# Wolfram Language Documentation


## Guide Pages

- [3D Geometry & Modeling Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/3DGeometryAndModelingFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports import and export of 3D geometry from all standard formats--with its symbolic representation of 3D objects allowing immediate faithful interchange.
- [3D Graphics Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/3DGraphicsOptions.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to treat abstract 3D graphics using familiar physical metaphors. It provides not only real-time 3D manipulation, but also detailed programmatic control of features such as orientation, viewing geometry, and lighting, all tightly integrated with the Wolfram Language and real-time dynamic capabilities.
- [3D Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/3DImages.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports not only ordinary 2D images, but also 3D volumetric images, corresponding to 3D arrays of voxels. It allows many kinds of analysis on 3D images, some analogous to 2D images, and some specific to 3D. In the Wolfram Language, 3D images can involve any number of color channels, as well as opacity.
- [3D Printing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/3DPrinting.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated capabilities to directly 3D print geometric models, using either an online print service or your own printer. Geometric models suitable for printing can be generated from a variety of plot functions, directly from curated collections, or imported from files and URLs, as well as from geometric regions. Several tools provide utilities for analyzing, repairing, and adjusting models.
- [Accessibility](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Accessibility.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only fits into standard accessibility frameworks but also provides its own highly flexible interface accessibility options.
- [Accessing External Services & APIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AccessingExternalServicesAndAPIs.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a sophisticated framework for accessing a wide variety of external services and APIs. The framework manages authentication and data exchanges with the service.
- [Acoustic PDEs and Boundary Conditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AcousticPDEModels.en.md): Acoustics is the field of physics that models sound by changes in pressure. Two approaches to model acoustic systems are common: one approach is to model acoustics in the time domain and the other is to model in the frequency domain.
- [Actuarial Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ActuarialComputation.en.md): Actuarial computation deals with quantifying and redistributing risk in insurance and finance. Risks refer to financial losses and may relate to health, cars, life, and financial investments, etc. Risks are redistributed by grouping many individuals and analyzing the whole group to determine premiums and risk probabilities, etc. The Wolfram Language provides extensive support for models, data, and computation related to finance, probability, and statistics. In life insurance, important aspects ...
- [Additive Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AdditiveNumberTheory.en.md): Building on its broad algorithmic and mathematical capabilities, the Wolfram Language provides a unique level of highly general and efficient support for additive number theory.
- [Algebraic Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AlgebraicNumbers.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic character allows it to provide deep integrated support for algebraic numbers. At the core are Root objects, which provide exact implicit representations for arbitrary algebraic numbers. Using specially developed algorithms, the Wolfram Language efficiently handles Root objects just as it does ordinary explicit representations of numbers.
- [Algebraic Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AlgebraicNumberTheory.en.md): With its convenient symbolic representation of algebraic numbers, the Wolfram Language's state-of-the-art algebraic number theory capabilities provide a concrete implementation of one of the historically richest areas of pure mathematics--all tightly integrated with the Wolfram Language's powerful unified environment.
- [Algebraic Transformations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AlgebraicTransformations.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes functions for performing a variety of specific algebraic transformations. Some are algorithmically straightforward; others include highly sophisticated algorithms, many developed and refined at Wolfram Research.
- [Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AlphabeticalListing.en.md): The Wolfram Language has over 7000 built-in functions and other objects, all based on a single unified framework, and all carefully designed to work together, both in simple interactive applications and programs of any complexity.
- [Alphabetical Listing of WSTP C Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AlphabeticalListingOfWSTPCFunctions.en.md): The WSTP library contains an extensive collection of C functions that allow arbitrary data and structure to be exchanged with the Wolfram System and provide detailed control of interprocess communications.
- [Analysis of State-Space Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AnalysisOfStateSpaceModels.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a complete set of functions needed to compute and verify the controllability and observability properties of linear systems, as well as advanced functions that yield decompositions with desired controllability and observability characteristics.
- [Analytic Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AnalyticNumberTheory.en.md): Building on its broad strengths in mathematics in general, and in special functions in particular, the Wolfram Language provides a unique level of support for analytic number theory, including not only highly general function evaluation, but also symbolic simplification.
- [Angles and Polar Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AnglesAndPolarCoordinates.en.md): Representing complex numbers, vectors, or positions using angles is a fundamental construction in calculus and geometry, and many applied areas like geodesy. The Wolfram Language offers a flexible variety of ways of working with angles: as numeric objects in radians, Quantity objects with any angular unit, or degree-minute-second (DMS) lists and strings. These forms are understood and automatically converted by the functions working with angles, in particular functions converting between polar ...
- [Annotating & Combining Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AnnotatingAndCombiningGraphics.en.md): In the Wolfram Language's unified symbolic framework, graphics are treated just like any other expression--to be displayed, arranged, annotated, or manipulated using any of the Wolfram Language's powerful programming, layout, and interactivity primitives.
- [Annotations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Annotations.en.md): Annotations, also known as attributes, are used to set and store values of complex objects at a detailed level in the Wolfram Language. User-extensible annotation support enables rich modeling capabilities for the objects that support them.
- [Applying Functions to Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ApplyingFunctionsToLists.en.md): Many computations are conveniently specified in terms of applying functions in parallel to many elements in a list. The Wolfram Language provides a suite of elegant functional programming constructs for doing this. In the Wolfram Language, mathematical functions are automatically taken to be listable, so that they are always applied to every element in a list.
- [Arduino](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Arduino.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides native support for connecting to Arduino Uno devices and for reading and writing data to shields and extensions.
- [Arithmetic Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ArithmeticFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language immediately allows you to do arithmetic not only with individual numbers, but also with arbitrary lists or arrays--as well as symbolic and algebraic forms. The Wolfram Language uses the latest platform-optimized algorithms to work with exact and approximate numbers up to billions of digits, as well as polynomials with millions of terms.
- [Arrows and Arrow-Like Forms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ArrowsAndArrowLikeForms.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports not only arbitrary arrow graphics, but also a selection of convenient arrow-like characters that automatically extend when appropriate. Each of these characters can also be used as an element of Wolfram Language syntax, representing a formal operator named after the character, so that complex arrow-based structures can easily be built up symbolically.
- [Assignments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Assignments.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture supports a highly generalized notion of assignment, in which you can specify a transformation for any class of expressions defined by a Wolfram Language pattern. Simple cases correspond to assignments for variables, indexed variables, or structure elements. Other cases define functions or general transformations.
- [Associations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Associations.en.md): Along with lists, associations are fundamental constructs in the Wolfram Language. They associate keys with values, allowing highly efficient lookup and updating, even with millions of elements. Associations provide generalizations of symbolically indexed lists, associative arrays, dictionaries, hashmaps, structs, and a variety of other powerful data structures.
- [Assumptions and Domains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AssumptionsAndDomains.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a flexible system for specifying arbitrary symbolic assumptions about variables. It uses a wide range of sophisticated algorithms to infer the consequences of assumptions--often in the process automatically proving a sequence of necessary mathematical theorems.
- [Astronomical Computation & Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AstronomicalComputationAndData.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides seamless access to the curated and continuously updated Wolfram Knowledgebase used in Wolfram|Alpha--which includes a wide range of types of data for astronomical science. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Asymptotics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Asymptotics.en.md): Asymptotics is the calculus of approximations. It is used to solve hard problems that cannot be solved exactly and to provide simpler forms of complicated results, from early results like Taylor's and Stirling's formulas to the prime number theorem. It is extensively used in areas such as number theory, combinatorics, numerical analysis, analysis of algorithms, probability and statistics, special functions and modern physics. The Wolfram Language makes the language of asymptotics widely ...
- [Atomic Elements of Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AtomicElementsOfExpressions.en.md): All expressions in the Wolfram Language are ultimately built from a small number of distinct types of atomic elements.
- [Attributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Attributes.en.md): Any Wolfram Language symbol can have both a variety of types of values and a variety of independently settable attributes that define overall aspects of its behavior.
- [Audio Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AudioAnalysis.en.md): Audio analysis is achieved by visually or programmatically inspecting local and global features in an audio signal in order to extract information or gain insight. Typical applications include understanding speech and speakers or analyzing music, environmental or wild life sounds. Together with optimized signal processing for time or frequency analysis as well as high-level machine learning and neural network capabilities, Wolfram Language provides solutions for applications in a variety of ...
- [Audio Editing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AudioEditing.en.md): Audio editing is the process of manipulating audio recordings to focus on segments or highlight features of interest and typically involves trimming, amplitude modification and effects. Audio editing is heavily used in a variety of domains, such as podcasts, audiobooks and video editing.
- [Audio Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AudioFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports all standard raster audio formats and codecs, with options to allow detailed control over encoding and compression. The Wolfram Language also allows conversion between MIDI and its integrated symbolic note-based audio representation.
- [Audio Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AudioProcessing.en.md): Digital audio is widely available from speech, music, and natural sounds, most of which can also be algorithmically synthesized. Digital audio can be manipulated in a variety of ways, including editing (trim, split, join, ...), enhancing (amplify, denoise, ...), analyzing (visualize, classify, ...), and creating effects (pitch shift, adding reverb, ...). The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated support for audio, including fast in-memory data and large out-of-core files. The built-in ...
- [Audio Representation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AudioRepresentation.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated audio support, including fast and efficient in-memory data, as well as large out-of-core local and remote files. The built-in audio enables a range of uses, from immediate playing and scrubbing to advanced programmatic processing and analysis.
- [Automated Reports](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AutomatedReports.en.md): Built into the Wolfram Language is a powerful automated report system that can create notebooks with arbitrarily elaborate formatting, interaction, and computation. Authored using standard Wolfram System editing, template notebooks contain slots that can be populated with data from any source, then processed using any Wolfram Language operations. The automated report can readily be performed both locally and in the cloud on a specified schedule.
- [Automatic Mail Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AutomaticMailProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language lets you set up code that will automatically be called in the cloud when mail is sent to a particular assigned address, allowing highly flexible handling of incoming mail.
- [Automatic Text Styling Features](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AutomaticTextStylingFeatures.en.md): The Wolfram Language uses its knowledge of the symbolic structure of your input to display it with semantics-directed syntax coloring and other forms of styling. You can use options to control the details of this behavior, either programmatically or through the Preferences dialog.
- [Background & Scheduled Tasks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BackgroundAndScheduledTasks.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides frameworks for performing computations in the background, either immediately or on a predetermined schedule. These frameworks operate both locally and in the cloud, and can spawn additional processes or can operate preemptively in a single process.
- [Basic Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BasicFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can routinely import and export hundreds of megabytes in all standard basic formats--in addition to supporting hundreds of more structured formats.
- [Basic Image Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BasicImageManipulation.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture makes it possible to treat images just like any other form of expression--applying functions to them, displaying and inputting them in notebooks, and including them directly in programs. The Wolfram Language provides a streamlined collection of functions for basic image manipulation, fully integrated with more advanced processing and its overall language and interactive capabilities.
- [Basic Input & Output in Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BasicInputAndOutputInPrograms.en.md): In the Wolfram System's standard notebook interface, you are directly giving input and getting output every time you press Shift+Enter. Although much more rarely needed than in more primitive languages, the Wolfram Language also allows you to get input and generate output as side effects in a computation.
- [Bessel-Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BesselRelatedFunctions.en.md): Using original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language has full coverage of all standard Bessel-related functions--evaluating every function to arbitrary precision with optimized algorithms for arbitrary complex values of its parameters, as well as supporting series and asymptotic expansions with full treatment of Stokes sectors, and an extensive web of symbolic transformations and simplifications.
- [Binary Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BinaryData.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides high-performance reading and writing of binary data, to both files and pipes. A convenient symbolic format representation makes it straightforward to translate published instrumentation or logging specifications to a form that can immediately be used in the Wolfram Language.
- [Biomolecular Sequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BiomolecularSequences.en.md): BioSequence is a string-based representation for biomolecules with chained primary structure. This class of biomolecules includes DNA, RNA, peptides and other sequences, which play important biological roles in maintaining genetic information and undertaking the work of the cell. This representation is supported by functions for recognition, comparison, transliteration and further operations. Degenerate letter handling is integrated throughout these operations. Interaction with the entity ...
- [Bitwise Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BitwiseOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language can represent bit vectors of arbitrary length as integers, and uses highly optimized algorithms--including several original to Wolfram Research--to perform bitwise operations with maximal efficiency on all standard computer systems.
- [Working with ARK Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-ARK.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with ARK blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from ARK mainnet and devnet and construct and submit transactions to the blockchains.
- [Working with Bitcoin Cash Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-BitcoinCash.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with Bitcoin Cash blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from Bitcoin Cash mainnet and testnet and construct and submit transactions to the blockchains.
- [Working with Bitcoin Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-Bitcoin.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with Bitcoin blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from Bitcoin mainnet and testnet and construct and submit transactions to the blockchains.
- [Working with bloxberg Blockchain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-bloxberg.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with the bloxberg blockchain. It can both retrieve detailed information and construct and submit transactions to the blockchain.
- [Working with Cardano Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-Cardano.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with Cardano blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from the Cardano mainnet and testnet and construct and submit transactions to the blockchains.
- [Working with Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from Bitcoin, Ethereum and other blockchains and construct and submit transactions to blockchains. Wolfram maintains a MultiChain instance in the Wolfram Cloud that allows immediate blockchain storage and retrieval of arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions.
- [Working with Ethereum Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-Ethereum.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with Ethereum blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from Ethereum mainnet and testnet and construct and submit transactions to the blockchains.
- [Working with Litecoin Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-Litecoin.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with Litecoin blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from Litecoin mainnet and testnet and construct and submit transactions to the blockchains.
- [Working with Tezos Blockchains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Blockchain-Tezos.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for interacting with Tezos blockchains. It can both retrieve detailed information from Tezos mainnet, testnet and voting process testing period chain fork and construct and submit operations to the blockchains.
- [Boolean Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BooleanComputation.en.md): Building on its core symbolic architecture, the Wolfram Language gives immediate access to the latest in industrial-strength Boolean computation. With highly general symbolic representations of Boolean functions, with full support for don't-care arguments and values, the Wolfram Language provides state-of-the-art Boolean function transformation, minimization, elimination, satisfiability, and analysis, making possible verification, testing, and other applications involving hundreds to hundreds ...
- [Bounded Domain Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BoundedDomainDistributions.en.md): Bounded domain distributions naturally come up when random variables should only vary in a finite interval. Some distributions, like beta, occur in a variety of ways, including as order statistics of an underlying uniform distribution or as a model for fractions of some quantity. In general, any unbounded domain distribution can be made to have a bounded domain by using operations such as truncation.
- [Built-in Classifiers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BuiltInClassifiers.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a wide range of pre-trained classifiers that can be applied to text, images and more.
- [Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Calculus.en.md): In calculus even more than other areas, the Wolfram Language packs centuries of mathematical development into a small number of exceptionally powerful functions. Continually enhanced by new methods being discovered at Wolfram Research, the algorithms in the Wolfram Language probably now reach almost every integral and differential equation for which a closed form can be found.
- [Calling External Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CallingExternalPrograms.en.md): The Wolfram Language immediately allows you to call both standalone programs and individual functions or methods within running programs. The Wolfram Language's architecture allows external functionality to be represented in a symbolic form that can immediately be manipulated within the Wolfram Language--and that often makes access to external functionality from within the Wolfram Language more convenient even than from its own native environment.
- [Cell Groups and Outlining](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CellGroupsAndOutlining.en.md): The Wolfram System normally organizes the cells in a notebook automatically into hierarchical groups. Double-clicking lets you show only the heading cell of a group, or only a particular cell within a group--such as a graphic or the result of a computation.
- [Cell Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CellMenu.en.md): The Cell menu provides items that manipulate or transform entire cells.
- [Cell Styling Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CellStylingOptions.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides many options for styling the cells that appear in notebooks. Some of the more common styling options are available directly from the Format menu. All styling options can be accessed interactively from the Option Inspector, as well as programming through Style and related functions. Note that style options for contents of cells can also be specified at the level of complete cells.
- [Tokens Related to the Cell Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CellTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Channel-Based Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Channel-BasedCommunication.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports efficient publish-subscribe communication, brokered either in the Wolfram Cloud (through channelbroker-mqtt.wolframcloud.com) or elsewhere. Channels can be used for asynchronous communication, either between Wolfram Language sessions on the cloud or desktop, or with external systems (with data provided in a JSON format).
- [Character Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CharacterOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language has efficient systemwide 32-bit Unicode support, allowing a full range of international, technical, and other character sets and character encodings.
- [Characters for User Interfaces & Documentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CharactersForUserInterfacesAndDocumentation.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only allows you to insert arbitrary graphics into user interfaces, but also provides convenient characters that allow you immediately to build and document user interface features.
- [Charting and Information Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ChartingAndInformationVisualization.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture and dynamic interface make possible a uniquely flexible and convenient approach to charting and information visualization. With sophisticated automation made possible by its computational aesthetics methodology, the Wolfram Language lets you immediately take data and produce compelling dynamic visualizations in a wide variety of formats--both predefined and arbitrarily extensible.
- [Chart Labeling, Legending & Annotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ChartLabelingLegendingAndAnnotation.en.md): The Wolfram Language's integrated symbolic architecture makes possible a uniquely powerful and streamlined approach to labeling and legending, in which metadata can manually or programmatically be freely mixed with numerical data. The metadata can also attach arbitrary typeset, graphical, or interactive labels and legends to individual data elements, categories of data, and complete datasets.
- [Chart Styling & Layout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ChartLayoutAndStyling.en.md): From overall layout to details of particular features, the Wolfram Language allows broad manual and programmatic control of the appearance of charts--fully integrated with its symbolic representation of graphics, interactivity, and analysis. Drawing on its unique computational aesthetics technology and award-winning graphic design, the Wolfram Language makes it easy to achieve a level of chart styling that has in the past only been accessible through detailed hand rendering.
- [Chemical & Biomolecular Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ChemicalDataFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can import--and often export--standard formats used in chemistry, molecular biology and bioinformatics, routinely handling a full range of molecular types, as well as genome-sized datasets.
- [C/C++ Language Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CLanguageInterface.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports several levels of interfacing to C and C++ programs. You can call functions from C-compatible libraries directly from Wolfram Language. You can compile Wolfram Language code that calls C-compatible libraries into native machine code. You can create installable C programs where C functions are directly connected to Wolfram Language functions. You can use C to call the Wolfram Language through the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) and get full access to its ...
- [Classical Analysis and Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ClassicalAnalysisAndDesign.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a full suite of tools needed for the classical analysis and design of control systems, leveraging the Wolfram Language's hybrid symbolic-numeric arithmetic capabilities as well as high-quality visualization methods. Built-in frequency response analysis tools include Bode, Nyquist, and Nichols plots, as well as singular-value visualization.
- [Click-Interactive Panels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ClickInteractivePanels.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic representation of both graphics and controls makes it particularly easy to create click-interactive panels in which the user clicks or drags elements embedded in a fixed overall image.
- [Clipboard Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ClipboardOperations.en.md): The Wolfram System offers a variety of methods for accessing the system clipboard and clipboard-like operations. In addition to the traditional interactive methods for accessing the system clipboard, the clipboard can be altered and accessed from Wolfram Language programs.
- [Cloud Execution Metadata](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CloudExecutionMetadata.en.md): Within the Wolfram Cloud, the Wolfram Language provides rich access to available information about the user or process that has initiated the execution of code, making it convenient to set up location- and user-aware services.
- [Cloud Functions & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CloudFunctionsAndDeployment.en.md): The Wolfram Language is deeply integrated with the cloud, providing seamless persistent storage of code and data, cloud computation, and instant external deployment through active documents, APIs, forms, apps, etc.
- [Cloud Permissions Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CloudPermissionsControl.en.md): The Wolfram Language gives you detailed programmatic control over permissions for all operations associated with objects in the cloud.
- [Cluster Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ClusterAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language has broad support for non-hierarchical and hierarchical cluster analysis, allowing data that is similar to be clustered together. There is general support for all forms of data, including numerical, textual, and image data. The system implements efficient versions of both classic and modern machine learning-based clustering analysis methods.
- [Code Compilation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CodeCompilation.en.md): The Wolfram Language has advanced compilation capabilities that allow an increasingly wide range of Wolfram Language code to be compiled into native machine code. Advanced type inferencing allows types to be inferred automatically or specified in minimal ways by users. The Wolfram Compiler produces LLVM code and can generate executable code suitable not only for internal use by the Wolfram System, but also for linking into external programs.
- [Color Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ColorProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides convenient functions and algorithms for manipulating colors and color images, with full generality for arbitrary numbers of color channels.
- [Color Schemes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ColorSchemes.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a wide selection of carefully chosen color schemes that can immediately be used throughout the Wolfram Language graphics and visualization system.
- [Colors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Colors.en.md): Combining a new level of programmatic support for symbolic color with carefully chosen aesthetic color parametrizations, the Wolfram Language allows a uniquely flexible and compelling approach to color and transparency in graphics and all other forms of display.
- [Combinatorial Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CombinatorialFunctions.en.md): 
- [Combinatory Logic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CombinatoryLogic.en.md): Combinatory logic is a formal system, equivalent to \\[Lambda] calculus, that can express functions without the use of formal variables. Every term is a function and there is just one binary operation, application.
- [Combining Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CombiningGraphics.en.md): The symbolic character of Wolfram Language graphics makes it straightforward to combine together different graphics constructs, both for presentation and interactive behavior--and efficiently maintain a variety of types of constraints.
- [Compiled Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CompiledTypes.en.md): The Wolfram Compiler provides advanced compilation capabilities to process an increasingly wide range of Wolfram Language code into native machine code. A key part of this process is type inferencing. This uses minimal type annotations to determine types for entire functions and groups of functions.
- [Complex Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComplexNumbers.en.md): The Wolfram Language has fundamental support for both explicit complex numbers and symbolic complex variables. All applicable mathematical functions support arbitrary-precision evaluation for complex values of all parameters, and symbolic operations automatically treat complex variables with full generality.
- [Complex Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComplexVisualization.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides visualization functions for creating plots of complex-valued data and functions to provide insight about the behavior of the complex components. The plots make use of the full symbolic capabilities and automated aesthetics of the system.
- [Compression and Archive Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CompressionAndArchiveFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language automatically handles all standard compression and archive formats.
- [Computational Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalGeometry.en.md): The Wolfram Language's strengths in algebraic computation and graphics as well as numerics combine to bring unprecedented flexibility and power to geometric computation. Making extensive use of original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language's ability to represent and manipulate geometry symbolically allows it for the first time to fully integrate generation, analysis, and rendering of geometrical structures.
- [Computational Music](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalMusic.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows the user to perform symbolic computations about musical concepts. From importing to analyzing, processing and composing, the integration of the symbolic music functionality with the rest of the Wolfram Language turns music into something you can compute with, explore and transform as effortlessly as any symbolic expression.
- [Computational Photography](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalPhotography.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes various tools to import, manipulate, enhance, and combine digital images. Available image processing techniques for computational photography include tone mapping, exposure combination, and a lot more. Combining techniques specifically offered for this field with a comprehensive set of image processing and computer vision functions makes the language a resourceful companion in every phase of standard and advanced digital photography.
- [Computational Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalSystemsAndDiscovery.en.md): The Wolfram System is the tool that has made possible Stephen Wolfram's exploration of the computational universe, and the emerging field of Wolfram Science (NKS). Whether for modeling, algorithm discovery, or basic NKS, the Wolfram Language has immediate built-in capabilities for the systematic study of a broad range of computational systems.
- [Computation on Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationOnGraphs.en.md): The Wolfram System has extensive graph computation capabilities, including finding paths, cycles, and subgraphs based on connectivity to direct support for traversal-based programming.
- [Computation on Trees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationOnTrees.en.md): The Wolfram Language enables high-level functional programming using symbolic trees. Trees can be converted between different representations, and trees can be recursively constructed and traversed.
- [Computation with Structured Datasets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationWithStructuredDatasets.en.md): The symbolic character of the Wolfram Language allows it to support an unprecedentedly flexible and general approach to structured datasets. Unifying both relational (SQL-like) and hierarchical (no-SQL) approaches, the Wolfram Language incorporates a new kind of uniquely powerful data query language--with seamless scaling from direct in-memory computation to computations backed by external files or databases.
- [Computer Vision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputerVision.en.md): Using a variety of state-of-the-art methods, the Wolfram Language provides immediate functions for image identification and object detection and recognition, as well as feature extraction. The Wolfram Language supports specific geometrical features such as edges and corners, as well as general keypoints that can be used to register and compare images.
- [Concurrency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Concurrency.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides not only automatic parallelization capabilities, but also a full built-in symbolic language for specifying concurrent computation.
- [Conditionals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Conditionals.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic character allows a powerful unification of the notion of conditionals in programming and in mathematics.
- [Constructing Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ConstructingLists.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides powerful functions for constructing lists of any size and structure.
- [Constructing Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ConstructingMatrices.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a range of methods for representing and constructing matrices. Especially powerful are symbolic representations, in terms of symbolic systems of equations, symbolic sparse or banded matrices, and symbolic geometric transformations.
- [Continued Fractions & Rational Approximations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ContinuedFractionsAndRationalApproximations.en.md): Continued fractions can be thought of as an alternative to digit sequences for representing numbers, based on division rather than multiplication by a base. Studied occasionally for at least half a millennium, continued fractions have become increasingly important through their applications to dynamical systems theory and number theoretic algorithms. The Wolfram Language has highly efficient original algorithms for finding large numbers of terms in continued fractions, as well as for handling ...
- [Controlling Cell Grouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ControllingCellGrouping.en.md): Typical stylesheets make the Wolfram System automatically organize notebook cells into convenient groups. You can override this behavior, or control it in any way, using menu items, option settings, or from within a program.
- [Control Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ControlObjects.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a full range of control objects, all specified in convenient symbolic form. Manipulate uses many of these objects automatically; you can also use them directly as part of generalized input or in building your own dynamic interfaces.
- [Controls Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ControlsOptions.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic control objects include options that make it easy to optimize both appearance and functionality in arbitrarily sophisticated interfaces.
- [Control Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ControlSystems.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides an extensive suite of built-in functionality to carry out analysis, design, and simulation of continuous- and discrete-time control systems using both classical and modern techniques. Building on the Wolfram Language's proven symbolic architecture, state-space and transfer function models can be represented in symbolic as well as numeric form, yielding closed-form symbolic solutions where traditional tools only provide numerical answers. All built-in numerical ...
- [Converting between Expressions & Strings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ConvertingBetweenExpressionsAndStrings.en.md): Expressions in the Wolfram Language can be represented as strings in a variety of ways, for display, export, or processing. The Wolfram Language provides powerful functions for formatting expressions as strings, and for parsing strings to determine the expressions they represent.
- [Convex Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ConvexOptimization.en.md): Convex optimization is the problem of minimizing a convex function over convex constraints. It is a class of problems for which there are fast and robust optimization algorithms, both in theory and in practice. Following the pattern for linear optimization, ever-wider classes of problems are being identified to be in this class in a wide variety of domains, such as statistics, finance, signal processing, geometry and many more. The new classification of optimization problems is now convex and ...
- [Cookie Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CookieManagement.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a flexible system for managing cookies in HTTP requests. Each cookie is represented by a Wolfram Language association, and its properties (such as expiration date) are stored in computable form.
- [Creating & Importing Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CreatingAndImportingImages.en.md): Images from a variety of sources such as data, files, or cameras are easily accessible through powerful capabilities built into the Wolfram Language, which can be used both interactively and through programs.
- [Creating & Importing Signals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CreatingAndImportingSignals.en.md): Signals may be captured live from sensors, instruments and data feeds, stored in files and databases and generated from simulated models and processes.
- [Creating Instant APIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CreatingAnInstantAPI.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for creating and deploying APIs on the web and elsewhere.
- [Creating Form Interfaces & Apps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CreatingFormsAndApps.en.md): The Wolfram Language has sophisticated capabilities for setting up forms to run either within the native notebook interface, on the web, or in mobile apps accessed from the Wolfram Cloud app.
- [Creating Inspectors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CreatingInspectors.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture and dynamic object mechanism makes possible a uniquely flexible form of direct-manipulation inspector, in which an arbitrary interface can immediately be set up to view or change any interface value, option, or other attribute of any expression, graphic, or document.
- [Creating Web Pages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CreatingWebPages.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports industrial-strength automatic creation of full-featured web pages. The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture allows you to build up linked web page contents as symbolic expressions using the full power of the Wolfram Language, then immediately export them as graphics, animation, sound, or full active web documents.
- [Cryptographic Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CryptographicNumberTheory.en.md): The Wolfram Language's extensive base of state-of-the-art algorithms and efficient handling of very long integers make it uniquely suited to both research and implementation of cryptographic number theory.
- [Cryptography](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Cryptography.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes built-in functions for both symmetric (private-key) and asymmetric (public-key) cryptography, including RSA, elliptic curve and other methods.
- [Cultural Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CulturalData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in access to extensive cultural data in computable form. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Currency, Units, and Special Notations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CurrencyUnitsAndSpecialNotations.en.md): The Wolfram Language conveniently handles currency and unit characters, supporting both native keyboard entry and explicit special character specifications.
- [Curve Fitting & Approximate Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CurveFittingAndApproximateFunctions.en.md): Built into the Wolfram Language are state-of-the-art constrained nonlinear fitting capabilities, conveniently accessed with models given directly in symbolic form. The Wolfram Language also supports unique symbolic interpolating functions that can immediately be used throughout the system to efficiently represent approximate numerical functions.
- [Custom Interface Construction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/CustomInterfaceConstruction.en.md): For many applications, high-level constructs like Manipulate and TabView will immediately give you the dynamic interactivity you need. The Wolfram Language also allows you to create your own sophisticated custom interfaces, using its uniquely straightforward symbolic interface-building technology.
- [Database Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DatabaseConnectivity.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes powerful capabilities for working with many types of external databases, including relational (SQL), object store (NoSQL) and triple store (RDF/SPARQL). Wolfram Language entity stores are also closely integrated with relational databases, allowing many analysis operations specified in the Wolfram Language to be automatically executed in external relational databases.
- [Database-Like Operations on Datasets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DatabaseLikeOperationsOnDatasets.en.md): Wolfram Language Dataset objects allow arbitrary hierarchical data on which a rich set of possible operations can be applied. Dataset objects can also directly represent traditional relational databases, on which Wolfram Language functions can be used to perform traditional SQL-like operations.
- [Data Parallelism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DataParallelism.en.md): The functional and list-oriented characteristics of the Wolfram Language allow it to provide immediate built-in data parallelism, automatically distributing computations across available computers and processor cores.
- [Data Structures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DataStructures.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides support for a number of key data structures that are important for various types of processing. They are implemented with the Wolfram Compiler and readily integrate with compiled code.
- [Data Transforms and Smoothing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DataTransformsAndSmoothing.en.md): Directly integrated into the Wolfram Language's uniform architecture for handling lists of data is an array of highly optimized algorithms for transforming and smoothing datasets that can routinely involve millions of elements.
- [Data Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DataVisualization.en.md): Using a host of original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language provides powerful functions that automate the process of creating cognitively and aesthetically compelling representations of structured and unstructured data--not only for points, lines, and surfaces, but also for graphs and networks.
- [Date & Time](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DateAndTime.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a highly flexible system for representing dates and times symbolically and performing computations on them. It can also input and output dates and times in a wide range of formats, as well as handle all standard calendars.
- [Date & Time Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DateAndTimeVisualization.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a variety of functions for visualizing data with dates and times. The plotting functions are highly flexible, allowing the dates and times to be input in a number of representations that are automatically interpreted. Plots use the full power of the Wolfram Language data visualization functions and features to be both endlessly customizable and easy to use.
- [Defining Custom Notation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DefiningCustomNotation.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture allows arbitrary extensibility in the output and input of notation.
- [Delay Control Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DelayControlSystems.en.md): Time delays are common in a variety of systems, often caused by communication lags, material transport, delayed sensing, etc. Time delays can cause instabilities and are generally harder to control unless compensated for. The Wolfram Language makes it easy to model and simulate delay systems by using a delay operator for either transfer function or state-space models. By either approximating delays or compensating for them, the full suite of design tools can be used for delay control systems.
- [Derived Statistical Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DerivedDistributions.en.md): Derived distributions are modifications to existing distributions. There is a variety of ways in which you can arrive at modified distributions, including functions of random variables, weighted mixtures of distributions, truncated or censored distributions, marginals from higher-dimensional distributions, or joining marginals to a dependency kernel, as in copulas. Derived distributions behave just like any other distribution in the Wolfram Language. You can compute several dozen properties, ...
- [Derived Random Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DerivedRandomProcesses.en.md): Derived random processes are specified from distributions or other processes. Derived processes have more flexible behaviors and can adapt to a variety of applications. Derived processes behave just like any other random processes in the Wolfram Language. You can simulate and compute slice distributions, moment functions, etc.
- [Derived Geometric Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DerivedRegions.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides several ways of deriving new regions from existing ones, including combining them through Boolean operations and transforming them through a mapping.
- [Descriptive Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DescriptiveStatistics.en.md): The Wolfram Language's descriptive statistics functions operate both on explicit data and on symbolic representations of statistical distributions. When operating on explicit data, the functions routinely handle huge datasets, which can contain not only numbers but also symbolic elements representing, for example, parametrized or unknown data.
- [Descriptor Control Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DescriptorControlSystems.en.md): Descriptor state-space models can include both dynamic and algebraic equations, as is common in electrical circuits or constrained mechanical systems. This makes modeling easier and allows for more general systems. Wolfram Language descriptor state-space models generalize the full suite of modeling, analysis, and design functionality supported by standard state-space models.
- [Design Using State-Space Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DesignUsingStateSpaceModels.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides powerful functions to compute state-feedback and estimator gains using pole-placement or optimal techniques. In addition, it has functions that directly assemble regulator and estimator models based on design specifications or precomputed gains.
- [Dialog Boxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DialogBoxes.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture makes it incredibly easy to create dialog boxes that range from the straightforward to the highly elaborate and customized. Every dialog box is a notebook with arbitrary layout and styling, in which arbitrary actions defined by Wolfram Language programs can immediately be applied through the Dynamic mechanism.
- [Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DifferentialEquations.en.md): Automatically selecting between hundreds of powerful and in many cases original algorithms, the Wolfram Language provides both numerical and symbolic solving of differential equations (ODEs, PDEs, DAEs, DDEs, ...). With equations conveniently specified symbolically, the Wolfram Language uses both its rich set of special functions and its unique symbolic interpolating functions to represent solutions in forms that can immediately be manipulated or visualized.
- [Differential Equations with Events](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DifferentialEquationsWithEvents.en.md): Differential equations with actions at discrete events are used to model piecewise differential equations with jump discontinuities, or impacts and collisions such as a bouncing ball. They can also model hybrid systems with both continuous and discrete dynamics. The discrete dynamics can come from sampled or digital processes, such as a digital controller controlling a continuous process, or the discrete dynamics can represent modes such as a chemical reactor following a recipe. The Wolfram ...
- [Differential Operators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DifferentialOperators.en.md): The Wolfram Language's approach to differential operators provides both an elegant and a convenient representation of mathematical structures, and an immediate framework for strong algorithmic computation. With breakthrough methods developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language can perform direct symbolic manipulations on objects that represent solutions to differential equations.
- [Diophantine Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiophantineEquations.en.md): Although Diophantine equations provide classic examples of undecidability, the Wolfram Language in practice succeeds in solving a remarkably wide range of such equations--automatically applying dozens of often original methods, many based on the latest advances in number theory.
- [Direct Control of External Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DirectControlOfExternalProcesses.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to start and control external processes within the operating system, and exchange data with them through streams.
- [Directories & Directory Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DirectoriesAndDirectoryOperations.en.md): 
- [Discrete & Integer Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteAndIntegerData.en.md): Integrated into the Wolfram Language are powerful functions for analyzing large volumes of discrete and integer data--often conveniently specified using the Wolfram Language's uniquely flexible pattern language.
- [Discrete Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteCalculus.en.md): Discrete calculus is the calculus of sequences, a.k.a. discrete time signals. Discrete calculus is the foundation for continuous calculus and used to derive numerical algorithms for it. It is the calculus used for discrete-time signal processing, discrete-time control systems and digital image processing. It is also a calculus used for combinatorics, discrete probability, finance and analysis of algorithms. The Wolfram Language provides extensive coverage of discrete calculus and its ...
- [Discrete Mathematics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteMathematics.en.md): The Wolfram Language has been used to make many important discoveries in discrete mathematics over the past two decades. Its integration of highly efficient and often original algorithms together with its high-level symbolic language has made it a unique environment for the exploration, development, and application of discrete mathematics.
- [Discrete Univariate Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteUnivariateDistributions.en.md): Discrete distributions come from a variety of backgrounds, but perhaps the most common relate back to the simple Bernoulli trial, which chooses between two outcomes, called success and failure here, whether you count the number of successes, the number of failures until first success, the number of failures until n^th success, and so on. Other important origins are urn models with different sampling and replacement scenarios. Others are limit distributions of various kinds of processes.
- [Display of Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DisplayOfNumbers.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides flexible mechanisms for full typeset formatting of numbers of any magnitude and precision, to optimize readability, portability and external compatibility.
- [Distance and Similarity Measures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DistanceAndSimilarityMeasures.en.md): Different measures of distance or similarity are convenient for different types of analysis. The Wolfram Language provides built-in functions for many standard distance measures, as well as the capability to give a symbolic definition for an arbitrary measure.
- [Distributions in Communication Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DistributionsInCommunicationSystems.en.md): There are many types of distributions that are relevant for communication systems. In telecom, for instance, exponential and Erlang distributions modeling talk lengths are typically used to size telecom infrastructure. For wireless communication, one often has to model the interface between transmitter and mobile, even though there can be many obstacles between the two.
- [Distributions Used in Actuarial Science](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DistributionsUsedInActuarialScience.en.md): Actuarial science is in some ways older than probability and statistics itself and was in many ways instrumental in the development of probability and statistics. One of the earliest applications is to life distributions or mortality laws, in order to be able to determine life insurance fees. But there are many more uses, including claim frequency and claim size distributions.
- [Distributions in Reliability Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DistributionsUsedInReliabilityAnalysis.en.md): The fundamental type of distribution in reliability analysis is a lifetime distribution. This models the lifetime of a component or a system. Many lifetime distributions are related to extreme values, e.g. the system stops working when the first component breaks, as in a series connection, or the system stops working when the last component breaks, as in a parallel connection.
- [Document Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DocumentFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can generate many types of high-quality formatted documents directly from symbolic notebook expressions, with either automatic styling or detailed control and templating. The Wolfram Language can also import formatted documents, either converting to symbolic notebook form or importing as plain text or data.
- [Notebook Document Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DocumentGeneration.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic document paradigm makes it uniquely easy to create complex structured documents programmatically, including both graphical elements and dynamic interactivity.
- [Dynamic Graphics Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DynamicGraphicsElements.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture makes it straightforward to insert dynamic behavior anywhere in any graphic. Single functions--readily generated programmatically--define the most common annotations and drill-downs, and integration with the full Wolfram Language allows arbitrarily complex behaviors to be defined.
- [Dynamic Interactivity Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DynamicInteractivityLanguage.en.md): Fundamental to the Wolfram Language's dynamic interactivity capabilities is a new form of symbolic dynamic language. With a very small number of highly powerful primitives that mix freely with other language constructs, you can write a program in a direct symbolic style, and the Wolfram Language will automatically track dependencies to make controls and output of any kind update dynamically.
- [Dynamic Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DynamicVisualization.en.md): Building on the Wolfram Language's integrated symbolic architecture, it becomes easy to introduce powerful dynamic behavior into any aspect of visualization. Single Wolfram Language symbolic functions are all it takes to set up full interactive parameter explorations, animations, dynamic annotation, or drill-down information viewers.
- [Earth Sciences: Data & Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EarthSciencesDataAndComputation.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides seamless access to the curated and continuously updated Wolfram Knowledgebase used in Wolfram|Alpha--which includes a wide range of types of data for the earth sciences. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Edit Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EditMenu.en.md): The Edit menu provides items that allow you to perform various editing and selection operations on text and typesetting.
- [Tokens Related to the Edit Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EditTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Electromagnetic PDEs and Boundary Conditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ElectromagneticPDEModels.en.md): Electromagnetics is the field of physics that models electrical and magnetic fields and their interaction.
- [Elementary Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ElementaryFunctions.en.md): Using the latest platform-optimized code, the Wolfram Language not only delivers high-efficiency machine-precision evaluation of elementary functions, but also--using a number of original algorithms--provides the world's fastest arbitrary-precision evaluation. A sophisticated web of symbolic functions and transformations allows the Wolfram Language to perform exact numerical and algebraic operations on elementary functions--effortlessly obtaining results that in the past would have been viewed ...
- [Elements of Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ElementsOfLists.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a carefully chosen set of functions for accessing elements of lists using either indices or positions, or using patterns or criteria for their values.
- [Elliptic Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EllipticFunctions.en.md): With careful standardization of argument conventions, the Wolfram Language provides full coverage of all standard types of elliptic functions, with arbitrary-precision numerical evaluation for complex values of all parameters, as well as extensive symbolic transformations and simplifications.
- [Elliptic Integrals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EllipticIntegrals.en.md): With careful standardization of argument conventions, the Wolfram Language provides full coverage of elliptic integrals, with arbitrary-precision numerical evaluation for complex values of all parameters, as well as extensive symbolic transformations and simplifications.
- [Engineering Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EngineeringData.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides seamless access to the curated and continuously updated Wolfram Knowledgebase, which includes a wide range of types of engineering data. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Alphabetical Listing of Entity Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EntityTypeAlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [Entity Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EntityTypes.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides access to curated, computable data about millions of entities across hundreds of entity types. Wolfram Language entities represent physical entities as well as mathematical and other scientific concepts, and can be accessed via natural language input or programmatically retrieved and incorporated into complex computations. Custom and dynamic entity types can also be introduced, from external entity stores, relational databases, etc.
- [Equation Solving](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EquationSolving.en.md): Built into the Wolfram Language is the world's largest collection of both numerical and symbolic equation solving capabilities--with many original algorithms, all automatically accessed through a small number of exceptionally powerful functions. The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture allows both equations and their solutions to be conveniently given in symbolic form, and immediately integrated into computations and visualizations.
- [Error and Exponential Integral Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ErrorAndExponentialIntegralFunctions.en.md): Using original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language evaluates error and exponential integral functions anywhere in the complex plane, to arbitrary precision--as well as supporting series expansions with careful attention to branch cuts, and an extensive web of symbolic transformations.
- [Evaluation Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EvaluationControl.en.md): The Wolfram Language normally takes any expression it is given, and evaluates it as far as possible. But built into the Wolfram Language is a collection of flexible primitives that allow finer control over the process of evaluation in cases where it is needed.
- [Evaluation Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EvaluationMenu.en.md): The Evaluation menu provides items to initiate and control the evaluation of selections, cells and dynamic objects.
- [Evaluation Options in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EvaluationOptionsInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to specify in detail what should happen when you press Shift+Enter to evaluate a cell in a notebook, or Ctrl+Shift+Enter to evaluate an expression in place.
- [Tokens Related to the Evaluation Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EvaluationTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Event Series Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EventSeries.en.md): Event series occur whenever you observe or compute events that happen in time, including natural event series (sunrise, eclipse, earthquake, ...), social event series (start of recession, financial crossover, crime, ...), technological event series (server call, car passing, disk failure, ...) and medical event series (start of REM sleep, atrial defibrillation, getting sick, ...). Event series provide the data model that makes it easy to clean, process, visualize and model event series data.
- [Exponential-Related Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ExponentialRelatedDistributions.en.md): Exponential and related distributions occur in a variety of contexts, such as reliability and communication. As such, a large number of extensions and variations of exponential distributions are frequently used.
- [Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Expressions.en.md): At the core of the Wolfram Language is the foundational idea that everything--data, programs, formulas, graphics, documents--can be represented as symbolic expressions. And it is this unifying concept that underlies the Wolfram Language's symbolic programming paradigm, and makes possible much of the unique power of the Wolfram Language and the Wolfram System.
- [Expression Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ExpressionStructure.en.md): A foundational idea in the Wolfram Language is that all expressions--whatever they may represent--ultimately have a uniform tree-like structure.
- [External Interpreted Language Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ExternalInterpretedLanguageInterfaces.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports immediate access to REPLs for external languages such as Python, JavaScript (Node.js), etc., as well as variants in which particular packages are preloaded. Once an external system is discovered or registered, ExternalEvaluate immediately calls the system, either in a one-shot mode or through a persistent session.
- [External Language Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ExternalLanguageInterfaces.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in support for common external languages, as well as flexible tools for creating interfaces to any external language or program.
- [External Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ExternalOperations.en.md): Tightly integrated into the Wolfram Language is a rich set of primitives for interacting with external environments. The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture makes possible powerful symbolic representations for external constructs and functionality--allowing immediate application of the Wolfram Language's sophisticated algorithms and advanced programming paradigms.
- [Extreme Value Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ExtremeValueDistributions.en.md): Just as normal and stable distributions are natural limit distributions when considering linear combinations such as means of independent variables, extreme value distributions are natural limit distributions when considering min and max operations of independent variables. They naturally occur in contexts such as reliability and risk where one often needs to consider the smallest or largest extremes of some quantity.
- [Feature Detection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FeatureDetection.en.md): Using a variety of state-of-the-art methods, the Wolfram Language provides immediate functions for detecting and extracting features in images and other arrays of data. The Wolfram Language supports specific geometrical features such as edges and corners, as well as general keypoints that can be used to register and compare images.
- [File Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FileMenu.en.md): The File menu provides operations to work with notebook files.
- [File Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FileOperations.en.md): In addition to a rich set of standard file operations, the Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture makes it easy to apply algorithmic approaches and efficient higher-level programming to many file and system administration tasks.
- [Files](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Files.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides convenient and efficient system-independent functions for handling file-related constructs at all levels.
- [Tokens Related to the File Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FileTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Financial Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Finance.en.md): The Wolfram Language has fully integrated support for many of the tools used in classical and modern finance. These capabilities include financial instrument valuation, advanced time value of money computations, and advanced financial charting with a library of technical indicators. The Wolfram Language also provides immediate access to a large array of financial and economic data, and contains financial import and export tools for working with external data.
- [Financial & Economic Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FinancialAndEconomicData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has immediate built-in access to current and historical financial and economic data.
- [Financial Indicators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FinancialIndicators.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a built-in library of a hundred financial indicators that are used to analyze the price movements of stocks, commodities, mutual funds, currency exchange rates, and other financial instruments. Indicators are used to smooth data, determine market trends, assess confidence in market prices, and determine likely ranges for future price movements. Financial indicators in the Wolfram Language are extremely flexible, using time periods and parameters chosen ...
- [Financial Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FinancialVisualization.en.md): Financial visualization is used to understand how the price of stocks, commodities, currencies, etc. changes over time. Candlesticks and related charts use stylized glyphs to represent multiple prices, such as open, high, low, and close prices. Trading charts add additional indicators to highlight different price signals, such as volume, trends, inertia, momentum, etc. Renko and related charts instead focus on the change in prices and compress time when there is little change. Wolfram Language ...
- [Finite Fields](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FiniteFields.en.md): Finite fields, also known as Galois fields, are used in algebraic computation, error-correcting codes, cryptography, combinatorics, algebraic geometry, number theory and finite geometry. The Wolfram Language provides a complete suite of functions for working with finite fields, along with state-of-the-art algorithms for polynomial computation, equation solving and matrix operations in such fields.
- [Finite Mathematics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FiniteMathematics.en.md): Finite mathematics refers to a collection of topics that are typically studied by students of business management, social sciences and the life sciences at the undergraduate level. The topics include elementary algebra, matrix computation, optimization, financial mathematics, probability and Markov chains. The Wolfram Language has a unique combination of powerful and friendly tools for mastering this subject in an enjoyable way, using graphical visualization, symbolic and numerical ...
- [Flow Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FlowControl.en.md): Traditional procedural programming languages typically require programmers to define an explicit flow of control at every stage in their programs. The Wolfram Language provides standard flow control primitives, with various symbolic extensions--though its higher-level programming paradigm usually frees programmers from having to specify the details of flow control.
- [Fluid Dynamics PDEs and Boundary Conditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FluidDynamicsPDEModels.en.md): Fluid dynamics is the field of physics that models fluid flow.
- [Font Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FontOptions.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows full control of fonts, not only in ordinary text but also in typeset structures, graphics, and user interface elements. All features of fonts can be accessed programmatically, using symbolic specifications.
- [Foreign Function Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ForeignFunctionInterface.en.md): The Foreign Function Interface (FFI) provides a powerful and simple way to connect external code to the Wolfram Language, enabling high-speed and memory-efficient execution. It does this by allowing C-compatible dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into the Wolfram Language kernel so that functions in the libraries can be immediately called from the Wolfram Language. The code required to connect to these libraries is entirely done in the Wolfram Language. This interface allows exchanging ...
- [Format Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FormatMenu.en.md): 
- [Tokens Related to the Format Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FormatTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Form Structure & Layout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FormStructureAndLayout.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides rich options for structuring and laying out single-page and multi-page forms.
- [Formula Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FormulaManipulation.en.md): The Wolfram Language handles formulas of all types, from polynomials with millions of terms to complex combinations of higher mathematical functions. It provides powerful general transformation and simplification functions that automatically call on thousands of rules and algorithms--many original to Wolfram Research.
- [Formulas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Formulas.en.md): The Wolfram System has direct programmatic access to an extensive selection of curated scientific and technical formulas. These formulas are suitable for immediate integration into Wolfram System computations.
- [Fourier Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FourierAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides broad coverage of both numeric and symbolic Fourier analysis, supporting all standard forms of Fourier transforms on data, functions, and sequences, in any number of dimensions, and with uniform coverage of multiple conventions.
- [Fractional Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FractionalCalculus.en.md): Fractional calculus generalizes the operations of differentiation and integration by unifying them into a single fractional derivative of arbitrary order. Fractional calculus is used in finance, engineering, science and other fields. The Wolfram Language provides tools for computing fractional derivatives using the Riemann-Liouville and Caputo definitions, as well as for using the popular Laplace transform technique to solve systems of linear fractional differential equations with constant ...
- [Free-Form & External Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FreeFormAndExternalInput.en.md): Building on the breakthrough natural language understanding capabilities of Wolfram|Alpha, the Wolfram Language has integrated features for accepting input in natural language and in other forms that require semantic understanding for interpretation. These features are important both in direct entry of Wolfram Language input and in calling on the Wolfram Language from APIs, forms, and other external and cloud constructs.
- [Front End Tokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FrontEndTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Functional Iteration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionalIteration.en.md): Long used in its simplest form in mathematics, functional iteration is an elegant way to represent repeated operations. The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture makes powerful general forms of functional iteration immediately accessible.
- [Functional Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionalProgramming.en.md): Functional programming is a highly developed and deeply integrated core feature of the Wolfram Language, made dramatically richer and more convenient through the symbolic nature of the language. Treating expressions like f[x] as both symbolic data and the application of a function f provides a uniquely powerful way to integrate structure and function--and an efficient, elegant representation of many common computations.
- [Function Composition & Operator Forms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionCompositionAndOperatorForms.en.md): The symbolic structure of the Wolfram Language makes it easy to create operators that can be composed and manipulated symbolically--forming pipelines of operations--and then applied to arguments. Some built-in functions also directly support a curried form, in which they can immediately be given as symbolic operators.
- [Properties of Mathematical Functions & Sequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionProperties.en.md): Function properties such as its domain, period or singularities give additional information about a function or sequence that can be used directly or inform other computations. Similarly, function properties such as its sign, monotonicity or continuity classify functions and enable the use of a whole web of theorems that are true for those classes. Both kinds of function properties can be computed for any expression formed by using special functions, making it easy and efficient to write ...
- [Functions for Separable Coordinate Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionsForSeparableCoordinateSystems.en.md): 
- [Functions of Complex Variables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionsOfComplexVariables.en.md): The Wolfram Language transparently works with complex variables throughout, not only numerically, but also symbolically--often relying on original results to handle intricate branch cut and other issues.
- [Functions Used in Optics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionsUsedInOptics.en.md): 
- [Functions Used in Quantum Mechanics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionsUsedInQuantumMechanics.en.md): 
- [Functions Used in Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionsUsedInStatistics.en.md): The Wolfram Language's sophisticated algorithms for handling higher mathematical functions to arbitrary precision--and in symbolic form--immediately brings a new level of accuracy--and analytical capability--to statistical computation.
- [Function Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionVisualization.en.md): Long the standard for high-quality function and surface visualization, the Wolfram Language incorporates a host of original numeric, symbolic, and geometric algorithms that automate the immediate creation of highly aesthetic and technically correct 2D and 3D visualizations.
- [Gamepad & Device Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GamepadAndDeviceInterface.en.md): As soon as you connect almost any kind of controller or input device to your computer, the Wolfram Language will immediately let you use it to control Manipulate, 3D graphics, etc. The Wolfram Language also provides a symbolic representation that makes it uniquely easy to incorporate support for sophisticated interface devices in any program.
- [Game Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GameTheory.en.md): Game theory is the mathematical study of how players act during a game. The final goal is to provide strategies that optimize the payoffs for all players in the game. Game theory is an important tool in economics, international relations, business management and other fields. The Wolfram Language provides functionality for studying both simultaneous games and sequential games. This includes dedicated functions for visualizing games, finding and verifying optimal strategies and computing the ...
- [Gamma Functions and Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GammaFunctionsAndRelatedFunctions.en.md): As the basis for many other special functions, the Wolfram Language supports efficient arbitrary-precision evaluation of gamma functions, as well as an extensive web of relations and transformations--many original to Wolfram Research.
- [Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Gauges.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a rich collection of gauges and meters for displaying information. Highly customizable built-in support for units and intelligent labeling make gauges in the Wolfram Language suitable for a range of tasks, from simple displays to complete dashboards. When combined with dynamic interactivity, gauges make excellent controls for Manipulate and other interfaces.
- [Generalized Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeneralizedFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic character allows it to handle generalized functions or distributions as a direct extension of classical mathematical functions, and to represent integrals and integral transforms that cannot be expressed in terms of continuous functions.
- [Generalized Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeneralizedInput.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unique structure allows a generalized notion of input, in which not only ordinary text, but also typeset structures, diagrams, graphics, control objects, and even complete user interfaces can be entered and immediately return values that have been associated with them.
- [Geodesy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Geodesy.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides state-of-the-art high-precision geodesy computation, supporting all standard datums and projections.
- [Geographic Data & Entities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeographicData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in access to extensive geographic data, including detailed worldwide maps and computable information on millions of geographic entities. Free-form linguistic input makes it easy to specify geographic entities and classes of entities (e.g. counties in Illinois). The Wolfram Language then provides an integrated symbolic representation for geographic constructs, together with detailed ontological classification and the ability to do sophisticated geodetic ...
- [Geometric Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeometricComputation.en.md): Geometric regions such as points, curves, surfaces, volumes, and their higher-dimensional analogs occur in a variety of contexts, including mathematics, engineering, science, computer games, and geography. The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated capabilities for creating, analyzing, solving over, and visualizing regions. Regions can be created by using common special regions, from formulas, as meshes of simple regions, and by combining or modifying existing regions. Regions can be ...
- [Region Properties and Measures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeometricPropertiesAndMeasures.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports a broad range of standard properties and measures for geometric regions, including point membership tests; integral measures such as length, area, volume, and centroid; or optimization measures such as nearest point or distance.
- [Solvers over Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeometricSolvers.en.md): The Wolfram Language deeply integrates regions into high-level solvers, including the ability to integrate or solve partial differential equations over regions, solve equations and inequalities with region constraints, or optimize over regions. The results can be either symbolic and exact or numeric and approximate.
- [Basic Geometric Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeometricSpecialRegions.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a rich collection of basic regions, ranging from simple triangles and infinite lines to general ellipsoids and conic hulls. Many basic regions are also defined for any dimension. Basic regions work just like any other region in the Wolfram Language and can be analyzed, used as input to solvers, or used as a building block to construct more complex regions.
- [Geometric Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeometricTransforms.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture and sophisticated mathematical capabilities allow it to take a uniquely high-level approach to geometric transformations--supporting complete geometric, matrix, and functional representations in any number of dimensions, whether for mechanical systems, computer graphics, or pure mathematics.
- [Geospatial Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeospatialFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can import common terrain elevation files and render them as topographic maps. It can also import geospatial information formats that combine layers of raster, vector, and textual information.
- [Geographic Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GeoVisualization.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides geographic visualization functions to create maps from many types of data. Geo locations can be given as arbitrary geo positions or as geo entities in the Wolfram Knowledgebase. The plots make use of the full range of features of geo graphics, including projections, backgrounds and general styling.
- [Global Computation Settings & Parameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GlobalComputationSettingsAndParameters.en.md): The Wolfram Language is built to handle arbitrarily large computations--limited only by computer time and memory--and provides a collection of convenient global safety features to prevent programs from going out of control.
- [GPU Computing with Apple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GPUComputing-Apple.en.md): GPU computing has become ubiquitous in many areas, ranging from scientific computing and machine learning to games and many more. GPUs provide a parallel processing model that makes it possible to accelerate computations significantly and to handle large datasets efficiently, leading to faster and more powerful processing capabilities. With its GPU-aware array framework, high-level functions and powerful compiler, the Wolfram Language offers state-of-the-art functionality designed to leverage ...
- [GPU Computing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GPUComputing.en.md): GPU computing has become ubiquitous in many areas, ranging from scientific computing and machine learning to games and many more. GPUs provide a parallel processing model that makes it possible to accelerate computations significantly and to handle large datasets efficiently, leading to faster and more powerful processing capabilities. With its GPU-aware array framework, high-level functions and powerful compiler, the Wolfram Language offers state-of-the-art functionality designed to leverage ...
- [GPU Computing with NVIDIA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GPUComputing-NVIDIA.en.md): GPU computing has become ubiquitous in many areas, ranging from scientific computing and machine learning to games and many more. GPUs provide a parallel processing model that makes it possible to accelerate computations significantly and to handle large datasets efficiently, leading to faster and more powerful processing capabilities. With its GPU-aware array framework, high-level functions and powerful compiler, the Wolfram Language offers state-of-the-art functionality designed to leverage ...
- [GPU Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GPUProgramming.en.md): With the Wolfram Language, the enormous parallel processing power of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) can be used from an integrated built-in interface. Incorporating GPU technology into the Wolfram Language allows high-performance solutions to be developed in many areas, such as financial simulation, image processing and modeling. GPU program creation and deployment is fully integrated with the Wolfram Language's high-level development tools and this gives a productivity boost to move from ...
- [Graph Annotations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphAnnotations.en.md): Graph annotations, also known as attributes, are used to set and store values associated with vertices, edges and the graph itself. Standard annotations typically related to styles, labels and weights extended the graph-modeling capabilities and are handled automatically by all graph-related functions. User-defined annotations allow for many further extensions of graph modeling.
- [Graph Covers and Independent Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphCliquesCoversAndIndependentSets.en.md): A typical graph problem is that of matching different items, such as dates between men and women given preferences or teachers and courses with different preferences. These are all examples of maximum independent edge problems. Similar resource allocation problems are related to all the cover and independent set problems.
- [Graph Components and Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphComponents.en.md): A graph may not be fully connected. For instance, only about 25% of the web graph is estimated to be in the largest strongly connected component. Another 25% is estimated to be in the in-component and 25% in the out-component of the strongly connected core. The remaining 25% is made up of smaller isolated components. For social graphs, one is often interested in k-core components that indicate groups of people that are connected in a limited way.
- [Graph Construction & Representation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphConstructionAndRepresentation.en.md): Graphs are first-class citizens in the Wolfram Language and can be used as input, output, in programs, and in documents. Undirected and directed graphs are treated uniformly and support a number of standard properties for vertices and edges. Importantly, graphs also support custom properties for modeling or computational flexibility. Graphs can be converted to a number of different representations, including matrices. Graphs can be exported with high fidelity to numerous file formats. Graphs ...
- [Graphics Annotation & Appearance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsAnnotationAndAppearance.en.md): The Wolfram Language's graphics language is carefully designed to make it easy to control--both manually and programmatically--the detailed appearance and labeling of graphics, while automatically maintaining aesthetic integrity.
- [Graphics Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsCoordinates.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports a variety of coordinate systems, organized for ease and efficiency of both direct and programmatic use. It supports convenient robust automatic range and scaling computation, as well as mechanisms for explicit detailed placement specification.
- [Graphics Directives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsDirectives.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you detailed control over the way that graphics objects are rendered. The combination of sequentially-acting graphics directives, together with hierarchical style specifications, makes possible succinct descriptions of complex graphical scenes.
- [Graphics Importing & Exporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsImportingAndExporting.en.md): The Wolfram Language can immediately export graphics and animations to online, print, and web formats, preserving dynamic annotation when possible. The Wolfram Language also has powerful capabilities for importing graphics, geometry, and other formats--immediately translating to a variety of fully integrated symbolic forms.
- [Graphics Interactivity & Drawing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsInteractivityAndDrawing.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic graphics architecture makes possible powerful mixing of programmatic graphics generation with interactive editing and control. Adding a canvas provides a drawing surface that invokes attached drawing tools when selected.
- [Graphics Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsMenu.en.md): The Graphics menu provides operations to work with graphics and graphic components.
- [Graphics Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsObjects.en.md): At the core of the Wolfram Language's graphics language are geometrical objects, represented succinctly and efficiently by simple symbolic constructs--to which all of the Wolfram Language's powerful symbolic programming capabilities can immediately be applied.
- [Graphics Options & Styling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsOptionsAndStyling.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides hundreds of options to control every aspect of the construction and styling of graphics. The options are carefully designed to be both flexible and powerful, and to fit in with the Wolfram Language's sophisticated built-in algorithms for aesthetic optimization.
- [Graphics Shape & Size](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsShapeAndSize.en.md): Of particular importance in handling high-throughput programmatic graphics are the Wolfram Language's sophisticated mechanisms for controlling graphics size and shape--allowing immediate aesthetically optimized integration into complex documents, user interfaces and information displays.
- [Graphics Styling in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsStylingInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows graphics to appear anywhere in notebooks, including inline in text or other expressions. You can specify how the graphics should be placed and rendered, and you can immediately modify any graphics option in place, or programmatically define it centrally in a stylesheet.
- [Graphics Transformations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphicsTransformations.en.md): 
- [Graph Layouts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphLayouts.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a wide range of graph layouts.
- [Graph Measures & Metrics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphMeasures.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports a broad range of measures that characterize graphs, from simple measures, such as the number of vertices and edges that tell the size and sparsity of a graph, to vertex degrees, which tell how locally well-connected each vertex is. Other measures include the geodesic distances in a graph or centrality measures that give a measure of how central in the overall graph each vertex is; for example, PageRank and HITS are measures used to order web page importance as ...
- [Graph Operations and Modifications](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphModifications.en.md): A graph with a certain property can often be built starting from another graph. They may be a subgraph of a larger graph, they can be incrementally modified by deleting or adding elements, or they can be built by combining multiple graphs using Boolean operations. The Wolfram Language provides an extensive collection of functions for producing new graphs from old.
- [Paths, Cycles, and Flows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphPathsCyclesAndFlows.en.md): One of the key problems in graphs is navigation. In particular, the problem is finding the shortest path between two vertices, whether that is finding the way out of a maze or navigating a road network. The lengths of the shortest paths give rise to a whole collection of natural measures such as the diameter of a graph. If instead of navigating from one vertex to another you would like to traverse the whole graph in some way, you are looking for cycles. Eulerian and Hamiltonian cycles provide ...
- [Graph Predicates and Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphPredicates.en.md): Many algorithms and procedures require graphs with certain properties. These can be basic properties, such as being undirected, or deeper topology properties, such as being connected or acyclic. In some areas, a key problem is to decide whether two graphs are the same if the vertex names are replaced, i.e. to test whether they are isomorphic.
- [Graph Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphProgramming.en.md): By providing a completely extensible set of vertex and edge properties, you can make graphs represent much more than the structural information embodied in their topology. For instance, vertices could contain dynamic system models and edges could contain signals, and the graph could then represent a block-diagram model. The vertex and edge properties can also be used to store the state when scanning the graph in a depth-first or breadth-first manner as used by many graph algorithms. But the ...
- [Graph Properties & Measurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphPropertiesAndMeasurements.en.md): Many algorithms and procedures require graphs with certain properties. These can be basic properties, such as being undirected, or deeper topology properties, such as being connected or acyclic. In some areas, a key problem is to decide whether two graphs are the same if the vertex names are replaced, i.e. to test whether they are isomorphic.
- [Graph Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphProperties.en.md): Graph properties, also known as attributes, are used to set and store values associated with vertices, edges and the graph itself. Standard properties typically related to styles, labels and weights extended the graph-modeling capabilities and are handled automatically by all graph-related functions. User-defined properties allow for many further extensions of graph modeling.
- [Graphs and Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphsAndMatrices.en.md): Matrix representations of graphs go back a long time and are still in some areas the only way to represent graphs. Adjacency matrices represent adjacent vertices and incidence matrix vertex-edge incidences. Both are fully capable of representing undirected and directed graphs. Matrix representations provide a bridge to linear algebra-based algorithms for graph computation.
- [Graphs & Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphsAndNetworks.en.md): Graphs and networks are all around us, including technological networks (the internet, power grids, communication networks, transportation networks, ...), social networks (social graphs, affiliation networks, ...), information networks (World Wide Web, citation graphs, patent networks, ...), biological networks (biochemical networks, neural networks, food webs, ...), and many more. Graphs provide a structural model that makes it possible to analyze and understand how many separate systems act ...
- [Graph Styling, Labeling, and Layout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphStylingAndLabeling.en.md): Graphs provide great information visualization. Highlighting graph elements will let information stand out. By using algorithmic graph layouts, much of the structure in a graph will be self-evident, such as connected components. By attaching interactive effects to graph elements, you can provide information drill-down. The Wolfram Language provides extensive collections of carefully designed graph styles, highlight styles, and layout algorithms. The Wolfram Language provides in-depth support ...
- [Graph Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GraphVisualization.en.md): Graphs provide great information visualization. Highlighting graph elements will let information stand out. By using algorithmic graph layouts, much of the structure in a graph will be self-evident, such as connected components. By attaching interactive effects to graph elements, you can provide information drill-down. The Wolfram Language provides extensive collections of carefully designed graph styles, highlight styles, and layout algorithms. The Wolfram Language provides in-depth support ...
- [Greek Letters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GreekLetters.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows Greek letters to be fully integrated into symbol names, strings, and graphics--and to be entered from palettes or using keyboard shortcuts. The Wolfram System includes rendering of both ordinary and variant Greek letters in all its standard fonts.
- [Grids & Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GridsAndTables.en.md): Built into the Wolfram Language is a uniquely flexible and concise language for creating 1D and 2D layouts--from simple tables to the most elaborate information displays and user interfaces. The Wolfram Language provides both automatic aesthetic choice and detailed control. Its symbolic architecture allows direct programmatic specification of every aspect of layout, both static and dynamic.
- [Group Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/GroupTheory.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers a coherent collection of algorithms and data structures for working with permutation groups. Building upon the Wolfram Language's proven symbolic architecture, permutations can operate on group-theoretical data structures, as well as on arbitrary symbolic Wolfram Language expressions. State-of-the-art algorithms enable the efficient manipulation of very large groups. Commonly used groups are conveniently represented as built-in objects.
- [Handling Arrays of Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HandlingArraysOfData.en.md): The Wolfram Language routinely handles huge arrays of numeric, symbolic, textual, or any other data, with any dimension or structure. Arrays are fully integrated into the Wolfram Language, making possible extremely high-level array operations that are both elegant and efficient.
- [Handling Live Mailboxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HandlingLiveMailboxes.en.md): The Wolfram Language lets you manipulate mail in live mailboxes--searching, flagging, moving, deleting, etc. Within the Wolfram Language, mail folders and mail messages are represented by symbolic objects on which commands can be executed.
- [Heat Transfer PDEs and Boundary Conditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HeatTransferPDEModels.en.md): Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that is concerned with the movement of energy. The driving force behind a heat transfer is temperature differences.
- [Heavy Tail Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HeavyTailDistributions.en.md): Heavy tail means that there is a larger probability of getting very large values. So heavy tail distributions typically represent wild as opposed to mild randomness. An increasing variety of outcomes is being identified to have heavy tail distributions, including income distributions, financial returns, insurance payouts, reference links on the web, etc. A particular subclass of heavy tail distributions is power-laws, which means that the PDF is a power. A technical difficulty is that not all ...
- [Help Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HelpMenu.en.md): The Help menu provides access to documentation and other informational content.
- [Tokens Related to the Help Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HelpTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Heun and Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HeunAndRelatedFunctions.en.md): Heun functions are direct generalizations of hypergeometric functions and occur in quantum mechanics, mathematical physics and other applications. The Wolfram Language provides full coverage of the Heun functions and their derivatives, with arbitrary-precision numerical evaluation for complex values of all parameters, as well as symbolic transformations and simplifications.
- [High-Dimensional Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HighDimensionalVisualization.en.md): High-dimensional data has many values for each data point and occurs frequently, including scientific data where lots of attributes are measured; engineering data capturing multiple sensor readings; and business data tracking different process metrics. Whether data comes from spreadsheets, databases or APIs, visualizing it collectively allows you to see overall patterns and trends between the various components.
- [How tos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HowToTopics.en.md): A How to describes how to carry out particular tasks with the Wolfram Language, giving step-by-step instructions for common cases.
- [HTTP Requests & Responses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HTTPRequestsAndResponses.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides detailed control over HTTP requests and responses, based on symbolic representations of the requests and responses.
- [Hyperbolic Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HyperbolicFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports hyperbolic functions everywhere in the complex plane--with careful attention to branch cuts--and provides an extensive web of exact and algebraic transformations, together with efficient arbitrary-precision numerical evaluation.
- [Hypergeometric Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HypergeometricFunctions.en.md): Hundreds of thousands of mathematical results derived at Wolfram Research give the Wolfram Language unprecedented strength in the transformation and simplification of hypergeometric functions. This allows hypergeometric functions for the first time to take their place as a practical nexus between many special functions--and makes possible a major new level of algorithmic calculus.
- [Hypothesis Tests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/HypothesisTests.en.md): Hypothesis tests give quantitative answers to common questions, such as how good the fit is between data and a particular distribution, whether these distributions have the same mean or median, and whether these datasets have the same variability. The Wolfram Language provides high-level functions for these types of questions and will automatically select the tests applicable for the data and distributions given. The high-level functions typically run more than one test and are able to produce ...
- [Image Composition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageComposition.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes various image compositing and digital composition techniques, from simple image arithmetic to various modes of alpha compositing. A variety of algorithms in the fields of segmentation, filtering, and feature extraction are also built into the Wolfram Language and can be used to generate different layers of composition.
- [Image Computation for Microscopy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageComputationForMicroscopy.en.md): Microscope image processing deals with the acquisition, enhancement, visualization and analysis of images generated by a wide variety of microscope technologies. Microscopy is used in manufacturing, life sciences, geosciences, materials sciences and more. Automated and interactive processing of microscope data can lead to more vivid and informative images and yields quantitative measurements. The Wolfram Language provides extensive support for acquiring and accessing microscope data and ...
- [Image Computation: Update History](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageComputation-UpdateHistory.en.md): A list of new and updated features in image processing, analysis and computation.
- [Image Filtering & Neighborhood Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageFilteringAndNeighborhoodProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only includes highly optimized implementations of standard image processing filters, but also uses its general symbolic architecture to allow arbitrarily sophisticated filtering and neighborhood processing strategies to be set up using the full mathematical and algorithmic power of the Wolfram Language.
- [Geometric Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageGeometry.en.md): Geometric operations applied to images are typically used to transform an image and align it with another image for reconstruction or comparison, to line up features for stitching or to simply create an effect such as morphing. The Wolfram Language supports basic as well as highly sophisticated functions for manipulating image geometry, including state-of-the-art image transformation discovery capabilities.
- [Image Processing & Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides broad and deep built-in support for both programmatic and interactive modern industrial-strength image processing--fully integrated with the Wolfram Language's powerful mathematical and algorithmic capabilities. The Wolfram Language's unique symbolic architecture and notebook paradigm allow images in visual form to be included and manipulated directly, both interactively and in programs.
- [Image Representation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageRepresentation.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture allows a unique representation and treatment of images in both programs and documents. The Wolfram Language supports images with arbitrary numbers of channels and arbitrary color depths, and with a full range of internal data types either specified explicitly or chosen automatically.
- [Image Restoration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageRestoration.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only includes highly optimized implementations of standard image restoration filters, but also provides sophisticated functions and algorithms allowing retouching, denoising, and deblurring images using state-of-the-art techniques.
- [Importing & Exporting Database Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImportingAndExportingDatabaseFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can export tables of numerical and textual data to all common database file formats. It can also import from database formats to give Wolfram Language arrays and metadata in various forms.
- [Importing and Exporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImportingAndExporting.en.md): The Wolfram Language automatically handles hundreds of data formats and subformats--all coherently integrated through the Wolfram Language's uniform use of symbolic expressions. For each particular format, the correspondence between representations inside and outside the Wolfram Language can be specified at any level of detail using the Wolfram Language's general data elements mechanism.
- [Importing & Exporting in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImportingAndExportingInNotebooks.en.md): The symbolic architecture of Wolfram System notebooks allows immediate interoperability with a wide range of document, web, graphics, and other formats. The Wolfram System automatically performs Copy/Paste and Open/Save conversions, as well as providing full programmatic access to hundreds of import/export formats.
- [Incrementals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Incrementals.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports various incremental objects that can return values one at a time.
- [Inequalities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Inequalities.en.md): The Wolfram Language uses a large number of original algorithms to provide automatic systemwide support for inequalities and inequality constraints. Whereas equations can often be solved in terms of numbers, even representing solution sets for inequalities is only made possible by the Wolfram Language's symbolic capabilities.
- [Initialization & Provisioning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InitializationAndProvisioning.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows persistent storage of information about how new sessions should be initialized. The persistent storage uses the general persistent value mechanism, and can be specific to a user, a machine, an installation or more.
- [Insert Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InsertMenu.en.md): The Insert menu provides items for inserting various kinds of content into a notebook.
- [Tokens Related to the Insert Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InsertTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Installable WSTP Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InstallableWSTPPrograms.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a convenient way to call functions in external C and other programs. With a .tm template specifying Wolfram Language functions corresponding to each C function, you build a WSTP-installable binary using mprep or mcc. You can exchange not only C-like data types such as integers, reals, arrays, and strings, but also arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions.
- [Integer Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IntegerFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language contains hundreds of original algorithms for computing integer functions involving integers of any size.
- [Integer Sequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IntegerSequences.en.md): The symbolic character of the Wolfram Language makes possible a uniquely coherent approach to integer sequences, integrating functional forms, equations, generating functions, and explicit lists of values. Powerful new algorithms developed at Wolfram Research make possible recognition of functional forms for an extremely wide range of classes of integer sequences.
- [Integral Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IntegralTransforms.en.md): The Wolfram Language applies its strengths in calculus to the intricacies of integral transforms, with a host of original algorithms that probably now reach almost any closed-form result that can be found, together with full support for symbolic generalized functions.
- [Interactive 3D Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Interactive3DControl.en.md): The Wolfram System provides real-time view control for all 3D graphics, wherever they may appear in a document. The Wolfram System's advanced human interface device system also automatically supports joystick and gamepad 3D graphics control, with special features available on the Wolfram Research 2+12 degree-of-freedom gamepad.
- [Interactive Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InteractiveManipulation.en.md): The single function Manipulate gives immediate access to a huge range of powerful interactive capabilities. For any expression with symbolic parameters, Manipulate automatically creates an interface for manipulating the parameters. Manipulate supports not only mouse and keyboard manipulation, but also gamepads and other devices.
- [International Character Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InternationalCharacterSets.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports full Unicode throughout--in strings, symbols, graphics, and external operations--allowing immediate streamlined use of all standard international character sets, integrated with native text entry.
- [Internet and Computer Systems Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InternetAndWebRelatedData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has curated and continuously updated data both on the internet and on features of computer systems. It is also able to retrieve or deduce information about local and remote computer systems being used in computations.
- [Alphabetical Listing of Interpreter Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InterpreterTypeAlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [Interpreting Specific Entities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InterpretingEntities.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides extensive capabilities for interpreting natural-language strings as standardized representations of specific real-world entities. The language also supports many mechanisms for interpreting more general classes of inputs.
- [Setting Up Input Interpreters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InterpretingStrings.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a uniform mechanism for specifying how inputs of different types should be interpreted as Wolfram Language or WDF expressions, for example in forms or APIs. The interpretations can involve either structural or semantic conversions, and the specification of the interpretation can be used to generate interface elements such as input fields for requesting input suitable for interpretation in a form.
- [Interval Arithmetic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IntervalArithmetic.en.md): The Wolfram Language automatically uses sophisticated algorithms to track the precision of approximate numbers. Particularly for some verification applications, however, it is convenient to maintain explicit numerical intervals. All the Wolfram Language's basic mathematical functions and operations automatically operate on Interval objects.
- [Inverse Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/InverseFunctions.en.md): 
- [Iterated Maps & Fractals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/IteratedMapsAndFractals.en.md): The Wolfram Language has flexible capabilities for handling iterated maps, as well as highly optimized algorithms for common objects of investigation such as Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set.
- [JSON-Related Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/JSON-RelatedFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in support for a variety of types of JSON, as well as a variety of standard mappings between JSON data structures and Wolfram Language structures.
- [Knowledge Representation & Access](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/KnowledgeRepresentationAndAccess.en.md): Deeply integrated into the Wolfram Language is access to the immense and continuously updated Wolfram Knowledgebase also used in Wolfram|Alpha. Free-form linguistics makes it easy to identify many millions of entities and many thousands of properties and automatically generate precise Wolfram Language representations suitable for extensive further computation. The Wolfram Language also supports custom entity stores that allow the same computations as the built-in knowledgebase, and can be ...
- [Labels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Labels.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a rich language for adding labels to graphics of all types. Labels and callouts can be applied directly to data and functions being plotted, or specified in a structured form through options. Besides text, arbitrary content such as formulas, graphics, and images can be used as labels. Labels can be automatically or specifically positioned relative to points, curves, and other graphical features.
- [Language Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LanguageOverview.en.md): The Wolfram Language is a highly developed knowledge-based language that unifies a broad range of programming paradigms and uses its unique concept of symbolic programming to add a new level of flexibility to the very concept of programming.
- [Layout & Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LayoutAndTables.en.md): Because of its unified symbolic architecture, the Wolfram Language provides powerful capabilities for creating layouts, both interactively and programmatically, and containing arbitrary expressions--not only text and formulas, but also graphics and dynamic elements.
- [Legends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Legends.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides easy tools to create and add legends to visualizations of all kinds. Whether using the built-in automatic legends, creating highly customized legends, or something in between, the Wolfram Language provides straightforward ways of using legends to match styles with labels, and colors with values. In the extreme cases, the Wolfram Language allows practically anything to have a legend, and for that legend to be anything.
- [Wolfram LibraryLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LibraryLink.en.md): Wolfram LibraryLink provides a powerful way to connect external code to the Wolfram Language, enabling high-speed and memory-efficient execution. It does this by allowing dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into the Wolfram Language kernel so that functions in the libraries can be immediately called from the Wolfram Language. Wolfram LibraryLink allows exchanging arbitrary data with the linked library: integers, reals, packed arrays, strings, and arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions, as ...
- [Life Sciences & Medicine: Data & Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LifeSciencesAndMedicineDataAndComputation.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides immediate access to extensive life science data, as well as providing powerful tools for bioinformatics and biostatistics.
- [Linear and Nonlinear Filters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LinearAndNonlinearFilters.en.md): The Wolfram Language's highly optimized filtering capabilities provide a wide range of linear and modern nonlinear local filters, as well as a variety of nonlocal filters, which can be applied to arbitrary arrays of data and images.
- [Linear Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LinearSystems.en.md): The Wolfram Language incorporates the latest algorithms for solving industrial-scale linear systems, automatically switching between optimal dense and sparse algorithms--and handling exact, symbolic, and arbitrary-precision as well as machine-precision computation.
- [Linguistic Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LinguisticData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has not only convenient built-in multilingual dictionaries, but also built-in information on word meaning, structure, and usage, as well as the relationship between words. Together with the Wolfram Language's tightly integrated string manipulation functions, visualization, and data import and export, this provides a uniquely powerful platform for natural language computing.
- [Listing of All Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListingOfAllFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports many formats, with many subformats, variants, and options.
- [Assessment Comparison Methods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListingOfAssessmentComparisonMethods.en.md): The question and assessment framework provides many distinct methods for determining equivalence between submitted answers and the values in an answer key. Depending on the chosen method, comparisons are based on either pattern matching with custom transformations or by comparing specific distance measurements to a tolerance. Comparison methods also determine the default interface type when an assessment function is used in a question object.
- [Listing of Connections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListingOfConnections.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in support for a growing number of connections. Some of these connections are freely accessible to all Wolfram Language users; others will allow you to seamlessly use your own credentials.
- [Listing of Named Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListingOfNamedCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram System provides systemwide support for a large number of special characters. Each character has a name and a number of shortcut aliases. They are fully supported by the standard Wolfram System fonts. For further information about named characters, including character interpretations and naming conventions, please see Named Characters.
- [Listing of Supported External Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListingOfSupportedExternalServices.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in support for a growing number of external services. Some of these services are freely accessible to all Wolfram Language users; others require separate authorization from service providers.
- [List Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ListManipulation.en.md): Lists are central constructs in the Wolfram Language, used to represent collections, arrays, sets, and sequences of all kinds. Lists can have any structure and size and can routinely involve even millions of elements. Well over a thousand built-in functions throughout the Wolfram Language operate directly on lists, making lists a powerful vehicle for interoperability.
- [LLM-Related Functionality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LLMFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a variety of capabilities for making use of large-language models (LLMs). Chat Notebooks provide interactive chat-based access, including the ability to offer natural-language-based assistance in using the Wolfram Language. The Wolfram Language also includes powerful functions for calling LLM functionality programmatically and for allowing LLMs to access Wolfram Language tools. The Wolfram Prompt Repository provides a curated collection of prompts for delivering a ...
- [Locale & Internationalization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LocaleAndInternationalization.en.md): 
- [Local Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LocalObjects.en.md): Local objects and symbols provide persistent local storage for the Wolfram Language.
- [Locations, Paths, and Routing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LocationsPathsAndRouting.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides convenient functions for a wide range of local and travel-related geo computations.
- [Logic & Boolean Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LogicAndBooleanAlgebra.en.md): The Wolfram Language represents Boolean expressions in symbolic form, so they can not only be evaluated, but also be symbolically manipulated and transformed. Incorporating state-of-the-art quantifier elimination, satisfiability, and equational logic theorem proving, the Wolfram Language provides a powerful framework for investigations based on Boolean algebra.
- [Looping Constructs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LoopingConstructs.en.md): Looping is a core concept in programming. The Wolfram Language provides powerful primitives for specifying and controlling looping, not only in traditional procedural programming, but also in other, more modern and streamlined programming paradigms.
- [Low-Level File Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelFileOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides efficient system-independent direct access to all aspects of files of any size.
- [Low-Level Interface Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelInterfaceControl.en.md): The core of the Wolfram Language's unique power for building interfaces is in its extremely flexible high-level symbolic paradigm. But the Wolfram Language also allows you to build interfaces at a lower level, more familiar to traditional user interface programmers.
- [Low-Level Notebook Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelNotebookProgramming.en.md): In the Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture, every Wolfram Language notebook you see is represented as a symbolic expression that can be manipulated and controlled programmatically using the Wolfram Language. The Wolfram Language's low-level notebook programming functions give direct incremental access to notebook expressions, allowing you successively to perform arbitrary operations on the selection in any notebook.
- [Low-Level Notebook Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelNotebookStructure.en.md): Like everything else in the Wolfram Language, notebooks are ultimately symbolic expressions. When you edit notebooks--or apply high-level programmatic functions--the Wolfram Language automatically updates these expressions. But if you look at the lowest level--say by opening a notebook file as text--you will see the underlying expressions, in which formatting constructs are represented as a hierarchy of low-level symbolic boxes.
- [Low-Level System Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelSystemOptimization.en.md): 
- [Low-Level System Spelunking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelSystemSpelunking.en.md): The Wolfram System is a large and complex software system. Although strongly not supported for production purposes, it is sometimes instructive to spelunk in the system, looking at low-level organization and obscure features.
- [Low-Level WSTP Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/LowLevelWSTPOperations.en.md): 
- [Machine Learning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MachineLearning.en.md): Data-driven applications are ubiquitous (market analysis, agriculture, healthcare, transport networks, ...) and machine learning algorithms have been developed with the specific purpose of analyzing patterns and leveraging correlation within real-world measurements in order to turn data into applications. The Wolfram Language offers fully automated and highly customizable machine learning functions to perform classification, regression, clustering and many other operations. Classical methods ...
- [Machine Learning Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MachineLearningFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers robust support for diverse machine learning and neural network formats, enabling efficient import and export of models across various frameworks. With capabilities for handling neural networks, data interchange and serialized structures, it ensures seamless integration and flexibility in your machine learning workflows.
- [Machine Learning Methods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MachineLearningMethods.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers a rich selection of machine learning methods to perform regression, classification, clustering, dimensionality reduction and more.
- [Mail & Message Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MailAndMessageFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows mail messages, mailboxes, and related constructs to be imported and analyzed using the full power of the Wolfram Language.
- [Mail, Messages, Etc.](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MailMessagesEtc.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides built-in access to email and a wide variety of external message systems.
- [Managing Computations in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ManagingComputationsInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram Language's sophisticated notebook paradigm provides a uniquely powerful way to manage, organize, document, and present computations--from a few input and output lines to industrial-size applications.
- [Managing Content in the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ManagingContentInTheCloud.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides streamlined mechanisms for managing content in the Wolfram Cloud, including detailed control of permissions for access and execution.
- [Managing Remote and Parallel Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ManagingRemoteAndParallelKernels.en.md): The Wolfram Language has integrated support for remote and parallel computation, using a variety of connectivity and communication mechanisms.
- [Manipulating Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ManipulatingEquations.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture allows it to represent any equation as a symbolic expression that can be manipulated using any of the Wolfram Language's powerful collection of symbolic operations.
