Miscellaneous`ChemicalElements`

Basic properties of the chemical elements.

This loads the package.

In[1]:= <<Miscellaneous`ChemicalElements`

This gives the atomic weight of tungsten using the data in the package.

In[2]:= AtomicWeight[Tungsten]

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If you ask for the atomic weight of an unstable element, Mathematica issues a warning message.

In[3]:= AtomicWeight[Plutonium]

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This switches off the warning message.

In[4]:= Off[AtomicWeight::unstable]

Here is a plot of the ratio of atomic weight to atomic number.

In[5]:= ListPlot[Map[
AtomicWeight[#]/AtomicNumber[#]&,
Drop[Elements, -1]],
PlotJoined -> True]

Out[5]=

Physical properties of chemical elements.

The densities given are usually for the elements at Kelvin and one atmosphere pressure. A message is generated if the density given is for another temperature or for a special form of the element. The thermal conductivities are for the specified elements at Kelvin unless a message is returned giving an exception.

This gives the heat of fusion of nitrogen.

In[6]:= HeatOfFusion[Nitrogen]

Out[6]=

When you ask for the density, Mathematica warns you that this density is taken at a temperature of 21 Kelvin. The standard used for most other elements is 298 Kelvin.

In[7]:= Density[Nitrogen]

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This thermal conductivity is for the gaseous state.

In[8]:= ThermalConductivity[Nitrogen]

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Electronic structure of chemical elements.

When you use ElectronConfiguration to get the electronic configuration of an element, the result is a list using the standard order of listing of subshells , , , . Each shell is grouped into a sublist. ElectronConfigurationFormat returns the number of electrons in each subshell along with the label for the subshell.

This gives the electronic configuration as a list in the standard format.

In[9]:= ElectronConfiguration[Actinium]

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This includes the orbital labels in the list.

In[10]:= ElectronConfigurationFormat[Actinium]

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Ionization potential and specific heat of chemical elements.

This gives the specific heat of potassium.

In[11]:= SpecificHeat[Potassium]

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This gives the ionization potential of helium.

In[12]:= IonizationPotential[Helium]

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Here is a plot of the ionization potential against the atomic number of the elements.

In[13]:= (Off[IonizationPotential::unknown]; Off[Graphics::gptn];
ListPlot[ IonizationPotential[Elements]/ElectronVolt,
PlotJoined -> True, PlotRange -> All])

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Abundances of the chemical elements.

This gives the ten most abundant elements in the Solar System.

In[14]:= (Off[SolarSystemAbundance::unknown];
Take[Reverse[Sort[
Map[{ SolarSystemAbundance[#] /. Unknown->0, #}&, Elements]
]], 10])

Out[14]=