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3.7.7 Basic Matrix Operations
Some basic matrix operations.
Transposing a matrix interchanges the rows and columns in the matrix. If you transpose an  matrix, you get an  matrix as the result.
Transposing a  matrix gives a  result.
In[1]:= Transpose[ {{a, b, c}, {ap, bp, cp}} ]
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Det[m] gives the determinant of a square matrix m. Minors[m] is the matrix whose   element gives the determinant of the submatrix obtained by deleting the   row and the   column of m. The   cofactor of m is  times the   element of the matrix of minors.
Minors[m, k] gives the determinants of the  submatrices obtained by picking each possible set of  rows and  columns from m. Note that you can apply Minors to rectangular, as well as square, matrices.
Here is the determinant of a simple  matrix.
In[2]:= Det[ {{a, b}, {c, d}} ]
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This generates a  matrix, whose   entry is a[i, j].
In[3]:= m = Array[a, {3, 3}]
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Here is the determinant of m.
In[4]:= Det[ m ]
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This gives a matrix of the minors of m.
In[5]:= Minors[m]
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You can use Det to find the characteristic polynomial for a matrix. Section 3.7.9 discusses ways to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors directly.
Here is a  matrix.
In[6]:= m = Table[ 1/(i + j), {i, 3}, {j, 3} ]
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Following precisely the standard mathematical definition, this gives the characteristic polynomial for m.
In[7]:= Det[ m - x IdentityMatrix[3] ]
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The trace or spur of a matrix Tr[m] is the sum of the terms on the leading diagonal.
This finds the trace of a simple  matrix.
In[8]:= Tr[{{a, b}, {c, d}}]
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Powers and exponentials of matrices.
Here is a  matrix.
In[9]:= m = {{0.4, 0.6}, {0.525, 0.475}}
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This gives the third matrix power of m.
In[10]:= MatrixPower[m, 3]
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It is equivalent to multiplying three copies of the matrix.
In[11]:= m . m . m
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Here is the millionth matrix power.
In[12]:= MatrixPower[m, 10^6]
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This gives the matrix exponential of m.
In[13]:= MatrixExp[m]
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Here is an approximation to the exponential of m, based on a power series approximation.
In[14]:= Sum[MatrixPower[m, i]/i!, {i, 0, 5}]
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