- [Maps & Cartography](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MapsAndCartography.en.md): The Wolfram Language has fully integrated capabilities for creating highly customized maps, as well as detailed built-in geographic information about all parts of the world. Maps in the Wolfram Language are defined both by geometric and graphical primitives, and by actual geographic entities, which can be entered using free-form linguistics.
- [Finite Markov Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MarkovProcesses.en.md): A finite Markov process is a random process on a graph, where from each state you specify the probability of selecting each available transition to a new state. Finite Markov processes are used to model a variety of decision processes in areas such as games, weather, manufacturing, business, and biology. The Wolfram Language provides complete support for both discrete-time and continuous-time finite Markov processes. The symbolic representation of a Markov process makes it easy to simulate its ...
- [Mass Transport PDEs and Boundary Conditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MassTransportPDEModels.en.md): Mass transport is a discipline of chemical engineering that is concerned with the movement of chemical species. The two mechanisms of mass transport are mass diffusion and mass convection. The driving force behind a mass diffusion is the difference in a species concentration at different locations. Mass convection, on the other hand, only occurs when species are transported in a moving fluid medium. The combination of these two mechanisms leads to changes in the species concentration field ...
- [Math & Counting Operations on Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalAndCountingOperationsOnLists.en.md): Ordinary mathematical functions in the Wolfram Language are always listable, so that they are immediately applied in parallel across lists. The Wolfram Language provides a wide variety of tightly integrated functions for analyzing elements in lists of any size and structure.
- [Mathematical Constants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalConstants.en.md): The Wolfram Language incorporates the latest algorithms--some original to Wolfram Research--for evaluating mathematical constants to any number of digits of precision. For basic constants like \\[Pi] and E, millions of digits can routinely be computed in seconds.
- [Mathematical Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalData.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides direct access to a large volume of mathematical data, specially organized and created for the Wolfram Language. The data is available in a wide range of forms suitable for direct integration into Wolfram Language computations.
- [Mathematical Data Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalDataFormats.en.md): 
- [Mathematical Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language has the most extensive collection of mathematical functions ever assembled. Often relying on original results and algorithms developed at Wolfram Research over the past two decades, each function supports a full range of symbolic operations, as well as efficient numerical evaluation to arbitrary precision, for all complex values of parameters.
- [Mathematical Morphology](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalMorphology.en.md): Combining methods from set theory, topology, and discrete mathematics, mathematical morphology provides a powerful approach to processing images and other discrete data. The Wolfram Language includes an extensive and efficient implementation of mathematical morphology, fully integrated with the Wolfram Language's general image and data processing.
- [Mathematical Notation Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalNotationCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram Language has the world's largest collection of consistent multifont mathematical notation characters--all fully integrated into both typesetting and symbolic expression construction.
- [Mathematical Typesetting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalTypesetting.en.md): Developed at Wolfram Research over nearly 20 years, the Wolfram Language has by far the world's most sophisticated and convenient mathematical typesetting technology. Generalizing the concept of a computer language to allow 2D input, the Wolfram Language allows both interactive and programmatic entry of arbitrarily complex typeset expressions, with publication-quality layout continuously maintained in real time.
- [Mathieu and Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathieuAndRelatedFunctions.en.md): Important for elliptical shapes and periodic potentials, the Wolfram Language achieves a new level of implementation for Mathieu-related functions, supporting arbitrary-precision evaluation for all complex values of parameters.
- [Math Typesetting Options & Tweaking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathTypesettingOptionsAndTweaking.en.md): As the world's most extensive programmatic mathematical typesetting system, the Wolfram Language provides a range of controls over the details of layout and rendering.
- [Matrices and Linear Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MatricesAndLinearAlgebra.en.md): The Wolfram Language automatically handles both numeric and symbolic matrices, seamlessly switching among large numbers of highly optimized algorithms. Using many original methods, the Wolfram Language can handle numerical matrices of any precision, automatically invoking machine-optimized code when appropriate. The Wolfram Language handles both dense and sparse matrices and can routinely operate on matrices with millions of entries.
- [Matrix-Based Minimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MatrixBasedMinimization.en.md): 
- [Matrix Decompositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MatrixDecompositions.en.md): Matrix decompositions represent an algorithmic platform for modern scientific computing. Matrix decompositions are efficient ways to extract the essence for key matrix-related problems, on which a variety of solvers and new algorithms can be based. Matrix decompositions typically represent the performance-critical core, from which the much more varied applications can take off.
- [Matrix Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MatrixDistributions.en.md): Matrix distributions are models for random matrices and have a variety of uses, including understanding linear algebra algorithms, direct modeling of quantum systems, and multivariate regression. Often key properties such as location of eigenvalues are of major interest. The Wolfram Language provides efficient sampling of an extensive collection of matrix distributions, universal limiting distributions for key matrix properties, and a general framework and automation based on Monte Carlo ...
- [Matrix Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MatrixOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language's matrix operations handle both numeric and symbolic matrices, automatically accessing large numbers of highly efficient algorithms. The Wolfram Language uses state-of-the-art algorithms to work with both dense and sparse matrices, and incorporates a number of powerful original algorithms, especially for high-precision and symbolic matrices.
- [Matrix Predicates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MatrixPredicates.en.md): 
- [Memory Measurement & Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MemoryMeasurementAndOptimization.en.md): 
- [Menu Items](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MenuItems.en.md): The Wolfram System's breadth of functionality in handling documents, computation, and graphics gives it a rich collection of menu items--all carefully designed to be as familiar as possible.
- [Mesh-Based Geometric Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MeshRegions.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides rich support for mesh-based regions, including a boundary representation where the region is represented by its boundary (curves, surfaces, etc.) or where the region is represented as the disjoint union of simple cells. Mesh-based regions can be constructed in a variety of ways, including from points (Delaunay, convex hull, etc.), as a discretization of graphics (2D and 3D), as a discretization of any other region, or directly. Mesh-based regions work just like ...
- [Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Messages.en.md): The Wolfram Language uses its symbolic architecture to provide a convenient modular framework for generating and managing messages, both in programs and interactive sessions.
- [Model Connections and Manipulations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ModelConnections.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a core set of functions for performing block-diagram reduction and various model manipulations. Building on the Wolfram Language's unique symbolic architecture, models and their connections are elegantly represented and manipulated as symbolic expressions.
- [Basic Systems Modeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Modeling.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a very convenient and natural way to create and manipulate continuous- and discrete-time models of scalar and multivariable systems using data objects. These objects contain all the information of a model, are freely convertible from one to another, can be readily passed from one function to another, and are typeset in the notebook interface in a traditional form, thus providing a very streamlined and efficient workflow. The representation of control systems in ...
- [Molecular Structure & Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MolecularStructureAndComputation.en.md): The Molecule is a symbolic representation of a chemical species and is a fully computable first-class member of the Wolfram Language. More than 20 new functions allow users to create, analyze and modify chemical species. A wide range of computed properties such as stereochemistry, symmetry elements, molecular graphs and molecular mechanics energies facilitate problem solving across all chemical disciplines. Built-in support for organic and inorganic nomenclature allows fast creation of ...
- [Multimedia Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MultimediaFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can export videos and other dynamic visualizations to common video and animation formats, as well as being able to import data stored in such formats.
- [Multiplicative Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MultiplicativeNumberTheory.en.md): Building on its broad strengths in mathematics in general, and in special functions in particular, the Wolfram Language provides a unique level of support for multiplicative number theory, including not only highly general function evaluation, but also symbolic simplification.
- [Named Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NamedGroups.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides access to information on infinite families of groups, as well as sporadic groups of relevance, like the famous 26 sporadic simple groups (27 if the Tits group is included). In particular, the Wolfram Language knows permutation representations for most of them, hence allowing further computation and application to other areas of the system.
- [Namespace Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NamespaceManagement.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports dynamic hierarchical namespace management. The Wolfram Language's symbolic programming paradigm allows a unique level of programmability and control in namespace management.
- [Natural Language Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NaturalLanguageProcessing.en.md): Natural language processing deals with understanding text and spoken words as a human would. It is a fundamental component of many human/machine interactions (vocal assistants, dictation software, voice-operated systems, ...), text processing, analysis (suggestions, keyword spotting, translation, ...) and much more. The Wolfram Language natural language processing functionality is a combination of rule-based and machine learning language models, including LLMs. It builds on top of advanced ...
- [Encoding and Decoding Data for Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NetEncoderDecoder.en.md): Real work data comes in a wild variety of types, including numerical, categorical, textual, image, audio and video. Neural networks are a particular sophisticated way to manipulate numerical arrays but cannot deal natively with non-numerical inputs. The Wolfram Language offers dedicated encoders and decoders to automatically and efficiently translate non-numerical data to and from net-compatible NumericArray objects. Custom encoders can be created from special feature extractors or any generic ...
- [Network Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NetworkProgramming.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes built-in network programming, allowing uniform convenient access to TCP, ZMQ and web socket functionality on all platforms, as well as a variety of functions for network connectivity and name resolution.
- [Neural Network Construction & Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NeuralNetworkConstruction.en.md): Neural networks can be constructed to tackle specific tasks, but this requires flexibility and the possibility to experiment with different architectures and hyperparameters. Precise measurements of network outputs and gradients are essential to compare results and spot problems, together with control of the training behavior and hardware. The symbolic environment of the Wolfram Language is particularly suitable for representing neural networks operations (layers) as abstract functions. ...
- [Neural Network Layers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NeuralNetworkLayers.en.md): Neural networks offer a flexible and modular way of representing operations on arrays, from the more basic ones like arithmetic, normalization and linear operation to more advanced ones like convolutional filtering, attention and recurrence. The Wolfram Language offers a powerful symbolic representation for neural network operations. Layers can be defined, initialized and used like any other language function, making the testing of new architectures incredibly easy. Combined in richer ...
- [Neural Network Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NeuralNetworkOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language makes it very easy to operate on neural networks using their symbolic representation. A new architecture can be built starting from another one by taking or adding layers, selecting and combining subgraphs or replacing specific parts or patterns. Networks can then be trained on a variety of data to be optimized for a specific task.
- [Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NeuralNetworks.en.md): Neural networks are a powerful machine learning technique that allows a modular composition of operations (layers) that can model a wide variety of functions with high execution and training performance. Neural networks are typically resistant to noisy input and offer good generalization capabilities. They are a central component in many areas, like image and audio processing, natural language processing, robotics, automotive control, medical systems and more. The Wolfram Language offers ...
- [New in 10.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Cloud & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100CloudAndDeployment.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Core Language & Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100CoreLanguageAndStructure.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Data Manipulation & Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100DataManipulationAndAnalysis.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Documents & Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100DocumentsAndPresentation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Engineering Data & Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100EngineeringDataAndComputation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: External Interfaces & Connections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100ExternalInterfacesAndConnections.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Geographic Data & Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100GeographicDataAndComputation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100Geometry.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Graphs & Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100GraphsAndNetworks.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Higher Mathematical Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100HigherMathematicalComputation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100Images.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Scientific and Medical Data & Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100ScientificAndMedicalDataAndComputation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Strings & Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100StringsAndText.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Symbolic & Numeric Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100SymbolicAndNumericComputation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Time-Related Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100TimeRelatedComputation.en.md): 
- [New in 10.0: Visualization & Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn100VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md): 
- [New in 10.1: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn101AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 10.2: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn102AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 10.3: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn103AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 10.4: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn104AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 11: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn110AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 11.1: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn111AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 11.2: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn112AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 11.3: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn113AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 12.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn120AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 12.1: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn121AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 12.2: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn122AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 12.3: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn123AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 13.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn130AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 13.1: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn131AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 13.2: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn132AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 13.3: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn133AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 14.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn140AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 14.1: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn141AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 14.2: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn142AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 14.3: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn143AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 15.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn150AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 6.0: Symbolic Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60AlgebraicComputing.en.md): 
- [New in 6.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60AlphabeticalListing.en.md): By far the largest release since Version 1.0 in 1988, Version 6.0 added a remarkable breadth of new functionality. As well as introducing several major new fundamental concepts, it added nearly a thousand new functions, and significantly enhanced a large fraction of all existing Mathematica functions.
- [New in 6.0: Core Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60CoreLanguage.en.md): Built on powerful and elegant long-standing principles, the core Mathematica language has been gradually enhanced under tight control over its twenty-year history. Version 6.0 added convenient new list manipulation functions and enhanced pattern matching and options handling, as well as a major new integrated debugging and code analysis system.
- [New in 6.0: Data Handling & Data Sources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60DataHandlingAndDataSources.en.md): Building on the concept of symbolic data description, Mathematica 6.0 introduced the major new elements framework for handling import and export of data, in nearly a hundred distinct formats. Mathematica 6.0 also introduced the concept of large-scale integrated data sources, for the first time allowing immediate programmatic use of many forms of real-world data.
- [New in 6.0: Data Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60DataVisualization.en.md): Building on Mathematica's strengths in large-scale data handling, numerical optimization, and geometric computation, Version 6.0 brought a new level of automation to data visualization--with major new original algorithms for graph layout, immediate surface reconstruction, automated labeling, seamless handling of unstructured data, geometrically driven interpolation, and automatic date plotting--as well as major innovations in automated aesthetics.
- [New in 6.0: Dynamic Interactivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60DynamicInteractivity.en.md): Mathematica 6.0 defined a major new paradigm for computing, centered around the concept of the symbolic dynamic interface. Built on Mathematica's unique symbolic architecture, the new paradigm allows instant creation of complete dynamic interfaces fully integrated with all Mathematica's capabilities--and readily scaled using powerful new language constructs.
- [New in 6.0: Formatting & Styling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60FormattingAndStyling.en.md): Version 6.0 added hundreds of new options for formatting and styling--supporting Version 6.0's major advances in dynamic interactivity, interoperability, interface construction, and document generation.
- [New in 6.0: Function Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60FunctionVisualization.en.md): Bringing together Mathematica's powerful capabilities in numerics, algebraic computation and now also geometric computation, Version 6.0 took the state of the art for function visualization to a new level--with ubiquitous adaptivity, region- and volume-oriented implicit plotting, automated singularity analysis, arbitrary plotting regions and mesh overlays--as well as a host of innovative automatic aesthetics features.
- [New in 6.0: Graphics & Visualization Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60GraphicsAndVisualizationOptions.en.md): Mathematica has long set the standard for high-end technical graphics and visualization. Version 6.0 added many innovative options that brought automated aesthetics to a new level, introducing powerful new programmatic parametrizations of visual presentation, and allowing new forms of high-level control over the visualization pipeline.
- [New in 6.0: Graphics Primitives & Directives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60GraphicsPrimitivesAndDirectives.en.md): Version 6.0 pioneered the concept of complete structural integration of graphics--with graphics interleaving seamlessly into all input and output, and allowing immediate manipulation using all of Mathematica's powerful language and dynamic capabilities. Version 6.0 also greatly extended the core graphics language--with opacity, smooth shading, new primitives and richer graphics data structures.
- [New in 6.0: Import & Export Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60ImportAndExportFormats.en.md): Continuing to build on Mathematica's unified architecture, Version 6.0 deepens and broadens Mathematica's ability to import and export data in a large number of different fields and formats, as well as adding a new elements framework that supports dozens of convenient subformats for every major format.
- [New in 6.0: List Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60ListManipulation.en.md): Widely recognized as the world's most powerful list manipulation language, Mathematica added in Version 6.0 a number of important new functions. Each function was carefully designed for flexibility, ease of use, wide application and tight integration into the Mathematica system.
- [New in 6.0: Mathematical Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60MathematicalFunctions.en.md): 
- [New in 6.0: Mathematics & Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60MathematicsAndAlgorithms.en.md): Mathematica 6.0 represented a major new level in Mathematica's distinguished twenty-year history of broad cutting-edge algorithm development. Mathematica's unified architecture and unique tradition of integrating disparate algorithmic areas--together with new basic scientific and mathematical methodologies created at Wolfram Research--makes possible an ever-increasing rate of algorithm innovation in Mathematica.
- [New in 6.0: Matrix & Linear Algebra Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60MatrixAndLinearAlgebraFunctions.en.md): Version 6.0 continued Mathematica's commitment to delivering the latest and most efficient algorithms for linear algebra, generalized to arbitrary precision and with full symbolic capability. A notable feature is that the symbolic structure of Mathematica has made possible uniquely flexible specifications for general banded matrices.
- [New in 6.0: Notebooks & Documents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60NotebooksAndDocuments.en.md): Version 6.0 greatly extended Mathematica's powerful symbolic document paradigm, integrating support for editable symbolic graphics, structure-programmable table layouts, active annotations, and dynamic interactive controls--and allowing all aspects of notebooks and documents to be created directly in terms of simple symbolic constructs.
- [New in 6.0: Number Theory & Integer Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60NumberTheoryAndIntegerFunctions.en.md): 
- [New in 6.0: Numerical Data Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60NumericalDataHandling.en.md): Version 6.0 added a collection of carefully optimized functions to Mathematica's powerful arsenal of numerical handling capabilities.
- [New in 6.0: Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60Statistics.en.md): Version 6.0 introduced integrated highly efficient support for a wide range of statistical functions and operations, both on explicit data and on symbolic representations of statistical distributions.
- [New in 6.0: System Interfaces & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60SystemInterfacesAndDeployment.en.md): Mathematica 6.0 represented one of the world's most advanced software engineering endeavors. Building on Mathematica's symbolic programming foundations, a series of software engineering innovations made possible the new dynamic interactivity of Mathematica 6.0, and further extended Mathematica's highly efficient cross-platform communication capabilities.
- [New in 6.0: Visualization & Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn60VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md): Version 6.0 represented a major step forward in visualization and graphics, with many new and original concepts. Among them was full integration of Mathematica symbolic graphics with all input and output, immediate real-time graphics, automatic adaptivity throughout, and widespread use of automated aesthetics methods pioneered at Wolfram Research.
- [New in 7.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70AlphabeticalListing.en.md): The release of Mathematica 6 in May 2007 represented a revolution in the development of Mathematica. Building on this revolution, Mathematica 7 not only greatly broadens and deepens many aspects of Mathematica's existing functionality, but also adds whole new areas to the domain of Mathematica. In all, Mathematica 7.0 adds or updates more than 500 Mathematica functions.
- [New in 7.0: Computable Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70ComputableData.en.md): Mathematica 7 delivers the latest fruits of Wolfram Research's major long-term Computable Data Initiative, providing immediate access to curated static and dynamic data in several important new areas.
- [New in 7.0: Core Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70CoreLanguage.en.md): Built on powerful and elegant principles, the core Mathematica language has emerged over the past 20 years as perhaps the world's richest and deepest programming language. Version 7.0 builds into the core language some convenient additional list manipulation functions, has powerful new capabilities for string and sequence comparison, and introduces fully integrated, zero configuration, multiparadigm parallel computing for multicore and network systems.
- [New in 7.0: Data Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70DataManipulation.en.md): Building on Mathematica's unified symbolic architecture, Mathematica 7 introduces several major new integrated forms of data manipulation--including large-scale support for images, for statistical models, and for geodetic data.
- [New in 7.0: Dynamic Interactivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70DynamicInteractivity.en.md): Mathematica 6 introduced the revolutionary idea of symbolic dynamic interactivity. Mathematica 7 makes use of this idea throughout the system, and adds a number of additional features to the core concept.
- [New in 7.0: Lists and Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70ListsAndMatrices.en.md): Mathematica 7 extends its general treatment of lists and matrices by adding a variety of convenient functions, including support for common convolution and structure matrices.
- [New in 7.0: Mathematics & Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70MathematicsAndAlgorithms.en.md): Mathematica 7 represents another major achievement in Mathematica's long history of innovation in mathematics and algorithms. Building on the broad capabilities of Mathematica, as well as several recent R&D breakthroughs at Wolfram Research, Mathematica 7 for the first time makes possible systematic computation in a sequence of longstanding mathematical and algorithmic areas.
- [New in 7.0: Notebooks & Documents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70NotebooksAndDocuments.en.md): Mathematica 7 enhances the Mathematica notebook experience in several ways, with new convenient usability features, new levels of automation for the form and structure of output, and new capabilities such as speech output.
- [New in 7.0: Systems Interfaces & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70SystemsInterfacesAndDeployment.en.md): Version 7.0 introduces built-in zero-configuration parallel computing. Taking full advantage of Mathematica's unique symbolic architecture, Version 7.0 provides an unprecedentedly easy and powerful system for taking advantage of multicore and network parallel computing environments. Version 7.0 also introduces new operations on file names that enhance integration into the systems programming workflow.
- [New in 7.0: Visualization & Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md): Building on Mathematica's unique base of visualization and graphics capabilities, Mathematica 7 adds several important new areas. Emphasizing integration and automation, Mathematica 7 introduces built-in vector visualization, automated dynamic charting, and fully general splines and NURBS.
- [New in 8.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 8.0: Computable Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80ComputableData.en.md): In addition to the existing datasets that have been updated, Mathematica 8 now exposes the curated knowledge databases available from Wolfram|Alpha.
- [New in 8.0: Core Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80CoreLanguage.en.md): Built on powerful and elegant principles, the core Mathematica language provides a uniquely deep and rich programming language that scales from rapid prototyping to large high-performance systems. Version 8.0 adds syntax-free linguistic input as a radical and innovative approach to programming. It also delivers many important performance features, such as automatic code generation, multicore parallelization, shared library linking, and GPU integration.
- [New in 8.0: Data Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80DataManipulation.en.md): Building on Mathematica's extensive data manipulation capabilities, Mathematica 8 adds a wide range of new import and export features, advanced image processing algorithms, and built-in wavelet representation and manipulation functions.
- [New in 8.0: Dynamic Interactivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80DynamicInteractivity.en.md): Mathematica 8 introduces interactive content delivered by Wolfram|Alpha directly into your documents. Additionally, Mathematica 8 extends the existing set of interface controls and introduces paradigms for running dynamic computations that are not linked directly to the output of those computations.
- [New in 8.0: Mathematics & Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80MathematicsAndAlgorithms.en.md): Mathematica 8 adds major new areas, including probability and statistics, graphs and networks, computational finance, control systems, wavelet analysis, and group theory. Each of these areas represents major progress in the ability to work at a high level of abstraction supported by in-depth algorithmic coverage and advanced automation. This should enable rapid progress in these areas, and also in the ability to combine tools from several disjoint areas as functions are designed to fit ...
- [New in 8.0: Notebooks & Documents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80NotebooksAndDocuments.en.md): Wolfram System 8 introduces numerous new usability features, including a whole new paradigm for entering input using free-form linguistics that no longer require even understanding Wolfram Language syntax. Additional user interface enhancements run across the spectrum, including major updates to the find dialog, the entire printing system, and even the basic cell insertion pointer.
- [New in 8.0: Systems Interfaces & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80SystemsInterfacesAndDeployment.en.md): Version 8.0 introduces new features to load functions from shared libraries, giving a new way to incorporate external code into Mathematica. It also adds support for GPU computing with new links to the CUDA and OpenCL environments. Version 8.0 also contains new tools for working with C code, including C code generation, symbolic representation of C code, and Mathematica functions to drive standard C compilers for the platforms on which Mathematica is available.
- [New in 8.0: Visualization & Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn80VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md): Mathematica 8 adds a number of new areas for visualization, including statistical, financial, wavelet, and control-related visualizations. These areas all provide a high level of automation for both algorithms and aesthetics. Mathematica 8 also brings a number of improvements to all the existing areas, including textures and filled curves, for a richer graphics language as well as a brand-new interactive graphics editor.
- [New in 9.0: Alphabetical Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90AlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [New in 9.0: Computable Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90ComputableData.en.md): Mathematica 9 adds direct access to social media as well as new and updated mathematical computable data.
- [New in 9.0: Core Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90CoreLanguage.en.md): Mathematica 9 extends its symbolic programming paradigm to support units, allowing a wide range of computations to be carried out with a sophisticated unit system. It provides unique syntax-free linguistic input to support the entry and discovery of units.
- [New in 9.0: Data Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90DataManipulation.en.md): Building on Mathematica's extensive data manipulation capabilities, Mathematica 9 adds a wide range of new import and export features.
- [New in 9.0: Dynamic Interactivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90DynamicInteractivity.en.md): Mathematica 9 adds ListPicker as a control for picking elements from a list.
- [New in 9.0: Mathematics & Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90MathematicsAndAlgorithms.en.md): Mathematica 9 adds major extensions and integration across the system. Probability and statistics adds survival and reliability analysis as well as a unified treatment for all random processes. Graphs and networks adds network flows, social network analysis, and major performance enhancements. Control systems adds PID autotuning as well as full support for descriptor and delay systems. Numerical differential equations now includes hybrid systems and parametric systems, as well as advanced ...
- [New in 9.0: Notebooks & Documents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90NotebooksAndDocuments.en.md): Mathematica 9 introduced the concept of CellObject. Like NotebookObject, CellObject allows you to get a handle to a given cell and operate on it. Functions that manipulated selections in notebooks have been extended to operate on cell objects. Typically, when using cell objects, such manipulations can be done without disturbing the selection in a notebook at all. This allows powerful notebook manipulations to be done on a notebook even while actively using the notebook.
- [New in 9.0: Systems Interfaces & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90SystemsInterfacesAndDeployment.en.md): Mathematica 9 introduced some key features for interfacing Mathematica to other systems. HTTP operations are supported with a range of functions for interacting with URLs and web sites, allowing synchronous and asynchronous interactions. Extensions to Mathematica streams allow them to be backed by data sources such as documents residing on web sites. A new toolkit for linking to the R statistical system enables users to integrate their R work with Mathematica.
- [New in 9.0: Visualization and Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn90VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md): Mathematica 9 adds major extensions for visualization. Legends are standard across visualization functions and are easily extended to custom graphics. Data with units can be plotted, with automatically determined labels. Gauges provide a new set of functions to display data or use as interface controls. Mathematica 9 also adds support for rendering volumes and hardware-supported antialiasing on Linux.
- [Non-Commutative Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NoncommutativeAlgebra.en.md): Non-commutative algebra is a generalization of matrix algebra in which matrix multiplication is replaced by a non-commutative multiplication operator in an associative algebra. This generalization finds many applications in quantum theory, special functions, differential equations, etc.
- [Nonlinear Control Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NonlinearControlSystems.en.md): Nonlinear models naturally occur in most areas of engineering (mechanical, electrical, chemical, ...) and are traditionally dealt with by linear approximations. However, by using the nonlinear model, better controllers can be designed that take into account the nonlinear behavior. The Wolfram Language provides full support for affine and general nonlinear models. For affine models, you can automatically find a transformation that makes the system linear, allowing for the full suite of linear ...
- [Nonparametric Statistical Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NonparametricStatisticalDistributions.en.md): When building an initial statistical model, you may not have a good idea of what parametric distribution family it should come from. Nonparametric distributions make very few assumptions about the underlying model so can be used for a wide variety of situations. Nonparametric distributions are based on familiar methods such as histograms and kernel density estimators. The resulting distributions work just like any other distribution in that you can generate random variates, compute moments and ...
- [Non-Printing Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NonPrintingCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a variety of non-printing characters, some used to fine-tune layout, and others used to define precise syntactic interpretations while maintaining the traditional look of various mathematical notations.
- [Normal and Related Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NormalRelatedDistributions.en.md): The central limit theorem asserts that means of independent, identically distributed variables will converge to a normal distribution provided they are light tailed enough. This means that even when the exact distribution is not known for some quantity, if there is some form of averaging process going on you will eventually end up with normal distributions. This is the basis for a long list of statistical decision procedures, and since we are likely to end up with a normal distribution for ...
- [Notational Alphabet Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NotationalAlphabetCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram Language has several custom-drawn alphabets, suitable for use in technical and mathematical notation--each carefully arranged to give easily distinguishable forms in both proportional and monospaced fonts.
- [Notebook & Interface Customization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NotebookAndInterfaceCustomization.en.md): The Wolfram Language has over a thousand options that allow full control over every aspect of its interface. These options can be set interactively from menus, defined in stylesheets, or manipulated programmatically using the Wolfram Language's symbolic programming capabilities.
- [Notebook Basics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NotebookBasics.en.md): From simple calculations to full publishable documents and sophisticated dynamic interfaces, everything you can do with the Wolfram System's standard interactive interface is done in a notebook. Carefully designed to leverage familiar word-processing metaphors, Wolfram System notebooks are uniquely powerful computational documents that support live computation, arbitrary dynamic interfaces, full typeset input, image input, automatic code annotation, a complete high-level programmatic ...
- [Notebook Formatting & Styling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NotebookFormattingAndStyling.en.md): Wolfram Language notebooks include all the usual features of a top-quality word-processing system, plus many additional special capabilities. In all, there are over a thousand formatting and styling options, all accessible both from menus and at a programmatic level. Wolfram Language notebooks have an underlying symbolic structure that allows full markup, cascading stylesheets, and the ability to immediately restyle a document. Notebooks can be optimized not only for interactive use, but also ...
- [Notebook Shortcuts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NotebookShortcuts.en.md): The Wolfram System's interface is carefully optimized for both menu and keyboard use--with many convenient ergonomic features, including some that are not immediately visible from menus.
- [Number Digits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumberDigits.en.md): The Wolfram Language can handle numbers of essentially unlimited length, in any base, using state-of-the-art platform-optimized algorithms, including several developed at Wolfram Research. For rational numbers, it uses number theoretic methods to efficiently find the exact forms of repeating digit sequences.
- [Number Recognition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumberRecognition.en.md): A core activity in exploratory experimental mathematics is recognition of numbers: going backward from a number to find out how it can be generated. The Wolfram Language provides tools for recognizing many classes of numbers, including a number of original algorithms.
- [Numbers with Uncertainty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumbersWithUncertainty.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in capabilities for handling numbers and quantities with uncertainty, as obtained, for example, from measurements.
- [Number Theoretic Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumberTheoreticFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language contains the world's largest collection of number theoretic functions, many based on specially developed algorithms.
- [Number Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumberTheory.en.md): Packing a large number of sophisticated algorithms--many recent and original--into a powerful collection of functions, the Wolfram Language draws on almost every major result in number theory. A key tool for two decades in the advance of the field, the Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture and web of highly efficient algorithms make it a unique platform for number theoretic experiment, discovery, and proof.
- [Numerical Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumericalData.en.md): Huge numerical datasets are routine for the Wolfram Language. Its powerful array primitives make large-scale array manipulation both easy to specify and highly efficient. And its integrated collection of state-of-the-art algorithms makes a broad range of sophisticated data analysis immediately accessible. The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture gives a new level of flexibility in representing results in forms that can be used for further computation.
- [Numerical Data Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumericalDataFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can efficiently exchange data in all standard numerical formats--allowing convenient symbolic specification of data subsets and data elements.
- [Numerical Evaluation & Precision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumericalEvaluationAndPrecision.en.md): In two decades of intense algorithmic development, the Wolfram Language has established a new level of numerical computation. Particularly notable are its many original highly efficient algorithms, its methodology for automatic algorithm selection, and its systemwide support for automatic error tracking and arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
- [Numerical Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NumericalFunctions.en.md): Throughout the Wolfram Language there is support not only for approximate real numbers, but also for exact numbers represented in algebraic or symbolic form. Functions like Floor, IntegerPart, and Max are all in effect set up to prove theorems--often using original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research--to give values with exact inputs.
- [Operations on File Names](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OperationsOnFileNames.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a convenient collection of platform-independent functions for manipulating names of files and directories. These functions can also be used to assemble and disassemble file-name-like constructs such as URLs.
- [Operations on Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OperationsOnSets.en.md): In the Wolfram Language, sets are represented by sorted lists.
- [Operations on Vectors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OperationsOnVectors.en.md): The Wolfram Language represents vectors as lists, and never needs to distinguish between row and column cases. Vectors in the Wolfram Language can always mix numbers and arbitrary symbolic or algebraic elements. The Wolfram Language uses state-of-the-art algorithms to bring platform-optimized performance to operations on extremely long, dense, and sparse vectors.
- [Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Optimization.en.md): Integrated into the Wolfram Language is a full range of state-of-the-art local and global optimization techniques, both numeric and symbolic, including constrained nonlinear optimization, interior point methods, and integer programming--as well as original symbolic methods. The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture provides seamless access to industrial-strength system and model optimization, efficiently handling million-variable linear programming and multithousand-variable nonlinear ...
- [Options & Styling for Interactive Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OptionsAndStylingForInteractiveManipulation.en.md): Manipulate is an extremely powerful function that immediately creates complete dynamic interfaces, automatically optimized for usability and appearance. For specific applications, you can customize the behavior and display of Manipulate using a broad range of options.
- [Options Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OptionsManagement.en.md): Directly integrated into the Wolfram Language is a convenient symbolic options mechanism that allows arbitrary sequences of named parameters to be given to both built-in and user-defined functions.
- [Package Bulletproofing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PackageBulletproofing.en.md): The Wolfram Language makes it easy to bulletproof packages, and prevent features of their environment from affecting their internal operation.
- [Package Development](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PackageDevelopment.en.md): The Wolfram Language is to its core a fundamentally extensible system, in which efficient, modular, reusable packages of any size can readily be created. The Wolfram Language's symbolic program and interface architecture allows it to provide a uniquely flexible modern software development environment with many important original features.
- [Working with Paclets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Paclets.en.md): Paclets are a way to bundle arbitrary Wolfram Language functionality in a form that can be downloaded from a server and installed in any Wolfram Language system. A paclet can contain a large variety of elements, including new Wolfram Language functions, LibraryLink modules, stylesheets, palettes, settings for the Wolfram System, documentation notebooks or data files.
- [Page Layout & Printing Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PageLayoutAndPrintingControl.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to control how the pages in notebooks are laid out for printing. You can give a general specification in a stylesheet, or you can specify details for any notebook, either using menus, or under program control.
- [Palettes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Palettes.en.md): In the Wolfram System, a palette is just a notebook with a collection of controls such as buttons. A uniquely powerful consequence of the Wolfram Language's unified design is that a symbolic specification, easily built up by a program, can immediately be deployed as an active palette.
- [Palettes Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PalettesMenu.en.md): The Palettes menu provides access to both built-in and user-installed palettes.
- [Parallel Computation Setup & Configuration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ParallelComputationSetupAndConfiguration.en.md): The Wolfram Language automatically sets up the infrastructure for parallel computing on standard systems, and provides a variety of tools for sharing and synchronizing definitions across all kernels participating in a parallel computation.
- [Parallel Computing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ParallelComputing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a uniquely integrated and automated environment for parallel computing. With zero configuration, full interactivity, and seamless local and network operation, the symbolic character of the Wolfram Language allows immediate support of a variety of existing and new parallel programming paradigms and data-sharing models.
- [Parametric Random Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ParametricRandomProcesses.en.md): Parametric random processes are processes specified using a few parameters. They provide standard models for a variety of areas, including finance (interest rates, ...), insurance (claims process, ...), and physics (radioactive decay, ...). The Wolfram Language provides complete support for working with parametric random processes. The symbolic representation of a process makes it easy to simulate its behavior, estimate parameters from data, and compute state probabilities at different times. ...
- [Parametric Statistical Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ParametricStatisticalDistributions.en.md): In almost every area where probability and statistics are used there have been found a few parametric distribution families that are known to be good models. The origins vary from combinatorial arguments, such as in urn models, to transformations of existing distributions, to different kinds of limit processes. The collection of parametric distributions in the Wolfram Language has been selected in order to provide complete modeling frameworks for a variety of areas. The result is the most ...
- [Parts of Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PartsOfExpressions.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture allows immediate generalization of part-oriented list operations to arbitrary expressions--supporting operations both on individual parts, and on collections of parts at specified levels in expression trees.
- [Parts of Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PartsOfMatrices.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides several convenient methods for extracting and manipulating parts of matrices. The flexible [[ ]] (Part) and ;; (Span) syntaxes provide compact yet readable representations of operations on submatrices and matrix elements. The Wolfram Language's symbolic character also allows convenient pattern and rule-based element specifications.
- [Pattern Matching Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PatternMatchingFunctions.en.md): Pattern matching makes possible some of the most succinct and elegant programs in the Wolfram Language--immediately compressing large numbers of conditional cases into simple, readable and efficient pattern specifications.
- [Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Patterns.en.md): One of the unique strengths of the Wolfram Language is its powerful and succinct--yet highly readable--symbolic pattern language. Convenient both for immediate use in individual functions, and for systematic large-scale programming, the Wolfram Language's pattern language generalizes concepts like regular expressions to describe general patterns for arbitrary symbolic structures.
- [Partial Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PDEModelingAndAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language has powerful functionality based on the finite element method and the numerical method of lines for solving a wide variety of partial differential equations. The symbolic capabilities of the Wolfram Language make it possible to efficiently compute solutions from PDE models expressed as equations.
- [Partial Differential Equation Terms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PDEModeling.en.md): The Wolfram Language has powerful functionality for solving a wide variety of partial differential equations both symbolically and numerically. The symbolic capabilities of the Wolfram Language make it possible to efficiently set up PDE equations expressed as PDE terms that can be used by themselves or used as building blocks for assembling larger PDE components.
- [People & History](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PeopleAndHistory.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in access to an extensive collection of continually updated data on people and many kinds of history. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Permutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Permutations.en.md): Permutations are among the most basic elements of discrete mathematics. They can be used to represent discrete groups of transformations and in particular play a key role in the description of the concept of symmetry. The Wolfram Language provides new functionality to work with permutations, both in list and cyclic form, and allows their action on generic expressions in a variety of ways.
- [Persistent Storage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PersistentStorage.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides streamlined mechanisms for persistent storage between sessions, both locally and in the cloud.
- [Physics & Chemistry: Data and Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PhysicsAndChemistryDataAndComputation.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides seamless access to the curated and continuously updated Wolfram Knowledgebase--which includes a wide range of types of data for physics and chemistry. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing entities and data. The Wolfram Language also has built-in support for many common types of computations in physics and chemistry.
- [Plane Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PlaneGeometry.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated support for plane geometry, including basic regions such as points, lines, triangles, and disks; functions for computing basic properties such as arc length and area; and nearest points to solvers to find the intersection of regions or integrals over regions.
- [Plotting and Image Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PlottingAndImageRegions.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows convenient automated selection of plotting and image regions using a family of specially developed robust algorithms, as well as allowing detailed manual control, especially for optimization of image stability in animations and dynamic graphics.
- [Plotting Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PlottingOptions.en.md): With its core symbolic paradigm and immediate access to sophisticated numerical, symbolic, and geometric algorithms, the Wolfram Language is able to provide a uniquely flexible and unified framework for creating perceptually powerful graphics from functions and data--and for algorithmically highlighting features while maintaining aesthetic integrity.
- [Polygons](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Polygons.en.md): Polygons are used in many domains, including graphics to represent general shapes, geometry to represent regions and geography to represent areas. Polygons are simple yet powerful enough to approximate essentially any 2D shape. The Wolfram Language provides comprehensive support for polygon representation, visualization and computation. All the common definitions of polygons can easily be used, and polygons are deeply integrated in the system, including graphics, geometry and geography.
- [Polyhedra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Polyhedra.en.md): Polyhedra are used in many domains, including graphics to represent general shapes and geometry to represent solid regions. Polyhedra are simple yet powerful enough to approximate essentially any 3D solid. The Wolfram Language provides comprehensive support for polyhedra representation, visualization and computation. All the common definitions of polyhedra can easily be used, and polygons are deeply integrated in the system, including graphics and geometry.
- [Polynomial Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PolynomialAlgebra.en.md): Polynomial algorithms are at the core of classical computer algebra. Incorporating methods that span from antiquity to the latest cutting-edge research at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language has the world's broadest and deepest integrated web of polynomial algorithms. Carefully tuned strategies automatically select optimal algorithms, allowing large-scale polynomial algebra to become a routine part of many types of computations.
- [Polynomial Division](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PolynomialDivision.en.md): As with integers, operations related to division are key to many computations with polynomials. The Wolfram Language includes not only highly optimized univariate polynomial-division algorithms, but also state-of-the-art multivariate generalizations.
- [Polynomial Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PolynomialEquations.en.md): Packed into functions like Solve and Reduce are a wealth of sophisticated algorithms, many created specifically for the Wolfram Language. Routinely handling both dense and sparse polynomials with thousands of terms, the Wolfram Language can represent results in terms of numerical approximations, exact radicals or its unique symbolic Root object constructs.
- [Polynomial Factoring & Decomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PolynomialFactoring.en.md): Factoring a quadratic polynomial in one variable is straightforward. But the Wolfram Language routinely factors degree-100 polynomials in 3 variables--by making use of a tower of sophisticated algorithms, carefully tuned at Wolfram Research over the course of two decades.
- [Polynomial Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PolynomialSystems.en.md): The Wolfram Language's handling of polynomial systems is a tour de force of algebraic computation. Building on mathematical results spanning more than a century, the Wolfram Language for the first time implements complete efficient reduction of polynomial equation and inequality systems--making possible industrial-strength generalized algebraic geometry for many new applications.
- [Precision & Accuracy Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PrecisionAndAccuracyControl.en.md): The Wolfram Language has sophisticated built-in automatic numerical precision and accuracy control. But for special-purpose optimization of numerical computations, or for studying numerical analysis, the Wolfram Language also allows detailed control over precision and accuracy.
- [Precollege Education](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PrecollegeEducation.en.md): The Wolfram Language is widely used throughout the world for precollege education, in mathematics and many other fields. This page lists a few Wolfram Language functions used particularly often in mathematics education.
- [Presentations with the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PresentationsWithTheWolframSystem.en.md): The Wolfram System's unified computation and dynamic document architecture make possible a new level of interactive presentation--notably allowing finished slides on which full interactive input and dynamic computation can still be done. The Wolfram Language's cell-structured documents also conveniently allow calculations leading up to graphics or other elements to be maintained in the underlying document, but hidden for presentation.
- [Prime Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PrimeNumbers.en.md): The primes have been a focal point for investigations of numbers for more than two millennia. The Wolfram Language implements state-of-the-art algorithms for handling both primes and the advanced mathematics that has grown up around their study. Use Prime to quickly find the billionth prime, or Zeta to get empirical evidence related to the Riemann hypothesis.
- [Print Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/PrintFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can automatically export both individual graphics and complete documents to print-ready formats.
- [Probability & Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ProbabilityAndStatistics.en.md): Probability and statistics are used to model uncertainty from a variety of sources, such as incomplete or simplified models. Yet you can build useful models for aggregate or overall behavior of the system in question. These types of models are now universally used across all areas of science, technology, and business. The Wolfram Language uses symbolic distributions and processes as models for random variables and random processes. The models can be automatically computed from data or ...
- [Probability & Statistics with Quantities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ProbabilityWithQuantities.en.md): In everyday language, you use quantities with probability and statistics concepts surprisingly often, e.g. height distribution, cost distribution, temperature distribution, or for that matter mean weight or median voltage. It is typically because you deal with a whole collection of values perhaps from many measurements or simply many things. The Wolfram Language provides extensive support for both probability and statistics, as well as quantities and their integrated use. Data and ...
- [Procedural Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ProceduralProgramming.en.md): The Wolfram Language stands out from traditional computer languages in supporting many programming paradigms. Procedural programming is the only paradigm available in languages like C and Java, as well as most scripting languages. The Wolfram Language supports all standard procedural programming constructs, but often extends them through integration into its more general symbolic programming environment.
- [Text Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ProcessingTextualData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has uniquely flexible capabilities for processing textual data. It can operate at the level of strings and characters or at the level of words and sentences. It can also operate semantically, through its extensive built-in natural language understanding capabilities as well as its ability to use LLM functionality, including through the Wolfram Prompt Repository.
- [Programmable Linguistic Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ProgrammableLinguisticInterface.en.md): With powerful grammar primitives and immediate access to hundreds of built-in natural-language token types, the Wolfram Language provides a streamlined system for creating custom natural-language interfaces--and deploying them to the cloud for use in programs, notebooks, forms, and APIs.
- [Programmatic Notebook & Interface Customization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ProgrammaticNotebookAndInterfaceCustomization.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified architecture allows every aspect of the Wolfram System's interface to be controlled and specified programmatically using the symbolic constructs and functions of the Wolfram Language.
- [Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Properties.en.md): Properties, also known as attributes, are used to set and store values at a detailed level of complex objects in the Wolfram Language. User-extensible property support enables rich modeling capabilities for the objects that support them.
- [q Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/QFunctions.en.md): Introduced soon after ordinary hypergeometric functions, the q functions have long been studied as theoretical generalizations of hypergeometric and other functions. The Wolfram Language for the first time allows full numerical evaluation of q functions, as well as extensive symbolic manipulation--allowing routine use of q functions in closed forms for sums, products, recurrence equation solutions, and more.
- [Question Interface Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/QuestionInterfaceTypes.en.md): The question and assessment framework provides many different interfaces for presenting and answering questions. Interface types define the controls, styles and layouts of question objects.
- [Questions and Assessment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/QuestionsAndAssessment.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in course tools for writing and assessing questions for course material and other purposes. Questions support a wide range of interfaces, as well as fully customizable automated assessment. Question notebooks provide a notebook interface for writing and distributing quizzes and related question-based documents.
- [Queueing Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/QueueingProcesses.en.md): A queueing process is a model of waiting lines, constructed so that queue length and waiting times can be predicted. Networks of connected queues allow similar models for more complex situations where routing between queues plays a role. Queues are used frequently in man-made systems, including communications (network routing, packet switching, ...), computers (server scheduling, workload scheduling, ...), customer service (call center, technical support, ...), and health care (surgery ...
- [Random Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RandomGraphs.en.md): Random graphs following a distribution model the mechanism by which the graph is formed, such as adding links to a web page or citations to a paper. These distributions make it possible to study simulated internets, communication networks, citation graphs, social networks, etc. Building on its strong capabilities for distributions, the Wolfram Language provides cohesive and comprehensive random graph support. Using a symbolic representation of a graph distribution makes it easy to simulate its ...
- [Random Number Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RandomNumberGeneration.en.md): Based on original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language's core randomness generation is both highly efficient and of exceptional quality. The Wolfram Language can produce both discrete and continuous randomness, with a wide range of distributions conveniently specified in symbolic form.
- [Random Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RandomProcesses.en.md): A random process models the progression of a system over time, where the evolution is random rather than deterministic. The key point is that observations that are close in time are dependent, and this can be used to model, simulate, and predict the behavior of the process. Random processes are used in a variety of fields including economics, finance, engineering, physics, and biology. Building on its strong capabilities for distributions, the Wolfram Language provides cohesive and ...
- [Random Variables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RandomVariables.en.md): A random variable--unlike a normal variable--does not have a specific value, but rather a range of values and a density that gives different probabilities of obtaining values for each subset. This can be used to model uncertainty, whether from incomplete or simplified models. Random variables are used extensively in areas such as social science, science, engineering, and finance. The Wolfram Language uses symbolic distributions to represent a random variable. In the Wolfram Language, you can ...
- [Raspberry Pi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RaspberryPi.en.md): A full version of the Wolfram Language is available for the Raspberry Pi computer and comes bundled with the Raspbian operating system. Programs can be run from a Pi command line or as a background process, as well as through a notebook interface on the Pi or on a remote computer. On the Pi, the Wolfram Language supports direct programmatic access to standard Pi ports and devices.
- [Raster Image Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RasterImageFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can export anything it displays--graphics, text, formulas, notebooks--to any standard raster image format. It can also import from such formats to give Wolfram Language symbolic graphics, arrays of values, or metadata in various forms.
- [Rational Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RationalFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language can efficiently handle both univariate and multivariate rational functions, with built-in functions immediately implementing standard algebraic transformations.
- [Rearranging & Restructuring Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RearrangingAndRestructuringLists.en.md): The Wolfram Language encapsulates in a small number of functions vast flexibility in rearranging lists with any structure and any number of elements.
- [Recently Added Features](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RecentlyAddedFeatures.en.md): Release announcement, Release announcement, Listing of new & updated functions, Listing of new & updated functions, Revision history, Revision history, Release announcement Listing of new & updated functions Revision history , Release announcement, Release announcement, Listing of new & updated functions, Listing of new & updated functions, Revision history, Revision history, Release announcement Listing of new & updated functions Revision history , Release announcement, Release announcement, ...
- [Recurrence and Sum Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RecurrenceAndSumFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a wide coverage of named functions defined by sums and recurrence relations. Often using original algorithms developed at Wolfram Research, the Wolfram Language supports highly efficient exact evaluation even for results involving millions of digits.
- [Regular & Coordinate Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RegularAndCoordinateArrays.en.md): Many operations and algorithms involve creating regular grids in space, in which each point corresponds to a certain coordinate position. These grids are conveniently represented in different ways for different purposes; the Wolfram Language provides a collection of functions for generating, analyzing, and converting grids.
- [Relational Operators & Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RelationalOperatorsAndCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports a large collection of relational operator characters, each of which can also be used as an element of Wolfram Language syntax, representing a formal operator named after the character.
- [Reliability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Reliability.en.md): Reliability of a component is the probability that it will function for a specified period of time. This is modeled as a lifetime distribution. A system built from independent components will itself have a lifetime distribution that can be computed from component lifetime distributions and system structure (parallel, series, ...). Reliability is often used for safety reasons (nuclear, offshore, aerospace, ...) as well as for economic reasons (warranties, customer satisfaction, ...). The ...
- [Remote Batch Jobs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RemoteBatchJobs.en.md): The Wolfram Language supplies a framework for submitting asynchronous jobs to various batch computation providers and subsequently querying submitted jobs for their status and results. Through Wolfram Compute Services, the WolframBatch provider handles all configuration and orchestration to let you instantly and robustly run any computation at supercomputer scale, with access to large-scale parallelism, large memory, large GPUs, etc.
- [Remote Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RemoteComputation.en.md): The Wolfram Language has seamless support for distributed remote computation. Through the symbolic character of the language, it becomes possible to define streamlined mechanisms for exchanging code and data between instances of the Wolfram Language on different computers.
- [Representation of Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RepresentationOfNumbers.en.md): The Wolfram Language handles both integers and real numbers with any number of digits, automatically tagging numerical precision when appropriate. The Wolfram Language internally uses several highly optimized number representations, but nevertheless provides a uniform interface for digit and precision manipulation, while allowing numerical analysts to study representation details when desired.
- [Resource Sharing in Parallel Computing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ResourceSharingInParallelComputing.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic parallel computation architecture provides a uniquely convenient mechanism for communicating and sharing resources between parallel processes. Its foundation is a virtual shared memory model, implemented on top of WSTP-based message passing, running seamlessly on arbitrary clusters or networks of processors.
- [Robust Descriptive Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RobustDescriptiveStatistics.en.md): Descriptive statistics with consistent performance against data from different distributions are considered robust, as they are less affected by outliers. These estimators are generally defined via order statistics or optimizing certain objective functions of data.
- [Robustness & Error Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RobustnessAndErrorHandling.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a variety of mechanisms for detecting and managing errors and for helping ensure that programs are robust and operate as intended. The Confirm family of functions allows various forms of error conditions to be checked during the execution of a program, with program execution immediately terminated when errors are detected. Enclose defines the scope in a program in which errors will be caught.
- [Rules & Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RulesAndPatterns.en.md): At the core of the Wolfram Language's symbolic programming paradigm is the concept of transformation rules for arbitrary symbolic patterns. The Wolfram Language's pattern language conveniently describes a very general set of classes of expressions, making possible uniquely readable, elegant and efficient programs.
- [Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Rules.en.md): Everything that the Wolfram Language does can be thought of as derived from its ability to apply general transformation rules to arbitrary symbolic expressions. The Wolfram Language provides flexible functions that give direct access to the Wolfram Language's powerful rule transformation engine.
- [Scientific & Medical Data Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ScientificAndMedicalDataFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can import from a variety of file formats commonly used in physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, biology, medicine, and physiology.
- [Scientific Data Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ScientificDataAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language has unparalleled scientific data analysis capabilities, building on its strong base of algorithms, ability to represent and manipulate models symbolically, and integrated representation of real-world quantities and entities.
- [Scientific Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ScientificModels.en.md): A major feature of the Wolfram Language is its deep coverage of all common approaches to scientific models and modeling. The Wolfram Language allows models to be represented, manipulated, solved, simulated, and visualized. It also includes extensive data on specific named models.
- [Scoping Constructs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ScopingConstructs.en.md): The flexibility of the Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture is reflected in its rich collection of carefully defined constructs for localization and modularization. The use of multiple forms of scoping allows for more elegant, readable and efficient programs, supports the concept of programs as data, and allows direct correspondence with mathematical notions of variables.
- [Segmentation Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SegmentationAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a variety of low- and high-level image segmentation techniques from clustering, watershed and region growing to semantic and object segmentation using neural networks. Segmentation functions can be used together with a rich set of functions for pre- and post-processing for more robust results as well as analysis functions performed on the result of the segmentation.
- [Selecting and Typing in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SelectingAndTypingInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many special features that optimize the entry and editing of both ordinary text and Wolfram Language input in notebooks.
- [Sequence Alignment & Comparison](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SequenceAlignmentAndComparison.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes state-of-the-art algorithms for sequence alignment and comparison, capable of handling strings and lists containing very large numbers of elements.
- [Series Expansions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SeriesExpansions.en.md): Power series are in many ways the algebraic analog of limited-precision numbers. The Wolfram Language can generate series approximations to virtually any combination of built-in mathematical functions. It will then automatically combine series, truncating to the correct order. The Wolfram Language supports not only ordinary power series, but also Laurent series and Puiseux series, as well as complex asymptotic expansions for special functions with elaborate branch cut structures. Many of the ...
- [Session Customization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SessionCustomization.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows almost every aspect of sessions to be customized, under full programmatic control.
- [Setting Persistent Values](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SettingPersistentValues.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows values to be set up to be persistent beyond a single invocation of the language. The persistent values can be stored in a variety of locations, locally or in the cloud. Values can either be retrieved from a single location or can be aggregated from multiple locations. Persistent values are used, for example, to support web sessions, and also for general system initialization.
- [Setting Up User Interactions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SettingUpUserInteractions.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports a full range of user interaction models, all defined by symbolic specifications that can be deployed both in a notebook and in the cloud.
- [Shapes, Icons, and Related Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ShapesIconsAndRelatedCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only allows you to mix arbitrary graphics into text, but also provides convenient font characters for some common shapes and icons.
- [Sharing & Embedding Content](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SharingAndEmbeddingContent.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides flexible mechanisms for sharing and embedding content in many environments, both in the cloud and in specific systems.
- [Signal Visualization & Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SignalAnalysis.en.md): Signal analysis is the task of transforming, manipulating and interpreting signals to extract useful information and gain insight into the properties of the systems that created them. The role of signal visualization is to graphically display signals to make the relevant patterns, trends and anomalies visible to the human eye.
- [Signal Filtering & Filter Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SignalFilteringAndFilterDesign.en.md): In signal processing, the process of filtering a signal typically involves removing unwanted components such as noise and enhancing wanted features such as peaks or trends. Filters are systems that are designed to transform a signal in some desired way. Filters can be algorithms, mathematical models or electrical circuits. Filter design is the process of determining the filter components or coefficients to meet specific filtering requirements.
- [Signal Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SignalProcessing.en.md): Signals are sequences over time and occur in many different domains, including technical (speed, acceleration, temperature, ...), medical (ECG, EEG, blood pressure, ...) and financial (stock prices, commodity prices, exchange rates, ...). Signal processing involves transforming and filtering signals to improve quality and extract information, as well as detecting events. The Wolfram Language has powerful signal processing capabilities, including digital and analog filter design, filtering, and ...
- [Signal Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SignalTransforms.en.md): Integral and summation transforms play a foundational role in analysis of linear time-invariant (LTI) filters. Laplace, Z, Fourier and wavelet transforms give users and filter designers the necessary tools to filter, analyze and visualize signals and systems in the frequency and time-frequency domains.
- [Social Network Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SocialNetworks.en.md): Social networks represent relationships involving social entities such as friendships among individuals, communication in a group, or transactions between corporations. Finding important actors, discovering cohesive groups or communities, or identifying actors that are similar in some way are all examples of analysis that can be done for social networks. Building on its strong graph capabilities, the Wolfram Language allows you to model and analyze networks in a flexible and powerful way. ...
- [Socioeconomic & Demographic Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SocioeconomicAndDemographicData.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides seamless access to the curated and continuously updated Wolfram Knowledgebase, which includes a wide range of types of socioeconomic and demographic data. Free-form linguistics provides a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Solid Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SolidGeometry.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated support for solid geometry, including basic regions such as points, lines, planes, and spheres; functions for computing basic properties such as arc length, surface area, and volume; and nearest points to solvers to find the intersection of regions or integrals over regions.
- [Solid Mechanics PDEs and Boundary Conditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SolidMechanicsPDEModels.en.md): Solid mechanics is the field of physics that models mechanical deformation, strain and stress of solids under load.
- [Sound and Sonification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SoundAndSonification.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports state-of-the-art sound generation, providing both arbitrary waveform synthesis from functions and data, and symbolic note-based MIDI-style sound synthesis. It also supports translation of arbitrary text, math, programs, and graphics to speech.
- [Sparse Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SparseArrays.en.md): The Wolfram Language has special sparse-array technology for efficiently handling arrays with literally astronomical numbers of elements when only a small fraction of the elements are nonzero. The Wolfram Language's linear algebra and all standard list operations can be done in symbolic form on SparseArray objects, in which nonzero elements are specified by giving rules--potentially including patterns--for the values of elements at particular positions.
- [Spatial Estimation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpatialEstimation.en.md): Spatial data is, of course, everywhere. For some areas it is important enough to measure and model, including: weather (temperature, precipitation, wind speed, ...), energy (solar irradiance, average wind speed, hydrocarbons, ...), minerals (rare earth metals, gold, ...), pollution (ozone, nitric oxide, ...), agriculture (soil nutrition levels, ground water levels, ...). And as the cost of getting spatial data is declining quickly, much more is available. The Wolfram Language provides the ...
- [Spatial Point Collections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpatialPointCollections.en.md): Spatial point configurations are collections of points (or events) in space. Examples include the location of trees in a forest, the location of gold deposits, the location of stars, the location of earthquakes, crime locations, animal sightings, etc. Often the objective is to quantify trends in the density of points, presence of clustering or regularity and to give models that can generate similar point patterns. Spatial point pattern and point process analysis is used in ecology, ...
- [Spatial Point Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpatialPointProcesses.en.md): Spatial point processes are models for spatial point configurations. They can be used to generate random point configurations following that model. This is often useful for generating data or designs, such as a Poisson forest. Conversely, given point data, the best-fitting point process that could have generated that data can be estimated. This gives close coupling between data and models. The Wolfram Language provides a rich collection of point process models, which, together with random ...
- [Spatial Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpatialStatistics.en.md): Spatial statistics deals with spatial data. There are two fundamentally different views. The first involves a continuous value associated with each spatial point, e.g. temperature, elevation or ozone concentration. In this case, spatial estimation of the value anywhere is a key task. The second view involves the spatial point as an event, e.g. tree location, earthquake location or crime location. In this case, getting statistical measures of center, density and homogeneity of the point ...
- [Special Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpecialCharacters.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only has systemwide support for arbitrary Unicode characters, but also includes nearly a thousand carefully designed characters for mathematical notation and technical presentation--all fully integrated into the Wolfram Language's input, output, and graphics.
- [Special Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpecialFunctions.en.md): Two decades of intense R&D at Wolfram Research have given the Wolfram Language by far the world's broadest and deepest coverage of special functions--and greatly expanded the whole domain of practical closed-form solutions. Often using original results and methods, all special functions in the Wolfram Language support arbitrary-precision evaluation for all complex values of parameters, arbitrary series expansion even at branch points, and an immense web of exact relations, transformations, and ...
- [Speech Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpeechComputation.en.md): Speech computation consists of processing speech signals and analyzing them to infer information. Operations include changing the speaker pitch, detecting voiced intervals and recognizing the speaker or the speech. The Wolfram Language provides built-in and fully integrated audio processing, statistical analysis, visualization and machine learning, which enables easy-to-prototype and highly efficient speech computations.
- [Spheroidal and Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SpheroidalAndRelatedFunctions.en.md): 
- [Splines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Splines.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports state-of-the-art splines for use both in graphics and computational applications. The Wolfram Language allows not just cubic splines, but splines of any degree--for curves, surfaces, and in general manifolds of any dimension. The Wolfram Language can not only handle and import splines numerically, but can also represent them as explicit piecewise symbolic functions, fully integrated with all the Wolfram Language's computational functionality.
- [Standalone Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StandAloneInterfaces.en.md): The Wolfram Language not only allows you to create interfaces within its usual notebook framework, but also to create complex standalone interfaces that customize the whole user experience.
- [Standalone Wolfram Language Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StandaloneWolframLanguageKernels.en.md): The Wolfram Language and its computation capabilities can be accessed not only through its rich interactive notebook interface, but also directly through a command-line interface--allowing the Wolfram Language to be used in large-scale batch mode or as the world's most powerful scripting language, fully integrated into any computational environment.
- [Wolfram System Standard Extra Packages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StandardExtraPackages.en.md): Each version of the Wolfram System comes with a variety of standard extra packages that provide specific additional functionality. The specific code of these packages can be expected to be runnable in future versions of the Wolfram System, but their general functionality will often be incorporated directly into the core Wolfram System, though usually with detailed changes.
- [Standard Namespaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StandardNamespaces.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows arbitrary hierarchical namespaces. However, several standard contexts are conventionally used for predefined purposes.
- [Statistical Distribution Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StatisticalDistributionFunctions.en.md): There are a variety of ways to describe probability distributions such as probability density or mass, cumulative versions of density and mass, inverses of the cumulative descriptions, or hazard functions. The distribution functions can be computed for all symbolic distributions whether parametric, nonparametric, derived, or formula distribution. Distribution functions can be used to show that two distributions are equal in distribution or compare goodness of fit to data using hypothesis ...
- [Statistical Model Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StatisticalModelAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture makes possible a uniquely convenient approach to working with statistical models. Starting from arbitrary data, the Wolfram Language generates symbolic representations of fitted models, from which a full spectrum of results and diagnostics can immediately be extracted, visualized, or used in other computations.
- [Statistical Moments and Generating Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StatisticalMomentsAndGeneratingFunctions.en.md): A variety of moments or combinations of moments are used to summarize a distribution or data. Mean is used to indicate a center location, variance and standard deviation are used to indicate dispersion and covariance, and correlation to indicate dependence. The Wolfram Language fully supports moments of any order, univariate or multivariate, for symbolic distributions and data. You can automatically convert between different moment representations as well as automatically derive unbiased ...
- [Statistical Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StatisticalVisualization.en.md): Statistical visualization is used to understand how data is distributed and how that compares to other datasets and distributions. Histograms and smooth histograms both effectively estimate the various distribution functions, either through binning or smoothing. Quantile and related plots compare data to a reference distribution. Box-and-whisker and distribution charts compare a number of data distributions to each other. All the statistical visualization functions provide high levels of ...
- [Statistical Data Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Statistics.en.md): The Wolfram Language integrates many aspects of statistical data analysis, from getting and exploring data to building high-quality models and deducing consequences. The Wolfram Language provides multiple ways to get data, starting with built-in curated data sources, importing from a variety of file formats, or connecting to databases. Basic processing of data, including computing statistical quantities, smoothing, testing, and visualizing, gives a first level of analysis. By adding models to ...
- [Stochastic Differential Equation Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StochasticDifferentialEquationProcesses.en.md): Stochastic differential equations (sdes) occur where a system described by differential equations is influenced by random noise. Stochastic differential equations are used in finance (interest rate, stock prices, ...), biology (population, epidemics, ...), physics (particles in fluids, thermal noise, ...), and control and signal processing (controller, filtering, ...). The Wolfram Language provides common special sdes specified by a few parameters as well as general Ito and Stratonovich sdes ...
- [Stream Methods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StreamMethods.en.md): Stream methods allow Wolfram Language users to extend the low-level input and output stream operations to storage systems other than files, or to perform translations such as compression or encryption.
- [String Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StringManipulation.en.md): Integrated into the core Wolfram Language is industrial-strength string manipulation, not only with ordinary regular expressions but also with the Wolfram Language's own powerful general symbolic string-pattern language.
- [String Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StringOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language incorporates the latest highly efficient algorithms to allow operations on strings with millions of elements, all making use of the Wolfram Language's unique symbolic string patterns.
- [String Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StringPatterns.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic string patterns provide a compact yet readable basis for sophisticated string operations. Included directly in programs, or symbolically generated on the fly, the Wolfram Language's string patterns can routinely be used on strings with millions of elements.
- [Structural Operations on Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StructuralOperationsOnExpressions.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture immediately allows it to perform structural transformations not only on objects like lists, but also on general symbolic expressions that can represent concrete or abstract data of any kind.
- [Structured Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StructuredArrays.en.md): Structured arrays are vectors, matrices and arrays with special structure that allows for efficient specification and representation as well as efficient computation. Structured arrays complement packed arrays (arrays with single type for all elements) and sparse arrays (arrays where most elements are zero). Structured arrays occur in all computational domains and typically enable efficiency breakthroughs years or decades before general unstructured arrays can tackle the same problem. The ...
- [Structured Data in the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StructuredDataInTheCloud.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows structured data consisting of nested lists and associations to be stored persistently in the cloud, and to have parts that are directly manipulated in place in the cloud. Cloud expressions allow for persistent mutable structures to be created in the cloud.
- [The Structured Package Format](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StructuredPackageFormat.en.md): The Structured Package Format provides a way to organize Wolfram Language packages so that they are easier to design, write and maintain.
- [Structure Matrices & Convolution Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/StructureMatricesAndConvolutionKernels.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides built-in functions for generating standard structure matrices and convolution kernels in any number of dimensions, in a form that can be used directly in image processing, linear algebra, or other applications.
- [Stylesheets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Stylesheets.en.md): The Wolfram System supports a sophisticated symbolic cascading stylesheet mechanism that allows modular control of all aspects of notebook formatting and operation.
- [Summary of New Features in 10](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn100.en.md): A list of key new features since 9.
- [Summary of New Features in 10.1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn101.en.md): A list of key new features since 10.0.
- [Summary of New Features in 10.2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn102.en.md): A list of key new features since 10.1.
- [Summary of New Features in 10.3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn103.en.md): A list of key new features since 10.2.
- [Summary of New Features in 10.4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn104.en.md): A list of key new features since 10.3.
- [Summary of Features in 11.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn110.en.md): A list of key new features since 10.4, including features experimental in 11.0.
- [Summary of New Features in 11.1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn111.en.md): A list of key new features since 11.0, including features experimental in 11.1.
- [Summary of New Features in 11.2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn112.en.md): A list of key new features since 11.1, including features experimental in 11.2.
- [Summary of New Features in 11.3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn113.en.md): A list of key new features since 11.2, including features experimental in 11.3.
- [Summary of New Features in 11](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn11.en.md): A list of key new features since 10, including features experimental in 11.
- [Summary of New Features in 12.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn120.en.md): A list of key new features since 11.3, including features experimental in 12.0.
- [Summary of New Features in 12.1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn121.en.md): A list of key new features since 12.0, including features experimental in 12.1.
- [Summary of New Features in 12.2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn122.en.md): A list of key new features since 12.1, including features experimental in 12.2.
- [Summary of New Features in 12.3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn123.en.md): A list of key new features since 12.2, including features experimental in 12.3.
- [Summary of New Features in 12](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn12.en.md): A list of key new features since 11, including features experimental in 12.
- [Summary of New Features in 13.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn130.en.md): A list of key new features since 12.3, including features experimental in 13.0.
- [Summary of New Features in 13.1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn131.en.md): A list of key new features since 13.0, including features experimental in 13.1.
- [Summary of New Features in 13.2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn132.en.md): A list of key new features since 13.1, including features experimental in 13.2.
- [Summary of New Features in 13.3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn133.en.md): A list of key new features since 13.2, including features experimental in 13.3.
- [Summary of New Features in 13](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn13.en.md): A list of key new features since 12.0, including features experimental in 13.0.
- [Summary of New and Improved Features in 14.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn140.en.md): A list of key new and improved features since 13.3, including features experimental in 14.0.
- [Summary of New and Improved Features in 14.1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn141.en.md): A list of key new and improved features since 14.0, including features experimental in 14.1.
- [Summary of New and Improved Features in 14.2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn142.en.md): A list of key new and improved features since Version 14.1, including features experimental in Version 14.2.
- [Summary of New and Improved Features in 14.3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn143.en.md): A list of key new and improved features since Version 14.2, including features experimental in Version 14.3.
- [Summary of New Features in 14](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn14.en.md): A list of key new and improved features since 13.0, including features experimental in 14.0.
- [Summary of New and Improved Features in 15.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn150.en.md): A list of key new and improved features since Version 14.3, including features experimental in Version 15.0.
- [Summary of New Features in 6.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn60.en.md): Wolfram System 6.0 fundamentally redefined the Wolfram System and introduced a major new paradigm for computation. Building on the Wolfram System's time-tested core symbolic architecture, Version 6.0 added nearly a thousand new functions--almost doubling the total number of functions in the system--dramatically increasing both the breadth and depth of the Wolfram System's capabilities, as well as introducing hundreds of major original algorithms, and perhaps a thousand new ideas, large and ...
- [Summary of New Features in 7.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn70.en.md): The introduction of Mathematica 6 in 2007 represented a revolutionary redefinition of Mathematica. Arriving only 18 months after Mathematica 6, Mathematica 7 represents another major R&D achievement, building on more than 20 years of Mathematica development, broadening and deepening almost every major area of the system, and adding several key new areas to the domain of Mathematica.
- [Summary of New Features in 8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn80.en.md): A list of key new features since 7.
- [Summary of New Features in 9](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn90.en.md): A list of key new features since 8.
- [Summation Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummationTransforms.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes support for an exceptionally wide range of symbolic and numeric summation transforms, to acknowledge the key role played by these transforms in fields such as signal processing, control systems, statistics and number theory.
- [Supervised Machine Learning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SupervisedMachineLearning.en.md): Supervised machine learning is the attempt to classify data or predict outcomes using mathematical models trained on labeled datasets. It is used to solve problems such as score estimation (customer satisfaction, quality assessment, ...), forecasting (prices, agricultural yields, ...) and data classification (spam detection, copyrighted or violent content, ...). The Wolfram Language has support for all the most common supervised learning algorithms, conveniently packaged into high-level ...
- [Survival Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SurvivalAnalysis.en.md): Survival analysis deals with time to an event in systems. Events can be death in biological systems and failure in technical systems, but the event may be something entirely different, such as divorce, relapse of a disease, or an insurance claim. Often the time to an event is not known exactly, but is known to fall in some interval; this is called censoring. The Wolfram Language allows you to specify time-to-event data in a flexible (censor intervals, indicators, or counts) and powerful ...
- [Symbol Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SymbolHandling.en.md): Wolfram Language symbols are the ultimate atoms of symbolic data. Every symbol has a unique name, exists in a certain Wolfram Language context or namespace, and can have a variety of types of values and attributes.
- [Symbolic Vectors, Matrices and Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SymbolicArrays.en.md): By using a symbol to represent a vector, matrix or array, one gets an efficient notation to model a mathematical problem. Indeed, most scientific, engineering and statistical domains have transitioned to use this type of more abstract and efficient notation. The Wolfram Language has a rich symbolic array language to describe problems. Most high-level solvers support symbolic array expressions and array variables, making it easy and efficient to specify high-dimensional problems.
- [Symbolic Execution History](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SymbolicExecutionHistory.en.md): The Wolfram Language can represent not only data and programs, but also the execution history of programs, as symbolic expressions--which can be displayed, manipulated, and analyzed using the full power of the Wolfram Language.
- [Symbolic Graphics Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SymbolicGraphicsLanguage.en.md): The Wolfram Language uses the powerful idea of building up all 2D and 3D graphics from symbolic primitives--which can be manipulated using all standard Wolfram Language functions and seamlessly integrated with text, math, or tables. Symbolic graphics can also be used as input--and can be made dynamic and interactive.
- [Symbolic Notational Forms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SymbolicNotationalForms.en.md): Built into the Wolfram Language are hundreds of powerful notational forms that can be arbitrarily combined and immediately accessed through their symbolic representations. Many common forms can also be input through keyboard shortcuts.
- [Symbolic Tensors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SymbolicTensors.en.md): Tensors are fundamental tools for linear computations, generalizing vectors and matrices to higher ranks. The Wolfram Language includes powerful methods to algebraically manipulate tensors with any rank and symmetry. It handles both tensors given as arrays of components and symbolic tensors given as members of specific tensor domains.
- [Wolfram Language Syntax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Syntax.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a rich syntax carefully designed for consistency and efficient, readable entry of the Wolfram Language's many language, mathematical, and other constructs. In addition to ordinary linear ASCII input, the Wolfram Language also supports full 2D mathematical input.
- [Synthetic Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SyntheticGeometry.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides not only extensive support for analytic geometry, but also support for the symbolic representation of synthetic geometry scenes in a form suitable for automated coordinate-independent reasoning, as well as automated visualization.
- [System & License Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemAndLicenseManagement.en.md): The Wolfram System has flexible capabilities for per-machine or network license management.
- [Systematic Testing & Verification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystematicTestingAndVerification.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated support for creating, maintaining, and verifying tests for functions and packages written in the Wolfram Language. Using either a plain text format or a rich notebook interface, you can create and run tests on demand. Additionally, the Wolfram Language also allows you to convert regular notebooks to testing notebooks using a simple toolbar.
- [System Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemInformation.en.md): The Wolfram System gives convenient machine-independent programmatic access to a broad range of information about your computer system.
- [System Model Analytics & Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemModelAnalyticsDesign.en.md): Model analytics creates insight by analyzing simulation data, using everything from general visualization and summarization to specialized and dedicated analysis functionality. The Wolfram Language makes custom analysis for specific domains or use cases easy. Model design attempts to change or improve system behavior by modifying or optimizing system inputs, parameters or other properties of the system. Advanced simulation control in combination with powerful Wolfram Language features provides ...
- [System Model Creation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemModelCreation.en.md): Models can easily be created from many kinds of sources, such as systems of differential equations, state-space models, data or existing component models. Combining these makes for a very powerful toolbox for programmatic model creation. The Wolfram SystemModeler product provides an interactive graphical interface for drag-and-drop model creation and exploration. With shared state and seamless switching, the two user interfaces complement each other with fully integrated workflows.
- [System Modeling Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemModelingConnectivity.en.md): Importing Modelica models allows you to directly use and build upon models, libraries and components from many domains and communities. Exporting models as FMUs makes integration easy in a variety of environments, such as other modeling tools, as well as systems that include hardware or software components. The Wolfram SystemModeler product provides an interactive graphical interface for model creation, exploration and simulation. With shared state and seamless switching, the two user ...
- [System Modeling Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemModelingOverview.en.md): Models of dynamic systems are an important tool for understanding, design and analysis in many domains, including mechanical systems, electrical systems, information systems, industrial systems, life sciences, social sciences and many more. Furthermore, most real-world applications include multiple such domains in the same system, interacting dynamically over domain boundaries. The system modeling functionality in the Wolfram Language provides powerful tools for simulation, analytics and ...
- [System Model Simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemModelSimulation.en.md): Simulation is a vital tool in understanding, designing and parametrizing real-world systems. The Wolfram Language provides a strong collection of functionality for simulation, visualization and parameter exploration of such systems. The Wolfram System Modeler product provides an interactive graphical interface for simulation exploration and automatic 3D animation of results. With shared state and seamless switching, the two user interfaces complement each other with fully integrated workflows.
- [Systems & Utility Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemsAndUtilityFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows data stored in standard systems formats to be analyzed and synthesized using the full power of the Wolfram Language.
- [Systems Modeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemsModeling.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a wide range of functionality for modeling, simulating and analyzing different kinds of systems. This includes systems of differential equations, partial differential equations, hierarchical multidomain systems and control systems, as well as statistically based systems such as queueing systems and reliability analysis.
- [Systems-Related String Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SystemsRelatedStringOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes flexible functions for conveniently handling strings related to systems-level operations.
- [Tabular & Spreadsheet Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularAndSpreadsheetFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can export tables of numerical and textual data to any common spreadsheet file format or as formatted text. It can also import from such formats to give Wolfram Language arrays and metadata in various forms.
- [Tabular Data Cleaning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularCleaning.en.md): Data cleaning is the process of preparing data and removing obstacles for further processing. Data cleaning tends to use lots of resources in a data science project, so by providing multiple tools for the different cleaning tasks, they can be made routine and more automatic. The Wolfram Language provides a rich collection of data cleaning tools. There are structural cleaning tools that change the structure of data, from splitting and combining columns to pivoting between column values and ...
- [Tabular Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularCommunication.en.md): Tabular communication is covering ways that you can communicate data insights and understanding to many more people so that they can become actionable. The Wolfram Language provides a number of different mechanisms to communicate, from tables and visualizations to templated reports and dashboards.
- [Tabular Data Sources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularDataSources.en.md): Tabular data is ubiquitous and occurs in many types of file formats, including spreadsheet formats (csv, ...), statistical formats (sav, ...) and tabular formats (parquet, ...). Tabular data is extensively used in data storage systems, including relational databases (sqlite, ...) and the built-in Wolfram entities. The Wolfram Language provides an extensive data access pipeline covering the multitude of data sources needed. It provides performant data access enabling large-scale data ...
- [Tabular Modeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularModeling.en.md): Models of data range from simple summarization to detailed distribution characterization to regression models for prediction and classification. The model artifacts are typically used for insight to explain data or to answer questions in place of data. The Wolfram Language has a rich repertoire of modeling capabilities that can be easily used directly with tabular data.
- [Tabular Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularObjects.en.md): Tabular data is data structured like a two-dimensional table, with each column of data representing a variable and being of the same type, such as numbers or dates, and each row representing a measurement of all the column variables. Tabular is the key object created and transformed in structured data science. This guide contains the core object and basic operations, such as creation and extraction of information.
- [Tabular Processing Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularProcessing.en.md): Tabular data is data structured like a two-dimensional table, with each column of data representing a variable and being of the same type, such as numbers or dates, and each row representing a measurement of all the column variables. Tabular data is ubiquitous, such as in relational and multidimensional databases, spreadsheets and tabular data formats. Tabular data is easy to transform, visualize and model for insights. The Wolfram Language provides state-of-art functionality for tabular ...
- [Tabular Transformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularTransformation.en.md): Tabular transformations are typically used to refine data in a way that makes insights and understanding obvious. They range from simple augmentation of data by deriving new columns from existing ones to summarizing data into different groups. Often transformations are used in conjunction with other tasks, such as visualization and modeling. The Wolfram Language provides a set of highly optimized tabular transformation functions that are easy to use and scale to large data.
- [Tabular Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TabularVisualization.en.md): Visualizing tabular data is typically the first step to discovery and insight that will prompt additional questions. Different aspects of data can be visualized, such as summaries, distributions, clustering, correlation and dependence and many more. The visual insights are typically further refined by transformation and modeling. The Wolfram Language provides a rich palette of visualization functions, and Tabular data can easily be visualized by using the columns as data variables in most ...
- [Tensors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Tensors.en.md): The Wolfram Language's uniform representation of vectors and matrices as lists automatically extends to tensors of any rank, allowing the Wolfram Language's powerful list manipulation functions immediately to be applied to tensors, both numerical and symbolic.
- [Testing Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TestingExpressions.en.md): Wolfram Language symbolic expressions can represent an immense range of types of objects. The Wolfram Language provides a rich collection of functions to test expressions. Functions that ask a question have names that end in Q. They return True for an explicit true answer, and False otherwise.
- [Text Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextAnalysis.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes increasingly sophisticated tools for analyzing and visualizing text, both structurally and semantically.
- [Text Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextConstruction.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a variety of tools for synthesizing text and for going from symbolic forms to natural language.
- [Alphabetical Listing of Text Content Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextContentTypeAlphabeticalListing.en.md): 
- [Text Content Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextContentTypes.en.md): Natural language processing functions such as TextCases, TextPosition and TextContents allow many different types of content to be identified in text. Some of these types of content are structural or grammatical, while others relate to semantic interpretation.
- [Text Layout Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextLayoutOptions.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides detailed symbolic control over all aspects of text layout. Placing separate blocks or paragraphs in separate cells also immediately allows the Wolfram Language's full cell-oriented notebook-styling capabilities to be applied to text.
- [Text Normalization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextNormalization.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides powerful knowledge-based tools for normalizing text in preparation for text analysis, visualization, etc.
- [Text Search](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextSearch.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides integrated, highly efficient capabilities for searching large volumes of text. In typical usage, an index is built for a collection of documents, then repeated searches are performed with this index. The index can be incrementally updated whenever needed.
- [Text Styling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextStyling.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows arbitrary styling of any form of text to be specified either interactively from menus and commands--or programmatically using its powerful symbolic representation of styling.
- [Textual Elements in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextualElementsInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic document architecture makes it possible to have flowing text contain any kind of object--including math, graphics or dynamic elements.
- [Textual Forms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TextualForms.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides standardized special characters to represent various forms commonly used to annotate or structure text.
- [Theorem Proving](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TheoremProving.en.md): The Wolfram Language performs theorem proving in many forms and many domains. Sometimes the theorem proving is an implicit part of other operations; sometimes it is explicit. For axiom systems specified using equational logic, the Wolfram Language includes state-of-the-art capabilities for generating full symbolic proof objects.
- [Time & Event Series Data Sources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TimeAndEventSeriesDataSources.en.md): 
- [Time & Event Series Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TimeAndEventSeriesFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can export time and event series data to a number of common file formats. It can also import from these formats to give Wolfram Language representation of such data.
- [Time Measurement & Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TimeMeasurementAndOptimization.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic timing framework allows timing information not only to be analyzed but also to be used in the structure of algorithms. The Wolfram Language provides functions to allow programmers to take advantage of the same kinds of powerful optimizations as the Wolfram Language's carefully tuned internal code.
- [Time Series Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TimeSeries.en.md): Time series occur whenever you observe or compute something that changes over time, including natural time series (temperature, windspeed, pressure,...), social time series (stock price, unemployment, GDP, ...), technological time series (velocity, voltage,...) and medical time series (heart rate, blood pressure, ECG, ...). Time series provide the data model that makes it easy to clean, process, visualize and model time series data.
- [Time Series Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TimeSeriesProcesses.en.md): Time series refers to a sequence of observations following each other in time, where adjacent observations are correlated. This can be used to model, simulate, and forecast behavior for a system. Time series models are frequently used in fields such as economics, finance, biology, and engineering. The Wolfram Language provides a full suite of time series functionality, including standard models such as MA, AR, and ARMA, as well as several extensions. Time series models can be simulated, ...
- [Toolbars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Toolbars.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unified symbolic architecture makes it straightforward to add toolbars with any possible appearance and action to any Wolfram Language notebook.
- [Transportation Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TransportationData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has built-in access to extensive computable data on many forms of transportation. Free-form linguistics provide a convenient mechanism for accessing all available data; more common categories also have specific associated Wolfram Language functions.
- [Tree Construction & Representation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TreeConstructionAndRepresentation.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides functions to construct trees representing rooted, ordered, labeled trees with arbitrary data, which can be used in input, output and general documents. Trees can be constructed from nested structures such as rules and expressions, or as the result of converting a tree given as a graph. They can be generated randomly, or systematically by giving recursive rules for the data and children.
- [Tree Properties & Measurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TreePropertiesAndMeasurements.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows testing basic properties of trees, as well as computing general properties that leverage powerful functionality from the rest of the Wolfram Language. The data and subtrees in trees can be extracted by position, level, pattern matching or with arbitrary properties. Structural measurements such as the number of children or subtrees satisfying some property can be efficiently computed. Input and output are given in a form compatible with the rest of the Wolfram ...
- [Trees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Trees.en.md): Trees are fundamental data structures in mathematics and science used to represent nested structures, including hierarchical clustering in statistics, files and directories in filesystems, grammatical structure in text, evolutionary relationships in phylogenetic trees, decision trees, XML and even symbolic Wolfram Language expressions. The Wolfram Language provides a variety of built-in functions for constructing, traversing and computing with trees. Trees can be constructed from common ...
- [Tree Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TreeVisualization.en.md): Many fundamental data structures in mathematics and science can be visualized as trees. Tree objects are automatically displayed in a notebook as a plot of a tree graph, allowing hierarchical structures to be easily inspected. The Wolfram Language provides in-depth support for every aspect of styling, labeling and rendering trees. Options specified by a tree can affect its root node and parent edge, as well as those of any subtrees at positions matching a pattern, including inheriting and ...
- [Trigonometric Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TrigonometricFunctions.en.md): With careful attention to branch cuts, the Wolfram Language supports trigonometric functions everywhere in the complex plane, with extensive exact and algebraic transformations, together with efficient arbitrary-precision numerical evaluation. The Wolfram Language follows the standard mathematical convention of using radians for trigonometric function arguments.
- [Tuning & Debugging](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/TuningAndDebugging.en.md): The Wolfram Language's highly optimized architecture makes it easy to create programs that are both elegant and efficient. Its symbolic character lets you immediately run and test even the smallest program fragments. And it provides full-scale software engineering support, from arbitrarily detailed compilation control to novel high-level symbolic analysis.
- [Units & Quantities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Units.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to do arithmetic not only with symbols and numbers, but also with units. The Wolfram Language's integration with Wolfram|Alpha allows for a sophisticated unit system that combines the flexibility of free-form linguistics with the computational power of numerical and symbolic algorithms. The units framework integrates seamlessly with visualization, numeric and algebraic computation functions. It also supports dimensional analysis, as well as purely symbolic ...
- [Unsupervised Machine Learning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/UnsupervisedMachineLearning.en.md): Unsupervised machine learning is the attempt to analyze untagged data and discover hidden relationships. It finds hidden patterns, clusters of similar examples, underlying data distributions or simpler data representations. Common use cases are disease diagnosis, market basket analysis, consumer grouping and anomaly detection. Unsupervised machine learning also helps with data visualization. The Wolfram Language offers a large collection of unsupervised learning methods, accessible via ...
- [URL Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/URLManipulation.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes tools for handling the special features of URLs and URIs.
- [Urn Model Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/UrnModelDistributions.en.md): Urn models have a long history, starting with Laplace suggesting in 1786 that France's population be estimated by an urn-sampling scheme. They are conceptually relatively easy to understand, which also makes them easy to recognize and apply to a variety of real-world situations.
- [User Interface Structuring & Layout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/UserInterfaceStructuringAndLayout.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture makes it unprecedentedly easy to create and manipulate sophisticated layouts for user interfaces--both as static structures and with structures generated dynamically during the execution of a program.
- [Using Connected Devices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/UsingConnectedDevices.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a streamlined framework for connecting to external devices. Many classes of devices listed in the Wolfram Connected Devices Project are immediately supported within the Wolfram Language.
- [Using the Wolfram Data Drop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/UsingTheWolframDataDrop.en.md): The Wolfram Data Drop is a general repository for data that is incrementally added, typically from external sources, through APIs as well as web, email, and other interfaces.
