ListPlot3D

ListPlot3D[{{f11,,f1n},,{fm1,,fmn}}]

generates a surface with height fij at position {j,i}.

ListPlot3D[{{x1,y1,f1},,{xk,yk,fk}}]

generates a surface with height fi at position {xi,yi}.

ListPlot3D[{data1,data2,}]

plots the surfaces corresponding to each of the datai.

Details and Options

  • ListPlot3D is also known as a 3D surface plot.
  • Regular data {{f11,,f1n},,{fm1,,fmn}} is plotted as a height f[x,y] at the point {x,y} with f[j,i] having value fij.
  • Irregular data {{x1,y1,f1},,{xn,yn,zn}} is plotted as a height f[x,y] at the point {x,y} with f[xi,yi] having value fi.
  • It visualizes the surface where f is the function above and the region is the Cartesian product for regular data and the convex hull of {{x1,y1},,{xn,yn}} for irregular data.
  • Data values xi, yi and fi can be given in the following forms:
  • xia real-valued number
    Quantity[xi,unit]a quantity with a unit
    Around[xi,ei]value xi with uncertainty ei
    Interval[{xmin,xmax}]values between xmin and xmax
  • Values xi, yi and fi that are not of the preceding form are taken to be missing and are not shown.
  • The datai have the following forms and interpretations:
  • <|"k1"{x1,y1,f1},"k2"{x2,y2,f2},|>values {{x1,y1,f1},,{xk,yk,fk}}
    SparseArrayvalues as a normal array
    QuantityArraymagnitudes
    WeightedDataunweighted values
  • In ListPlot3D[array], array must be a rectangular array. Each element can be either a single real number representing a value, or an triple.
  • There will be holes in the surface corresponding to array elements that do not represent explicit height values.
  • ListPlot3D[array] by default takes the and coordinate values for each data point to be successive integers starting at 1.
  • The elements of array can also be triples {x11,y11,z11}, specifying heights zij at explicit positions {xij,yij}. The connectivity of the surface in this case is still taken to follow the 2D array.
  • The following wrappers w can be used for the datai:
  • Annotation[datai,label]provide an annotation for the data
    Button[datai,action]define an action to execute when the data is clicked
    Callout[datai,label]label the data with a callout
    Callout[datai,label,pos]place the callout at relative position pos
    EventHandler[datai,]define a general event handler for the data
    Hyperlink[datai,uri]make the data a hyperlink
    Labeled[datai,label]label the data
    Labeled[datai,label,pos]place the label at relative position pos
    Legended[datai,label]identify the data in a legend
    PopupWindow[datai,cont]attach a popup window to the data
    StatusArea[datai,label]display in the status area on mouseover
    Style[datai,styles]show the data using the specified styles
    Tooltip[datai,label]attach a tooltip to the data
    Tooltip[datai]use data values as tooltips
  • Wrappers w can be applied at multiple levels:
  • w[datai]wrap the data
    w[{data1,}]wrap a collection of datai
    w1[w2[]]use nested wrappers
  • Callout, Labeled and Placed can use the following positions pos:
  • Automaticautomatically placed labels
    Above, Below, Before, Afterpositions around the surface
    {x,y}near the surface at a position {x,y}
    {x,y,z}at the position {x,y,z}
    {s,Above},{s,Below},relative position at position s around the surface
    {pos,epos}epos in label placed at relative position pos of the surface
  • ListPlot3D has the same options as Graphics3D, with the following additions and changes:
  • AxesTruewhether to draw axes
    BoundaryStyle Automatichow to draw boundary lines for surfaces
    BoxRatios{1,1,0.4}bounding 3D box ratios
    ClippingStyle Automatichow to draw clipped parts of the surface
    ColorFunction Automatichow to determine the color of surfaces
    ColorFunctionScaling Truewhether to scale arguments to ColorFunction
    DataRange Automaticthe range of and values to assume for data
    Filling Nonefilling under the surface
    FillingStyle Opacity[0.5]style to use for filling
    InterpolationOrder Nonethe polynomial degree in each variable of surfaces used in joining data points
    IntervalMarkers Automatichow to render uncertainty
    IntervalMarkersStyle Automaticstyle for uncertainty elements
    LabelingSize Automaticsize to use for callout and label
    MaxPlotPoints Automaticthe maximum number of points to include
    Mesh Automatichow many mesh lines in each direction to draw
    MeshFunctions {#1&,#2&}how to determine the placement of mesh lines
    MeshShading Nonehow to shade regions between mesh lines
    MeshStyle Automaticthe style for mesh lines
    MethodAutomaticthe method to use for interpolation and data reduction
    NormalsFunction Automatichow to determine effective surface normals
    PerformanceGoal $PerformanceGoalaspects of performance to try to optimize
    PlotLabels Nonelabels to use for surfaces
    PlotLegends Nonelegends for surfaces
    PlotRange {Full,Full,Automatic}the range of or other values to include
    PlotRangePaddingAutomatichow much to pad the range of values
    PlotStyle Automaticgraphics directives to specify the style for the surface
    PlotTheme $PlotThemeoverall theme for the plot
    RegionFunction (True&)how to determine whether a point should be included
    ScalingFunctions Nonehow to scale individual coordinates
    TextureCoordinateFunction Automatichow to determine texture coordinates
    TextureCoordinateScaling Truewhether to scale arguments to TextureCoordinateFunction
    VertexColors Automaticcolors to assume at each point
    VertexNormals Automaticeffective normals to assume at each point
  • In the default case with no explicit and given, the setting DataRange->{{xmin,xmax},{ymin,ymax}} specifies the ranges of coordinate values to use.
  • With the default setting DataRange->Automatic, ListPlot3D[{{a11,a12,a13},,{an1,an2,an3}}] will assume that the data being given is {{x1,y1,z1},}, rather than an ×3 array of height values.
  • ListPlot3D[list,DataRange->All] always takes list to represent an array of height values.
  • Possible settings for ScalingFunctions include:
  • szscale the z axis
    {sx,sy}scale x and y axes
    {sx,sy,sz}scale x, y and z axes
  • Each scaling function si is either a string "scale" or {g,g-1}, where g-1 is the inverse of g.
  • For ListPlot3D[array], Mesh->Full draws a mesh that crosses at the position of each data point.
  • The arguments supplied to functions in MeshFunctions and RegionFunction are , , and . Functions in ColorFunction and TextureCoordinateFunction are by default supplied with scaled versions of these arguments.
  • The setting for VertexColors must be an array or list with the same structure as the coordinate data.
  • An explicit setting for VertexColors overrides colors determined from ColorFunction.
  • Themes that affect 3D surfaces include:
  • "DarkMesh"dark mesh lines
    "GrayMesh"gray mesh lines
    "LightMesh"light mesh lines
    "ZMesh"vertically distributed mesh lines
    "ThickSurface"add thickness to surfaces
    "FilledSurface"add filling below surfaces
  • ListPlot3D returns Graphics3D[data].

