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Root

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Root[f, k]
represents the exact k^(th) root of the polynomial equation f[x]=0.
Root[{f, x0}]
represents the exact root of the general equation f[x]=0 near x=x0.
Root[{f, x0, n}]
represents n roots of the equation f[x]=0 near x=x0.
  • f must be a Function object such as (#^5-2#+1)&.
  • Root[f, k] is automatically reduced so that f has the smallest possible degree and smallest integer coefficients.
  • The ordering used by Root[f, k] takes real roots to come before complex ones, and takes complex conjugate pairs of roots to be adjacent.
  • The coefficients in the polynomial f[x] can involve symbolic parameters.
  • For linear and quadratic polynomials f[x], Root[f, k] is automatically reduced to explicit rational or radical form.
  • For other polynomials, ToRadicals can be used to convert to explicit radicals.
  • Root[{f, x0}] represents an exact root of the general equation f[x]=0, which can be transcendental.
  • In Root[{f, x0}], x0 must be an approximate real or complex number such that exactly one root of f[x] lies within the numerical region defined by its precision.
  • Root[{f, x0, n}] represents n roots, counting multiplicity, that lie within the numerical region defined by the precision of x0.
  • N finds the approximate numerical value of a Root object.
  • Root[f, k] is treated as a numeric quantity if f contains no symbolic parameters.
  • Root by default isolates the complex roots of a polynomial using validated numerical methods. SetOptions[Root, ExactRootIsolation->True] will make Root use symbolic methods that are usually much slower.
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