- [Defining Variables and Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VariablesAndFunctions.en.md): The symbolic language paradigm of the Wolfram Language takes the concept of variables and functions to a new level. In the Wolfram Language a variable can not only stand for a value, but can also be used purely symbolically. And building on the Wolfram Language's powerful pattern language, functions can be defined not just to take arguments, but to transform a pattern with any structure.
- [Variant Letters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VariantLetters.en.md): In catering to the fine points of mathematical typesetting and notational clarity, the Wolfram Language provides a variety of special variant forms of letters.
- [Vector Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VectorAnalysis.en.md): Building on the Wolfram Language's powerful capabilities in calculus and algebra, the Wolfram Language supports a variety of vector analysis operations. Vectors in any dimension are supported in common coordinate systems. By exploiting the Wolfram Language's efficient representation of arrays, operations can be performed on scalars, vectors, and higher-rank tensors in a uniform manner.
- [Vector Graphics Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VectorGraphicsFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic graphics representation allows for immediate interchange with all standard vector graphics formats.
- [Vector Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VectorVisualization.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides state-of-the-art fully automated visualization of vector functions and data--suitable for representing flows, field lines, and other vector fields of any complexity.
- [Video Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoAnalysis.en.md): Video analysis is the process of automatically extracting information and insight from videos. Typical examples include detecting, recognizing and tracking objects, often with deep understanding of objects such as faces and text or comprehensive understanding of the video by converting speech to text or classifying scenes and actions. Together with a complete suite of high-level image and audio analysis functions and tightly integrated with machine learning and neural networks, Wolfram ...
- [Video Computation: Update History](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoComputation-UpdateHistory.en.md): A list of new and updated features in video generation, processing and analysis.
- [Video Creation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoCreation.en.md): Together with a complete graphics language, a high-level set of visualization functions and a variety of image- and audio-processing capabilities, the Wolfram Language provides flexible and highly customizable routines for video creation, ranging from recording from webcams and screens to generating dynamic visualizations.
- [Video Editing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoEditing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides advanced yet easy to use video-editing capabilities to trim, crop, join or split videos. Videos with multiple audio, subtitle and video tracks of any frame resolution and frame rate are supported.
- [Video Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports video objects as first-class citizens, enabling programmatic access, processing and analysis of large number of multimedia containers and codecs. Together with complete stacks for image and audio processing, this opens up video processing from simple processing to highly sophisticated analysis.
- [Viewers and Annotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ViewersAndAnnotation.en.md): The Wolfram Language's dynamic interactivity system makes it easy to view and annotate any object in a dynamic way. Building on the Wolfram Language's symbolic programming architecture, constructs can be nested and combined in arbitrary ways, and both their content and control can be fully dynamic and programmatic.
- [Visualization Gallery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VisualizationGallery.en.md): Select from hundreds of built-in Wolfram Language symbols to construct graphs and plots to best represent your data. Some options are automated for ease of use, but all can be customized. Visualize and highlight individual data pointsCreate line plots including 3D, stepped and contourCustomize 2D and 3D bar charts and gaugesVisualize how parts contribute to the whole with Pie and Sector plot optionsPlot datasets in 2D and 3D region plotsRepresent statistical data including histograms and ...
- [Wavelet Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Wavelets.en.md): Wavelets are short wavelike functions that can be scaled and translated. Wavelet transforms take any signal and express it in terms of scaled and translated wavelets. The resulting wavelet transform is a representation of the signal at different scales. The transform allows you to manipulate features at different scales independently, such as suppressing or strengthening some particular feature. The Wolfram Language provides a full-featured implementation of wavelet analysis, supporting many ...
- [WDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WDFWolframDataFramework.en.md): WDF makes use of the Wolfram Language and the Wolfram Knowledgebase to provide a standardized computable description of real-world constructs and data.
- [Weather Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WeatherData.en.md): The Wolfram Language has direct access to a worldwide feed of real-time weather data, together with complete historical data, stretching back more than a century in many locations. Within the Wolfram Language, weather data immediately becomes fully computable, using symbolic representations for measured quantities, geo positions, dates, time series, etc.
- [Web Browser Automation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WebBrowserAutomation.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports detailed built-in automated control of web browsers (including Chrome and Firefox), allowing programmatic simulation of user interactions with webpages.
- [Web Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WebFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language can automatically create sophisticated web content, with cascading styles, templating, and many options. Its symbolic architecture allows arbitrary web structures to be created directly using programmatic tools. The Wolfram Language can also import web content, converting to symbolic form or extracting data that can immediately be processed.
- [Web Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WebOperations.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides many mechanisms for interfacing with the web--from exporting graphics and structured interactive documents to interacting with web APIs, importing web data, setting up cloud-based web services, and manipulating URLs and other web constructs.
- [Filter-Design Window Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WindowFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a complete set of window functions that are commonly used in the design of finite impulse response (FIR) filters, with additional applications in spectral and spatial analysis. In filter design, windows are typically used to reduce unwanted ripples in the frequency response of a filter.
- [Window Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WindowMenu.en.md): The Window menu provides items for manipulating notebook windows.
- [Window Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WindowProperties.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows detailed control of the overall look and operation of notebook windows.
- [Tokens Related to the Window Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WindowTokens.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows any front end command to be executed programmatically from within the kernel by sending an appropriate front end token. There are tokens for all standard menu commands--as well as ones not accessible directly with the default front end menu configuration.
- [Wolfram|Alpha Integration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframAlphaIntegration.en.md): The Wolfram Language has integrated interactive and programmatic access to the full power of the Wolfram|Alpha computational knowledge engine, using it to allow free-form linguistic input of computations and programs, as well as extensive data and computation capabilities that rely on the Wolfram|Alpha knowledgebase and curated data.
- [Wolfram Client Library for Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframClientLibraryForPython.en.md): The client library provides seamless Wolfram Language integration in Python.
- [Wolfram Cloud How-to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframCloudHowToTopics.en.md): 
- [Wolfram Data Repository](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframDataRepository.en.md): The Wolfram Data Repository is a curated cloud repository of computable data resources, all set up to be instantly usable in the Wolfram Language. The Data Repository includes a growing number of numerical, textual, image, and other data resources from a very wide range of application areas. The Wolfram Language supports creation of private data resources, which can then be submitted for inclusion in the public Wolfram Data Repository.
- [Wolfram Function Repository](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframFunctionRepository.en.md): The Wolfram Function Repository is a curated cloud repository of functions set up to be instantly usable in the Wolfram Language. The Function Repository includes a growing number of functions designed for a wide range of application areas. The Wolfram Language supports creation of private resource functions, which can then be submitted for inclusion in the Wolfram Function Repository.
- [Wolfram Language Expressions in Files](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframLanguageExpressionsInFiles.en.md): The Wolfram Language's symbolic architecture immediately defines a serializable representation for any Wolfram Language data or program--which can then readily be stored in a file.
- [Wolfram Language File Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframLanguageFileFormats.en.md): Wolfram Language code and expressions can be stored in a variety of formats.
- [Wolfram Language Syntax Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframLanguageSyntaxCharacters.en.md): The syntax of the Wolfram Language is unique among modern languages in allowing not just ordinary ASCII characters, but also a variety of special characters that greatly increase readability and elegance, as well as correspondence with traditional mathematical notation.
- [Wolfram Predictive Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframPredictiveInterface.en.md): Whether you are entering commands or working with results, the Wolfram Predictive Interface streamlines your workflow. The Input Assistant offers context-sensitive autocompletion, including for options and user-defined functions, along with function templates and dynamic highlighting. Once you finish a computation, the Suggestions Bar provides immediate access to possible next steps optimized for your results. The Image Assistant and Drawing Tools provide point-and-click image processing and ...
- [Wolfram Resource System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframResourceSystem.en.md): The Wolfram Resource System is a framework for repositories and archives containing content ready for immediate use within the Wolfram Language. The system is the basis for a variety of Wolfram-curated repositories and archives. It can also be used for private repositories and archives. Deployed entries in repositories and archives get a webpage that typically gives documentation and examples of the entry.
- [Wolfram Mathematica](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframRoot.en.md): 
- [Wolfram System Session History](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframSystemSessionHistory.en.md): The history of an interactive Wolfram Language computation is both maintained in a fully editable Wolfram Language notebook and stored symbolically in a sequence of In and Out objects that can immediately be used in other Wolfram Language commands.
- [Wolfram System Session Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframSystemSessionInformation.en.md): The Wolfram Language gives you immediate access to many details of your Wolfram System session--in the form of symbolic expressions that can readily be manipulated by the Wolfram Language.
- [Wolfram System Sessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframSystemSessions.en.md): The Wolfram System provides a uniquely powerful interactive environment for building up arbitrarily complex computations, under convenient interactive or programmatic control.
- [Wolfram System Setup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WolframSystemSetup.en.md): The Wolfram System allows convenient discovery and customization of all aspects of its system setup.
- [Working with Information in Relational Databases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WorkingWithRelationalDatabases.en.md): The Wolfram Language has integrated capabilities for accessing and computing with data in relational databases. The basic concept is that data in local or remote relational databases is mapped into entity stores in the Wolfram Language. Operations on entity stores are defined symbolically, and executed using SQL code that is custom generated for SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server and other supported databases.
- [Working with Templates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WorkingWithTemplates.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a powerful symbolic templating framework that can be used with strings, files, XML-like structures, notebooks, and other constructs.
- [WSTP API](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPAPI.en.md): Extensively used within the Wolfram System itself, the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) is the Wolfram System's unique high-level symbolic interface standard for interprogram communication. With convenient bindings for a variety of languages, WSTP immediately allows arbitrary symbolic objects--representing data, programs, or any other construct--to be efficiently exchanged between programs, on one computer or across a heterogeneous network.
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingData.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingExpressions.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Integers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingIntegers.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingLists.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Multidimensional Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingMultidimensionalArrays.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Reals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingReals.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Strings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingStrings.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Functions for Exchanging Symbols](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCFunctionsForExchangingSymbols.en.md): 
- [WSTP C Language Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPCLanguageFunctions.en.md): The WSTP library provides a collection of C language functions for interacting with the Wolfram Language via WSTP. These functions allow you not only to handle native C data types, but also to construct and deconstruct full Wolfram Language symbolic expressions.
- [WSTP Connection Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPConnectionManagement.en.md): 
- [WSTP Expression Packet Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPExpressionPacketHandling.en.md): 
- [WSTP Packets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPPackets.en.md): When exchanging expressions with external programs, the Wolfram Language kernel uses the convention of wrapping the expressions inside packets that identify what role the expressions have or how they should be processed.
- [WSTP Wolfram Language Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/WSTPWolframLanguageFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) is a protocol for exchanging symbolic expressions. The Wolfram Language-level WSTP functions can be used with any WSTP-enabled external program, including the Wolfram System itself.
- [XML Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/XMLFormats.en.md): The Wolfram Language's core tree-oriented symbolic language makes it uniquely suited to working with XML. The Wolfram Language can not only import--from files or the web--arbitrary XML with any DTD, but also has special support for handling the most popular XML formats.
- [XML Import & Export](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/XMLImportAndExport.en.md): As the world's best-developed tree-oriented symbolic language, the Wolfram Language is uniquely suited to working with XML. Not only can the Wolfram Language generate XML from scratch, it can also import any XML with any DTD, transform and analyze it using any of the Wolfram Language's powerful symbolic capabilities, then export it as arbitrary XML.
- [XML Templates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/XMLTemplates.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a rich mechanism for defining and applying XML templates. These templates can be used in HTML and other forms of XML. The XML tagging system supported by the Wolfram Language is set up to be compatible with XML standards and transformation tools.
- [Zeta Functions & Polylogarithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ZetaFunctionsAndPolylogarithms.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports zeta and polylogarithm functions of a complex variable in full generality, performing efficient arbitrary-precision evaluation and implementing extensive symbolic transformations.

## Reference Pages

- [AASTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AASTriangle.en.md): AASTriangle[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], a] returns a filled triangle with angles \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta] and side length a, where a is adjacent to one angle only.
- [AbelianGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbelianGroup.en.md): AbelianGroup[{n1, n2, ...}] represents the direct product of the cyclic groups of degrees n1, n2, ....
- [Abort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Abort.en.md): Abort[] generates an interrupt to abort a computation.
- [AbortKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbortKernels.en.md): AbortKernels[] aborts evaluations running in all parallel subkernels.
- [AbortProtect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbortProtect.en.md): AbortProtect[expr] evaluates expr, saving any aborts until the evaluation is complete.
- [AbortScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbortScheduledTask.en.md): AbortScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskAbort, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [Above](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Above.en.md): Above is a symbol that represents the region above an object for purposes of placement.
- [AbsArg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsArg.en.md): AbsArg[z] gives the list {Abs[z], Arg[z]} of the number z.
- [AbsArgPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsArgPlot.en.md): AbsArgPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] generates a plot of Abs[f] colored by Arg[f] as a function of x \\[Element] \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR] from xmin to xmax. AbsArgPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots several functions. AbsArgPlot[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. AbsArgPlot[..., {x} \\[Element] reg] takes the variable x to be in the geometric region reg.
- [Abs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Abs.en.md): Abs[z] gives the absolute value of the real or complex number z.
- [AbsoluteCorrelation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteCorrelation.en.md): AbsoluteCorrelation[v, w] gives the absolute correlation between the vectors v and w. AbsoluteCorrelation[a, b] gives the absolute cross-correlation matrix for the matrices a and b. AbsoluteCorrelation[a] gives the absolute correlation matrix for the matrix a. AbsoluteCorrelation[dist] gives the absolute correlation matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. AbsoluteCorrelation[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th absolute correlation for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist.
- [AbsoluteCorrelationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteCorrelationFunction.en.md): AbsoluteCorrelationFunction[data, hspec] estimates the absolute correlation function at lags hspec from data. AbsoluteCorrelationFunction[proc, hspec] represents the absolute correlation function at lags hspec for the random process proc. AbsoluteCorrelationFunction[proc, s, t] represents the absolute correlation function at times s and t for the random process proc.
- [AbsoluteCurrentValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteCurrentValue.en.md): AbsoluteCurrentValue[item] gives the absolute current value of item at a location in the Wolfram System and interface. AbsoluteCurrentValue[{item, spec}] gives the absolute current value for the feature of item specified by spec. AbsoluteCurrentValue[obj, item] gives the absolute current value of item associated with the object obj. AbsoluteCurrentValue[{obj1, obj2, ...}, item] gives a list of the absolute current values associated with each of the obji.
- [AbsoluteDashing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteDashing.en.md): AbsoluteDashing[{d1, d2, ...}] is a graphics directive which specifies that lines which follow are to be drawn dashed, with successive segments having absolute lengths d1, d2, ... (repeated cyclically). AbsoluteDashing[d] is equivalent to AbsoluteDashing[{d, d}]. AbsoluteDashing[{d1, d2, ...}, offset] offsets the dashes by offset. AbsoluteDashing[{d1, d2, ...}, offset, capform] sets the CapForm for individual dashes to capform.
- [AbsoluteFileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteFileName.en.md): AbsoluteFileName[name] gives the full absolute version of the name for a file in your filesystem.
- [AbsoluteOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteOptions.en.md): AbsoluteOptions[obj] gives the absolute settings of options used by the given object. AbsoluteOptions[obj, name] gives the absolute setting for the option name. AbsoluteOptions[obj, {name1, name2, ...}] gives a list of the absolute settings for the options namei.
- [AbsolutePointSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsolutePointSize.en.md): AbsolutePointSize[d] is a graphics directive which specifies that points which follow are to be shown if possible as circular regions with absolute diameter d.
- [AbsoluteThickness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteThickness.en.md): AbsoluteThickness[d] is a graphics directive which specifies that lines which follow are to be drawn with absolute thickness d.
- [AbsoluteTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteTime.en.md): AbsoluteTime[] gives the total number of seconds since the beginning of January 1, 1900, in your time zone. AbsoluteTime[date] gives the absolute time specification corresponding to the given date specification.
- [AbsoluteTiming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteTiming.en.md): AbsoluteTiming[expr] evaluates expr, returning a list of the absolute number of seconds in real time that have elapsed, together with the result obtained.
- [AcceptanceThreshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcceptanceThreshold.en.md): AcceptanceThreshold is an option that specifies the minimum threshold at which a result is considered acceptable.
- [AccountingForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AccountingForm.en.md): AccountingForm[expr] prints with all numbers in expr given in standard accounting notation. AccountingForm[expr, n] prints with numbers given to n-digit precision.
- [Accumulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Accumulate.en.md): Accumulate[list] gives a list of the successive accumulated totals of elements in list.
- [Accuracy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Accuracy.en.md): Accuracy[x] gives the effective number of digits to the right of the decimal point in the number x.
- [AccuracyGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AccuracyGoal.en.md): AccuracyGoal is an option for various numerical operations which specifies how many effective digits of accuracy should be sought in the final result.
- [AcousticAbsorbingValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticAbsorbingValue.en.md): AcousticAbsorbingValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency domain absorbing boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticAbsorbingValue[pred, vars, pars, lkeys] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [AcousticImpedanceValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticImpedanceValue.en.md): AcousticImpedanceValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency domain impedance boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticImpedanceValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [AcousticNormalVelocityValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticNormalVelocityValue.en.md): AcousticNormalVelocityValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency domain normal velocity boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticNormalVelocityValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [AcousticPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticPDEComponent.en.md): AcousticPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields an acoustic PDE term component with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [AcousticPressureCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticPressureCondition.en.md): AcousticPressureCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency domain pressure boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticPressureCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [AcousticRadiationValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticRadiationValue.en.md): AcousticRadiationValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency radiation boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticRadiationValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [AcousticSoundHardValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticSoundHardValue.en.md): AcousticSoundHardValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency domain sound hard boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticSoundHardValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [AcousticSoundSoftCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcousticSoundSoftCondition.en.md): AcousticSoundSoftCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a time or frequency domain sound soft boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. AcousticSoundSoftCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a time or frequency domain boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [ActionMenu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActionMenu.en.md): ActionMenu[name, {lbl1 :> act1, lbl2 :> act2, ...}] represents an action menu with label name and with items labeled lbli that evaluates the expression acti if the corresponding item is chosen. ActionMenu[name, {..., lbli -> {sublbl1 :> subact1, sublbl2 :> subact2, ...}, ...}] represents an action menu containing a submenu with label lbli containing items sublbli with actions subacti.
- [Activate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Activate.en.md): Activate[expr] replaces all instances of Inactive[f] in expr with f. Activate[expr, patt] replaces only instances of Inactive[f] for which f matches the pattern patt.
- [ActivateResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActivateResult.en.md): ActivateResult is an option for TruncateSum and other functions that specifies whether Inactive sums or other expressions should be activated before returning the final result of the computation.
- [ActiveClassification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActiveClassification.en.md): ActiveClassification[f, {conf1, conf2, ...}] gives an object representing the result of active classification obtained by using the function f to determine classes for the example configurations confi. ActiveClassification[f, reg] generates configurations within the region specified by reg. ActiveClassification[f, sampler] generates configurations by applying the function sampler. ActiveClassification[f, {conf1, conf2, ...} -> nsampler] applies the function nsampler to successively generate ...
- [ActiveClassificationObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActiveClassificationObject.en.md): ActiveClassificationObject[...] represents the result of an ActiveClassification process.
- [Active](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Active.en.md): As of Version 6.0, Active has been superseded by Deployed.
- [ActivePrediction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActivePrediction.en.md): ActivePrediction[f, {conf1, conf2, ...}] gives an object representing the result of active prediction obtained by using the function f to determine values for the example configurations confi. ActivePrediction[f, reg] generates configurations within the region specified by reg. ActivePrediction[f, sampler] generates configurations by applying the function sampler. ActivePrediction[f, {conf1, conf2, ...} -> nsampler] applies the function nsampler to successively generate configurations ...
- [ActivePredictionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActivePredictionObject.en.md): ActivePredictionObject[...] represents the result of an ActivePrediction process.
- [ActiveStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActiveStyle.en.md): ActiveStyle is an option for Hyperlink and related constructs that specifies styles to add when the constructs are active, typically as a result of the mouse being over them.
- [AcyclicGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AcyclicGraphQ.en.md): AcyclicGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is an acyclic graph and False otherwise.
- [AddOnHelpPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AddOnHelpPath.en.md): AddOnHelpPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for additional help files used within the help system.
- [AddSides](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AddSides.en.md): AddSides[rel, x] adds x to each side of the equation or inequality rel. AddSides[rel1, rel2] adds the corresponding sides of two equations or inequalities.
- [AddTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AddTo.en.md): x += dx adds dx to x and returns the new value of x.
- [AddToSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AddToSearchIndex.en.md): AddToSearchIndex[obj, content] adds the specified content to the existing search index object obj. AddToSearchIndex[obj, {content1, ...}] adds all the contenti to obj.
- [AddToVectorDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AddToVectorDatabase.en.md): AddToVectorDatabase[db, {vec1, ...}] adds a list of vectors veci to the VectorDatabaseObject[...] db. AddToVectorDatabase[db, {vec1, ...} -> {val1, ...}] adds new vector veci and associated value vali to the database db.
- [AddUsers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AddUsers.en.md): AddUsers[group, {user1, ...}] adds the users useri to the permissions group group.
- [AdjacencyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjacencyGraph.en.md): AdjacencyGraph[amat] gives the graph with adjacency matrix amat. AdjacencyGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, amat] gives the graph with vertices vi and adjacency matrix amat.
- [AdjacencyList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjacencyList.en.md): AdjacencyList[g, v] gives a list of vertices adjacent to vertex v. AdjacencyList[g, patt] gives a list of vertices adjacent to vertices that match the pattern patt. AdjacencyList[g, patt, d] gives a list of vertices that are at distance at most d. AdjacencyList[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [AdjacencyMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjacencyMatrix.en.md): AdjacencyMatrix[g] gives the vertex-vertex adjacency matrix of the graph g. AdjacencyMatrix[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [AdjacentMeshCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjacentMeshCells.en.md): AdjacentMeshCells[mr, cellspec, d] gives cells of dimension d adjacent to the cell specified by cellspec in the mesh mr.
- [Adjugate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Adjugate.en.md): Adjugate[m] gives the adjugate of a square matrix m.
- [AdjustmentBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjustmentBox.en.md): AdjustmentBox[box, opts] is a low-level box construct which displays with the placement of box adjusted using the options given.
- [AdjustmentBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjustmentBoxOptions.en.md): AdjustmentBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for AdjustmentBox objects.
- [AdjustTimeSeriesForecast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdjustTimeSeriesForecast.en.md): AdjustTimeSeriesForecast[tproc, forecast, newdata] adjusts forecast using new observations newdata according to the time series model tproc.
- [AdministrativeDivisionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AdministrativeDivisionData.en.md): AdministrativeDivisionData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the administrative division entity. AdministrativeDivisionData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified administrative division names. AdministrativeDivisionData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [AffineHalfSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AffineHalfSpace.en.md): AffineHalfSpace[{p1, ..., p k +1}, w] represents AffineSpace[{p1, ..., p k +1}] extended in the direction w. AffineHalfSpace[p, {v1, ..., vk}, w] represents AffineSpace[p, {v1, ..., vk}] extended in the direction w.
- [AffineSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AffineSpace.en.md): AffineSpace[{p1, ..., p k +1}] represents the affine space passing through the points pi. AffineSpace[p, {v1, ..., vk}] represents the affine space passing through p in the directions vi.
- [AffineStateSpaceModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AffineStateSpaceModel.en.md): AffineStateSpaceModel[{a, b, c, d}, x] represents the affine state-space model x' (t) == a(x(t)) + b (x(t)) . u(t), y(t) = c(x(t)) + d (x(t)) . u(t). AffineStateSpaceModel[sys] gives an affine state-space model corresponding to the system model sys. AffineStateSpaceModel[eqns, {{x1, x10}, ...}, {{u1, u10}, ...}, {g1, ...}, t] gives the affine state-space model obtained by Taylor input linearization about the dependent variable xi at x Subscript[i, 0] and input uj at Subscript[u, j] 0 of the ...
- [AffineTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AffineTransform.en.md): AffineTransform[m] gives a TransformationFunction that represents an affine transform that maps r to m . r. AffineTransform[{m, v}] gives an affine transform that maps r to m . r + v.
- [After](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/After.en.md): After is a symbol that represents the region after an object for purposes of placement.
- [AgentToolsDeployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AgentToolsDeployment.en.md): AgentToolsDeployment[...] represents a set of agent tools deployed into a AI-based application. AgentToolsDeployment[...][prop] gives the value of the specified property for the deployment.
- [AggregatedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AggregatedEntityClass.en.md): AggregatedEntityClass[class, prop -> f] represents an entity class containing a single entity with the property prop whose value is the result of applying the function f to the whole specified entity class. AggregatedEntityClass[class, {SubscriptBox[prop, 1] -> f1, SubscriptBox[prop, 2] -> f2, ...}] constructs multiple properties propi obtained by applying fi to class. AggregatedEntityClass[class, propspec, gprop] forms groups of elements of class according to their values of the ...
- [AggregateRows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AggregateRows.en.md): AggregateRows[tab, {key1 -> f1, ...}] computes different aggregation functions fi[tab] and assigns them to different keys keyi. AggregateRows[tab, fspec, gspec] forms groups by the distinct values given by gspec and then aggregates them using fspec. AggregateRows[fspec] represents an operator form for the two-argument version of AggregateRows. AggregateRows[fspec, gspec] represents an operator form for the three-argument version of AggregateRows.
- [AggregationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AggregationLayer.en.md): AggregationLayer[f] represents a layer that aggregates an array of arbitrary rank into a vector, using the function f. AggregationLayer[f, n] aggregates an array at level n. AggregationLayer[f, n1 ;; n2] aggregates an array at levels n1 through n2. AggregationLayer[f, {n 1, n 2, ...}] aggregates an array at levels n1, n2, ....
- [AircraftData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AircraftData.en.md): AircraftData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the aircraft entity. AircraftData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified aircraft entities. AircraftData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [AirportData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AirportData.en.md): AirportData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the airport entity. AirportData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified airport entities. AirportData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [AirPressureData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AirPressureData.en.md): AirPressureData[] gives the most recent measurement for air pressure near the current location. AirPressureData[datespec] gives the air pressure value for the specified time near the current location. AirPressureData[locationspec] gives the most recent measurement for air pressure near the specified locations. AirPressureData[locationspec, datespec] gives the value or values for the specified date and location. AirPressureData[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives values for all ...
- [AirSoundAttenuation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AirSoundAttenuation.en.md): AirSoundAttenuation[spec, frequency] returns the sound attenuation coefficient in moist air for the specified parameters spec for frequency. AirSoundAttenuation[spec, frequency, distance] returns the sound attenuation factor for the specified parameters at distance. AirSoundAttenuation[spec, frequency, distance, sl] returns the sound level at distance given the source sound level sl. AirSoundAttenuation[spec, audio, distance] transforms audio based on the distance from the source.
- [AirTemperatureData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AirTemperatureData.en.md): AirTemperatureData[] gives the most recent measurement for air temperature near the current location. AirTemperatureData[datespec] gives the air temperature value for the specified time near the current location. AirTemperatureData[locationspec] gives the most recent measurement for air temperature near the specified location. AirTemperatureData[locationspec, datespec] gives the value or values for the specified date and location. AirTemperatureData[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...
- [AiryAi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAi.en.md): AiryAi[z] gives the Airy function AiryAi[z].
- [AiryAiPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiPrime.en.md): AiryAiPrime[z] gives the derivative of the Airy function Ai^\\[Prime] (z).
- [AiryAiZero](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryAiZero.en.md): AiryAiZero[k] represents the k^th zero of the Airy function AiryAi[x]. AiryAiZero[k, x0] represents the k^th zero less than x0.
- [AiryBi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryBi.en.md): AiryBi[z] gives the Airy function AiryBi[z].
- [AiryBiPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryBiPrime.en.md): AiryBiPrime[z] gives the derivative of the Airy function Bi^\\[Prime] (z).
- [AiryBiZero](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AiryBiZero.en.md): AiryBiZero[k] represents the k^th zero of the Airy function AiryBi[x]. AiryBiZero[k, x0] represents the k^th zero less than x0.
- [AlgebraicIntegerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicIntegerQ.en.md): AlgebraicIntegerQ[a] yields True if a is an algebraic integer, and yields False otherwise.
- [AlgebraicNumberDenominator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicNumberDenominator.en.md): AlgebraicNumberDenominator[a] gives the smallest positive integer n such that n a is an algebraic integer.
- [AlgebraicNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicNumber.en.md): AlgebraicNumber[\\[Theta], {c0, c1, ..., cn}] represents the algebraic number in the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][\\[Theta]] given by c0 + c1 \\[Theta] + ... + cn \\[Theta]^n.
- [AlgebraicNumberNorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicNumberNorm.en.md): AlgebraicNumberNorm[a] gives the norm of the algebraic number a.
- [AlgebraicNumberPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicNumberPolynomial.en.md): AlgebraicNumberPolynomial[a, x] gives the polynomial in x corresponding to the AlgebraicNumber object a.
- [AlgebraicNumberTrace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicNumberTrace.en.md): AlgebraicNumberTrace[a] gives the trace of the algebraic number a.
- [AlgebraicRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicRules.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), AlgebraicRules has been superseded by PolynomialReduce.
- [Algebraics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Algebraics.en.md): Algebraics represents the domain of algebraic numbers, as in x \\[Element] Algebraics.
- [AlgebraicUnitQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlgebraicUnitQ.en.md): AlgebraicUnitQ[a] yields True if a is an algebraic unit, and yields False otherwise.
- [Alias](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Alias.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), Alias has been superseded by $PreRead.
- [Alignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Alignment.en.md): Alignment is an option which specifies how the contents of a displayed object should be aligned within the available area in the object.
- [AlignmentPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlignmentPoint.en.md): AlignmentPoint is an option which specifies how objects should by default be aligned when they appear in Inset.
- [All](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/All.en.md): All is a setting used for certain options. In Part and related functions, All specifies all parts at a particular level.
- [AllMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllMatch.en.md): AllMatch[{e1, e2, ...}, form] yields True if ei matches the pattern form for all of the ei. AllMatch[expr, form, level] tests parts of expr at level level. AllMatch[form] represents an operator form of AllMatch that can be applied to an expression.
- [AllowedCloudExtraParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowedCloudExtraParameters.en.md): AllowedCloudExtraParameters is an option for APIFunction and related functions that specifies whether parameters that affect overall cloud execution should be accepted.
- [AllowedCloudParameterExtensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowedCloudParameterExtensions.en.md): AllowedCloudParameterExtensions is an option for APIFunction and related functions that specifies what extensions to allow for API or other input parameters.
- [AllowedDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowedDimensions.en.md): AllowedDimensions is an option for Grid and related functions that specifies the allowed minimum and maximum dimensions of the Grid under interactive editing.
- [AllowedFrequencyRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowedFrequencyRange.en.md): AllowedFrequencyRange is an option for audio and signal processing functions that specifies the range of frequencies of interest.
- [AllowedHeads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowedHeads.en.md): AllowedHeads is an option that specifies the heads of subexpressions into which a function may descend.
- [AllowGroupClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowGroupClose.en.md): AllowGroupClose is an option for Cell that specifies whether a cell group can be closed normally.
- [AllowInlineCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowInlineCells.en.md): AllowInlineCells is an option for SelectedCells, Cell, and related constructs that specifies whether inline cells are permitted.
- [AllowLooseGrammar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowLooseGrammar.en.md): AllowLooseGrammar is an option for GrammarRules and related functions that specifies whether grammatical fluff should automatically be ignored in applying grammar rules.
- [AllowReverseGroupClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowReverseGroupClose.en.md): AllowReverseGroupClose is an option for Cell that specifies whether a cell group can be reverse closed.
- [AllowScriptLevelChange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowScriptLevelChange.en.md): AllowScriptLevelChange is an option for fractions and grids that controls whether certain operators, such as \\[Sum], \\[Product], and \\[Integral], always appear smaller than normal size.
- [AllowVersionUpdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllowVersionUpdate.en.md): AllowVersionUpdate is an option for PacletInstall and PacletInstallSubmit that specifies whether a newer paclet version should be installed if an older version is already installed.
- [AllSameBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllSameBy.en.md): AllSameBy[{e1, e2, ...}, f] tests whether all the f[ei] are the same. AllSameBy[f] represents an operator form of AllSameBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [AllTrue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AllTrue.en.md): AllTrue[{e1, e2, ...}, test] yields True if test[ei] is True for all of the ei. AllTrue[expr, test, level] tests parts of expr at level level. AllTrue[test] represents an operator form of AllTrue that can be applied to an expression.
- [Alphabet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Alphabet.en.md): Alphabet[] gives a list of the lowercase letters a through z in the English alphabet. Alphabet[type] gives the alphabet for the language or class type. Alphabet[type, prop] gives the alphabet defined by prop for the language or class type .
- [AlphabeticOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlphabeticOrder.en.md): AlphabeticOrder[SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2]] gives 1 if SubscriptBox[string, 1] appears before SubscriptBox[string, 2] in alphabetical order, -1 if it is after, and 0 if it is identical. AlphabeticOrder[SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], lang] uses an ordering suitable for the language lang. AlphabeticOrder[lang] represents an operator form that compares strings when applied to SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2].
- [AlphabeticSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlphabeticSort.en.md): AlphabeticSort[list] sorts the elements of list into alphabetical order. AlphabeticSort[list, lang] sorts using an ordering suitable for the language lang.
- [AlphaChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlphaChannel.en.md): AlphaChannel[color] returns the opacity of color. AlphaChannel[image] returns the alpha channel of image. AlphaChannel[video] returns a video containing the alpha channel of the frames in video.
- [AlternateImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlternateImage.en.md): As of Version 11.3, CDFInformation is no longer supported.
- [AlternatingFactorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlternatingFactorial.en.md): AlternatingFactorial[n] gives the alternating factorial AlternatingFactorial[n].
- [AlternatingGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlternatingGroup.en.md): AlternatingGroup[n] represents the alternating group of degree n.
- [AlternatingHarmonicNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlternatingHarmonicNumber.en.md): AlternatingHarmonicNumber[n] gives the n^th alternating harmonic number AlternatingHarmonicNumber[n]. AlternatingHarmonicNumber[n, r] gives the n^th alternating harmonic number n of order r. AlternatingHarmonicNumber[n, r, s] gives the n^th alternating harmonic number n(s) of order r and decoration value s.
- [AlternativeHypothesis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AlternativeHypothesis.en.md): AlternativeHypothesis is an option for hypothesis testing functions like LocationTest that specifies the alternative hypothesis.
- [Alternatives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Alternatives.en.md): p1 | p2 | ... is a pattern object that represents any of the patterns pi.
- [AltitudeMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AltitudeMethod.en.md): AltitudeMethod is an option for SunPosition, MoonPosition, and related functions that determines whether to take atmospheric refraction into account when computing altitude.
- [AmbientLight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AmbientLight.en.md): AmbientLight[col] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies the uniform ambient light of color col to use in coloring 3D surfaces.
- [AmbiguityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AmbiguityFunction.en.md): AmbiguityFunction is an option for SemanticInterpretation, Interpreter, and related functions that specifies how to resolve ambiguities generated during semantic interpretation.
- [AmbiguityList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AmbiguityList.en.md): AmbiguityList[{expr1, expr2, ...}] represents possible results derived from an ambiguous semantic interpretation. AmbiguityList[{expr1, expr2, ...},  string] represents possible results from semantic interpretation of an input string. AmbiguityList[{expr1, expr2, ...},  string, {assoc1, assoc2, ...}] includes a sequence of associations giving details of the interpretations used to obtain the expri.
- [AnatomyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnatomyData.en.md): AnatomyData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the anatomical structure entity. AnatomyData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified anatomical structure entities. AnatomyData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [AnatomyForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnatomyForm.en.md): As of Version 12.0, AnatomyForm has been superseded by AnatomyStyling.
- [AnatomyPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnatomyPlot3D.en.md): AnatomyPlot3D[primitives, options] represents a three-dimensional graphical image that works with anatomical entities as well as standard 3D graphics primitives and directives.
- [AnatomySkinStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnatomySkinStyle.en.md): AnatomySkinStyle is an option of AnatomyPlot3D that specifies what style to use for automatically included skin subparts.
- [AnatomyStyling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnatomyStyling.en.md): AnatomyStyling[g] is a graphics directive used in AnatomyPlot3D that specifies how anatomy entity-based graphics objects are to be drawn using the graphics directive or association of directives g.
- [AnchoredSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnchoredSearch.en.md): AnchoredSearch is an option for Find and FindList that specifies whether the text searched for must be at the beginning of a record.
- [And](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/And.en.md): e1 && e2 && ... is the logical AND function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving False immediately if any of them are False, and True if they are all True.
- [AndersonDarlingTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AndersonDarlingTest.en.md): AndersonDarlingTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Anderson-Darling test. AndersonDarlingTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist using the Anderson-Darling test. AndersonDarlingTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [AngerJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngerJ.en.md): AngerJ[\\[Nu], z] gives the Anger function \\[Nu]. AngerJ[\\[Nu], \\[Mu], z] gives the associated Anger function AngerJ[\\[Nu],\\[Mu],z].
- [AngleBisector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngleBisector.en.md): AngleBisector[{q1, p, q2}] gives the bisector of the interior angle at p formed by the triangle with vertex points p, q1 and q2. AngleBisector[{q1, p, q2},  type] gives the angle bisector of the specified type.
- [AngleBracket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngleBracket.en.md): AngleBracket[x, y, ...] displays as \\[LeftAngleBracket]x, y, ...\\[RightAngleBracket].
- [AnglePath3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnglePath3D.en.md): AnglePath3D[{{\\[Alpha]1, \\[Beta]1, \\[Gamma]1}, {\\[Alpha]2, \\[Beta]2, \\ \\[Gamma]2}, ...}] gives the list of 3D coordinates of a path of an object that starts at {0, 0, 0}, then takes a series of steps of unit length, each in the direction of the x axis obtained after successive rotation of the object by the Euler angles \\[Alpha]i, \\[Beta]i, \\[Gamma]i. AnglePath3D[{{\\[Alpha]1, \\[Beta]1}, {\\[Alpha]2, \\[Beta]2}, \\ ...}] assumes the Euler angles \\[Gamma]i to be 0. AnglePath3D[{mat1, ...
- [AnglePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnglePath.en.md): AnglePath[{\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2, \\[Theta]3, ...}] gives the list of 2D coordinates corresponding to a path that starts at {0, 0}, then takes a series of steps of unit length at successive relative angles \\[Theta]i. AnglePath[{{r1, \\[Theta]1}, {r2, \\[Theta]2}, {r3, \\[Theta]3}, \\ ...}] takes successive steps of lengths ri. AnglePath[\\[Theta]0, {step1, step2, ...}] starts at angle \\[Theta]0 with respect to the x axis. AnglePath[{x, y}, {step1, step2, ...}] starts at the point {x, y} ...
- [AngleVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngleVector.en.md): AngleVector[\\[Theta]] gives the list representing the 2D unit vector at angle \\[Theta] relative to the x axis. AngleVector[{r, \\[Theta]}] gives the list representing the 2D vector of length r at angle \\[Theta]. AngleVector[{x, y}, \\[Theta]] gives the result of starting from the point {x, y}, then going a unit distance at angle \\[Theta]. AngleVector[{x, y}, {r, \\[Theta]}] gives the result of starting from the point {x, y}, then going distance r at angle \\[Theta].
- [AngularGauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngularGauge.en.md): AngularGauge[value] draws a gauge showing value in the range 0 to 1. AngularGauge[value, {min, max}] draws a gauge showing value in a range of min to max. AngularGauge[Dynamic[value], ...] allows value to be set interactively using the gauge. AngularGauge[{value1, value2, ...}, ...] draws a gauge showing multiple values.
- [AnimatedImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimatedImage.en.md): AnimatedImage[{image1, image2, ...}] generates an animation whose frames are the successive imagei. AnimatedImage[file] represents an animated image from file.
- [Animate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Animate.en.md): Animate[expr, {u, umin, umax}] generates an animation of expr in which u varies continuously from umin to umax. Animate[expr, {u, umin, umax, du}] takes u to vary in steps du. Animate[expr, {u, {u1, u2, ...}}] makes u take on discrete values u1, u2, .... Animate[expr, {u, ...}, {v, ...}, ...] varies all the variables u, v, ....
- [AnimationCycleOffset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationCycleOffset.en.md): As of Version 6.0, AnimationCycleOffset has been succeeded by settings for ListAnimate.
- [AnimationCycleRepetitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationCycleRepetitions.en.md): As of Version 6.0, AnimationCycleRepetitions has been succeeded by settings for ListAnimate.
- [AnimationDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationDirection.en.md): AnimationDirection is an option which specifies the direction to run an animation.
- [AnimationDisplayTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationDisplayTime.en.md): As of Version 6.0, AnimationDisplayTime has been succeeded by settings for ListAnimate.
- [AnimationRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationRate.en.md): AnimationRate is an option for Animate and Animator that specifies at what rate an animation should run, in units per second.
- [AnimationRepetitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationRepetitions.en.md): AnimationRepetitions is an option to Animate and related functions that specifies how many times the animation they create runs before stopping.
- [AnimationRunning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationRunning.en.md): AnimationRunning is an option to Animate and related functions that specifies whether the animation they create is running.
- [AnimationRunTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationRunTime.en.md): AnimationRunTime is an option to Animator and related functions that indicates how long the animation has been continuously running.
- [AnimationTimeIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationTimeIndex.en.md): AnimationTimeIndex is an option to Animator and related functions that specifies the current time index for the animator.
- [AnimationVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnimationVideo.en.md): AnimationVideo[fexpr, {u, umin, umax}] generates a video of fexpr in which u varies from umin to umax. AnimationVideo[fexpr, {u, umin, umax, du}] takes u to vary in steps du. AnimationVideo[fexpr, {u, {u1, u2, ...}}] makes u take on values u1, u2, ....
- [Animator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Animator.en.md): Animator[u] represents an object that displays with the value of u being continually increased from 0 to 1 with time. Animator[u, {umin, umax}] makes u vary from umin to umax. Animator[u, {umin, umax, du}] makes u vary in steps du. Animator[u, {umin, umax}, ups] makes the value of u increase at a rate of ups units per second.
- [Annotate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Annotate.en.md): Annotate[obj, key -> value] sets the annotation key -> value for the object obj. Annotate[{obj, itemspec}, key -> value] sets the annotation for the items in obj specified by itemspec.
- [AnnotationDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnnotationDelete.en.md): AnnotationDelete[obj] deletes all annotations of the object obj. AnnotationDelete[{obj, itemspec}] deletes all annotations of the items of obj specified by itemspec. AnnotationDelete[spec, key] deletes the annotation key specified by spec.
- [Annotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Annotation.en.md): Annotation[expr, data] represents an expression expr, with annotation data. Annotation[expr, data,  type] specifies the type of annotation being given. Annotation[items, key -> value] associates key -> value pairs with items in objects such as Graph, MeshRegion etc.
- [AnnotationKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnnotationKeys.en.md): AnnotationKeys[obj] lists all annotation keys available for the object obj. AnnotationKeys[{obj, itemspec}] lists all annotation keys available for the items specified by itemspec in obj.
- [AnnotationRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnnotationRules.en.md): AnnotationRules is an option that allows specification of annotations to objects and items in objects.
- [AnnotationValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnnotationValue.en.md): AnnotationValue[obj, key] gives the annotation value associated with key for the object obj. AnnotationValue[{obj, itemspec}, key] gives the annotation value associated with key for items specified by itemspec in obj.
- [AnnuityDue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnnuityDue.en.md): AnnuityDue[p, t] represents an annuity due of fixed payments p made over t periods. AnnuityDue[p, t, q] represents a series of payments occurring at time intervals q. AnnuityDue[{p, {pinitial, pfinal}}, t, q] represents an annuity due with the specified initial and final payments.
- [Annuity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Annuity.en.md): Annuity[p, t] represents an annuity of fixed payments p made over t periods. Annuity[p, t, q] represents a series of payments occurring at time intervals q. Annuity[{p, {pinitial, pfinal}}, t, q] represents an annuity with the specified initial and final payments.
- [Annulus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Annulus.en.md): Annulus[{x, y}, {rinner, router}] represents an annulus centered at {x, y} with inner radius rinner and outer radius router. Annulus[{x, y}, {rinner, router}, {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2}] represents an annulus from angle \\[Theta]1 to \\[Theta]2.
- [AnomalyDetection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnomalyDetection.en.md): AnomalyDetection[{example1, example2, ...}] generates an AnomalyDetectorFunction[...] based on the examples given. AnomalyDetection[LearnedDistribution[...]] generates an anomaly detector based on the given distribution. AnomalyDetection[<|True -> {example11, example12, ...}, False -> {example21, ...}|>] can be used to indicate which examples should be considered anomalous.
- [AnomalyDetector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnomalyDetector.en.md): AnomalyDetector is an option for functions such as Classify that specifies an anomaly detector for them to include.
- [AnomalyDetectorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnomalyDetectorFunction.en.md): AnomalyDetectorFunction[...] represents a function generated by AnomalyDetection for detecting whether data is anomalous or not.
- [Anonymous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Anonymous.en.md): Anonymous represents an option or other value that indicates the absence of a name.
- [Antialiasing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Antialiasing.en.md): Antialiasing is an option that specifies whether antialiasing should be done.
- [Anticommutator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Anticommutator.en.md): Anticommutator[x, y] gives the anticommutator x ** y + y ** x of x and y. Anticommutator[x, y, alg] gives the anticommutator of x and y in the noncommutative algebra alg.
- [Antihermitian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Antihermitian.en.md): Antihermitian[{1, 2}] represents the symmetry of an antihermitian matrix.
- [AntihermitianMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AntihermitianMatrixQ.en.md): AntihermitianMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly antihermitian, and False otherwise.
- [Antisymmetric](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Antisymmetric.en.md): Antisymmetric[{s1, ..., sn}] represents the symmetry of a tensor that is antisymmetric in the slots si.
- [AntisymmetricMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AntisymmetricMatrixQ.en.md): AntisymmetricMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly antisymmetric, and False otherwise.
- [Antonyms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Antonyms.en.md): Antonyms[word] returns the antonyms associated with the specified word.
- [AnyMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnyMatch.en.md): AnyMatch[{e1, e2, ...}, form] yields True if ei matches the pattern form for any of the ei. AnyMatch[expr, form, level] tests parts of expr at level level. AnyMatch[form] represents an operator form of AnyMatch that can be applied to an expression.
- [AnyOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnyOrder.en.md): AnyOrder[p1, p2, ...] is a grammar rules pattern object that represents a sequence of elements matching p1, p2, ... in any order.
- [AnySubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnySubset.en.md): AnySubset[{c1, c2, ...}] represents an element in an interpreter or form that accepts any subset of the choices ci. AnySubset[{lab1 -> c1, lab2 -> c2, ...}] accepts any subset of the labi, yielding the corresponding ci as results. AnySubset[EntityClass[type,  class]] accepts any subset of the entities in the specified entity class. AnySubset[choices, max] allows at most max choices to be selected. AnySubset[choices, {min, max}] allows at least min and at most max choices to be selected.
- [AnyTrue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AnyTrue.en.md): AnyTrue[{e1, e2, ...}, test] yields True if test[ei] is True for any of the ei. AnyTrue[expr, test, level] tests parts of expr at level level. AnyTrue[test] represents an operator form of AnyTrue that can be applied to an expression.
- [Apart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Apart.en.md): Apart[expr] rewrites a rational expression as a sum of terms with minimal denominators. Apart[expr, var] treats all variables other than var as constants.
- [ApartSquareFree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ApartSquareFree.en.md): ApartSquareFree[expr] rewrites a rational expression as a sum of terms whose denominators are powers of square-free polynomials. ApartSquareFree[expr, var] treats all variables other than var as constants.
- [APIFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/APIFunction.en.md): APIFunction[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> type1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> type2, ...}, fun] represents an API with parameters namei that evaluates the function fun whenever it is called. The function fun is applied to <|SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> val2, ...|>, where the vali are the settings for the parameters, interpreted as being of types typei. APIFunction[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> type1 -> default1, ...}, fun] takes the value of the parameter ...
- [AppearanceElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppearanceElements.en.md): AppearanceElements is an option for functions like Manipulate that specifies what elements should be included in the displayed form of the object generated.
- [Appearance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Appearance.en.md): Appearance is an option for displayed objects such as Button and Slider that specifies the general type of appearance they should have.
- [AppearanceRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppearanceRules.en.md): AppearanceRules is an option for form and page generation functions that specifies the overall appearance of the generated object.
- [AppellF1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppellF1.en.md): AppellF1[a, b1, b2, c, x, y] is the Appell hypergeometric function of two variables F1 (a; b1, b2; c; x, y).
- [AppellF2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppellF2.en.md): AppellF2[a, b1, b2, c1, c2, x, y] is the Appell hypergeometric function of two variables F2 (a; b1, b2; c1, c2; x, y).
- [AppellF3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppellF3.en.md): AppellF3[a1, a2, b1, b2, c, x, y] is the Appell hypergeometric function of two variables F3 (a; b1, b2; c1, c2; x, y).
- [AppellF4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppellF4.en.md): AppellF4[a, b, c1, c2, x, y] is the Appell hypergeometric function of two variables F4 (a; b; c1, c2; x, y).
- [Append](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Append.en.md): Append[expr, elem] gives expr with elem appended. Append[elem] represents an operator form of Append that can be applied to an expression.
- [AppendLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppendLayer.en.md): AppendLayer[] represents a net layer that takes an input array and appends another array to it.
- [AppendTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AppendTo.en.md): AppendTo[x, elem] appends elem to the value of x, and resets x to the result.
- [Application](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Application.en.md): f\\[Application]g or Application[f, g] represents the formal application of f to g.
- [Apply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Apply.en.md): f @@ expr or Apply[f, expr] replaces the head of expr by f. Apply[f, expr, levelspec] replaces heads in parts of expr specified by levelspec. Apply[f] represents an operator form of Apply that can be applied to an expression.
- [ApplyReaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ApplyReaction.en.md): ApplyReaction[rxn, mols] applies the pattern reaction rxn to the list of molecules mols, returning a single list of products. ApplyReaction[rxn, mols, n] returns up to n lists of products. ApplyReaction[rxn, mols, {map1, ...}] returns a single set of products, using mapi to map the atoms in the i^th molecule to the i^th reactant. ApplyReaction[rxn] represents an operator form of ApplyReaction that can be applied to a list of molecules.
- [ApplySides](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ApplySides.en.md): ApplySides[f, rel] applies f to each side of the equation or inequality rel.
- [ApplyTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ApplyTo.en.md): ApplyTo[x, f] or x //= f computes f[x] and resets x to the result.
- [ArcCosDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCosDegrees.en.md): ArcCosDegrees[z] gives the arc cosine in degrees of the complex number z.
- [ArcCos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCos.en.md): ArcCos[z] gives the arc cosine cos -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcCosh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCosh.en.md): ArcCosh[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic cosine cosh -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcCotDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCotDegrees.en.md): ArcCotDegrees[z] gives the arc cotangent in degrees of the complex number z.
- [ArcCot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCot.en.md): ArcCot[z] gives the arc cotangent cot -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcCoth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCoth.en.md): ArcCoth[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic cotangent coth -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcCscDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCscDegrees.en.md): ArcCscDegrees[z] gives the arc cosecant in degrees of the complex number z.
- [ArcCsc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCsc.en.md): ArcCsc[z] gives the arc cosecant csc -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcCsch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCsch.en.md): ArcCsch[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic cosecant csch -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcCurvature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcCurvature.en.md): ArcCurvature[{x1, ..., xn}, t] gives the curvature of the parametrized curve whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of t. ArcCurvature[{x1, ..., xn}, t, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [ARCHProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ARCHProcess.en.md): ARCHProcess[\\[Kappa], {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]q}] represents an autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic process of order q, driven by a standard white noise. ARCHProcess[\\[Kappa], {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]q}, init] represents an ARCH process with initial data init.
- [ArcLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcLength.en.md): ArcLength[reg] gives the length of the one-dimensional region reg. ArcLength[{x1, ..., xn}, {t, tmin, tmax}] gives the length of the parametrized curve whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of t. ArcLength[{x1, ..., xn}, {t, tmin, tmax}, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [ArcSecDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSecDegrees.en.md): ArcSecDegrees[z] gives the arc secant in degrees of the complex number z.
- [ArcSec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSec.en.md): ArcSec[z] gives the arc secant sec -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcSech](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSech.en.md): ArcSech[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic secant sech -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcSinDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSinDegrees.en.md): ArcSinDegrees[z] gives the arc sine in degrees of the complex number z.
- [ArcSinDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSinDistribution.en.md): ArcSinDistribution[{x min, x max}] represents the arc sine distribution supported between x min and x max. ArcSinDistribution[] represents the arc sine distribution supported between zero and one.
- [ArcSin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSin.en.md): ArcSin[z] gives the arc sine sin -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcSinh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcSinh.en.md): ArcSinh[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic sine sinh -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [ArcTanDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcTanDegrees.en.md): ArcTanDegrees[z] gives the arc tangent in degrees of the complex number z.
- [ArcTan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcTan.en.md): ArcTan[z] gives the arc tangent tan -1 (z) of the complex number z. ArcTan[x, y] gives the arc tangent of y/x, taking into account which quadrant the point (x, y) is in.
- [ArcTanh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArcTanh.en.md): ArcTanh[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic tangent tanh -1 (z) of the complex number z.
- [Area](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Area.en.md): Area[reg] gives the area of the two-dimensional region reg. Area[{x1, ..., xn}, {s, smin, smax}, {t, tmin, tmax}] gives the area of the parametrized surface whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of s and t. Area[{x1, ..., xn}, {s, smin, smax}, {t, tmin, tmax}, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [Arg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Arg.en.md): Arg[z] gives the argument of the complex number z.
- [ArgMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgMax.en.md): ArgMax[f, x] gives a position xmax at which f is maximized. ArgMax[f, {x, y, ...}] gives a position {xmax, ymax, ...} at which f is maximized. ArgMax[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives a position at which f is maximized subject to the constraints cons. ArgMax[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom. ArgMax[..., dom] constrains variables to the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.
- [ArgMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgMin.en.md): ArgMin[f, x] gives a position xmin at which f is minimized. ArgMin[f, {x, y, ...}] gives a position {xmin, ymin, ...} at which f is minimized. ArgMin[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives a position at which f is minimized subject to the constraints cons. ArgMin[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom. ArgMin[..., dom] constrains variables to the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.
- [ArgumentsOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgumentsOptions.en.md): ArgumentsOptions[f[args], n] tries to separate args into a list of n positional arguments followed by a list of valid options for f. ArgumentsOptions[f[args], {min, max}] requires the number of positional arguments to be between min and max. ArgumentsOptions[f[args], spec, assoc] modifies the behavior based on the information in the association assoc.
- [ARIMAProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ARIMAProcess.en.md): ARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, d, {b1, ..., bq}, v] represents an autoregressive integrated moving-average process y(t) such that its d^th difference is a weakly stationary ARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, v]. ARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, d, {b1, ..., bq}, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a vector ARIMA process (y1 (t), ... , yn (t)) such that its (d, ..., d)^th difference is a vector weakly stationary ARMAProcess. ARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {d1, ..., dn}, {b1, ..., bq}, \\[CapitalSigma]] ...
- [ArithmeticGeometricMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArithmeticGeometricMean.en.md): ArithmeticGeometricMean[a, b] gives the arithmetic-geometric mean of a and b.
- [ARMAProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ARMAProcess.en.md): ARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, v] represents a weakly stationary autoregressive moving-average process with AR coefficients ai, MA coefficients bj, and normal white noise variance v. ARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a weakly stationary vector ARMA process with coefficient matrices ai and bj and covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]. ARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, v, init] represents an ARMA process with initial data init. ARMAProcess[c, ...
- [Around](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Around.en.md): Around[x, \\[Delta]] represents an approximate number or quantity with a value around x and an uncertainty \\[Delta]. Around[x, {\\[Delta] -, \\[Delta] +}] represents a number or quantity with a value around x and asymmetric uncertainties \\[Delta] -, \\[Delta] +. Around[dist] gives an approximate number or quantity around the mean of the distribution dist, with an uncertainty corresponding to the standard deviation of the distribution. Around[list] gives an approximate object around the mean ...
- [AroundReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AroundReplace.en.md): AroundReplace[expr, {s1 -> Around[x1, \\[Delta]1], s2 -> Around[x2, \\[Delta]2], ...}] propagates uncertainty in expr by replacing all occurrences of si by Around[xi, \\[Delta]i]. AroundReplace[expr, rules, n] propagates uncertainty in expr using a series expansion to order n.
- [ARProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ARProcess.en.md): ARProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, v] represents a weakly stationary autoregressive process of order p with normal white noise variance v. ARProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a weakly stationary vector AR process with multinormal white noise covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]. ARProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, v, init] represents an AR process with initial data init. ARProcess[c, ...] represents an AR process with a constant c.
- [ARPublish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ARPublish.en.md): ARPublish[expr] publish expr to an AR device. ARPublish[{expr1, expr2, ...}] display expri in a browsable gallery layout.
- [ArrayComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayComponents.en.md): ArrayComponents[array] gives an array in which all identical elements of array are replaced by an integer index representing the component in which the element lies. ArrayComponents[array, level] finds the identical elements at the specified level in array ArrayComponents[array, level, rules] uses a rule or a list of rules for specifying the labels.
- [ArrayDepth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayDepth.en.md): ArrayDepth[expr] gives the depth to which expr is a full array, with all the parts at a particular level having the same length.
- [ArrayDot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayDot.en.md): ArrayDot[a, b, k] computes the product of arrays a and b obtained by summing up products of terms over the last k dimensions of a and the first k dimensions of b. ArrayDot[a, b, {{s1, t1}, {s2, t2}, ...}] computes the product of arrays a and b obtained by summing up products of terms over the pairs {si, ti} of dimensions.
- [Array](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Array.en.md): Array[f, n] generates a list of length n, with elements f[i]. Array[f, n, r] generates a list using the index origin r. Array[f, n, {a, b}] generates a list using n values from a to b. Array[f, {n1, n2, ...}] generates an n1*n2*... array of nested lists, with elements f[i1, i2, ...]. Array[f, {n1, n2, ...}, {r1, r2, ...}] generates a list using the index origins ri (default 1). Array[f, {n1, n2, ...}, {{a1, b1}, {a2, b2}, ...}] generates a list using ni values from ai to bi. Array[f, dims, ...
- [ArrayExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayExpand.en.md): ArrayExpand[expr] expands out symbolic array operations in expr. ArrayExpand[expr, assum] expands using assumptions assum.
- [ArrayFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayFilter.en.md): ArrayFilter[f, array, r] applies f to all range-r blocks in the specified array. ArrayFilter[f, array, {r1, r2, ...}] applies f to blocks with ranges r1, r2, ... in successive dimensions. ArrayFilter[f, array, template] applies f over blocks specified by the position of 1s in the array template.
- [ArrayFlatten](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayFlatten.en.md): ArrayFlatten[{{m11, m12, ...}, {m21, m22, ...}, ...}] creates a single flattened matrix from a matrix of matrices m i j. ArrayFlatten[a, r] flattens out r pairs of levels in the array a.
- [ArrayMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayMesh.en.md): ArrayMesh[array] generates a mesh region from an array of rank d in which each cell has a geometric dimension d and represents a nonzero value of the array.
- [ArrayPad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayPad.en.md): ArrayPad[array, m] gives an array with m zeros of padding on every side. ArrayPad[array, m, padding] uses the specified padding. ArrayPad[array, {m, n}, ...] pads with m elements at the beginning and n elements at the end. ArrayPad[array, {{m1, n1}, {m2, n2}, ...}, ...] pads with mi, ni elements at level i in array.
- [ArrayPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayPlot3D.en.md): ArrayPlot3D[array] generates a plot in which the values in an array are shown in a discrete array of cubes.
- [ArrayPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayPlot.en.md): ArrayPlot[array] generates a plot in which the values in an array are shown in a discrete array of squares.
- [ArrayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayQ.en.md): ArrayQ[expr] gives True if expr is a full array, and gives False otherwise. ArrayQ[expr, patt] requires expr to be a full array with a depth that matches the pattern patt. ArrayQ[expr, patt, test] requires also that test yield True when applied to each of the array elements in expr.
- [ArrayReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReduce.en.md): ArrayReduce[f, array, n] reduces dimension n of array by applying f. ArrayReduce[f, array, n1 ;; n2] reduces dimensions n1 through n2. ArrayReduce[f, array, {n1, n2, ...}] reduces dimensions n1, n2, etc. ArrayReduce[f, array, {{n11, n12, ...}, {n21, n22, ...}, ...}] applies f to arrays formed by combining all dimensions nij to make each dimension i.
- [ArrayResample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayResample.en.md): ArrayResample[array, {n1, n2, ...}] resamples array to have dimensions {n1, n2, ...}. ArrayResample[array, dspec] resamples array according to the dimension specification dspec. ArrayResample[array, dspec, scheme] specifies resampling scheme, either point or bin based. ArrayResample[array, dspec, scheme, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] resamples only the data in the specified subrange {{xmin, xmax}, ...}.
- [ArrayReshape](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayReshape.en.md): ArrayReshape[list, dims] arranges the elements of list into a rectangular array with dimensions dims. ArrayReshape[list, dims, padding] uses the specified padding if list does not contain enough elements.
- [ArrayRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayRules.en.md): ArrayRules[SparseArray[...]] gives the rules {pos1 -> val1, pos2 -> val2, ...} specifying elements in a sparse array. ArrayRules[list] gives rules for SparseArray[list].
- [Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Arrays.en.md): Arrays[{d1, ..., dr}] represents the domain of arrays of rank r and dimensions di. Arrays[{d1, ..., dr}, dom] represents the domain of arrays of dimensions di, with components in the domain dom. Arrays[{d1, ..., dr}, dom, sym] represents the subdomain of arrays with dimensions di and symmetry sym.
- [ArraySimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArraySimplify.en.md): ArraySimplify[expr] performs a sequence of array transformations on expr and returns the simplest form it finds. ArraySimplify[expr, assum] simplifies using assumptions assum.
- [ArraySymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArraySymbol.en.md): ArraySymbol[a] represents an array with name a. ArraySymbol[a, {n1, n2, ...}] represents an n1*n2*... array. ArraySymbol[a, {n1, n2, ...}, dom] represents an array with elements in the domain dom. ArraySymbol[a, {n1, n2, ...}, dom, sym] represents an array with the symmetry sym.
- [Arrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Arrow.en.md): Arrow[{pt1, pt2}] is a graphics primitive that represents an arrow from pt1 to pt2. Arrow[{pt1, pt2}, s] represents an arrow with its ends set back from pt1 and pt2 by a distance s. Arrow[{pt1, pt2}, {s1, s2}] sets back by s1 from pt1 and s2 from pt2. Arrow[curve, ...] represents an arrow following the specified curve.
- [Arrowheads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Arrowheads.en.md): Arrowheads[spec] is a graphics directive specifying that arrows that follow should have arrowheads with sizes, positions, and forms specified by spec.
- [ASATriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ASATriangle.en.md): ASATriangle[\\[Alpha], c, \\[Beta]] returns a filled triangle with angles \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta] and side length c, and c is adjacent to both angles.
- [AskAppend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskAppend.en.md): AskAppend[key] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that asks for a new value, appends it to the current value associated with  key, and returns the resulting list. AskAppend[key -> formspec] uses formspec to define how input should be requested and interpreted.
- [AskConfirm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskConfirm.en.md): AskConfirm[key] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that asks for confirmation of the current value associated with  key and allows this to be either confirmed or changed. AskConfirm[key, fun] applies the function fun to determine how to ask for confirmation. AskConfirm[key,  str] applies the string  str as a string template to ask for confirmation.
- [AskDisplay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskDisplay.en.md): AskDisplay[expr] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that displays the result of evaluating expr in the context of the AskFunction.
- [AskedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskedQ.en.md): AskedQ[key] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that gives True if a value is currently associated with key, and False otherwise.
- [AskedValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskedValue.en.md): AskedValue[key] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that gives the value associated with key, or Missing[...] if none has been provided.
- [Ask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ask.en.md): Ask[key] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that gives the value associated with key, or interactively asks for it if it is not already known. Ask[key -> formspec] uses formspec to define how input should be requested and interpreted. Ask[{SubscriptBox[key, 1], SubscriptBox[key, 2], ...}] gives the values associated with all the keyi, interactively asking for any that are needed. Ask[{SubscriptBox[key, 1] -> formspec1, SubscriptBox[key, 2] -> formspec2, ...}] uses the formspeci ...
- [AskFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskFunction.en.md): AskFunction[body] evaluates body, interactively asking for values specified by Ask[...] and related constructs. AskFunction[{SubscriptBox[key, 1] -> spec1, SubscriptBox[key, 2] -> spec2, ...}, body] specifies how values associated with the keyi should be asked for.
- [AskState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskState.en.md): AskState[] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that returns an association of all values in the current state of the AskFunction.
- [AskTemplateDisplay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AskTemplateDisplay.en.md): AskTemplateDisplay[fun] is a construct for use inside AskFunction that displays the result of applying fun to the association of the values of all keys encountered so far in the evaluation of the AskFunction. AskTemplateDisplay[str] applies  str as a string template to the association of values.
- [AspectRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AspectRatio.en.md): AspectRatio is an option for Graphics and related functions that specifies the ratio of height to width for a plot.
- [AspectRatioFixed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AspectRatioFixed.en.md): As of Version 6.0, AspectRatioFixed has been superseded by ordinary and Shift interactive resizing of graphics in the front end.
- [Assert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Assert.en.md): Assert[test] represents the assertion that test is True. If assertions have been enabled, test is evaluated when the assertion is encountered. If test is not True, then an assertion failure is generated. Assert[test, tag] specifies a tag that will be used to identify the assertion if it fails.
- [AssessmentFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssessmentFunction.en.md): AssessmentFunction[key] represents a tool for assessing whether answers are correct according to the key. AssessmentFunction[key, method] uses the specified answer comparison method. AssessmentFunction[key, f] uses the function f to compare answers with the key. AssessmentFunction[key, comp] performs assessment using the custom assessment defined in the Association comp. AssessmentFunction[obj] represents an assessment function that performs assessment using the CloudObject obj. ...
- [AssessmentResultObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssessmentResultObject.en.md): AssessmentResultObject[assoc] represents the results of an assessment. AssessmentResultObject[{aro1, aro2, ...}] represents a collection of many assessments.
- [AssociateTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssociateTo.en.md): AssociateTo[a, key -> val] changes the association a by adding the key-value pair key -> val. AssociateTo[a, {key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...}] adds all key-value pairs keyi -> vali.
- [AssociationComap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssociationComap.en.md): AssociationComap[{key1, key2, ...}, x] creates the association <|key1 -> key1[x], key2 -> key2[x], ...|>. AssociationComap[keys] represents an operator form of AssociationComap that can be applied to an expression.
- [Association](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Association.en.md): Association[key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...] or <|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|> represents an association between keys and values.
- [AssociationFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssociationFormat.en.md): AssociationFormat is an option to TextString and related functions that determines how associations are formatted.
- [AssociationMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssociationMap.en.md): AssociationMap[f, {key1, key2, ...}] creates the association <|key1 -> f[key1], key2 -> f[key2], ...|>. AssociationMap[f, <|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>] creates the association <|f[key1 -> val1], f[key2 -> val2], ...|>. AssociationMap[f] represents an operator form of AssociationMap that can be applied to an expression.
- [AssociationQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssociationQ.en.md): AssociationQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid Association object, and False otherwise.
- [AssociationThread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssociationThread.en.md): AssociationThread[{key1, key2, ...} -> {val1, val2, ...}] gives the association <|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>. AssociationThread[{key1, key2, ...}, {val1, val2, ...}] also gives the association <|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>.
- [AssumeDeterministic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AssumeDeterministic.en.md): AssumeDeterministic is an option for functions such as BayesianMinimization that specifies whether or not the function being considered should be assumed to be deterministic.
- [Assuming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Assuming.en.md): Assuming[assum, expr] evaluates expr with assum appended to $Assumptions, so that assum is included in the default assumptions used by functions such as Refine, Simplify, and Integrate.
- [Assumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Assumptions.en.md): Assumptions is an option for functions such as Simplify, Refine, and Integrate that specifies default assumptions to be made about symbolic quantities.
- [AstroAngularSeparation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroAngularSeparation.en.md): AstroAngularSeparation[astro1, astro2] gives the angular distance on the celestial sphere between the astronomical objects astro1 and astro2, as observed from your current geo location. AstroAngularSeparation[astro1, astro2, observer] gives the angular distance between astro1 and astro2 as perceived by the given observer.
- [AstroBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroBackground.en.md): AstroBackground is an option that specifies the background style of an AstroGraphics map.
- [AstroCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroCenter.en.md): AstroCenter is an option for AstroGraphics that specifies the point of the celestial sphere that should appear at the center of the map of the sky.
- [AstroDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroDistance.en.md): AstroDistance[astro] returns the physical distance to the astronomical object astro as currently observed from your geo location. AstroDistance[astro, astro0] returns the physical distance to the astronomical object astro as currently observed from astro0. AstroDistance[astro, Dated[astro0, date]] returns the physical distance to astro as observed from astro0 on the given date.
- [AstroGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroGraphics.en.md): AstroGraphics[primitives, options] represents a two-dimensional view of space and the celestial sphere.
- [AstroGridLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroGridLines.en.md): AstroGridLines is an option for AstroGraphics that specifies the coordinate grid lines to show on the celestial sphere.
- [AstroGridLinesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroGridLinesStyle.en.md): AstroGridLinesStyle is an option for AstroGraphics that specifies how coordinate grid lines should be rendered.
- [AstronomicalData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstronomicalData.en.md): Since Version 10, AstronomicalData has been superseded by PlanetData, StarData, etc.
- [AstroPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroPosition.en.md): AstroPosition[{az, alt}] defines a location on the celestial sphere with azimuth az and altitude alt in the current horizontal frame at your geo position. AstroPosition[{az, alt, r}] defines a location in celestial space with horizon coordinates az, alt and at distance r from your geo position. AstroPosition[coords, frame] uses the given frame, such as Equatorial, Horizon, Galactic, etc. to define the orientation and meaning of the spherical coordinates coords. AstroPosition[coords, frame, ...
- [AstroProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroProjection.en.md): AstroProjection is an option of AstroGraphics that specifies the cartographic projection to use for the map.
- [AstroRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroRange.en.md): AstroRange is an option of AstroGraphics that specifies the included range of coordinates on the celestial sphere.
- [AstroRangePadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroRangePadding.en.md): AstroRangePadding is an option of AstroGraphics that specifies the padding to use when extending beyond the original ranges of coordinates.
- [AstroReferenceFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroReferenceFrame.en.md): AstroReferenceFrame is an option of AstroGraphics that specifies the reference frame and setup of the observation corresponding to the sky map returned.
- [AstroRiseSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroRiseSet.en.md): AstroRiseSet[astro] returns the dates of the next rising and next setting of the astronomical body astro. AstroRiseSet[astro, etype] returns the date of the next event of type etype, such as Rise or UpperCulmination, for the given body astro, as observed from the current geo location. AstroRiseSet[astro, etype, loc] returns the date of the next event of type etype for the given body astro, as observed from location loc. AstroRiseSet[astro, etype, loc, date] returns the date of the next event ...
- [AstroStyling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroStyling.en.md): AstroStyling[skystyle] specifies the style to render the sky in an AstroGraphics map. AstroStyling[{ skystyle, SubscriptBox[param, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[param, 2] -> val2, ...}] modifies the default parameter values of  skystyle as given by the SubscriptBox[param, i] -> vali pairs.
- [AstroSubpoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroSubpoint.en.md): AstroSubpoint[astro] returns the geo location on Earth that currently has the given astro at its zenith. AstroSubpoint[astro, date] returns the geo location on Earth that has astro on its zenith on the given date. AstroSubpoint[astro, {body, date}] returns the astro subpoint on a given celestial body as observed on the given date.
- [AstroZoomLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstroZoomLevel.en.md): AstroZoomLevel is an option of AstroGraphics and AstroStyling that specifies the level of resolution at which to render images.
- [AsymptoticDSolveValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticDSolveValue.en.md): AsymptoticDSolveValue[eqn, f, x -> x0] computes an asymptotic approximation to the differential equation eqn for f[x] centered at x0. AsymptoticDSolveValue[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, x -> x0] computes an asymptotic approximation to a system of differential equations. AsymptoticDSolveValue[eqn, f, x, \\[Epsilon] -> \\[Epsilon]0] computes an asymptotic approximation of f[x, \\[Epsilon]] for the parameter \\[Epsilon] centered at \\[Epsilon]0. AsymptoticDSolveValue[eqn, f, ..., ...
- [Asymptotic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Asymptotic.en.md): Asymptotic[expr, x -> x0] gives an asymptotic approximation for expr near x 0. Asymptotic[expr, {x, x0, n}] gives an asymptotic approximation for expr near x0 to order n.
- [AsymptoticEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticEqual.en.md): AsymptoticEqual[f, g, x -> x^*] gives conditions for f(x) \\[CupCap] g(x) or f(x) \\[Element] \\[CapitalTheta](g(x)) as x -> x^*. AsymptoticEqual[f, g, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives conditions for f(x1, ..., xn) \\[CupCap] g(x1, ..., xn) or f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Element] \\[CapitalTheta]( g(x1, ..., xn)) as {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}.
- [AsymptoticEquivalent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticEquivalent.en.md): AsymptoticEquivalent[f, g, x -> x^*] gives conditions for f(x) \\[Tilde] g(x) as x -> x^*. AsymptoticEquivalent[f, g, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives conditions for f (x1, ..., xn) ~g(x1, ..., xn) as {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}.
- [AsymptoticExpectation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticExpectation.en.md): AsymptoticExpectation[expr, x \\[Distributed] dist, a -> a0] computes an asymptotic approximation for the expectation of expr centered at a0, under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution dist. AsymptoticExpectation[expr, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist, a -> a0] computes an asymptotic approximation for the expectation of expr centered at a0, under the assumption that {x1, x2, ...} follows the multivariate distribution dist. AsymptoticExpectation[expr, vars, {a, a0, ...
- [AsymptoticGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticGreater.en.md): AsymptoticGreater[f, g, x -> x^*] gives conditions for f(x) \\[Succeeds] g(x) or f(x) \\[Element] \\[Omega](g(x)) as x -> x^*. AsymptoticGreater[f, g, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives conditions for f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Succeeds] g(x1, ..., xn) or f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Element] \\[Omega](g(x1, ..., xn)) as {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}.
- [AsymptoticGreaterEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticGreaterEqual.en.md): AsymptoticGreaterEqual[f, g, x -> x^*] gives conditions for f(x) \\[SucceedsEqual] g(x) or f(x) \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega](g(x)) as x -> x^*. AsymptoticGreaterEqual[f, g, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives conditions for f(x1, ..., xn) \\[SucceedsEqual] g(x1, ..., xn) or f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega]( g(x1, ..., xn)) as {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}.
- [AsymptoticIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticIntegrate.en.md): AsymptoticIntegrate[f, x, x -> x0] computes an asymptotic approximation of the indefinite integral \\[Integral]f(x) \\[DifferentialD]x for x centered at x0. AsymptoticIntegrate[f, {x, a, b}, \\[Alpha] -> \\[Alpha]0] computes an asymptotic approximation of the definite integral \\[Integral]_a(\\[Alpha])^\\ b(\\[Alpha)]f(x, \\[Alpha]) \\[DifferentialD]x for \\[Alpha] centered at \\[Alpha]0. AsymptoticIntegrate[f, ..., {\\[Xi], \\[Xi]0, n}] computes the asymptotic approximation to order n.
- [AsymptoticLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticLess.en.md): AsymptoticLess[f, g, x -> x^*] gives conditions for f(x) \\[Precedes] g(x) or f(x) \\[Element] o(g(x)) as x -> x^*. AsymptoticLess[f, g, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives conditions for f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Precedes] g(x1, ..., xn) or f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Element] o(g(x1, ..., xn)) as {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}.
- [AsymptoticLessEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticLessEqual.en.md): AsymptoticLessEqual[f, g, x -> x^*] gives conditions for f(x) \\[PrecedesEqual] g(x) or f(x) \\[Element] O(g(x)) as x -> x^*. AsymptoticLessEqual[f, g, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives conditions for f(x1, ..., xn) \\[PrecedesEqual] g(x1, ..., xn) or f(x1, ..., xn) \\[Element] O(g(x1, ..., xn)) as {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}.
- [AsymptoticOutputTracker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticOutputTracker.en.md): AsymptoticOutputTracker[sys, {f1, ...}, {p1, ...}] gives the state feedback control law that causes the outputs of the affine system sys to track the reference signals fi with decay rates pj. AsymptoticOutputTracker[{sys, {out1, ...}, {in1, \\ ...}}, ...] specifies outputs outi and control inputs inj to use.
- [AsymptoticProbability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticProbability.en.md): AsymptoticProbability[pred, x \\[Distributed] dist, a -> a0] computes an asymptotic approximation for the probability of pred centered at a0, under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution dist. AsymptoticProbability[pred, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist, a -> a0] computes an asymptotic approximation for the probability of pred centered at a0, under the assumption that {x1, x2, ...} follows the multivariate distribution dist. AsymptoticProbability[pred, vars, {a, a0, ...
- [AsymptoticProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticProduct.en.md): AsymptoticProduct[f, x, x -> x0] computes an asymptotic approximation of the indefinite product UnderscriptBox[\\[Product], x]f(x) for x near x0. AsymptoticProduct[f, {x, a, b}, \\[Alpha] -> \\[Alpha]0] computes an asymptotic approximation of the definite product \\[Product]_a(\\[Alpha])^b(\\[Alpha)]\\ f(x, \\[Alpha]) for \\[Alpha] near \\[Alpha]0. AsymptoticProduct[f, ..., {\\[Xi], \\[Xi] 0, n}] computes the asymptotic approximation to order n.
- [AsymptoticRSolveValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticRSolveValue.en.md): AsymptoticRSolveValue[eqn, f, x -> \\[Infinity]] computes an asymptotic approximation to the difference equation eqn for f[x] near \\[Infinity]. AsymptoticRSolveValue[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, x -> \\[Infinity]] computes an asymptotic approximation to a system of difference equations. AsymptoticRSolveValue[eqn, f, x, \\[Epsilon] -> \\[Epsilon]0] computes an asymptotic approximation of f[x, \\[Epsilon]] for the parameter \\[Epsilon] centered at \\[Epsilon]0. ...
- [AsymptoticSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticSolve.en.md): AsymptoticSolve[eqn, y -> b, x -> a] computes asymptotic approximations of solutions y[x] of the equation eqn passing through {a, b}. AsymptoticSolve[eqn, {y}, x -> a] computes asymptotic approximations of solutions y[x] of the equation eqn for x near a. AsymptoticSolve[eqns, {y1, y2, ...} -> {b1, b2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...} -> {a1, a2, ...}] computes asymptotic approximations of solutions {y1[x1, x2, ...], y2[x1, x2, ...], ...} of the system of equations eqns. AsymptoticSolve[eqns, ...
- [AsymptoticSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsymptoticSum.en.md): AsymptoticSum[f, x, x -> x0] computes an asymptotic approximation of the indefinite sum \\[Sum]f(x) for x centered at x0. AsymptoticSum[f, {x, a, b}, \\[Alpha] -> \\[Alpha]0] computes an asymptotic approximation of the definite sum \\[Sum]_a(\\[Alpha])^b(\\[Alpha)]f( x, \\[Alpha]) for \\[Alpha] centered at \\[Alpha]0. AsymptoticSum[f, ..., {\\[Xi], \\[Xi]0, n}] computes the asymptotic approximation to order n.
- [Asynchronous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Asynchronous.en.md): Asynchronous is an option for WolframAlpha that determines whether to use the asynchronous features of the Wolfram|Alpha API.
- [AsynchronousTaskObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsynchronousTaskObject.en.md): AsynchronousTaskObject is being phased out in favor of TaskObject, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [AsynchronousTasks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AsynchronousTasks.en.md): AsynchronousTasks is being phased out in favor of Tasks, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [AtomCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomCoordinates.en.md): AtomCoordinates is an option for Molecule and related functions that specifies the three-dimensional coordinates of the atoms.
- [AtomCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomCount.en.md): AtomCount[mol] gives the number of atoms in the molecule represented by mol. AtomCount[mol, patt] gives the number of atoms in the molecule mol matching the atom pattern patt.
- [AtomDiagramCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomDiagramCoordinates.en.md): AtomDiagramCoordinates is an option for Molecule and related functions that specifies the two-dimensional coordinates of the atoms.
- [Atom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Atom.en.md): Atom[sym] represents an atom with atomic symbol  sym. Atom[sym, name -> value, ...] represents an atom with atomic symbol  sym and specified properties.
- [AtomLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomLabels.en.md): AtomLabels is an option for MoleculePlot and MoleculePlot3D that specifies what labels and label positions should be used for atoms.
- [AtomLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomLabelStyle.en.md): AtomLabelStyle is an option for MoleculePlot and MoleculePlot3D that specifies the style to use for atom labels.
- [AtomList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomList.en.md): AtomList[mol] gives the list of atoms in the molecule represented by mol. AtomList[mol, patt] gives the list of atoms in the molecule mol matching the atom pattern patt. AtomList[mol, patt,  prop] gives the value for the specified property of the atoms matching patt.
- [AtomQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AtomQ.en.md): AtomQ[expr] yields True if expr is an expression which cannot be divided into subexpressions, and yields False otherwise.
- [AttachCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AttachCell.en.md): AttachCell[expr] makes expr a cell attached to the current cell being evaluated. AttachCell[obj, expr] makes expr a cell attached to the notebook, cell or box object obj. AttachCell[obj, expr, pos] specifies that the attached cell should be at position pos relative to obj. AttachCell[obj, expr, pos, dist] specifies that the attached cell should be at a distance dist from pos. AttachCell[obj, expr, pos, dist, opos] aligns the attached cell so that position opos in expr lies at distance dist ...
- [AttachedCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AttachedCell.en.md): AttachedCell is an option for Cells that indicates whether to find cells that were created with AttachCell.
- [AttentionLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AttentionLayer.en.md): AttentionLayer[] represents a trainable net layer that learns to pay attention to certain portions of its input. AttentionLayer[net] specifies a particular net to give scores for portions of the input. AttentionLayer[net, opts] includes options for weight normalization, masking and other parameters.
- [Attributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Attributes.en.md): Attributes[symbol] gives the list of attributes for a symbol. Attributes[symbol] gives the attributes for the symbol named  symbol if it exists. Attributes[{s1, s2, ...}] gives a list of the attributes for each of the si.
- [AudioAmplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioAmplify.en.md): AudioAmplify[audio, s] multiplies all samples of audio by a factor s. AudioAmplify[video, s] amplifies the first audio track in video.
- [AudioAnnotate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioAnnotate.en.md): AudioAnnotate[audio, prop] computes the property prop and adds it as an annotation to audio. AudioAnnotate[audio, name -> spec] adds an annotation with the specified name and values spec to audio.
- [AudioAnnotationLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioAnnotationLookup.en.md): AudioAnnotationLookup[audio] gives all annotations associated to audio. AudioAnnotationLookup[audio, tags] gives the annotations specified by tags. AudioAnnotationLookup[audio, tags -> selector] gives a selection of annotations using selector. AudioAnnotationLookup[audio, tags -> selector, format] formats each annotation element according to format.
- [AudioBlockMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioBlockMap.en.md): AudioBlockMap[f, audio, dur] applies f to non-overlapping partitions of length dur in audio. AudioBlockMap[f, audio, {dur, offset}] applies f to partitions with offset offset in audio. AudioBlockMap[f, audio, {dur, offset, wfun}] applies f after applying wfun to partitions in audio.
- [AudioCapture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioCapture.en.md): AudioCapture[] creates a temporary interactive interface for capturing an audio signal. AudioCapture[file] captures an audio signal into file.
- [AudioChannelAssignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioChannelAssignment.en.md): AudioChannelAssignment is an option for Audio and related functions that specifies a mapping from audio channels to available speakers of the output audio device.
- [AudioChannelCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioChannelCombine.en.md): AudioChannelCombine[{audio1, audio2, ...}] creates a multichannel audio object by combining the sequence of channels in audioi.
- [AudioChannelMix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioChannelMix.en.md): AudioChannelMix[audio] mixes channels of audio by averaging and returns a center-panned stereo audio object. AudioChannelMix[audio, desttype] mixes audio channels into the specified desttype. AudioChannelMix[video, ...] mixes audio channels of video.
- [AudioChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioChannels.en.md): AudioChannels[audio] returns the number of channels in the Audio object audio. AudioChannels[video] returns the number of channels of the first audio track of video.
- [AudioChannelSeparate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioChannelSeparate.en.md): AudioChannelSeparate[audio] gives a list of Audio objects, each of which represents one channel of audio. AudioChannelSeparate[audio, channel] returns the specified channel from audio.
- [AudioData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioData.en.md): AudioData[audio] gives an array of audio samples. AudioData[audio,  type] gives an array of audio samples converted to the specified  type.
- [AudioDelay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioDelay.en.md): AudioDelay[audio, delay] creates audio by adding repeated decaying echos to audio spaced by the specified delay. AudioDelay[audio, delay, feedback] uses the specified feedback as the amount of signal to preserve during each repetition. AudioDelay[audio, delay, feedback, mix] uses mix to control the ratio between original and delayed audio. AudioDelay[video, ...] add delay to the first audio track in video.
