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FactorList
FactorList[
poly
] gives a list of the factors of a polynomial, together with their exponents.
The first element of the list is always the overall numerical factor. It is {1,
1} if there is no overall numerical factor.
Example: FactorList[3 (1+x)^2 (1-x)] .
FactorList[
poly
,
Modulus->
p
] factors modulo a prime p.
FactorList[
poly
,
GaussianIntegers->True] allows Gaussian integer coefficients.
FactorList[
poly
,
Extension->
,
, ... 
] allows coefficients that are arbitrary rational combinations of the  .
See the Mathematica book: Section 3.3.4.
See also: FactorTermsList, TrigFactorList, CoefficientList.
Further Examples
This gives the list of factors and exponents.
In[1]:= 
Out[1]= 
This reconstructs the original polynomial.
In[2]:= 
Out[2]= 
See the Further Examples for Factor.
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