Fourier Series Package

NFourierTransform[expr,t,]	find a numerical approximation to the Fourier transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value , where expr is treated as a function of t
NInverseFourierTransform[expr,,t]	find a numerical approximation to the inverse Fourier transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value t, where expr is treated as a function of
NFourierSinTransform[expr,t,]	find a numerical approximation to the Fourier sine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value , where expr is treated as a function of t
NInverseFourierSinTransform[expr,,t]	find a numerical approximation to the inverse Fourier sine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value t, where expr is treated as a function of
NFourierCosTransform[expr,t,]	find a numerical approximation to the Fourier cosine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value , where expr is treated as a function of t
NInverseFourierCosTransform[expr,,t]	find a numerical approximation to the inverse Fourier cosine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value t, where expr is treated as a function of

Finding numerical approximations to Fourier transforms.

This loads the package. In[1]:=

This gives a numerical approximation to the Fourier transform of exp (-t2)/ (1+t) with respect to at =1. In[2]:= Out[2]=

case	value	Fourier transform and inverse
Mathematica default	{0, 1}
general case	{a, b}

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier transform.

setting	Fourier sine transform	inverse Fourier sine transform
{0, 1}
{a, b}

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier sine transform.

setting	Fourier cosine transform	inverse Fourier cosine transform
{0, 1}
{a, b}

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier cosine transform.

The Fourier transform is commonly used to transform a problem from the continuous "time domain" into the continuous "frequency domain." The Fourier transform may be viewed as the continuous analog of the Fourier series decomposition, which expresses a periodic function as a superposition of exponential or trigonometric functions. Fourier exponential and trigonometric series decompositions may be computed using the functions FourierSeries and FourierTrigSeries. The coefficients of the exponential series are found using FourierCoefficient and the coefficients of the trigonometric series are found using FourierSinCoefficient and FourierCosCoefficient. If the option setting FourierParameters -> {a, b} is specified, the continuous function of t is treated as having a period of 1/b, instead of the default period of 1.

FourierCoefficient[expr,t,n]	give the nth coefficient in the exponential series expansion of the periodic function of t equal to expr on the interval to
FourierSinCoefficient[expr,t,n]	give the nth coefficient in the sine series expansion
FourierCosCoefficient[expr,t,n]	give the nth coefficient in the cosine series expansion
FourierSeries[expr,t,k]	give the exponential series expansion to order k of the periodic function of t equal to expr on the interval to
FourierTrigSeries[expr,t,k]	give the trigonometric series expansion to order k

Computing Fourier coefficients and series.

Here is a plot of the difference between t and the integer closest to t. It is a periodic function with fundamental interval from to . In[3]:= Out[3]=

This gives a piece of the Fourier trigonometric series of the difference function. The difference function is odd so its trigonometric series contains only sines. In[4]:= Out[4]=

The plot of the truncated series is similar to that of the function. In[5]:= Out[5]=

Here are the two plots on the same axes. In[6]:= Out[6]=

setting	Fourier coefficient
{0, 1}
{a, b}

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier exponential coefficients.

setting	Fourier series
{0, 1}	Fn e-2int
{a, b}	b (1+a)/2Fn e-2ibnt

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier exponential series.

setting	c0	cn
{0, 1}
{a, b}

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier cosine coefficients.

setting	dn
{0, 1}
{a, b}

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier sine coefficients.

setting	Fourier trigonometric series
{0, 1}	c0+cncos (2nt)+dnsin (2nt)
{a, b}	b (1+a)/2 (c0+cncos (2bnt)+dnsin (2bnt))

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier trigonometric series.

Finding approximate numerical values for Fourier coefficients and series.

Here is a piece of the trigonometric series of a function that looks like on the interval from to . The function elsewhere is obtained by repeating this with period 1. In[7]:= Out[7]=

Here is a plot of the trigonometric polynomial over three periods. In[8]:= Out[8]=

The function FourierCoefficient, giving the coefficients of the Fourier exponential series, can be thought of as a transform from the continuous time domain into the discrete frequency domain. Likewise, the (infinite sum) Fourier exponential series can be thought of as an inverse transform from the discrete frequency domain into the continuous time domain. This transform pair is given by FourierCoefficient and InverseFourierCoefficient, and the numerical counterparts are given by NFourierCoefficient and NInverseFourierCoefficient. If the option setting FourierParameters -> {a, b} is specified, the period of the original function is taken to be 1/b, instead of the default period of 1.

FourierCoefficient[expr,t,n]	give Fn, a function of integer n and the nth coefficient in the exponential series expansion of the periodic function f(t), equal to expr on the interval to
InverseFourierCoefficient[expr,n,t]	give f(t), a periodic function of t, represented by the Fourier exponential series coefficients expr, where expr is treated as a function of integer n
NFourierCoefficient[expr,t,n]	find a numerical approximation to the function Fn
NInverseFourierCoefficient[expr,n,t]	find a numerical approximation to the function f(t)

Continuous-time and discrete-frequency transform pairs: exact and numerical approximations.

Here is a plot of a periodic function of t, with a period of . In[9]:= Out[9]=

You can use the FourierParameters option to specify the period of the function. In[10]:= Out[10]=

The inverse of the Fourier coefficients gives the original periodic function. In[11]:= Out[11]=

setting	Fourier coefficient	inverse Fourier coefficient
{0, 1}		Fn e-2int
{a, b}		b (1+a)/2Fn e-2ibnt

Effect of FourierParameters setting on Fourier coefficient.

The Fourier transform from the discrete time domain into the continuous frequency domain is usually termed the discrete-time Fourier transform, or DTFourierTransform. The inverse transform from the continuous frequency domain into the discrete time domain is given by InverseDTFourierTransform. Just as the Z transform is the discrete analog of the Laplace transform, the discrete-time Fourier transform is the discrete analog of the continuous-time Fourier transform. If the option setting FourierParameters -> {a, b} is specified, the period of the discrete-time Fourier transform is taken to be 1/b, instead of the default period of 1.

DTFourierTransform[expr,n,omega]	give F(), a periodic function of , equal to the Fourier sum of expr, where expr is treated as a function of integer n
InverseDTFourierTransform[expr,omega,n]	give fn, a function of integer n and the inverse Fourier sum of the periodic function F(), where F() is equal to expr on the interval to
NDTFourierTransform[expr,n,omega]	find a numerical approximation to the function F()
NInverseDTFourierTransform[expr,omega,n]	find a numerical approximation to the function fn

Discrete-time and continuous-frequency transform pairs: exact and numerical approximations.

This computes the Fourier transform of a discrete-time rectangular function centered at n=0. In[12]:= Out[12]=

Here is a plot of the amplitude spectrum over three periods. In[13]:= Out[13]=

Here is a numerical approximation to the inverse discrete-time Fourier transform, for n=-5, ..., 5. In[14]:= Out[14]=

setting	discrete-time Fourier transform	inverse discrete-time Fourier coefficient
{0, 1}	fn e2in
{a, b}	b (1-a)/2fn e2ibn

Effect of FourierParameters setting on discrete-time Fourier transform.