- [AudioDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioDelete.en.md): AudioDelete[audio, t] deletes the first t seconds of audio. AudioDelete[audio, -t] deletes the last t seconds of audio. AudioDelete[audio, {t1, t2}] deletes from time t1 to time t2, returning the remaining audio as a single Audio object. AudioDelete[audio, {{t11, t12}, ...}] deletes multiple time intervals.
- [AudioDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioDevice.en.md): As of Version 11.2, AudioDevice has been superseded by AudioOutputDevice.
- [AudioDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioDistance.en.md): AudioDistance[audio1, audio2] returns a distance measure between audio1 and audio2. AudioDistance[video1, video2] returns a distance measure between the audio tracks of video1 and video2.
- [AudioEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioEncoding.en.md): AudioEncoding is an option for Export and other functions that specifies the audio encoding to use when creating an audio or a video file.
- [Audio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Audio.en.md): Audio[file] represents audio stored in the given file. Audio[url] represents audio stored in the given URL. Audio[data] represents audio with samples given by the array data.
- [AudioFade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioFade.en.md): AudioFade[audio] returns audio in which the beginning and end of audio are faded. AudioFade[audio, t] fades the first and last t seconds of audio. AudioFade[audio, {t1, t2}] fades t1 seconds at the beginning and t2 seconds at the end. AudioFade[video, ...] fades the first audio track in video.
- [AudioFrequencyShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioFrequencyShift.en.md): AudioFrequencyShift[audio, freq] gives audio by shifting the spectrum of audio by freq. AudioFrequencyShift[audio, freq, mix] uses mix to control the ratio between the original and shifted audio. AudioFrequencyShift[video, ...] shifts the spectrum of the first audio track in video.
- [AudioGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioGenerator.en.md): AudioGenerator[model] generates one second of audio of a given model. AudioGenerator[model, t] generates t seconds of audio. AudioGenerator[model, t,  type] generates audio samples of the specified  type.
- [AudioIdentify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioIdentify.en.md): AudioIdentify[audio] yields the result of attempting to identify what audio is a recording of. AudioIdentify[audio, category] restricts the identification to the specified category. AudioIdentify[audio, category, n] gives a list of up to n possible identifications. AudioIdentify[audio, category, n,  prop] gives the specified property for each identification.
- [AudioInputDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioInputDevice.en.md): AudioInputDevice is an option for AudioCapture that specifies the device to use for audio recording.
- [AudioInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioInsert.en.md): AudioInsert[audio, t -> new] inserts the audio signal new at time t. AudioInsert[audio, {t1, t2, ...} -> new] inserts the same audio at multiple positions. AudioInsert[audio, {t1 -> new1, ...}] inserts multiple audio signals at different positions.
- [AudioInstanceQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioInstanceQ.en.md): AudioInstanceQ[audio, obj] gives True if audio sounds to be an instance of the object obj, and gives False otherwise. AudioInstanceQ[audio, obj, cat] assumes that audio is the sound of something in the category cat.
- [AudioIntervals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioIntervals.en.md): AudioIntervals[audio] returns audible intervals of audio. AudioIntervals[audio, crit] returns intervals of audio for which the criterion crit is satisfied. AudioIntervals[audio, crit, mindur] returns only intervals larger than the given duration mindur. AudioIntervals[video, ...] returns only intervals from the first audio track in video.
- [AudioJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioJoin.en.md): AudioJoin[audio1, audio2, ...] or AudioJoin[{audio1, audio2, ...}] concatenates all audioi and returns an audio object. AudioJoin[{audio1, t1}, {audio2, t2}, ...] inserts ti seconds of silence after each audioi.
- [AudioLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioLabel.en.md): AudioLabel is an option for an Audio object that specifies the label to show on the object.
- [AudioLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioLength.en.md): AudioLength[audio] returns the number of samples in the Audio object audio.
- [AudioLocalMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioLocalMeasurements.en.md): AudioLocalMeasurements[audio,  prop] computes the property  prop locally for partitions of audio. AudioLocalMeasurements[audio, {SubscriptBox[prop, 1], SubscriptBox[prop, 2], ...}] computes several properties SubscriptBox[prop, i]. AudioLocalMeasurements[audio,  prop, format] returns the measurements in the specified output format. AudioLocalMeasurements[video, ...] computes the measurements from the first audio track in video.
- [AudioLooping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioLooping.en.md): As of Version 12.1, AudioLooping has been superseded by Looping.
- [AudioLoudness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioLoudness.en.md): AudioLoudness[audio] computes the loudness of audio according to the EBU momentary definition. AudioLoudness[audio, def] computes the loudness according to the definition def. AudioLoudness[video, ...] computes the loudness of the first audio track in video.
- [AudioMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioMeasurements.en.md): AudioMeasurements[audio,  prop] computes the property  prop for the entire audio. AudioMeasurements[audio, {SubscriptBox[prop, 1], SubscriptBox[prop, 2], ...}] computes several properties SubscriptBox[prop, i]. AudioMeasurements[audio,  prop, format] returns the values in the specified output format. AudioMeasurements[{audio1, audio2, ...}, ...] returns measurements for all audioi. AudioMeasurements[video, ...] returns measurements for the first audio track in video.
- [AudioNormalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioNormalize.en.md): AudioNormalize[audio] normalizes audio so that the maximum absolute value of its samples is 1. AudioNormalize[audio, model] normalizes the audio signal based on the specified model. AudioNormalize[video] normalizes the first audio track in video.
- [AudioOutputDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioOutputDevice.en.md): AudioOutputDevice is an option for Audio and related functions that specifies the device to use for playback.
- [AudioOverlay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioOverlay.en.md): AudioOverlay[{audio1, audio2, ...}] returns an audio object by overlaying all audioi.
- [AudioPad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPad.en.md): AudioPad[audio, t] adds t seconds of silence to the end of audio. AudioPad[audio, {t1, t2}] adds t1 seconds of silence to the beginning and t2 seconds to the end of audio. AudioPad[audio, tspec, padding] pads using the value or method specified by padding.
- [AudioPan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPan.en.md): AudioPan[audio] returns a center-panned stereo audio object from a mono audio. AudioPan[audio, pan] returns a stereo audio object after panning left and right channels using the specified pan. AudioPan[video, ...] pans the first audio track in video.
- [AudioPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPartition.en.md): AudioPartition[audio, dur] partitions an audio object into non-overlapping segments of duration dur. AudioPartition[audio, dur, offset] generates segments with specified offset.
- [AudioPause](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPause.en.md): AudioPause[] pauses the playback of all AudioStream objects. AudioPause[astream] pauses the playback of the AudioStream object astream. AudioPause[audio] pauses the playback for all streams originated by audio.
- [AudioPitchShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPitchShift.en.md): AudioPitchShift[audio, r] applies pitch shifting to audio by the ratio r, shifting every frequency f to r f. AudioPitchShift[video, r] applies pitch shifting to the first audio track in video.
- [AudioPlay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPlay.en.md): AudioPlay[audio] returns a new AudioStream object from audio and starts the playback. AudioPlay[astream] starts playing an AudioStream object astream.
- [AudioPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioPlot.en.md): AudioPlot[audio] plots the waveform of audio. AudioPlot[{audio1, audio2, ...}] plots waveforms of all audioi. AudioPlot[video] plots the waveform of the first audio track in video.
- [AudioQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioQ.en.md): AudioQ[audio] yields True if audio has the form of a valid Audio object, and False otherwise.
- [AudioRecord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioRecord.en.md): AudioRecord[] returns a new AudioStream object and starts to record from the default input audio device. AudioRecord[inputdev] records from the input audio device inputdev. AudioRecord[astream] starts recording an AudioStream object astream that is connected to an input device.
- [AudioReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioReplace.en.md): AudioReplace[audio, {t1, t2} -> new] replaces the audio signal between t1 and t2 with the new signal new. AudioReplace[audio, {{t11, t12}, ...} -> new] replaces multiple intervals with the same audio new. AudioReplace[audio, {{t11, t12} -> new1, ...}] replaces multiple intervals. AudioReplace[audio, {t1, t2} -> new, fitting] uses the specified fitting method.
- [AudioResample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioResample.en.md): AudioResample[audio, sr] resamples audio to have the sample rate of sr. AudioResample[video, sr] resamples the first audio track in video to have the sample rate of sr.
- [AudioReverb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioReverb.en.md): AudioReverb[audio] adds reverberation to audio. AudioReverb[audio, model] adds reverberation following the room model. AudioReverb[audio, model, mix] controls the mix ratio between original and reverberated audio. AudioReverb[video, ...] adds reverberation to the first audio track in video.
- [AudioReverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioReverse.en.md): AudioReverse[audio] reverses audio so that the signal is played backward. AudioReverse[video] reverses the first audio track in video.
- [AudioSampleRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioSampleRate.en.md): AudioSampleRate[audio] returns the sample rate of the Audio object audio. AudioSampleRate[video] returns the sample rate of the first audio track of video.
- [AudioSpectralMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioSpectralMap.en.md): AudioSpectralMap[f, audio] transforms audio by applying the function f to its short-time Fourier transform. AudioSpectralMap[f, {audio1, ...}] applies the function f to the list of short-time Fourier transforms of all audioi. AudioSpectralMap[f, video] transforms the first audio track in video.
- [AudioSpectralTransformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioSpectralTransformation.en.md): AudioSpectralTransformation[f, audio] returns a modified version of audio by applying a time-frequency transformation f to its short-time Fourier transform. AudioSpectralTransformation[f, video] transforms the first audio track in video.
- [AudioSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioSplit.en.md): AudioSplit[audio, t] splits audio at time t. AudioSplit[audio, {t1, t2, ...}] splits audio at times ti.
- [AudioStop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioStop.en.md): AudioStop[] stops the playback of all AudioStream objects. AudioStop[astream] stops the playback of the AudioStream object astream. AudioStop[audio] stops the playback for all streams originated by audio.
- [AudioStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioStream.en.md): AudioStream[source] creates a new AudioStream object from source. AudioStream[id] is an object that represents a unique audio stream.
- [AudioStreams](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioStreams.en.md): AudioStreams[] returns all existing streams. AudioStreams[audio] returns all existing streams that originated from audio. AudioStreams[audio,  prop] returns  prop for all streams that originated from audio.
- [AudioTimeStretch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioTimeStretch.en.md): AudioTimeStretch[audio, r] applies time stretching to audio by the specified factor r. AudioTimeStretch[video, r] applies time stretching to the first audio track in video.
- [AudioTrackApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioTrackApply.en.md): AudioTrackApply[f, video] applies the function f to the first audio track of the Video object video.
- [AudioTrackSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioTrackSelection.en.md): AudioTrackSelection is an option that specifies the audio tracks of interest.
- [AudioTracks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioTracks.en.md): As of Version 12.2, AudioTracks has been superseded by AudioTrackSelection.
- [AudioTrim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioTrim.en.md): AudioTrim[audio] trims silence from the beginning and end of audio. AudioTrim[audio, t] returns the first t seconds of audio. AudioTrim[audio, -t] returns the last t seconds of audio. AudioTrim[audio, {t1, t2}] returns audio starting at time t1 and ending at time t2 of audio. AudioTrim[audio, {{t11, t12}, ...}] returns a list of audio for all given intervals {ti1, ti2}.
- [AudioType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AudioType.en.md): AudioType[audio] returns the data type used to represent samples in the Audio object audio.
- [AugmentedPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AugmentedPolyhedron.en.md): AugmentedPolyhedron[poly] gives the augmented polyhedron poly by replacing each face by a pyramid. AugmentedPolyhedron[poly, h] gives the augmented polyhedron with a pyramid of height h.
- [AugmentedSymmetricPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AugmentedSymmetricPolynomial.en.md): AugmentedSymmetricPolynomial[{r1, r2, ...}] represents a formal augmented symmetric polynomial with exponents r1, r2, .... AugmentedSymmetricPolynomial[{{r11, ..., r 1 n}, {r21, ..., r 2 n}, ...}] represents a multivariate formal augmented symmetric polynomial with exponent vectors {r11, ..., r 1 n}, {r21, ..., r 2 n}, .... AugmentedSymmetricPolynomial[rspec, data] gives the augmented symmetric polynomial in data.
- [AuthenticationDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AuthenticationDialog.en.md): AuthenticationDialog[] initiates a standard dialog for entering username/password authentication information. AuthenticationDialog[type] initiates an authentication dialog of the specified standard type. AuthenticationDialog[{SubscriptBox[key, 1], SubscriptBox[key, 2], ...}] initiates an authentication dialog that requests values for the specified keys. AuthenticationDialog[arg, func] applies the function func to the dialog's return value.
- [Authentication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Authentication.en.md): Authentication is an option for cloud, web and SSH access functions that allows authentication parameters to be given.
- [AutoAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoAction.en.md): AutoAction is an option for objects such as Slider, Locator, and Button that specifies whether they should automatically take action whenever the mouse pointer is over them, even if they are not clicked.
- [Autocomplete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Autocomplete.en.md): Autocomplete[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, string] gives a list of the stringi that can complete string. Autocomplete[<|SubscriptBox[s, 1] -> w1, SubscriptBox[s, 2] -> w2, ...|>, string] puts the completions in order of decreasing weights wi. Autocomplete[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}, string] uses completions specified by the associations associ. Autocomplete[comps, string, n] gives the first at most n completions. Autocomplete[comps] gives an ...
- [AutocompletionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutocompletionFunction.en.md): AutocompletionFunction[...] represents a function to be applied to a string to generate possible completions.
- [AutoCopy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoCopy.en.md): AutoCopy is an option for notebooks and cloud objects that specifies whether to automatically make a copy when the object is opened.
- [AutocorrelationTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutocorrelationTest.en.md): AutocorrelationTest[data] tests whether the data is autocorrelated. AutocorrelationTest[data, k] tests whether the data is autocorrelated up to lag k. AutocorrelationTest[data, k,  property] returns the value of  property for a given model.
- [AutoDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoDelete.en.md): AutoDelete is an option for boxes that specifies whether a box is automatically deleted when its contents are edited.
- [AutoGeneratedPackage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoGeneratedPackage.en.md): AutoGeneratedPackage is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a package is automatically created when a notebook that contains initialization cells or groups is saved.
- [AutoIndent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoIndent.en.md): AutoIndent is an option for Style and Cell that specifies what automatic indentation should be done at the beginning of a new line after an explicit return character has been entered.
- [AutoItalicWords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoItalicWords.en.md): AutoItalicWords is an option for Cell that gives a list of words that should automatically be put in italics when they are entered.
- [AutoloadPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoloadPath.en.md): AutoloadPath is a global option that specifies from which directories packages are automatically loaded when the Wolfram System is started.
- [Automatic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Automatic.en.md): Automatic represents an option or other value that is to be chosen automatically by a built-in function.
- [AutoMultiplicationSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoMultiplicationSymbol.en.md): AutoMultiplicationSymbol is an option for objects such as Cell and Notebook that specifies when to automatically display a multiplication symbol between elements separated by whitespace that implies multiplication.
- [AutoOpenNotebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoOpenNotebooks.en.md): AutoOpenNotebooks is a global option that specifies which notebooks should be automatically opened when the Wolfram System is started.
- [AutoOpenPalettes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoOpenPalettes.en.md): AutoOpenPalettes is a global option that specifies the palettes that are automatically opened when the Wolfram System is started.
- [AutoOperatorRenderings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoOperatorRenderings.en.md): AutoOperatorRenderings is an option for cells and notebooks that specifies automatic renderings to be used for strings representing operators.
- [AutoRefreshed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoRefreshed.en.md): AutoRefreshed[expr] represents an expression to be reevaluated every hour and made available in the cloud. AutoRefreshed[expr, dt] reevaluates at time interval dt. AutoRefreshed[expr, timespec] reevaluates on the schedule specified by timespec. AutoRefreshed[expr, timespec, fmt] specifies that the result from evaluating expr should be given in format fmt. AutoRefreshed[expr, timespec, {fmt, rform}] specifies that the result should be given as a response of the form rform.
- [AutoRemove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoRemove.en.md): AutoRemove is an option specifying whether tasks, generators, cloud objects and related constructs should be removed after they are executed.
- [AutorunSequencing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutorunSequencing.en.md): AutorunSequencing is an option for Manipulate that specifies how autorun should use the controls provided.
- [AutoScroll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoScroll.en.md): AutoScroll is an option to SelectionMove and related functions that specifies whether a notebook should automatically be scrolled to display the current selection.
- [AutoSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoSpacing.en.md): AutoSpacing is an option for Style and Cell that specifies whether spaces between successive characters should be adjusted automatically.
- [AutoSubmitting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AutoSubmitting.en.md): AutoSubmitting[spec] represents an element of a form that automatically submits the whole form if it is entered.
- [AxesEdge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxesEdge.en.md): AxesEdge is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies on which edges of the bounding box axes should be drawn.
- [Axes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Axes.en.md): Axes is an option for graphics functions that specifies whether axes should be drawn.
- [AxesLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxesLabel.en.md): AxesLabel is an option for graphics functions that specifies labels for axes.
- [AxesOrigin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxesOrigin.en.md): AxesOrigin is an option for graphics functions that specifies where any axes drawn should cross.
- [AxesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxesStyle.en.md): AxesStyle is an option for graphics functions that specifies how axes should be rendered.
- [AxiomaticTheory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxiomaticTheory.en.md): AxiomaticTheory[theory] gives an axiomatic representation of the specified axiomatic theory. AxiomaticTheory[{ theory, <|SubscriptBox[op, 1] -> s1, SubscriptBox[op, 2] -> s2, ...|>}] uses si to represent the operator opi in the theory. AxiomaticTheory[theory,  property] gives the specified property of an axiomatic theory.
- [Axis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Axis.en.md): Axis is a symbol that represents the axis for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [AxisLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxisLabel.en.md): AxisLabel is an option for AxisObject that specifies a label for the axis.
- [AxisObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxisObject.en.md): AxisObject[path] is a Graphics primitive that represents an axis with a quantitative scale along the path path. AxisObject[path, scale] uses the scale specified by scale.
- [AxisStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AxisStyle.en.md): AxisStyle is an option for AxisObject that specifies how to style the path of an axis.
- [BabyMonsterGroupB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BabyMonsterGroupB.en.md): BabyMonsterGroupB[] represents the sporadic simple baby monster group B.
- [Back](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Back.en.md): Back is a symbol that represents the back of a graphic for purposes of placement and alignment.
- [Background](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Background.en.md): Background is an option that specifies what background color to use.
- [Backslash](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Backslash.en.md): Backslash[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Backslash]y\\[Backslash]....
- [Backward](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Backward.en.md): Backward is a symbol that represents the backward direction for purposes of motion and animation.
- [Ball](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ball.en.md): Ball[p] represents the unit ball centered at the point p. Ball[p, r] represents the ball of radius r centered at the point p. Ball[{p1, p2, ...}, r] represents a collection of balls of radius r.
- [Band](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Band.en.md): Band[{i, j}] represents the sequence of positions on the diagonal band that starts with {i, j} in a sparse array. Band[{imin, jmin, ...}, {imax, jmax, ...}] represents the positions between {imin, jmin, ...} and {imax, jmax, ...}. Band[{imin, jmin, ...}, {imax, jmax, ...}, {di, dj, ...}] represents positions starting with {imin, jmin, ...} and then moving with step {di, dj, ...}.
- [BandpassFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BandpassFilter.en.md): BandpassFilter[data, {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]2}] applies a bandpass filter with cutoff frequencies \\[Omega]1 and \\[Omega]2 to an array of data. BandpassFilter[data, {{\\[Omega], q}}] uses center frequency \\[Omega] and quality factor q. BandpassFilter[data, spec, n] uses a filter kernel of length n. BandpassFilter[data, spec, n, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to the filter kernel.
- [BandstopFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BandstopFilter.en.md): BandstopFilter[data, {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]2}] applies a bandstop filter with cutoff frequencies \\[Omega]1 and \\[Omega]2 to an array of data. BandstopFilter[data, {{\\[Omega], q}}] uses center frequency \\[Omega] and quality factor q. BandstopFilter[data, spec, n] uses a filter kernel of length n. BandstopFilter[data, spec, n, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to the filter kernel.
- [BarabasiAlbertGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarabasiAlbertGraphDistribution.en.md): BarabasiAlbertGraphDistribution[n, k] represents a Barabasi-Albert graph distribution for n-vertex graphs where a new vertex with k edges is added at each step.
- [BarChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarChart3D.en.md): BarChart3D[{y1, y2, ...}] makes a 3D bar chart with bar lengths y1, y2, ... . BarChart3D[{..., wi[yi, ...], ..., wj[yj, ...], ...}] makes a 3D bar chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. BarChart3D[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a 3D bar chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [BarChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarChart.en.md): BarChart[{y1, y2, ..., yn}] makes a bar chart with bar lengths y1, y2, .... BarChart[{..., wi[yi, ...], ..., wj[yj, ...], ...}] makes a bar chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. BarChart[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a bar chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [BarcodeImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarcodeImage.en.md): BarcodeImage[string] generates a barcode image of  string in the QR format. BarcodeImage[string, format] generates a barcode image of  string in the specified format. BarcodeImage[string, format, size] attempts to generate a barcode image of the specified size.
- [BarcodeRecognize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarcodeRecognize.en.md): BarcodeRecognize[image] recognizes a barcode in image and returns it as a string. BarcodeRecognize[image,  prop] returns the specified property of the barcode. BarcodeRecognize[image,  prop, format] recognizes barcodes of the specified format only. BarcodeRecognize[video, ...] recognizes barcodes in frames of video.
- [BaringhausHenzeTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaringhausHenzeTest.en.md): BaringhausHenzeTest[data] tests whether data follows a MultinormalDistribution using the Baringhaus-Henze test. BaringhausHenzeTest[data, MultinormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma]]] tests whether data follows the distribution with mean vector \\[Mu] and covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]. BaringhausHenzeTest[data,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [BarLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarLegend.en.md): BarLegend[cf] generates a legend that identifies colors from the color function cf with an automatic range of values. BarLegend[{cf, {min, max}}] generates a legend that identifies colors from the color function cf with the range of values between min and max. BarLegend[cf, contours] generates a legend that identifies color ranges from the color function cf based on the set of contours contours.
- [BarlowProschanImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarlowProschanImportance.en.md): BarlowProschanImportance[rdist] gives the Barlow-Proschan importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist. BarlowProschanImportance[fdist] gives the Barlow-Proschan importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist.
- [BarnesG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarnesG.en.md): BarnesG[z] gives the Barnes G-function BarnesG[z].
- [BarOrigin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarOrigin.en.md): BarOrigin is an option to BarChart and related functions that specifies the origin placement for bars.
- [BarSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarSpacing.en.md): BarSpacing is an option to BarChart and related functions that controls the spacing between bars and groups of bars.
- [BartlettHannWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BartlettHannWindow.en.md): BartlettHannWindow[x] represents a Bartlett-Hann window function of x.
- [BartlettWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BartlettWindow.en.md): BartlettWindow[x] represents a Bartlett window function of x.
- [BaseDecode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseDecode.en.md): BaseDecode[string] decodes the Base64 data contained in a string and returns the result as a byte array. BaseDecode[string,  encoding] decodes using the string using the specified encoding.
- [BaseEncode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseEncode.en.md): BaseEncode[ba] encodes the byte array ba as a Base64 string. BaseEncode[ba,  encoding] encodes using the specified encoding.
- [BaseForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseForm.en.md): BaseForm[expr, n] prints with the numbers in expr given in base n.
- [Baseline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Baseline.en.md): Baseline is a symbol that represents the baseline for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [BaselinePosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaselinePosition.en.md): BaselinePosition is an option that specifies where the baseline of an object is considered to be for purposes of alignment with surrounding text or other expressions.
- [BaseStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseStyle.en.md): BaseStyle is an option for formatting and related constructs that specifies the base style to use for them.
- [BasicRecurrentLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BasicRecurrentLayer.en.md): BasicRecurrentLayer[n] represents a trainable recurrent layer that takes a sequence of vectors and produces a sequence of vectors each of size n. BasicRecurrentLayer[n, opts] includes options for initial weights and other parameters.
- [BatchNormalizationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BatchNormalizationLayer.en.md): BatchNormalizationLayer[] represents a trainable net layer that normalizes its input data by learning the data mean and variance.
- [BatchSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BatchSize.en.md): BatchSize is an option for NetTrain and related functions that specifies the size of a batch of examples to process together.
- [BatesDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BatesDistribution.en.md): BatesDistribution[n] represents the distribution of a mean of n random variables uniformly distributed from 0 to 1. BatesDistribution[n, {min, max}] represents the distribution of a mean of n random variables uniformly distributed from min to max.
- [BattleLemarieWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BattleLemarieWavelet.en.md): BattleLemarieWavelet[] represents the Battle-Lemarié wavelet of order 3. BattleLemarieWavelet[n] represents the Battle-Lemarié wavelet of order n evaluated on equally spaced interval {-10, 10}. BattleLemarieWavelet[n, lim] represents the Battle-Lemarié wavelet of order n evaluated on equally spaced interval {-lim, lim}.
- [BayesianMaximization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BayesianMaximization.en.md): BayesianMaximization[f, {conf1, conf2, ...}] gives an object representing the result of Bayesian maximization over the function f over the configurations confi. BayesianMaximization[f, reg] maximizes over the region represented by the region specification reg. BayesianMaximization[f, sampler] maximizes over configurations obtained by applying the function sampler. BayesianMaximization[f, {conf1, conf2, ...} -> nsampler] applies the function nsampler to successively generate configurations ...
- [BayesianMaximizationObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BayesianMaximizationObject.en.md): BayesianMaximizationObject[...] represents the result of a Bayesian maximization process.
- [BayesianMinimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BayesianMinimization.en.md): BayesianMinimization[f, {conf1, conf2, ...}] gives an object representing the result of Bayesian minimization of the function f over the configurations confi. BayesianMinimization[f, reg] minimizes over the region represented by the region specification reg. BayesianMinimization[f, sampler] minimizes over configurations obtained by applying the function sampler. BayesianMinimization[f, {conf1, conf2, ...} -> nsampler] applies the function nsampler to successively generate configurations ...
- [BayesianMinimizationObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BayesianMinimizationObject.en.md): BayesianMinimizationObject[...] represents the result of a Bayesian minimization process.
- [Because](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Because.en.md): Because[x, y] displays as x \\[Because] y.
- [BeckmannDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BeckmannDistribution.en.md): BeckmannDistribution[\\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]2, \\[Sigma]1, \\[Sigma]2] represents the Beckmann distribution with means \\[Mu]1 and \\[Mu]2 and standard deviations \\[Sigma]1 and \\[Sigma]2. BeckmannDistribution[\\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]2, \\[Sigma]1, \\[Sigma]2, \\[Rho]] represents the Beckmann distribution with means \\[Mu]1 and \\[Mu]2, standard deviations \\[Sigma]1 and \\[Sigma]2, and correlation \\[Rho].
- [Beep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Beep.en.md): Beep[] generates an audible beep when evaluated. Beep[message] beeps and populates the Why the Beep dialog with message.
- [Before](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Before.en.md): Before is a symbol that represents the region before an object for purposes of placement.
- [BeginDialogPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BeginDialogPacket.en.md): BeginDialogPacket[integer] is a WSTP packet that indicates the start of the Dialog subsession referenced by integer.
- [Begin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Begin.en.md): Begin[context`] resets the current context.
- [BeginPackage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BeginPackage.en.md): BeginPackage[context`] makes context` and System` the only active contexts. BeginPackage[context`, {SubscriptBox[need, 1]`, SubscriptBox[need, 2]`, ...}] calls Needs on the needi.
- [BellB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BellB.en.md): BellB[n] gives the Bell number BellB[n]. BellB[n, x] gives the Bell polynomial n.
- [BellY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BellY.en.md): BellY[n, k, {x1, ..., x n - k + 1}] gives the partial Bell polynomial BellY[n, k, {x1, ..., x n - k + 1}]. BellY[n, k, m] gives the generalized partial Bell polynomial of a matrix m. BellY[m] gives the generalized Bell polynomial of a matrix m.
- [Below](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Below.en.md): Below is a symbol that represents the region below an object for purposes of placement.
- [BenfordDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BenfordDistribution.en.md): BenfordDistribution[b] represents a Benford distribution with base parameter b.
- [BeniniDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BeniniDistribution.en.md): BeniniDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Sigma]] represents a Benini distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta] and scale parameter \\[Sigma].
- [BenktanderGibratDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BenktanderGibratDistribution.en.md): BenktanderGibratDistribution[a, b] represents a Benktander distribution of type I with parameters a and b.
- [BenktanderWeibullDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BenktanderWeibullDistribution.en.md): BenktanderWeibullDistribution[a, b] represents a Benktander distribution of type II with parameters a and b.
- [BernoulliB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernoulliB.en.md): BernoulliB[n] gives the Bernoulli number BernoulliB[n]. BernoulliB[n, x] gives the Bernoulli polynomial n.
- [BernoulliDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernoulliDistribution.en.md): BernoulliDistribution[p] represents a Bernoulli distribution with probability parameter p.
- [BernoulliGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernoulliGraphDistribution.en.md): BernoulliGraphDistribution[n, p] represents a Bernoulli graph distribution for n-vertex graphs with edge probability p.
- [BernoulliProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernoulliProcess.en.md): BernoulliProcess[p] represents a Bernoulli process with event probability p.
- [BernsteinBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernsteinBasis.en.md): BernsteinBasis[d, n, x] represents the n^th Bernstein basis function of degree d at x.
- [BesagL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesagL.en.md): BesagL[pdata, r] estimates Besag's L function L(r) for point data pdata at radius r. BesagL[pproc, r] computes L(r) for the point process pproc. BesagL[bdata, r] computes L(r) for binned data bdata. BesagL[pspec] generates the function L that can be applied repeatedly to different radii r.
- [BesselFilterModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselFilterModel.en.md): BesselFilterModel[n] designs a lowpass Bessel filter of order n and cutoff frequency 1. BesselFilterModel[{n, \\[Omega]c}] uses the cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c. BesselFilterModel[{n, \\[Omega]c}, var] expresses the model in terms of the variable var.
- [BesselI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselI.en.md): BesselI[n, z] gives the modified Bessel function of the first kind n.
- [BesselJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselJ.en.md): BesselJ[n, z] gives the Bessel function of the first kind n.
- [BesselJZero](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselJZero.en.md): BesselJZero[n, k] represents the k^th zero of the Bessel function Jn (x). BesselJZero[n, k, x0] represents the k^th zero greater than x0.
- [BesselK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselK.en.md): BesselK[n, z] gives the modified Bessel function of the second kind n.
- [BesselY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselY.en.md): BesselY[n, z] gives the Bessel function of the second kind n.
- [BesselYZero](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BesselYZero.en.md): BesselYZero[n, k] represents the k^th zero of the Bessel function of the second kind Yn (x). BesselYZero[n, k, x0] represents the k^th zero greater than x0.
- [BetaBinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaBinomialDistribution.en.md): BetaBinomialDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], n] represents a beta binomial mixture distribution with beta distribution parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta], and n binomial trials.
- [BetaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaDistribution.en.md): BetaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a continuous beta distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta].
- [Beta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Beta.en.md): Beta[a, b] gives the Euler beta function a. Beta[z, a, b] gives the incomplete beta function Beta[z, a, b].
- [BetaNegativeBinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaNegativeBinomialDistribution.en.md): BetaNegativeBinomialDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], n] represents a beta negative binomial mixture distribution with beta distribution parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta] and n successful trials.
- [BetaPrimeDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaPrimeDistribution.en.md): BetaPrimeDistribution[p, q] represents a beta prime distribution with shape parameters p and q. BetaPrimeDistribution[p, q, \\[Beta]] represents a generalized beta prime distribution with scale parameter \\[Beta]. BetaPrimeDistribution[p, q, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a generalized beta distribution of the second kind with shape parameter \\[Alpha].
- [BetaRegularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetaRegularized.en.md): BetaRegularized[z, a, b] gives the regularized incomplete beta function BetaRegularized[z,a,b].
- [Between](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Between.en.md): Between[x, {min, max}] is equivalent to min <= x <= max. Between[x, {{min1, max1}, {min2, max2}, ...}] is equivalent to min1 <= x <= max1 || min2 <= x <= max2 || .... Between[range] is an operator form that yields Between[x, range] when applied to an expression x.
- [BetweennessCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BetweennessCentrality.en.md): BetweennessCentrality[g] gives a list of betweenness centralities for the vertices in the graph g. BetweennessCentrality[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [BeveledPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BeveledPolyhedron.en.md): BeveledPolyhedron[poly] gives the beveled polyhedron of poly, by beveling each edge. BeveledPolyhedron[poly, l] bevels the polyhedron poly by a length ratio l at its edges.
- [BezierCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierCurve.en.md): BezierCurve[{p1, p2, ...}] represents a Bézier curve with control points pi.
- [BezierFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierFunction.en.md): BezierFunction[{pt1, pt2, ...}] represents a Bézier function for a curve defined by the control points pti. BezierFunction[array] represents a Bézier function for a surface or high-dimensional manifold.
- [BezierSurface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierSurface.en.md): BezierSurface[{{p1, p2, ...}, ...}] represents a Bézier surface defined with control points pi.
- [BilateralFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BilateralFilter.en.md): BilateralFilter[data, \\[Sigma], \\[Mu]] applies a bilateral filter of spatial spread \\[Sigma] and pixel value spread \\[Mu] to data.
- [BilateralHypergeometricPFQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BilateralHypergeometricPFQ.en.md): BilateralHypergeometricPFQ[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, z] is the bilateral hypergeometric function p Hq (a; b; z).
- [BilateralLaplaceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BilateralLaplaceTransform.en.md): BilateralLaplaceTransform[expr, t, s] gives the bilateral Laplace transform of expr. BilateralLaplaceTransform[expr, {t1, t2, ..., tn}, {s1, s2, ..., sn}] gives the multidimensional bilateral Laplace transform of expr.
- [BilateralZTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BilateralZTransform.en.md): BilateralZTransform[expr, n, z] gives the bilateral Z transform of expr. BilateralZTransform[expr, {n1, ..., nk}, {z1, ..., zk}] gives the multidimensional bilateral Z transform of expr.
- [Binarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Binarize.en.md): Binarize[image] creates a binary image from image by replacing all values above a globally determined threshold with 1 and others with 0. Binarize[image, t] creates a binary image by replacing all values above t with 1 and others with 0. Binarize[image, {t1, t2}] creates a binary image by replacing all values in the range t1 through t2 with 1 and others with 0. Binarize[image, f] creates a binary image by replacing all channel value lists for which f[v] yields True with 1 and others with 0.
- [BinaryDeserialize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryDeserialize.en.md): BinaryDeserialize[ByteArray[...]] recovers an expression from a binary representation generated by BinarySerialize. BinaryDeserialize[ByteArray[...], h] wraps h around the expression produced before returning it.
- [BinaryDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryDistance.en.md): BinaryDistance[u, v] gives the binary distance between vectors u and v, equal to 0 if they are identical and 1 otherwise.
- [BinaryFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryFormat.en.md): BinaryFormat is an option for OpenRead and related functions that specifies that a stream should be opened in binary format, so that no textual interpretation of newlines or other data is done.
- [BinaryImageQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryImageQ.en.md): BinaryImageQ[image] yields True if image has the form of a binary Image or Image3D object, and False otherwise.
- [BinaryRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryRead.en.md): BinaryRead[stream] reads one byte of raw binary data from an input stream, and returns an integer from 0 to 255. BinaryRead[stream, type] reads an object of the specified type. BinaryRead[stream, {type1, type2, ...}] reads a sequence of objects of the specified types.
- [BinaryReadList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryReadList.en.md): BinaryReadList[file] reads all remaining bytes from a file, and returns them as a list of integers from 0 to 255. BinaryReadList[file, type] reads objects of the specified type from a file, until the end of the file is reached. The list of objects read is returned. BinaryReadList[file, {type1, type2, ...}] reads objects with a sequence of types, until the end of the file is reached. BinaryReadList[file, types, n] reads only the first n objects of the specified types.
- [BinarySerialize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinarySerialize.en.md): BinarySerialize[expr] gives a binary representation of any expression expr as a ByteArray object.
- [BinaryWrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinaryWrite.en.md): BinaryWrite[channel, b] writes a byte of data, specified as an integer from 0 to 255. BinaryWrite[channel, {b1, b2, ...}] writes a sequence of bytes. BinaryWrite[channel, string] writes the raw sequence of characters in a string. BinaryWrite[channel, ByteArray[...]] writes the contents of a ByteArray object. BinaryWrite[channel, x, type] writes an object of the specified type. BinaryWrite[channel, {x1, x2, ...}, type] writes a sequence of objects of the specified type. BinaryWrite[channel, ...
- [BinCounts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinCounts.en.md): BinCounts[data] counts the number of elements of data whose values lie in successive integer bins. BinCounts[data, binspec] counts the number of elements of data whose values lie in successive bins specified by binspec.
- [BinLists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinLists.en.md): BinLists[data] gives lists of the elements of data whose values lie in successive integer bins. BinLists[data, binspec] gives lists of the elements of data whose values lie in successive bins specified by binspec. BinLists[data -> inds, ...] gives the lists of the labels inds specified by the binning of data.
- [BinnedVariogramList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinnedVariogramList.en.md): BinnedVariogramList[{loc 1 -> val 1, loc 2 -> val 2, ...}] computes a variogram using binned values. BinnedVariogramList[{loc 1, loc 2, ...} -> {val 1, val 2, ...}] generates the same result. BinnedVariogramList[..., spec] allows binning spec to be specified as given in HistogramList.
- [BinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinomialDistribution.en.md): BinomialDistribution[n, p] represents a binomial distribution with n trials and success probability p.
- [Binomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Binomial.en.md): Binomial[n, m] gives the binomial coefficient n.
- [BinomialPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinomialPointProcess.en.md): BinomialPointProcess[n, reg] represents a binomial point process with n points in the region reg.
- [BinomialProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinomialProcess.en.md): BinomialProcess[p] represents a binomial process with event probability p.
- [BinormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BinormalDistribution.en.md): BinormalDistribution[{\\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]2}, {\\[Sigma]1, \\[Sigma]2}, \\[Rho]] represents a bivariate normal distribution with mean {\\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]2} and covariance matrix {{\\[Sigma]1 2, \\[Rho] \\[Sigma]1 \\[Sigma]2}, \\ {\\[Rho] \\[Sigma]1 \\[Sigma]2, \\[Sigma]2 2}}. BinormalDistribution[{\\[Sigma]1, \\[Sigma]2}, \\[Rho]] represents a bivariate normal distribution with zero mean. BinormalDistribution[\\[Rho]] represents a bivariate normal distribution with zero mean and covariance matrix {{1, ...
- [BioMoleculeAlign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioMoleculeAlign.en.md): BioMoleculeAlign[ref, biomol] returns a copy of biomol that has been aligned with reference biomolecule ref. BioMoleculeAlign[ref, biomol, mapping] uses the supplied mapping to determine which chains to include in the alignment. BioMoleculeAlign[ref, biomol, mapping, prop] aligns the biomolecules and returns the property prop of the alignment.
- [BioMolecule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioMolecule.en.md): BioMolecule[id] returns the biomolecule associated with the input identifier id. BioMolecule[BioSequence[Peptide, seq]] attempts to return a biomolecule representing a folded version of the input sequence seq. BioMolecule[biomol -> part] returns a new biomolecule consisting of the part part of biomol.
- [BioMoleculeFoldingMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioMoleculeFoldingMethod.en.md): BioMoleculeFoldingMethod is an option for BioMolecule to determine how to fold an input peptide sequence.
- [BioMoleculePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioMoleculePlot3D.en.md): BioMoleculePlot3D[biomol] creates a three-dimensional graphic of the bio molecule biomol. BioMoleculePlot3D[biomol -> part] shows only the part part of biomol. BioMoleculePlot3D[{bm1, bm2, ...}] plots a group of bio molecules together in the same graphic.
- [BioMoleculeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioMoleculeQ.en.md): BioMoleculeQ[biomol] returns True if biomol is a valid BioMolecule object and False otherwise.
- [BioMoleculeValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioMoleculeValue.en.md): BioMoleculeValue[biomol, prop] returns the value of the property prop for the BioMolecule biomol. BioMoleculeValue[biomol -> part, prop] returns the property value association with part of biomol.
- [BiorthogonalSplineWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BiorthogonalSplineWavelet.en.md): BiorthogonalSplineWavelet[] represents a biorthogonal spline wavelet of order 4 and dual order 2. BiorthogonalSplineWavelet[n, m] represents a biorthogonal spline wavelet of order n and dual order m.
- [BioSequenceBackTranslateList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceBackTranslateList.en.md): BioSequenceBackTranslateList[bioseq] gives the generalized back translations of a peptide sequence bioseq. BioSequenceBackTranslateList[bioseq, gtt] uses the genetic translation table gtt. BioSequenceBackTranslateList[bioseq, gtt, startspec] treats the starting amino acid in bioseq according to the specification startspec.
- [BioSequenceComplement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceComplement.en.md): BioSequenceComplement[bioseq] gives the biological complement of the sequence bioseq.
- [BioSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequence.en.md): BioSequence[type, seq] represents the biomolecular sequence of the given type corresponding to a string seq. BioSequence[seq] infers the type (DNA, protein, etc.) from the sequence. BioSequence[ent] gives the biomolecular sequence associated with the gene or protein entity ent. BioSequence[type, {chem1, chem2, ...}] gives the biomolecular sequence with type corresponding to the given list of chemicals. BioSequence[type, seq, {bond1, bond2, ...}] represents a biomolecular sequence with the ...
- [BioSequenceInstances](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceInstances.en.md): BioSequenceInstances[bioseq] expands the possibly degenerate sequence bioseq into all fully specified corresponding sequences. BioSequenceInstances[bioseq, n] expands the sequence bioseq into at most n fully specified corresponding sequences.
- [BioSequenceModify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceModify.en.md): BioSequenceModify[seq,  mod] gives the result of applying the modification  mod to the sequence seq. BioSequenceModify[seq, {mod, params}] specifies the parameters params for  mod. BioSequenceModify[modspec] represents an operator form of BioSequenceModify that can be applied to a biomolecular sequence.
- [BioSequencePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequencePlot.en.md): BioSequencePlot[bioseq] creates a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the biomolecular sequence bioseq.
- [BioSequenceQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceQ.en.md): BioSequenceQ[bioseq] returns True if bioseq is a valid BioSequence expression, and False otherwise. BioSequenceQ[bioseq, spec] returns True if bioseq is a valid BioSequence expression matching a specification spec, and False otherwise. BioSequenceQ[bioseq, spec 1 | spec2 | ...] returns True if bioseq is a valid BioSequence expression matching any of the speci, and False otherwise.
- [BioSequenceReverseComplement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceReverseComplement.en.md): BioSequenceReverseComplement[bioseq] biologically complements and reverses the sequence bioseq.
- [BioSequenceTranscribe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceTranscribe.en.md): BioSequenceTranscribe[bioseq] transcribes DNA into RNA or inverts the transcription of RNA back to DNA for the sequence bioseq.
- [BioSequenceTranslate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BioSequenceTranslate.en.md): BioSequenceTranslate[bioseq] translates a DNA or RNA sequence bioseq to a peptide sequence. BioSequenceTranslate[bioseq, gtt] uses the genetic translation table gtt. BioSequenceTranslate[bioseq, gtt, startspec] treats start codons in bioseq according to the specification startspec.
- [BipartiteGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BipartiteGraphQ.en.md): BipartiteGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a bipartite graph and False otherwise.
- [BiquadraticFilterModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BiquadraticFilterModel.en.md): BiquadraticFilterModel[{\\[Omega], q}] creates a lowpass biquadratic filter using the characteristic frequency \\[Omega] and the quality factor q. BiquadraticFilterModel[{ type, spec}] creates a filter of a given { type, spec}. BiquadraticFilterModel[{ type, spec}, var] expresses the model in terms of the variable var.
- [BirnbaumImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BirnbaumImportance.en.md): BirnbaumImportance[rdist, t] gives the Birnbaum importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. BirnbaumImportance[fdist, t] gives the Birnbaum importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [BirnbaumSaundersDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BirnbaumSaundersDistribution.en.md): BirnbaumSaundersDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Lambda]] represents the Birnbaum-Saunders distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Lambda].
- [BitAnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitAnd.en.md): BitAnd[n1, n2, ...] gives the bitwise AND of the integers ni.
- [BitClear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitClear.en.md): BitClear[n, k] sets to 0 the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n.
- [BitFlip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitFlip.en.md): BitFlip[n, k] flips the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n.
- [BitGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitGet.en.md): BitGet[n, k] gets the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n.
- [BitLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitLength.en.md): BitLength[n] gives the number of binary bits necessary to represent the integer n.
- [BitNot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitNot.en.md): BitNot[n] gives the bitwise NOT of the integer n.
- [BitOr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitOr.en.md): BitOr[n1, n2, ...] gives the bitwise OR of the integers ni.
- [BitRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitRate.en.md): BitRate is an option that specifies an approximate number of bits per second when creating video and audio files.
- [BitSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitSet.en.md): BitSet[n, k] sets to 1 the bit corresponding to the coefficient of 2^k in the integer n.
- [BitShiftLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitShiftLeft.en.md): BitShiftLeft[n, k] shifts the binary bits in the integer n to the left by k places, padding with zeros on the right. BitShiftLeft[n] shifts one bit to the left.
- [BitShiftRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitShiftRight.en.md): BitShiftRight[n, k] shifts the binary bits in the integer n to the right by k places, dropping bits that are shifted past the unit's position on the right. BitShiftRight[n] shifts one bit to the right.
- [BitXor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BitXor.en.md): BitXor[n1, n2, ...] gives the bitwise XOR of the integers ni.
- [BiweightLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BiweightLocation.en.md): BiweightLocation[list] gives the value of the biweight location estimator of the elements in list. BiweightLocation[list, c] gives the value of the biweight location estimator with scaling parameter c.
- [BiweightMidvariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BiweightMidvariance.en.md): BiweightMidvariance[list] gives the value of the biweight midvariance of the elements in list. BiweightMidvariance[list, c] gives the value of the biweight midvariance with scaling parameter c.
- [Black](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Black.en.md): Black represents the color black in graphics or style specifications.
- [BlackmanHarrisWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlackmanHarrisWindow.en.md): BlackmanHarrisWindow[x] represents a Blackman-Harris window function of x.
- [BlackmanNuttallWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlackmanNuttallWindow.en.md): BlackmanNuttallWindow[x] represents a Blackman-Nuttall window function of x.
- [BlackmanWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlackmanWindow.en.md): BlackmanWindow[x] represents a Blackman window function of x.
- [Blank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blank.en.md): _or Blank[] is a pattern object that can stand for any Wolfram Language expression. _h or Blank[h] can stand for any expression with head h.
- [BlankNullSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlankNullSequence.en.md): ___(three _characters) or BlankNullSequence[] is a pattern object that can stand for any sequence of zero or more Wolfram Language expressions. ___h or BlankNullSequence[h] can stand for any sequence of expressions, all of which have head h.
- [BlankSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlankSequence.en.md): __(two _characters) or BlankSequence[] is a pattern object that can stand for any sequence of one or more Wolfram Language expressions. __h or BlankSequence[h] can stand for any sequence of one or more expressions, all of which have head h.
- [Blend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blend.en.md): Blend[{col1, col2}, x] gives a color obtained by blending a fraction 1 - x of color col1 and x of color col2. Blend[{col1, col2, col3, ...}, x] linearly interpolates between colors coli as x varies from 0 to 1. Blend[{{x1, col1}, {x2, col2}, ...}, x] interpolates to give coli when x = xi. Blend[{col1, col2, ...}, {u1, u2, ...}] blends all the coli, using fraction ui of color coli. Blend[{image1, image2, ...}, ...] blends pixel values of 2D or 3D images imagei.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainAddressData.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the default blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the blockchain address.
- [BlockchainBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainBase.en.md): BlockchainBase is an option for various blockchain functions that specifies which blockchain to use.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainBlockData.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[hash] gives information about the block with the specified hash on the blockchain specified by $BlockchainBase. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainContractValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainContractValue.en.md): BlockchainContractValue[caddr] gets the result obtained from a Wolfram expression contract at blockchain address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, prop] gets the property prop of the result obtained from a Wolfram expression contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, func] calls the function func of a contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, assoc] calls a contract with address caddr with the properties defined in Association assoc.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainData.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the blockchain specified by $BlockchainBase. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the blockchain.
- [BlockchainGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainGet.en.md): BlockchainGet[id] retrieves data from the Wolfram blockchain for the transaction with the specified ID.
- [BlockchainKeyEncode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainKeyEncode.en.md): BlockchainKeyEncode[key, form] encodes a private or public key in the specified blockchain format.
- [BlockchainPut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainPut.en.md): BlockchainPut[expr] adds expr to the Wolfram blockchain.
- [BlockchainTokenData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainTokenData.en.md): BlockchainTokenData[name] gives information about the use of tokens with the specified name on a blockchain. BlockchainTokenData[sym] gives information about tokens with symbol sym. BlockchainTokenData[address] gives information about tokens associated with the specified address. BlockchainTokenData[assoc] gives information about tokens with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainTokenData[tokenspec, prop] gives the specified property of token usage.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainTransactionData.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the blockchain specified by $BlockchainBase. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainTransaction.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainTransactionSign.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a blockchain transaction using the specified private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {key1, key2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction using all the keys keyi.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockchainTransactionSubmit.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to a blockchain.
- [BlockDiagonalMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockDiagonalMatrix.en.md): BlockDiagonalMatrix[{d1, d2, ...}] represents the block diagonal matrix with diagonal blocks di as a structured array. BlockDiagonalMatrix[mat] converts the block diagonal matrix mat to a structured array.
- [Block](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Block.en.md): Block[{x, y, ...}, expr] specifies that expr is to be evaluated with local values for the symbols x, y, .... Block[{x = x0, ...}, expr] defines initial local values for x, ....
- [BlockLowerTriangularMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockLowerTriangularMatrix.en.md): BlockLowerTriangularMatrix[lmat] represents the block lower triangular matrix lmat as a structured array.
- [BlockMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockMap.en.md): BlockMap[f, list, n] applies f to non-overlapping sublists of length n in list. BlockMap[f, list, n, d] applies f to sublists with offset d in list. BlockMap[f, list, {n1, n2, ...}, ...] applies f to blocks of size n1*n2*....
- [BlockRandom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockRandom.en.md): BlockRandom[expr] evaluates expr with all pseudorandom generators localized, so that uses of SeedRandom, RandomInteger, and related functions within the evaluation of expr do not affect subsequent pseudorandom sequences.
- [BlockUpperTriangularMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlockUpperTriangularMatrix.en.md): BlockUpperTriangularMatrix[umat] represents the block upper triangular matrix umat as a structured array.
- [BlomqvistBeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlomqvistBeta.en.md): BlomqvistBeta[v1, v2] gives Blomqvist's medial correlation coefficient \\[Beta] for the vectors v1 and v2. BlomqvistBeta[m] gives Blomqvist's medial correlation coefficient \\[Beta] for the matrix m. BlomqvistBeta[m1, m2] gives Blomqvist's medial correlation coefficient \\[Beta] for the matrices m1 and m2. BlomqvistBeta[dist] gives the medial correlation coefficient matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. BlomqvistBeta[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th medial correlation ...
- [BlomqvistBetaTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BlomqvistBetaTest.en.md): BlomqvistBetaTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are independent. BlomqvistBetaTest[m1, m2] tests whether the matrices m1 and m2 are independent. BlomqvistBetaTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [Blue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blue.en.md): Blue represents the color blue in graphics or style specifications.
- [Blur](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blur.en.md): Blur[image] gives a blurred version of image. Blur[image, r] gives a version of image blurred over pixel radius r.
- [Blurring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blurring.en.md): Blurring[r] is a two-dimensional directive specifying that graphics objects are to be drawn with a blur effect of radius r.
- [BodePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BodePlot.en.md): BodePlot[lsys] generates a Bode plot of a linear time-invariant system lsys. BodePlot[lsys, {\\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots for the frequency range \\[Omega]min to \\[Omega]max. BodePlot[expr, {\\[Omega], \\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots expr using the variable \\[Omega].
- [BohmanWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BohmanWindow.en.md): BohmanWindow[x] represents a Bohman window function of x.
- [Bold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bold.en.md): Bold represents a bold font weight.
- [BondCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BondCount.en.md): BondCount[mol] gives the number of bonds in the molecule mol. BondCount[mol, patt] gives the number of bonds in the molecule mol matching the bond pattern patt.
- [Bond](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bond.en.md): Bond[{idi, idj}, type] represents a chemical bond between atoms with indices idi and idj of the specified type.
- [BondLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BondLabels.en.md): BondLabels is an option for MoleculePlot and MoleculePlot3D that specifies what labels and label positions should be used for bonds.
- [BondLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BondLabelStyle.en.md): BondLabelStyle is an option for MoleculePlot and MoleculePlot3D that specifies the style to use for bond labels.
- [BondList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BondList.en.md): BondList[mol] gives the list of bonds in the molecule mol. BondList[mol, patt] gives the list of bonds in the molecule mol matching the atom pattern patt. BondList[mol, patt,  prop] gives the value for the specified property of the bonds matching patt.
- [BondQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BondQ.en.md): BondQ[m, bond] gives True if bond is a bond in the molecule m, and False otherwise.
- [Bookmarks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bookmarks.en.md): Bookmarks is an option for Manipulate and related functions that gives a list of bookmark settings.
- [BooleanConsecutiveFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanConsecutiveFunction.en.md): BooleanConsecutiveFunction[k, n] represents a Boolean function of n variables that gives True if k consecutive variables are True. BooleanConsecutiveFunction[{k, True}, n] treats the variable list as cyclic. BooleanConsecutiveFunction[{k1, k2, ..., kd}, {n1, n2, ..., nd}] represents a Boolean function of n1 n2 \\[CenterEllipsis] nd variables that gives True if all variables in a k1*k2*...*kd block of the n1*n2*...*nd variable array are True. BooleanConsecutiveFunction[{{k1, k2, ..., kd}, {c1, ...
- [BooleanConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanConvert.en.md): BooleanConvert[expr] converts the Boolean expression expr to disjunctive normal form. BooleanConvert[expr, form] converts the Boolean expression expr to the specified form. BooleanConvert[expr, form, cond] finds an expression in the specified form that is equivalent to expr when cond is true.
- [BooleanCountingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanCountingFunction.en.md): BooleanCountingFunction[kmax, n] represents a Boolean function of n variables that gives True if at most kmax variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[{k}, n] represents a function of n variables that gives True if exactly k variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[{kmin, kmax}, n] represents a function that gives True if between kmin and kmax variables are True. BooleanCountingFunction[{{k1, k2, ...}}, n] represents a function that gives True if exactly ki variables are True. ...
- [BooleanFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanFunction.en.md): BooleanFunction[k, n] represents the k^th Boolean function in n variables. BooleanFunction[values] represents the Boolean function corresponding to the specified vector of truth values. BooleanFunction[{{i11, i12, ...} -> o1, ...}] represents the Boolean function defined by the specified mapping from inputs to outputs. BooleanFunction[spec, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the Boolean expression in variables ai corresponding to the Boolean function specified by spec. BooleanFunction[spec, {a1, a2, ...
- [BooleanGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanGraph.en.md): BooleanGraph[bfunc, g1, ..., gn] gives the Boolean graph defined by the Boolean function bfunc on the graphs g1, ..., gn.
- [BooleanMaxterms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMaxterms.en.md): BooleanMaxterms[k, n] represents the k^th maxterm in n variables. BooleanMaxterms[{k1, k2, ...}, n] represents the conjunction of the maxterms ki. BooleanMaxterms[{{u1, ..., un}, {v1, ...}, ...}] represents the conjunction of maxterms given by the exponent vectors ui, vi, .... BooleanMaxterms[spec, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the Boolean expression in variables ai corresponding to the maxterms function specified by spec. BooleanMaxterms[spec, {a1, a2, ...}, form] gives the Boolean expression in the ...
- [BooleanMinimize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinimize.en.md): BooleanMinimize[expr] finds a minimal-length disjunctive normal form representation of expr. BooleanMinimize[expr, form] finds a minimal-length representation for expr in the specified form. BooleanMinimize[expr, form, cond] finds a minimal-length expression in the specified form that is equivalent to expr when cond is true.
- [BooleanMinterms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinterms.en.md): BooleanMinterms[k, n] represents the k^th minterm in n variables. BooleanMinterms[{k1, k2, ...}, n] represents the disjunction of the minterms ki. BooleanMinterms[{{u1, ..., un}, {v1, ...}, ...}] represents the disjunction of minterms given by the exponent vectors ui, vi, .... BooleanMinterms[spec, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the Boolean expression in variables ai corresponding to the minterms function specified by spec. BooleanMinterms[spec, {a1, a2, ...}, form] gives the Boolean expression in the ...
- [BooleanQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanQ.en.md): BooleanQ[expr] returns True if expr is either True or False.
- [BooleanRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanRegion.en.md): BooleanRegion[bfunc, {reg1, reg2, ...}] represents the Boolean combination bfunc of regions reg1, reg2, ....
- [Booleans](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Booleans.en.md): Booleans represents the domain of Booleans, as in x \\[Element] Booleans.
- [BooleanStrings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanStrings.en.md): BooleanStrings is an option to TextString and related functions that determines what strings correspond to the Wolfram Language symbols True and False.
- [BooleanTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanTable.en.md): BooleanTable[bf] gives a list of truth values for all possible combinations of variable values supplied to the Boolean function bf. BooleanTable[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] gives a list of the truth values of the Boolean expression expr for all possible combinations of values of the ai. BooleanTable[expr, {a1, a2, ...}, {b1, ...}, ...] gives a nested table of truth values of expr with the outermost level giving possible combinations of the ai.
- [BooleanVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanVariables.en.md): BooleanVariables[expr] gives a list of the Boolean variables in the Boolean expression expr. BooleanVariables[bf] gives the number of Boolean variables in the BooleanFunction object bf.
- [Boole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Boole.en.md): Boole[expr] yields 1 if expr is True and 0 if it is False.
- [BorderDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BorderDimensions.en.md): BorderDimensions[image] gives the pixel width of uniform borders of image in the form {{left, right}, {bottom, top}}. BorderDimensions[image, t] finds borders whose pixels vary by an amount less than t.
- [BorelTannerDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BorelTannerDistribution.en.md): BorelTannerDistribution[\\[Alpha], n] represents a Borel-Tanner distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and n.
- [Bottom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bottom.en.md): Bottom is a symbol that represents the bottom for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [BottomHatTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BottomHatTransform.en.md): BottomHatTransform[image, ker] gives the morphological bottom-hat transform of image with respect to structuring element ker. BottomHatTransform[image, r] gives the bottom-hat transform with respect to a range-r square. BottomHatTransform[data, ...] applies a bottom-hat transform to an array of data.
- [BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics.en.md): BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics[g] discretizes a 2D or 3D graphic g into a BoundaryMeshRegion. BoundaryDiscretizeGraphics[g, patt] discretizes only the elements in g that match the pattern patt.
- [BoundaryDiscretizeRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundaryDiscretizeRegion.en.md): BoundaryDiscretizeRegion[reg] discretizes the region reg into a BoundaryMeshRegion. BoundaryDiscretizeRegion[reg, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] restricts to the bounds [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis].
- [BoundaryMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundaryMesh.en.md): BoundaryMesh[mreg] gives a BoundaryMeshRegion from a MeshRegion mreg.
- [BoundaryMeshRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundaryMeshRegion.en.md): BoundaryMeshRegion[{p1, p2, ...}, {bcell1[{i1, ...}], bcell2[{j1, ...}], ...}] yields a mesh with boundary cells bcellj, where coordinates given as integer i are taken to be pi, where the cells together represent a closed curve, surface, etc. BoundaryMeshRegion[..., {..., wi[bcelli[...]], ...}] yields a mesh with cell properties defined by the symbolic wrapper wi. BoundaryMeshRegion[..., boundary1, boundary2, ...] yields a mesh from multiple boundaries boundaryi.
- [BoundaryMeshRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundaryMeshRegionQ.en.md): BoundaryMeshRegionQ[reg] yields True if the region reg is a valid BoundaryMeshRegion object and False otherwise.
- [BoundaryStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundaryStyle.en.md): BoundaryStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies the style in which boundaries of regions should be drawn.
- [BoundedRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundedRegionQ.en.md): BoundedRegionQ[reg] gives True if reg is a bounded region and False otherwise.
- [BoundingRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoundingRegion.en.md): BoundingRegion[{pt1, pt2, ...}] gives the minimal axis-aligned bounding box for the points pt1, pt2, .... BoundingRegion[{pt1, pt2, ...}, form] gives a bounding region of type form. BoundingRegion[reg, form] gives a bounding region for the region reg.
- [BoxBaselineShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxBaselineShift.en.md): BoxBaselineShift is an option for AdjustmentBox that specifies how much the baseline of the box should be shifted relative to those of neighboring characters.
- [BoxData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxData.en.md): BoxData[boxes] is a low-level representation of the contents of a typesetting cell.
- [Boxed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Boxed.en.md): Boxed is an option for Graphics3D that specifies whether to draw the edges of the bounding box in a three-dimensional picture.
- [Boxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Boxes.en.md): Boxes is a symbol that represents typeset boxes in InputField and related functions.
- [BoxFormFormatTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxFormFormatTypes.en.md): BoxFormFormatTypes is a global option that specifies the list of typeset format types that are currently defined.
- [BoxFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxFrame.en.md): BoxFrame is an option for FrameBox objects that specifies whether to draw a frame around the contents of the box.
- [BoxMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxMargins.en.md): BoxMargins is an option for AdjustmentBox objects that specifies the margins to leave around the contents of the box.
- [BoxMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxMatrix.en.md): BoxMatrix[r] gives a (2 r + 1)*(2 r + 1) matrix of 1s. BoxMatrix[r, w] gives a (2 r + 1)*(2 r + 1) block of 1s centered in a w*w matrix of 0s. BoxMatrix[{r1, r2, ...}, ...] gives a (2 r1 + 1)* (2 r2 + 1) *... array of 1s.
- [BoxObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxObject.en.md): BoxObject[id] is an object that represents a box structure in an open notebook in the front end.
- [BoxRatios](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxRatios.en.md): BoxRatios is an option for Graphics3D that gives the ratios of side lengths for the bounding box of the three-dimensional picture.
- [BoxStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxStyle.en.md): BoxStyle is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies how the bounding box should be rendered.
- [BoxWhiskerChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxWhiskerChart.en.md): BoxWhiskerChart[{x1, x2, ...}] makes a box-and-whisker chart for the values xi. BoxWhiskerChart[{x1, x2, ...}, bwspec] makes a chart with box-and-whisker symbol specification bwspec. BoxWhiskerChart[{data1, data2, ...}, ...] makes a chart with box-and-whisker symbol for each datai. BoxWhiskerChart[{{data1, data2, ...}, ...}, ...] makes a box-and-whisker chart from multiple groups of datasets {data1, data2, ...}.
- [BracketingBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BracketingBar.en.md): BracketingBar[x, y, ...] displays as |x, y, ...|.
- [Bra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bra.en.md): Bra[{b1, b2, ...}] displays as Bra[{b1, b2, ...}].
- [BraKet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BraKet.en.md): BraKet[{b1, b2, ...}, {k1, k2, ...}] displays as b1, b2, ....
- [BrayCurtisDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BrayCurtisDistance.en.md): BrayCurtisDistance[u, v] gives the Bray-Curtis distance between vectors u and v.
- [BreadthFirstScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BreadthFirstScan.en.md): BreadthFirstScan[g, s, {SubscriptBox[event, 1] -> f1, SubscriptBox[event, 2] -> f2, ...}] performs a breadth-first scan (bfs) of the graph g starting at the vertex s and evaluates fi whenever SubscriptBox[event, i] occurs. BreadthFirstScan[g, {SubscriptBox[event, 1] -> f1, SubscriptBox[event, 2] -> f2, ...}] performs a breadth-first scan of the whole graph g. BreadthFirstScan[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Break](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Break.en.md): Break[] exits the nearest enclosing Do, For, Until or While.
- [BridgeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BridgeData.en.md): BridgeData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the bridge entity. BridgeData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified bridge entities. BridgeData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [BrightnessEqualize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BrightnessEqualize.en.md): BrightnessEqualize[image] adjusts the brightness across image, correcting uneven illumination. BrightnessEqualize[image, flatfield] uses the correction model given by flatfield, which models the variation in brightness across image. BrightnessEqualize[image, flatfield, darkfield] uses the dark environment model given by darkfield.
- [BroadcastStationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BroadcastStationData.en.md): BroadcastStationData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the broadcast station entity. BroadcastStationData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified broadcast station entities. BroadcastStationData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Brown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Brown.en.md): Brown represents the color brown in graphics or style specifications.
- [BrownForsytheTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BrownForsytheTest.en.md): BrownForsytheTest[data] tests whether the variance of data is 1. BrownForsytheTest[{data1, data2, ...}] tests whether the variances of data1, data2, ... are equal. BrownForsytheTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2] tests a dispersion measure against \\[Sigma]_0^2. BrownForsytheTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [BrownianBridgeProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BrownianBridgeProcess.en.md): BrownianBridgeProcess[\\[Sigma], {t1, a}, {t2, b}] represents the Brownian bridge process from value a at time t1 to value b at time t2 with volatility \\[Sigma]. BrownianBridgeProcess[{t1, a}, {t2, b}] represents the standard Brownian bridge process from value a at time t1 to value b at time t2. BrownianBridgeProcess[t1, t2] represents the standard Brownian bridge process pinned at 0 at times t1 and t2. BrownianBridgeProcess[] represents the standard Brownian bridge process pinned at 0 at ...
- [BSplineBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineBasis.en.md): BSplineBasis[d, x] gives the zeroth uniform B-spline basis function of degree d at x. BSplineBasis[d, n, x] gives the n^th uniform B-spline basis function of degree d. BSplineBasis[{d, {u1, u2, ...}}, n, x] gives the n^th non-uniform B-spline basis function of degree d with knots at positions ui.
- [BSplineCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineCurve.en.md): BSplineCurve[{p1, p2, ...}] represents a nonuniform rational B-spline curve with control points pi.
- [BSplineFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineFunction.en.md): BSplineFunction[{pt1, pt2, ...}] represents a B-spline function for a curve defined by the control points pti. BSplineFunction[array] represents a B-spline function for a surface or high-dimensional manifold.
- [BSplineSurface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineSurface.en.md): BSplineSurface[{{p1, p2, ...}, ...}] represents a nonuniform rational B-spline surface defined with control points pi.
- [BubbleChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleChart3D.en.md): BubbleChart3D[{{x1, y1, z1, u1}, {x2, y2, z2, u2}, ...}] makes a 3D bubble chart with bubbles at positions {xi, yi, zi} with sizes ui. BubbleChart3D[{..., wi[{xi, yi, zi, ui}, ...], ..., wj[{xj, yj, zj, uj}, ...], ...}] makes a 3D bubble chart with bubble features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. BubbleChart3D[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a 3D bubble chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [BubbleChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleChart.en.md): BubbleChart[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}] makes a bubble chart with bubbles at positions {xi, yi} with sizes zi. BubbleChart[{..., wi[{xi, yi, zi}, ...], ..., wj[{xj, yj, zj}, ...], ...}] makes a bubble chart with bubble features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. BubbleChart[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a bubble chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [BubbleHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleHistogram.en.md): BubbleHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots a bubble histogram of the values {xi, yi}. BubbleHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, bspec] plots a bubble histogram with bins specified by bspec. BubbleHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, bspec, hspec] plots a bubble histogram with bubble sizes computed according to the specification hspec.
- [BubbleScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleScale.en.md): BubbleScale is an option to BubbleChart and related functions that specifies how the scale of each bubble should be determined from the value of each data element.
- [BubbleSizes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleSizes.en.md): BubbleSizes is an option to BubbleChart and related functions that specifies the range of sizes used for bubbles.
- [BuckyballGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BuckyballGraph.en.md): BuckyballGraph[] gives the buckyball graph. BuckyballGraph[n] gives the order-n buckyball graph. BuckyballGraph[n, class] gives the order-n buckyball graph of class  class.
- [BuildCompiledComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BuildCompiledComponent.en.md): BuildCompiledComponent[comp] builds the compiled component comp. BuildCompiledComponent[comp, dest] builds the compiled component comp, placing the result in dest.
- [BuildingData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BuildingData.en.md): BuildingData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the building entity. BuildingData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified building entities. BuildingData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [BulletGauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BulletGauge.en.md): BulletGauge[value, reference, {min, max}] draws a bullet gauge showing value and reference in a range of min to max. BulletGauge[value, reference, {min, m1, m2, ..., max}] draws a bullet gauge with performance regions split at the mi. BulletGauge[{v1, v2, ...}, ...] draws a bullet gauge with multiple values v1, v2, .... BulletGauge[values, {r1, r2, ...}, ...] draws a bullet gauge with multiple references r1, r2, ....
- [BunchKaufmanDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BunchKaufmanDecomposition.en.md): BunchKaufmanDecomposition[m] yields the Bunch-Kaufman decomposition of the Hermitian or symmetric matrix m as a triple {l, b, p}.
- [BusinessDayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BusinessDayQ.en.md): BusinessDayQ[date] returns True if the date is a business day and returns False otherwise.
- [ButterflyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButterflyGraph.en.md): ButterflyGraph[n] gives the order-n butterfly graph. ButterflyGraph[n, b] gives the base-b order-n butterfly graph.
- [ButterworthFilterModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButterworthFilterModel.en.md): ButterworthFilterModel[n] creates a lowpass Butterworth filter of order n and cutoff frequency of 1. ButterworthFilterModel[{n, \\[Omega]c}] uses the cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c. ButterworthFilterModel[{ type, spec}] creates a filter of a given  type using the specified parameters spec. ButterworthFilterModel[{ type, spec}, var] expresses the model in terms of the variable var.
- [ButtonBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonBar.en.md): ButtonBar[{lbl1 :> act1, lbl2 :> act2, ...}] represents a bar of buttons with labels lbli that perform actions acti when pressed.
- [ButtonBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonBox.en.md): ButtonBox[boxes] is a low-level box construct that represents a button in a notebook expression.
- [ButtonBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonBoxOptions.en.md): ButtonBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for ButtonBox.
- [ButtonData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonData.en.md): ButtonData is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox that specifies the second argument to give to the ButtonFunction for the button when the button is active and is clicked.
- [Button](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Button.en.md): Button[label, action] represents a button that is labeled with label, and evaluates action whenever it is clicked.
- [ButtonEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonEvaluator.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ButtonEvaluator has been superseded by Evaluator.
- [ButtonExpandable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonExpandable.en.md): In Version 6.0, ButtonExpandable has been superseded by ImageSize -> Full.
- [ButtonFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonFrame.en.md): As of Version 6.0, the ButtonFrame option has been superseded by the Appearance option.
- [ButtonFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonFunction.en.md): ButtonFunction is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox that specifies the function to execute when the button is active and is clicked.
- [ButtonMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonMargins.en.md): In Version 6.0, ButtonMargins has been superseded by the FrameMargins option of Button.
- [ButtonMinHeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonMinHeight.en.md): ButtonMinHeight is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox that specifies the minimum total height in units of font size that should be allowed for the button.
- [ButtonNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonNotebook.en.md): ButtonNotebook[] gives the notebook, if any, that contains the button which initiated the current evaluation.
- [ButtonNote](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonNote.en.md): As of Version 6.0, the ButtonNote option has been superseded by the function StatusArea.
- [ButtonSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonSource.en.md): ButtonSource is an option for the low-level function ButtonBox that specifies the first argument to give to the ButtonFunction for the button when the button is active and is clicked.
- [ButtonStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonStyle.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ButtonStyle has been superseded by the more general option BaseStyle.
- [ByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteArray.en.md): ByteArray[{b1, b2, ...}] constructs a ByteArray object containing the byte values bi. ByteArray[string] constructs a ByteArray object by extracting byte values from a Base64-encoded string.
- [ByteArrayFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteArrayFormat.en.md): ByteArrayFormat[ba] attempts to determine what ImportByteArray format could be used to import the ByteArray object ba.
- [ByteArrayFormatQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteArrayFormatQ.en.md): ByteArrayFormatQ[ba,  fmt] gives True if the ByteArray object ba might be imported as format  fmt and gives False otherwise. ByteArrayFormatQ[ba, {SubscriptBox[fmt, 1], SubscriptBox[fmt, 2], ...}] gives True if ba might be imported as one of SubscriptBox[fmt, i].
- [ByteArrayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteArrayQ.en.md): ByteArrayQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid ByteArray object, and False otherwise.
- [ByteArrayToString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteArrayToString.en.md): ByteArrayToString[ba] returns a string by decoding the data in the byte array ba, assuming UTF-8 encoding. ByteArrayToString[ba,  encoding] interprets the data in the specified character encoding.
- [ByteCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteCount.en.md): ByteCount[expr] gives the number of bytes used internally by the Wolfram System to store expr.
- [Byte](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Byte.en.md): Byte represents a single byte of data in Read.
- [ByteOrdering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ByteOrdering.en.md): ByteOrdering is an option for BinaryRead, BinaryWrite, and related functions that specifies what ordering of bytes should be assumed for your computer system.
- [CachePersistence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CachePersistence.en.md): CachePersistence is an option for CloudObject and related cloud functions that specifies the time duration for which a response is cached by a client or on the server.
- [CalendarConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CalendarConvert.en.md): CalendarConvert[date, calendar] converts the date object date to the specified calendar type calendar. CalendarConvert[date] converts to the default calendar type. CalendarConvert[{date1, ..., daten}, calendar] converts date1 through daten to the specified calendar.
- [CalendarData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CalendarData.en.md): CalendarData[cal] gives the default parameters associated with the date calendar cal. CalendarData[country] gives available holiday calendars for the stock exchanges in the country entity. CalendarData[cal, param] gives the value of the specified parameter param for calendar cal.
- [CalendarType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CalendarType.en.md): CalendarType is an option that determines the calendar system in which all dates are to be interpreted and output.
- [CalibratedSystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CalibratedSystemModel.en.md): CalibratedSystemModel[...] represents the symbolic calibrated system model obtained from SystemModelCalibrate.
- [Callout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Callout.en.md): Callout[data, expr] displays expr in a plot as a callout pointing to data. Callout[data, expr, pos] displays a callout with expr at a position specified by pos. Callout[data, expr, pos, apos] displays a callout anchored at a position specified by apos.
- [CalloutMarker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CalloutMarker.en.md): CalloutMarker is an option for Callout that specifies what marker to draw at the end of the leader in a callout.
- [CalloutStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CalloutStyle.en.md): CalloutStyle is an option for Callout that specifies what style to use for callouts.
- [CallPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CallPacket.en.md): CallPacket[integer, list] is a WSTP packet encapsulating a request to invoke the external function numbered integer with the arguments contained in list.
- [CanberraDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanberraDistance.en.md): CanberraDistance[u, v] gives the Canberra distance between vectors u and v.
- [CancelButton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CancelButton.en.md): CancelButton[] represents a Cancel button in a dialog that closes the dialog window when clicked. CancelButton[action] represents a button labeled Cancel that evaluates action when clicked. CancelButton[label, action] uses label as the label for the button.
- [Cancel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cancel.en.md): Cancel[expr] cancels out common factors in the numerator and denominator of expr.
- [CandlestickChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CandlestickChart.en.md): CandlestickChart[{{date1, {open1, high1, low1, close1}}, ...}] makes a chart with candles representing open, high, low, and close prices for each date. CandlestickChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a candlestick chart for the financial entity  name over the date range daterange.
- [CanonicalGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalGraph.en.md): CanonicalGraph[g] gives a canonical form of the graph g. CanonicalGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph.
- [CanonicalizePolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalizePolygon.en.md): CanonicalizePolygon[poly] gives a canonical representation of the polygon poly with shared coordinates and with inner and outer boundaries. CanonicalizePolygon[poly,  filter] gives a canonical representation of poly with the specified filter.
- [CanonicalizePolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalizePolyhedron.en.md): CanonicalizePolyhedron[poly] gives a canonical representation of the polyhedron poly with shared coordinates and with inner and outer boundaries.
- [CanonicalizeRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalizeRegion.en.md): CanonicalizeRegion[reg] gives a canonical representation of the region reg.
- [CanonicalName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalName.en.md): CanonicalName[entity] gives the canonical name for the entity specified by entity. CanonicalName[{entity1, ..., entityn}] gives the canonical name for entity1 through entityn.
- [CanonicalWarpingCorrespondence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalWarpingCorrespondence.en.md): CanonicalWarpingCorrespondence[s1, s2] gives the canonical time warping (CTW) correspondence between sequences s1 and s2. CanonicalWarpingCorrespondence[s1, s2, warp] uses warp as initial warping correspondence. CanonicalWarpingCorrespondence[s1, s2, warp, win] uses a window win for local search.
- [CanonicalWarpingDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CanonicalWarpingDistance.en.md): CanonicalWarpingDistance[s1, s2] gives the canonical time warping (CTW) distance between sequences s1 and s2. CanonicalWarpingDistance[s1, s2, init] uses init as the initial correspondence between the two sequences. CanonicalWarpingDistance[s1, s2, init, win] uses a window win for local search.
- [CantorMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CantorMesh.en.md): CantorMesh[n] gives a mesh region representing the n^th-step Cantor set. CantorMesh[n, d] gives the n^th-step Cantor set in dimension d.
- [CantorStaircase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CantorStaircase.en.md): CantorStaircase[x] gives the Cantor staircase function FC (x).
- [Canvas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Canvas.en.md): Canvas[] represents an empty canvas in the current notebook in which you can do free-form drawing. Canvas[graphic] represents a canvas that initially contains the specified 2D graphic.
- [Cap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cap.en.md): Cap[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Cap]y\\[Cap]....
- [CapForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CapForm.en.md): CapForm[type] is a graphics primitive that specifies what type of caps should be used at the ends of lines, tubes, and related primitives.
- [CapitalDifferentialD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CapitalDifferentialD.en.md): CapitalDifferentialD[x] displays as \\[CapitalDifferentialD]x.
- [Capitalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Capitalize.en.md): Capitalize[string] yields a string in which the first character has been made uppercase. Capitalize[string, scheme] gives a string capitalized using the specified capitalization scheme.
- [CapsuleShape](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CapsuleShape.en.md): CapsuleShape[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}}, r] represents the filled capsule between points {xi, yi, zi} and radius r.
- [CaptureRunning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CaptureRunning.en.md): CaptureRunning is an option for signal acquisition functions that specifies whether to immediately start the capture.
- [CaputoD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CaputoD.en.md): CaputoD[f, {x, \\[Alpha]}] gives the Caputo fractional differintegral \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]^C \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]0 D_x^\\[Alpha] f(x) of the function f (x).
- [CarlemanLinearize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlemanLinearize.en.md): CarlemanLinearize[sys, spec] Carleman linearizes the nonlinear state-space model sys according to spec.
- [CarlsonRC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRC.en.md): CarlsonRC[x, y] gives the Carlson's elliptic integral x.
- [CarlsonRD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRD.en.md): CarlsonRD[x, y, z] gives the Carlson's elliptic integral CarlsonRD[x,y,z].
- [CarlsonRE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRE.en.md): CarlsonRE[x, y] gives the Carlson's elliptic integral x.
- [CarlsonRF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRF.en.md): CarlsonRF[x, y, z] gives the Carlson's elliptic integral CarlsonRF[x,y,z].
- [CarlsonRG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRG.en.md): CarlsonRG[x, y, z] gives the Carlson's elliptic integral CarlsonRG[x,y,z].
- [CarlsonRJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRJ.en.md): CarlsonRJ[x, y, z, \\[Rho]] gives Carlson's elliptic integral CarlsonRJ[x,y,z,\\[Rho]].
- [CarlsonRK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRK.en.md): CarlsonRK[x, y] gives the Carlson's elliptic integral x.
- [CarlsonRM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarlsonRM.en.md): CarlsonRM[x, y, \\[Rho]] gives Carlson's elliptic integral CarlsonRM[x,y,\\[Rho]].
- [CarmichaelLambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CarmichaelLambda.en.md): CarmichaelLambda[n] gives the Carmichael function \\[Lambda] (n).
- [CaseOrdering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CaseOrdering.en.md): CaseOrdering is an option for AlphabeticSort and related functions that specifies how upper versus lower case should be sorted.
- [Cases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cases.en.md): Cases[{e1, e2, ...}, pattern] gives a list of the ei that match the pattern. Cases[{e1, ...}, pattern -> rhs] gives a list of the values of rhs corresponding to the ei that match the pattern. Cases[expr, pattern, levelspec] gives a list of all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec that match the pattern. Cases[expr, pattern -> rhs, levelspec] gives the values of rhs that match the pattern. Cases[expr, pattern, levelspec, n] gives the first n parts in expr that match the pattern. ...
- [CaseSensitive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CaseSensitive.en.md): CaseSensitive[patt] represents a string pattern that requires matching typographical case, even with the overall option setting IgnoreCase -> True.
- [Cashflow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cashflow.en.md): Cashflow[{c0, c1, ..., cn}] represents a series of cash flows occurring at unit time intervals. Cashflow[{c0, c1, ..., cn}, q] represents cash flows occurring at time intervals q. Cashflow[{{time1, c1}, {time2, c2}, ...}] represents cash flows occurring at the specified times.
- [Casoratian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Casoratian.en.md): Casoratian[{y1, y2, ...}, n] gives the Casoratian determinant for the sequences y1, y2, ... depending on n. Casoratian[eqn, y, n] gives the Casoratian determinant for the basis of the solutions of the linear difference equation eqn involving y[n + m]. Casoratian[eqns, {y1, y2, ...}, n] gives the Casoratian determinant for the system of linear difference equations eqns.
- [CastColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CastColumns.en.md): CastColumns[tab, {col1 -> type1, ...}] changes the type of coli to typei in the Tabular object tab.
- [Cast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cast.en.md): Cast[val, type] converts val to the type type, for use in compiled code. Cast[val, type, method] converts val to the type type using the specified casting method.
- [Catalan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Catalan.en.md): Catalan is Catalan's constant, with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 0.915966.
- [CatalanNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CatalanNumber.en.md): CatalanNumber[n] gives the n^th Catalan number CatalanNumber[n].
- [Catch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Catch.en.md): Catch[expr] returns the argument of the first Throw generated in the evaluation of expr. Catch[expr, form] returns value from the first Throw[value, tag] for which form matches tag. Catch[expr, form, f] returns f[value, tag].
- [CatchExceptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CatchExceptions.en.md): CatchExceptions[expr, spec] catches and transforms some or all exceptions possibly thrown by expr, according to spec. CatchExceptions[spec] represents an operator form of CatchExceptions.
- [CategoricalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CategoricalDistribution.en.md): CategoricalDistribution[{c1, c2, ...}] represents a uniform categorical distribution over classes c1, c2, etc. CategoricalDistribution[{c1, c2, ...}, {w1, w2, ...}] represents a categorical distribution over classes ci with weights wi. CategoricalDistribution[{{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, ...}] represents a uniform multivariate categorical distribution over domain {a1, a2, ...}*{b1, b2, ...}*.... CategoricalDistribution[domain, weights] uses the array weights to define probabilities over each ...
- [CategoricalHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CategoricalHistogram.en.md): CategoricalHistogram[{c1, c2, ..., cn}] creates a histogram of the distinct categories in the list of categorical elements c1, c2, etc. CategoricalHistogram[data, spec] uses the specification spec to determine the categories. CategoricalHistogram[data, spec, height] uses the height value height to compare the bars. CategoricalHistogram[{data1, data2, ...}, ...] plots histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [CategoricalValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CategoricalValue.en.md): CategoricalValue[cat] gives the underlying expression associated with a categorical object cat. CategoricalValue[scale] gives the expressions associated to the categories of the given categorical scale. CategoricalValue[obj, prop] gives the specified property prop for categories or categorical scales.
- [Catenate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Catenate.en.md): Catenate[{list1, list2, ...}] yields a single list with all elements from the listi in order. Catenate[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}] yields a list of all values in order appearing in the associations associ.
- [CatenateLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CatenateLayer.en.md): CatenateLayer[] represents a net layer that takes a list of input arrays and catenates them. CatenateLayer[n] represents a net layer that takes a list of input arrays and catenates them at level n.
- [CauchyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CauchyDistribution.en.md): CauchyDistribution[a, b] represents a Cauchy distribution with location parameter a and scale parameter b. CauchyDistribution[] represents a Cauchy distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [CauchyMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CauchyMatrix.en.md): CauchyMatrix[x, y] represents the Cauchy matrix given by the generating vectors x and y as a structured array. CauchyMatrix[x] is equivalent to CauchyMatrix[x, x]. CauchyMatrix[cmat] converts a Cauchy matrix cmat to a structured array.
- [CauchyPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CauchyPointProcess.en.md): CauchyPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], b, d] represents a Cauchy cluster point process with density \\[Mu], cluster mean \\[Lambda] and scale parameter b in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [CauchyWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CauchyWindow.en.md): CauchyWindow[x] represents a Cauchy window function of x. CauchyWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [CayleyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CayleyGraph.en.md): CayleyGraph[group] returns a Cayley graph representation of group.
- [CDFDeploy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CDFDeploy.en.md): CDFDeploy[file.cdf, expr] deploys expr in a form that can be played by Wolfram Player. CDFDeploy[file.cdf, notebook] deploys a notebook. CDFDeploy[file.cdf, NotebookSelection[notebook]] deploys the current selection in notebook. CDFDeploy[outfile.cdf,  infile.nb] deploys the notebook  infile.nb.
- [CDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CDF.en.md): CDF[dist, x] gives the cumulative distribution function for the distribution dist evaluated at x. CDF[dist, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the multivariate cumulative distribution function for the distribution dist evaluated at {x1, x2, ...}. CDF[dist] gives the CDF as a pure function.
- [CDFInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CDFInformation.en.md): As of Version 11.3, CDFInformation is no longer supported.
