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Mathematica Syntax Characters
The syntax of the Mathematica language is unique among modern languages in allowing not just ordinary ASCII characters, but also a variety of special characters that greatly increase readability and elegance, as well as correspondence with traditional mathematical notation.
Reference
Arithmetic & Functions
× \[Times] — multiplication sign, automatically added between numbers etc.
÷ \[Divide] ▪ √ \[Sqrt] ▪ 
\[Piecewise] ▪ 
\[LeftFloor] ▪ 
▪ 
▪ 
Comparisons
≠, ≤, ≥, = — automatically converted from 
, 
, 
, 
\[LongEqual] — alternative form equivalent to 
Constants
∞ \[Infinity] ▪ 
\[Pi] ▪ 
\[ExponentialE] ▪ 
\[ImaginaryI] ▪ ° \[Degree]
Calculus, etc.
\[PartialD] ▪ 
\[Integral] ▪ 
\[DifferentialD] ▪ 
\[Sum] ▪ 
\[Product]
\[DifferenceDelta] ▪ 
\[DiscreteRatio] ▪ 
\[DiscreteShift]
Vectors & Matrices
\[Cross] ▪ 
\[Transpose] ▪ * \[Conjugate] ▪ 
▪ 
Logic
\[And] ▪ 
\[Or] ▪ ¬ \[Not] ▪ 
\[Xor] ▪ 
\[Nand] ▪ 
\[Nor]
Sets, etc.
\[Element] ▪ 
▪ 
▪ 
\[ForAll] ▪ 
\[Exists]
Rules
→ \[Rule] — automatically converted from 
⧴ \[RuleDelayed] — automatically converted from 
Parts
...
...
— part specification, entered using Esc[[Esc, Esc]]Esc
Pure Functions
\[Function] — pure function 
Invisible Syntax »
\[InvisibleComma] ▪ \[InvisibleTimes] ▪ \[ImplicitPlus]
\[InvisibleApplication] — separate a function and its argument, as in 
Operators without Built-in Meanings »
CirclePlus (
) ▪ Wedge (
) ▪ AngleBracket (
) ▪ ...
