Mathematica's core language and computation capabilities cannot only be accessed through its rich interactive notebook interface, but also directly through a command-line interface—allowing
Mathematica to be used in large-scale batch mode, or as the world's most powerful scripting language, fully integrated into any computational environment.
% — most recent output expression
Environment — system environment variables
$BatchInput,
$BatchOutput — handle interrupts etc. unattended
SendMail — send an expression by email
init.m — file of commands to run at initialization
UsingFrontEnd — execute commands using a front end if necessary