- [CDFWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CDFWavelet.en.md): CDFWavelet[] represents a Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau wavelet of type 9/7. CDFWavelet[type] represents a Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau wavelet of type  type.
- [Ceiling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ceiling.en.md): Ceiling[x] gives the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Ceiling[x, a] gives the smallest multiple of a greater than or equal to x.
- [CelestialSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CelestialSystem.en.md): CelestialSystem is an option for SunPosition, MoonPosition, and related functions that specifies the coordinate system to use for the results.
- [CellArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellArray.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), CellArray has been superseded by Raster and RasterArray.
- [CellAutoOverwrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellAutoOverwrite.en.md): CellAutoOverwrite is an option for Cell which specifies whether an output cell should be overwritten by new output when the preceding input cell is evaluated.
- [CellBaseline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellBaseline.en.md): CellBaseline is an option for Cell which specifies where the baseline of the cell should be assumed to be when it appears inside another cell.
- [CellBracketOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellBracketOptions.en.md): CellBracketOptions is an option for cells that specifies settings for cell brackets.
- [CellChangeTimes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellChangeTimes.en.md): CellChangeTimes is an option to Cell that specifies when changes were made to the cell.
- [CellContext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellContext.en.md): CellContext is an option for Cell which specifies the context to use for the evaluation of the contents of the cell.
- [CellDingbat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellDingbat.en.md): CellDingbat is an option for Cell which specifies what dingbat to use to emphasize a cell.
- [CellDingbatMargin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellDingbatMargin.en.md): CellDingbatMargin is an option for Cell that specifies the absolute margin in printer's points between the dingbat and the left cell frame.
- [CellDynamicExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellDynamicExpression.en.md): CellDynamicExpression is an option for cells that specifies an expression to be dynamically updated whenever the cell is visible on screen.
- [CellEditDuplicate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellEditDuplicate.en.md): CellEditDuplicate is an option for Cell which specifies whether the front end should make a copy of the cell before actually applying any changes in its contents that you request.
- [Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cell.en.md): Cell[contents] is the low-level representation of a cell inside a Wolfram System notebook. Cell[contents,  style] represents a cell in the specified style. Cell[contents, SubscriptBox[style, 1], SubscriptBox[style, 2], ...] represents a cell with multiple styles applied to it.
- [CellEpilog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellEpilog.en.md): CellEpilog is an option for Cell which gives an expression to evaluate after each ordinary evaluation of the contents of the cell.
- [CellEvaluationDuplicate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellEvaluationDuplicate.en.md): CellEvaluationDuplicate is an option for Cell which specifies whether the front end should make a copy of the cell before performing any evaluation of its contents that you request.
- [CellEvaluationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellEvaluationFunction.en.md): CellEvaluationFunction is an option for Cell that gives a function to be applied to every expression from the cell that is sent to the kernel for ordinary evaluation.
- [CellEventActions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellEventActions.en.md): CellEventActions is an option for Cell that gives a list of actions to perform when specified events occur in connection with a cell in a notebook.
- [CellFrameColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellFrameColor.en.md): CellFrameColor is an option that specifies the color of the frame around a cell.
- [CellFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellFrame.en.md): CellFrame is an option for Cell that specifies whether a frame should be drawn around a cell.
- [CellFrameLabelMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellFrameLabelMargins.en.md): CellFrameLabelMargins is an option for cells that specifies the absolute margins in printer's points between a cell's frame and the labels around the frame.
- [CellFrameLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellFrameLabels.en.md): CellFrameLabels is an option that specifies the labels associated with the frame around a cell.
- [CellFrameMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellFrameMargins.en.md): CellFrameMargins is an option for Cell that specifies the absolute margins in printer's points to leave inside a frame that is drawn around a cell.
- [CellFrameRoundingRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellFrameRoundingRadius.en.md): CellFrameRoundingRadius is an option for Cell that specifies the radius of the circle to use in rendering the corners of CellFrame.
- [CellGroupData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellGroupData.en.md): CellGroupData[{cell1, cell2, ...}] is a low-level construct that represents an open group of cells in a notebook. CellGroupData[{cell1, cell2, ...}, status] represents a cell group that is open or closed according to the value of status. CellGroupData[{cell1, cell2, ...}, {i1, i2, ...}] represents a cell group with cells at positions i1, i2, ... open.
- [CellGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellGroup.en.md): CellGroup[{cell1, cell2, ...}] gives an open group of cells that can appear in a Wolfram System notebook. CellGroup[{cell1, cell2, ...}, 1] gives a cell group in which only the first cell is open. CellGroup[{cell1, cell2, ...}, -1] gives a cell group in which only the last cell is open. CellGroup[{cell1, cell2, ...}, {i1, i2, ...}] gives a cell group in which cells i1, i2, ... are open.
- [CellGrouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellGrouping.en.md): CellGrouping is a notebook option that specifies how cells in the notebook should be assembled into groups.
- [CellGroupingRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellGroupingRules.en.md): CellGroupingRules is an option for cells that specifies the rules used for grouping cells together.
- [CellHorizontalScrolling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellHorizontalScrolling.en.md): CellHorizontalScrolling is an option for cells that specifies whether the contents of a cell can be scrolled from left to right using the horizontal scroll bar of the notebook.
- [CellID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellID.en.md): CellID is an option for Cell that specifies a unique ID number for a cell.
- [CellLabelAutoDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellLabelAutoDelete.en.md): CellLabelAutoDelete is an option for Cell which specifies whether a label for the cell should be automatically deleted if the contents of the cell are modified or the notebook containing the cell is saved in a file.
- [CellLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellLabel.en.md): CellLabel is an option for Cell which gives the label to use for a particular cell.
- [CellLabelMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellLabelMargins.en.md): CellLabelMargins is an option for cells that specifies the absolute margins in printer's points around a cell label.
- [CellLabelPositioning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellLabelPositioning.en.md): CellLabelPositioning is an option for cells that specifies where the label for a cell is positioned.
- [CellLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellLabelStyle.en.md): CellLabelStyle is an option for Cell that specifies the style to use in displaying cell labels marking inputs and outputs.
- [CellLabelTemplate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellLabelTemplate.en.md): CellLabelTemplate is an option for Cell that specifies string templates to use for formatting the default labels used for marking inputs and outputs
- [CellMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellMargins.en.md): CellMargins is an option for Cell that specifies the absolute margins in printer's points to leave around a cell.
- [CellObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellObject.en.md): CellObject[id] is an object that represents a cell in an open notebook in the front end.
- [CellOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellOpen.en.md): CellOpen is an option for Cell that specifies whether the contents of a cell should be explicitly displayed.
- [CellPrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellPrint.en.md): CellPrint[expr] inserts expr as a complete cell in the current notebook just below the cell being evaluated. CellPrint[{expr1, expr2, ...}] inserts a sequence of cells.
- [CellProlog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellProlog.en.md): CellProlog is an option to Cell that gives an expression to evaluate before each ordinary evaluation of the contents of the cell.
- [Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cells.en.md): Cells[] returns a list of CellObject expressions corresponding to cells in the current notebook. Cells[obj] returns the list of CellObject expressions in obj. Cells[NotebookSelection[notebook]] returns the list of CellObject expressions for currently selected cells.
- [CellSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellSize.en.md): CellSize is an option for cells that specifies the width and height of an inline cell.
- [CellStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellStyle.en.md): CellStyle is a setting for functions such as NotebookFind and Cells that specifies the name of a cell style to search for in a notebook.
- [CellStyleImportRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellStyleImportRules.en.md): CellStyleImportRules is an option for NotebookImport specifying how to import cells with given cell style names.
- [CellTags](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellTags.en.md): CellTags is an option for Cell that gives a list of tags to associate with a cell.
- [CellularAutomaton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CellularAutomaton.en.md): CellularAutomaton[rule, init, t] generates a list representing the evolution of the cellular automaton with the specified rule from initial condition init for t steps. CellularAutomaton[rule, init] gives the result of evolving init for one step. CellularAutomaton[rule, init, {tspec, xspec, ...}] gives only those parts of the evolution specified by tspec, xspec, etc. CellularAutomaton[rule, init, {t, All, ...}] includes at each step all cells that could be affected over the course of t steps. ...
- [C](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/C.en.md): C[i] is the default form for the i^th parameter or constant generated in representing the results of various symbolic computations.
- [CensoredDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CensoredDistribution.en.md): CensoredDistribution[{xmin, xmax}, dist] represents the distribution of values that come from dist and are censored to be between xmin and xmax. CensoredDistribution[{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}, dist] represents the distribution of values that come from the multivariate distribution dist and are censored to be between xmin and xmax, ymin and ymax, etc.
- [Censoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Censoring.en.md): Censoring[t, c] represents a censored event time t with censoring c. Censoring[{t1, t2, ...}, c] represents a vector of censored event times ti with censoring c. Censoring[{t1, t2, ...}, {c1, c2, ...}] represents a vector of event times ti with corresponding censoring ci.
- [CenterArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CenterArray.en.md): CenterArray[a, n] creates a list of length n with the elements of a at the center and zeros elsewhere. CenterArray[a, {n1, n2, ...}] creates an n1*n2*... array with the array a at the center and zeros elsewhere. CenterArray[a, nspec, pad] uses pad instead of zero for the background. CenterArray[nspec] creates an array with a single 1 at the center and zeros elsewhere.
- [CenterDot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CenterDot.en.md): CenterDot[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[CenterDot]y\\[CenterDot]....
- [CenteredInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CenteredInterval.en.md): CenteredInterval[x, dx] for real numbers x and dx gives a centered interval that contains the real interval {a \\[Element] Reals | x - dx <= a <= x + dx}. CenteredInterval[x + I y, dx + I dy] gives a centered interval that contains the complex rectangle {a + I b \\[Element] Complexes | x - dx <= a <= x + dx \\[And] y - dy <= b <= y + dy}. CenteredInterval[c] for an approximate number c gives a centered interval that contains all values within the error bounds of c.
- [Center](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Center.en.md): Center is a symbol that represents the center for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [CentralFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CentralFeature.en.md): CentralFeature[{x1, x2, ...}] gives the central feature of the elements xi. CentralFeature[{x1 -> v1, x2 -> v2, ...}] gives the vi corresponding to the central feature xi. CentralFeature[data] gives the central feature for several different forms of data.
- [CentralMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CentralMoment.en.md): CentralMoment[data, r] gives the order r central moment OverscriptBox[\\[Mu], ~] r of data. CentralMoment[data, {r1, ..., rm}] gives the order {r1, ..., rm} multivariate central moment OverscriptBox[\\[Mu], ~] Subscript[r, 1], ..., \\ Subscript[r, m] of data. CentralMoment[dist, ...] gives the central moment of the distribution dist. CentralMoment[r] represents the order r formal central moment.
- [CentralMomentGeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CentralMomentGeneratingFunction.en.md): CentralMomentGeneratingFunction[dist, t] gives the central moment-generating function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable t. CentralMomentGeneratingFunction[dist, {t1, t2, ...}] gives the central moment-generating function for the multivariate distribution dist as a function of the variables t1, t2, ....
- [CepstrogramArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CepstrogramArray.en.md): CepstrogramArray[data] computes an array of cepstra on data. CepstrogramArray[data, n] uses partitions of length n. CepstrogramArray[data, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. CepstrogramArray[data, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. CepstrogramArray[data, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform.
- [Cepstrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cepstrogram.en.md): Cepstrogram[data] plots the array of power cepstra computed on each partition of data. Cepstrogram[data, n] uses partitions of length n. Cepstrogram[data, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. Cepstrogram[data, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. Cepstrogram[data, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform.
- [CepstrumArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CepstrumArray.en.md): CepstrumArray[data] computes the power cepstrum of data. CepstrumArray[data, type] computes the specified type of cepstrum of data.
- [CForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CForm.en.md): CForm[expr] prints as a C language version of expr.
- [ChampernowneNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChampernowneNumber.en.md): ChampernowneNumber[b] gives the base-b Champernowne number Cb. ChampernowneNumber[] gives the base-10 Champernowne number.
- [ChannelBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelBase.en.md): ChannelBase is an option specifying the base URL of the server to use for brokering channel communications.
- [ChannelBrokerAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelBrokerAction.en.md): ChannelBrokerAction is an option specifying the action to execute on the channel broker server in addition to routing a message.
- [ChannelHistoryLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelHistoryLength.en.md): ChannelHistoryLength is an option to ChannelListen that specifies the maximum number of messages to cache in the channel listener object.
- [ChannelListen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelListen.en.md): ChannelListen[channel] starts listening on the specified channel. ChannelListen[channel, func] applies func to the association corresponding to each message received on the channel. ChannelListen[channel, None] stores each message received on the channel, without applying any function. ChannelListen[url] listens on the specified URL, storing messages received, without requiring an explicit channel to exist on the channel broker.
- [ChannelListener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelListener.en.md): ChannelListener[...] represents a channel listener created by ChannelListen.
- [ChannelListeners](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelListeners.en.md): ChannelListeners[] gives a list of currently active channel listeners.
- [ChannelObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelObject.en.md): ChannelObject[] gives a new anonymous channel specification. ChannelObject[StyleBox[RowBox[{ RowBox[{\mqtts\, \:\}], \//\, \...\}], \TI\]] represents a channel for the currently authenticated user at a relative path. ChannelObject[relpath] represents a channel for the currently authenticated user at a relative path. ChannelObject[id: path] represents a channel for the user with the specified Wolfram ID at the given path. ChannelObject[/ abspath] represents a channel at an absolute path on the ...
- [ChannelReceiverFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelReceiverFunction.en.md): ChannelReceiverFunction[fun] represents a channel receiver function that applies fun to any channel message it receives.
- [ChannelSend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelSend.en.md): ChannelSend[channel, msg] sends the specified message msg to the specified channel.
- [ChannelSubscribers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChannelSubscribers.en.md): ChannelSubscribers[channel] gives a list of users currently subscribed to the specified channel. ChannelSubscribers[{channel1, channel2, ...}] gives a list of subscribed users for each of the channels channeli.
- [ChanVeseBinarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChanVeseBinarize.en.md): ChanVeseBinarize[image] finds a two-level segmentation of image by computing optimal contours around regions of consistent intensity in image. ChanVeseBinarize[image, marker] uses marker to create an initial contour. ChanVeseBinarize[image, marker, {\\[Mu], \\[Nu], \\[Lambda]1, \\[Lambda]2}] specify the Chan-Vese weights \\[Mu], \\[Nu], \\[Lambda]1, and \\[Lambda]2.
- [CharacterCounts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacterCounts.en.md): CharacterCounts[string] gives an association whose keys are the distinct characters in string, and whose values give the number of times those characters appear in string. CharacterCounts[string, n] gives counts of the distinct n-grams consisting of runs of n characters in string. CharacterCounts[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, ...] gives the counts for each of the stringi.
- [CharacterEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacterEncoding.en.md): CharacterEncoding is an option for input and output functions which specifies what raw character encoding should be used.
- [CharacterEncodingsPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacterEncodingsPath.en.md): CharacterEncodingsPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for character encoding files.
- [Character](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Character.en.md): Character represents a single character in Read.
- [CharacteristicFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacteristicFunction.en.md): CharacteristicFunction[dist, t] gives the characteristic function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable t. CharacteristicFunction[dist, {t1, t2, ...}] gives the characteristic function for the multivariate distribution dist as a function of the variables t1, t2, ....
- [CharacteristicPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacteristicPolynomial.en.md): CharacteristicPolynomial[m, x] gives the characteristic polynomial for the matrix m. CharacteristicPolynomial[{m, a}, x] gives the generalized characteristic polynomial with respect to a.
- [CharacterName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacterName.en.md): CharacterName[c] gives the name of the character c. CharacterName[n] gives the name of the character with character code n. CharacterName[c,  type] gives a name of the specified type.
- [CharacterNormalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacterNormalize.en.md): CharacterNormalize[text, form] converts the characters in text to the specified normalization form.
- [CharacterRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CharacterRange.en.md): CharacterRange[SubscriptBox[c, 1], SubscriptBox[c, 2]] yields a list of the characters in the range from SubscriptBox[c, 1] to SubscriptBox[c, 2]. CharacterRange[n1, n2] yields a list of the characters with character codes in the range n1 to n2 .
- [Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Characters.en.md): Characters[string] gives a list of the characters in a string.
- [ChartBaseStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartBaseStyle.en.md): ChartBaseStyle is an option for charting functions that specifies the base style for all chart elements.
- [ChartElementFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartElementFunction.en.md): ChartElementFunction is an option for charting functions such as BarChart that gives a function to use to generate the primitives for rendering each chart element.
- [ChartElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartElements.en.md): ChartElements is an option to charting functions such as BarChart that specifies the graphics to use as the basis for bars or other chart elements.
- [ChartLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLabels.en.md): ChartLabels is an option for charting functions that specifies what labels should be used for chart elements.
- [ChartLayout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLayout.en.md): ChartLayout is an option to charting functions that specifies the overall layout to use.
- [ChartLegends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLegends.en.md): ChartLegends is an option for charting functions that specifies what legends should be used for chart elements.
- [ChartStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartStyle.en.md): ChartStyle is an option for charting functions that specifies styles in which chart elements should be drawn.
- [ChatEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChatEvaluate.en.md): ChatEvaluate[chat, prompt] appends prompt and its follow-up to the ChatObject chat. ChatEvaluate[prompt] represents an operator form of ChatEvaluate that can be applied to a ChatObject.
- [ChatObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChatObject.en.md): ChatObject[] represents an ongoing conversation with a remote service. ChatObject[init] creates a new chat using the initialization init. ChatObject[...][prop] extracts the property prop from the object.
- [ChatSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChatSubmit.en.md): ChatSubmit[chat, prompt] submits prompt to be appended with its follow-ups to the ChatObject chat asynchronously.
- [Chebyshev1FilterModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Chebyshev1FilterModel.en.md): Chebyshev1FilterModel[n] creates a lowpass Chebyshev type 1 filter of order n. Chebyshev1FilterModel[{n, \\[Omega]c}] uses the cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c. Chebyshev1FilterModel[{ type, spec}] creates a filter of a given  type using the specified parameters spec. Chebyshev1FilterModel[{ type, spec}, var] expresses the model in terms of the variable var.
- [Chebyshev2FilterModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Chebyshev2FilterModel.en.md): Chebyshev2FilterModel[n] creates a lowpass Chebyshev type 2 filter of order n. Chebyshev2FilterModel[{n, \\[Omega]c}] uses the cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c. Chebyshev2FilterModel[{ type, spec}] uses the full filter specification { type, spec}. Chebyshev2FilterModel[{ type, spec}, var] expresses the model in terms of the variable var.
- [ChebyshevDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChebyshevDistance.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ChebyshevDistance is superseded by ChessboardDistance.
- [ChebyshevT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChebyshevT.en.md): ChebyshevT[n, x] gives the Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind n.
- [ChebyshevU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChebyshevU.en.md): ChebyshevU[n, x] gives the Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind n.
- [CheckAbort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CheckAbort.en.md): CheckAbort[expr, failexpr] evaluates expr, returning failexpr if an abort occurs.
- [CheckArguments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CheckArguments.en.md): CheckArguments[f[args], n] gives True if args consists of exactly n positional arguments followed by valid options for f, and False otherwise. CheckArguments[f[args], {min, max}] requires the number of positional arguments to be between min and max. CheckArguments[f[args], spec, assoc] modifies the behavior based on the information in the association assoc.
- [CheckboxBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CheckboxBar.en.md): CheckboxBar[x, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a checkbox bar with setting x and with checkboxes for values vali to include in the list x. CheckboxBar[Dynamic[x], {val1, val2, ...}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the values in the list x being reset every time a checkbox is clicked. CheckboxBar[x, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] represents a checkbox bar in which the checkbox associated with value vali has label lbli.
- [Checkbox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Checkbox.en.md): Checkbox[x] represents a checkbox with setting x, displayed as ... when x is True and ... when x is False. Checkbox[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being toggled if the checkbox is clicked. Checkbox[x, {val1, val2}] represents a checkbox that toggles between values val1 and val2 and displays as ... and ..., respectively. Checkbox[x, {val1, val2, val3, ...}] represents a checkbox that cycles through values vali and displays as ...
- [Check](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Check.en.md): Check[expr, failexpr] evaluates expr, and returns the result, unless messages were generated, in which case it evaluates and returns failexpr. Check[expr, failexpr, {s1::t1, s2::t2, ...}] checks only for the specified messages. Check[expr, failexpr,  name] checks only for messages in the named message group.
- [ChemicalConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalConvert.en.md): ChemicalConvert[cheminst, targetunit] converts the quantity in the specified instance cheminst to targetunit. ChemicalConvert[cheminst] converts to SI base units.
- [ChemicalData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalData.en.md): ChemicalData[name,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the chemical  name. ChemicalData[name] gives a structure diagram for the chemical with the specified name. ChemicalData[class] gives a list of available chemicals in the specified class.
- [ChemicalFormula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalFormula.en.md): ChemicalFormula[<|elem1 -> n1, elem2 -> n2, ...|>] represents a chemical species with ni atoms of the element elemi. ChemicalFormula[chem] returns the chemical formula corresponding to the given input. ChemicalFormula[..., <|qual1 -> val1, qual2 -> val2, ...|>] represents a species whose qualifiers quali have values vali.
- [ChemicalFormulaQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalFormulaQ.en.md): ChemicalFormulaQ[formula] returns True if formula is a valid ChemicalFormula object and False otherwise.
- [ChemicalInstance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalInstance.en.md): ChemicalInstance[chemical, <|qual1 -> val1, qual2 -> val2, \\[TripleDot]|>] represents a chemical whose qualifiers quali have values of vali. ChemicalInstance[chemical, quantity] represents a chemical quantified by quantity.
- [ChemicalReaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalReaction.en.md): ChemicalReaction[reactants -> products] represents a chemical reaction between the given reactants and products.
- [ChemicalReactionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalReactionQ.en.md): ChemicalReactionQ[rxn] returns True if rxn is a valid ChemicalReaction object and False otherwise.
- [ChessboardDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChessboardDistance.en.md): ChessboardDistance[u, v] gives the chessboard, Chebyshev, or sup norm distance between vectors u and v.
- [ChiDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChiDistribution.en.md): ChiDistribution[\\[Nu]] represents a \\[Chi] distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom.
- [ChineseRemainder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChineseRemainder.en.md): ChineseRemainder[{r1, r2, ...}, {m1, m2, ...}] gives the smallest x with x >= 0 that satisfies all the integer congruences x mod mi == ri mod mi. ChineseRemainder[{r1, r2, ...}, {m1, m2, ...}, d] gives the smallest x with x >= d that satisfies all the integer congruences x mod mi == ri mod mi.
- [ChiSquareDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChiSquareDistribution.en.md): ChiSquareDistribution[\\[Nu]] represents a \\[Chi]^2 distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom.
- [ChoiceButtons](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChoiceButtons.en.md): ChoiceButtons[] represents a pair of OK and Cancel buttons that close a dialog. ChoiceButtons[{actok, actcancel}] represents OK and Cancel buttons that evaluate the corresponding acti when clicked. ChoiceButtons[{lblok, lblcancel}, {actok, actcancel}] uses the lbli to label the buttons.
- [ChoiceDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChoiceDialog.en.md): ChoiceDialog[expr] puts up a standard choice dialog that displays expr together with OK and Cancel buttons, and returns True if OK is clicked and False if Cancel is clicked. ChoiceDialog[expr, {lbl1 -> val1, lbl2 -> val2, ...}] includes buttons with labels lbli, and returns the corresponding vali for the button clicked.
- [CholeskyDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CholeskyDecomposition.en.md): CholeskyDecomposition[m] gives the Cholesky decomposition of a matrix m.
- [Chop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Chop.en.md): Chop[expr] replaces approximate real numbers in expr that are close to zero by the exact integer 0. Chop[expr, delta] replaces numbers smaller in absolute magnitude than delta by 0.
- [ChromaticityPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChromaticityPlot3D.en.md): ChromaticityPlot3D[colspace] returns a 3D gamut of the color space colspace. ChromaticityPlot3D[color] plots the specific color. ChromaticityPlot3D[image] plots the pixels of image as individual colors. ChromaticityPlot3D[{input1, input2, ...}] plots multiple colors, color spaces and images. ChromaticityPlot3D[..., refcolspace] uses the reference color space refcolspace.
- [ChromaticityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChromaticityPlot.en.md): ChromaticityPlot[colspace] plots a 2D slice of the color space colspace. ChromaticityPlot[color] plots the specific color. ChromaticityPlot[{col1, col2, ...}] plots multiple colors and color spaces. ChromaticityPlot[image] plots the pixels of image as individual colors. ChromaticityPlot[..., refcolspace] uses the reference color space refcolspace.
- [ChromaticPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChromaticPolynomial.en.md): ChromaticPolynomial[g, k] gives the chromatic polynomial of the graph g. ChromaticPolynomial[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [CircleDot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircleDot.en.md): CircleDot[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[CircleDot]y\\[CircleDot]....
- [Circle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Circle.en.md): Circle[{x, y}, r] represents a circle of radius r centered at {x, y}. Circle[{x, y}] gives a circle of radius 1. Circle[{x, y}, {rx, ry}] gives an axis-aligned ellipse with semiaxes lengths rx and ry. Circle[{x, y}, ..., {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2}] gives a circular or ellipse arc from angle \\[Theta]1 to \\[Theta]2.
- [CircleMinus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircleMinus.en.md): CircleMinus[x, y] displays as x\\[CircleMinus]y.
- [CirclePlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CirclePlus.en.md): CirclePlus[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[CirclePlus]y\\[CirclePlus]....
- [CirclePoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CirclePoints.en.md): CirclePoints[n] gives the positions of n points equally spaced around the unit circle. CirclePoints[r, n] gives the positions of n points equally spaced around a circle of radius r. CirclePoints[{r, \\[Theta]1}, n] starts at angle \\[Theta]1 with respect to the x axis. CirclePoints[{x, y}, rspec, n] centers the circle at {x, y}.
- [CircleThrough](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircleThrough.en.md): CircleThrough[{p1, p2, ...}] represents a circle passing through the points pi. CircleThrough[{p1, p2, ...}, q] represents a circle with center q. CircleThrough[{p1, p2, ...}, q, r] represents a circle with radius r.
- [CircleTimes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircleTimes.en.md): CircleTimes[x] displays as \\[CircleTimes]x. CircleTimes[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[CircleTimes]y\\[CircleTimes]....
- [CirculantGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CirculantGraph.en.md): CirculantGraph[n, j] gives the circulant graph Cn(j) with n vertices and jump j. CirculantGraph[n, {j1, j2, ...}] gives the circulant graph Cn(j1, j2, ...) with n vertices and jumps j1, j2, ....
- [CircularArcThrough](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircularArcThrough.en.md): CircularArcThrough[{p1, p2, ...}] represents a circular arc passing through the points pi. CircularArcThrough[{p1, p2, ...}, q] represents a circular arc with center q. CircularArcThrough[{p1, p2, ...}, q, r] represents a circular arc with radius r.
- [CircularOrthogonalMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircularOrthogonalMatrixDistribution.en.md): CircularOrthogonalMatrixDistribution[n] represents a circular orthogonal matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {n, n}.
- [CircularQuaternionMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircularQuaternionMatrixDistribution.en.md): CircularQuaternionMatrixDistribution[n] represents a circular quaternion matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {2 n, 2 n} over the field of complex numbers.
- [CircularRealMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircularRealMatrixDistribution.en.md): CircularRealMatrixDistribution[n] represents a circular real matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {n, n}.
- [CircularSymplecticMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircularSymplecticMatrixDistribution.en.md): CircularSymplecticMatrixDistribution[n] represents a circular symplectic matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {2 n, 2 n} over the field of complex numbers.
- [CircularUnitaryMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircularUnitaryMatrixDistribution.en.md): CircularUnitaryMatrixDistribution[n] represents a circular unitary matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {n, n}.
- [CircumscribedBall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CircumscribedBall.en.md): CircumscribedBall[{p1, p2, ...}] gives a ball with minimal radius that encloses the points p1, p2, ....
- [Circumsphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Circumsphere.en.md): Circumsphere[{p1, ..., p n +1}] gives the sphere that circumscribes the points pi in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n. Circumsphere[poly] gives the circumsphere of a polyhedron or polygon poly.
- [CityData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CityData.en.md): CityData[name,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the city with the specified name. CityData[name] gives a list of the full specifications of cities whose names are consistent with name.
- [ClassifierFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClassifierFunction.en.md): ClassifierFunction[...] represents a function generated by Classify that classifies data into classes.
- [ClassifierInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClassifierInformation.en.md): As of Version 12.0, ClassifierInformation has been superseded by Information.
- [ClassifierMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClassifierMeasurements.en.md): ClassifierMeasurements[classifier, testset, prop] gives measurements associated with property prop when classifier is evaluated on testset. ClassifierMeasurements[classifier, testset] yields a measurement report that can be applied to any property. ClassifierMeasurements[data, ...] uses classifications data instead of a classifier. ClassifierMeasurements[..., {prop1, prop2, ...}] gives properties prop1, prop2, etc.
- [ClassifierMeasurementsObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClassifierMeasurementsObject.en.md): ClassifierMeasurementsObject[...] represents an object generated by ClassifierMeasurements that can be applied to properties.
- [Classify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Classify.en.md): Classify[{in1 -> class1, in2 -> class2, ...}] generates a ClassifierFunction that attempts to predict classi from the example ini. Classify[data, input] attempts to predict the output associated with input from the training examples given. Classify[data, input, prop] computes the specified property prop relative to the prediction.
- [ClassPriors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClassPriors.en.md): ClassPriors is an option for Classify and related functions that specifies explicit prior probabilities to assume for output classes, independent of anything deduced from the training set.
- [ClearAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClearAll.en.md): ClearAll[s1, s2, ...] clears all values, definitions, attributes, defaults, options and messages for the symbols si. ClearAll[patt1, patt2, ...] clears all symbols whose names textually match any of the arbitrary string patterns patti. ClearAll[{spec1, spec, ...}] clears any symbols that are equal to or whose names match any of the speci.
- [ClearAttributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClearAttributes.en.md): ClearAttributes[symbol, attr] removes attr from the list of attributes of the symbol symbol. ClearAttributes[symbol, attr] removes attr from the attributes of the symbol named  symbol if it exists. ClearAttributes[s, {attr1, attr2, ...}] removes several attributes at a time. ClearAttributes[{s1, s2, ...}, attrs] removes attributes from several symbols at a time.
- [ClearCookies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClearCookies.en.md): ClearCookies[domain] clears all persistent and session cookies associated with the specified domain. ClearCookies[assoc] clears all cookies whose attributes match the specification in the association assoc. ClearCookies[All] clears all persistent and session cookies for all domains.
- [ClearDistributedDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClearDistributedDefinitions.en.md): ClearDistributedDefinitions[s1, s2, ...] clears all previously distributed definitions of symbols si on all parallel kernels. ClearDistributedDefinitions[] clears all previously distributed definitions of all symbols.
- [Clear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Clear.en.md): Clear[s1, s2, ...] clears values and definitions for the symbols si. Clear[patt1, patt2, ...] clears values and definitions for all symbols whose names textually match any of the arbitrary string patterns patti. Clear[{spec1, spec2, ...}] clears values and definitions for any symbols that are equal to or whose names match any of the speci.
- [ClearPermissions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClearPermissions.en.md): ClearPermissions[obj, class] clears permissions for the specified class of users for the cloud object obj. ClearPermissions[class] clears permissions for the cloud object corresponding to the current document.
- [ClearSystemCache](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClearSystemCache.en.md): ClearSystemCache[] clears internal system caches of stored results. ClearSystemCache[type] clears only caches of the specified type.
- [ClebschGordan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClebschGordan.en.md): ClebschGordan[{j1, m1}, {j2, m2}, {j, m}] gives the Clebsch-Gordan coefficient for the decomposition of \\[VerticalSeparator] j, m\\[RightAngleBracket] in terms of \\[VerticalSeparator] j1, m1\\[RightAngleBracket] \\[VerticalSeparator] j2, m2\\[RightAngleBracket].
- [ClickPane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClickPane.en.md): ClickPane[image, func] represents a clickable pane that displays as image and applies func to the x, y coordinates of each click within the pane. ClickPane[image, {{xmin, ymin}, {xmax, ymax}}, func] specifies the range of coordinates to use.
- [ClickToCopyEnabled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClickToCopyEnabled.en.md): ClickToCopyEnabled is an option for Cell that specifies whether to show a click-to-copy overlay when hovering over a cell.
- [ClickToCopy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClickToCopy.en.md): ClickToCopy[expr] represents a button that copies expr whenever it is clicked. ClickToCopy[label, expr] displays with label on the button.
- [CliffordAlgebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CliffordAlgebra.en.md): CliffordAlgebra[{pvars, nvars, zvars}] gives the Clifford algebra with generators pvars that square to 1, nvars that square to -1 and zvars that square to 0. CliffordAlgebra[{pvars, nvars, zvars}, alg] takes the operation names and monomial order settings from the non-commutative algebra alg.
- [Clip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Clip.en.md): Clip[x] gives x clipped to be between -1 and +1. Clip[x, {min, max}] gives x for min <= x <= max, min for x < min and max for x > max. Clip[x, {min, max}, {vmin, vmax}] gives vmin for x < min and vmax for x > max.
- [ClipFill](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClipFill.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ClipFill has been superseded by the more general option ClippingStyle.
- [ClippingStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClippingStyle.en.md): ClippingStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies the style of what should be drawn when curves or surfaces would extend beyond the plot range.
- [ClipPlanes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClipPlanes.en.md): ClipPlanes is an option to Graphics3D that specifies a list of clipping planes that can cut away portions of a 3D scene from the resulting view.
- [ClipPlanesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClipPlanesStyle.en.md): ClipPlanesStyle is an option to Graphics3D that specifies how clipping planes defined with the ClipPlanes option should be rendered.
- [ClipRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClipRange.en.md): ClipRange is an option to Raster3D that specifies a rectangular region that is cut away from the resulting view.
- [Clock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Clock.en.md): Clock[] represents a clock variable whose value cycles continuously from 0 to 1 once per second when it appears inside a dynamically updated object such as a Dynamic. Clock[t] cycles from 0 to t every t seconds. Clock[vmax, t] cycles from 0 to vmax every t seconds. Clock[{vmin, vmax}, t] cycles through the range vmin to vmax every t seconds. Clock[{vmin, vmax}] cycles through the range vmin to vmax over the course of vmax - vmin seconds. Clock[{vmin, vmax, dv}] cycles from vmin to vmax in ...
- [ClockGauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClockGauge.en.md): ClockGauge[] draws an analog clock face showing the local time with hours, minutes, and seconds. ClockGauge[time] draws an analog clock face showing the time corresponding to an AbsoluteTime, DateObject, or TimeObject specification. ClockGauge[{h, m, s}] draws an analog clock face showing hour h, minute m, and seconds s. ClockGauge[{y, m, d, h, m, s}] draws an analog clock face showing the time corresponding to the date list in a DateList specification. ClockGauge[string] draws an analog clock ...
- [Close](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Close.en.md): Close[obj] closes a stream or socket.
- [CloseKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloseKernels.en.md): CloseKernels[] terminates all parallel kernels from the list ParallelKernels[]. CloseKernels[k] terminates the kernel k. CloseKernels[{k1, k2, ...}] terminates the kernels k1, k2, .... CloseKernels[prop] terminates kernels that satisfy the given property.
- [ClosenessCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClosenessCentrality.en.md): ClosenessCentrality[g] gives a list of closeness centralities for the vertices in the graph g. ClosenessCentrality[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [ClosingAutoSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClosingAutoSave.en.md): ClosingAutoSave is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a notebook is automatically saved when it is closed.
- [Closing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Closing.en.md): Closing[image, ker] gives the morphological closing of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Closing[image, r] gives the closing with respect to a range-r square. Closing[data, ...] applies closing to an array of data.
- [CloudAccountData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudAccountData.en.md): CloudAccountData[] gives data associated with the cloud account currently being used. CloudAccountData[prop] gives the property prop associated with the cloud account being used.
- [CloudBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudBase.en.md): CloudBase is an option specifying the base URI of the server to use for cloud operations.
- [CloudConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudConnect.en.md): CloudConnect[userid, password] authenticates to the Wolfram Cloud using the specified cloud user ID and password. CloudConnect[userid] shows a dialog to input the password. CloudConnect[] shows a dialog to input both the cloud user ID and the password.
- [CloudDeploy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudDeploy.en.md): CloudDeploy[expr] deploys expr to a new anonymous cloud object. CloudDeploy[expr, location] deploys expr to a cloud object at the specified location relative to the user's current cloud directory. CloudDeploy[expr, CloudObject[...]] deploys expr to the specified cloud object.
- [CloudDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudDirectory.en.md): CloudDirectory[] gives a CloudObject representing the current working directory used for cloud objects.
- [CloudDisconnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudDisconnect.en.md): CloudDisconnect[] disconnects a non-cloud instance of the Wolfram Language from the Wolfram Cloud.
- [CloudEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudEvaluate.en.md): CloudEvaluate[expr] evaluates expr in the cloud and returns the result. CloudEvaluate[expr, h] wraps the head h around the result before returning it.
- [CloudExport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudExport.en.md): CloudExport[expr,  format] exports expr to a new anonymous cloud object in the specified format. CloudExport[expr,  format,  uri] exports to a cloud object at a given URI. CloudExport[expr,  format, CloudObject[uri]] exports to a given cloud object.
- [CloudExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudExpression.en.md): CloudExpression[name] represents an expression whose value is persistently stored in the cloud. CloudExpression[StyleBox[\http\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\:\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\//\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\...\, \TR\]], CloudExpression[StyleBox[\https\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\:\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\//\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\...\, \TR\]] represents a cloud expression with a given URI. CloudExpression[base, part1, part2, ...
- [CloudExpressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudExpressions.en.md): CloudExpressions[] gives a list of named cloud expressions owned by you. CloudExpressions[None] gives a list of anonymous cloud expressions owned by you. CloudExpressions[All] gives a list of all cloud expressions owned by you.
- [CloudFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudFunction.en.md): CloudFunction[fun] represents a pure function that evaluates fun[args] in the cloud. CloudFunction[CloudObject[...]] represents a function that applies the contents of the specified cloud object. CloudFunction[f, h] wraps the head h around the result of the function before returning it.
- [CloudGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudGet.en.md): CloudGet[uri] reads in a cloud object at a given URI, evaluating each expression in it and returning the last one. CloudGet[CloudObject[uri]] reads in a given cloud object.
- [CloudImport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudImport.en.md): CloudImport[uri] imports from a cloud object at a given URI. CloudImport[uri, elements] imports the specified elements of a cloud object. CloudImport[CloudObject[uri]] imports from a given cloud object.
- [CloudLoggingData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudLoggingData.en.md): CloudLoggingData[] gives summary logging data for all your cloud objects. CloudLoggingData[category] gives summary logging data for all your cloud objects of a particular category. CloudLoggingData[obj] gives summary logging data for the cloud object obj. CloudLoggingData[{obj1, ...}] gives aggregated summary logging data for all the objects obji. CloudLoggingData[objs, period] gives summary logging data for the specified period. CloudLoggingData[objs, period, elems] gives logging data ...
- [CloudObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudObject.en.md): CloudObject[] represents a new anonymous cloud object. CloudObject[StyleBox[\http\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\:\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\//\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\...\, \TR\]], CloudObject[StyleBox[\https\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\:\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\//\,\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\...\, \TR\]] represents a cloud object with a given URI. CloudObject[StyleBox[RowBox[{\user\, \:\, user, \/\, path}],\nAutoSpacing->False]] ...
- [CloudObjectNameFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudObjectNameFormat.en.md): CloudObjectNameFormat is an option for CloudObject and related objects that determines how the name portion of the URL for the object should be formatted.
- [CloudObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudObjects.en.md): CloudObjects[] gives a list of cloud objects in your current cloud directory. CloudObjects[dir] gives a list of cloud objects in the cloud directory dir. CloudObjects[None] gives a list of all unnamed cloud objects owned by you. CloudObjects[dir, type] gives a list of cloud objects of the specified type in the cloud directory dir. CloudObjects[assoc] gives a list of cloud objects matching the filters defined by the association assoc.
- [CloudObjectURLType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudObjectURLType.en.md): CloudObjectURLType is an option for CloudObject and related objects that specifies the base type of URL to generate for the object.
- [CloudPublish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudPublish.en.md): CloudPublish[] makes a public copy in the cloud of the current document. CloudPublish[obj] makes a public copy of the cloud object obj. CloudPublish[expr] deploys an expression to the cloud and makes it public. CloudPublish[content, location] publishes to the specified location relative to the user's current cloud directory. CloudPublish[content, CloudObject[...]] publishes to the specified cloud object.
- [CloudPut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudPut.en.md): CloudPut[expr] writes expr to a new anonymous cloud object. CloudPut[expr,  uri] writes expr to a cloud object at a given URI. CloudPut[expr, CloudObject[uri]] writes expr to a given cloud object.
- [CloudRenderingMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudRenderingMethod.en.md): CloudRenderingMethod is an option for Cell and Notebook that specifies how to render cells in the cloud.
- [CloudSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudSave.en.md): CloudSave[symbol] saves definitions associated with the specified symbol to a new anonymous cloud object. CloudSave[form] saves definitions associated with all symbols whose names match the string pattern form. CloudSave[context] saves definitions associated with all symbols in the specified context. CloudSave[{object1, object2, ...}] saves definitions associated with several objects. CloudSave[symspec, uri] appends definitions associated with symspec to the cloud object at the given URI. ...
- [CloudShare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudShare.en.md): CloudShare[user] shares the current cloud document with the specified user. CloudShare[{user1, user2, ...}] shares the current document with all the users useri. CloudShare[obj, users] shares the cloud object obj with the specified users.
- [CloudSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudSubmit.en.md): CloudSubmit[expr] submits expr for immediate asynchronous cloud evaluation. CloudSubmit[ScheduledTask[expr, spec]] submits a task to evaluate expr in the cloud on the schedule defined by spec.
- [CloudSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudSymbol.en.md): CloudSymbol[name] represents a symbol whose value is persistently stored in the cloud. CloudSymbol[obj] represents a persistent symbol corresponding to the cloud object obj. CloudSymbol[uri] represents a cloud symbol located at a given URI.
- [CloudUnshare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CloudUnshare.en.md): CloudUnshare[obj] cancels sharing of the cloud object obj with everyone. CloudUnshare[obj, users] cancels sharing with the specified list of users.
- [ClusterClassify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusterClassify.en.md): ClusterClassify[data] generates a ClassifierFunction[...] by partitioning data into clusters of similar elements. ClusterClassify[data, n] generates a ClassifierFunction[...] with n clusters.
- [ClusterDissimilarityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusterDissimilarityFunction.en.md): ClusterDissimilarityFunction is an option for ClusteringTree and Dendrogram that specifies the intercluster dissimilarity.
- [ClusteringComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusteringComponents.en.md): ClusteringComponents[array] gives an array in which each element at the lowest level of array is replaced by an integer index representing the cluster in which the element lies. ClusteringComponents[array, n] finds n clusters. ClusteringComponents[array, n, level] finds clusters at the specified level in array. ClusteringComponents[image] finds clusters of pixels with similar values in image. ClusteringComponents[image, n] finds n clusters in image. ClusteringComponents[video, ...] returns a ...
- [ClusteringMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusteringMeasurements.en.md): ClusteringMeasurements[{{e1, e2, ...}, ...}, meas] returns the measurement meas for the clustered examples ei. ClusteringMeasurements[clusters, gt, meas] assumes the ground truth clustering gt.
- [ClusteringTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ClusteringTree.en.md): ClusteringTree[{e1, e2, ...}] constructs a weighted tree from the hierarchical clustering of the elements e1, e2, .... ClusteringTree[{e1 -> v1, e2 -> v2, ...}] represents ei with vi in the constructed graph. ClusteringTree[{e1, e2, ...} -> {v1, v2, ...}] represents ei with vi in the constructed graph. ClusteringTree[<|label1 -> e1, label2 -> e 2 ...|>] represents ei using labels labeli in the constructed graph. ClusteringTree[data, h] constructs a weighted tree from the ...
- [CMYKColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CMYKColor.en.md): CMYKColor[c, m, y, k] represents a color in the CMYK color space with cyan, magenta, yellow and black components. CMYKColor[c, m, y, k, a] specifies opacity a. CMYKColor[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. CMYKColor[color] returns the CMYK representation of color.
- [CodeAssistOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CodeAssistOptions.en.md): CodeAssistOptions is an option for cells that specifies settings for controlling code input assistance features, including autocompletion, function template insertion, and mouseover behaviors for code.
- [CoefficientArrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoefficientArrays.en.md): CoefficientArrays[polys, vars] gives the arrays of coefficients of the variables vars in the polynomials polys.
- [Coefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Coefficient.en.md): Coefficient[expr, form] gives the coefficient of form in the polynomial expr. Coefficient[expr, form, n] gives the coefficient of form^n in expr.
- [CoefficientList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoefficientList.en.md): CoefficientList[poly, var] gives a list of coefficients of powers of var in poly, starting with power 0. CoefficientList[poly, {var1, var2, ...}] gives an array of coefficients of the vari. CoefficientList[poly, {var1, var2, ...}, {dim1, dim2, ...}] gives an array of dimensions {dim1, dim2, ...}, truncating or padding with zeros as needed.
- [CoefficientRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoefficientRules.en.md): CoefficientRules[poly, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the list {{e11, e12, ...} -> c1, {e21, ...} -> c2, ...} of exponent vectors and coefficients for the monomials in poly with respect to the xi. CoefficientRules[poly, {x1, x2, ...}, order] gives the result with the monomial ordering specified by order.
- [CoifletWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoifletWavelet.en.md): CoifletWavelet[] represents a Coiflet wavelet of order 2. CoifletWavelet[n] represents a Coiflet wavelet of order n.
- [Collect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Collect.en.md): Collect[expr, x] collects together terms involving the same powers of objects matching x. Collect[expr, {x1, x2, ...}] successively collects together terms that involve the same powers of objects matching x1, then x2, .... Collect[expr, var, h] applies h to the expression that forms the coefficient of each term obtained.
- [CollinearPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CollinearPoints.en.md): CollinearPoints[{p1, p2, p3, ..., pn}] tests whether the points p1, p2, p3, ..., pn are collinear.
- [Colon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Colon.en.md): Colon[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Colon] y \\[Colon] ....
- [ColorBalance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorBalance.en.md): ColorBalance[image] adjusts the colors in image to achieve a balance that simulates the effect of neutral lighting. ColorBalance[image, ref] adjusts colors in image so that the reference color specified by ref is mapped to white. ColorBalance[image, ref -> target] maps the reference color ref to target.
- [ColorCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorCombine.en.md): ColorCombine[{image1, image2, ...}] creates a multichannel image by combining the sequence of channels in the imagei. ColorCombine[{image1, image2, ...}, colorspace] combines images that represent the color components specified by colorspace.
- [ColorConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorConvert.en.md): ColorConvert[color, colspace] converts the color space of a color to the specified color space colspace. ColorConvert[image, colspace] converts the color space of image. ColorConvert[{expr1, ...}, colspace] converts the color space of a list of colors and images.
- [ColorCoverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorCoverage.en.md): ColorCoverage is an option for DominantColors that specifies the minimum image coverage that each color cluster should have.
- [ColorData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorData.en.md): ColorData[scheme] gives a function that generates colors in the named color scheme when applied to parameter values. ColorData[scheme,  property] gives the specified property of a color scheme. ColorData[collection] gives a list of color schemes in a named collection. ColorData[] gives a list of named collections of color schemes.
- [ColorDataFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorDataFunction.en.md): ColorDataFunction[range, ...] is a function that represents a color scheme.
- [ColorDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorDetect.en.md): ColorDetect[image, cspec] returns a mask image representing regions in image with colors within the specified color region.
- [ColorDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorDistance.en.md): ColorDistance[c1, c2] gives the approximate perceptual distance between color directives c1 and c2. ColorDistance[list, c] gives color distances between elements of list and c. ColorDistance[list1, list2] gives color distances between corresponding elements of list1 and list2. ColorDistance[image, c] gives an image whose pixel values are color distance between pixels in image and the color c. ColorDistance[image1, image2] yields an image giving the pixelwise color distance between image1 and ...
- [ColorFunctionBinning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorFunctionBinning.en.md): ColorFunctionBinning is an option for plotting functions that divides values into a limited set of bins for styling.
- [ColorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorFunction.en.md): ColorFunction is an option for graphics functions that specifies a function to apply to determine colors of elements.
- [ColorFunctionScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorFunctionScaling.en.md): ColorFunctionScaling is an option for graphics functions that specifies whether arguments supplied to a color function should be scaled to lie between 0 and 1.
- [Colorize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Colorize.en.md): Colorize[m] generates an image from an integer matrix m, using colors for positive integers and black for non-positive integers. Colorize[image] replaces intensity values in image with pseudocolor values.
- [ColorNegate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorNegate.en.md): ColorNegate[color] gives the negative of a color. ColorNegate[image] gives the negative of image, in which all colors have been negated. ColorNegate[video] negates every frame of a video. ColorNegate[{expr1, ...}] gives a list of negative images or colors.
- [ColorOutput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorOutput.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ColorOutput has been superseded by ColorFunction, ColorData, and related functions.
- [ColorProfileData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorProfileData.en.md): ColorProfileData[<> , Description ->  desc, DeviceColorSpace ->  device, IndependentColorSpace ->  ics] represents an ICC color profile that can convert between the independent color space  ics and the device-dependent color space  device.
- [ColorQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorQ.en.md): ColorQ[color] yields True if color is a valid color directive and False otherwise.
- [ColorQuantize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorQuantize.en.md): ColorQuantize[image] gives an approximation to image by quantizing to distinct colors. ColorQuantize[image, n] uses at most n distinct colors. ColorQuantize[image, {col1, ..., coln}] represents an image using only the n specified colors coli.
- [ColorReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorReplace.en.md): ColorReplace[image, color] finds regions in image whose pixel values are similar to color and replaces them with transparent pixels. ColorReplace[image, color -> replacement] replaces all pixels with the specified replacement color. ColorReplace[image, color -> replacement, d] replaces all pixels whose values are within a distance d from color. ColorReplace[image, {color1 -> replacement1, ...}, {d1, ...}] does multiple color replacements.
- [ColorRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorRules.en.md): ColorRules is an option that specifies how colors of cells should be determined from values.
- [ColorSelectorSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSelectorSettings.en.md): ColorSelectorSettings is a global option that specifies settings for the Color dialog box.
- [ColorSeparate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSeparate.en.md): ColorSeparate[image] gives a list of single-channel images corresponding to each of the color channels in image. ColorSeparate[image, colorspace] gives a list of images corresponding to the components of colorspace. ColorSeparate[image, channel] returns a single-channel image containing the specified channel.
- [ColorSetter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSetter.en.md): ColorSetter[color] represents a color setter which displays as a swatch of the specified color and when clicked brings up a system color picker dialog. ColorSetter[Dynamic[color]] uses the dynamically updated current value of color, with the value of color being reset if the color is modified. ColorSetter[] gives a color setter with initial color gray.
- [ColorSlider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSlider.en.md): ColorSlider[color] represents a color slider currently set to the color corresponding to color. ColorSlider[Dynamic[color]] uses the dynamically updated current value of color, with the value of color being reset if the color is modified. ColorSlider[] represents a color slider with an initial gray color.
- [ColorsNear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorsNear.en.md): ColorsNear[color] represents a region around color. ColorsNear[color, d] represents a region with maximum distance d around color. ColorsNear[color, d, dfun] uses the specified color distance function dfun.
- [ColorSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSpace.en.md): ColorSpace is an option for Image and related functions that specifies the color space to which color values refer.
- [ColorToneMapping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorToneMapping.en.md): ColorToneMapping[image] applies a tone mapping to color values in image so as to make variations of luminance visible even in small intervals of the dynamic range. ColorToneMapping[image, c] maps colors by compressing the overall range of luminance values by a factor c. ColorToneMapping[image, range] applies a mapping only to colors whose initial luminance lies in the specified range. ColorToneMapping[image, {range, c}] takes the specified range of colors and compresses their overall luminance ...
- [ColumnAlignments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnAlignments.en.md): ColumnAlignments is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies how entries in each column should be aligned.
- [Column](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Column.en.md): Column[{expr1, expr2, ...}] is an object that formats with the expri arranged in a column, with expr1 above expr2, etc. Column[list, alignment] aligns each element horizontally in the specified way. Column[list, alignment, spacing] leaves the specified number of x-heights of spacing between successive elements.
- [ColumnForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnForm.en.md): ColumnForm has been superseded by the more general function Column.
- [ColumnKeyExistsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnKeyExistsQ.en.md): ColumnKeyExistsQ[data, key] returns True if the specified key exists in the tabular data, and False otherwise. ColumnKeyExistsQ[key] represents an operator form of ColumnKeyExistsQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [ColumnKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnKeys.en.md): ColumnKeys[data] gives a list of the column keys in the tabular data. ColumnKeys[data, spatt] gives the column keys of data that match the string pattern spatt. ColumnKeys[data, crit] gives the column keys keyi of data for which crit[keyi] is True.
- [ColumnLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnLines.en.md): ColumnLines is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies whether lines should be drawn between adjacent columns.
- [ColumnsEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnsEqual.en.md): ColumnsEqual is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies whether all columns in the grid should be assigned equal width.
- [ColumnSpacings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnSpacings.en.md): ColumnSpacings is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies the spaces in ems that should be inserted between adjacent columns.
- [ColumnTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnTypes.en.md): ColumnTypes[tab] gives the element types of the columns of the Tabular object tab. ColumnTypes[tab, tsel] gives the element types of the columns selected by tsel.
- [ColumnWidths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnWidths.en.md): ColumnWidths is an option for the low-level function GridBox which specifies the widths to use for columns.
- [ColumnwiseCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnwiseCombine.en.md): ColumnwiseCombine[{tab1, ...} -> ckey] combines Tabular objects tab1, ... by joining all combinations of rows where the values of the columns with key ckey from each of the tabi are the same. ColumnwiseCombine[{tab1, ...} -> {ckey1, ckey2, ...}] combines rows where the values of all of the columns having keys ckeyj have the same values. ColumnwiseCombine[{tab1 -> ckey1, tab2 -> ckey2, ...}] joins rows with common values in columns with key ckeyi in tabi. ColumnwiseCombine[<|p1 ...
- [ColumnwiseThread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnwiseThread.en.md): ColumnwiseThread[cbody] denotes that cbody, a part of the body of a function, will be evaluated in columnwise form when using that function in TransformColumns or ConstructColumns operations.
- [ColumnwiseValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColumnwiseValue.en.md): ColumnwiseValue[cbody] denotes that cbody, a part of the body of a function, will be evaluated once in columnwise form before using that function to transform rows in TransformColumns or ConstructColumns operations.
- [ComapApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComapApply.en.md): ComapApply[{f1, f2, ...}, expr] gives {Apply[f1, expr], Apply[f2, expr], ...}. ComapApply[fs] represents an operator form of ComapApply that can be applied to an expression.
- [Comap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Comap.en.md): Comap[{f1, f2, ...}, x] gives {f1[x], f2[x], ...}. Comap[fs, x, levelspec] applies parts of fs specified by levelspec to x. Comap[fs] represents an operator form of Comap that can be applied to an expression.
- [CombinatorB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorB.en.md): CombinatorB represents the CombinatorB combinator.
- [CombinatorC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorC.en.md): CombinatorC represents the CombinatorC combinator.
- [CombinatorI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorI.en.md): CombinatorI represents the CombinatorI combinator.
- [CombinatorK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorK.en.md): CombinatorK represents the CombinatorK combinator.
- [CombinatorS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorS.en.md): CombinatorS represents the CombinatorS combinator.
- [CombinatorW](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorW.en.md): CombinatorW represents the CombinatorW combinator.
- [CombinatorY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinatorY.en.md): CombinatorY represents the CombinatorY combinator.
- [CombinedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinedEntityClass.en.md): CombinedEntityClass[class1, class2, prop] represents a class of entities obtained by combining the properties of those pairs of entities from class1 and class2 for which the value of the property prop is the same for the two entities in the pair. CombinedEntityClass[class1, class2, prop1 -> prop2] combines pairs of entities from class1 and class2 for which the value of prop1 of the entity from class1 is the same as the value of prop2 for the entity from class2. CombinedEntityClass[class1, ...
- [CombinerFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CombinerFunction.en.md): CombinerFunction is an option for template functions that specifies how fragments should be assembled to give the result of applying a template.
- [CometData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CometData.en.md): CometData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the comet entity. CometData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified comet entities. CometData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [CommonDefaultFormatTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommonDefaultFormatTypes.en.md): CommonDefaultFormatTypes is an option that specifies default formats for newly created cells.
- [Commonest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Commonest.en.md): Commonest[list] gives a list of the elements that are the most common in list. Commonest[list, n] gives a list of the n most common elements in list.
- [CommonestFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommonestFilter.en.md): CommonestFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value with the most common value in its range-r neighborhood. CommonestFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [CommonName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommonName.en.md): CommonName[entity] gives the common name for the entity specified by entity. CommonName[{entity1, ..., entityn}] gives the common name for entity1 through entityn.
- [CommonUnits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommonUnits.en.md): CommonUnits[{quantity1, quantity2, ..., quantityn}] converts quantity1 through quantityn to common units across compatible dimensions.
- [CommunityBoundaryStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommunityBoundaryStyle.en.md): CommunityBoundaryStyle is an option to CommunityGraphPlot that specifies how to style community boundaries.
- [CommunityGraphPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommunityGraphPlot.en.md): CommunityGraphPlot[g] generates a plot showing the community structure of the graph g. CommunityGraphPlot[g, {{v Subscript[i, 1], v Subscript[i, 2], ...}, ...}] generates a plot for the graph g with communities {v Subscript[i, 1], v Subscript[i, 2], ...}, .... CommunityGraphPlot[g, {..., wj[{v Subscript[i, 1], ...}], ...}] generates a plot with highlighting features defined by the symbol wrappers wj. CommunityGraphPlot[{v Subscript[i, 1] -> v Subscript[j, 1], v Subscript[i, 2] -> v ...
- [CommunityLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommunityLabels.en.md): CommunityLabels is an option to CommunityGraphPlot that controls what labels and placement to use for communities.
- [CommunityRegionStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CommunityRegionStyle.en.md): CommunityRegionStyle is an option to CommunityGraphPlot that specifies how to style community regions.
- [Commutator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Commutator.en.md): Commutator[x, y] gives the commutator x ** y - y ** x of x and y. Commutator[x, y, alg] gives the commutator of x and y in the noncommutative algebra alg.
- [CompanionMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompanionMatrix.en.md): CompanionMatrix[cvec] returns a companion matrix corresponding to the coefficient vector cvec. CompanionMatrix[poly, x] returns a companion matrix corresponding to the polynomial poly in x. CompanionMatrix[..., dir] returns a companion matrix oriented by specification dir.
- [CompanyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompanyData.en.md): CompanyData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the company entity. CompanyData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified company entities. CompanyData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [CompatibleUnitQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompatibleUnitQ.en.md): CompatibleUnitQ[quantity1, quantity2] returns True if quantity1 and quantity2 have compatible units, and False otherwise.
- [CompilationOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilationOptions.en.md): CompilationOptions is an option for Compile that specifies settings for the compilation process.
- [CompilationTarget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilationTarget.en.md): CompilationTarget is an option for Compile that specifies the target runtime for the compiled function.
- [CompiledCodeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompiledCodeFunction.en.md): CompiledCodeFunction[...] is a function created by FunctionCompile that contains compiled code that is run when the CompiledCodeFunction is applied to suitable arguments.
- [CompiledComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompiledComponent.en.md): CompiledComponent[name] represents a compiled component.
- [CompiledComponentRawInterface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompiledComponentRawInterface.en.md): CompiledComponentRawInterface[comp] represents the raw interface of a compiled component.
- [Compiled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Compiled.en.md): Compiled is an option for various numerical and plotting functions which specifies whether the expressions they work with should automatically be compiled.
- [CompiledExpressionDeclaration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompiledExpressionDeclaration.en.md): CompiledExpressionDeclaration[h, n] represents a type for expressions of the form h[x1, x2, ..., xn], suitable for use in compiled code. CompiledExpressionDeclaration[h, {t1, t2, ...}] represents a type for expressions of the form h[x1, x2, ..., xn], with xi having the type ti. CompiledExpressionDeclaration[h -> name, ...] names the declared type name. CompiledExpressionDeclaration[h -> name ::[v1, v2, ...], {t1, t2, ...}] represents a parameterized type with parameters labeled by v1, ...
- [CompiledFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompiledFunction.en.md): CompiledFunction[args...] represents compiled code for evaluating a compiled function.
- [CompiledLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompiledLayer.en.md): CompiledLayer[func] represents a net layer whose computation is defined by the compilable function func. CompiledLayer[func, gradientfunc] specifies a gradient propagating function allowing the layer to be used in NetTrain.
- [Compile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Compile.en.md): Compile[{x1, x2, ...}, expr] creates a compiled function that evaluates expr assuming numerical values of the xi. Compile[{{x1, t1}, ...}, expr] assumes that xi is of a type that matches ti. Compile[{{x1, t1, n1}, ...}, expr] assumes that xi is a rank ni array of objects, each of a type that matches ti. Compile[vars, expr, {{p1, pt1}, ...}] assumes that subexpressions in expr that match pi are of types that match pti.
- [CompilerCallback](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerCallback.en.md): CompilerCallback[name] is a function that, if defined in a compiler environment, is automatically called by the Wolfram Compiler.
- [CompilerEnvironmentAppendTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerEnvironmentAppendTo.en.md): CompilerEnvironmentAppendTo[{def1, def2, ...}] appends declarations to $CompilerEnvironment. CompilerEnvironmentAppendTo[env, {def1, def2, ...}] appends declarations to CompilerEnvironmentObject env.
- [CompilerEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerEnvironment.en.md): CompilerEnvironment is an option for FunctionCompile and related functions that allows definitions to be included in the compilation.
- [CompilerEnvironmentObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerEnvironmentObject.en.md): CompilerEnvironmentObject represents a collection of definitions that can be included in compilations by FunctionCompile and related functions.
- [CompilerInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerInformation.en.md): CompilerInformation[fun] gives compiler-specific information about the function fun. CompilerInformation[ty] gives compiler-specific information about the type ty. CompilerInformation[] returns all functions and types known to the compiler.
- [CompilerOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerOptions.en.md): CompilerOptions is an option for FunctionCompile and related functions that allows options for the compilation pipeline to be specified.
- [CompilerRuntimeErrorAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompilerRuntimeErrorAction.en.md): CompilerRuntimeErrorAction is an option for FunctionCompile that determines what should happen when an unrecoverable error takes place while computing with low-level code.
- [ComplementedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplementedEntityClass.en.md): ComplementedEntityClass[classall, class1, ...] represents an entity class containing all the entities in classall that are not in any of the classi.
- [Complement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Complement.en.md): Complement[eall, e1, e2, ...] gives the elements in eall that are not in any of the ei.
- [CompleteGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompleteGraph.en.md): CompleteGraph[n] gives the complete graph with n vertices Kn. CompleteGraph[{n1, n2, ..., nk}] gives the complete k-partite graph with n1 + n2 + \\[CenterEllipsis] + nk vertices K Subscript[n, 1], Subscript[n, 2], ..., Subscript[n, k].
- [CompleteGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompleteGraphQ.en.md): CompleteGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a complete graph, and False otherwise. CompleteGraphQ[g, vlist] yields True if the subgraph induced by vlist is a complete graph, and False otherwise.
- [CompleteIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompleteIntegral.en.md): CompleteIntegral[pde, u, {x1, ..., xn}] gives a complete integral u for the first-order partial differential equation pde, with independent variables {x1, ..., xn}.
- [CompleteKaryTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompleteKaryTree.en.md): CompleteKaryTree[n] gives the complete binary tree with n levels. CompleteKaryTree[n, k] gives the complete k-ary tree with n levels.
- [ComplexArrayPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexArrayPlot.en.md): ComplexArrayPlot[array] generates a plot in which complex values zij in an array array are shown in a discrete array of squares with Arg[zij] indicated by color and Abs[zij] by shading.
- [ComplexContourPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexContourPlot.en.md): ComplexContourPlot[f, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a filled contour plot of f as a function of z. ComplexContourPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates contour lines for f1, f2, .... ComplexContourPlot[f == g, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots contour lines for which f = g. ComplexContourPlot[{f1 == g1, f2 == g2, ...}, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots contour lines for each of f1 == g1, f2 = g2, ....
- [Complex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Complex.en.md): Complex is the head used for complex numbers.
- [Complexes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Complexes.en.md): Complexes represents the domain of complex numbers, as in x \\[Element] Complexes.
- [ComplexExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexExpand.en.md): ComplexExpand[expr] expands expr assuming that all variables are real. ComplexExpand[expr, {x1, x2, ...}] expands expr assuming that variables matching any of the xi are complex.
- [ComplexInfinity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexInfinity.en.md): ComplexInfinity represents a quantity with infinite magnitude, but undetermined complex phase.
- [ComplexityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexityFunction.en.md): ComplexityFunction is an option for Simplify and other functions which gives a function to rank the complexity of different forms of an expression.
- [ComplexListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexListPlot.en.md): ComplexListPlot[{z1, z2, ...}] plots complex numbers z1, z2, ... as points in the complex plane. ComplexListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all datai. ComplexListPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ComplexPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexPlot3D.en.md): ComplexPlot3D[f, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a 3D plot of Abs[f] colored by Arg[f] over the complex rectangle with corners zmin and zmax.
- [ComplexPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexPlot.en.md): ComplexPlot[f, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a plot of Arg[f] over the complex rectangle with corners zmin and zmax.
- [ComplexRegionPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexRegionPlot.en.md): ComplexRegionPlot[pred, {z, zmin, zmax}] makes a plot showing the region in the complex plane for which pred is True. ComplexRegionPlot[{pred1, pred2, ...}, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots regions given by the multiple predicates predi.
- [ComplexStreamPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexStreamPlot.en.md): ComplexStreamPlot[f, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a streamline plot of the vector field {Re[f], Im[f]} over the complex rectangle with corners zmin and zmax.
- [ComplexVectorPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComplexVectorPlot.en.md): ComplexVectorPlot[f, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a vector plot of the vector field {Re[f], Im[f]} over the complex rectangle with corners zmin and zmax. ComplexVectorPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots several vector fields.
- [ComponentExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComponentExpand.en.md): ComponentExpand[expr] expands out array variables in expr in terms of indexed components. ComponentExpand[expr, assum] specifies dimensionality of variables using assumptions assum.
- [ComponentKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComponentKeys.en.md): ComponentKeys is an option of TimeSeries and EventSeries that specifies the keys of the components.
- [ComponentMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComponentMeasurements.en.md): ComponentMeasurements[{image, lmat},  prop] computes the property  prop for components of image indicated by the label matrix lmat. ComponentMeasurements[image,  prop] computes the property  prop for connected components of image. ComponentMeasurements[...,  prop, crit] only returns measurements for components that satisfy the criterion crit. ComponentMeasurements[...,  prop, crit, format] formats the result according to the output specification format.
- [Compose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Compose.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), Compose has been superseded by Composition.
- [ComposeList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComposeList.en.md): ComposeList[{f1, f2, ...}, x] generates a list of the form {x, f1[x], f2[f1[x]], ...}.
- [ComposeSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComposeSeries.en.md): ComposeSeries[series1, series2, ...] composes several power series.
- [CompositeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompositeQ.en.md): CompositeQ[n] yields True if n is a composite number, and yields False otherwise.
- [Composition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Composition.en.md): Composition[f1, f2, f3, ...] represents a composition of the functions f1, f2, f3, ....
- [CompoundElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompoundElement.en.md): CompoundElement[{spec1, spec2, ...}] represents a form or interpreter specification for a list of fields or inputs that gives a list of results. CompoundElement[<|key1 -> spec1, key2 -> spec2, ...|>] represents a form or interpreter specification that gives an association of results.
- [CompoundExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompoundExpression.en.md): expr1; expr2; ... evaluates the expri in turn, giving the last one as the result.
- [CompoundPoissonDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompoundPoissonDistribution.en.md): CompoundPoissonDistribution[\\[Lambda], dist] represents a compound Poisson distribution with rate parameter \\[Lambda] and jump size distribution dist.
- [CompoundPoissonProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompoundPoissonProcess.en.md): CompoundPoissonProcess[\\[Lambda], jdist] represents a compound Poisson process with rate parameter \\[Lambda] and jump size distribution jdist.
- [CompoundRenewalProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompoundRenewalProcess.en.md): CompoundRenewalProcess[rdist, jdist] represents a compound renewal process with renewal-time distribution rdist and jump size distribution jdist.
- [Compress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Compress.en.md): Compress[expr] gives a compressed representation of expr as a string.
- [CompressionLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CompressionLevel.en.md): CompressionLevel is an option for Export and CreateArchive that specifies the amount of compression to use when compressing data.
- [ComputeUncertainty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ComputeUncertainty.en.md): ComputeUncertainty is an option for ClassifierMeasurements, LearnedDistribution and other functions to specify if numeric results should be returned along with their uncertainty.
- [ConcaveHullMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConcaveHullMesh.en.md): ConcaveHullMesh[{p1, p2, ...}] gives the concave hull mesh from the points p1, p2, .... ConcaveHullMesh[{p1, p2, ...}, \\[Alpha]] gives the concave hull mesh of the specified parameter \\[Alpha]. ConcaveHullMesh[{p1, p2, ...}, \\[Alpha], d] gives the concave hull mesh of cells of dimension d.
- [ConditionalExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConditionalExpression.en.md): ConditionalExpression[expr, cond] is a symbolic construct that represents the expression expr when the condition cond is True.
- [Conditioned](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Conditioned.en.md): Conditioned[expr, cond] or expr \\[Conditioned] cond represents expr conditioned by the predicate cond.
- [Condition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Condition.en.md): patt /; test is a pattern which matches only if the evaluation of test yields True. lhs :> rhs /; test represents a rule which applies only if the evaluation of test yields True. lhs := rhs /; test is a definition to be used only if test yields True.
- [Cone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cone.en.md): Cone[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}}, r] represents a cone with a base of radius r centered at (x1, y1, z1) and a tip at (x2, y2, z2). Cone[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}}] represents a cone with a base of radius 1.
- [ConfidenceLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfidenceLevel.en.md): ConfidenceLevel is an option for LinearModelFit and other fitting functions that specifies the level to use in various confidence and prediction intervals and bands.
- [ConfidenceRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfidenceRange.en.md): ConfidenceRange is an option for SurvivalModelFit and other functions that specifies the range over which simultaneous confidence intervals and bands are computed.
- [ConfidenceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfidenceTransform.en.md): ConfidenceTransform is an option for functions such as SurvivalModelFit that specifies the transformation used for confidence intervals and bands.
- [ConfigurationPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfigurationPath.en.md): ConfigurationPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for systemwide configuration information.
- [ConfirmAssert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfirmAssert.en.md): ConfirmAssert[test] confirms that test is True, otherwise throwing an error to the nearest surrounding Enclose. ConfirmAssert[test, info] evaluates info and includes its value in the thrown error if test is not True. ConfirmAssert[test, info, tag] uses the specified tag for any thrown errors.
- [ConfirmBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfirmBy.en.md): ConfirmBy[expr, f] confirms that f[expr] returns True, otherwise throwing an error to the nearest surrounding Enclose. ConfirmBy[expr, f, info] evaluates info and includes its value in the thrown error if expr is not confirmed. ConfirmBy[expr, f, info, tag] uses the specified tag for any thrown errors.
- [Confirm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Confirm.en.md): Confirm[expr] confirms that expr does not represent an error, otherwise throwing a Failure to the nearest lexically surrounding Enclose. Confirm[expr, info] if expr represents an error, evaluates info and includes the result in the thrown Failure. Confirm[expr, info, tag] uses the specified tag for any thrown errors.
- [ConfirmMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfirmMatch.en.md): ConfirmMatch[expr, form] confirms that expr matches the pattern form, otherwise throwing a Failure to the nearest lexically surrounding Enclose. ConfirmMatch[expr, form, info] if expr does not match form, evaluates info and includes the result in the thrown Failure. ConfirmMatch[expr, form, info, tag] uses the tag tag for any thrown errors.
- [ConfirmQuiet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConfirmQuiet.en.md): ConfirmQuiet[expr] confirms that no messages are generated during the evaluation of expr, otherwise quieting them and throwing an error to the nearest surrounding Enclose. ConfirmQuiet[expr, s::t] tests only for the specified message. ConfirmQuiet[expr, {s1::t1, s2::t2, ...}] tests only for the specified list of messages. ConfirmQuiet[expr, group] tests only for messages in the named message group. ConfirmQuiet[expr, mspec, info] evaluates info and includes its value in the thrown error if ...
- [ConformationMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConformationMethod.en.md): ConformationMethod is an option for VideoJoin and others that specifies how to conform frames of different videos.
- [ConformAudio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConformAudio.en.md): ConformAudio[{audio1, audio2, ...}] returns a list of audio objects where all audioi are made to have conforming properties, including duration, data type, and number of channels. ConformAudio[{audio1, audio2, ...}, spec] returns all audio objects of the specified spec.
- [ConformDates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConformDates.en.md): ConformDates[dates] returns a list of dates where all dates are made to have conforming properties, including calendar, time zone and granularity. ConformDates[dates, rdate] returns all dates in a form consistent with the reference date rdate.
- [ConformImages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConformImages.en.md): ConformImages[{image1, image2, ...}] returns a list of images where all imagei are made to have conforming properties, including dimensions, data type, color space, and interleaving. ConformImages[{image1, image2, ...}, spec] returns all images of the specified spec. ConformImages[{image1, image2, ...}, spec, fitting] resizes images using the specified fitting method.
- [Congruent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Congruent.en.md): Congruent[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Congruent] y \\[Congruent] ....
- [ConicGradientFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConicGradientFilling.en.md): ConicGradientFilling[{col1, col2, ..., coln}] is a two-dimensional graphics directive specifying that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using a progressive transition between colors coli along a circle. ConicGradientFilling[{\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2, ..., \\[Theta]n} \\ -> {col1, col2, ..., coln}] uses the colors coli at angles \\[Theta]i. ConicGradientFilling[{\\[Theta] 1, \\[Theta] 2, ..., \\[Theta] n} \\ -> {col 1, col 2, ..., col n}, {x, y}] rotates ...
- [ConicHullRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConicHullRegion.en.md): ConicHullRegion[{p1, ..., p m +1}] represents the m-dimensional affine hull region passing through points pi. ConicHullRegion[p, {v1, ..., vm}] represents the m-dimensional affine hull region passing through the point p and parallel to vi. ConicHullRegion[{p1, ..., p m +1}, {w1, ..., wn}] represents the m-dimensional affine hull plus the conic hull generated by the vectors wj. ConicHullRegion[p, {v1, ..., vm}, {w1, ..., wn}] represents the m-dimensional affine hull plus the conic hull ...
- [ConicOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConicOptimization.en.md): ConicOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the linear objective f subject to conic constraints cons. ConicOptimization[...,  prop] specifies what solution property  prop should be returned.
- [Conjugate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Conjugate.en.md): Conjugate[z] or z\\[Conjugate] gives the complex conjugate of the complex number z.
- [ConjugateTranspose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConjugateTranspose.en.md): ConjugateTranspose[m] or m^\\[ConjugateTranspose] gives the conjugate transpose of m.
- [Conjunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Conjunction.en.md): Conjunction[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the conjunction of expr over all choices of the Boolean variables ai.
- [ConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectedComponents.en.md): ConnectedComponents[g] gives the connected components of the graph g. ConnectedComponents[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the connected components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, ... . ConnectedComponents[g, patt] gives the connected components that include a vertex that matches the pattern patt. ConnectedComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [ConnectedGraphComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectedGraphComponents.en.md): ConnectedGraphComponents[g] gives the connected components of the graph g. ConnectedGraphComponents[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the connected components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, ... . ConnectedGraphComponents[g, patt] gives the connected components that include a vertex that matches the pattern patt. ConnectedGraphComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [ConnectedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectedGraphQ.en.md): ConnectedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is connected, and False otherwise.
- [ConnectedMeshComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectedMeshComponents.en.md): ConnectedMeshComponents[mr] gives a list {c1, c2, ...} of disjoint path connected meshed regions.
- [ConnectedMoleculeComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectedMoleculeComponents.en.md): ConnectedMoleculeComponents[mol] gives the connected components of the molecule mol.
- [ConnectedMoleculeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectedMoleculeQ.en.md): ConnectedMoleculeQ[mol] returns True if the atoms in mol form are connected by bonds, and False otherwise.
- [ConnectionSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectionSettings.en.md): ConnectionSettings is an option for URLRead and related functions to specify advanced connection settings.
- [ConnectLibraryCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectLibraryCallbackFunction.en.md): ConnectLibraryCallbackFunction[mname, cf] connects a CompiledFunction cf with the library callback manager with name mname.
- [ConnectSystemModelComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectSystemModelComponents.en.md): ConnectSystemModelComponents[{SubscriptBox[c, 1] \\[Element] comp1, ...}, {SubscriptBox[c, 1]. a -> SubscriptBox[c, 2]. b, ...}] creates a system model by connecting connector  a of component SubscriptBox[c, 1] with connector  b of component SubscriptBox[c, 2] etc.
- [ConnectSystemModelController](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnectSystemModelController.en.md): ConnectSystemModelController[model, controller] connects the system model model with a controller according to the controller data controller.
- [ConnesWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConnesWindow.en.md): ConnesWindow[x] represents a Connes window function of x. ConnesWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [ConoverTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConoverTest.en.md): ConoverTest[{data1, data2, ...}] tests whether the variances of data1, data2, ... are equal. ConoverTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2] tests a dispersion measure against \\[Sigma]_0^2. ConoverTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [ConservativeConvectionPDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConservativeConvectionPDETerm.en.md): ConservativeConvectionPDETerm[vars, \\[Alpha]] represents a conservative convection term \\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]}\\[CenterDot](-\\[Alpha] u) with conservative convection coefficient \\[Alpha] and model variables vars. ConservativeConvectionPDETerm[vars, \\[Alpha], pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [ConstantArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantArray.en.md): ConstantArray[c, n] generates a list of n copies of the element c. ConstantArray[c, {n1, n2, ...}] generates an n1*n2*... array of nested lists containing copies of the element c.
- [ConstantArrayLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantArrayLayer.en.md): ConstantArrayLayer has been phased out in favor of NetArrayLayer, which was introduced in Version 12.2.
- [Constant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Constant.en.md): Constant is an attribute that indicates zero derivative of a symbol with respect to all parameters.
- [ConstantImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantImage.en.md): ConstantImage[val, size] gives an image of the specified size with constant pixel values of val. ConstantImage[val, size,  type] gives an image converted to the specified type.
- [ConstantPlusLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantPlusLayer.en.md): ConstantPlusLayer has been phased out in favor of NetGraph.
- [ConstantRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantRegionQ.en.md): ConstantRegionQ[reg] gives True if the reg is a constant region and False otherwise.
- [Constants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Constants.en.md): Constants is an option for Dt which gives a list of objects to be taken as constants.
- [ConstantTimesLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantTimesLayer.en.md): ConstantTimesLayer has been phased out in favor of NetGraph.
- [ConstantVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantVideo.en.md): ConstantVideo[image] generates a one-second video with a constant frame image. ConstantVideo[image, dur] generates a video for the duration dur.
- [ConstellationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstellationData.en.md): ConstellationData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the constellation entity. ConstellationData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified constellation entities. ConstellationData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [ConstrainedMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstrainedMax.en.md): Since Version 5.0 (released in 2003), ConstrainedMax has been superseded by Minimize, Maximize, NMinimize, and NMaximize.
- [ConstrainedMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstrainedMin.en.md): Since Version 5.0 (released in 2003), ConstrainedMin has been superseded by Minimize, Maximize, NMinimize, and NMaximize.
- [ConstructColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstructColumns.en.md): ConstructColumns[tab, {col1, col2, ...}] constructs new tabular data formed by extracting columns coli from the tabular data tab. ConstructColumns[tab, {ncol1 -> f1, ncol2 -> f2, ...}] returns new tabular data with columns ncoli constructed by applying the functions fi to each row of tab. ConstructColumns[cspec] represents an operator form of ConstructColumns that can be applied to tabular data.
- [Construct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Construct.en.md): Construct[f, x] gives f[x]. Construct[f, x1, ..., xn] gives f[x1, ..., xn].
- [Containing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Containing.en.md): Containing[outer,  inner] represents an object of type outer containing objects of type inner.
- [ContainsAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContainsAll.en.md): ContainsAll[list1, list2] yields True if list1 contains all of the elements of list2. ContainsAll[list2] is an operator form that yields True when the object to which it is applied contains all of the elements of list2.
- [ContainsAny](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContainsAny.en.md): ContainsAny[list1, list2] yields True if list1 contains any of the elements of list2. ContainsAny[list2] is an operator form that yields True when the object to which it is applied contains any of the elements in list2.
- [ContainsExactly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContainsExactly.en.md): ContainsExactly[list1, list2] yields True if list1 contains exactly the same elements as list2. ContainsExactly[list2] is an operator form that yields True when the object to which it is applied contains exactly the same elements as list2.
- [ContainsNone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContainsNone.en.md): ContainsNone[list1, list2] yields True if list1 contains none of the elements in list2. ContainsNone[list2] is an operator form that yields True when the object to which it is applied contains none of the elements of list2.
- [ContainsOnly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContainsOnly.en.md): ContainsOnly[list1, list2] yields True if list1 contains only elements that appear in list2. ContainsOnly[list2] is an operator form that yields True when the object to which it is applied contains only elements that appear in list2.
- [ContentDetectorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentDetectorFunction.en.md): ContentDetectorFunction[...] represents a function generated by TrainImageContentDetector or TrainTextContentDetector that localizes and classifies contents in a piece of text or an image.
- [ContentFieldOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentFieldOptions.en.md): ContentFieldOptions is an option for CreateSearchIndex and related functions that allows options to be specified for handling different fields in content that is being indexed.
- [ContentLocationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentLocationFunction.en.md): ContentLocationFunction is an option to CreateSearchIndex and related functions that specifies how to determine locations to be used for hyperlinks and related constructs in the resulting index.
- [ContentObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentObject.en.md): ContentObject[string] gives a content object whose content is string. ContentObject[File[...]] gives a content object whose content is stored in the specified file. ContentObject[<|SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> val2, ...|>] gives a content object with a sequence of fields with names namei and values vali.
- [ContentPadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentPadding.en.md): ContentPadding is an option for objects that can be displayed with frames that specifies whether the vertical margins should shrink wrap tightly around the contents.
- [ContentSelectable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentSelectable.en.md): ContentSelectable is an option to constructs such as Inset, Graphics, and GraphicsGroup that specifies whether and how content within them should be selectable.
- [ContentSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContentSize.en.md): ContentSize is an option for Manipulate, Labeled and other functions that specifies the size of the content area to use.
- [Context](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Context.en.md): Context[] gives the current context. Context[symbol] gives the context in which a symbol appears. Context[symbol] gives the context in which the symbol named  symbol appears if it exists.
- [Contexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Contexts.en.md): Contexts[] gives a list of all contexts. Contexts[string] gives a list of the contexts that match the string.
- [ContinuedFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuedFraction.en.md): ContinuedFraction[x, n] generates a list of the first n terms in the continued fraction representation of x. ContinuedFraction[x] generates a list of all terms that can be obtained given the precision of x.
- [ContinuedFractionK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuedFractionK.en.md): ContinuedFractionK[f, g, {i, imin, imax}] represents the continued fraction \\[CapitalKappa]_i = imin^imax f/ g. ContinuedFractionK[g, {i, imin, imax}] represents the continued fraction \\[CapitalKappa]_i = imin^imax 1/ g.
- [Continue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Continue.en.md): Continue[] goes to the next iteration of the nearest enclosing Do, For, Until or While in a procedural program.
- [ContinuousAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuousAction.en.md): ContinuousAction is an option for Manipulate, Slider, and related functions that specifies whether action should be taken continuously while controls are being moved.
- [ContinuousMarkovProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuousMarkovProcess.en.md): ContinuousMarkovProcess[i0, q] represents a continuous-time finite-state Markov process with transition rate matrix q and initial state i0. ContinuousMarkovProcess[p0, q] represents a Markov process with initial state probability vector p0. ContinuousMarkovProcess[..., m, \\[Mu]] represents a Markov process with transition matrix m and transition rates \\[Mu]. ContinuousMarkovProcess[..., g] represents a Markov process transition rate matrix from the graph g.
- [ContinuousTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuousTask.en.md): ContinuousTask[expr] represents a task in which expr is continuously reevaluated. ContinuousTask[expr, end] represents a task in which expr is continuously reevaluated until the time specified by end. ContinuousTask[expr, tspan] represents a task in which expr is continuously reevaluated over the time span tspan.
- [ContinuousTimeModelQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuousTimeModelQ.en.md): ContinuousTimeModelQ[lsys] gives True if lsys is a continuous-time systems model, and False otherwise.
- [ContinuousWaveletData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuousWaveletData.en.md): ContinuousWaveletData[{{oct1, voc1} -> coef1, ...}, wave] yields a continuous wavelet data object with wavelet coefficients coefi corresponding to octave and voice {octi, voci} and wavelet wave.
- [ContinuousWaveletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuousWaveletTransform.en.md): ContinuousWaveletTransform[{x1, x2, ...}] gives the continuous wavelet transform of a list of values xi. ContinuousWaveletTransform[data, wave] gives the continuous wavelet transform using the wavelet wave. ContinuousWaveletTransform[data, wave, {noct, nvoc}] gives the continuous wavelet transform using noct octaves with nvoc voices per octave. ContinuousWaveletTransform[sound, ...] gives the continuous wavelet transform of sampled sound.
