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3.2.6 Elementary Transcendental Functions
Elementary transcendental functions.
Mathematica gives exact results for logarithms whenever it can. Here is 
.
In[1]:= Log[2, 1024]
Out[1]= 
You can find the numerical values of mathematical functions to any precision.
In[2]:= N[Log[2], 40]
Out[2]= 
This gives a complex number result.
In[3]:= N[ Log[-2] ]
Out[3]= 
Mathematica can evaluate logarithms with complex arguments.
In[4]:= N[ Log[2 + 8 I] ]
Out[4]= 
The arguments of trigonometric functions are always given in radians.
In[5]:= Sin[Pi/2]
Out[5]= 
You can convert from degrees by explicitly multiplying by the constant Degree.
In[6]:= N[ Sin[30 Degree] ]
Out[6]= 
Here is a plot of the hyperbolic tangent function. It has a characteristic "sigmoidal" form.
In[7]:= Plot[ Tanh[x], {x, -8, 8} ]
There are a number of additional trigonometric and hyperbolic functions that are sometimes used. The versine function is defined as  . The haversine is simply  . The complex exponential  is sometimes written as  . The gudermannian function is defined as  . The inverse gudermannian is  . The gudermannian satisfies such relations as 
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