Examples

open allclose all

Basic Examples  (3)

Use an array of values to define heights for a surface:

Give explicit , , coordinates for points on a surface:

Use different interpolations of data:

Scope  (28)

General Data  (9)

For regular data consisting of values, the and data ranges are taken to be integer values:

Provide explicit and data ranges by using DataRange:

Plot multiple sets of regular data:

For irregular data consisting of triples, the and data ranges are inferred from data:

Plot multiple sets of irregular data:

Areas around where the data is nonreal are excluded:

Use MaxPlotPoints to limit the number of points used:

PlotRange is selected automatically:

Use PlotRange to focus in on areas of interest:

Use RegionFunction to restrict the surface to a region given by inequalities:

Special Data  (4)

Use Quantity to include units with the data:

Include different units for the x, y and z coordinates:

Plot data with uncertainty:

Plot data with uncertainty in x, y and z:

Labeling and Legending  (6)

Label surfaces with Labeled:

Label surfaces with PlotLabels:

Place the label near the surface at an {x,y} value:

Use Callout:

Place a label with specific locations:

Include legends for each surface:

Use Legended to provide a legend for a specific dataset:

Use Placed to change the legend location:

Presentation  (9)

Provide an explicit PlotStyle for the surface:

Provide separate styles for different surfaces:

Add labels:

Color the surface by height:

Provide overlay meshes:

Style the areas between mesh lines:

Provide an interactive Tooltip for a surface:

Fill below a surface:

Use plot theme:

Options  (114)

BoundaryStyle  (6)

Use a black boundary around the edges of the surface:

Use a thick boundary around the edges of the surface:

Use a thick red boundary around the edges of the surface:

Do not use any boundary:

BoundaryStyle applies to holes cut by RegionFunction:

BoundaryStyle applies where there are jumps in the surface:

ClippingStyle  (4)

By default clipped regions have no color:

Do not draw clipped regions:

Make clipped regions partially transparent:

Color clipped regions red at the bottom and blue at the top:

ColorFunction  (6)

Color by scaled , , and values:

Color by scaled and coordinates:

Use ColorData for predefined color gradients:

Named color gradients color in the direction:

ColorFunction has higher priority than PlotStyle:

ColorFunction has lower priority than MeshShading:

ColorFunctionScaling  (2)

Use unscaled coordinates:

Unscaled coordinates are dependent on DataRange:

DataRange  (5)

Arrays of height values are displayed against the number of elements in each direction:

Rescale to the sampling space:

Each dataset is scaled to the same domain:

Triples are interpreted as , , coordinates:

Force interpretation as arrays of height values:

The dataset is normally interpreted as a list of triples:

Filling  (5)

Fill to the bottom:

Filling occurs along the region cut by the RegionFunction:

Fill to both top and bottom:

Fill surface 1 to the bottom with blue and surface 2 to the top with red:

Fill below discrete regions:

FillingStyle  (3)

Fill to the bottom with a variety of styles:

Fill to the plane with red below and blue above:

Fill to the plane from above only:

InterpolationOrder  (5)

Points are normally joined with flat polygons:

Use zero-order or piecewise-constant interpolation:

Use third-order spline interpolation to fit the data:

Interpolation order 0 to 5:

For irregular data, zero-order interpolation gives Voronoi regions for each point:

IntervalMarkers  (2)

Interval markers are bars by default:

Use named IntervalMarkers:

IntervalMarkersStyle  (2)

Interval markers are black by default:

Specify a style for the bars using IntervalMarkersStyle:

LabelingSize  (2)

Textual labels are shown at their actual sizes:

Specify a maximum size for textual labels:

Image labels are automatically resized:

Specify a maximum size for image labels:

Show image labels at their natural sizes:

MaxPlotPoints  (4)

ListPlot3D normally uses all of the points in the dataset:

Limit the number of points used in each direction:

MaxPlotPoints imposes a regular grid on irregular data:

The grid does not extend beyond the convex hull of the original data:

Mesh  (7)

Use no mesh:

Show the initial and final sampling mesh:

The entire mesh for irregular data is a Delaunay triangulation:

Use 5 mesh lines in each direction:

Use 3 mesh lines in the direction and 6 mesh lines in the direction:

Use mesh lines at specific values:

Use different styles for different mesh lines:

MeshFunctions  (3)

Use the value as the mesh function:

Use mesh lines in the and directions:

Use mesh lines corresponding to fixed distances from the origin:

MeshShading  (4)

Use None to remove regions:

Lay a checkerboard pattern over a surface:

MeshShading has a higher priority than PlotStyle:

MeshShading has a higher priority than ColorFunction:

MeshStyle  (2)

Use red mesh lines:

Use red mesh lines in the direction and thick mesh lines in the direction:

NormalsFunction  (4)

Normals are automatically calculated:

Use None to get flat shading for all the polygons:

Vary the effective normals used on the surface:

VertexNormals has a higher priority than NormalsFunction:

PerformanceGoal  (2)

Generate a higher-quality plot:

Emphasize performance, possibly at the cost of quality:

PlotLabels  (3)

Specify text to label surfaces:

Specify a label at a position:

Specify labels to identify surfaces:

PlotLegends  (5)

Use placeholders to identify plot styles:

Use specific labels:

Use Placed to control legend position:

Use SwatchLegend to change the appearance:

Create a legend based on a color function:

Use BarLegend to change the appearance:

PlotRange  (3)

Automatically compute the range:

Use all points to compute the range:

Use an explicit range to emphasize features:

PlotStyle  (6)

Plot two surfaces with different styles:

Color a surface with diffuse purple:

Use Specularity to get highlights:

Use Opacity to get transparent surfaces:

Use separate styles for each of the surfaces:

Produce a wire mesh:

PlotTheme  (4)

Use a theme with simple ticks and grid lines in a bright color scheme:

Change the color scheme:

Change the appearance by modifying Mesh and MeshShading:

Create a thick surface for 3D printing:

RegionFunction  (5)

Plot over a region in :

The region depends on DataRange:

Filling will fill from the region boundary:

Regions do not have to be connected:

Use any logical combination of conditions:

ScalingFunctions  (9)

By default, plots have linear scales in each direction:

Use a log scale in the direction:

Use a linear scale in the direction that shows smaller numbers at the top:

Use a reciprocal scale in the direction:

Use different scales in the and directions:

Reverse the axis without changing the axis:

Use a scale defined by a function and its inverse:

Positions in Ticks and FaceGrids are automatically scaled:

PlotRange is automatically scaled:

TextureCoordinateFunction  (4)

Textures use scaled and coordinates by default:

Use the and parameters:

Use unscaled coordinates:

Use textures to highlight how parameters map onto a surface:

TextureCoordinateScaling  (1)

Use scaled or unscaled coordinates for textures:

VertexColors  (3)

ListPlot3D normally uses an uncolored surface:

Specify random colors for each vertex:

Specify colors for multiple datasets:

VertexNormals  (3)

ListPlot3D automatically computes surface normals from the geometry:

Specify random normals for each vertex:

Specify normals for multiple datasets:

Applications  (5)

Plot an indexed family for functions:

Show iterates of the logistic map, emphasizing values at similar steps:

Show iterates of the logistic map, emphasizing values for particular initial values:

Plot ClebschGordan coefficients as a function of and :

A square pulse and its discrete Fourier transform:

Show a color elevation map of the state of Colorado by using elevation data from cities:

Properties & Relations  (15)

ListPlot3D produces an interpolating function surface:

ListSurfacePlot3D produces an approximating general surface:

ListPlot3D constructs a function surface that oscillates rapidly in the direction:

When using multiple values for each , value, the duplicates are discarded by ListPlot3D:

ListSurfacePlot3D still reconstructs the general surface:

ListPlot3D associates values, normals, and colors with the vertices of polygons:

Raster, ArrayPlot, MatrixPlot, and ReliefPlot associate values with the whole polygon:

Use Plot3D for functions:

Use ListPointPlot3D to show three-dimensional points:

Use ListLinePlot3D to plot curves through lists of points:

Plot curves through rows of heights in a table:

Use ListContourPlot to create contours from continuous data:

Use ListDensityPlot to create densities from continuous data:

Use ArrayPlot for arrays of discrete data:

Use MatrixPlot for structural plots of matrices:

Use ReliefPlot for matrices corresponding to medical and geographic values:

Use ListLogPlot, ListLogLogPlot, and ListLogLinearPlot for logarithmic plots:

Use ListPolarPlot for polar plots:

Use DateListPlot to show data over time:

Use ParametricPlot3D for three-dimensional parametric curves and surfaces:

Possible Issues  (2)

The appearance of a plot may depend on the source of the data:

An ×3 matrix is by default interpreted as a list of triples:

Use DataRange->All to force interpretation as a matrix of values:

Or provide an explicit list of data ranges to force interpretation as a matrix of values:

Neat Examples  (2)

Voronoi region interpolation:

Use an image from ExampleData:

Plot the dataset with vertex colors, simulating the texture:

Wolfram Research (1988), ListPlot3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.html (updated 2020).

Text

Wolfram Research (1988), ListPlot3D, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.html (updated 2020).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 1988. "ListPlot3D." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2020. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (1988). ListPlot3D. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2022_listplot3d, author="Wolfram Research", title="{ListPlot3D}", year="2020", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.html}", note=[Accessed: 07-June-2023 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2022_listplot3d, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={ListPlot3D}, year={2020}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.html}, note=[Accessed: 07-June-2023 ]}