- [ContourDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourDetect.en.md): ContourDetect[image] gives a binary image in which white pixels correspond to the zeros and zero crossings in image. ContourDetect[image, delta] treats values in image that are smaller in absolute value than delta as zero. ContourDetect[array, ...] gives a binary sparse array in which 1 corresponds to zeros and zero crossings in array.
- [ContourGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourGraphics.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ContourGraphics has been superseded by GraphicsComplex and related functionality.
- [ContourIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourIntegrate.en.md): ContourIntegrate[f, z \\[Element] cont] gives the integral of f along the contour defined by cont in the complex plane.
- [ContourLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourLabels.en.md): ContourLabels is an option for contour plots that specifies how to label contours.
- [ContourLevels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourLevels.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), ContourLevels has been superseded by Contours.
- [ContourLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourLines.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ContourLines has been superseded by settings for ContourStyle.
- [ContourPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourPlot3D.en.md): ContourPlot3D[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] produces a three-dimensional contour plot of f as a function of x, y, and z. ContourPlot3D[f == g, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots the contour surface for which f = g. ContourPlot3D[..., {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y, z} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [ContourPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourPlot.en.md): ContourPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a contour plot of f as a function of x and y. ContourPlot[f == g, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] plots contour lines for which f = g. ContourPlot[{f1 == g1, f2 == g2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] plots several contour lines. ContourPlot[..., {x, y} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [Contours](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Contours.en.md): Contours is an option for contour plots that specifies the contours to draw.
- [ContourShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourShading.en.md): ContourShading is an option for contour plots that specifies how the regions between contour lines should be shaded.
- [ContourSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourSpacing.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), ContourSpacing has been superseded by Contours.
- [ContourStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourStyle.en.md): ContourStyle is an option for contour plots that specifies the style in which contour lines or surfaces should be drawn.
- [ContraharmonicMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContraharmonicMean.en.md): ContraharmonicMean[list] gives the contraharmonic mean of the values in list. ContraharmonicMean[list, p] gives the order p Lehmer contraharmonic mean.
- [ContrastiveLossLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContrastiveLossLayer.en.md): ContrastiveLossLayer[] represents a loss layer that computes a loss based on a distance metric and a target that specifies whether the distance should be minimized or maximized. ContrastiveLossLayer[margin] specifies a distance above which the loss is zero for True targets.
- [ControlActive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControlActive.en.md): ControlActive[act, norm] evaluates to act if a control that affects act is actively being used, and to norm otherwise.
- [Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Control.en.md): Control[{u, dom}] represents an interactive control for the variable u in the domain dom, with the type of control chosen to be appropriate for the domain specified. Control[{{u, uinit}, dom}] represents a control with initial value uinit.
- [ControllabilityGramian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllabilityGramian.en.md): ControllabilityGramian[ssm] gives the controllability Gramian of the state-space model ssm.
- [ControllabilityMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllabilityMatrix.en.md): ControllabilityMatrix[ssm] gives the controllability matrix of the state-space model ssm.
- [ControllableDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllableDecomposition.en.md): ControllableDecomposition[sys] yields the controllable subsystem of the state-space model sys. ControllableDecomposition[sys, {z1, ...}] specifies the new state variables zi.
- [ControllableModelQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllableModelQ.en.md): ControllableModelQ[sys] yields True if the state-space model sys is controllable, and False otherwise. ControllableModelQ[{sys, sub}] yields True if the subsystem sub is controllable.
- [ControllerInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllerInformation.en.md): ControllerInformation[] gives dynamically updated information on currently connected controller devices.
- [ControllerLinking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllerLinking.en.md): ControllerLinking is an option for Manipulate, Graphics3D, Plot3D, and related functions that specifies whether to allow interactive control by external controllers.
- [ControllerManipulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllerManipulate.en.md): ControllerManipulate[expr, {u, umin, umax}] generates a version of expr set up to allow interactive manipulation of the value of u using an external controller device. ControllerManipulate[expr, {u, umin, umax, du}] allows the value of u to vary between umin and umax in steps du. ControllerManipulate[expr, {{u, uinit}, umin, umax, ...}] takes the initial value of u to be uinit. ControllerManipulate[expr, {u, {u1, u2, ...}}] allows u to take on discrete values u1, u2, .... ...
- [ControllerMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllerMethod.en.md): ControllerMethod is an option for Manipulate, Graphics3D, Plot3D, and related functions that specifies the default way that controls on an external controller device should apply.
- [ControllerPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllerPath.en.md): ControllerPath is an option that gives a list of external controllers or classes of controllers to try for functions such as ControllerState, Manipulate, and Graphics3D.
- [ControllerState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControllerState.en.md): ControllerState[c] gives the state of the control c for the first connected controller device on which it is supported. ControllerState[{SubscriptBox[c, 1], SubscriptBox[c, 2], ...}] gives the states of several controls. ControllerState[id,  c] gives the state of control c for controller devices with the specified identifier. ControllerState[id, {SubscriptBox[c, 1], SubscriptBox[c, 2], ...}] gives the states of several controls for several controller devices.
- [ControlPlacement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControlPlacement.en.md): ControlPlacement is an option for Manipulate, TabView, and other control objects that specifies where controls should be placed.
- [ControlsRendering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControlsRendering.en.md): ControlsRendering is a Style option that specifies how controls should be rendered.
- [ControlType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ControlType.en.md): ControlType is an option for Manipulate and related functions that specifies what type of controls should be displayed.
- [ConvectionPDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvectionPDETerm.en.md): ConvectionPDETerm[vars, \\[Beta]] represents a convection term \\[Beta]\\[CenterDot]\\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u with convection coefficient \\[Beta] and model variables vars. ConvectionPDETerm[vars, \\[Beta], pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [Convergents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Convergents.en.md): Convergents[list] gives a list of the convergents corresponding to the continued fraction terms list. Convergents[x, n] gives the first n convergents for a number x. Convergents[x] gives if possible all convergents leading to the number x.
- [ConversionOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConversionOptions.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ConversionOptions is superseded by capabilities in Import and Export.
- [ConversionRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConversionRules.en.md): ConversionRules is an option for Cell that can be set to a list of rules specifying how the contents of the cell are to be converted to external formats.
- [ConvexHullMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvexHullMesh.en.md): ConvexHullMesh[{p1, p2, ...}] gives a BoundaryMeshRegion representing the convex hull from the points p1, p2, .... ConvexHullMesh[mreg] gives the convex hull of the mesh region mreg.
- [ConvexHullRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvexHullRegion.en.md): ConvexHullRegion[{p1, p2, ...}] gives the convex hull from the points p1, p2, .... ConvexHullRegion[reg] gives the convex hull of the region reg.
- [ConvexOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvexOptimization.en.md): ConvexOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the convex objective function f subject to convex constraints cons. ConvexOptimization[...,  prop] specifies what solution property  prop should be returned.
- [ConvexPolygonQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvexPolygonQ.en.md): ConvexPolygonQ[poly] gives True if the polygon poly is convex, and False otherwise.
- [ConvexPolyhedronQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvexPolyhedronQ.en.md): ConvexPolyhedronQ[poly] gives True if the polyhedron poly is convex, and False otherwise.
- [ConvexRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvexRegionQ.en.md): ConvexRegionQ[reg] gives True if reg is a convex region and False otherwise.
- [ConvolutionLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConvolutionLayer.en.md): ConvolutionLayer[n, s] represents a trainable convolutional net layer having n output channels and using kernels of size s to compute the convolution. ConvolutionLayer[n, {s}] represents a layer performing one-dimensional convolutions with kernels of size s. ConvolutionLayer[n, {h, w}] represents a layer performing two-dimensional convolutions with kernels of size h*w. ConvolutionLayer[n, {h, w, d}] represents a three-dimensional convolutions with kernels of size h*w*d. ConvolutionLayer[n, ...
- [Convolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Convolve.en.md): Convolve[f, g, x, y] gives the convolution with respect to x of the expressions f and g. Convolve[f, g, {x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}] gives the multidimensional convolution.
- [ConwayGroupCo1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConwayGroupCo1.en.md): ConwayGroupCo1[] represents the sporadic simple Conway group Co1.
- [ConwayGroupCo2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConwayGroupCo2.en.md): ConwayGroupCo2[] represents the sporadic simple Conway group Co2.
- [ConwayGroupCo3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConwayGroupCo3.en.md): ConwayGroupCo3[] represents the sporadic simple Conway group Co3.
- [CookieFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CookieFunction.en.md): CookieFunction is an option for URLRead, HTTPRequest, and related functions that gives a function to apply to each cookie received when an HTTP response is received.
- [CoordinateBoundingBoxArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateBoundingBoxArray.en.md): CoordinateBoundingBoxArray[{{xmin, ymin, ...}, {xmax, ymax, ...}}] generates an array of {x, y, ...} coordinates with integer steps in each dimension. CoordinateBoundingBoxArray[{min, max}, d] uses step d in each dimension. CoordinateBoundingBoxArray[{min, max}, {dx, dy, ...}] uses steps dx, dy, ... in successive dimensions. CoordinateBoundingBoxArray[{min, max}, Into[n]] divides into n equal steps in each dimension. CoordinateBoundingBoxArray[{min, max}, steps, offsets] specifies offsets to ...
- [CoordinateBoundingBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateBoundingBox.en.md): CoordinateBoundingBox[coords] gives the corners {{xmin, ymin, ...}, {xmax, ymax, ...}} of the bounding box of the region defined by coords. CoordinateBoundingBox[coords, \\[Delta]] pads the region by \\[Delta] in each direction. CoordinateBoundingBox[coords, Scaled[s]] pads by the scaled amount s in each direction. CoordinateBoundingBox[coords, {p1, p2, ...}] pads by p1, p2, ... in successive dimensions. CoordinateBoundingBox[coords, {{p 1 min, p 1 max}, {p 2 min, p 2 max}, ...}] gives {{xmin ...
- [CoordinateBoundsArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateBoundsArray.en.md): CoordinateBoundsArray[{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}] generates an array of {x, y, ...} coordinates with integer steps in each dimension. CoordinateBoundsArray[{xrange, yrange, ...}, d] uses step d in each dimension. CoordinateBoundsArray[{xrange, yrange, ...}, {dx, dy, ...}] uses steps dx, dy, ... in successive dimensions. CoordinateBoundsArray[{xrange, yrange, ...}, Into[n]] divides into n equal steps in each dimension. CoordinateBoundsArray[{xrange, yrange, ...}, steps, offsets] ...
- [CoordinateBounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateBounds.en.md): CoordinateBounds[coords] gives a list {{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...} of the bounds in each dimension of the region defined by coords. CoordinateBounds[coords, \\[Delta]] pads the ranges of coordinates by \\[PlusMinus]\\[Delta] in each dimension. CoordinateBounds[coords, Scaled[s]] pads by the scaled amount s in each dimension. CoordinateBounds[coords, {p1, p2, ...}] pads by p1, p2, ... in successive dimensions. CoordinateBounds[coords, {{p 1 min, p 1 max}, {p 2 min, p 2 max}, ...}] gives ...
- [CoordinateChartData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateChartData.en.md): CoordinateChartData[chart, property] gives the value of the specified property for chart. CoordinateChartData[chart, property, {x1, x2, ..., xn}] gives the value of the specified property for chart evaluated at the point {x1, x2, ..., xn}.
- [CoordinatesToolOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinatesToolOptions.en.md): CoordinatesToolOptions is an option for Graphics that gives values of options associated with the Get Coordinates tool.
- [CoordinateTransformData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateTransformData.en.md): CoordinateTransformData[t, property] gives the value of the specified property for the coordinate transformation t. CoordinateTransformData[t, property, {x1, x2, ..., xn}] gives the value of the property evaluated at the point {x1, x2, ..., xn}.
- [CoordinateTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinateTransform.en.md): CoordinateTransform[t, pt] performs the coordinate transformation t on the point pt. CoordinateTransform[t, {pt1, pt2, ...}] transforms several points.
- [CoplanarPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoplanarPoints.en.md): CoplanarPoints[{p1, p2, p3, p4, ..., pn}] tests whether the points p1, p2, p3, p4, ..., pn are coplanar.
- [CoprimeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoprimeQ.en.md): CoprimeQ[n1, n2] yields True if n1 and n2 are relatively prime, and yields False otherwise. CoprimeQ[n1, n2, ...] yields True if all pairs of the ni are relatively prime, and yields False otherwise.
- [Coproduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Coproduct.en.md): Coproduct[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Coproduct]y\\[Coproduct]....
- [CopulaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CopulaDistribution.en.md): CopulaDistribution[ker, {dist1, dist2, ...}] represents a copula distribution with kernel distribution ker and marginal distributions dist1, dist2, ... .
- [Copyable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Copyable.en.md): Copyable is an option for Cell that specifies whether a cell can be copied interactively using the front end.
- [CopyDatabin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CopyDatabin.en.md): CopyDatabin[bin] creates a copy of a databin. CopyDatabin[bin, options] creates a copy with the specified options.
- [CopyDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CopyDirectory.en.md): CopyDirectory[SubscriptBox[dir, 1], SubscriptBox[dir, 2]] copies the directory dir1 to dir2.
- [CopyFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CopyFile.en.md): CopyFile[file1, file2] copies from the local, remote or cloud file file1 to the local, remote or cloud file file2.
- [CopyFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CopyFunction.en.md): CopyFunction is an option for TemplateBox that specifies how the box is to be copied.
- [CopyToClipboard                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    ```](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CopyToClipboard.en.md): CopyToClipboard[expr] replaces the contents of the clipboard with expr.                                                                                                                                                                                           * [`Paste`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Paste.en.md)
- [CoreNilpotentDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoreNilpotentDecomposition.en.md): CoreNilpotentDecomposition[m] yields the core-nilpotent decomposition of a square matrix m. CoreNilpotentDecomposition[m, format] returns the core-nilpotent decomposition according to the specified format.
- [CornerFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CornerFilter.en.md): CornerFilter[image] computes a measure for the presence of a corner for each pixel in image and returns the result as an intensity image. CornerFilter[image, r] detects corners at a pixel range r.
- [CornerNeighbors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CornerNeighbors.en.md): CornerNeighbors is an option for various array and image processing functions that specifies whether diagonally adjacent corners should be considered neighbors of particular elements.
- [CorrelationDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CorrelationDistance.en.md): CorrelationDistance[u, v] gives the correlation coefficient distance between vectors u and v.
- [Correlation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Correlation.en.md): Correlation[v, w] gives the correlation between the vectors v and w. Correlation[a, b] gives the cross-correlation matrix for the matrices a and b. Correlation[a] gives the auto-correlation matrix for observations in matrix a. Correlation[dist] gives the correlation matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. Correlation[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th correlation for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist.
- [CorrelationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CorrelationFunction.en.md): CorrelationFunction[data, hspec] estimates the correlation function at lags hspec from data. CorrelationFunction[proc, hspec] represents the correlation function at lags hspec for the random process proc. CorrelationFunction[proc, s, t] represents the correlation function at times s and t for the random process proc.
- [CorrelationTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CorrelationTest.en.md): CorrelationTest[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] tests whether the correlation coefficient for a bivariate population is zero. CorrelationTest[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, \\[Rho]0] tests whether the correlation coefficient is \\[Rho]0. CorrelationTest[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, {{u1, v1}, {u2, v2}, ...}] tests whether the correlation coefficients for two populations are equal. CorrelationTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [CosDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CosDegrees.en.md): CosDegrees[\\[Theta]] gives the cosine of \\[Theta] degrees.
- [Cos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cos.en.md): Cos[z] gives the cosine of z.
- [Cosh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cosh.en.md): Cosh[z] gives the hyperbolic cosine of z.
- [CoshIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoshIntegral.en.md): CoshIntegral[z] gives the hyperbolic cosine integral CoshIntegral[z].
- [CosineDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CosineDistance.en.md): CosineDistance[u, v] gives the angular cosine distance between vectors u and v.
- [CosineWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CosineWindow.en.md): CosineWindow[x] represents a cosine window function of x. CosineWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the exponent \\[Alpha].
- [CosIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CosIntegral.en.md): CosIntegral[z] gives the cosine integral function CosIntegral[z].
- [CotDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CotDegrees.en.md): CotDegrees[\\[Theta]] gives the cotangent of \\[Theta] degrees.
- [Cot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cot.en.md): Cot[z] gives the cotangent of z.
- [Coth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Coth.en.md): Coth[z] gives the hyperbolic cotangent of z.
- [CoulombF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoulombF.en.md): CoulombF[l, \\[Eta], r] gives the regular Coulomb wavefunction CoulombF[l,\\[Eta],r].
- [CoulombG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoulombG.en.md): CoulombG[l, \\[Eta], r] gives the irregular Coulomb wavefunction CoulombG[l,\\[Eta],r].
- [CoulombH1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoulombH1.en.md): CoulombH1[l, \\[Eta], r] gives the outgoing irregular Coulomb wavefunction CoulombH1[l,\\[Eta],r].
- [CoulombH2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoulombH2.en.md): CoulombH2[l, \\[Eta], r] gives the incoming irregular Coulomb wavefunction CoulombH2[l,\\[Eta],r].
- [CountDistinctBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CountDistinctBy.en.md): CountDistinctBy[{e1, e2, ...}, f] gives the number of distinct values of f[ei] that occur. CountDistinctBy[f] represents an operator form of CountDistinctBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [CountDistinct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CountDistinct.en.md): CountDistinct[list] gives the number of distinct elements that appear in list. CountDistinct[list, test] applies test to pairs of elements to determine whether they should be considered equivalent.
- [Count](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Count.en.md): Count[list, pattern] gives the number of elements in list that match pattern. Count[expr, pattern, levelspec] gives the total number of subexpressions matching pattern that appear at the levels in expr specified by levelspec. Count[pattern] represents an operator form of Count that can be applied to an expression.
- [CounterAssignments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CounterAssignments.en.md): CounterAssignments is an option for selections that sets the value of a specified counter.
- [CounterFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CounterFunction.en.md): CounterFunction is an option for counters that specifies the symbols used to display the value of the counter.
- [CounterIncrements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CounterIncrements.en.md): CounterIncrements is an option for selections that specifies whether the value of a specified counter is incremented by one.
- [CounterStyleMenuListing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CounterStyleMenuListing.en.md): CounterStyleMenuListing is an option for cells that specifies what counter styles are listed in the Counter popup menu of the Create Automatic Numbering Object dialog box.
- [CountRoots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CountRoots.en.md): CountRoots[f, x] gives the number of real roots of the univariate function f in x. CountRoots[f, {x, a, b}] gives the number of roots between a and b.
- [CountryData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CountryData.en.md): CountryData[tag, property] gives the value of the specified property for the country, country-like entity, or group of countries specified by  tag. CountryData[tag, {property, ..., dates}] gives time series for certain economic and other properties.
- [CountsBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CountsBy.en.md): CountsBy[{e1, e2, ...}, f] gives an association whose keys are the distinct values of the f[ei], and whose values give the number of times these f[ei] values appear. CountsBy[f] represents an operator form of CountsBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [Counts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Counts.en.md): Counts[list] gives an association whose keys are the distinct elements of list, and whose values give the number of times those elements appear in list. Counts[list, elems] gives an association whose keys are the distinct elements in elems, and whose values give the number of times those elements appear in list.
- [Covariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Covariance.en.md): Covariance[v, w] gives the covariance between the vectors v and w. Covariance[a, b] gives the cross-covariance matrix for the matrices a and b. Covariance[a] gives the auto-covariance matrix for observations in matrix a. Covariance[dist] gives the auto-covariance matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. Covariance[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th covariance for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist.
- [CovarianceEstimatorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CovarianceEstimatorFunction.en.md): CovarianceEstimatorFunction is an option for generalized linear model fitting functions that specifies the estimator for the parameter covariance matrix.
- [CovarianceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CovarianceFunction.en.md): CovarianceFunction[data, hspec] estimates the covariance function at lags hspec from data. CovarianceFunction[proc, hspec] represents the covariance function at lags hspec for the random process proc. CovarianceFunction[proc, s, t] represents the covariance function at times s and t for the random process proc.
- [CoxianDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoxianDistribution.en.md): CoxianDistribution[{\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha] m - 1}, {\\[Lambda]1, ..., \\[Lambda]m}] represent an m-phase Coxian distribution with phase probabilities \\[Alpha]i and rates \\[Lambda]i.
- [CoxIngersollRossProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoxIngersollRossProcess.en.md): CoxIngersollRossProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Theta], x0] represents a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process with long-term mean \\[Mu], volatility \\[Sigma], speed of adjustment \\[Theta], and initial condition x0.
- [CoxModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoxModel.en.md): CoxModel[...] represents the symbolic proportional hazards model obtained from CoxModelFit.
- [CoxModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoxModelFit.en.md): CoxModelFit[{e1, ..., en}] constructs a model of the baseline hazard h0(t) for events times ei. CoxModelFit[{{{\\[Xi]11, ..., \\[Xi] 1 p}, ..., {\\[Xi] \\ n\\[ThinSpace]1, ..., \\[Xi]np}}, {e1, ..., en}}, {f1, ..., fm}, {x1, ..., xp}] constructs a Cox model of the form h0(t) exp(\\[Beta]1 f1 + ... + \\[Beta]m fm), where the fi depend on the xk.
- [CramerVonMisesTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CramerVonMisesTest.en.md): CramerVonMisesTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Cramér-von Mises test. CramerVonMisesTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist using the Cramér-von Mises test. CramerVonMisesTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [CreateArchive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateArchive.en.md): CreateArchive[source] creates a compressed archive in the current directory from source. CreateArchive[source, path] creates a compressed archive in the directory or file specified by path.
- [CreateCellID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateCellID.en.md): CreateCellID is an option for Notebook that specifies whether to assign a CellID to cells created in the notebook.
- [CreateChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateChannel.en.md): CreateChannel[] creates a new channel for channel communication, with a generated name. CreateChannel[path] creates a channel with the specified path relative to the home area of the currently authenticated user. CreateChannel[object] creates a channel based on the given ChannelObject specification.
- [CreateCloudExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateCloudExpression.en.md): CreateCloudExpression[value] creates a new anonymous cloud expression that stores the specified initial value. CreateCloudExpression[value,  name] creates a new cloud expression with the specified name.
- [CreateCompilerEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateCompilerEnvironment.en.md): CreateCompilerEnvironment[] creates a compiler environment that can be used in FunctionCompile and related functions.
- [CreateDatabin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateDatabin.en.md): CreateDatabin[] creates a databin in the Wolfram Data Drop and returns the corresponding Databin object. CreateDatabin[options] creates a databin with the specified options.
- [CreateDataStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateDataStructure.en.md): CreateDataStructure[type, arg1, arg2, ...] creates a data structure with the specified type.
- [CreateDataSystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateDataSystemModel.en.md): CreateDataSystemModel[{v1, v2, ...}] creates a SystemModel generating a signal of values vi. CreateDataSystemModel[{{t1, v1}, ...}] creates a model for the time-value pairs {ti, vi}. CreateDataSystemModel[obj] creates a model for the TimeSeries or InterpolatingFunction obj. CreateDataSystemModel[fun, tmin, tmax] creates a model with samples from the function fun between tmin and tmax. CreateDataSystemModel[data, dspec] creates a model with data specification dspec.
- [CreateDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateDialog.en.md): CreateDialog[expr] creates a dialog notebook containing expr and opens it in the front end. CreateDialog[expr, obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.
- [CreateDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateDirectory.en.md): CreateDirectory[dir] creates a directory with name dir. CreateDirectory[] creates a directory in the default area for temporary directories on your computer system.
- [CreateDocument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateDocument.en.md): CreateDocument[] creates an empty document notebook and opens it in the front end. CreateDocument[expr] creates and opens a document notebook containing the expression expr. CreateDocument[{expr1, expr2, ...}] creates and opens a document notebook consisting of a sequence of cells containing the expri. CreateDocument[expr, obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.
- [CreateFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateFile.en.md): CreateFile[file] creates a file with name file. CreateFile[] creates a file in the default area for temporary files on your computer system.
- [CreateForeignCallback](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateForeignCallback.en.md): CreateForeignCallback[f, type] creates a foreign callback with the specified type that can be called from external libraries.
- [CreateIntermediateDirectories](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateIntermediateDirectories.en.md): CreateIntermediateDirectories is an option for CreateDirectory and related functions that specifies whether to create intermediate directories in a directory path specified.
- [CreateLicenseEntitlement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateLicenseEntitlement.en.md): CreateLicenseEntitlement[settings] creates an on-demand license entitlement using settings. CreateLicenseEntitlement[] creates an on-demand license entitlement using the default settings.
- [CreateManagedLibraryExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateManagedLibraryExpression.en.md): CreateManagedLibraryExpression[mname, f] creates a managed library expression by applying f to a positive integer ID associated with a registered manager with name mname.
- [CreateManagedObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateManagedObject.en.md): CreateManagedObject[expr, f] creates a managed object that evaluates f[expr] when it is no longer referenced.
- [CreateNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateNotebook.en.md): CreateNotebook[] creates a generic empty notebook and opens it in the front end. CreateNotebook[type] creates an empty notebook of the specified type and opens it in the front end. CreateNotebook[type, obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj by a version converted to be of the specified type.
- [CreatePacletArchive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreatePacletArchive.en.md): CreatePacletArchive[source] creates a paclet archive file from source. CreatePacletArchive[source, destdir] creates a paclet archive file from source and places it in destdir.
- [CreatePalette](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreatePalette.en.md): CreatePalette[expr] creates a palette notebook containing expr, and opens it in the front end. CreatePalette[{expr1, expr2, ...}] creates and opens a palette notebook consisting of a sequence of cells containing the expri. CreatePalette[expr, obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.
- [CreatePermissionsGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreatePermissionsGroup.en.md): CreatePermissionsGroup[name] creates a permissions group with the specified name. CreatePermissionsGroup[name, {user1, user2, ...}] creates a permissions group consisting of the specified initial users.
- [CreateScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateScheduledTask.en.md): CreateScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of SessionSubmit, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [CreateSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateSearchIndex.en.md): CreateSearchIndex[dir] creates a search index from all files in the directory dir and its subdirectories. CreateSearchIndex[{source1, source2, ...}] creates a search index from all sources sourcei. CreateSearchIndex[sources,  name] gives the search index the specified name. CreateSearchIndex[] creates an empty search index, which can be added to with AddToSearchIndex.
- [CreateSemanticSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateSemanticSearchIndex.en.md): CreateSemanticSearchIndex[source] creates a search index from the data in source. CreateSemanticSearchIndex[{source 1, ...}] creates a search index with a collection of sources sourcei. CreateSemanticSearchIndex[{source1 -> val1, ...}] associates the source sourcei to the value vali. CreateSemanticSearchIndex[data,  name] gives the search index the specified name.
- [CreateSystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateSystemModel.en.md): CreateSystemModel[sys] creates a Modelica SystemModel from the systems model sys. CreateSystemModel[eqns, t] creates a model for the system equations eqns with independent variable t. CreateSystemModel[..., tspec] creates a model with type specification tspec for variables and parameters. CreateSystemModel[..., spec] creates a model with spec for parameter values, initial values and model relations.
- [CreateTemporary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateTemporary.en.md): As of Version 10.4, CreateTemporary has been superseded by CreateFile.
- [CreateTypeInstance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateTypeInstance.en.md): CreateTypeInstance[type, arg1, arg2, ...] creates an instance of a type in compiled code. CreateTypeInstance[productType, <|field1 -> x1, field2 -> x2, ...|>] creates an instance of a product type and initializes its fields.
- [CreateUUID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateUUID.en.md): CreateUUID[] creates a random, universally unique UUID string. CreateUUID[base] appends a UUID string to the specified base string.
- [CreateVectorDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateVectorDatabase.en.md): CreateVectorDatabase[] creates a new empty vector database. CreateVectorDatabase[{vec1, ...}] initializes the database with the collection of vectors veci. CreateVectorDatabase[{vec1, ...} -> {val1, ...}] associates the value vali to the vector veci. CreateVectorDatabase[data, name] gives the vector database the specified name.
- [CreateWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreateWindow.en.md): CreateWindow[] creates an empty window in the front end. CreateWindow[expr] creates a window displaying the notebook expression expr, and opens it in the front end. CreateWindow[expr, obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with the one obtained from expr.
- [CreditConstraint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CreditConstraint.en.md): CreditConstraint is an option that specifies the maximum number of Service Credits to spend doing a particular operation
- [CriterionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CriterionFunction.en.md): CriterionFunction is an option in functions such as ClusterClassify that specifies the criterion to use to select a method.
- [CriticalityFailureImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CriticalityFailureImportance.en.md): CriticalityFailureImportance[rdist, t] gives the criticality failure importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. CriticalityFailureImportance[fdist, t] gives the criticality failure importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [CriticalitySuccessImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CriticalitySuccessImportance.en.md): CriticalitySuccessImportance[rdist, t] gives the criticality success importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. CriticalitySuccessImportance[fdist, t] gives the criticality success importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [CriticalSection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CriticalSection.en.md): CriticalSection[var, expr] acquires the lock var for parallel computation, evaluates expr, then releases the lock var. CriticalSection[{var1, var2, ...}, expr] locks all variables vari simultaneously.
- [Cross                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           	{{If[cros > 0, Style[acute or obtuse angle, RGBColor[0.98, 0.56, 0.17]], Style[reflex angle, RGBColor[0.4, 0.6, 1]]], Norm[                     	{{showPar, True, show parallelogram}, {True, False}}, ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cross.en.md): Cross[a, b] gives the vector cross product of a and ...
- [CrossEntropyLossLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossEntropyLossLayer.en.md): CrossEntropyLossLayer[Index] represents a net layer that computes the cross-entropy loss by comparing input class probability vectors with indices representing the target class. CrossEntropyLossLayer[Probabilities] represents a net layer that computes the cross-entropy loss by comparing input class probability vectors with target class probability vectors. CrossEntropyLossLayer[Binary] represents a net layer that computes the binary cross-entropy loss by comparing input probability scalars ...
- [CrossingCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossingCount.en.md): CrossingCount[contour, p] gives a count of the number of times a ray starting from the point p crosses the closed curve contour.
- [CrossingDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossingDetect.en.md): CrossingDetect[image] gives a binary image in which white pixels correspond to the zero crossings in image. CrossingDetect[image, delta] treats values in image that are smaller in absolute value than delta as zero. CrossingDetect[array, ...] gives a binary sparse array in which 1 corresponds to zero crossings in array.
- [CrossingPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossingPolygon.en.md): CrossingPolygon[{p1, p2, ..., pn}] gives a Polygon representing all points for which a ray from the point in any direction in the plane crosses the line segments {p1, p2}, ..., {p n - 1, pn}, {pn, p1} an odd number of times. CrossingPolygon[{{p11, p12, ...}, {p21, p22, ...}, ...}] gives a Polygon from the line segments {p11, p12}, ..., {p21, p22}, ....
- [CrossMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossMatrix.en.md): CrossMatrix[r] gives a matrix whose elements are 1 in a centered cross-shaped region that extends r positions along each index direction, and are 0 otherwise. CrossMatrix[r, w] gives a w*w matrix containing a cross-shaped region of 1s. CrossMatrix[{r1, r2, ...}, ...] yields an array whose elements are 1 in a centered cross-shaped region that extends ri positions in the i^th index direction.
- [CscDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CscDegrees.en.md): CscDegrees[\\[Theta]] gives the cosecant of \\[Theta] degrees.
- [Csc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Csc.en.md): Csc[z] gives the cosecant of z.
- [Csch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Csch.en.md): Csch[z] gives the hyperbolic cosecant of z.
- [CSGRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CSGRegion.en.md): CSGRegion[{reg1, reg2, ...}] represents the solid region corresponding to the union of solid regions reg1, reg2, .... CSGRegion[op, {reg1, reg2, ...}] represents the solid region corresponding to the Boolean combination op of regions reg1, reg2, .... CSGRegion[op, {..., wi[regi], ...}] represents the solid region defined by regions regi transformed by a geometric transformation wi.
- [CSGRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CSGRegionQ.en.md): CSGRegionQ[reg] yields True if the region reg is a valid CSGRegion object and False otherwise.
- [CSGRegionTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CSGRegionTree.en.md): CSGRegionTree[reg] gives the tree expression representing the CSG region reg.
- [CTCLossLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CTCLossLayer.en.md): CTCLossLayer[] represents a net layer that computes the connectionist temporal classification loss by comparing a sequence of class probability vectors with a sequence of indices representing the target classes.
- [Cube](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cube.en.md): Cube[] represents a regular cube centered at the origin with unit edge length. Cube[l] represents a cube with edge length l. Cube[{\\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] represents a cube rotated by an angle \\[Theta] with respect to the z axis and angle \\[Phi] with respect to the y axis. Cube[{x, y, z}, ...] represents a cube centered at {x, y, z}.
- [CubeRoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CubeRoot.en.md): CubeRoot[x] gives the real-valued cube root of x.
- [Cubics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cubics.en.md): Cubics is an option for functions that involve solving algebraic equations, that specifies whether explicit forms for solutions to cubic equations should be given.
- [Cuboid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cuboid.en.md): Cuboid[pmin] represents a unit hypercube with its lower corner at pmin. Cuboid[pmin, pmax] represents an axis-aligned filled cuboid with lower corner pmin and upper corner pmax.
- [Cumulant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cumulant.en.md): Cumulant[data, r] gives the r^th cumulant \\[Kappa]r of data. Cumulant[data, {r1, ..., rm} ] gives the multivariate cumulant of order {r1, ..., rm} \\[Kappa] Subscript[r, 1], ..., Subscript[r, m] of data. Cumulant[dist, r] gives the r^th cumulant of the distribution dist. Cumulant[r] represents the r^th formal cumulant.
- [CumulantGeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CumulantGeneratingFunction.en.md): CumulantGeneratingFunction[dist, t] gives the cumulant-generating function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable t. CumulantGeneratingFunction[dist, {t1, t2, ...}] gives the cumulant-generating function for the multivariate distribution dist as a function of the variables t1, t2, ... .
- [CumulativeFeatureImpactPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CumulativeFeatureImpactPlot.en.md): CumulativeFeatureImpactPlot[model, data] plots the cumulative impact of the value of each feature in data on the result of model. CumulativeFeatureImpactPlot[model] estimates the feature impacts using synthetic data. CumulativeFeatureImpactPlot[model -> fname, ...] plots only the impact of the specified feature fname. CumulativeFeatureImpactPlot[model -> fname -> class, ...] plots only the impact on the classification class.
- [CupCap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CupCap.en.md): CupCap[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[CupCap] y \\[CupCap] ....
- [Cup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cup.en.md): Cup[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Cup]y\\[Cup]....
- [Curl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Curl.en.md): Curl[{f1, f2}, {x1, x2}] gives the curl \\[PartialD]f2/\\[PartialD]x1 - \\[PartialD]f1/\\[PartialD]x2. Curl[{f1, f2, f3}, {x1, x2, x3}] gives the curl (\\[PartialD]f3/\\[PartialD]x2 - \\[PartialD]f2/\\[PartialD]x3, \\ \\[PartialD]f1/\\[PartialD]x3 - \\[PartialD]f3/\\[PartialD]x1, \\ \\[PartialD]f2/\\[PartialD]x1 - \\[PartialD]f1/\\[PartialD]x2). Curl[f, {x 1, ..., x n}] gives the curl of the n*n*...*n array f with respect to the n-dimensional vector {x1, ..., xn}. Curl[f, x, chart] gives the ...
- [CurrencyConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrencyConvert.en.md): CurrencyConvert[quantity, target] attempts to convert the specified currency quantity to the specified target currency. CurrencyConvert[quantity, target, date] converts to the target currency for the historical date specification.
- [CurrentCompiledFunctionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrentCompiledFunctionData.en.md): CurrentCompiledFunctionData[] gives information about the enclosing compiled function. CurrentCompiledFunctionData[prop] gives the value of the property prop for the enclosing compiled function.
- [CurrentDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrentDate.en.md): CurrentDate[gran] gives the current date of the specified granularity type gran. CurrentDate[date, gran] gives the date of the given granularity that includes the specified date. CurrentDate[] gives the instant corresponding to the current date.
- [CurrentImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrentImage.en.md): CurrentImage[] returns the current image captured from a connected camera. CurrentImage[n] returns n sequential image frames as a list.
- [CurrentNotebookImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrentNotebookImage.en.md): CurrentNotebookImage[nb] returns an image captured from the portion of the notebook nb that appears on your screen. CurrentNotebookImage[] returns an image captured from the notebook in which the function is evaluated.
- [CurrentScreenImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrentScreenImage.en.md): CurrentScreenImage[] returns an image captured from all current display screens on your computer. CurrentScreenImage[n] returns an image captured from display screen n. CurrentScreenImage[{{xmin, ymin}, {xmax, ymax}}] returns the specified rectangle from the image of all current display screens.
- [CurrentValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurrentValue.en.md): CurrentValue[item] gives the current value of item at a location in the Wolfram System and interface. CurrentValue[{item, spec}] gives the current value for the feature of item specified by spec. CurrentValue[obj, item] gives the current value of item associated with the object obj. CurrentValue[{obj1, obj2, ...}, item] gives a list of the current values associated with each of the obji.
- [CurryApplied](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurryApplied.en.md): CurryApplied[f, n] represents an operator form of the function f of n arguments so that CurryApplied[f, n][x1] ...[xn] is equivalent to f[x1, ..., xn]. CurryApplied[n] represents an operator form of CurryApplied that can be applied to a function to represent an operator form with n arguments. CurryApplied[f, {i1, ..., in}] represents an operator form of the function f of n arguments so that CurryApplied[f, {i1, ..., in}][x1] ...[xn] is equivalent to f[x Subscript[i, 1], ..., x Subscript[i, ...
- [Curry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Curry.en.md): Curry is being phased out in favor of CurryApplied and OperatorApplied, which were introduced experimentally in Version 12.1.
- [CurvatureFlowFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurvatureFlowFilter.en.md): CurvatureFlowFilter[image] applies a mean curvature flow filter to image. CurvatureFlowFilter[image, t] specifies the amount of curvature flow time t to be applied. CurvatureFlowFilter[image, t, k] applies the curvature flow with a modified conductance term parametrized by k.
- [CurveClosed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CurveClosed.en.md): CurveClosed is an option for JoinedCurve that specifies whether individual curve components should be closed curves.
- [Cyan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cyan.en.md): Cyan represents the color cyan in graphics or style specifications.
- [CycleGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CycleGraph.en.md): CycleGraph[n] gives the cycle graph with n vertices Cn.
- [CycleIndexPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CycleIndexPolynomial.en.md): CycleIndexPolynomial[perm, {x1, ..., xn}] constructs the cycle index monomial of the permutation perm in the variables xi. CycleIndexPolynomial[group, {x1, ..., xn}] constructs the cycle index polynomial of group in the variables xi.
- [Cycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cycles.en.md): Cycles[{cyc1, cyc2, ...}] represents a permutation with disjoint cycles cyci.
- [Cyclic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cyclic.en.md): Cyclic[{x1, ..., xn}] represents a cyclic sequence of elements. The list of elements will be drawn from repeatedly to fill available positions. Cyclic[{x1, ..., xn}][k] extracts the k^th element in the cyclic sequence defined by the xi.
- [CyclicGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CyclicGroup.en.md): CyclicGroup[n] represents the cyclic group of degree n.
- [Cyclotomic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cyclotomic.en.md): Cyclotomic[n, x] gives the n^th cyclotomic polynomial in x.
- [Cylinder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cylinder.en.md): Cylinder[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}}, r] represents a cylinder of radius r around the line from (x1, y1, z1) to (x2, y2, z2). Cylinder[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}}] represents a cylinder of radius 1.
- [CylindricalDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CylindricalDecomposition.en.md): CylindricalDecomposition[expr, {x1, x2, ...}] finds a decomposition of the region represented by the statement expr into cylindrical parts whose directions correspond to the successive xi. CylindricalDecomposition[expr, {x1, x2, ...}, op] finds a decomposition of the result of applying the topological operation op to the region represented by the statement expr. CylindricalDecomposition[expr, {x1, x2, ...}, Function] represents the result as CylindricalDecompositionFunction[...][x1, x2, ...] ...
- [CylindricalDecompositionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CylindricalDecompositionFunction.en.md): CylindricalDecompositionFunction[data][x1, x2, ...] represents a cylindrical algebraic formula in x1, x2, ....
- [DagumDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DagumDistribution.en.md): DagumDistribution[p, a, b] represents a Dagum distribution with shape parameters p and a and scale parameter b.
- [DamData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DamData.en.md): DamData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the dam entity. DamData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified dam entities. DamData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [DamerauLevenshteinDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DamerauLevenshteinDistance.en.md): DamerauLevenshteinDistance[u, v] gives the Damerau-Levenshtein distance between strings, vectors or biomolecular sequences u and v.
- [DarkBlue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkBlue.en.md): DarkBlue represents a dark blue color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkBrown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkBrown.en.md): DarkBrown represents a dark brown color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkCyan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkCyan.en.md): DarkCyan represents a dark cyan color in graphics or style specifications.
- [Darker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Darker.en.md): Darker[color] represents a darker version of the specified color. Darker[color, f] represents a version of the specified color darkened by a fraction f. Darker[image, ...] gives a darker version of an image. Darker[video, ...] gives a version of a video with darker frames.
- [DarkGray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkGray.en.md): DarkGray represents a dark gray color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkGreen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkGreen.en.md): DarkGreen represents a dark green color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkMagenta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkMagenta.en.md): DarkMagenta represents a dark magenta color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkModePane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkModePane.en.md): DarkModePane[expr] displays as a dark mode pane containing expr. DarkModePane[expr, w] makes the pane be w printer's points wide, linewrapping the contents if necessary. DarkModePane[expr, {w, h}] makes the pane be w points wide and h points high, shrinking the contents if necessary.
- [DarkOrange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkOrange.en.md): DarkOrange represents a dark orange color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkPink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkPink.en.md): DarkPink represents a dark pink color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkPurple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkPurple.en.md): DarkPurple represents a dark purple color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkRed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkRed.en.md): DarkRed represents a dark red color in graphics or style specifications.
- [DarkYellow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DarkYellow.en.md): DarkYellow represents a dark yellow color in graphics or style specifications.
- [Dashed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dashed.en.md): Dashed is a graphics directive specifying that lines that follow should be drawn dashed.
- [Dashing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dashing.en.md): Dashing[{r1, r2, ...}] is a two-dimensional graphics directive specifying that lines that follow are to be drawn dashed, with successive segments of lengths r1, r2, ... (repeated cyclically). The ri are given as a fraction of the total width of the graph. Dashing[r] is equivalent to Dashing[{r, r}]. Dashing[{r 1, r 2, ...}, offset] offsets the dashes by offset. Dashing[{r 1, r 2, ...}, offset, capform] sets the CapForm for individual dashes to capform.
- [DatabaseConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabaseConnect.en.md): DatabaseConnect[db] activates a connection to the database db.
- [DatabaseDisconnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabaseDisconnect.en.md): DatabaseDisconnect[db] deactivates a connection to the database db.
- [DatabaseReference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabaseReference.en.md): DatabaseReference[File[filename]] represents a reference to a local file-based SQL database. DatabaseReference[URL[url]] represents a reference to a server-based SQL database. DatabaseReference[assoc] represents a fully specified reference to any SQL database.
- [DatabinAdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabinAdd.en.md): DatabinAdd[bin, data] adds the specified data to a databin.
- [Databin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Databin.en.md): Databin[id] represents a databin in the Wolfram Data Drop. Databin[id, n] represents the first n entries in a databin. Databin[id, -n] represents the most recent n entries in a databin. Databin[id, {m, n}] represents entries m through n in a databin, with negative numbers counting from the end. Databin[id, {m, n, s}] represents entries m through n with step s. Databin[id, time] represents entries going back for the quantity of time specified by time. Databin[id, date] represents the entries in ...
- [DatabinRemove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabinRemove.en.md): As of Version 12.2, DatabinRemove is no longer supported.
- [Databins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Databins.en.md): Databins[] gives a list of databins associated with the currently connected user.
- [DatabinSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabinSubmit.en.md): DatabinSubmit[bin, data] submits the specified data to be added to the databin bin asynchronously.
- [DatabinUpload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatabinUpload.en.md): DatabinUpload[bin, {entry1, entry2, ...}] bulk uploads all the entries entryi to a databin. DatabinUpload[bin, EventSeries[...]] bulk uploads all entries in an event series to a databin.
- [DataConnectionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DataConnectionObject.en.md): DataConnectionObject[assoc] represents data given by the details in assoc.
- [DataDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DataDistribution.en.md): DataDistribution[ddist, ...] represents a probability distribution of type ddist, estimated from a set of data.
- [DataRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DataRange.en.md): DataRange is an option for functions such as ListPlot and ListDensityPlot that specifies what range of actual coordinates the data should be assumed to occupy.
- [DataReversed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DataReversed.en.md): DataReversed is an option for ArrayPlot and related functions that specifies whether data should be plotted in reverse order.
- [Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dataset.en.md): Dataset[data] represents a structured dataset based on a hierarchy of lists and associations.
- [DatasetTheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatasetTheme.en.md): DatasetTheme is an option for Dataset that specifies an overall theme for a dataset and its elements.
- [DataStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DataStructure.en.md): DataStructure[type, data] represents a data structure.
- [DataStructureQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DataStructureQ.en.md): DataStructureQ[ds] gives True if ds is a valid data structure, and False otherwise. DataStructureQ[ds, type] gives True if ds is a valid data structure of the specified type, and False otherwise.
- [DateBounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateBounds.en.md): DateBounds[{date1, date2, ...}] gives the earliest and latest of the datei. DateBounds[obj] gives the start and end dates associated with a given data object obj. DateBounds[obj, gran] gives the endpoints of interval in the specified granularity gran.
- [Dated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dated.en.md): Dated[obj, year] represents the object obj associated with a particular year. Dated[obj, date] represents the object obj associated with a date. Dated[obj, All] represents the object obj for all dates where information is available about it.
- [DateDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateDifference.en.md): DateDifference[date1, date2] gives the number of days from date1 to date2. DateDifference[date1, date2,  unit] gives the difference between date1 and date2 in the specified unit. DateDifference[date1, date2, {SubscriptBox[unit, 1], SubscriptBox[unit, 2], ...}] gives the difference as a list with elements corresponding to the successive SubscriptBox[unit, i].
- [DateDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateDistribution.en.md): DateDistribution[dist, dunit, dorig] represents a distribution dist of dates with date scale unit dunit and date origin dorig.
- [DatedUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatedUnit.en.md): DatedUnit[unit, date] represents the specified unit at a specific date.
- [Date](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Date.en.md): Date has been superseded by DateList since Version 6.0.
- [DateFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateFormat.en.md): DateFormat is an option that determines the date formatting of dates.
- [DateFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateFunction.en.md): DateFunction is an option that specifies how input dates should be interpreted in objects like TimeSeries or EventSeries and date visualization functions like DateListPlot or DateHistogram.
- [DateGranularity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateGranularity.en.md): DateGranularity is an option that determines the calendar granularity of generated dates.
- [DateHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateHistogram.en.md): DateHistogram[{date1, date2, ...}] plots a histogram of the dates datei. DateHistogram[{date1, date2, ...}, bspec] plots a histogram with bin width specification bspec. DateHistogram[{date1, date2, ...}, bspec, hspec] plots a histogram with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec. DateHistogram[{data1, data2, ...}] plots histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [DateInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateInterval.en.md): DateInterval[{start, end}] represents the continuous interval of time between start and end. DateInterval[{start, end}, gran] represents an interval of dates with calendar granularity gran. DateInterval[{{start1, end1}, {start2, end2}, ...}] represents the union of intervals start1 to end1, start2 to end2, .... DateInterval[gdate] gives the date interval from the initial to final instants of the granular date object gdate.
- [DateList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateList.en.md): DateList[] gives the current local date and time in the form {year, month, day, hour, minute, second}. DateList[date] gives a date list corresponding to the given date specification.
- [DateListLogPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateListLogPlot.en.md): DateListLogPlot[{{date1, y1}, {date2, y2}, ...}] makes a log plot with values yi at a sequence of dates. DateListLogPlot[{y1, y2, ...}, datespec] makes a log plot with dates at equal intervals specified by datespec. DateListLogPlot[tseries] plots the time series tseries. DateListLogPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. DateListLogPlot[{..., w[datai], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [DateListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateListPlot.en.md): DateListPlot[{{date1, y1}, {date2, y2}, ..., {daten, yn}}] plots points with values yi at a sequence of dates. DateListPlot[{y1, y2, ..., yn}, datespec] plots points with dates at equal intervals specified by datespec. DateListPlot[tseries] plots the time series tseries. DateListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. DateListPlot[{..., w[datai], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [DateListStepPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateListStepPlot.en.md): DateListStepPlot[{{date1, y1}, {date2, y2}, ...}] plots the values yi in steps at a sequence of dates. DateListStepPlot[{y1, y2, ...}, datespec] plots the values yi in steps with dates at equal intervals specified by datespec. DateListStepPlot[tseries] plots the time series tseries. DateListStepPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. DateListStepPlot[..., step] plots using steps specified by step. DateListStepPlot[{..., w[datai], ...}] plots data datai with features defined by ...
- [DateObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateObject.en.md): DateObject[] gives the current local date. DateObject[date] gives a date object corresponding to the given date specification. DateObject[rdate, gran] gives the date object of calendar granularity gran that includes the reference date rdate.
- [DateObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateObjectQ.en.md): DateObjectQ[expr] gives True if expr is a DateObject with valid arguments, and False otherwise.
- [DateOverlapsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateOverlapsQ.en.md): DateOverlapsQ[date1, date2] returns True if the calendar dates date1 and date2 overlap, and False otherwise.
- [DatePattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatePattern.en.md): DatePattern[{SubscriptBox[e, 1], SubscriptBox[e, 2], ...}] represents the characters of a date with elements of type SubscriptBox[e, i] in StringExpression. DatePattern[{SubscriptBox[e, 1], SubscriptBox[e, 2], ...}, sep] allows separators that match the string expression sep.
- [DatePlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DatePlus.en.md): DatePlus[date, n] gives the date n days after date. DatePlus[date, {n, step}] gives the date n calendar steps after date. DatePlus[date, {{n1, step1}, {n2, step2}, ...}] gives a date offset by ni steps of each specified size. DatePlus[n] gives the date n days after the current date. DatePlus[offset] gives the date with the specified offset from the current date.
- [DateRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateRange.en.md): DateRange[date1, date2] gives all dates in the range from date 1 to date 2. DateRange[date1, date2, increment] gives the dates in the range from date 1 to date 2 that are increment apart.
- [DateReduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateReduction.en.md): DateReduction is an option for DateHistogram that specifies the length for cyclic periods of time.
- [DateScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateScale.en.md): DateScale[] represents the canonical mapping of continuous dates and times to a quantitative scale.
- [DateSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateSelect.en.md): DateSelect[list, crit] picks out all dates datei of a list for which crit[datei] is True. DateSelect[int, crit] returns all dates within the DateInterval int for which crit[datei] is True. DateSelect[crit] represents an operator form of DateSelect that can be applied to an expression.
- [DateString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateString.en.md): DateString[] gives a string representing the complete current local date and time. DateString[date] gives a string corresponding to the given date specification. DateString[{SubscriptBox[elem, 1], SubscriptBox[elem, 2], ...}] concatenates the specified elements in the order given. DateString[date, fmt] gives elements specified by the date format fmt for the date or time specification date.
- [DateTicksFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateTicksFormat.en.md): DateTicksFormat is an option for DateListPlot which specifies how date tick labels should be formatted.
- [DateValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateValue.en.md): DateValue[elem] gives the specified element of the current date and time. DateValue[{SubscriptBox[elem, 1], SubscriptBox[elem, 2], ...}] gives a list of the specified elements of the current date and time. DateValue[date, elem] gives the specified element of the specified date. DateValue[date, elem, form] gives the result in the specified form.
- [DateWithinQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateWithinQ.en.md): DateWithinQ[date1, date2] returns True if the calendar date date2 is entirely contained within date1, and False otherwise.
- [DaubechiesWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DaubechiesWavelet.en.md): DaubechiesWavelet[] represents a Daubechies wavelet of order 2. DaubechiesWavelet[n] represents a Daubechies wavelet of order n.
- [DavisDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DavisDistribution.en.md): DavisDistribution[b, n, \\[Mu]] represents a Davis distribution with scale parameter b, shape parameter n, and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [DawsonF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DawsonF.en.md): DawsonF[z] gives the Dawson integral DawsonF[z].
- [DayCountConvention](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayCountConvention.en.md): DayCountConvention is an option that specifies the day count convention used by DateDifference.
- [DayCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayCount.en.md): DayCount[date1, date2] gives the number of days from date 1 to date 2. DayCount[date1, date2, daytype] gives the number of days of the specified daytype from date 1 to date 2.
- [DayHemisphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayHemisphere.en.md): DayHemisphere[] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the half of the Earth that is currently in daylight. DayHemisphere[datespec] represents the daylight half of the Earth for the specified date.
- [DaylightQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DaylightQ.en.md): DaylightQ[] gives True if it is currently daylight from the user's location. DaylightQ[datespec] gives True if it is daylight from the user's location on the specified datespec. DaylightQ[locationspec] gives True if it is currently daylight from the specified locationspec. DaylightQ[locationspec, datespec] gives True if it is daylight from the specified locationspec on the specified datespec. DaylightQ[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives True if it is daylight from the ...
- [DayMatchQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayMatchQ.en.md): DayMatchQ[date, daytype] returns True if the date matches the daytype specification and returns False otherwise. DayMatchQ[daytype] represents an operator form of DayMatchQ that can be applied to a date.
- [DayName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayName.en.md): DayName[] gives the current day of the week. DayName[date] gives the day of the week for the given date.
- [DayNightTerminator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayNightTerminator.en.md): DayNightTerminator[] is a one-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the separation line between the halves of the Earth currently in daytime and nighttime. DayNightTerminator[datespec] represents the separation line between day and night for the specified date.
- [DayPlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayPlus.en.md): DayPlus[date, n] gives the date n days away from date. DayPlus[date, n, daytype] gives the date that is n days of daytype away from date.
- [DayRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayRange.en.md): DayRange[date1, date2] gives the dates in the range from date 1 to date 2. DayRange[date1, date2, daytype] gives the dates in the range from date 1 to date 2 that are of the specified daytype.
- [DayRound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DayRound.en.md): DayRound[date, daytype] rounds date to the nearest day of daytype, using the next-day rounding convention. DayRound[date, daytype, rounding] rounds date to the nearest day of daytype, using rounding.
- [DeBruijnGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeBruijnGraph.en.md): DeBruijnGraph[m, n] gives the n-dimensional De Bruijn graph with m symbols. DeBruijnGraph[m, n, type] gives the De Bruijn graph with connectivity given by type.
- [DeBruijnSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeBruijnSequence.en.md): DeBruijnSequence[list, n] gives a de Bruijn sequence on the elements in list taken n at a time. DeBruijnSequence[k, n] gives a de Bruijn sequence on the elements 0, ..., k - 1. DeBruijnSequence[string, n] gives a de Bruijn sequence on the characters in  string.
- [Debug](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Debug.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), Debug has been superseded by Trace.
- [Decapitalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Decapitalize.en.md): Decapitalize[string] yields a string in which the first character has been made lowercase.
- [DecimalForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DecimalForm.en.md): DecimalForm[expr] prints with approximate real numbers in expr always given in decimal form, without scientific notation. DecimalForm[expr, n] prints with approximate real numbers given in decimal form to n-digit precision. DecimalForm[expr, {n, f}] prints with approximate real numbers having n digits, with f digits to the right of the decimal point.
- [DecisionTreeModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DecisionTreeModel.en.md): DecisionTreeModel[] represents an untrained decision tree. DecisionTreeModel[hpars] uses the custom hyperparameters hpars. DecisionTreeModel[hpars, vars] use the provided variables vars.
- [DeclareCompiledComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeclareCompiledComponent.en.md): DeclareCompiledComponent[name, decls] adds declarations decls to compiled component name. DeclareCompiledComponent[name, field -> spec] adds the specification spec to the specified field in the compiled component name.
- [DeclarePackage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeclarePackage.en.md): DeclarePackage[context`, {SubscriptBox[name, 1], SubscriptBox[name, 2], ...}] declares that Needs[context`] should automatically be executed if a symbol with any of the specified names is ever used.
- [Decompose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Decompose.en.md): Decompose[poly, x] decomposes a polynomial, if possible, into a composition of simpler polynomials.
- [DeconvolutionLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeconvolutionLayer.en.md): DeconvolutionLayer[n, sz] represents a trainable deconvolutional net layer having n output channels and using kernels of size sz to compute the deconvolution. DeconvolutionLayer[n, {s}] represents a layer performing one-dimensional deconvolutions with kernels of size s. DeconvolutionLayer[n, {h, w}] represents a layer performing two-dimensional deconvolutions with kernels of size h*w. DeconvolutionLayer[n, kernel, opts] includes options for initial kernels and other parameters.
- [Decrement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Decrement.en.md): x-- decreases the value of x by 1, returning the old value of x.
- [Decrypt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Decrypt.en.md): Decrypt[password, enc] attempts to decrypt the encrypted object enc using the specified password. Decrypt[keyspec, enc] attempts to decrypt using the cryptographic key specification keyspec. Decrypt[obj] interactively requests a password with which to try to decrypt obj.
- [DecryptFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DecryptFile.en.md): DecryptFile[password, file] generates a decrypted version of a file, using the specified password. DecryptFile[password, source, target] generates a decrypted version of source, putting the result in target. DecryptFile[keyspec, source, ...] decrypts using the cryptographic key specification keyspec.
- [DedekindEta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DedekindEta.en.md): DedekindEta[\\[Tau]] gives the Dedekind eta modular elliptic function DedekindEta[\\[Tau]].
- [DeepSpaceProbeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeepSpaceProbeData.en.md): DeepSpaceProbeData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the deep space probe entity. DeepSpaceProbeData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified deep space probe entities. DeepSpaceProbeData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [DefaultAxesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultAxesStyle.en.md): DefaultAxesStyle is a low-level option for graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in displaying axes and axes-like constructs.
- [DefaultBaseStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultBaseStyle.en.md): DefaultBaseStyle is a low-level option for formatting and related constructs that specifies a default base style to use before BaseStyle.
- [DefaultBoxStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultBoxStyle.en.md): DefaultBoxStyle is a low-level option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in rendering the bounding box.
- [DefaultButton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultButton.en.md): DefaultButton[] represents an OK button that closes a dialog, and is the default when DynamicBox[ToBoxes[If[$OperatingSystem === MacOSX, Return, Enter], StandardForm], ImageSizeCache->{32.66015625, {0.140625, 7.939453125}}] is pressed in the dialog. DefaultButton[action] represents a button that is labeled OK, and whose action is to evaluate action. DefaultButton[label, action] uses label as the label for the button.
- [DefaultColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultColor.en.md): As of Version 6.0, DefaultColor has been superseded by the more general option BaseStyle.
- [DefaultDiffStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultDiffStyle.en.md): DefaultDiffStyle is a low-level option for Diff and related functions that specifies the default styles to use when viewing changes.
- [DefaultDuplicateCellStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultDuplicateCellStyle.en.md): DefaultDuplicateCellStyle is a notebook option that specifies the default style to use for cells created by automatic duplication of other cells in the notebook.
- [DefaultDuration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultDuration.en.md): DefaultDuration is an option to Animate and related functions that specifies the default total duration of the animation in seconds.
- [DefaultElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultElement.en.md): DefaultElement is an option for Grid and related constructs which specifies what to insert when a new element is interactively created.
- [Default](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Default.en.md): Default[f] gives the default value for arguments of the function f obtained with a _. pattern object. Default[f, i] gives the default value to use when _. appears as the i^th argument of f. Default[f, i, n] gives the default value for the i^th argument out of a total of n arguments. Default[f, ...] = val defines default values for arguments of f.
- [DefaultFaceGridsStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFaceGridsStyle.en.md): DefaultFaceGridsStyle is a low-level option for 3D graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in rendering face grids.
- [DefaultFieldHintStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFieldHintStyle.en.md): DefaultFieldHintStyle is a low-level option for InputField that specifies the default style to use for displaying the field hint.
- [DefaultFont](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFont.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), DefaultFont has been superseded by StyleForm and TextStyle.
- [DefaultFontProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFontProperties.en.md): DefaultFontProperties is a global option that allows overriding properties of specified font families.
- [DefaultFormatType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFormatType.en.md): DefaultFormatType is an option for cells that specifies the format used for displaying expressions in a newly created cell.
- [DefaultFrameStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFrameStyle.en.md): DefaultFrameStyle is a low-level option for graphics and related constructs that specifies the default style to use in displaying their frames.
- [DefaultFrameTicksStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFrameTicksStyle.en.md): DefaultFrameTicksStyle is a low-level option for 2D graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in rendering frame ticks.
- [DefaultGridLinesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultGridLinesStyle.en.md): DefaultGridLinesStyle is a low-level option for 2D graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in rendering grid lines.
- [DefaultInlineFormatType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultInlineFormatType.en.md): DefaultInlineFormatType is an option for cells that specifies the format used for displaying expressions in a newly created inline cell.
- [DefaultLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultLabelStyle.en.md): DefaultLabelStyle is a low-level option for formatting and related constructs that specifies the default style to use in displaying their label-like elements.
- [DefaultMenuStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultMenuStyle.en.md): DefaultMenuStyle is a low-level option for menu-generating constructs that specifies the default style to use for displaying menu items.
- [DefaultNaturalLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultNaturalLanguage.en.md): DefaultNaturalLanguage is an option for character selections that specifies the language used when checking the spelling of a word in a human natural language selection.
- [DefaultNewCellStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultNewCellStyle.en.md): DefaultNewCellStyle is a notebook option which specifies the default style to use for new cells created in the notebook.
- [DefaultNewInlineCellStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultNewInlineCellStyle.en.md): DefaultNewInlineCellStyle is an option for cells that specifies the default style to use for new inline cells created in the notebook.
- [DefaultNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultNotebook.en.md): DefaultNotebook is a global option that specifies which notebook is used as a template for all new notebooks.
- [DefaultOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultOptions.en.md): DefaultOptions is a style option that allows default options to be specified for particular formatting and related constructs.
- [DefaultPrintPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultPrintPrecision.en.md): DefaultPrintPrecision is an option for NumberForm, DecimalForm and related functions that specifies the default number of digits of precision with which to print machine numbers.
- [DefaultStyleDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultStyleDefinitions.en.md): DefaultStyleDefinitions is a global option that specifies the default stylesheet for all new notebooks.
- [DefaultTicksStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultTicksStyle.en.md): DefaultTicksStyle is a low-level option for graphics functions that specifies the default style to use in rendering ticks.
- [DefaultTooltipStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultTooltipStyle.en.md): DefaultTooltipStyle is a low-level option for tooltips that specifies the default style to use in displaying their elements.
- [DefaultValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultValues.en.md): DefaultValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to default values of f. DefaultValues[symbol] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all default values defined for the symbol named  symbol if it exists.
- [Defer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Defer.en.md): Defer[expr] yields an object that displays as the unevaluated form of expr, but that is evaluated if it is explicitly given as Wolfram Language input.
- [DefineInputStreamMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefineInputStreamMethod.en.md): DefineInputStreamMethod[name, {SubscriptBox[fname, 1] -> function1, SubscriptBox[fname, 2] -> function2, ... }] defines a custom input stream method with the specified name, allowing the Wolfram Language to call the stream functions fnamei for opening and reading from an input stream.
- [DefineOutputStreamMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefineOutputStreamMethod.en.md): DefineOutputStreamMethod[name, {SubscriptBox[fname, 1] -> function1, SubscriptBox[fname, 2] -> function2, ... }] defines a custom output stream method with the specified name, allowing the Wolfram Language to call the stream functions for opening and writing to an output stream.
- [DefineResourceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefineResourceFunction.en.md): DefineResourceFunction[f] defines a resource function that can be applied to arguments to give the same result as f[...]. DefineResourceFunction[f, name] uses name as the name of the resource function.
- [Definition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Definition.en.md): Definition[symbol] prints as the definitions given for a symbol. Definition[patt] prints as the definitions given for the symbols whose names textually match the arbitrary string pattern patt. Definition[{spec1, spec2, ...}] prints as the definitions given for the symbols that are equal to or or whose names match any of the speci.
- [DegreeCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DegreeCentrality.en.md): DegreeCentrality[g] gives a list of vertex degrees for the vertices in the underlying simple graph of g. DegreeCentrality[g, In] gives a list of vertex in-degrees. DegreeCentrality[g, Out] gives a list of vertex out-degrees. DegreeCentrality[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Degree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Degree.en.md): Degree gives the number of radians in one degree. It has a numerical value of \\[Pi]/180.
- [DegreeGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DegreeGraphDistribution.en.md): DegreeGraphDistribution[dlist] represents a degree graph distribution with vertex degree dlist.
- [DEigensystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DEigensystem.en.md): DEigensystem[\\[ScriptCapitalL][u[x, y, ...]], u, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives the n smallest magnitude eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the linear differential operator \\[ScriptCapitalL] over the region \\[CapitalOmega]. DEigensystem[eqns, u, t, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for solutions u of the time-dependent differential equations eqns.
- [DEigenvalues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DEigenvalues.en.md): DEigenvalues[\\[ScriptCapitalL][u[x, y, ...]], u, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives the n smallest magnitude eigenvalues for the linear differential operator \\[ScriptCapitalL] over the region \\[CapitalOmega]. DEigenvalues[eqns, u, t, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives the eigenvalues for solutions u of the time-dependent differential equations eqns.
- [Deinitialization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Deinitialization.en.md): Deinitialization is an option for Dynamic, DynamicModule, Manipulate, and related constructs that specifies an expression to be evaluated when the construct can no longer be displayed or used.
- [DelaunayMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DelaunayMesh.en.md): DelaunayMesh[{p1, p2, ...}] gives a MeshRegion representing the Delaunay mesh from the points p1, p2, ....
- [Delayed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Delayed.en.md): Delayed[expr] represents an expression whose evaluation is delayed until its value is externally requested. Delayed[expr, fmt] specifies that the result from evaluating expr should be given in format fmt. Delayed[expr, {fmt, rform}] specifies that the result should be given as a response of the form rform.
- [Del](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Del.en.md): Del[x] displays as \\[Del]x.
- [Deletable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Deletable.en.md): Deletable is an option for Cell that specifies whether the cell can be deleted interactively using the front end.
- [DeleteAdjacentDuplicates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteAdjacentDuplicates.en.md): DeleteAdjacentDuplicates[list] deletes all duplicates in runs of identical elements in list. DeleteAdjacentDuplicates[list, test] applies test to pairs of consecutive elements to determine whether they should be considered duplicates.
- [DeleteAnomalies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteAnomalies.en.md): DeleteAnomalies[{example1, example2, ...}] gives a list in which examplei that are considered anomalous have been dropped. DeleteAnomalies[fun, data] drops anomalies in data using the given AnomalyDetectorFunction[...] or LearnedDistribution[...].
- [DeleteBorderComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteBorderComponents.en.md): DeleteBorderComponents[image] replaces connected components adjacent to the border in a binary image image with background pixels. DeleteBorderComponents[m] replaces components adjacent to the border in a label matrix m with 0.
- [DeleteCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteCases.en.md): DeleteCases[expr, pattern] removes all elements of expr that match pattern. DeleteCases[expr, pattern, levelspec] removes all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec that match pattern. DeleteCases[expr, pattern, levelspec, n] removes the first n parts of expr that match pattern. DeleteCases[pattern] represents an operator form of DeleteCases that can be applied to an expression.
- [DeleteChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteChannel.en.md): DeleteChannel[channel] deletes the specified channel from the channel broker server. DeleteChannel[{channel1, channel2, ...}] deletes all the channeli. DeleteChannel[All] deletes all channels owned by the currently authenticated user.
- [DeleteCloudExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteCloudExpression.en.md): DeleteCloudExpression[name] deletes the cloud expression identified by name. DeleteCloudExpression[ce] deletes the cloud expression ce.
- [DeleteColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteColumns.en.md): DeleteColumns[tab, cspec] deletes the columns specified by cspec from the tabular data tab. DeleteColumns[cspec] represents an operator form of DeleteColumns that can be applied to tabular data.
- [DeleteContents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteContents.en.md): DeleteContents is an option for DeleteDirectory that specifies whether the contents of directories should automatically be deleted.
- [DeleteDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteDirectory.en.md): DeleteDirectory[dir] deletes the specified directory.
- [DeleteDuplicatesBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteDuplicatesBy.en.md): DeleteDuplicatesBy[data, f] deletes those ei in data that yield duplicates in the list {f[e1], f[e2], ...}. DeleteDuplicatesBy[f] represents an operator form of DeleteDuplicatesBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [DeleteDuplicates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteDuplicates.en.md): DeleteDuplicates[data] deletes all duplicates from data. DeleteDuplicates[data, test] applies test to pairs of elements to determine whether they should be considered duplicates.
- [DeleteElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteElements.en.md): DeleteElements[list, {e1, e2, ...}] removes all instances of elements ei from list. DeleteElements[list, n -> {e1, e2, ...}] removes up to n instances of each ei from list. DeleteElements[list, {n1, n2, ...} -> {e1, e2, ...}] removes up to ni instances of ei from list.
- [Delete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Delete.en.md): Delete[expr, n] deletes the element at position n in expr. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. Delete[expr, {i, j, ...}] deletes the part at position {i, j, ...}. Delete[expr, {{i1, j1, ...}, {i2, j2, ...}, ...}] deletes parts at several positions. Delete[pos] represents an operator form of Delete that can be applied to an expression.
- [DeleteFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteFile.en.md): DeleteFile[file] deletes a file. DeleteFile[{SubscriptBox[file, 1], SubscriptBox[file, 2], ...}] deletes a list of files.
- [DeleteMissing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteMissing.en.md): DeleteMissing[list] drops elements with head Missing from a list. DeleteMissing[assoc] drops elements whose values have head Missing from the association assoc. DeleteMissing[expr, n] applies DeleteMissing to any lists or associations that occur within the first n levels of expr. DeleteMissing[expr, n, d] considers an element at level n to be missing if Missing occurs within the first d levels of the element.
- [DeleteObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteObject.en.md): DeleteObject[obj] deletes the object obj. DeleteObject[{obj1, obj2, ...}] deletes all the obji.
- [DeletePermissionsKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeletePermissionsKey.en.md): DeletePermissionsKey[key] deletes a permissions key, rendering it invalid. DeletePermissionsKey[{key1, key2, ...}] deletes several permissions keys.
- [DeleteSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteSearchIndex.en.md): DeleteSearchIndex[obj] deletes the search index represented by the search index object obj. DeleteSearchIndex[name] deletes the search index with the specified name in the SearchIndices[] list.
- [DeleteSmallComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteSmallComponents.en.md): DeleteSmallComponents[image] replaces small connected components in a binary image image with background pixels. DeleteSmallComponents[m] replaces positive integers in a label matrix m with 0 if their tally is small. DeleteSmallComponents[..., n] replaces components consisting of n or fewer elements.
- [DeleteStopwords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteStopwords.en.md): DeleteStopwords[list] deletes stopwords from a list of words. DeleteStopwords[string] deletes stopwords from a string. DeleteStopwords[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}] deletes stopwords from a list of strings.
- [DeletionWarning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeletionWarning.en.md): DeletionWarning is an option for InterpretationBox or TagBox objects that specifies whether a warning is issued if the box is deleted.
- [DelimitedSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DelimitedSequence.en.md): DelimitedSequence[form] represents a delimited sequence of elements of the specified form in Interpreter and related functions. DelimitedSequence[form, sep] assumes a separator that matches sep. DelimitedSequence[form, {left, sep, right}] assumes left and right delimiters matching left and right, respectively.
- [DelimiterAutoMatching](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DelimiterAutoMatching.en.md): DelimiterAutoMatching is an option for cells and notebooks that specifies whether matching delimiters are automatically inserted when typing Wolfram Language code.
- [Delimiter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Delimiter.en.md): Delimiter represents a delimiter to be displayed in objects such as PopupMenu, Manipulate, and FormObject.
- [DelimiterFlashTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DelimiterFlashTime.en.md): DelimiterFlashTime is an option for cells and notebooks that specifies how long in seconds a delimiter should flash when its matching delimiter is entered.
- [DelimiterMatching](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DelimiterMatching.en.md): DelimiterMatching is an option for selections that specifies whether an opening delimiter will match only its respective closing delimiter or any closing delimiter.
- [Delimiters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Delimiters.en.md): Delimiters is an option to various functions that specifies what delimiters to use or look for.
- [DeliveryFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeliveryFunction.en.md): DeliveryFunction is an option that specifies how material such as documents generated by DocumentGenerator should be delivered.
- [Dendrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dendrogram.en.md): Dendrogram[{e1, e2, ...}] constructs a dendrogram from the hierarchical clustering of the elements e1, e2, .... Dendrogram[{e1 -> v1, e2 -> v2, ...}] represents ei with vi in the constructed dendrogram. Dendrogram[{e1, e2, ...} -> {v1, v2, ...}] represents ei with vi in the constructed dendrogram. Dendrogram[<|label1 -> e1, label2 -> e2, ...|>] represents ei using labels labeli in the constructed dendrogram. Dendrogram[data, orientation] constructs an oriented dendrogram ...
- [D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/D.en.md): D[f, x] gives the partial derivative \\[PartialD]f/\\[PartialD]x. D[f, {x, n}] gives the multiple derivative \\[PartialD]^n f/\\[PartialD]x^n. D[f, x, y, ...] gives the partial derivative \\[CenterEllipsis] (\\[PartialD]/\\[PartialD]y) \\ (\\[PartialD]/\\[PartialD]x)\\[ThinSpace]f. D[f, {x, n}, {y, m}, ...] gives the multiple partial derivative \\[CenterEllipsis] (\\[PartialD]^m /\\[PartialD]y^m) (\\[PartialD]^n /\\[PartialD]x^n)\\[ThinSpace]f. D[f, {{x1, x2, ...}}] for a scalar f gives the ...
- [Denominator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Denominator.en.md): Denominator[expr] gives the denominator of expr.
- [DensityGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DensityGraphics.en.md): As of Version 6.0, DensityGraphics has been superseded by GraphicsComplex and related functionality.
- [DensityHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DensityHistogram.en.md): DensityHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots a density histogram of the values {xi, yi}. DensityHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, bspec] plots a density histogram with bins specified by bspec. DensityHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, bspec, hspec] plots a density histogram with bin densities computed according to the specification hspec.
- [DensityPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DensityPlot3D.en.md): DensityPlot3D[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] makes a density plot of f as a function of x, y, and z. DensityPlot3D[f, {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables to be in the geometric region reg.
- [DensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DensityPlot.en.md): DensityPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] makes a density plot of f as a function of x and y. DensityPlot[f, {x, y} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [DependentVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DependentVariables.en.md): DependentVariables is an option for NDSolve and other functions that specifies the list of all objects that should be considered as dependent variables in equations that have been supplied.
- [DeployAgentTools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeployAgentTools.en.md): DeployAgentTools[application] deploys default Wolfram tools for the specified agentic application. DeployAgentTools[All] attempts to deploy to all supported applications. DeployAgentTools[application, tools] deploys the specified set of tools. DeployAgentTools[{ application,  project}, tools] deploys only for a specific project within an application.
- [DeployedAgentTools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeployedAgentTools.en.md): DeployedAgentTools[] lists all the AgentToolsDeployment objects deployed to applications on the current machine. DeployedAgentTools[application] lists only deployments for the specified application.
- [Deployed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Deployed.en.md): Deployed is an option for displayed objects, cells, and notebooks that specifies whether their contents should be considered deployed, so that elements such as Slider, InputField, Locator, and Button are active, but general editing and selection is disabled.
- [Deploy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Deploy.en.md): Deploy[expr] yields a deployed version of expr in which elements such as Slider, InputField, Locator and Button are active, but general editing and selection is disabled.
- [Depth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Depth.en.md): Depth[expr] gives the maximum number of indices needed to specify any part of expr, plus 1.
- [DepthFirstScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DepthFirstScan.en.md): DepthFirstScan[g, s, {SubscriptBox[event, 1] -> f1, SubscriptBox[event, 2] -> f2, ...}] performs a depth-first scan of the graph g starting at the vertex s and evaluates fi whenever SubscriptBox[event, i] occurs. DepthFirstScan[g, {SubscriptBox[event, 1] -> f1, SubscriptBox[event, 2] -> f2, ...}] performs a depth-first scan of the whole graph g. DepthFirstScan[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Derivative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Derivative.en.md): f' represents the derivative of a function f of one argument. Derivative[n1, n2, ...][f] is the general form, representing a function obtained from f by differentiating n1 times with respect to the first argument, n2 times with respect to the second argument, and so on.
- [DerivativeFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DerivativeFilter.en.md): DerivativeFilter[data, {n1, n2, ...}] computes the ni^th derivative of data at level i. DerivativeFilter[data, {n1, n2, ...}, \\[Sigma]] computes the derivative at a Gaussian scale of standard deviation \\[Sigma]. DerivativeFilter[data, {der1, der2, ...}, ...] computes several derivatives der1, der2, ....
- [DerivativePDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DerivativePDETerm.en.md): DerivativePDETerm[vars, \\[Gamma]] represents a load derivative term \\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]}\\[CenterDot](\\[Gamma]) with load derivative coefficient \\[Gamma] and model variables vars. DerivativePDETerm[vars, \\[Gamma], pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [DerivedKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DerivedKey.en.md): DerivedKey[assoc] represents a derived key generated by GenerateDerivedKey.
- [DescriptorStateSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DescriptorStateSpace.en.md): DescriptorStateSpace is an option to StateSpaceModel and StateSpaceTransform that specifies whether to use descriptor or standard representation.
- [DesignMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DesignMatrix.en.md): DesignMatrix[{{x11, x12, ..., y1}, {x21, x22, ..., y2}, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] constructs the design matrix for the linear model \\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + ....
- [Det](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Det.en.md): Det[m] gives the determinant of the square matrix m.
- [DeviceClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceClose.en.md): DeviceClose[device] closes the connection to a device and frees related resources.
- [DeviceConfigure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceConfigure.en.md): DeviceConfigure[device, config] configures the specified device according to config.
- [DeviceExecuteAsynchronous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceExecuteAsynchronous.en.md): DeviceExecuteAsynchronous[device,  command, fun] initiates asynchronous execution of the specified command on a device, calling the handler function fun when an event occurs. DeviceExecuteAsynchronous[device,  command, params, fun] executes the command with the parameters params.
- [DeviceExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceExecute.en.md): DeviceExecute[device,  command] executes the specified command on a device. DeviceExecute[device,  command, params] executes the command with the parameters params.
- [DeviceObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceObject.en.md): DeviceObject[...] represents a device that can be accessed in a Wolfram Language session.
- [DeviceOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceOpen.en.md): DeviceOpen[devclass] opens a connection to the first available device in the class specified by  devclass. DeviceOpen[devclass, spec] opens a connection to the particular device defined by spec. DeviceOpen[device] opens a connection to an existing device specified by a DeviceObject.
- [DeviceReadBuffer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceReadBuffer.en.md): DeviceReadBuffer[device] reads the complete contents of the buffer on a device. DeviceReadBuffer[device, n] reads n elements from the buffer. DeviceReadBuffer[device, crit] reads elements from the buffer until the device-specific criterion crit is met. DeviceReadBuffer[device, crit, param] reads elements associated with the parameter param. DeviceReadBuffer[device, crit, {param1, param2, ...}] reads elements associated with the parami.
- [DeviceRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceRead.en.md): DeviceRead[devobj] reads a single default item from the open device corresponding to the specified DeviceObject. DeviceRead[devclass] reads from the default device in the class  devclass. DeviceRead[device, param] reads the parameter param from the specified device. DeviceRead[device, {param1, param2, ...}] reads the list of parameters parami from the specified device.
- [DeviceReadLatest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceReadLatest.en.md): DeviceReadLatest[device] returns the most recently collected default item from a device. DeviceReadLatest[device, n] returns a list of the n most recently collected items. DeviceReadLatest[device, n, param] returns the n most recently collected values of param. DeviceReadLatest[device, n, {param1, param2, ...}] returns a list of the most recently collected values of the parami.
- [DeviceReadList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceReadList.en.md): DeviceReadList[device, n] reads from the specified device n times, returning a list of the results. DeviceReadList[device, n, param] reads the parameter param. DeviceReadList[device, n, {param1, param2, ...}] reads the list of parameters parami.
- [DeviceReadTimeSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceReadTimeSeries.en.md): DeviceReadTimeSeries[device, {t, dt}] repeatedly reads default items from the specified device at interval dt for a total time t, returning a time series of the resulting values. DeviceReadTimeSeries[device, {t, dt}, param] repeatedly reads the parameter param and returns a time series of its values. DeviceReadTimeSeries[device, {t, dt}, {param1, param2, ...}] repeatedly reads the parami and returns a time series of their values.
- [Devices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Devices.en.md): Devices[] gives a list of registered devices on a particular system. Devices[form] gives a list of devices in classes whose names match the string pattern form. Devices[{form1, form2, ...}] gives a list of devices in classes whose names match any of the formi.
- [DeviceStreams](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceStreams.en.md): DeviceStreams[device] gives a list of all open streams associated with a device. DeviceStreams[device, patt] gives a list of streams whose names match the string pattern patt. DeviceStreams[device, {patt1, patt2, ...}] gives a list of streams whose names match any of the patti.
- [DeviceWriteBuffer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceWriteBuffer.en.md): DeviceWriteBuffer[device, vals] fills the buffer on a device with the values vals. DeviceWriteBuffer[device, param -> vals] fills the buffer associated with the parameter param with the values vals. DeviceWriteBuffer[device, {param1 -> vals 1, param2 -> vals 2, ...}] fills the buffers associated with the parami with the corresponding values vals i .
- [DeviceWrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeviceWrite.en.md): DeviceWrite[device, val] writes the value val to the specified device. DeviceWrite[device, {val1, val2, ...}] writes the sequence of values vali to the specified device. DeviceWrite[device, param -> val] writes val as the value of the parameter param. DeviceWrite[device, {param1 -> val1, param2 -> val2, ...}] writes values of several parameters.
- [DFixedPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DFixedPoints.en.md): DFixedPoints[eqn, x[t], t] gives the fixed points for a differential equation. DFixedPoints[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {x1[t], x2[t], ...}, t] gives the fixed points for a system of differential equations.
- [DGaussianWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DGaussianWavelet.en.md): DGaussianWavelet[] represents a derivative of Gaussian wavelet of derivative order 2. DGaussianWavelet[n] represents a derivative of Gaussian wavelet of derivative order n.
- [DiacriticalPositioning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiacriticalPositioning.en.md): DiacriticalPositioning is an option for UnderscriptBox and related boxes that specifies how close diacritical characters are drawn to the base character.
- [Diagonal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Diagonal.en.md): Diagonal[m] gives the list of elements on the leading diagonal of the matrix m. Diagonal[m, k] gives the elements on the k^th diagonal of m.
- [DiagonalizableMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiagonalizableMatrixQ.en.md): DiagonalizableMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is diagonalizable, and False otherwise.
- [DiagonalMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiagonalMatrix.en.md): DiagonalMatrix[list] gives a matrix with the elements of list on the leading diagonal, and zero elsewhere. DiagonalMatrix[list, k] gives a matrix with the elements of list on the k^th diagonal. DiagonalMatrix[list, k, n] pads with zeros to create an n*n matrix.
- [DiagonalMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiagonalMatrixQ.en.md): DiagonalMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is diagonal, and False otherwise. DiagonalMatrixQ[m, k] gives True if m has nonzero elements only on the k^th diagonal, and False otherwise.
- [Dialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dialog.en.md): Dialog[] initiates a dialog. Dialog[expr] initiates a dialog with expr as the current value of %.
- [DialogInput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DialogInput.en.md): DialogInput[expr] interactively puts up expr as a dialog notebook, waits until a DialogReturn[e] is evaluated from within it, and then returns the result e. DialogInput[{x = x0, y = y0, ...}, expr] sets up local variables x, y, ... in expr.
- [DialogNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DialogNotebook.en.md): DialogNotebook[{cell1, cell2, ...}] represents a dialog notebook that can be manipulated by the Wolfram System front end.
- [DialogProlog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DialogProlog.en.md): DialogProlog is an option for Dialog that can give an expression to evaluate before the dialog starts.
- [DialogReturn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DialogReturn.en.md): DialogReturn[expr] closes a dialog window, returning the expression expr from the dialog. DialogReturn[] closes a dialog window, returning Null.
- [DialogSymbols](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DialogSymbols.en.md): DialogSymbols is an option for Dialog that gives a list of symbols whose values should be localized in the dialog.
- [Diamond](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Diamond.en.md): Diamond[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Diamond]y\\[Diamond]....
- [DiamondMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiamondMatrix.en.md): DiamondMatrix[r] gives a matrix whose elements are 1 in a diamond-shaped region that extends r index positions to each side, and are 0 otherwise. DiamondMatrix[r, w] gives a w*w matrix containing a diamond-shaped region of 1s. DiamondMatrix[{r1, r2, ...}, ...] yields an array whose elements are 1 in a diamond-shaped region that extends ri index positions in the i^th direction.
- [DiceDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiceDissimilarity.en.md): DiceDissimilarity[x, y] gives the Dice dissimilarity between Boolean vectors x and y.
- [DictionaryLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DictionaryLookup.en.md): DictionaryLookup[patt] finds all words in an English dictionary that match the string pattern patt. DictionaryLookup[patt, n] gives only the first n words found. DictionaryLookup[{ lang, patt}] finds words in the language specified by lang.
