Verbatim[expr] represents expr in pattern matching, requiring that expr be matched exactly as it appears, with no substitutions for blanks or other transformations.
Shortest[p] is a pattern object that matches the shortest sequence consistent with the pattern p.
Longest
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Longest[p] is a pattern object that matches the longest sequence consistent with the pattern p.
p .. or Repeated[p] is a pattern object that represents a sequence of one or more expressions, each matching p. Repeated[p, max] represents up to max expressions matching ...
Blank
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) _or Blank[] is a pattern object that can stand for any Mathematica expression. _h or Blank[h] can stand for any expression with head h.
StringCases["string", patt] gives a list of the substrings in " string" that match the string expression patt. StringCases["string", lhs -> rhs] gives a list of the values of ...
___(three _characters) or BlankNullSequence[] is a pattern object that can stand for any sequence of zero or more Mathematica expressions. ___h or BlankNullSequence[h] can ...
Attributes[symbol] gives the list of attributes for a symbol.
patt /; test is a pattern which matches only if the evaluation of test yields True. lhs :> rhs /; test represents a rule which applies only if the evaluation of test yields ...
__(two _characters) or BlankSequence[] is a pattern object that can stand for any sequence of one or more Mathematica expressions. __h or BlankSequence[h] can stand for any ...