- [DictionaryWordQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DictionaryWordQ.en.md): DictionaryWordQ[word] tests whether  word is a recognized dictionary word.
- [Diff3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Diff3.en.md): Diff3[ancestor, first, second] returns a representation of the three-way diff between ancestor and two independently changed versions of ancestor. Diff3[ancestor, first, second, format] represents the diffs in the indicated format.
- [DiffAlignmentMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffAlignmentMethod.en.md): DiffAlignmentMethod is an option to Diff and related functions that specifies how to align cells when comparing notebooks.
- [DiffApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffApply.en.md): DiffApply[diffobj, expr] returns the result of applying the given DiffObject to the expression expr. DiffApply[diffobj, expr, File[file]] writes the result of changing expr to file.
- [Diff](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Diff.en.md): Diff[first, second] returns a representation of the diffs between first and second. Diff[first, second, format] represents the diffs in the indicated format.
- [DifferenceDelta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceDelta.en.md): DifferenceDelta[f, i] gives the discrete difference \\[DifferenceDelta]i f = f(i + 1) - f (i). DifferenceDelta[f, {i, n}] gives the multiple difference \\[DifferenceDelta]_i^nf. DifferenceDelta[f, {i, n, h}] gives the multiple difference with step h. DifferenceDelta[f, i, j, ...] computes the partial difference with respect to i, j, ....
- [DifferenceQuotient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceQuotient.en.md): DifferenceQuotient[f, {x, h}] gives the difference quotient (f(x + h) - f(x))/h. DifferenceQuotient[f, {x, n, h}] gives a multiple difference quotient with step h. DifferenceQuotient[f, {x1, n1, h1}, {x2, n2, h2}, ...] computes the partial difference quotient with respect to x1, x2, ....
- [DifferenceRoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRoot.en.md): DifferenceRoot[lde][k] gives the holonomic sequence h(k), specified by the linear difference equation lde[h, k]. DifferenceRoot[lde] represents a pure holonomic sequence h.
- [DifferenceRootReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRootReduce.en.md): DifferenceRootReduce[expr, n] attempts to reduce expr to a single DifferenceRoot object as a function of n.
- [Differences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Differences.en.md): Differences[list] gives the successive differences of elements in list. Differences[list, n] gives the n^th differences of list. Differences[list, n, s] gives the differences of elements step s apart. Differences[list, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the successive nk^th differences at level k in a nested list.
- [DifferentialD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialD.en.md): DifferentialD[x] displays as \\[DifferentialD]x.
- [DifferentialRoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRoot.en.md): DifferentialRoot[lde][x] gives the holonomic function h(x), specified by the linear differential equation lde[h, x]. DifferentialRoot[lde] represents a pure holonomic function h.
- [DifferentialRootReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRootReduce.en.md): DifferentialRootReduce[expr, x] attempts to reduce expr to a single DifferentialRoot object as a function of x. DifferentialRootReduce[expr, {x, x0}] takes the initial conditions to be specified at x = x0.
- [DifferentiatorFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentiatorFilter.en.md): DifferentiatorFilter[data, \\[Omega]c] applies a differentiator filter with a cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c to an array of data. DifferentiatorFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n] uses a filter kernel of length n. DifferentiatorFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to the filter kernel.
- [DiffGranularity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffGranularity.en.md): DiffGranularity is an option to Diff and related functions that indicates with what granularity to compare the given expressions.
- [DiffIgnore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffIgnore.en.md): DiffIgnore is an option to Diff and related functions that specifies what elements to ignore when computing diffs.
- [DiffIncludeMatches](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffIncludeMatches.en.md): DiffIncludeMatches is an option for Diff and related functions that specifies whether to include matching data in the resulting DiffObject.
- [DiffInputFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffInputFunction.en.md): DiffInputFunction is an option for Diff and related functions that specifies how the input expressions should be preprocessed.
- [DiffObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffObject.en.md): DiffObject[v, type, data] represents a sequence of diffs for transforming objects of the indicated type.
- [DiffStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffStyle.en.md): DiffStyle is an option for Diff and related functions that specifies styles to use when viewing changes.
- [DiffusionPDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiffusionPDETerm.en.md): DiffusionPDETerm[vars] represents a diffusion term \\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]}\\[CenterDot](-\\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u) with model variables vars. DiffusionPDETerm[vars, c] represents a diffusion term \\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]}\\[CenterDot](-c \\[Del]{Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u) with diffusion coefficient c. DiffusionPDETerm[vars, c, pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [DiggleGatesPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiggleGatesPointProcess.en.md): DiggleGatesPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Rho], d] represents a Diggle-Gates point process with constant intensity \\[Mu] and interaction radius \\[Rho] in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [DiggleGrattonPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiggleGrattonPointProcess.en.md): DiggleGrattonPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Kappa], \\[Delta], \\[Rho], d] represents a Diggle-Gratton point process with constant intensity \\[Mu], interaction parameter \\[Kappa], hard-core interaction radius \\[Delta] and interaction radius \\[Rho] in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [DigitalSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DigitalSignature.en.md): DigitalSignature[assoc] represents a digital signature object.
- [DigitBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DigitBlock.en.md): DigitBlock is an option for NumberForm and related functions that specifies the maximum length of blocks of digits between breaks.
- [DigitCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DigitCharacter.en.md): DigitCharacter represents a digit character 0-9 in StringExpression.
- [DigitCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DigitCount.en.md): DigitCount[n, b, d] gives the number of d digits in the base-b representation of n. DigitCount[n, b, d, len] gives the number of d digits in the base-b representation of the last len digits of n. DigitCount[n, b] gives a list of the numbers of 1, 2, ..., b - 1, 0 digits in the base-b representation of n. DigitCount[n] gives a list of the numbers of 1, 2, ..., 9, 0 digits in the base-10 representation of n.
- [DigitQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DigitQ.en.md): DigitQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are digits in the range 0 through 9, and yields False otherwise.
- [DigitSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DigitSum.en.md): DigitSum[n] gives the sum of the decimal digits in the integer n. DigitSum[n, b] gives the sum of the base b digits in the integer n. DigitSum[n, b, k] gives the sum of the first k base b digits in the integer n. DigitSum[n, b, -k] gives the sum of the last k base b digits in the integer n. DigitSum[n, MixedRadix[blist]] uses the mixed radix with list of bases blist.
- [DihedralAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DihedralAngle.en.md): DihedralAngle[{p1, p2}, {v, w}] gives the angle between two half-planes bounded by the line through p1 and p2 and extended in the direction v and w.
- [DihedralGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DihedralGroup.en.md): DihedralGroup[n] represents the dihedral group of order 2 n.
- [Dilation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dilation.en.md): Dilation[image, ker] gives the morphological dilation of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Dilation[image, r] gives the dilation with respect to a range-r square. Dilation[data, ...] applies dilation to an array of data.
- [DimensionalCombinations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DimensionalCombinations.en.md): DimensionalCombinations[{pq1, pq2, ...}] returns the possible combinations of the list of physical quantities pqi that are dimensionless. DimensionalCombinations[{pq1, pq2, ...}, dim] returns the possible combinations of the list of physical quantities pqi that match the dimensions of physical quantity dim.
- [DimensionalMeshComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DimensionalMeshComponents.en.md): DimensionalMeshComponents[mr] gives a list {r0, r1, ...} of regions such that rd has dimension d for a mesh region mr.
- [DimensionReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DimensionReduce.en.md): DimensionReduce[{example1, example2, ...}] projects the examples examplei to a lower-dimensional approximating manifold. DimensionReduce[examples, n] projects onto an approximating manifold in n-dimensional space.
- [DimensionReducerFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DimensionReducerFunction.en.md): DimensionReducerFunction[...] represents a function generated by DimensionReduction that projects data onto a lower-dimensional approximating manifold.
- [DimensionReduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DimensionReduction.en.md): DimensionReduction[{example1, example2, ...}] generates a DimensionReducerFunction[...] that projects from the space defined by the examplei to a lower-dimensional approximating manifold. DimensionReduction[examples, n] generates a DimensionReducerFunction[...] for an n-dimensional approximating manifold. DimensionReduction[examples, n, props] generates the specified properties of the dimensionality reduction.
- [Dimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dimensions.en.md): Dimensions[expr] gives a list of the dimensions of expr. Dimensions[expr, n] gives a list of the dimensions of expr down to level n.
- [DiracComb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiracComb.en.md): DiracComb[x] represents the Dirac comb function DiracComb[x] giving a delta function at every integer point. DiracComb[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional Dirac comb function DiracComb[x1, x2, ...].
- [DiracDelta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiracDelta.en.md): DiracDelta[x] represents the Dirac delta function \\[Delta] (x). DiracDelta[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional Dirac delta function \\[Delta] (x1, x2, ...).
- [DirectedEdge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectedEdge.en.md): DirectedEdge[u, v] or u \\[DirectedEdge] v represents a directed edge from u to v. DirectedEdge[u, v, t] or u OverscriptBox[\\[DirectedEdge], t] v represents a directed edge from u to v with tag t.
- [DirectedEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectedEdges.en.md): DirectedEdges is an option for Graph, GraphPlot, and related functions that specifies whether edges should be taken to be directed.
- [DirectedGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectedGraph.en.md): DirectedGraph[g] gives a directed graph from the undirected graph g. DirectedGraph[g, conv] gives a directed graph using the conversion conv. DirectedGraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [DirectedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectedGraphQ.en.md): DirectedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a directed graph and False otherwise.
- [DirectedInfinity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectedInfinity.en.md): DirectedInfinity[] represents an infinite numerical quantity whose direction in the complex plane is unknown. DirectedInfinity[z] represents an infinite numerical quantity that is a positive real multiple of the complex number z.
- [DirectionalLight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectionalLight.en.md): DirectionalLight[col, pt] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies the directional light of color col from the point pt to the center of the bounding box to use in coloring 3D surfaces. DirectionalLight[col, {pt1, pt2}] uses a directional light along the vector from pt1 to pt2.
- [Direction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Direction.en.md): Direction is an option for Limit and related functions that specifies the direction in which the limit is taken.
- [Directive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Directive.en.md): Directive[g1, g2, ...] represents a single graphics directive composed of the directives g1, g2, ....
- [Directory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Directory.en.md): Directory[] gives the current working directory.
- [DirectoryName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectoryName.en.md): DirectoryName[name] extracts the directory name from the specification for a file.
- [DirectoryQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectoryQ.en.md): DirectoryQ[name] gives True if the directory with the specified name exists, and gives False otherwise.
- [DirectoryStack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectoryStack.en.md): DirectoryStack[] gives the directory stack that represents the sequence of current directories used.
- [DirichletBeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletBeta.en.md): DirichletBeta[s] gives the Dirichlet beta function DirichletBeta[s].
- [DirichletCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletCharacter.en.md): DirichletCharacter[k, j, n] gives the Dirichlet character \\[Chi] k, j (n) with modulus k and index j.
- [DirichletCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletCondition.en.md): DirichletCondition[beqn, pred] represents a Dirichlet boundary condition given by equation beqn, satisfied on the part of the boundary of the region given to NDSolve and related functions where pred is True.
- [DirichletConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletConvolve.en.md): DirichletConvolve[f, g, n, m] gives the Dirichlet convolution of the expressions f and g.
- [DirichletDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletDistribution.en.md): DirichletDistribution[{\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha] k +1}] represents a Dirichlet distribution of dimension k with shape parameters \\[Alpha]i.
- [DirichletEta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletEta.en.md): DirichletEta[s] gives the Dirichlet eta function DirichletEta[s].
- [DirichletLambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletLambda.en.md): DirichletLambda[s] gives the Dirichlet lambda function ....
- [DirichletL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletL.en.md): DirichletL[k, j, s] gives the Dirichlet L-function L(\\[Chi], s) for the Dirichlet character \\[Chi](n) with modulus k and index j.
- [DirichletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletTransform.en.md): DirichletTransform[expr, n, s] gives the Dirichlet transform of expr with respect to n.
- [DirichletWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletWindow.en.md): DirichletWindow[x] represents a Dirichlet window function of x.
- [DisableFormatting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisableFormatting.en.md): DisableFormatting[expr] is a form that disables the formatting of expr when it appears inside held expressions, but gives expr as soon as evaluation occurs.
- [Discard](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Discard.en.md): Discard[data, crit] removes all the elements ei of data for which crit[ei] is True. Discard[data, crit -> prop] returns the property prop of the remaining elements. Discard[data, crit, n] removes the first n elements for which crit[ei] is True. Discard[crit] represents an operator form of Discard that can be applied to an expression.
- [DiscreteAsymptotic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteAsymptotic.en.md): DiscreteAsymptotic[expr, n -> \\[Infinity]] gives an asymptotic approximation for expr as n tends to infinity over the integers. DiscreteAsymptotic[expr, {n, \\[Infinity], m}] gives an asymptotic series approximation for expr to order m.
- [DiscreteChirpZTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteChirpZTransform.en.md): DiscreteChirpZTransform[list] gives the chirp Z transform of list. DiscreteChirpZTransform[list, n] returns a length n chirp Z transform. DiscreteChirpZTransform[list, n, w] uses a spiral path on the complex z plane defined by w. DiscreteChirpZTransform[list, n, w, a] uses a as the complex starting point. DiscreteChirpZTransform[list, {n1, n2, ...}, {w1, w2, ...}, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the multidimensional chirp Z transform.
- [DiscreteConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteConvolve.en.md): DiscreteConvolve[f, g, n, m] gives the convolution with respect to n of the expressions f and g. DiscreteConvolve[f, g, {n1, n2, ...}, {m1, m2, ...}] gives the multidimensional convolution.
- [DiscreteDelta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteDelta.en.md): DiscreteDelta[n1, n2, ...] gives the discrete delta function \\[Delta] (n1, n2, ...), equal to 1 if all the ni are zero, and 0 otherwise.
- [DiscreteHadamardTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteHadamardTransform.en.md): DiscreteHadamardTransform[list] gives the discrete Hadamard transform of list.
- [DiscreteHilbertTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteHilbertTransform.en.md): DiscreteHilbertTransform[list] finds the discrete Hilbert transform of the list list of real numbers.
- [DiscreteIndicator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteIndicator.en.md): DiscreteIndicator[x, x1, {u1, u2, ...}] yields the discrete indicator function, equal to 1 if x = x1 and, otherwise, to 0 if x = ui for some i.
- [DiscreteInputOutputModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteInputOutputModel.en.md): DiscreteInputOutputModel[{g0, g1, ..., g n - 1}, u] represents a discrete-time model with input u and output y = gi(u) at sampling instant i. DiscreteInputOutputModel[{g0, g1, ..., g n - 1}, u, y] can be used to specify outputs gi(u, y) that also depend on the output variables y. DiscreteInputOutputModel[..., {{u1, {..., u10}}, ...}, {{y1, {..., y10}}, ...}] specifies input and output values for each signal for instants k <= 0.
- [DiscreteLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteLimit.en.md): DiscreteLimit[f, k -> \\[Infinity]] gives the limit \\[Limit] k -> \\[Infinity] f (k) for the sequence f as k tends to infinity over the integers. DiscreteLimit[f, {k1 -> k_1^*, ..., kn -> k_n^*}] gives the nested limit UnderscriptBox[\\[Limit], k1 -> k_1^*] \\[CenterEllipsis] UnderscriptBox[\\[Limit], kn -> k_n^*] f (k 1, ..., k n) over the integers. DiscreteLimit[f, {k1, ..., kn} -> { k_1^*, ..., k_n^*}] gives the multivariate limit UnderscriptBox[\\[Limit], {k1, ..., ...
- [DiscreteLQEstimatorGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteLQEstimatorGains.en.md): DiscreteLQEstimatorGains[ssm, {w, v}, \\[Tau]] gives the optimal discrete-time estimator gain matrix with sampling period \\[Tau] for the continuous-time StateSpaceModel ssm, with process and measurement noise covariance matrices w and v. DiscreteLQEstimatorGains[{ssm, sensors}, {w, v}, \\[Tau]] specifies sensors as the noisy measurements of ssm. DiscreteLQEstimatorGains[{ssm, sensors, dinputs}, {w, v}, \\[Tau]] specifies dinputs as the deterministic inputs of ssm.
- [DiscreteLQRegulatorGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteLQRegulatorGains.en.md): DiscreteLQRegulatorGains[sspec, wts, \\[Tau]] gives the discrete-time state feedback gains with sampling period \\[Tau] for the continuous-time system specification sspec that minimizes a cost function with weights wts. DiscreteLQRegulatorGains[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [DiscreteLyapunovSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteLyapunovSolve.en.md): DiscreteLyapunovSolve[a, c] finds the numeric solution x of the discrete matrix equation a . x . a\\[ConjugateTranspose] - x == c. DiscreteLyapunovSolve[a, b, c] solves a . x . b - x == c. DiscreteLyapunovSolve[{a, d}, c] solves a . x . a\\[ConjugateTranspose] - d . x . d\\[ConjugateTranspose] == c. DiscreteLyapunovSolve[{a, d}, {b, e}, c] solves a . x . b - d . x . e == c.
- [DiscreteMarkovProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteMarkovProcess.en.md): DiscreteMarkovProcess[i0, m] represents a discrete-time, finite-state Markov process with transition matrix m and initial state i0. DiscreteMarkovProcess[p0, m] represents a Markov process with initial state probability vector p0. DiscreteMarkovProcess[..., g] represents a Markov process with transition matrix from the graph g.
- [DiscreteMaxLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteMaxLimit.en.md): DiscreteMaxLimit[f, k -> \\[Infinity]] gives the max limit \\[MaxLimit] k -> \\[Infinity] f (k) of the sequence f as k tends to \\[Infinity] over the integers. DiscreteMaxLimit[f, {k1 -> k_1^*, ..., kn -> k_n^*}] gives the nested max limit UnderscriptBox[\\[MaxLimit], k1 -> k_1^*] \\[CenterEllipsis] UnderscriptBox[\\[MaxLimit], kn -> k_n^*] f (k1, ..., kn) over the integers. DiscreteMaxLimit[f, {k1, ..., kn} -> { k_1^*, ..., k_n^*}] gives the multivariate max limit ...
- [DiscreteMinLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteMinLimit.en.md): DiscreteMinLimit[f, k -> \\[Infinity]] gives the min limit \\[MinLimit] k -> \\[Infinity] f (k) of the sequence f as k tends to \\[Infinity] over the integers. DiscreteMinLimit[f, {k1 -> k_1^*, ..., kn -> k_n^*}] gives the nested min limit UnderscriptBox[\\[MinLimit], k1 -> k_1^*] \\[CenterEllipsis] UnderscriptBox[\\[MinLimit], kn -> k_n^*] f (k 1, ..., k n) over the integers. DiscreteMinLimit[f, {k1, ..., kn} -> { k_1^*, ..., k_n^*}] gives the multivariate min limit ...
- [DiscretePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscretePlot3D.en.md): DiscretePlot3D[f, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}] generates a plot of f when i runs from imin to imax and j runs from jmin to jmax. DiscretePlot3D[f, {i, imin, imax, di}, {j, jmin, jmax, dj}] uses steps di and dj. DiscretePlot3D[f, {i, {i1, ..., im}}, {j, {j1, ..., jn}}] uses successive i values i1, ..., jm and j values j1, ..., jn. DiscretePlot3D[{f1, f2, ...}, ...] plots the values of all the fk.
- [DiscretePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscretePlot.en.md): DiscretePlot[f, {n, nmax}] generates a plot of f as a function of n when n = 1, ..., nmax. DiscretePlot[f, {n, nmin, nmax}] generates a plot when n runs from nmin to nmax. DiscretePlot[f, {n, nmin, nmax, dn}] uses steps dn. DiscretePlot[f, {n, {n1, ..., nm}}] uses the successive values n1, ..., nm. DiscretePlot[{f1, f2, ...}, ...] plots the values of all the fi.
- [DiscreteRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteRatio.en.md): DiscreteRatio[f, i] gives the discrete ratio f (i + 1)/f(i). DiscreteRatio[f, {i, n}] gives the multiple discrete ratio. DiscreteRatio[f, {i, n, h}] gives the multiple discrete ratio with step h. DiscreteRatio[f, i, j, ...] computes the partial difference ratio with respect to i, j, ....
- [DiscreteRiccatiSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteRiccatiSolve.en.md): DiscreteRiccatiSolve[{a, b}, {q, r}] gives the matrix x that is the stabilizing solution of the discrete algebraic Riccati equation ConjugateTranspose[a] . x . a - x - ConjugateTranspose[a] . x . b . Inverse[(r + ConjugateTranspose[b] . x . b)] . ConjugateTranspose[b] . x . a + q == 0. DiscreteRiccatiSolve[{a, b}, {q, r, p}] solves ConjugateTranspose[a] . x . a - x - (ConjugateTranspose[a] . x . b + p) . Inverse[(r + ConjugateTranspose[b] . x . b)] . (ConjugateTranspose[b] . x . a + ...
- [DiscreteShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteShift.en.md): DiscreteShift[f, i] gives the discrete shift f(i) == f (i + 1). DiscreteShift[f, {i, n}] gives the multiple shift \\[DiscreteShift]_i^n\\ f. DiscreteShift[f, {i, n, h}] gives the multiple shift of step h. DiscreteShift[f, i, j, ...] computes partial shifts with respect to i, j, ....
- [DiscreteTimeModelQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteTimeModelQ.en.md): DiscreteTimeModelQ[lsys] gives True if lsys is a discrete-time systems model, and False otherwise.
- [DiscreteUniformDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteUniformDistribution.en.md): DiscreteUniformDistribution[{imin, imax}] represents a discrete uniform distribution over the integers from imin to imax. DiscreteUniformDistribution[{{imin, imax}, {jmin, jmax}, ...}] represents a multivariate discrete uniform distribution over integers within the box {{imin, imax}, {jmin, jmax}, ...}.
- [DiscreteVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteVariables.en.md): DiscreteVariables is an option for NDSolve and other functions that specifies variables that only change at discrete times in a temporal integration.
- [DiscreteWaveletData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteWaveletData.en.md): DiscreteWaveletData[{wind1 -> coef1, ...}, wave, wtrans] yields a discrete wavelet data object with wavelet coefficients coefi corresponding to wavelet index windi, wavelet wave, and wavelet transform wtrans. DiscreteWaveletData[{wind1 -> coef1, ...}, wave, wtrans, {d1, ...}] yields a discrete wavelet data object assuming data dimensions {d1, ...}.
- [DiscreteWaveletPacketTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteWaveletPacketTransform.en.md): DiscreteWaveletPacketTransform[data] gives the discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) of an array of data. DiscreteWaveletPacketTransform[data, wave] gives the discrete wavelet packet transform using the wavelet wave. DiscreteWaveletPacketTransform[data, wave, r] gives the discrete wavelet packet transform using r levels of refinement.
- [DiscreteWaveletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteWaveletTransform.en.md): DiscreteWaveletTransform[data] gives the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of an array of data. DiscreteWaveletTransform[data, wave] gives the discrete wavelet transform using the wavelet wave. DiscreteWaveletTransform[data, wave, r] gives the discrete wavelet transform using r levels of refinement.
- [DiscretizeGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscretizeGraphics.en.md): DiscretizeGraphics[g] discretizes a 2D or 3D graphic g into a MeshRegion. DiscretizeGraphics[g, patt] discretizes only the elements in g that match the pattern patt.
- [DiscretizeRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscretizeRegion.en.md): DiscretizeRegion[reg] discretizes a region reg into a MeshRegion. DiscretizeRegion[reg, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] restricts to the bounds [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis].
- [Discriminant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Discriminant.en.md): Discriminant[poly, var] computes the discriminant of the polynomial poly with respect to the variable var. Discriminant[poly, var, Modulus -> p] computes the discriminant modulo p.
- [DisjointQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisjointQ.en.md): DisjointQ[list1, list2] yields True if list1 and list2 do not share any common elements, and False otherwise.
- [Disjunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Disjunction.en.md): Disjunction[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the disjunction of expr over all choices of the Boolean variables ai.
- [Disk](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Disk.en.md): Disk[{x, y}, r] represents a disk of radius r centered at {x, y}. Disk[{x, y}] gives a disk of radius 1. Disk[{x, y}, {rx, ry}] gives an axis-aligned elliptical disk with semiaxes lengths rx and ry. Disk[{x, y}, ..., {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2}] gives a sector of a disk from angle \\[Theta]1 to \\[Theta]2. Disk[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, ...] gives multiple identical disks centered at the given coordinates.
- [DiskMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiskMatrix.en.md): DiskMatrix[r] gives a matrix whose elements are 1 in a disk-shaped region of radius r, and are otherwise 0. DiskMatrix[r, w] gives a w*w matrix containing a disk of 1s with radius r. DiskMatrix[{r1, r2, ...}, ...] yields an array whose elements are 1 in an ellipsoidal region with semiaxis ri in the i^th index direction.
- [DiskSegment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiskSegment.en.md): DiskSegment[{x, y}, r, {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2}] represents the disk segment from angle \\[Theta]1 to \\[Theta]2 in a disk centered at {x, y} of radius r. DiskSegment[{x, y}, {rx, ry}, {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2}] represents the ellipse segment from angle \\[Theta]1 to \\[Theta]2 in an axis-aligned ellipse with semiaxes lengths rx and ry.
- [Dispatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dispatch.en.md): Dispatch[{lhs1 -> rhs1, lhs2 -> rhs2, ...}] generates an optimized dispatch table representation of a list of rules. The object produced by Dispatch can be used to give the rules in expr /. rules.
- [DispersionEstimatorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DispersionEstimatorFunction.en.md): DispersionEstimatorFunction is an option for generalized linear model fitting functions that specifies the estimator for the dispersion parameter.
- [DisplayAllSteps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisplayAllSteps.en.md): DisplayAllSteps is an option to Animate and related functions that specifies whether all frames should be displayed in an animation, even if to do so would slow the animation down.
- [DisplayEndPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisplayEndPacket.en.md): DisplayEndPacket[] is a WSTP packet that indicates the end of a series of expressions relating to a postscript graphic.
- [Display](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Display.en.md): As of Version 6.0, Display is superseded by capabilities in Export.
- [DisplayForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisplayForm.en.md): DisplayForm[expr] prints with low-level boxes inside expr shown in explicit two-dimensional or other form.
- [DisplayFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisplayFunction.en.md): DisplayFunction is an option for graphics and sound functions that specifies a function to apply to graphics and sound objects before returning them.
- [DisplayPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisplayPacket.en.md): DisplayPacket[] is a WSTP packet that indicates the beginning of a series of expressions related to a PostScript graphic.
- [DisplayString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DisplayString.en.md): As of Version 6.0, DisplayString is superseded by capabilities in ExportString.
- [DistanceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistanceFunction.en.md): DistanceFunction is an option for functions such as Nearest that specifies the distance value to assume between any two specified points.
- [DistanceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistanceMatrix.en.md): DistanceMatrix[{u1, u2, ...}] gives the matrix of distances between each pair of elements ui, uj. DistanceMatrix[{u1, u2, ...}, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the matrix of distances between each pair of elements ui, vj.
- [DistanceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistanceTransform.en.md): DistanceTransform[image] gives the distance transform of image, in which the value of each pixel is replaced by its distance to the nearest background pixel. DistanceTransform[image, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [DistributedContexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributedContexts.en.md): DistributedContexts is an option for various parallel computing functions that specifies which definitions for symbols appearing in an expression should be distributed to all parallel kernels.
- [DistributeDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributeDefinitions.en.md): DistributeDefinitions[s1, s2, ...] distributes all definitions for the symbols si to all parallel kernels. DistributeDefinitions[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\]] distributes definitions for all symbols in the specified context.
- [Distributed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Distributed.en.md): Distributed[x, dist] or x \\[Distributed] dist asserts that the random variable x is distributed according to the probability distribution dist. Distributed[{x1, x2, ...}, dist] or {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist asserts that the random vector {x1, x2, ...} is distributed according to the multivariate probability distribution dist.
- [Distribute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Distribute.en.md): Distribute[f[x1, x2, ...]] distributes f over Plus appearing in any of the xi. Distribute[expr, g] distributes over g. Distribute[expr, g, f] performs the distribution only if the head of expr is f.
- [DistributionChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributionChart.en.md): DistributionChart[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a distribution chart with a distribution symbol for each datai. DistributionChart[{data1, data2, ...}, elems] makes a distribution chart using the appearance elements elems. DistributionChart[{..., wi[datai, ...], ..., wj[dataj, ...], ...}] makes a distribution chart with symbol features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. DistributionChart[{{data1, data2, ...}, ...}] makes a distribution chart from multiple groups of datasets {data1, data2, ...}.
- [DistributionFitTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributionFitTest.en.md): DistributionFitTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed. DistributionFitTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist. DistributionFitTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [DistributionParameterAssumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributionParameterAssumptions.en.md): DistributionParameterAssumptions[dist] gives a logical expression for assumptions on parameters in the symbolic distribution dist.
- [DistributionParameterQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributionParameterQ.en.md): DistributionParameterQ[dist] yields True if dist is a valid distribution, and yields False otherwise.
- [Dithering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dithering.en.md): Dithering is an option for ColorQuantize that specifies whether or not to apply dithering while quantizing the pixel values.
- [Div](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Div.en.md): Div[{f1, ..., fn}, {x1, ..., xn}] gives the divergence \\[PartialD]f1/\\[PartialD]x1 + ... + \\ \\[PartialD]fn/\\[PartialD]xn. Div[{f1, ..., fn}, {x1, ..., xn}, chart] gives the divergence in the coordinates chart.
- [DivideBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DivideBy.en.md): x /= c divides x by c and returns the new value of x.
- [Divide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Divide.en.md): x/y or Divide[x, y] is equivalent to x y^-1.
- [Dividers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dividers.en.md): Dividers is an option for Grid and related constructs that specifies where and how to draw divider lines.
- [DivideSides](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DivideSides.en.md): DivideSides[rel, x] divides each side of the equation or inequality rel by x. DivideSides[rel1, rel2] divides the corresponding sides of two equations or inequalities. DivideSides[rel] divides each side of rel by the right-hand side, producing a 1 right-hand side.
- [Divisible](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Divisible.en.md): Divisible[n, m] yields True if n is divisible by m, and yields False if it is not.
- [Divisors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Divisors.en.md): Divisors[n] gives a list of the integers that divide n.
- [DivisorSigma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DivisorSigma.en.md): DivisorSigma[k, n] gives the divisor function \\[Sigma]k (n).
- [DivisorSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DivisorSum.en.md): DivisorSum[n, form] represents the sum of form[i] for all i that divide n. DivisorSum[n, form, cond] includes only those divisors for which cond[i] gives True.
- [DMSList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DMSList.en.md): DMSList[\\[Theta]] converts an angle \\[Theta] given in decimal degrees to a DMS list {degree, minute, second}. DMSList[dms] converts a DMS string to a DMS list {degree, minute, second}. DMSList[latlon] converts a latitude-longitude string to a pair of DMS lists. DMSList[GeoPosition[...]] converts GeoPosition data to a pair or array of pairs of DMS lists.
- [DMSString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DMSString.en.md): DMSString[\\[Theta]] converts an angle \\[Theta] given in decimal degrees to a degrees-minutes-seconds string. DMSString[{\\[Phi], \\[Lambda]}] converts latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees to a DMS latitude-longitude string. DMSString[{d, m, s}] converts a DMS list to a DMS string.
- [DockedCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DockedCell.en.md): DockedCell is an option for Cells that indicates whether to find cells created by DockedCells.
- [DockedCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DockedCells.en.md): DockedCells is an option for notebooks that gives a list of cells that are to be displayed docked at the top of the notebook.
- [DocumentGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DocumentGenerator.en.md): DocumentGenerator[template, timespec] represents a document generator with template template to be evaluated on the schedule defined by timespec. DocumentGenerator[template, driver, timespec] takes parameters for filling the template from driver.
- [DocumentGeneratorInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DocumentGeneratorInformation.en.md): DocumentGeneratorInformation[cloudobj] returns the properties of the DocumentGenerator cloudobj. DocumentGeneratorInformation[cloudobj, property] returns the value of the property property.
- [DocumentGenerators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DocumentGenerators.en.md): DocumentGenerators[] returns a list of CloudObject expressions that represent currently deployed document generators.
- [DocumentNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DocumentNotebook.en.md): DocumentNotebook[{cell1, cell2, ...}] represents a complete document notebook in the Wolfram System front end.
- [DocumentWeightingRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DocumentWeightingRules.en.md): DocumentWeightingRules is an option for TextSearch and related functions that allows the specification of weights for documents based on the values of fields in the search index.
- [Dodecahedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dodecahedron.en.md): Dodecahedron[] represents a regular dodecahedron centered at the origin with unit edge length. Dodecahedron[l] represents a dodecahedron with edge length l. Dodecahedron[{\\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] represents a dodecahedron rotated by an angle \\[Theta] with respect to the z axis and angle \\[Phi] with respect to the y axis. Dodecahedron[{x, y, z}, ...] represents a dodecahedron centered at {x, y, z}.
- [Do](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Do.en.md): Do[expr, n] evaluates expr n times. Do[expr, {i, imax}] evaluates expr with the variable i successively taking on the values 1 through imax (in steps of 1). Do[expr, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. Do[expr, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. Do[expr, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses the successive values i1, i2, .... Do[expr, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] evaluates expr looping over different values of j etc. for each i.
- [DominantColors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DominantColors.en.md): DominantColors[image] returns dominant colors in image. DominantColors[image, n] returns at most n dominant colors in image. DominantColors[image, n, prop] returns the specified property prop for the regions that belong to the same dominant color. DominantColors[image, n, prop, format] returns the output in the specified format. DominantColors[{image1, image2, ...}, ...] returns dominant colors in each imagei.
- [DominatorTreeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DominatorTreeGraph.en.md): DominatorTreeGraph[g, r] gives the dominator tree of the directed graph g from the root vertex r.
- [DominatorVertexList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DominatorVertexList.en.md): DominatorVertexList[g, r] gives the list of dominators of the directed graph g from the root vertex r.
- [DotDashed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DotDashed.en.md): DotDashed is a graphics directive specifying that lines that follow should be drawn dot-dashed.
- [Dot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dot.en.md): a . b . c or Dot[a, b, c] gives products of vectors, matrices, and tensors.
- [DotEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DotEqual.en.md): DotEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DotEqual] y \\[DotEqual] ....
- [DotLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DotLayer.en.md): DotLayer[] represents a net layer that takes the dot product of two or more arrays. DotLayer[{spec1, spec2, ...}] uses given transpose specifications for the respective inputs.
- [DotPlusLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DotPlusLayer.en.md): DotPlusLayer is being phased out in favor of LinearLayer, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.
- [Dotted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dotted.en.md): Dotted is a graphics directive specifying that lines that follow should be drawn dotted.
- [DoubleBracketingBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleBracketingBar.en.md): DoubleBracketingBar[x, y, ...] displays as \\[LeftDoubleBracketingBar]x, y, ...\\[RightDoubleBracketingBar].
- [DoubleDownArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleDownArrow.en.md): DoubleDownArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DoubleDownArrow]y....
- [DoubleLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleLeftArrow.en.md): DoubleLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DoubleLeftArrow] y \\[DoubleLeftArrow] ....
- [DoubleLeftRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleLeftRightArrow.en.md): DoubleLeftRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DoubleLeftRightArrow] y \\[DoubleLeftRightArrow] ....
- [DoubleLeftTee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleLeftTee.en.md): DoubleLeftTee[x, y] displays as x \\[DoubleLeftTee] y.
- [DoubleLongLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleLongLeftArrow.en.md): DoubleLongLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]y\\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]....
- [DoubleLongLeftRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleLongLeftRightArrow.en.md): DoubleLongLeftRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow]y\\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow]....
- [DoubleLongRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleLongRightArrow.en.md): DoubleLongRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DoubleLongRightArrow]y\\[DoubleLongRightArrow]....
- [DoubleRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleRightArrow.en.md): DoubleRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DoubleRightArrow] y \\[DoubleRightArrow] ....
- [DoubleRightTee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleRightTee.en.md): DoubleRightTee[x, y] displays as x \\[DoubleRightTee] y.
- [DoubleUpArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleUpArrow.en.md): DoubleUpArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DoubleUpArrow]y\\[DoubleUpArrow]....
- [DoubleUpDownArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleUpDownArrow.en.md): DoubleUpDownArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DoubleUpDownArrow]y\\[DoubleUpDownArrow]....
- [DoubleVerticalBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DoubleVerticalBar.en.md): DoubleVerticalBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DoubleVerticalBar] y \\[DoubleVerticalBar] ....
- [DownArrowBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownArrowBar.en.md): DownArrowBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownArrowBar]y\\[DownArrowBar]....
- [DownArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownArrow.en.md): DownArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownArrow]y\\[DownArrow]....
- [DownArrowUpArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownArrowUpArrow.en.md): DownArrowUpArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownArrowUpArrow]y\\[DownArrowUpArrow]....
- [DownLeftRightVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownLeftRightVector.en.md): DownLeftRightVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownLeftRightVector]y\\[DownLeftRightVector]....
- [DownLeftTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownLeftTeeVector.en.md): DownLeftTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DownLeftTeeVector] y \\[DownLeftTeeVector] ....
- [DownLeftVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownLeftVectorBar.en.md): DownLeftVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownLeftVectorBar]y\\[DownLeftVectorBar]....
- [DownLeftVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownLeftVector.en.md): DownLeftVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DownLeftVector] y \\[DownLeftVector] ....
- [DownRightTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownRightTeeVector.en.md): DownRightTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DownRightTeeVector] y \\[DownRightTeeVector] ....
- [DownRightVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownRightVectorBar.en.md): DownRightVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownRightVectorBar]y\\[DownRightVectorBar]....
- [DownRightVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownRightVector.en.md): DownRightVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[DownRightVector] y \\[DownRightVector] ....
- [Downsample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Downsample.en.md): Downsample[array, n] returns a downsampled version of the array by sampling every n^th element. Downsample[array, n, offset] starts sampling from the element at position offset. Downsample[image, ...] downsamples an image.
- [DownTeeArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownTeeArrow.en.md): DownTeeArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[DownTeeArrow]y\\[DownTeeArrow]....
- [DownTee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownTee.en.md): DownTee[x, y] displays as x \\[DownTee] y.
- [DownValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownValues.en.md): DownValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all downvalues (values for f[...]) defined for the symbol f. DownValues[symbol] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all downvalues defined for the symbol named  symbol if it exists.
- [DownValuesFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DownValuesFunction.en.md): DownValuesFunction[sym] represents a function that uses definitions attached to sym when compiling.
- [DragAndDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DragAndDrop.en.md): As of Version 10.4, DragAndDrop is no longer supported.
- [DrazinInverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DrazinInverse.en.md): DrazinInverse[m] finds the Drazin generalized inverse m^D of a square matrix m.
- [Drop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Drop.en.md): Drop[list, n] gives list with its first n elements dropped. Drop[list, -n] gives list with its last n elements dropped. Drop[list, {n}] gives list with its n^th element dropped. Drop[list, {m, n}] gives list with elements m through n dropped. Drop[list, {m, n, s}] gives list with elements m through n in steps of s dropped. Drop[list, seq1, seq2, ...] gives a nested list in which elements specified by seqi have been dropped at level i in list.
- [DropoutLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DropoutLayer.en.md): DropoutLayer[] represents a net layer that sets its input elements to zero with probability 0.5 during training. DropoutLayer[p] sets its input elements to zero with probability p during training.
- [DropShadowing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DropShadowing.en.md): DropShadowing[] is a two-dimensional directive specifying that graphics objects are to be drawn with an additional blurred offset image. DropShadowing[{dx, dy}] uses an absolute offset {dx, dy}. DropShadowing[{dx, dy}, r] applies a blur effect with radius r. DropShadowing[{dx, dy}, r, col] uses the specified color col for the blurred offset image.
- [DSolveChangeVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DSolveChangeVariables.en.md): DSolveChangeVariables[dsolve, u, t, trans] changes the solution function in dsolve to u(t) using the transformation trans. DSolveChangeVariables[dsolve, {u1, u2, ...}, t, trans] changes the solution functions in the system to {u1(t), ..., un(t)}. DSolveChangeVariables[dsolve, u, {t1, ..., tn}, trans] changes the solution function in the partial differential equation to u (t1, ..., tn).
- [DSolveConstants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DSolveConstants.en.md): Since Version 5.0 (released in 2003), DSolveConstants has been superseded by GeneratedParameters.
- [DSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DSolve.en.md): DSolve[eqn] solves a differential equation eqn. DSolve[eqn, u, x] solves a differential equation for the function u, with independent variable x. DSolve[eqn, u, {x, xmin, xmax}] solves a differential equation for x between xmin and xmax. DSolve[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {u1, u2, ...}, ...] solves a list of differential equations. DSolve[eqn, u, {x1, x2, ...}] solves a partial differential equation. DSolve[eqn, u, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega]] solves the partial differential equation eqn ...
- [DSolveValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DSolveValue.en.md): DSolveValue[eqn, expr, x] gives the value of expr determined by a symbolic solution to the ordinary differential equation eqn with independent variable x. DSolveValue[eqn, expr, {x, xmin, xmax}] uses a symbolic solution for x between xmin and xmax. DSolveValue[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, expr, ...] uses a symbolic solution for a list of differential equations. DSolveValue[eqn, expr, {x1, x2, ...}] uses a solution for the partial differential equation eqn. DSolveValue[eqn, expr, {x1, x2, ...} ...
- [DStabilityConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DStabilityConditions.en.md): DStabilityConditions[eqn, x[t], t] gives the fixed points and stability conditions for a differential equation. DStabilityConditions[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {x1[t], x2[t], ...}, t] gives the fixed points and stability conditions for a system of differential equations. DStabilityConditions[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {x1[t], x2[t], ...}, t, {pnt1, pnt2, ...}] gives the stability conditions for the given fixed points.
- [Dt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dt.en.md): Dt[f, x] gives the total derivative d f/d x. Dt[f] gives the total differential d f. Dt[f, {x, n}] gives the multiple derivative d^n f/d x^n. Dt[f, x1, x2, ...] gives d/d x1 d/d x2 ... f.
- [DualPlanarGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DualPlanarGraph.en.md): DualPlanarGraph[g] gives the dual of the planar graph g.
- [DualPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DualPolyhedron.en.md): DualPolyhedron[poly] gives the dual polyhedron of the polyhedron poly.
- [DualSystemsModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DualSystemsModel.en.md): DualSystemsModel[ssm] gives the dual of the state-space model ssm.
- [Dump](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dump.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), Dump has been superseded by DumpSave.
- [DumpSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DumpSave.en.md): DumpSave[file.mx, symbol] writes definitions associated with a symbol to a file in internal Wolfram System format. DumpSave[file.mx,  context`] writes out definitions associated with all symbols in the specified context. DumpSave[file.mx, {object1, object2, ...}] writes out definitions for several symbols or contexts. DumpSave[package`, objects] chooses the name of the output file based on the computer system used.
- [DuplicateFreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DuplicateFreeQ.en.md): DuplicateFreeQ[list] gives True if list has no duplicates, and False otherwise. DuplicateFreeQ[list, test] applies test to pairs of elements to determine whether they should be considered duplicates.
- [Duration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Duration.en.md): Duration[expr] returns the duration of expr. Duration[expr, unit] returns the result in the specified unit.
- [Dynamic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dynamic.en.md): Dynamic[expr] represents an object that displays as the dynamically updated current value of expr. If the displayed form of Dynamic[expr] is interactively changed or edited, an assignment expr = val is done to give expr the new value val that corresponds to the displayed form. Dynamic[expr, None] does not allow interactive changing or editing. Dynamic[expr, f] continually evaluates f[val, expr] during interactive changing or editing of val. Dynamic[expr, {f, fend}] also evaluates fend[val, ...
- [DynamicEvaluationTimeout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicEvaluationTimeout.en.md): DynamicEvaluationTimeout is an option for displayed objects, cells, and notebooks that specifies the timeout in seconds for any Dynamic computations they contain.
- [DynamicGeoGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicGeoGraphics.en.md): DynamicGeoGraphics[primitives, options] represents a dynamic, interactive, two-dimensional geographical image.
- [DynamicImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicImage.en.md): DynamicImage[image] displays a dynamic version of image, supporting panning, zooming, etc. DynamicImage[file] displays a dynamic version of the image stored in file. DynamicImage[url] displays a dynamic version of the image stored in url.
- [DynamicModuleBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModuleBox.en.md): DynamicModuleBox[{x, y, ...}, expr] is a low-level construct that represents a DynamicModule with localized symbols x, y, .... DynamicModuleBox[{x = x0, y = y0, ...}, expr] specifies values for x, y, ....
- [DynamicModuleBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModuleBoxOptions.en.md): DynamicModuleBoxOptions -> {opt1 -> val1, opt2 -> val2, ...} is an option that specifies settings for DynamicModuleBox objects.
- [DynamicModule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.en.md): DynamicModule[{x, y, ...}, expr] represents an object which maintains the same local instance of the symbols x, y, ... in the course of all evaluations of Dynamic objects in expr. Symbols specified in a DynamicModule will by default have their values maintained even across Wolfram System sessions. DynamicModule[{x = x0, y = y0, ...}, expr] specifies initial values for x, y, ....
- [DynamicModuleValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModuleValues.en.md): DynamicModuleValues is an option for DynamicModule that stores downvalues of local symbols.
- [DynamicSetting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicSetting.en.md): DynamicSetting[e] represents an object which displays as e, but is interpreted as the dynamically updated current value of Setting[e] if supplied as Wolfram Language input. DynamicSetting[f, e] displays as e, but is interpreted as f[e] if supplied as input.
- [DynamicUpdating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicUpdating.en.md): DynamicUpdating is an option for displayed objects, cells and notebooks that specifies whether dynamic objects and option values in their contents will update.
- [DynamicWrapper](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicWrapper.en.md): DynamicWrapper[e, expr] represents an object that displays as e, but dynamically updates the expression expr whenever that object is visible on screen.
- [EarthImpactData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EarthImpactData.en.md): EarthImpactData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the earth impact crater entity. EarthImpactData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified earth impact crater names. EarthImpactData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [EarthquakeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EarthquakeData.en.md): EarthquakeData[loc] gives all earthquake properties for the location corresponding to loc. EarthquakeData[loc, mag] restricts earthquakes returned to the magnitude range mag. EarthquakeData[loc, mag, {start, end}] gives earthquake data within the magnitude range mag during the time interval start to end. EarthquakeData[loc, mag, {start, end}, property] gives a time series for the specific earthquake property for earthquakes within the magnitude range mag during the time interval start to end. ...
- [EccentricityCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EccentricityCentrality.en.md): EccentricityCentrality[g] gives a list of eccentricity centralities for the vertices in the graph g. EccentricityCentrality[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Echo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Echo.en.md): Echo[expr] prints expr and returns expr. Echo[expr, label] prints expr prepending label and returns expr. Echo[expr, label, f] prints f[expr] prepending label and returns expr.
- [EchoEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EchoEvaluation.en.md): EchoEvaluation[expr] prints expr before evaluation, then prints the result after evaluation and returns that result. EchoEvaluation[expr, label] prepends label when printing expr before and after evaluation. EchoEvaluation[expr, label1 -> label2] prepends label1 before evaluation and label2 after evaluation. EchoEvaluation[expr, labels, f] prints expr before evaluation, then evaluates expr to the result res and prints f[res]. EchoEvaluation[expr, labels, g -> f] prints g[expr] before ...
- [EchoFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EchoFunction.en.md): EchoFunction[f][expr] prints f[expr] and returns expr. EchoFunction[label, f][expr] prints f[expr] prepending label and returns expr.
- [EchoLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EchoLabel.en.md): EchoLabel[label][expr] prints expr prepending label and returns expr.
- [EchoTiming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EchoTiming.en.md): EchoTiming[expr] evaluates expr, prints the time in seconds used and returns the result of the evaluation. EchoTiming[expr, label] prints the timing, prepending label.
- [EclipseType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EclipseType.en.md): EclipseType is an option for SolarEclipse and LunarEclipse that specifies the type of eclipse being queried for.
- [EdgeAdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeAdd.en.md): EdgeAdd[g, e] makes a graph by adding the edge e to the graph g. EdgeAdd[g, {e1, e2, ...}] adds a collection of edges to g. EdgeAdd[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeBetweennessCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeBetweennessCentrality.en.md): EdgeBetweennessCentrality[g] gives a list of betweenness centralities for the edges in the graph g. EdgeBetweennessCentrality[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeCapacity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeCapacity.en.md): EdgeCapacity is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies an edge capacity.
- [EdgeChromaticNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeChromaticNumber.en.md): EdgeChromaticNumber[g] gives the chromatic number for the edges of the graph g.
- [EdgeConnectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeConnectivity.en.md): EdgeConnectivity[g] gives the edge connectivity of the graph g. EdgeConnectivity[g, s, t] gives the s-t edge connectivity of the graph g. EdgeConnectivity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeContract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeContract.en.md): EdgeContract[g, e] contracts the edge e of the graph g. EdgeContract[g, {e1, e2, ...}] contracts a collection of edges e1, e2, .... EdgeContract[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeCost](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeCost.en.md): EdgeCost is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies an edge cost.
- [EdgeCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeCount.en.md): EdgeCount[g] gives a count of the number of edges in the graph g. EdgeCount[g, patt] gives a count of the number of edges that match the pattern patt. EdgeCount[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeCoverQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeCoverQ.en.md): EdgeCoverQ[g, elist] yields True if the edge list elist is an edge cover of the graph g and False otherwise.
- [EdgeCycleMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeCycleMatrix.en.md): EdgeCycleMatrix[g] gives the edge cycle matrix of a graph g. EdgeCycleMatrix[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeDelete.en.md): EdgeDelete[g, e] makes a graph by deleting the edge e from the graph g. EdgeDelete[g, {e1, e2, ...}] deletes a collection of edges from g. EdgeDelete[g, patt] deletes all edges that match the pattern patt. EdgeDelete[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeDetect.en.md): EdgeDetect[image] finds edges in image and returns the result as a binary image. EdgeDetect[image, r] finds edges at the scale of the specified pixel range r. EdgeDetect[image, r, t] uses a threshold t for selecting image edges.
- [EdgeForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeForm.en.md): EdgeForm[g] is a graphics directive that specifies that edges of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using the graphics directive or list of directives g.
- [EdgeIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeIndex.en.md): EdgeIndex[g, e] gives the integer index for the edge e in the graph g. EdgeIndex[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeLabeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeLabeling.en.md): As of Version 12.0, EdgeLabeling has been superseded by EdgeLabels.
- [EdgeLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeLabels.en.md): EdgeLabels is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies what labels and label positions should be used for edges.
- [EdgeLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeLabelStyle.en.md): EdgeLabelStyle is an option and property for Graph and related functions that specifies the style to use for edge labels.
- [EdgeList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeList.en.md): EdgeList[g] gives the list of edges for the graph g. EdgeList[g, patt] gives a list of edges that match the pattern patt. EdgeList[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeQ.en.md): EdgeQ[g, e] yields True if e is an edge in the graph g and False otherwise.
- [EdgeRenderingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeRenderingFunction.en.md): As of Version 12.0, EdgeRenderingFunction has been superseded by EdgeShapeFunction.
- [EdgeRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeRules.en.md): EdgeRules[g] gives the list of edge rules for the graph g. EdgeRules[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [EdgeShapeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeShapeFunction.en.md): EdgeShapeFunction is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies a function to use to generate primitives for rendering each edge.
- [EdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeStyle.en.md): EdgeStyle is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies what style to use for edges.
- [EdgeTaggedGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeTaggedGraph.en.md): EdgeTaggedGraph[{e1, e2, ...}] yields a graph with edges ej tagged with unique tags. EdgeTaggedGraph[{e1, e2, ...} -> {t1, t2, ...}] yields a graph with edges ej tagged with tj. EdgeTaggedGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...} -> {t1, t2, ...}] yields a graph with vertices vi and edges ej tagged with tj. EdgeTaggedGraph[{..., wi[vi], ...}, {..., wj[ej], ...} -> {t1, t2, ...}] yields a graph with vertex and edge annotations defined by the symbolic wrappers wk.
- [EdgeTaggedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeTaggedGraphQ.en.md): EdgeTaggedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g has edges tagged and False otherwise.
- [EdgeTags](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeTags.en.md): EdgeTags[g] gives the list of tags for all edges in the graph g. EdgeTags[g, {u, v}] gives the list of tags for edges between u and v.
- [EdgeTransitiveGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeTransitiveGraphQ.en.md): EdgeTransitiveGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a edge-transitive graph and False otherwise.
- [EdgeValueRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeValueRange.en.md): EdgeValueRange is an option for GeoGraphValuePlot that specifies the range of edge values to include in a plot.
- [EdgeValueSizes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeValueSizes.en.md): EdgeValueSizes is an option for GeoGraphValuePlot that specifies the thicknesses used to show edge values in a plot.
- [EdgeWeightedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeWeightedGraphQ.en.md): EdgeWeightedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is an edge-weighted graph and False otherwise.
- [EdgeWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EdgeWeight.en.md): EdgeWeight is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies an edge weight.
- [Editable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Editable.en.md): Editable is an option for displayed objects, cells, and notebooks that specifies whether their contents can be edited interactively using the front end.
- [EditCellTagsSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EditCellTagsSettings.en.md): EditCellTagsSettings is a global option that specifies settings for the Edit Cell Tags dialog box.
- [EditDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EditDistance.en.md): EditDistance[u, v] gives the edit or Levenshtein distance between strings, vectors or biomolecular sequences u and v.
- [E](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/E.en.md): E is the exponential constant E (base of natural logarithms), with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 2.71828.
- [EffectiveInterest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EffectiveInterest.en.md): EffectiveInterest[r, q] gives the effective interest rate corresponding to interest specification r, compounded at time intervals q.
- [Eigensystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Eigensystem.en.md): Eigensystem[m] gives a list {values, vectors} of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the square matrix m. Eigensystem[{m, a}] gives the generalized eigenvalues and eigenvectors of m with respect to a. Eigensystem[m, k] gives the eigenvalues and eigenvectors for the first k eigenvalues of m. Eigensystem[{m, a}, k] gives the first k generalized eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
- [EigenvalueDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EigenvalueDecomposition.en.md): EigenvalueDecomposition[a] yields the eigenvalue decomposition of the diagonalizable square matrix a.
- [Eigenvalues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Eigenvalues.en.md): Eigenvalues[m] gives a list of the eigenvalues of the square matrix m. Eigenvalues[{m, a}] gives the generalized eigenvalues of m with respect to a. Eigenvalues[m, k] gives the first k eigenvalues of m. Eigenvalues[{m, a}, k] gives the first k generalized eigenvalues.
- [EigenvectorCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EigenvectorCentrality.en.md): EigenvectorCentrality[g] gives a list of eigenvector centralities for the vertices in the graph g. EigenvectorCentrality[g, In] gives a list of in-centralities for a directed graph g. EigenvectorCentrality[g, Out] gives a list of out-centralities for a directed graph g. EigenvectorCentrality[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Eigenvectors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Eigenvectors.en.md): Eigenvectors[m] gives a list of the eigenvectors of the square matrix m. Eigenvectors[{m, a}] gives the generalized eigenvectors of m with respect to a. Eigenvectors[m, k] gives the first k eigenvectors of m. Eigenvectors[{m, a}, k] gives the first k generalized eigenvectors.
- [ElectricCurrentDensityValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentDensityValue.en.md): ElectricCurrentDensityValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a current density boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. ElectricCurrentDensityValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a current density boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [ElectricCurrentPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentPDEComponent.en.md): ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields an electric current PDE term with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [ElectricFluxDensityValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricFluxDensityValue.en.md): ElectricFluxDensityValue[pred, vars, pars] represents an electric flux density boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. ElectricFluxDensityValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents an electric flux density boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [ElectricPotentialCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricPotentialCondition.en.md): ElectricPotentialCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents an electric potential surface boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. ElectricPotentialCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents an electric potential surface boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [ElectricSymmetryValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricSymmetryValue.en.md): ElectricSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars] represents an electric symmetry boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. ElectricSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents an electric symmetry boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [ElectrostaticPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectrostaticPDEComponent.en.md): ElectrostaticPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields an electrostatic PDE term with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [ElementData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElementData.en.md): ElementData[name,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the chemical element  name. ElementData[n,  property] gives the specified property for the n^th chemical element.
- [Element](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Element.en.md): Element[x, dom] or x \\[Element] dom asserts that x is an element of the domain dom. Element[x, reg] or x \\[Element] reg asserts that x is an element of the region reg. Element[x1 | x2 | ..., dom] asserts that all the xi are elements of dom. Element[patt, dom] asserts that any expression matching the pattern patt is an element of dom.
- [Elementwise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Elementwise.en.md): Elementwise[f][{x1, ..., xn}, {y1, ..., yn}] gives {f[x1, y1], ..., f[xn, yn]}. Elementwise[f][arg1, ...] threads over any lists in arg1, ....
- [ElementwiseLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElementwiseLayer.en.md): ElementwiseLayer[f] represents a net layer that applies a unary function f to every element of the input array. ElementwiseLayer[name] applies the function specified by  name.
- [ElidedForms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElidedForms.en.md): ElidedForms is an option to TextString and related functions that specifies which expressions should be elided.
- [Eliminate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Eliminate.en.md): Eliminate[eqns, vars] eliminates variables between a set of simultaneous equations.
- [Ellipsoid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ellipsoid.en.md): Ellipsoid[p, {r1, ...}] represents an axis-aligned ellipsoid centered at the point p and with semiaxes lengths ri. Ellipsoid[p, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents an ellipsoid centered at p and weight matrix \\[CapitalSigma].
- [EllipticE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticE.en.md): EllipticE[m] gives the complete elliptic integral EllipticE[m]. EllipticE[\\[Phi], m] gives the elliptic integral of the second kind \\[Phi].
- [EllipticExp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticExp.en.md): EllipticExp[u, {a, b}] is the inverse for EllipticLog. It produces a list {x, y} such that u == EllipticLog[{x, y}, {a, b}].
- [EllipticExpPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticExpPrime.en.md): EllipticExpPrime[u, {a, b}] gives the derivative of EllipticExp[u, {a, b}] with respect to u.
- [EllipticF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticF.en.md): EllipticF[\\[Phi], m] gives the elliptic integral of the first kind \\[Phi].
- [EllipticFilterModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticFilterModel.en.md): EllipticFilterModel[n] designs a lowpass elliptic filter of order n. EllipticFilterModel[{n, \\[Omega]c}] uses the cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c. EllipticFilterModel[{ type, spec}] designs an elliptic filter of the specified type  type, using the spec. EllipticFilterModel[{ type, spec}, var] expresses the model in terms of the variable var.
- [EllipticK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticK.en.md): EllipticK[m] gives the complete elliptic integral of the first kind EllipticK[m].
- [EllipticLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticLog.en.md): EllipticLog[{x, y}, {a, b}] gives the generalized logarithm associated with the elliptic curve y^2 = x^3 + a x^2 + b x.
- [EllipticNomeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticNomeQ.en.md): EllipticNomeQ[m] gives the nome q corresponding to the parameter m in an elliptic function.
- [EllipticPi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticPi.en.md): EllipticPi[n, m] gives the complete elliptic integral of the third kind n. EllipticPi[n, \\[Phi], m] gives the incomplete elliptic integral EllipticPi[n, \\[Phi], m].
- [EllipticTheta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticTheta.en.md): EllipticTheta[a, u, q] gives the theta function EllipticTheta[a,u,q] (a = 1, ..., 4). EllipticTheta[a, q] gives the theta constant a == EllipticTheta[a,0,q].
- [EllipticThetaPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EllipticThetaPrime.en.md): EllipticThetaPrime[a, u, q] gives the derivative with respect to u of the theta function EllipticTheta[a,u,q] (a = 1, ..., 4). EllipticThetaPrime[a, q] gives the theta constant EllipticThetaPrime[a,0,q].
- [EmbedCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmbedCode.en.md): EmbedCode[obj] generates the code necessary to embed the object obj on a webpage. EmbedCode[obj,  dest] generates code for an external environment or language of type  dest. EmbedCode[obj,  dest, dir] saves the generated code as files in the directory dir. EmbedCode[obj,  dest, loc] saves the generated code as a file archive in the file location loc.
- [EmbeddedHTML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmbeddedHTML.en.md): EmbeddedHTML[string] is an object that formats as a web frame containing the HTML content  string. EmbeddedHTML[URL[url]] formats as a rendering of the webpage corresponding to the specified URL. EmbeddedHTML[CloudObject[...]] formats as a web rendering of the specified cloud object.
- [EmbeddedService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmbeddedService.en.md): EmbeddedService[service] is an object that formats as a web frame containing content from the specified external service.
- [EmbeddedSQLEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmbeddedSQLEntityClass.en.md): EmbeddedSQLEntityClass[string, props] represents a verbatim SQL query to be interpreted as an entity class with properties given by props. EmbeddedSQLEntityClass[template, props, args] represents an SQL query string template with arguments provided by args.
- [EmbeddedSQLExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmbeddedSQLExpression.en.md): EmbeddedSQLExpression[string] represents an SQL expression to be evaluated verbatim within an EntityFunction object. EmbeddedSQLExpression[template, args] represents an SQL expression string template with arguments provided by args.
- [EmbeddingLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmbeddingLayer.en.md): EmbeddingLayer[size, n] represents a trainable net layer that embeds integers between 1 and n into a continuous vector space of dimension size. EmbeddingLayer[size] leaves the n to be inferred from context.
- [EmitSound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmitSound.en.md): EmitSound[snd] emits the sound snd when evaluated. EmitSound[{snd1, snd2, ...}] emits each of the sounds sndi in sequence.
- [EmpiricalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmpiricalDistribution.en.md): EmpiricalDistribution[{x1, x2, ...}] represents an empirical distribution based on the data values xi. EmpiricalDistribution[{{x1, y1, ...}, {x2, y2, ...}, ...}] represents a multivariate empirical distribution based on the data values {xi, yi, ...}. EmpiricalDistribution[{w1, w2, ...} -> {d1, d2, ...}] represents an empirical distribution where data values di occur with weights wi.
- [EmptyGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmptyGraphQ.en.md): EmptyGraphQ[g] yields True if g is an empty graph and False otherwise.
- [EmptyRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmptyRegion.en.md): EmptyRegion[n] represents the empty subset of \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n.
- [EmptySpaceF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EmptySpaceF.en.md): EmptySpaceF[pdata, r] estimates the empty space function F(r) for point data pdata at radius r. EmptySpaceF[pproc, r] computes F(r) for point process pproc. EmptySpaceF[bdata, r] computes F(r) for binned data bdata. EmptySpaceF[pspec] generates the function F that can be applied repeatedly to different radii r.
- [Enabled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Enabled.en.md): Enabled is an option for objects such as Slider that specifies whether the objects should be enabled for interactive manipulation.
- [Enclose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Enclose.en.md): Enclose[expr] evaluates expr, returning a Failure if an uncaught error is generated. Enclose[expr, f] returns f[err] for the caught error err. Enclose[expr, f, tag] only catches errors generated with a tag matching tag.
- [Encode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encode.en.md): Encode[source,  dest] writes an encoded version of the file source to the file dest. << dest decodes the file before reading its contents. Encode[source,  dest,  key] produces an encoded file that must be read in using Get[dest,  key].
- [EncryptedObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EncryptedObject.en.md): EncryptedObject[assoc] represents encrypted data generated by Encrypt.
- [Encrypt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Encrypt.en.md): Encrypt[password, expr] encrypts expr using the specified password, to give an encrypted object. Encrypt[keyspec, expr] encrypts expr using the cryptographic key specification keyspec. Encrypt[expr] interactively requests a password with which to encrypt expr.
- [EncryptFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EncryptFile.en.md): EncryptFile[password, file] generates an encrypted version of a file, using the specified password. EncryptFile[password, source, target] generates an encrypted version of source, putting the result in target. EncryptFile[keyspec, source, ...] encrypts using the cryptographic key specification keyspec.
- [EndDialogPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EndDialogPacket.en.md): EndDialogPacket[integer] is a WSTP packet indicating the end of the Dialog subsession referenced by integer.
- [End](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/End.en.md): End[] returns the present context, and reverts to the previous one.
- [EndOfBuffer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EndOfBuffer.en.md): EndOfBuffer is a symbol that represents the end of currently available data in the buffer for a process or stream.
- [EndOfFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EndOfFile.en.md): EndOfFile is a symbol returned by Read when it reaches the end of a file.
- [EndOfLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EndOfLine.en.md): EndOfLine represents the end of a line in a string for purposes of matching in StringExpression.
- [EndOfString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EndOfString.en.md): EndOfString represents the end of a string for purposes of matching in StringExpression.
- [EndPackage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EndPackage.en.md): EndPackage[] restores $Context and $ContextPath to their values before the preceding BeginPackage, and prepends the current context to the list $ContextPath.
- [EngineeringForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EngineeringForm.en.md): EngineeringForm[expr] prints with all real numbers in expr given in engineering notation. EngineeringForm[expr, n] prints with numbers given to n-digit precision.
- [EnterExpressionPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EnterExpressionPacket.en.md): EnterExpressionPacket[expr] is a WSTP packet that requests the evaluation of expr.
- [EnterTextPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EnterTextPacket.en.md): EnterTextPacket[string] is a WSTP packet that requests the parsing and evaluation of string as an expression.
- [EntityAugmentColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityAugmentColumns.en.md): EntityAugmentColumns[tab, col, prop] adds a new column with name prop whose values are computed as EntityValue[ei, prop] for the entities ei of the column col of the tabular data tab. EntityAugmentColumns[tab, col, ncol -> prop] adds a new column with name ncol. EntityAugmentColumns[tab, col, {SubscriptBox[prop, 1], SubscriptBox[prop, 2], ...}] adds several new columns for the properties SubscriptBox[prop, i], with name also SubscriptBox[prop, i]. EntityAugmentColumns[tab, col, {ncol1 ...
- [EntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityClass.en.md): EntityClass[type, name] represents a class of entities of the specified type identified by name. EntityClass[type, {property1 -> vspec1, property2 -> vspec2, ...}] represents an implicitly defined entity class containing entities of the specified type for which the properties propertyi conform to the value selector vspeci. EntityClass[cspec, psel] represents an entity class with members specified by cspec, selected by the property selector psel.
- [EntityClassList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityClassList.en.md): EntityClassList[type] gives a list of entity classes for the specified type of entity.
- [EntityCopies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityCopies.en.md): EntityCopies[entity, n] represents n copies of entity.
- [Entity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Entity.en.md): Entity[type, name] represents an entity of the specified type, identified by name. Entity[cspec, name] represents an entity from the computed class, specified by cspec.
- [EntityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityFunction.en.md): EntityFunction[x, body] is a function with a single formal parameter x, to be used in EntityValue and related functions. EntityFunction[{x1, x2, ...}, body] is an EntityFunction with a list of formal parameters.
- [EntityGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityGroup.en.md): EntityGroup[{entity1, entity2, ...}] represents a group of entities.
- [EntityInstance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityInstance.en.md): EntityInstance[entity, qual -> val] represents an entity whose qualifier qual has value val. EntityInstance[entity, {qual1 -> val1, qual2 -> val2, ...}] represents an entity whose qualifiers quali have values vali. EntityInstance[entity, quantity] represents an entity qualified by quantity.
- [EntityList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityList.en.md): EntityList[class] gives a list of entities in the specified entity class. EntityList[type] gives a list of entities of the specified type. EntityList[class, simplify] gives a list of entities; simplify determines whether to reduce entities to the simplest possible type.
- [EntityPrefetch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityPrefetch.en.md): EntityPrefetch[type] fetches cacheable values associated with all entities of the specified type. EntityPrefetch[EntityProperty[type,  prop]] fetches all values for the specified property.
- [EntityProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityProperties.en.md): EntityProperties[type] lists properties associated with entity type type.
- [EntityPropertyClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityPropertyClass.en.md): EntityPropertyClass[type, pcname] represents a class of properties identified by the name pcname.
- [EntityProperty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityProperty.en.md): EntityProperty[type, pname] represents a property identified by pname for use in EntityValue. EntityProperty[class, pname] represents a property introduced by the computed entity class class. EntityProperty[type, pname, {qual1 -> val1, qual2 -> val2, ...}] represents a property modified by the qualifier rules quali -> vali.
- [EntityRegister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityRegister.en.md): EntityRegister[estore] registers the entities in the entity store estore so that they can be accessed directly using Entity.
- [EntityStore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityStore.en.md): EntityStore[type] represents an empty entity store for entities of type type. EntityStore[type -> data] represents an entity store for entities of type type with properties and values defined by data. EntityStore[{tspec1, tspec2, ...}] represents an entity store for entities of multiple types. EntityStore[RelationalDatabase[...]] constructs an entity store from the schema of an external database. EntityStore[{tspec1, tspec2, ...}, dbspec] constructs an entity store by mapping table names ...
- [EntityStores](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityStores.en.md): EntityStores[] gives a list of all registered entity stores that are accessed when Entity is used.
- [EntityType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityType.en.md): EntityType[type] represents an entity type with the specified name. EntityType[type -> SubscriptBox[child, 1] -> SubscriptBox[child, 2] -> ...] represents a child entity type of  type.
- [EntityTypeName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityTypeName.en.md): EntityTypeName[entity] gives the name of the entity type of entity. EntityTypeName[{entity1, ..., entityn}] gives the name of the entity type for entity1 through entityn.
- [EntityUnregister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityUnregister.en.md): EntityUnregister[type] unregisters all entities in the first entity store that defines entities of the specified type. EntityUnregister[store] unregisters all entities in the specified entity store.
- [EntityValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntityValue.en.md): EntityValue[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the given entity. EntityValue[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives the list of values of the specified property for each of the entityi. EntityValue[class, property] gives the list of values of the specified property for all entities in the specified class. EntityValue[entity, {property1, property2, ...}] gives the list of values of the propertyi for the specified entity. EntityValue[ents, {property1, property2, ...
- [Entropy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Entropy.en.md): Entropy[data] gives the base E information entropy of the values in data. Entropy[k, data] gives the base k information entropy.
- [EntropyFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EntropyFilter.en.md): EntropyFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the entropy value in its range-r neighborhood. EntropyFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [Environment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Environment.en.md): Environment[var] gives the value of an operating system environment variable.
- [Epilog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Epilog.en.md): Epilog is an option for graphics functions that gives a list of graphics primitives to be rendered after the main part of the graphics is rendered.
- [EpilogFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EpilogFunction.en.md): EpilogFunction is an option for DocumentGenerator allowing arbitrary code to be executed after a document is generated.
- [Equal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Equal.en.md): lhs == rhs or Equal[lhs, rhs] returns True if lhs and rhs are identical.
- [EqualTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EqualTilde.en.md): EqualTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[EqualTilde] y \\[EqualTilde] ....
- [EqualTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EqualTo.en.md): EqualTo[y] is an operator form that yields x == y when applied to an expression x.
- [Equilibrium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Equilibrium.en.md): Equilibrium[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Equilibrium] y \\[Equilibrium] ....
- [EquirippleFilterKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EquirippleFilterKernel.en.md): EquirippleFilterKernel[{{{\\[Omega] L1, \\[Omega] R1}, {\\[Omega] L2, \\ \\[Omega] R2}, ...}, {a1, a2, ...}}, n] creates a finite impulse response (FIR) filter kernel of length n with an equiripple amplitude response, given the specified left and right band edge frequencies {\\[Omega]Li, \\[Omega]Ri} and amplitudes ai. EquirippleFilterKernel[{{{\\[Omega] L1, \\[Omega] R1}, {\\[Omega] L2, \\ \\[Omega] R2}, ...}, {a1, a2, ...}, {w1, ...}}, n] uses relative weights wi for each frequency band. ...
- [Equivalent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Equivalent.en.md): Equivalent[e1, e2, ...] represents the logical equivalence e1 \\[DoubleLeftRightArrow] e2 \\[DoubleLeftRightArrow] ..., giving True when all of the ei are the same.
- [EquivalentStrain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EquivalentStrain.en.md): EquivalentStrain[vars, pars, strain] yields the equivalent strain from the strain matrix strain.
- [Erfc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Erfc.en.md): Erfc[z] gives the complementary error function erfc (z).
- [Erf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Erf.en.md): Erf[z] gives the error function erf (z). Erf[z0, z1] gives the generalized error function erf(z1) - erf (z0).
- [Erfi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Erfi.en.md): Erfi[z] gives the imaginary error function erf (i z)/i.
- [ErlangB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ErlangB.en.md): ErlangB[c, a] computes the Erlang B loss probability for an M/M/c/c queue.
- [ErlangC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ErlangC.en.md): ErlangC[c, a] computes the Erlang C probability for nonzero waiting time in an M/M/c queue.
- [ErlangDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ErlangDistribution.en.md): ErlangDistribution[k, \\[Lambda]] represents the Erlang distribution with shape parameter k and rate \\[Lambda].
- [Erosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Erosion.en.md): Erosion[image, ker] gives the morphological erosion of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Erosion[image, r] gives the erosion with respect to a range-r square. Erosion[data, ...] applies erosion to an array of data.
- [ErrorBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ErrorBox.en.md): ErrorBox[boxes] is a low-level box construct that represents boxes that cannot be interpreted in input or output.
- [EscapeRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EscapeRadius.en.md): EscapeRadius is an option to MandelbrotSetPlot that specifies the criterion to use to decide that a point is not in the Mandelbrot set.
- [EstimatedBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatedBackground.en.md): EstimatedBackground[data] estimates the background of data. EstimatedBackground[data, \\[Sigma]] tries to preserve peaks up to scale \\[Sigma].
- [EstimatedDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatedDistribution.en.md): EstimatedDistribution[data, dist] estimates the parametric distribution dist from data. EstimatedDistribution[data, dist, {{p, p0}, {q, q0}, ...}] estimates the parameters p, q, ... with starting values p0, q0, .... EstimatedDistribution[data, dist, idist] estimates distribution dist with starting values taken from the instantiated distribution idist.
- [EstimatedPointNormals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatedPointNormals.en.md): EstimatedPointNormals[{p1, p2, ...}] estimates normal vectors for the points p1, p2, .... EstimatedPointNormals[mreg] estimates normals vectors for the vertices of the mesh region mreg.
- [EstimatedPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatedPointProcess.en.md): EstimatedPointProcess[pdata, pproc] estimates the parametric point process pproc from point data pdata. EstimatedPointProcess[pdata, pproc, {{p, p0}, {q, q0}, ...}] estimates the parameters p, q, ... with starting values p0, q0, ....
- [EstimatedProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatedProcess.en.md): EstimatedProcess[data, proc] estimates the parametric process proc from data. EstimatedProcess[data, proc, {{p, p0}, {q, q0}, ...}] estimates the parameters p, q, ... with starting values p0, q0, .... EstimatedProcess[data, proc, iproc] estimates process proc with starting values taken from the instantiated process iproc.
- [EstimatedVariogramModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatedVariogramModel.en.md): EstimatedVariogramModel[{loc 1 -> val 1, loc 2 -> val 2, ...}] estimates the best variogram function from values vali given at locations loci. EstimatedVariogramModel[{loc 1, loc 2, ...} -> {val 1, val 2, ...}] generates the same result. EstimatedVariogramModel[...,  model] estimates the best parameters of the variogram function specified by  model. EstimatedVariogramModel[..., {model, params}] estimates the non-numeric parameters in params.
- [EstimatorGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatorGains.en.md): EstimatorGains[ssm, {p1, p2, ..., pn}] gives the estimator gain matrix for the StateSpaceModel ssm, such that the poles of the estimator are pi. EstimatorGains[{ssm, {out1, ...}}, ...] specifies the measured outputs outi to use.
- [EstimatorRegulator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EstimatorRegulator.en.md): EstimatorRegulator[sspec, {l, \\[Kappa]}] gives the output feedback controller with estimator and regulator gains l and \\[Kappa] for the system specification sspec. EstimatorRegulator[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [EuclideanDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EuclideanDistance.en.md): EuclideanDistance[u, v] gives the Euclidean distance between vectors u and v.
- [EulerAngles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerAngles.en.md): EulerAngles[r] gives Euler angles {\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]} corresponding to the rotation matrix r. EulerAngles[r, {a, b, c}] gives Euler angles {\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]} with rotation order {a, b, c}.
- [EulerCharacteristic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerCharacteristic.en.md): EulerCharacteristic[poly] gives the Euler characteristic of a poly.
- [EulerE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerE.en.md): EulerE[n] gives the Euler number EulerE[n]. EulerE[n, x] gives the Euler polynomial n.
- [EulerGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerGamma.en.md): EulerGamma is Euler's constant \\[Gamma], with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 0.577216.
- [EulerianGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerianGraphQ.en.md): EulerianGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is Eulerian, and False otherwise.
- [EulerMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerMatrix.en.md): EulerMatrix[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]}] gives the Euler 3D rotation matrix formed by rotating by \\[Alpha] around the current z axis, then by \\[Beta] around the current y axis, and then by \\[Gamma] around the current z axis. EulerMatrix[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]}, {a, b, c}] gives the Euler 3D rotation matrix corresponding, first rotating by \\[Alpha] around the current a axis, then by \\[Beta] around the current b axis, and finally by \\[Gamma] around the current c axis.
- [EulerPhi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EulerPhi.en.md): EulerPhi[n] gives the Euler totient function \\[Phi] (n).
- [Evaluatable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Evaluatable.en.md): Evaluatable is an option for Cell that specifies whether a cell should be used as input to be evaluated by the Wolfram Language kernel.
- [Evaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Evaluate.en.md): Evaluate[expr] causes expr to be evaluated even if it appears as the argument of a function whose attributes specify that it should be held unevaluated.
- [EvaluatePacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluatePacket.en.md): EvaluatePacket[expr] is a WSTP packet requesting evaluation of expr.
- [EvaluateScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluateScheduledTask.en.md): As of Version 11.2, EvaluateScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskExecute.
- [EvaluationBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationBox.en.md): EvaluationBox[] returns a BoxObject corresponding to the box structure in which this function is being evaluated.
- [EvaluationCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationCell.en.md): EvaluationCell[] returns a CellObject corresponding to the cell in which this function is being evaluated.
- [EvaluationCompletionAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationCompletionAction.en.md): EvaluationCompletionAction is an option for notebooks that specifies the action taken when an evaluation is completed.
- [EvaluationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationData.en.md): EvaluationData[expr] gives an association containing the result of evaluating expr and metadata about the process of doing so.
- [EvaluationElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationElements.en.md): EvaluationElements is an option for NotebookEvaluate that determines which cells to evaluate.
- [EvaluationEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationEnvironment.en.md): EvaluationEnvironment is an option for functions such as InitializationValue and InitializationObjects that specifies the environment in which an initialization is intended to be used.
- [EvaluationMonitor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationMonitor.en.md): EvaluationMonitor is an option for various numerical computation and plotting functions that gives an expression to evaluate whenever functions derived from the input are evaluated numerically.
- [EvaluationNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationNotebook.en.md): EvaluationNotebook[] gives the notebook in which this function is being evaluated.
- [EvaluationObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationObject.en.md): EvaluationObject[expr, ...] represents an expression submitted for evaluation on any available parallel kernel.
- [EvaluationPrivileges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationPrivileges.en.md): EvaluationPrivileges is an option for CloudObject and related cloud functions that specifies what other files and cloud objects can be accessed by evaluations associated with the cloud object.
- [Evaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Evaluator.en.md): Evaluator is an option for objects such as Button, Dynamic, and Cell that gives the name of the kernel to use to evaluate their contents.
- [EvaluatorNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluatorNames.en.md): EvaluatorNames is a global option that specifies the kernels that are currently configured to perform evaluations.
- [EvenQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvenQ.en.md): EvenQ[expr] gives True if expr is an even integer, and False otherwise.
- [EventData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventData.en.md): EventData[{e1, e2, ...}] represents event data with explicitly specified censoring ei. EventData[{e1, e2, ...}, {ci1, ci2, ...}] represents event data ei with censoring indicators cii. EventData[{e1, e2, ...}, {cc1, cc2, ...}] represents event data ei with censoring counts cci. EventData[{e1, e2, ...}, cspec, {tr1, tr2, ...}] represents event data with censoring and truncation tri.
- [EventHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventHandler.en.md): EventHandler[expr, {SubscriptBox[event, 1] :> action1, SubscriptBox[event, 2] :> action2, ...}] displays as expr, evaluating actioni whenever SubscriptBox[event, i] occurs in connection with expr.
- [EventLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventLabels.en.md): EventLabels is an option to CandlestickChart, KagiChart, and similar functions that specifies events to labels.
- [EventSeriesAccumulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventSeriesAccumulate.en.md): EventSeriesAccumulate[eseries] returns cumulative counts of consecutive events in the event series eseries. EventSeriesAccumulate[eseries -> {com1, com2, ...}] returns cumulative values of components comi.
- [EventSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventSeries.en.md): EventSeries[{{t1, v1}, {t2, v2}, ..., {tn, vn}}] represents a series of events at times ti with values vi. EventSeries[tvspec] uses the time-value specification tvspec. EventSeries[vspec, tspec] represents a event series with values given by vspec at times specified by tspec. EventSeries[vspec, tspec, {com1, com2, ...}] specifies the event series component keys com1, com2, ....
- [EventSeriesLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventSeriesLookup.en.md): EventSeriesLookup[eseries, time] gives the events in the EventSeries object eseries that are nearest to time. EventSeriesLookup[eseries, time, ptype] gives the events in eseries proximal with type ptype to time. EventSeriesLookup[eseries, time, ptype -> prop] gives the property prop for the events proximal to time. EventSeriesLookup[eseries, time, ptype, n] gives up to n proximal events. EventSeriesLookup[eseries, time, ptype, {n, r}] gives up to n events within a maximal temporal distance ...
- [EventSeriesQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EventSeriesQ.en.md): EventSeriesQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid EventSeries object, and False otherwise.
- [ExactBlackmanWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExactBlackmanWindow.en.md): ExactBlackmanWindow[x] represents an exact Blackman window function of x.
- [ExactNumberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExactNumberQ.en.md): ExactNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is an exact real or complex number, and returns False otherwise.
- [ExampleData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExampleData.en.md): ExampleData[type] gives a list of names of examples of the specified type. ExampleData[{ type,  name}] gives the default form of the named example of the specified type. ExampleData[{ type,  name},  elem] gives the specified element or property of an example.
- [Except](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Except.en.md): Except[c] is a pattern object which represents any expression except one that matches c. Except[c, p] represents any expression that matches p but not c.
- [Exception](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Exception.en.md): Exception[spec] creates an Exception object from spec. Exception[spec, payload] creates an Exception object from spec, with exception payload payload.
- [ExceptionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExceptionQ.en.md): ExceptionQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid Exception object, and False otherwise. ExceptionQ[expr, tag] gives True if expr is a valid Exception object of a subtype of tag. ExceptionQ[expr, {tag1, tag2, ...}] gives True if expr is a valid Exception object of a subtype of any of tag1, tag2, ....
- [ExceptionTypeRegisteredQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExceptionTypeRegisteredQ.en.md): ExceptionTypeRegisteredQ[sym] gives True if sym is a symbol that has been registered as an exception type, and False otherwise. ExceptionTypeRegisteredQ[sym, tag] gives True for symbol sym registered as a subtype of exception type tag, and False otherwise. ExceptionTypeRegisteredQ[sym, {tag1, tag2, ...}] gives True for symbol sym registered as a subtype of any of the tag1, tag2, ..., and False otherwise.
- [ExceptionTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExceptionTypes.en.md): ExceptionTypes[] returns a list of all registered exception types. ExceptionTypes[tagspec] returns a list of all registered exception types that are subtypes of the type(s) specified in tagspec.
- [ExcludedContexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExcludedContexts.en.md): ExcludedContexts is an option for FullDefinition, Manipulate and related symbols that gives contexts whose symbols will not have the definitions recursively saved.
- [ExcludedForms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExcludedForms.en.md): ExcludedForms is an option that gives a list of patterns for expressions that should be excluded from an operation performed by a particular function.
- [ExcludedLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExcludedLines.en.md): ExcludedLines is an option for SemanticImport and related functions that specifies which lines should be ignored for further processing.
- [ExcludedPhysicalQuantities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExcludedPhysicalQuantities.en.md): ExcludedPhysicalQuantities is an option for FormulaLookup that specifies physical quantities that should be not used by the formulas returned.
- [ExcludePods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExcludePods.en.md): ExcludePods is an option to WolframAlpha that specifies pod IDs to exclude from the results.
- [Exclusions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Exclusions.en.md): Exclusions is an option that specifies where to exclude in regions used by functions like Plot, Plot3D, and NIntegrate.
- [ExclusionsStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExclusionsStyle.en.md): ExclusionsStyle is an option to plotting functions that specifies how to render subregions excluded according to Exclusions.
- [Exists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Exists.en.md): Exists[x, expr] represents the statement that there exists a value of x for which expr is True. Exists[x, cond, expr] states that there exists an x satisfying the condition cond for which expr is True. Exists[{x1, x2, ...}, expr] states that there exist values for all the xi for which expr is True.
- [Exit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Exit.en.md): Exit[] terminates a Wolfram Language kernel session.
- [ExoplanetData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExoplanetData.en.md): ExoplanetData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the exoplanet entity. ExoplanetData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified exoplanet entities. ExoplanetData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [ExpandAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpandAll.en.md): ExpandAll[expr] expands out all products and integer powers in any part of expr. ExpandAll[expr, patt] avoids expanding parts of expr that do not contain terms matching the pattern patt.
- [ExpandDenominator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpandDenominator.en.md): ExpandDenominator[expr] expands out products and powers that appear as denominators in expr.
- [Expand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Expand.en.md): Expand[expr] expands out products and positive integer powers in expr. Expand[expr, patt] leaves unexpanded any parts of expr that are free of the pattern patt. >
- [ExpandFileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpandFileName.en.md): ExpandFileName[name] textually expands name to have the form of an absolute file name for your operating system.
- [ExpandNumerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpandNumerator.en.md): ExpandNumerator[expr] expands out products and powers that appear in the numerator of expr.
- [Expectation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Expectation.en.md): Expectation[expr, x \\[Distributed] dist] gives the expectation of expr under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution dist. Expectation[expr, x \\[Distributed] data] gives the expectation of expr under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution given by data. Expectation[expr, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist] gives the expectation of expr under the assumption that {x1, x2, ...} follows the multivariate distribution dist. Expectation[expr, {x1 ...
- [ExpectedValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpectedValue.en.md): As of Version 8.0, ExpectedValue has been superseded by Expectation and NExpectation.
- [Exp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Exp.en.md): Exp[z] gives the exponential of z.
- [ExpGammaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpGammaDistribution.en.md): ExpGammaDistribution[\\[Kappa], \\[Theta], \\[Mu]] represents an exp-gamma distribution with shape parameter \\[Kappa], scale parameter \\[Theta], and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [ExpIntegralE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpIntegralE.en.md): ExpIntegralE[n, z] gives the exponential integral function n.
- [ExpIntegralEi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpIntegralEi.en.md): ExpIntegralEi[z] gives the exponential integral function ExpIntegralEi[z].
- [ExpirationDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpirationDate.en.md): ExpirationDate is an option for various functions that specifies when a persistent value should be treated as expired.
- [Exponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Exponent.en.md): Exponent[expr, form] gives the maximum power with which form appears in the expanded form of expr. Exponent[expr, form, h] applies h to the set of exponents with which form appears in expr.
- [ExponentFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentFunction.en.md): ExponentFunction is an option for NumberForm and related functions that determines the exponent to use in printing approximate real numbers.
- [ExponentialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentialDistribution.en.md): ExponentialDistribution[\\[Lambda]] represents an exponential distribution with scale inversely proportional to parameter \\[Lambda].
- [ExponentialFamily](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentialFamily.en.md): ExponentialFamily is an option for GeneralizedLinearModelFit that specifies the exponential family for the model.
- [ExponentialGeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentialGeneratingFunction.en.md): ExponentialGeneratingFunction[expr, n, x] gives the exponential generating function in x for the sequence whose n^th term is given by the expression expr. ExponentialGeneratingFunction[expr, {n1, n2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the multidimensional exponential generating function in x1, x2, ... whose n1, n2, ... term is given by expr.
- [ExponentialModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentialModel.en.md): ExponentialModel[] represents an exponential function. ExponentialModel[vars] uses explicit variable specification vars. ExponentialModel[pars, vars] uses the provided coefficients pars.
- [ExponentialMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentialMovingAverage.en.md): ExponentialMovingAverage[list, \\[Alpha]] gives the exponential moving average of list with smoothing constant \\[Alpha].
- [ExponentialPowerDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentialPowerDistribution.en.md): ExponentialPowerDistribution[\\[Kappa], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents an exponential power distribution with shape parameter \\[Kappa], location parameter \\[Mu], and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. ExponentialPowerDistribution[\\[Kappa]] represents an exponential power distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [ExponentPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentPosition.en.md): ExponentPosition is an option for RadicalBox that specifies the placement of the index outside a radical sign.
- [ExponentStep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExponentStep.en.md): ExponentStep is an option for NumberForm and related functions that determines in what steps exponents are taken to increase when scientific notation is used.
- [ExportAutoReplacements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExportAutoReplacements.en.md): ExportAutoReplacements is an option for cells that specifies which replacement rules the Wolfram Language automatically applies when exporting text.
- [ExportByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExportByteArray.en.md): ExportByteArray[expr,  format] generates a ByteArray object corresponding to expr exported in the specified format. ExportByteArray[exprs, elems] generates a ByteArray object by treating exprs as elements specified by elems.
- [Export](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Export.en.md): Export[dest. ext, expr] exports data to a file, converting it to the format corresponding to the file extension ext. Export[dest, expr, fmt] exports data in the specified format  fmt. Export[dest, exprs, elements] exports data by treating exprs as elements. Export[dest, exprs, elements, options] uses the specified options.
- [ExportForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExportForm.en.md): ExportForm[expr,  fmt] specifies that expr should be exported in the specified format in functions like CloudDeploy and in external results from APIFunction and FormFunction. ExportForm[expr, {fmt,  type}] specifies that when expr is exported, it should be tagged as having the specified MIME type.
- [ExportString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExportString.en.md): ExportString[expr,  format] generates a string corresponding to expr exported in the specified format. ExportString[rules, {format, Rules}] gives explicit rules for different elements of the data to be exported. ExportString[exprs, elems] generates a string by treating exprs as elements specified by elems.
- [ExpressionCell                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ],  has the following solutions: , ExpressionCell[](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpressionCell.en.md): ExpressionCell[expr] gives an expression cell that can appear in a Wolfram System notebook. ExpressionCell[expr,  style] gives an expression cell with the specified style. ExpressionCell[expr, SubscriptBox[style, 1], SubscriptBox[style, 2], ...] gives an expression cell with multiple styles applied to it.          ```
- [Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Expression.en.md): Expression is a symbol that represents an ordinary Wolfram Language expression in Read and related functions.
- [ExpressionGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpressionGraph.en.md): ExpressionGraph[expr] gives the tree graph with different levels at different depths. ExpressionGraph[expr, n] gives the tree graph only down to level n. ExpressionGraph[expr, n, form] gives a tree graph in which subexpressions that match form are leaves.
- [ExpressionTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpressionTree.en.md): ExpressionTree[expr] gives a Tree object from the structure of the expression expr. ExpressionTree[expr, struct] gives a Tree object from the expression expr with data and subtrees as specified by struct.
- [ExpressionUUID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpressionUUID.en.md): ExpressionUUID is an option for Cell and Notebook that holds the assigned unique UUID string.
- [ExpToTrig](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpToTrig.en.md): ExpToTrig[expr] converts exponentials in expr to trigonometric functions.
- [ExtendedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtendedEntityClass.en.md): ExtendedEntityClass[class,  name -> f] represents an entity class derived from class by adding a new computed property  name whose value for each entity is obtained by applying the entity function f. ExtendedEntityClass[class, {SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> f1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> f2, ...}] adds the properties namei defined by the functions fi.
- [ExtendedGCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtendedGCD.en.md): ExtendedGCD[n1, n2, ...] gives the extended greatest common divisor of the integers ni.
- [ExtendedKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtendedKey.en.md): ExtendedKey[key1, key2, ...] represents a multilevel column key in a Tabular object.
- [Extension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Extension.en.md): Extension is an option for various polynomial and algebraic functions that specifies generators for the algebraic number field to be used.
- [ExtentElementFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtentElementFunction.en.md): ExtentElementFunction is an option to DiscretePlot and DiscretePlot3D that gives a function to use to generate the primitives for rendering each extent element.
- [ExtentMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtentMarkers.en.md): ExtentMarkers is an option to DiscretePlot and DiscretePlot3D that specifies markers to draw at extent boundaries.
- [ExtentSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtentSize.en.md): ExtentSize is an option to DiscretePlot and DiscretePlot3D that specifies how far to extend out from each plot point.
- [ExternalBundle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalBundle.en.md): ExternalBundle[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> obj 1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> obj2, ...}] represents a bundle of resources to be externally deployed as named URLs, functions, etc. ExternalBundle[{name11 -> {name1 -> ...}, \\ ...}] represents a nested bundle of resources.
- [ExternalDataCharacterEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalDataCharacterEncoding.en.md): ExternalDataCharacterEncoding is a global option that specifies the character encoding used in reading and writing plain text data outside of the Wolfram System.
- [ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluate.en.md): ExternalEvaluate[sys, cmd] evaluates the command cmd in the external evaluator sys, returning an expression corresponding to the output. ExternalEvaluate[{ sys, opts}, cmd] uses the options opts for the external evaluator. ExternalEvaluate[assoc, cmd] evaluates cmd using the external evaluator specified by assoc. ExternalEvaluate[obj, cmd] evaluates cmd in the external evaluator specified by ExternalEvaluatorObject. ExternalEvaluate[session, cmd] evaluates cmd in the specified running ...
- [ExternalEvaluatorObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluatorObject.en.md): ExternalEvaluatorObject[...] represents an external evaluator for use with ExternalEvaluate.
- [ExternalEvaluators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalEvaluators.en.md): ExternalEvaluators[] finds installed external evaluators that can be used with ExternalEvaluate. ExternalEvaluators[sys] finds only external evaluators for language or system sys.
- [ExternalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalFunction.en.md): ExternalFunction[sys,  f] represents an external function named  f defined in the external evaluator sys. ExternalFunction[session,  f] represents an external function  f in the specified ExternalSessionObject. ExternalFunction[sys,  code] represents an external function defined by the code fragment  code. ExternalFunction[obj,  method] represents a method bound to the ExternalObject.
- [ExternalIdentifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalIdentifier.en.md): ExternalIdentifier[type, id] represents a resource identified by id in the external identifier system  type. ExternalIdentifier[type, id, meta] includes the metadata given by the association meta to this instance of the external identifier object.
- [ExternalObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalObject.en.md): ExternalObject[...] represents an external object bound to an ExternalSessionObject.
- [ExternalOperation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalOperation.en.md): ExternalOperation[Eval, code] represents an external evaluation of code. ExternalOperation[Eval, code, assoc] represents an external evaluation of code with parameters given by assoc. ExternalOperation[Call, func, arg1, arg2, ...] calls the function func with the given arguments arg1, arg2, .... ExternalOperation[GetAttribute, obj, attr] gets the attribute attr of obj. ExternalOperation[SetAttribute, obj, attr, val] sets the attribute attr of obj to the given value val. ...
- [ExternalOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalOptions.en.md): ExternalOptions is an option for EmbedCode and related functions that gives options specific to the external environment or language used.
- [ExternalSessionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalSessionObject.en.md): ExternalSessionObject[...] represents an external session started by StartExternalSession for use with ExternalEvaluate.
- [ExternalSessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalSessions.en.md): ExternalSessions[] gives the list of currently active external evaluator sessions. ExternalSessions[sys] gives the list of sessions associated with the system sys.
- [ExternalStorageBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalStorageBase.en.md): ExternalStorageBase is an option for various external storage functions that specifies which external storage service to use.
- [ExternalStorageDownload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalStorageDownload.en.md): ExternalStorageDownload[location] downloads content from the specified location. ExternalStorageDownload[location, dest] downloads content from the specified location to a local destination file or directory dest. ExternalStorageDownload[location -> dest] downloads content from the specified locations to a local destination file or directory dest. ExternalStorageDownload[{location1, location2, ...}, dest] downloads content from the specified locations to local destination dest. ...
- [ExternalStorageGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalStorageGet.en.md): ExternalStorageGet[ExternalStorageObject[...]] reads in an expression stored at an external storage specified by the ExternalStorageObject. ExternalStorageGet[location] reads in an expression stored at location in an external storage specified by $ExternalStorageBase.
- [ExternalStorageObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalStorageObject.en.md): ExternalStorageObject[location] represents a file stored in an external location. ExternalStorageObject[assoc] represents a file stored in an external service specified by the components of the association assoc. ExternalStorageObject[location, assoc] represents a file stored in an external location with additional elements given by assoc.
- [ExternalStoragePut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalStoragePut.en.md): ExternalStoragePut[expr] writes expr to an external storage specified by $ExternalStorageBase. ExternalStoragePut[expr, path] writes expr to a specific path in an external storage specified by $ExternalStorageBase. ExternalStoragePut[expr, ExternalStorageObject[ ...]] writes expr to the service and path represented by an ExternalStorageObject.
- [ExternalStorageUpload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalStorageUpload.en.md): ExternalStorageUpload[file] uploads file to an external storage specified by $ExternalStorageBase. ExternalStorageUpload[file, dest] uploads file to a specific destination dest for external storage services that support it. ExternalStorageUpload[file -> dest] uploads file to a specific destination dest for external storage services that support it. ExternalStorageUpload[{file1, file2, ...}, dest] uploads a list of files to a specific destination dest for external storage services that ...
- [ExternalTypeSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalTypeSignature.en.md): ExternalTypeSignature is an option for EmbedCode that gives rules specifying the mapping to external types in an embedded code.
- [ExternalValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExternalValue.en.md): ExternalValue[sys,  sym] gives the value of  sym in external evaluator sys. ExternalValue[session,  sym] gives the value of  sym in the specified external session.
- [ExtractArchive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtractArchive.en.md): ExtractArchive[source] expands an archive file, saving its content into the current directory. ExtractArchive[source, dir] saves the content of an archive file into directory dir. ExtractArchive[source, dir, pattern] extracts only files whose names match pattern.
- [Extract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Extract.en.md): Extract[expr, pos] extracts the part of expr at the position specified by pos. Extract[expr, {pos1, pos2, ...}] extracts a list of parts of expr. Extract[expr, pos, h] extracts parts of expr, wrapping each of them with head h before evaluation. Extract[pos] represents an operator form of Extract that can be applied to an expression.
- [ExtractLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtractLayer.en.md): ExtractLayer[] represents a net layer that takes an array and a position specification as inputs and extracts the specified parts from the array.
- [ExtractPacletArchive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtractPacletArchive.en.md): ExtractPacletArchive[file] extracts the contents of the paclet archive file into the directory in which file resides. ExtractPacletArchive[file, destdir] extracts the contents of the paclet archive file into destdir.
- [ExtremeValueDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExtremeValueDistribution.en.md): ExtremeValueDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents an extreme value distribution with location parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. ExtremeValueDistribution[] represents an extreme value distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [FaceAlign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FaceAlign.en.md): FaceAlign[image] attempts to find faces in image and align them. FaceAlign[image, fref] gives aligned faces according to the face reference fref. FaceAlign[image, fref, size] gives aligned faces of the specified size. FaceAlign[{image1, image2, ...}, ...] gives a list of aligned faces for all imagei.
- [FaceForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FaceForm.en.md): FaceForm[g] is a graphics directive which specifies that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using the graphics directive or list of directives g. FaceForm[g, gback] specifies that the front faces of three-dimensional polygons should be drawn with directives g, and the backs with directives gback.
- [FaceGrids](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FaceGrids.en.md): FaceGrids is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies grid lines to draw on the faces of the bounding box.
- [FaceGridsStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FaceGridsStyle.en.md): FaceGridsStyle is an option for 3D graphics functions that specifies how face grids should be rendered.
- [FaceRecognize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FaceRecognize.en.md): FaceRecognize[{example1 -> name1, example2 -> name2, ...}] generates a ClassifierFunction[...] based on the face examples and names given. FaceRecognize[{example1, example2, ...} -> {name1, name2, ...}] also generates a ClassifierFunction[...] based on the examples and names given. FaceRecognize[<|name1 -> {example11, ...}, name2 -> {example21, ...}, ...|>] uses an association of names with their examples. FaceRecognize[training, image] attempts to find faces present in an ...
- [FacialFeatures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FacialFeatures.en.md): FacialFeatures[image] returns a minimal summary of facial features for all detected faces in image. FacialFeatures[image, features] returns the specified facial features. FacialFeatures[video, ...] finds faces in frames of video.
- [FactorComplete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorComplete.en.md): As of Version 6.0, FactorComplete has been superseded by FactorInteger[n, All] and FactorInteger[n, Automatic].
- [Factor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Factor.en.md): Factor[poly] factors a polynomial over the integers. Factor[poly, Modulus -> p] factors a polynomial modulo the prime p. Factor[poly, Extension -> {a1, a2, ...}] factors a polynomial allowing coefficients that are rational combinations of the algebraic numbers ai.
- [Factorial2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Factorial2.en.md): n!! gives the double factorial of n.
- [Factorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Factorial.en.md): n! gives the factorial of n.
- [FactorialMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorialMoment.en.md): FactorialMoment[data, r] gives the order r factorial moment OverscriptBox[\\[Mu], _] r of data. FactorialMoment[data, {r1, ..., rm}] gives the order {r1, ..., rm} multivariate factorial moment OverscriptBox[\\[Mu], _] Subscript[r, 1], ..., \\ Subscript[r, m] of data. FactorialMoment[dist, ...] gives the factorial moment of the distribution dist. FactorialMoment[r] represents the order r formal factorial moment.
- [FactorialMomentGeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorialMomentGeneratingFunction.en.md): FactorialMomentGeneratingFunction[dist, t] gives the factorial moment-generating function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable t. FactorialMomentGeneratingFunction[dist, {t1, t2, ...}] gives the factorial moment-generating function for the multivariate distribution dist as a function of the variables t1, t2, ....
- [FactorialPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorialPower.en.md): FactorialPower[x, n] gives the factorial power x. FactorialPower[x, n, h] gives the step-h factorial power FactorialPower[x, n, h].
- [FactorInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorInteger.en.md): FactorInteger[n] gives a list of the prime factors of the integer n, together with their exponents. FactorInteger[n, k] does partial factorization, pulling out at most k distinct factors.
- [FactorList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorList.en.md): FactorList[poly] gives a list of the factors of a polynomial, together with their exponents.
- [FactorSquareFree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorSquareFree.en.md): FactorSquareFree[poly] pulls out any multiple factors in a polynomial.
- [FactorSquareFreeList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorSquareFreeList.en.md): FactorSquareFreeList[poly] gives a list of square-free factors of a polynomial, together with their exponents.
- [FactorTerms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorTerms.en.md): FactorTerms[poly] pulls out any overall numerical factor in poly. FactorTerms[poly, x] pulls out any overall factor in poly that does not depend on x. FactorTerms[poly, {x1, x2, ...}] pulls out any overall factor in poly that does not depend on any of the xi.
- [FactorTermsList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorTermsList.en.md): FactorTermsList[poly] gives a list in which the first element is the overall numerical factor in poly, and the second element is the polynomial with the overall factor removed. FactorTermsList[poly, {x1, x2, ...}] gives a list of factors of poly. The first element in the list is the overall numerical factor. The second element is a factor that does not depend on any of the xi. Subsequent elements are factors which depend on progressively more of the xi.
- [Failsafe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Failsafe.en.md): Failsafe[f][x1, x2, ...] returns f[x1, x2, ...] if none of the xi is considered a failure, and the first failing xi otherwise. Failsafe[f, test][x1, x2, ...] returns f[x1, x2, ...] if test[x1, x2, ...] gives True, and Failure[...] otherwise. Failsafe[f, test, failf][x1, x2, ...] returns failf[x1, x2, ...] if test[x1, x2, ...] does not give True.
- [FailureAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FailureAction.en.md): FailureAction is an option to Query and related functions that determines what should happen when a failure or message is generated.
- [FailureDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FailureDistribution.en.md): FailureDistribution[bexpr, {{x1, dist1}, {x2, dist2}, ...}] represents the failure distribution for a system with events xi having reliability distribution disti where the top event occurs when the Boolean expression bexpr is True and event xi has occurred when xi is True.
- [Failure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Failure.en.md): Failure[tag, assoc] represents a failure of a type indicated by tag, with details given by the association assoc.
- [FailureQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FailureQ.en.md): FailureQ[expr] gives True if expr has head Failure or is equal to $Failed or $Aborted.
- [False](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/False.en.md): False is the symbol for the Boolean value false.
- [FareySequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FareySequence.en.md): FareySequence[n] generates the Farey sequence of order n. FareySequence[n, k] gives the k^th element of the Farey sequence of order n.
- [FARIMAProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FARIMAProcess.en.md): FARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, d, {b1, ..., bq}, v] represents an autoregressive fractionally integrated moving-average process y(t) such that its d^th difference is an ARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, v]. FARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, d, {b1, ..., bq}, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a vector autoregressive fractionally integrated moving-average process (y1 (t), ... , yn (t)) such that its (d, ..., d)^th difference is a vector ARMAProcess. FARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {d1, ..., dn}, {b1, ...
- [FeatureDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureDistance.en.md): FeatureDistance[example1, example2, extractor] gives the distance between example1 and example2 in the feature space defined by extractor. FeatureDistance[extractor] represents an operator form of FeatureDistance that can be applied to a pair of examples.
- [FeatureExtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureExtract.en.md): FeatureExtract[examples] extracts features for each example using a feature extractor trained on the examples given. FeatureExtract[examples, spec] extracts features using the specified feature extractor method spec.
- [FeatureExtraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureExtraction.en.md): FeatureExtraction[examples] generates a FeatureExtractorFunction[...] trained from the examples given. FeatureExtraction[examples, spec] uses the specified feature extractor method spec. FeatureExtraction[examples, spec, props] gives the feature extraction properties specified by props.
- [FeatureExtractor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureExtractor.en.md): FeatureExtractor is an option for functions such as Classify that specifies how features should be extracted.
- [FeatureExtractorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureExtractorFunction.en.md): FeatureExtractorFunction[...] represents a feature extractor function generated by FeatureExtraction.
- [FeatureImpactPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureImpactPlot.en.md): FeatureImpactPlot[model, data] plots the impact of the value of each feature in data on the result of model. FeatureImpactPlot[model] estimates the feature impacts using synthetic data. FeatureImpactPlot[model -> fname, ...] plots only the impact of the specified feature fname. FeatureImpactPlot[model -> fname -> class, ...] plots only the impact on the classification class.
- [FeatureNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureNames.en.md): FeatureNames is an option for machine learning functions such as Classify or Predict that specifies names to use for elements of input data given.
- [FeatureNearest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureNearest.en.md): FeatureNearest[{elem1, elem2, ...}, x] gives the list of elemi to which x is nearest in a computed feature space. FeatureNearest[{elem1 -> v1, elem2 -> v2, ...}, x] gives the vi corresponding to the elemi to which x is nearest. FeatureNearest[{elem1, elem2, ...} -> {v1, v2, ...}, x] gives the same result. FeatureNearest[{elem1, elem2, ...} -> prop, x] gives the property prop for the elemi to which x is nearest. FeatureNearest[data, {x1, x2, ...}] effectively gives ...
- [FeatureSpacePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureSpacePlot3D.en.md): FeatureSpacePlot3D[{example1, example2, ...}] plots features extracted from the examplei as a scatter 3D plot.
- [FeatureSpacePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureSpacePlot.en.md): FeatureSpacePlot[{example1, example2, ...}] plots features extracted from the examplei as a scatter plot.
- [FeatureValueDependencyPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureValueDependencyPlot.en.md): FeatureValueDependencyPlot[model, data] plots the dependency of the result of model on the value of a particular feature in data. FeatureValueDependencyPlot[model] estimates the feature value dependency using synthetic data. FeatureValueDependencyPlot[model -> fname, ...] plots only the dependency on the specified feature fname. FeatureValueDependencyPlot[model -> fname -> class, ...] plots only the dependency on the classification class.
- [FeatureValueImpactPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeatureValueImpactPlot.en.md): FeatureValueImpactPlot[model, data] plots the impact of the value of a given feature in data on the result of model. FeatureValueImpactPlot[model] estimates the feature value impact using synthetic data. FeatureValueImpactPlot[model -> fname, ...] plots only the impact of the specified feature fname. FeatureValueImpactPlot[model -> fname -> class, ...] plots only the impact on the classification class.
- [FeedbackLinearize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeedbackLinearize.en.md): FeedbackLinearize[asys] input-output linearizes the AffineStateSpaceModel asys by state transformation and feedback. FeedbackLinearize[asys, {z, v}] specifies the new states z and the new control inputs v. FeedbackLinearize[asys, {z, v},  prop] computes the property  prop.
- [FeedbackSector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeedbackSector.en.md): FeedbackSector is an option to NyquistPlot that specifies the sector limits of the nonlinearity in the feedback.
- [FeedbackSectorStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeedbackSectorStyle.en.md): FeedbackSectorStyle is an option to NyquistPlot that specifies the style in which graphics of FeedbackSector should be drawn.
- [FeedbackType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FeedbackType.en.md): FeedbackType is an option for some control system functions that specifies the feedback type.
- [FetalGrowthData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FetalGrowthData.en.md): FetalGrowthData[age] returns the values for all properties of fetal development for the specified age of the fetus. FetalGrowthData[age, property] returns the value for a property of fetal development for the specified age. FetalGrowthData[age, index] returns the values for all properties of fetal development at the specified age and percentile. FetalGrowthData[age, property, index] returns the value for a property at the specified age and percentile.
- [Fibonacci](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fibonacci.en.md): Fibonacci[n] gives the Fibonacci number Fn. Fibonacci[n, x] gives the Fibonacci polynomial Fn (x).
- [Fibonorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fibonorial.en.md): Fibonorial[n] gives the fibonorial n! F.
- [FieldCompletionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FieldCompletionFunction.en.md): FieldCompletionFunction is an option for InputField that specifies a function to apply to the input field's contents to generate a list of completions.
- [FieldHint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FieldHint.en.md): FieldHint is an option for InputField that specifies contents to display when the input field is empty.
- [FieldHintStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FieldHintStyle.en.md): FieldHintStyle is an option for InputField that specifies the style to use for displaying the field hint.
- [FieldMasked](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FieldMasked.en.md): FieldMasked is an option to InputField that determines whether to mask user input.
- [FieldSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FieldSize.en.md): FieldSize is an option for InputField, PopupMenu, and related functions that specifies the size of the field allowed for input or contents.
- [FileBaseName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileBaseName.en.md): FileBaseName[file] gives the base name for a file without its extension.
- [FileByteCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileByteCount.en.md): FileByteCount[file] gives the number of bytes in a file.
- [FileConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileConvert.en.md): FileConvert[source ->  dest. ext] converts the contents of source to the format defined by the extension ext and writes the result to the file dest . ext. FileConvert[source,  format] writes the result to the filename defined by source, but with an extension defined by the specified format. FileConvert[source ->  dest. ext, SubscriptBox[format, 1] -> SubscriptBox[format, 2]] takes the contents of source to be in the specified format SubscriptBox[format, 1].
- [FileDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileDate.en.md): FileDate[file] gives the date and time at which a file was last modified. FileDate[file,  type] gives information on the specified type of date associated with a file.
- [File](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/File.en.md): File[path] is a symbolic representation of a location in the local file system.
- [FileExistsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileExistsQ.en.md): FileExistsQ[name] gives True if the file with the specified name exists, and gives False otherwise.
- [FileExtension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileExtension.en.md): FileExtension[file] gives the file extension for a file name.
- [FileFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileFormat.en.md): FileFormat[source] attempts to determine what Import format could be used to import the file corresponding to source. FileFormat[source, {SubscriptBox[fmt, 1], SubscriptBox[fmt, 2], ...}] returns the first SubscriptBox[fmt, i] that can be used to import source.
- [FileFormatProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileFormatProperties.en.md): FileFormatProperties[fmt] returns an association of properties for the specified format  fmt. FileFormatProperties[fmt,  prop] returns the property  prop for the format  fmt. FileFormatProperties[fmt, {SubscriptBox[prop, 1], SubscriptBox[prop, 2], ...}] returns multiple properties.
- [FileFormatQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileFormatQ.en.md): FileFormatQ[source,  fmt] gives True if the file corresponding to source might be imported as format  fmt and gives False otherwise. FileFormatQ[source, {SubscriptBox[fmt, 1], SubscriptBox[fmt, 2], ...}] gives True if source might be imported as one of SubscriptBox[fmt, i].
- [FileHash](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileHash.en.md): FileHash[file] gives an integer hash code for the contents of the specified file. FileHash[file,  type] gives an integer hash of the specified type. FileHash[file,  type,  format] gives a hash code in the specified format. FileHash[{file, range}, ...] gives the hash code for the specified range of bytes. FileHash[{filespec1, filespec2, ...}, ...] gives the hash codes for a list of files.
- [FileNameDepth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameDepth.en.md): FileNameDepth[name] gives the number of path elements in the file name  file.
- [FileNameDialogSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameDialogSettings.en.md): FileNameDialogSettings is a global option that specifies settings for the Insert File Path dialog box.
- [FileNameDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameDrop.en.md): FileNameDrop[name, n] drops the first n path elements in the file name  name. FileNameDrop[name, -n] drops the last n path elements in the file name  name. FileNameDrop[name, {m, n}] drops elements m through n in the file name  name. FileNameDrop[name] drops the last path element in the file name  name.
- [FileNameForms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameForms.en.md): FileNameForms is an option that specifies the pattern for file names to be selected by a function.
- [FileNameJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameJoin.en.md): FileNameJoin[{SubscriptBox[name, 1], SubscriptBox[name, 2], ...}] joins the namei together into a file name suitable for your current operating system. FileNameJoin[{CloudObject[...], SubscriptBox[name, 2], ...}] joins the namei to the path in the specified cloud object. FileNameJoin[{LocalObject[...], SubscriptBox[name, 2], ...}] joins the namei to the path in the specified local object. FileNameJoin[SubscriptBox[name, 1], SubscriptBox[name, 2], ...] is equivalent to ...
- [FileNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNames.en.md): FileNames[] lists all files in the current working directory. FileNames[form] lists all files in the current working directory whose names match the string pattern form. FileNames[{form1, form2, ...}] lists all files whose names match any of the formi. FileNames[All, dir] lists all files in the directory dir. FileNames[forms, {dir1, dir2, ...}] lists files with names matching forms in any of the directories diri. FileNames[forms, dirs, n] includes files that are in subdirectories up to n ...
- [FileNameSetter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameSetter.en.md): FileNameSetter[name] represents a file name setter which displays as a Browse button and when clicked brings up a system file opening dialog, starting from the location corresponding to name. FileNameSetter[Dynamic[name]] uses the dynamically updated current value of name, with the value of name being reset if a different file is chosen. FileNameSetter[name, Save] brings up a file saving dialog. FileNameSetter[name, spec, {SubscriptBox[type, 1] -> {SubscriptBox[patt, 11], ...
- [FileNameSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameSplit.en.md): FileNameSplit[name] splits a file name into a list of parts.
- [FileNameTake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameTake.en.md): FileNameTake[name] gives the last path element in the file name  name. FileNameTake[name, n] gives the first n path elements in the file name  name. FileNameTake[name, -n] gives the last n path elements in the file name  name. FileNameTake[name, {m, n}] gives elements m through n in the file name  name.
- [FileNameToFormatList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameToFormatList.en.md): FileNameToFormatList[] returns lists of file formats corresponding to all registered file name patterns. FileNameToFormatList[file] returns a list of file formats that matches the file name  file.
- [FilePrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FilePrint.en.md): FilePrint[file] prints out the raw textual contents of file. FilePrint[file, n] prints out the first n raw textual lines of file. FilePrint[file, -n] prints out the last n raw textual lines of file. FilePrint[file, m ;; n] prints out lines m through n of file. FilePrint[file, m ;; n ;; s] prints out lines m through n of file in steps of s.
- [FileSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileSize.en.md): FileSize[file] gives the size of a file as a quantity.
- [FileSystemMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileSystemMap.en.md): FileSystemMap[f, root] gives an association whose keys are the names of files in root, and whose values are the results of applying f to the full names of these files. FileSystemMap[f, root, n] gives a nested association in which subdirectories down to level n are represented by an association. FileSystemMap[f, root, {m, n}] gives a nested association including files in subdirectories from level m down through n. FileSystemMap[f, root, lev, r] combines levels to give a nested output ...
- [FileSystemScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileSystemScan.en.md): FileSystemScan[f, root] evaluates f on all files contained in root. FileSystemScan[f, root, n] restricts the operation to directories at level n.
- [FileSystemTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileSystemTree.en.md): FileSystemTree[root] gives a tree whose keys are the names of files in root, and whose data is the full names of these files. FileSystemTree[root, levelspec] gives a tree in which files on levels specified by levelspec are represented by a subtree. FileSystemTree[root, levelspec, r] combines levels to give a tree with maximum level r.
- [FileTemplateApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileTemplateApply.en.md): FileTemplateApply[template] applies a template, evaluating all template elements it contains, and then writes the result to a temporary file, whose name is returned. FileTemplateApply[template, args] applies a template, using args to fill its slots, and then writes the result to a temporary file. FileTemplateApply[template, output] applies a template, writing the results to the file represented by output. FileTemplateApply[template, args, output] applies a template, using args to fill its ...
- [FileTemplate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileTemplate.en.md): FileTemplate[file] yields a TemplateObject expression that represents a file template to be applied using functions like TemplateApply. FileTemplate[src] uses File[...], URL[...], or CloudObject[...] as the specification for the file location. FileTemplate[form, args] yields a TemplateObject with arguments, suitable for cloud deployment or other evaluation.
- [FileType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileType.en.md): FileType[file] gives the type of a file, typically File, Directory or None.
- [FilledCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FilledCurve.en.md): FilledCurve[{segment1, segment2, ...}] represents a filled curve consisting of segment1 followed by segment2 etc. FilledCurve[{component1, component2, ...}] represents a list of separate filled component curves component1, component2, etc.
- [FilledPolarCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FilledPolarCurve.en.md): FilledPolarCurve[r, \\[Theta]] gives a filled polar curve with radius r as a function of angle \\[Theta].
- [FilledTorus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FilledTorus.en.md): FilledTorus[{x, y, z}, {rinner, router}] represents a filled torus centered at {x, y, z} with inner radius rinner and outer radius router.
- [Filling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Filling.en.md): Filling is an option for ListPlot, Plot, Plot3D, and related functions that specifies what filling to add under points, curves, and surfaces.
- [FillingStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FillingStyle.en.md): FillingStyle is an option for ListPlot, Plot, Plot3D, and related functions that specifies the default style of filling to be used.
- [FillingTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FillingTransform.en.md): FillingTransform[image] gives a version of image with all extended minima filled. FillingTransform[image, marker] fills extended minima in regions where at least one corresponding element of marker is nonzero. FillingTransform[image, h] fills only extended minima of depth h or less.
- [FilteredEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FilteredEntityClass.en.md): FilteredEntityClass[class, f] represents a class of entities where only entities for which the EntityFunction object f yields True are kept. FilteredEntityClass[class, prop] represents a class of entities where only entities for which the property prop is True are kept.
- [FilterRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FilterRules.en.md): FilterRules[rules, patt] filters the list rules by picking out only those rules whose left-hand sides match patt. FilterRules[rules, {patt1, patt2, ...}] picks out rules whose left-hand sides match any of the patti.
- [FinancialBond](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FinancialBond.en.md): FinancialBond[params, ambientparams] gives the value of a financial bond instrument. FinancialBond[params, ambientparams, prop] computes the specified property prop.
- [FinancialData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FinancialData.en.md): FinancialData[name] gives the last known price or value for the financial entity specified by name. FinancialData[name, start] gives a list of dates and daily closing values for name from start until the current date. FinancialData[name, {start, end}] gives a list of dates and daily closing values for dates from start to end. FinancialData[name, {start, end, period}] gives a list of dates and prices for the specified periods lying between start and end. FinancialData[name, prop] gives the ...
- [FinancialDerivative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FinancialDerivative.en.md): FinancialDerivative[instrument, params, ambientparams] gives the value of the specified financial instrument. FinancialDerivative[instrument, params, ambientparams, prop] computes the specified property prop.
- [FinancialIndicator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FinancialIndicator.en.md): FinancialIndicator[ind, par1, par2, ...] represents a financial indicator  ind with parameters par1, par2, etc.
- [FindAnomalies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindAnomalies.en.md): FindAnomalies[{example1, example2, ...}] gives a list of the examplei that are considered anomalous with respect to the other examples. FindAnomalies[examples, prop] gives the specified property related to the anomaly computation. FindAnomalies[examples, {prop1, prop2, ...}] gives the properties propi. FindAnomalies[fun, data] finds anomalies in data using the given AnomalyDetectorFunction[...] or LearnedDistribution[...]. FindAnomalies[fun, data, props] gives properties related to the anomaly ...
- [FindArgMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindArgMax.en.md): FindArgMax[f, x] gives the position xmax of a local maximum of f. FindArgMax[f, {x, x0}] gives the position xmax of a local maximum of f, found by a search starting from the point x = x0. FindArgMax[f, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the position {xmax, ymax, ...} of a local maximum of a function of several variables. FindArgMax[{f, cons}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the position of a local maximum subject to the constraints cons. FindArgMax[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] starts from a point within ...
- [FindArgMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindArgMin.en.md): FindArgMin[f, x] gives the position xmin of a local minimum of f. FindArgMin[f, {x, x0}] gives the position xmin of a local minimum of f, found by a search starting from the point x = x0. FindArgMin[f, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the position {xmin, ymin, ...} of a local minimum of a function of several variables. FindArgMin[{f, cons}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the position of a local minimum subject to the constraints cons. FindArgMin[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] starts from a point within ...
- [FindAstroEvent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindAstroEvent.en.md): FindAstroEvent[etype] gives the date of the next astro event of type etype. FindAstroEvent[etype, date] gives the next astro event following the given date. FindAstroEvent[etype, date, loc] gives the date of the next astro event as observed from the location loc.
- [FindChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindChannels.en.md): FindChannels[] gives a list of channels in your home area on the channel broker server. FindChannels[None] gives a list of your unnamed channels. FindChannels[All] gives a list of all channels owned by you. FindChannels[form] gives a list of channels in your home area whose names match the string pattern form. FindChannels[/ abspath] gives a list of channels whose names match the string pattern / abspath. FindChannels[StyleBox[\mqtts\,\nAutoSpacing->False] ...
- [FindClique](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindClique.en.md): FindClique[g] finds a largest clique in the graph g. FindClique[g, n] finds a clique containing at most n vertices. FindClique[g, {n}] finds a clique containing exactly n vertices. FindClique[g, {nmin, nmax}] finds a clique containing between nmin and nmax vertices. FindClique[g, nspec, s] finds at most s cliques. FindClique[{g, v}, ...] finds cliques that include the vertex v only. FindClique[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindClusters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindClusters.en.md): FindClusters[{e1, e2, ...}] partitions the e i into clusters of similar elements. FindClusters[{e1 -> v1, e2 -> v2, ...}] returns the vi corresponding to the e i in each cluster. FindClusters[data, n] partitions data into n clusters.
- [FindCookies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCookies.en.md): FindCookies[] gives a list of all currently set cookies. FindCookies[domain] gives a list of cookies associated with the specified domain. FindCookies[assoc] gives a list of cookies whose attributes match the specification in the association assoc.
- [FindCurvePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCurvePath.en.md): FindCurvePath[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] gives an ordering of the {xi, yi} that corresponds to one or more smooth curves.
- [FindCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCycle.en.md): FindCycle[g] finds a cycle in the graph g. FindCycle[g, k] finds a cycle of length at most k in the graph g. FindCycle[g, {k}] finds a cycle of length exactly k. FindCycle[g, {kmin, kmax}] finds a cycle of length between kmin and kmax. FindCycle[g, kspec, s] finds at most s cycles. FindCycle[{g, v}, ...] finds cycles that include the vertex v. FindCycle[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindDevices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindDevices.en.md): FindDevices[] searches for available devices on your computer system. FindDevices[form] gives a list of devices in classes whose names match the string pattern form. FindDevices[{form1, form2, ...}] gives a list of devices in classes whose names match any of the formi. FindDevices[forms, n] returns at most n devices.
- [FindDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindDistribution.en.md): FindDistribution[data] finds a simple functional form to fit the distribution of data. FindDistribution[data, n] finds up to n best distributions. FindDistribution[data, n, prop] returns up to n best distributions associated with property prop. FindDistribution[data, n, {prop1, prop2, ...}] returns up to n best distributions associated with properties prop1, prop2, etc.
- [FindDistributionParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindDistributionParameters.en.md): FindDistributionParameters[data, dist] finds the parameter estimates for the distribution dist from data. FindDistributionParameters[data, dist, {{p, p0}, {q, q0}, ...}] finds the parameters p, q, ... with starting values p0, q0, ....
- [FindDivisions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindDivisions.en.md): FindDivisions[{xmin, xmax}, n] finds a list of about n nice numbers that divide the interval around xmin to xmax into equally spaced parts. FindDivisions[{xmin, xmax, dx}, n] makes the parts always have lengths that are integer multiples of dx. FindDivisions[{xmin, xmax}, {n1, n2, ...}] finds successive subdivisions into about n1, n2, ... parts. FindDivisions[{xmin, xmax, {dx1, dx2, ...}}, {n1, n2, ...}] uses spacings that are forced to be multiples of dx1, dx2, ....
- [FindEdgeColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindEdgeColoring.en.md): FindEdgeColoring[g] finds a coloring with minimal size for the edges in the graph g. FindEdgeColoring[g, {c1, c2, ...}] finds a coloring {c1, c2, ..., ck} for the edges in the graph g.
- [FindEdgeCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindEdgeCover.en.md): FindEdgeCover[g] finds an edge cover of the graph g with a minimum number of edges. FindEdgeCover[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindEdgeCut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindEdgeCut.en.md): FindEdgeCut[g] finds a smallest edge cut of the graph g. FindEdgeCut[g, s, t] finds a smallest s-t edge cut of the graph g. FindEdgeCut[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindEdgeIndependentPaths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindEdgeIndependentPaths.en.md): FindEdgeIndependentPaths[g, s, t, k] finds at most k edge-independent paths from vertex s to vertex t in the graph g. FindEdgeIndependentPaths[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Find](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Find.en.md): Find[stream,  text] finds the first line in an input stream that contains the specified string. Find[stream, {SubscriptBox[text, 1], SubscriptBox[text, 2], ...}] finds the first line that contains any of the specified strings.
- [FindEquationalProof](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindEquationalProof.en.md): FindEquationalProof[thm, axms] tries to find an equational proof of the symbolic theorem thm using the axioms axms. FindEquationalProof[thm,  theory] tries to find a proof of thm using the specified named axiomatic theory.
- [FindEulerianCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindEulerianCycle.en.md): FindEulerianCycle[g] finds an Eulerian cycle in the graph g. FindEulerianCycle[g, k] finds at most k Eulerian cycles. FindEulerianCycle[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindExternalEvaluators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindExternalEvaluators.en.md): FindExternalEvaluators has been superseded by ExternalEvaluators since Version 14.3.
- [FindFaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFaces.en.md): FindFaces[image] attempts to find human faces in image and returns a list of bounding boxes. FindFaces[image, prop] returns the specified property prop for each detected face. FindFaces[image, crit, prop] finds faces that satisfy the criterion crit. FindFaces[video, ...] finds faces in frames of video.
- [FindFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFile.en.md): FindFile[name] finds the file with the specified name that would be loaded by Get[name] and related functions.
- [FindFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFit.en.md): FindFit[data, expr, pars, vars] finds numerical values of the parameters pars that make expr give a best fit to data as a function of vars. FindFit[data, {expr, cons}, pars, vars] finds a best fit subject to the parameter constraints cons. FindFit[data, exprspec, pars, vars,  prop] specifies what fit property prop should be returned.
- [FindFormula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFormula.en.md): FindFormula[data] finds a pure function that approximates data. FindFormula[data, x] finds a symbolic function of the variable x that approximates data. FindFormula[data, x, n] finds up to n functions that approximate data. FindFormula[data, x, n, prop] returns up to n best functions associated with property prop. FindFormula[data, x, n, {prop1, prop2, ...}] returns up to n best functions associated with properties prop1, prop2, etc.
- [FindFundamentalCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFundamentalCycles.en.md): FindFundamentalCycles[g] finds fundamental cycles of the graph g.
- [FindGeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeneratingFunction.en.md): FindGeneratingFunction[{a0, a1, ...}, x] attempts to find a simple generating function in x whose n^th series coefficient is an. FindGeneratingFunction[{{n0, a0}, {n1, a1}, ...}, x] attempts to find a simple generating function whose ni^th series coefficient is ai.
- [FindGeoLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeoLocation.en.md): FindGeoLocation[] attempts to find the current geo location of your computer. FindGeoLocation[ip] gives an estimate of the geo location associated with the IP address given. FindGeoLocation[address] attempts to find the geo location associated with the street address given. FindGeoLocation[entity] gives the geo location associated with the specified entity.
- [FindGeometricConjectures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeometricConjectures.en.md): FindGeometricConjectures[scene] finds conjectures that appear to hold for the GeometricScene object scene and adds these conjectures to the scene object. FindGeometricConjectures[{scene1, scene2, ...}] finds conjectures that appear to hold for all instances scenei of a geometric scene and returns a combined scene with the conjectures added. FindGeometricConjectures[scenes, patt] adds only conjectures that match the pattern patt. FindGeometricConjectures[scenes, patt, n] adds only up to n ...
- [FindGeometricTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeometricTransform.en.md): FindGeometricTransform[pts1, pts2] finds a geometric transformation that aligns positions specified by pts2 with pts1, returning the alignment error together with the transformation function. FindGeometricTransform[ref, {pts1, pts2, ...}] finds geometric transformations that align each of the ptsi with ref. FindGeometricTransform[{pts1, pts2, ...}] finds geometric transformations that align each of the ptsi with pts1.
- [FindGraphCommunities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGraphCommunities.en.md): FindGraphCommunities[g] finds communities in the graph g. FindGraphCommunities[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindGraphIsomorphism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGraphIsomorphism.en.md): FindGraphIsomorphism[g1, g2] finds an isomorphism that maps the graph g1 to g2 by renaming vertices. FindGraphIsomorphism[g1, g2, n] finds at most n isomorphisms. FindGraphIsomorphism[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindGraphPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGraphPartition.en.md): FindGraphPartition[g] gives a partition of vertices of the graph g. FindGraphPartition[g, k] gives a partition of vertices into k approximately equal-size parts. FindGraphPartition[g, {n1, ..., nk}] gives a partition of vertices into parts with sizes n1, ..., nk. FindGraphPartition[g, {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]k}] gives a partition of vertices into parts with approximate size proportions \\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]k. FindGraphPartition[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the ...
- [FindHamiltonianCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindHamiltonianCycle.en.md): FindHamiltonianCycle[g] finds a Hamiltonian cycle in the graph g. FindHamiltonianCycle[g, k] finds at most k Hamiltonian cycles. FindHamiltonianCycle[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindHamiltonianPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindHamiltonianPath.en.md): FindHamiltonianPath[g] finds a Hamiltonian path in the graph g with the smallest total length. FindHamiltonianPath[g, s, t] finds a Hamiltonian path with the smallest total length from s to t.
- [FindHiddenMarkovStates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindHiddenMarkovStates.en.md): FindHiddenMarkovStates[data, hmm] finds the most likely hidden states of the HiddenMarkovProcess hmm corresponding to the emissions data. FindHiddenMarkovStates[data, hmm, crit] uses the given criterion crit to find the hidden states.
- [FindImageShapes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindImageShapes.en.md): FindImageShapes[image,  model] obtains graphic primitives of shapes in an image. FindImageShapes[video, ...] finds shapes in frames of video.
- [FindImageText](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindImageText.en.md): FindImageText[image] detects text in image and returns a single bounding box. FindImageText[image, level] returns a list of bounding boxes at the specified structural level. FindImageText[image, level, prop] returns prop for text at the given level. FindImageText[video, ...] detects text in frames of video.
- [FindIndependentEdgeSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindIndependentEdgeSet.en.md): FindIndependentEdgeSet[g] finds an independent edge set of the graph g with a maximum number of edges. FindIndependentEdgeSet[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindIndependentVertexSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindIndependentVertexSet.en.md): FindIndependentVertexSet[g] finds an independent vertex set of the graph g with a maximum number of vertices. FindIndependentVertexSet[g, n] finds an independent vertex set with at most n vertices. FindIndependentVertexSet[g, {n}] finds an independent vertex set with exactly n vertices. FindIndependentVertexSet[g, {nmin, nmax}] finds an independent vertex set containing between nmin and nmax vertices. FindIndependentVertexSet[g, nspec, s] finds at most s independent vertex sets. ...
- [FindInstance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindInstance.en.md): FindInstance[expr, vars] finds an instance of vars that makes the statement expr be True. FindInstance[expr, vars, dom] finds an instance over the domain dom. Common choices of dom are Complexes, Reals, Integers, and Booleans. FindInstance[expr, vars, dom, n] finds n instances.
- [FindIntegerNullVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindIntegerNullVector.en.md): FindIntegerNullVector[{x1, x2, ..., xn}] finds a list of integers ai such that a1 x1 + a2 x2 + \\[CenterEllipsis] + an xn == 0. FindIntegerNullVector[{x1, x2, ..., xn}, d] finds a list of integers ai with Norm[{a1, ..., an}] <= d such that a1 x1 + a2 x2 + \\[CenterEllipsis] + an xn == 0.
- [FindIsomers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindIsomers.en.md): FindIsomers[chem] returns a list of molecules with the same chemical formula as chem. FindIsomers[chem, form] finds isomers of chem and returns them in the given form.
- [FindIsomorphicSubgraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindIsomorphicSubgraph.en.md): FindIsomorphicSubgraph[g1, g2] finds a subgraph of g1 that is isomorphic to g2. FindIsomorphicSubgraph[g1, g2, n] finds at most n subgraphs.
- [FindKClan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindKClan.en.md): FindKClan[g, k] finds a largest k-clan in the graph g. FindKClan[g, k, n] finds a k-clan containing at most n vertices. FindKClan[g, k, {n}] finds a k-clan containing exactly n vertices. FindKClan[g, k, {nmin, nmax}] finds a k-clan containing between nmin and nmax vertices. FindKClan[g, k, nspec, s] finds at most s k-clans. FindKClan[{g, v}, k, ...] finds k-clans that include the vertex v only. FindKClan[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindKClique](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindKClique.en.md): FindKClique[g, k] finds a largest k-clique in the graph g. FindKClique[g, k, n] finds a k-clique containing at most n vertices. FindKClique[g, k, {n}] finds a k-clique containing exactly n vertices. FindKClique[g, k, {nmin, nmax}] finds a k-clique containing between nmin and nmax vertices. FindKClique[g, k, nspec, s] finds at most s k-cliques. FindKClique[{g, v}, k, ...] finds k-cliques that include the vertex v only. FindKClique[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph ...
- [FindKClub](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindKClub.en.md): FindKClub[g, k] finds a largest k-club in the graph g.
- [FindKPlex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindKPlex.en.md): FindKPlex[g, k] finds a largest k-plex in the graph g. FindKPlex[g, k, n] finds a k-plex containing at most n vertices. FindKPlex[g, k, {n}] finds a k-plex containing exactly n vertices. FindKPlex[g, k, {nmin, nmax}] finds a k-plex containing between nmin and nmax vertices. FindKPlex[g, k, nspec, s] finds at most s k-plexes. FindKPlex[{g, v}, k, ...] finds k-plexes that include the vertex v only. FindKPlex[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindLibrary.en.md): FindLibrary[lib] finds a dynamic library that can be loaded by LibraryFunctionLoad.
- [FindLinearRecurrence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindLinearRecurrence.en.md): FindLinearRecurrence[list] finds if possible the minimal linear recurrence that generates list. FindLinearRecurrence[list, d] finds if possible the linear recurrence of maximum order d that generates list.
- [FindList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindList.en.md): FindList[file,  text] gives a list of lines in the file that contain the specified string. FindList[file, {SubscriptBox[text, 1], SubscriptBox[text, 2], ...}] gives a list of all lines that contain any of the specified strings. FindList[{SubscriptBox[file, 1], ...}, ...] gives a list of lines containing the specified strings in any of the filei. FindList[files, text, n] includes only the first n lines found.
- [FindMatchingColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMatchingColor.en.md): FindMatchingColor[image, color] returns a color similar to the color that is present in image. FindMatchingColor[image, {color1, color2, ...}] returns a list of colors matching each colori. FindMatchingColor[{image1, image2, ...}, {color1, color2, ...}] returns lists of matching colors for all imagei.
- [FindMatrixGameStrategies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMatrixGameStrategies.en.md): FindMatrixGameStrategies[mgame] finds an optimal strategy profile (Nash equilibrium) for the MatrixGame mgame. FindMatrixGameStrategies[mgame, spec] finds strategy profiles following the specification spec.
- [FindMaximumCut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMaximumCut.en.md): FindMaximumCut[g] gives the maximum cut of the graph g.
- [FindMaximum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMaximum.en.md): FindMaximum[f, x] searches for a local maximum in f, starting from an automatically selected point. FindMaximum[f, {x, x0}] searches for a local maximum in f, starting from the point x = x0. FindMaximum[f, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] searches for a local maximum in a function of several variables. FindMaximum[{f, cons}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] searches for a local maximum subject to the constraints cons. FindMaximum[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] starts from a point within the region defined by the ...
- [FindMaximumFlow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMaximumFlow.en.md): FindMaximumFlow[g, s, t] finds the maximum flow between source vertex s and target vertex t in a graph g. FindMaximumFlow[m, s, t] finds the maximum flow between vertex indices s and t in a graph with edge capacity matrix m. FindMaximumFlow[data, {s1, ...}, {t1, ...}] finds the maximum flow between multi-sources s1, ... and multi-targets t1, .... FindMaximumFlow[data, source, target, property] returns the value of property. FindMaximumFlow[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to ...
- [FindMaxValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMaxValue.en.md): FindMaxValue[f, x] gives the value at a local maximum of f. FindMaxValue[f, {x, x0}] gives the value at a local maximum of f, found by a search starting from the point x = x0. FindMaxValue[f, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the value at a local maximum of a function of several variables. FindMaxValue[{f, cons}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the value at a local maximum subject to the constraints cons. FindMaxValue[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] starts from a point within the region defined by the ...
- [FindMeshDefects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMeshDefects.en.md): FindMeshDefects[mreg] finds defects in the mesh region mreg. FindMeshDefects[mreg, {def1, ...}] finds only the specified type of defects def1, .... FindMeshDefects[mreg, defects, format] formats the results according to format specification.
- [FindMinimumCostFlow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinimumCostFlow.en.md): FindMinimumCostFlow[g, {sd1, sd2, ...}] finds the minimum cost flow in the graph g with sd1, sd2, ... vertex supplies or demands. FindMinimumCostFlow[g, s, t] finds the minimum cost maximum flow between source vertex s and target vertex t in a graph g. FindMinimumCostFlow[g, s, t, d] finds the minimum cost flow between source s and target t, with the required flow d. FindMinimumCostFlow[m, ...] finds the minimum cost flow in a graph with cost matrix m. FindMinimumCostFlow[data, ..., property] ...
- [FindMinimumCut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinimumCut.en.md): FindMinimumCut[g] gives the minimum cut of the graph g. FindMinimumCut[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindMinimum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinimum.en.md): FindMinimum[f, x] searches for a local minimum in f, starting from an automatically selected point. FindMinimum[f, {x, x0}] searches for a local minimum in f, starting from the point x = x0. FindMinimum[f, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] searches for a local minimum in a function of several variables. FindMinimum[{f, cons}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] searches for a local minimum subject to the constraints cons. FindMinimum[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] starts from a point within the region defined by the ...
- [FindMinValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinValue.en.md): FindMinValue[f, x] gives the value at a local minimum of f. FindMinValue[f, {x, x0}] gives the value at a local minimum of f, found by a search starting from the point x = x0. FindMinValue[f, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the value at a local minimum of a function of several variables. FindMinValue[{f, cons}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] gives the value at a local minimum subject to the constraints cons. FindMinValue[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] starts from a point within the region defined by the ...
- [FindMoleculeSubstructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMoleculeSubstructure.en.md): FindMoleculeSubstructure[mol, patt] finds a mapping between the atom indices in mol and an occurrence of patt in mol. FindMoleculeSubstructure[mol, patt, All] finds all occurrences of patt in mol and returns all mappings. FindMoleculeSubstructure[mol, patt, n] finds at most n mappings.
- [FindPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindPath.en.md): FindPath[g, s, t] finds a path between vertex s and vertex t in the graph g. FindPath[g, s, t, k] finds a path of length at most k between vertex s and vertex t in the graph g. FindPath[g, s, t, {k}] finds a path of length exactly k. FindPath[g, s, t, {kmin, kmax}] finds a path of length between kmin and kmax. FindPath[g, s, t, kspec, n] finds at most n paths. FindPath[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindPeaks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindPeaks.en.md): FindPeaks[list] gives positions and values of the detected peaks in list. FindPeaks[list, \\[Sigma]] finds peaks that survive Gaussian blurring up to scale \\[Sigma]. FindPeaks[list, \\[Sigma], s] finds peaks with minimum sharpness s. FindPeaks[list, \\[Sigma], s, t] finds only peaks with values greater than t. FindPeaks[list, \\[Sigma], {s, \\[Sigma]s}, {t, \\[Sigma]t}] uses different scales for thresholding sharpness and value.
- [FindPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindPermutation.en.md): FindPermutation[expr] gives a permutation that produces expr by permuting Sort[expr]. FindPermutation[expr 1, expr 2] gives a permutation that converts expr1 to expr2 for two expressions that differ only in the order of their arguments.
- [FindPlanarColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindPlanarColoring.en.md): FindPlanarColoring[g] finds a coloring with minimal size for the faces of the planar graph g. FindPlanarColoring[g, {c1, c2, ...}] finds a coloring {c1, c2, ..., ck} for the faces in the graph g.
- [FindPointProcessParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindPointProcessParameters.en.md): FindPointProcessParameters[pdata, pproc] estimates the parameters of the point process pproc from point data pdata. FindPointProcessParameters[pdata, pproc, {{p, p0}, {q, q0}, ...}] estimates the parameters p, q, ... with starting values p0, q0, ....
- [FindPostmanTour](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindPostmanTour.en.md): FindPostmanTour[g] finds a Chinese postman tour in the graph g of minimal length. FindPostmanTour[g, k] finds at most k Chinese postman tours. FindPostmanTour[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindProcessParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindProcessParameters.en.md): FindProcessParameters[data, proc] finds the parameter estimates for the process proc from data. FindProcessParameters[data, proc, {{p, p0}, {q, q0}, ...}] finds the parameters p, q, ... with starting values p0, q0, ... .
- [FindRegionTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindRegionTransform.en.md): FindRegionTransform[reg1, reg2] gives the transformation function that maps the region reg1 to the region reg2.
- [FindRepeat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindRepeat.en.md): FindRepeat[list] finds the minimal sublist or subarray that repeats to give list. FindRepeat[list, n] requires that the sublist be repeated at least n times in list. FindRepeat[list, {n1, n2, ...}] requires ni to repeat at level i in list. FindRepeat[string] finds the minimal substring that repeats to give string. FindRepeat[string, n] requires that the substring be repeated at least n times.
- [FindRoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindRoot.en.md): FindRoot[f, {x, x0}] searches for a numerical root of f, starting from the point x = x0. FindRoot[lhs == rhs, {x, x0}] searches for a numerical solution to the equation lhs == rhs. FindRoot[{f1, f2, ...}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] searches for a simultaneous numerical root of all the fi. FindRoot[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {{x, x0}, {y, y0}, ...}] searches for a numerical solution to the simultaneous equations eqni.
- [FindSequenceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSequenceFunction.en.md): FindSequenceFunction[{a1, a2, a3, ...}] attempts to find a simple function that yields the sequence an when given successive integer arguments. FindSequenceFunction[{{n1, a1}, {n2, a2}, ...}] attempts to find a simple function that yields ai when given argument ni. FindSequenceFunction[<|n1 -> a1, n2 -> a2, ...|>] gives a function that yields ai when given argument ni. FindSequenceFunction[{n1 -> a1, n2 -> a2, ...}] gives a function that yields ai when given argument ni. ...
- [FindSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSettings.en.md): FindSettings is a global option that specifies settings for the Find interface.
- [FindShortestCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestCurve.en.md): FindShortestCurve[reg, s, t] finds the shortest curve between two points s and t on the region reg.
- [FindShortestPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestPath.en.md): FindShortestPath[g, s, t] finds the shortest path from source vertex s to target vertex t in the graph g. FindShortestPath[g, s, All] generates a ShortestPathFunction[...] that can be applied repeatedly to different t. FindShortestPath[g, All, t] generates a ShortestPathFunction[...] that can be applied repeatedly to different s. FindShortestPath[g, All, All] generates a ShortestPathFunction[...] that can be applied to different s and t. FindShortestPath[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v ...
- [FindShortestTour](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindShortestTour.en.md): FindShortestTour[{v1, v2, ...}] attempts to find an ordering of the vi that minimizes the total distance on a tour that visits all the vi once. FindShortestTour[graph] attempts to find an ordering of the vertices in graph that minimizes the total length when visiting each vertex once. FindShortestTour[{v1, v2, ...}, j, k] finds an ordering of the vi that minimizes the total distance on a path from vj to vk. FindShortestTour[graph, s, t] finds an ordering of the vertices that minimizes the ...
- [FindSolarEclipse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSolarEclipse.en.md): FindSolarEclipse[] returns the next solar eclipse for which the umbra covers the current geo location. FindSolarEclipse[loc] returns the next eclipse for which the umbra covers the geo location loc. FindSolarEclipse[loc, datespec] returns the eclipses for which the umbra covers loc during the given datespec.
- [FindSpanningTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSpanningTree.en.md): FindSpanningTree[{v1, v2, ..., vn}] finds a spanning tree that minimizes the total distance between the vi. FindSpanningTree[g] finds a spanning tree of the graph g that minimizes the total distances between vertices. FindSpanningTree[{g, v}, ...] finds a spanning tree of the connected component of g that includes the vertex v. FindSpanningTree[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindSubgraphIsomorphism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSubgraphIsomorphism.en.md): FindSubgraphIsomorphism[g1, g2] finds a subgraph isomorphism that maps the graph g1 to a subgraph of g2 by renaming vertices. FindSubgraphIsomorphism[g1, g2, n] finds at most n subgraph isomorphisms.
- [FindSystemModelEquilibrium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSystemModelEquilibrium.en.md): FindSystemModelEquilibrium[model] searches for an equilibrium to the model model. FindSystemModelEquilibrium[model, {{{x1, x10}, ...}, {{u1, u10}, ...}, {{y1, y10}, ...}}] searches for an equilibrium, starting from the points xi = x i0, ui = u i0 and yi = y i0. FindSystemModelEquilibrium[model, {x1 == v1, ...}, ...] searches for an equilibrium, with variable xi constrained to have the value vi etc.
- [FindTextualAnswer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindTextualAnswer.en.md): FindTextualAnswer[text,  question] gives the substring of text that best appears to answer question. FindTextualAnswer[text,  question, n] gives a list of up to n answers that appear most probable. FindTextualAnswer[text,  question, n, prop] gives the specified property for each answer.
- [FindThreshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindThreshold.en.md): FindThreshold[image] finds a global threshold value that partitions the intensity values in image into two intervals.
- [FindTransientRepeat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindTransientRepeat.en.md): FindTransientRepeat[list, n] returns a pair of lists {transient, repeat} where the elements of repeat occur successively at least n times after the elements of the transient part of list. FindTransientRepeat[string, n] returns a pair of strings {transient, repeat}.
- [FindTreeGameStrategies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindTreeGameStrategies.en.md): FindTreeGameStrategies[tgame] finds an optimal strategy profile for the TreeGame tgame.
- [FindVertexColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindVertexColoring.en.md): FindVertexColoring[g] finds a coloring with minimal size for the vertices in the graph g. FindVertexColoring[g, {c1, c2, ...}] finds a coloring {c1, c2, ..., ck} for the vertices in the graph g.
- [FindVertexCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindVertexCover.en.md): FindVertexCover[g] finds a vertex cover of the graph g with a minimum number of vertices. FindVertexCover[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindVertexCut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindVertexCut.en.md): FindVertexCut[g] finds a smallest vertex cut of the graph g. FindVertexCut[g, s, t] finds a smallest s-t vertex cut of the graph g. FindVertexCut[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FindVertexIndependentPaths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindVertexIndependentPaths.en.md): FindVertexIndependentPaths[g, s, t, k] finds at most k vertex-independent paths from vertex s to vertex t in the graph g. FindVertexIndependentPaths[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FinishDynamic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FinishDynamic.en.md): FinishDynamic[] finishes updating and displaying all currently visible Dynamic objects.
- [FiniteAbelianGroupCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteAbelianGroupCount.en.md): FiniteAbelianGroupCount[n] gives the number of finite Abelian groups of order n.
- [FiniteFieldElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteFieldElement.en.md): FiniteFieldElement[ff, ind] gives the element of the finite field ff with index ind. FiniteFieldElement[ff, {c0, c1, c2, ...}] gives the element c0 + c1 \\[Theta] + c2 \\[Theta]^2 + ... of the finite field ff, where \\[Theta] is the field generator of ff.
- [FiniteFieldElementNorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteFieldElementNorm.en.md): FiniteFieldElementNorm[a] gives the absolute norm of the finite field element a. FiniteFieldElementNorm[a, k] gives the norm of a relative to the p^k-element subfield of the ambient field of a. FiniteFieldElementNorm[a, emb] gives the norm of a relative to the finite field embedding emb.
- [FiniteFieldElementPrimitiveQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteFieldElementPrimitiveQ.en.md): FiniteFieldElementPrimitiveQ[a] tests whether a is a primitive element of its ambient field.
- [FiniteFieldElementTrace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteFieldElementTrace.en.md): FiniteFieldElementTrace[a] gives the absolute trace of the finite field element a. FiniteFieldElementTrace[a, k] gives the trace of a relative to the p^k-element subfield of the ambient field of a. FiniteFieldElementTrace[a, emb] gives the trace of a relative to the finite field embedding emb.
- [FiniteFieldEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteFieldEmbedding.en.md): FiniteFieldEmbedding[ff1, ff2] gives an embedding of the finite field ff1 in the finite field ff2. FiniteFieldEmbedding[e1 -> e2] represents the embedding of the ambient field of e1 in the ambient field of e2, which maps e1 to e2.
- [FiniteField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteField.en.md): FiniteField[p, d] gives a finite field with p^d elements. FiniteField[p, f] gives the finite field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalZ]p[\\[Alpha]]/\\[LeftAngleBracket]f(\\[Alpha]\\ )\\[RightAngleBracket], where f(\\[Alpha]) is an irreducible polynomial in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalZ]p[\\[Alpha]]. FiniteField[p, ..., rep] uses field element representation rep, either Polynomial or Exponential.
- [FiniteFieldIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteFieldIndex.en.md): FiniteFieldIndex[u] gives the index of the FiniteFieldElement object u.
- [FiniteGroupCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupCount.en.md): FiniteGroupCount[n] gives the number of finite groups of order n.
- [FiniteGroupData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupData.en.md): FiniteGroupData[name,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the finite group specified by name. FiniteGroupData[class] gives a list of finite groups in the specified class.
- [FirstCase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FirstCase.en.md): FirstCase[{e1, e2, ...}, pattern] gives the first ei to match pattern, or Missing[NotFound] if none matching pattern is found. FirstCase[{e1, ...}, pattern -> rhs] gives the value of rhs corresponding to the first ei to match pattern. FirstCase[expr, pattern, default] gives default if no element matching pattern is found. FirstCase[expr, pattern, default, levelspec] finds only objects that appear on levels specified by levelspec. FirstCase[pattern] represents an operator form of FirstCase ...
- [First](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/First.en.md): First[expr] gives the first element in expr. First[expr, def] gives the first element if it exists, or def otherwise.
- [FirstPassageTimeDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FirstPassageTimeDistribution.en.md): FirstPassageTimeDistribution[mproc, f] represents the distribution of times for the Markov process mproc to pass from the initial state to final states f for the first time.
- [FirstPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FirstPosition.en.md): FirstPosition[expr, pattern] gives the position of the first element in expr that matches pattern, or Missing[NotFound] if no such element is found. FirstPosition[expr, pattern, default] gives default if no element matching pattern is found. FirstPosition[expr, pattern, default, levelspec] finds only objects that appear on levels specified by levelspec. FirstPosition[pattern] represents an operator form of FirstPosition that can be applied to an expression.
- [FischerGroupFi22](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FischerGroupFi22.en.md): FischerGroupFi22[] represents the sporadic simple Fischer group Fi22.
- [FischerGroupFi23](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FischerGroupFi23.en.md): FischerGroupFi23[] represents the sporadic simple Fischer group Fi23.
- [FischerGroupFi24Prime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FischerGroupFi24Prime.en.md): FischerGroupFi24Prime[] represents the sporadic simple Fischer group Fi_24^\\[Prime].
- [FisherHypergeometricDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FisherHypergeometricDistribution.en.md): FisherHypergeometricDistribution[n, nsucc, ntot, w] represents a Fisher noncentral hypergeometric distribution.
- [FisherRatioTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FisherRatioTest.en.md): FisherRatioTest[data] tests whether the variance of data is 1. FisherRatioTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the variances of data1 and data2 are equal. FisherRatioTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2] tests a dispersion measure against \\[Sigma]_0^2. FisherRatioTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [FisherZDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FisherZDistribution.en.md): FisherZDistribution[n, m] represents a Fisher z distribution with n numerator and m denominator degrees of freedom.
- [FitDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FitDegree.en.md): FitDegree is an option to LocalModelFit that specifies the degree of the local polynomial used.
- [Fit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fit.en.md): Fit[data, {f1, ..., fn}, {x, y, ...}] finds a fit a1\\[InvisibleTimes]f1 + ... + an\\[InvisibleTimes]fn to a list of data for functions f1, ..., fn of variables {x, y, ...}. Fit[{m, v}] finds a fit vector a that minimizes || m . a - v || for a design matrix m. Fit[...,  prop] specifies what fit property prop should be returned.
- [FitRegularization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FitRegularization.en.md): FitRegularization is an option for Fit and FindFit that specifies a regularization for fitting a model.
- [FittedModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FittedModel.en.md): FittedModel[...] represents the symbolic fitted model obtained from functions like LinearModelFit.
- [FixedOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedOrder.en.md): FixedOrder[p1, p2, ...] is a grammar rules pattern object that represents a sequence of elements matching p1, p2, ..., in the fixed order given.
- [FixedPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPoint.en.md): FixedPoint[f, expr] starts with expr, then applies f repeatedly until the result no longer changes. FixedPoint[f, expr, n] stops after at most n steps.
- [FixedPointList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FixedPointList.en.md): FixedPointList[f, expr] generates a list giving the results of applying f repeatedly, starting with expr, until the results no longer change. FixedPointList[f, expr, n] stops after at most n steps.
- [Flat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Flat.en.md): Flat is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that all expressions involving nested functions f should be flattened out. This property is accounted for in pattern matching.
- [FlatShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlatShading.en.md): FlatShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn to reflect as a flat surface. FlatShading[d] uses the attenuation factor d for the diffuse light. FlatShading[{d, a}] uses the attenuation factor a for the ambient light.
- [FlattenAt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlattenAt.en.md): FlattenAt[list, n] flattens out a sublist that appears as the n th element of list. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. FlattenAt[expr, {i, j, ...}] flattens out the part of expr at position {i, j, ...}. FlattenAt[expr, {{i1, j1, ...}, {i2, j2, ...}, ...}] flattens out parts of expr at several positions. FlattenAt[pos] represents an operator form of FlattenAt that can be applied to an expression.
- [Flatten](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Flatten.en.md): Flatten[list] flattens out nested lists. Flatten[list, n] flattens to level n. Flatten[list, n, h] flattens subexpressions with head h. Flatten[list, {{s11, s12, ...}, {s21, s22, ...}, ...}] flattens list by combining all levels sij to make each level i in the result.
- [FlattenLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlattenLayer.en.md): FlattenLayer[] represents a net layer that flattens any input array into a vector. FlattenLayer[n] represents a net layer that flattens its input to level n. FlattenLayer[{{s11, s12, ...}, {s21, s22, ...}, ...}] represents a net layer that flattens its input by combining all levels sij to make each level i in the result.
- [FlatTopWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlatTopWindow.en.md): FlatTopWindow[x] represents an exact flat top window function of x.
- [FlightData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlightData.en.md): FlightData[spec, options] returns a subset of properties for a flight or selection of flights with specifications spec. FlightData[spec, prop, options] returns the value of the property prop for specifications spec. FlightData[spec, prop, datespec, options] returns the value of the property prop for a specific time or time range datespec.
- [FlipView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlipView.en.md): FlipView[{expr1, expr2}] represents an object which flips between displaying expr1 and expr2 each time it is clicked. FlipView[{expr1, expr2, ...}] cyclically flips through successive expri. FlipView[{expr1, expr2, ...}, i] makes expri be the object currently displayed.
- [Floor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Floor.en.md): Floor[x] gives the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Floor[x, a] gives the greatest multiple of a less than or equal to x.
- [FlowPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FlowPolynomial.en.md): FlowPolynomial[g, k] gives the flow polynomial of the graph g. FlowPolynomial[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [FluidFlowPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FluidFlowPDEComponent.en.md): FluidFlowPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a flow PDE term with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [FluidViscosity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FluidViscosity.en.md): FluidViscosity[vars, pars, velocity] yields fluid viscosity with variables vars, parameters pars and fluid velocity velocity.
- [FluidViscousStress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FluidViscousStress.en.md): FluidViscousStress[vars, pars, velocity] yields fluid viscous stress with variables vars, parameters pars and fluid velocity velocity.
- [Fold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fold.en.md): Fold[f, x, list] gives the last element of FoldList[f, x, list]. Fold[f, list] is equivalent to Fold[f, First[list], Rest[list]]. Fold[f] represents an operator form of Fold that can be applied to expressions.
- [FoldList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoldList.en.md): FoldList[f, x, {a, b, ...}] gives {x, f[x, a], f[f[x, a], b], ...}. FoldList[f, {a, b, c, ...}] gives {a, f[a, b], f[f[a, b], c], ...}. FoldList[f] represents an operator form of FoldList that can be applied to expressions.
- [FoldPair](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoldPair.en.md): FoldPair[f, y 0, list] gives the last element of FoldPairList[f, y 0, list]. FoldPair[f, y0, list, g] gives the last element of FoldPairList[f, y 0, list, g]. FoldPair[f, {a0, a1, a2, ...}] is equivalent to FoldPair[f, a0, {a1, a2, ...}].
- [FoldPairList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoldPairList.en.md): FoldPairList[f, y0, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the list of successive xi obtained by applying f to pairs of the form {y i - 1, ai}, where at each step f returns {xi, yi}. FoldPairList[f, y0, list, g] gives the list of successive values of g[{xi, yi}]. FoldPairList[f, {a0, a1, a2, ...}] is equivalent to FoldPairList[f, a0, {a1, a2, ...}].
- [FoldWhile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoldWhile.en.md): FoldWhile[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test] returns the first expression f[... f[f[x, a1], a2] ..., ak] to which applying test does not yield True. FoldWhile[f, list, test] is equivalent to FoldWhile[f, First[list], Rest[list], test]. FoldWhile[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test, m] supplies the most recent m results as arguments for test at each step. FoldWhile[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test, All] supplies all results so far as arguments for test at each step. FoldWhile[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test, m, n] returns ...
- [FoldWhileList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoldWhileList.en.md): FoldWhileList[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test] returns {x, f[x, a1], f[f[x, a1], a2], ...}, repeatedly applying f with subsequent values ai until applying test to the result does not yield True. FoldWhileList[f, list, test] is equivalent to FoldWhileList[f, First[list], Rest[list], test]. FoldWhileList[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test, m] supplies the most recent m results as arguments for test at each step. FoldWhileList[f, x, {a1, a2, ...}, test, All] supplies all results so far as arguments for test at ...
- [FollowRedirects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FollowRedirects.en.md): FollowRedirects is an option for URLRead and related functions that specifies whether to follow HTTP redirects when retrieving a URL.
- [FontColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontColor.en.md): FontColor is an option for Style, Cell, and related constructs that specifies the default color in which to render text.
- [FontFamily](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontFamily.en.md): FontFamily is an option for Style and Cell that specifies the font family in which text should be rendered.
- [FontForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontForm.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), FontForm has been superseded by StyleForm and TextStyle.
- [FontProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontProperties.en.md): As of Version 13.3, FontProperties is no longer supported. Properties may be specified globally using DefaultFontProperties.
- [FontSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontSize.en.md): FontSize is an option for Style and Cell that specifies the default size in printer's points of the font in which to render text.
- [FontSlant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontSlant.en.md): FontSlant is an option for Style, Cell, and related constructs that specifies how slanted characters in text should be.
- [FontSubstitutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontSubstitutions.en.md): FontSubstitutions is a global option that gives a list of substitutions to try for font family names.
- [FontTracking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontTracking.en.md): FontTracking is an option for Style and Cell that specifies how condensed or expanded you want the font in which text is rendered to be.
- [FontVariations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontVariations.en.md): FontVariations is an option for Style, Cell, and related constructs that specifies what font variations should be used.
- [FontWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FontWeight.en.md): FontWeight is an option for Style, Cell, and related constructs that specifies how heavy the characters in a font should be.
- [ForAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForAll.en.md): ForAll[x, expr] represents the statement that expr is True for all values of x. ForAll[x, cond, expr] states that expr is True for all x satisfying the condition cond. ForAll[{x1, x2, ...}, expr] states that expr is True for all values of all the x i.
- [ForAllType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForAllType.en.md): ForAllType[x, type] represents a type parameterized by x. ForAllType[x, cond, type] represents a type satisfying cond. ForAllType[{x1, x1, ...}, cond, type] represents a type with multiple parameters.
- [ForceVersionInstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForceVersionInstall.en.md): ForceVersionInstall is an option to PacletInstall and PacletInstallSubmit that specifies whether an older version of a paclet is allowed to be installed if a newer version is already installed.
- [ForeignCallback](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForeignCallback.en.md): ForeignCallback[...] represents a foreign callback that can be called from external libraries.
- [ForeignFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForeignFunction.en.md): ForeignFunction[args] represents a function that has been loaded from a library.
- [ForeignFunctionLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForeignFunctionLoad.en.md): ForeignFunctionLoad[lib, fun, {argtype1, argtype2, ...} -> rettype] loads the function fun with the specified argument and output types from the library lib. ForeignFunctionLoad[ptr, {argtype1, argtype2, ...} -> rettype] creates a foreign function from the function pointer ptr.
- [ForeignPointerLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForeignPointerLookup.en.md): ForeignPointerLookup[lib, fun] returns the pointer to the function fun in the library lib.
- [For](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/For.en.md): For[start, test, incr, body] executes start, then repeatedly evaluates body and incr until test fails to give True.
- [Format](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Format.en.md): Format[expr] prints as the formatted form of expr. Assigning values to Format[expr] defines print forms for expressions. Format[expr, form] gives a format for the specified form of output.
- [FormatTypeAutoConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormatTypeAutoConvert.en.md): FormatTypeAutoConvert is an option for cells that specifies whether the contents of a cell are automatically converted into a different format when the style of that cell is changed.
- [FormatType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormatType.en.md): FormatType is an option for output streams, graphics, and functions such as Text that specifies the default format type to use when outputting expressions.
- [FormBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormBox.en.md): FormBox[boxes, form] is a low-level box construct which displays as boxes but specifies that rules associated with form should be used to interpret boxes on input.
- [FormBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormBoxOptions.en.md): FormBoxOptions is an option for cells that specifies settings for FormBox objects within the cell.
- [FormControl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormControl.en.md): FormControl[assoc, struct] represents an editable form in a notebook, with structure specified by struct and current values specified by assoc. FormControl[Dynamic[x], struct] represents a form in a notebook in which current values are given by the dynamically updated value of x.
- [FormFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormFunction.en.md): FormFunction[formspec, func] represents an active form that, when submitted, applies func to the values obtained from the form specified by formspec. FormFunction[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> type1, ...}, func] represents an active form with fields named namei interpreted as types typei. FormFunction[{{SubscriptBox[name, 1], label1} -> type1, ...}, func] uses labeli as the label for the field named namei. FormFunction[{namespec1 -> type1 -> default1, ...}, func] uses defaulti as the ...
- [FormLayoutFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormLayoutFunction.en.md): FormLayoutFunction is an option for FormObject and FormFunction that can be used to specify how to lay out a form.
- [FormObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormObject.en.md): FormObject[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> type1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> type2, ...}] represents a form with fields having names namei that take data of type typei. FormObject[{{SubscriptBox[name, 1], label1} -> type1, ...}] uses labeli as the label for the field named namei. FormObject[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> assoc1, ..., objj, ...}] uses full specification associ for a field, and objj as part of the layout of the form.
- [FormPage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormPage.en.md): FormPage[formspec, func] represents an active page that takes input from a form and generates results on the same page by applying func to the values obtained from the form whose structure is defined by formspec. FormPage[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> type1, ...}, func] represents an active form page with fields named namei interpreted as types typei. FormPage[{{SubscriptBox[name, 1], label1} -> type1, ...}, func] uses labeli as the label for the field named namei. FormPage[{namespec1 -> ...
- [FormProtectionMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormProtectionMethod.en.md): FormProtectionMethod is an option for form generation functions that specifies what method to use for protecting the form against spam and other undesired submissions.
- [FormTheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormTheme.en.md): As of Version 11, FormTheme has been superseded by PageTheme.
- [FormulaData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormulaData.en.md): FormulaData[name] gives the equations for the formula name. FormulaData[name, {var1 -> quantity1, var2 -> quantity2, ...}] solves or simplifies equations using the specified values quantityi for the variables vari. FormulaData[name,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the formula name.
- [FormulaLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormulaLookup.en.md): FormulaLookup[query] gives a list of the full names of formulas whose names are consistent with  query. FormulaLookup[query, n] returns at most n results. FormulaLookup[class] returns the names of all formulas within that class.
- [FormulaModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FormulaModel.en.md): FormulaModel[expr, vars] creates a model using the expression expr, in variables vars. FormulaModel[expr, pars, vars] creates a model using explicit parameters pars.
- [FortranForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FortranForm.en.md): FortranForm[expr] prints as a Fortran language version of expr.
- [ForwardBackward](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForwardBackward.en.md): ForwardBackward is a symbol that represents alternate forward and backward motion or animation.
- [ForwardCloudCredentials](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ForwardCloudCredentials.en.md): ForwardCloudCredentials is an option for remote evaluation and submission functions that specifies whether Wolfram Cloud credentials from the local session should be copied into remote sessions.
- [Forward](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Forward.en.md): Forward is a symbol that represents the forward direction for purposes of motion and animation.
- [FourierCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCoefficient.en.md): FourierCoefficient[expr, t, n] gives the n^th coefficient in the Fourier series expansion of expr. FourierCoefficient[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives a multidimensional Fourier coefficient.
- [FourierCosCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosCoefficient.en.md): FourierCosCoefficient[expr, t, n] gives the n^th coefficient in the Fourier cosine series expansion of expr. FourierCosCoefficient[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives a multidimensional Fourier cosine coefficient.
- [FourierCosSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosSeries.en.md): FourierCosSeries[expr, t, n] gives the n^th-order Fourier cosine series expansion of expr in t. FourierCosSeries[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Fourier cosine series of expr.
- [FourierCosTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosTransform.en.md): FourierCosTransform[f[t], t, \\[Omega]] gives the symbolic Fourier cosine transform of f[t] in the variable t as F[\\[Omega]] in the variable \\[Omega]. FourierCosTransform[f[t], t, OverscriptBox[StyleBox[\\[Omega], TI, FontSlant->Plain], ^]] gives the numeric Fourier cosine transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[StyleBox[\\[Omega], TI, FontSlant->Plain], ^]. FourierCosTransform[f[t1, ..., tn], {t1, ..., tn}, {\\[Omega] 1, ..., \\[Omega] n}] gives the multidimensional Fourier ...
- [FourierDCT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierDCT.en.md): FourierDCT[list] finds the Fourier discrete cosine transform of a list of real numbers. FourierDCT[list, m] finds the Fourier discrete cosine transform of type m.
- [FourierDCTFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierDCTFilter.en.md): FourierDCTFilter[image, t] reduces noise in image by locally thresholding the discrete cosine transforms of overlapping subimages, using the hard threshold t.
- [FourierDCTMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierDCTMatrix.en.md): FourierDCTMatrix[n] returns an n*n discrete cosine transform matrix of type 2. FourierDCTMatrix[n, m] returns an n*n discrete cosine transform matrix of type m.
- [FourierDST](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierDST.en.md): FourierDST[list] finds the Fourier discrete sine transform of a list of real numbers. FourierDST[list, m] finds the Fourier discrete sine transform of type m.
- [FourierDSTMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierDSTMatrix.en.md): FourierDSTMatrix[n] returns an n*n discrete sine transform matrix of type 2. FourierDSTMatrix[n, m] returns an n*n discrete sine transform matrix of type m.
- [Fourier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Fourier.en.md): Fourier[list] finds the discrete Fourier transform of a list of complex numbers. Fourier[list, {p1, p2, ...}] returns the specified positions of the discrete Fourier transform.
- [FourierMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierMatrix.en.md): FourierMatrix[n] returns an n*n Fourier matrix.
- [FourierParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierParameters.en.md): FourierParameters is an option to Fourier and related functions that specifies the conventions to use in computing Fourier transforms.
- [FourierSequenceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSequenceTransform.en.md): FourierSequenceTransform[expr, n, \\[Omega]] gives the Fourier sequence transform of expr. FourierSequenceTransform[expr, {n1, n2, ...}, {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Fourier sequence transform.
- [FourierSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSeries.en.md): FourierSeries[expr, t, n] gives the n^th-order Fourier series expansion of expr in t. FourierSeries[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Fourier series.
- [FourierSinCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinCoefficient.en.md): FourierSinCoefficient[expr, t, n] gives the n^th coefficient in the Fourier sine series expansion of expr. FourierSinCoefficient[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives a multidimensional Fourier sine coefficient.
- [FourierSinSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinSeries.en.md): FourierSinSeries[expr, t, n] gives the n^th-order Fourier sine series expansion of expr in t. FourierSinSeries[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Fourier sine series of expr.
- [FourierSinTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinTransform.en.md): FourierSinTransform[f[t], t, \\[Omega]] gives the symbolic Fourier sine transform of f[t] in the variable t as F[\\[Omega]] in the variable \\[Omega]. FourierSinTransform[f[t], t, OverscriptBox[StyleBox[\\[Omega], TI, FontSlant->Plain], ^]] gives the numeric Fourier sine transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[StyleBox[\\[Omega], TI, FontSlant->Plain], ^]. FourierSinTransform[f[t1, ..., tn], {t1, ..., tn}, {\\[Omega] 1, ..., \\[Omega] n}] gives the multidimensional Fourier sine ...
- [FourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierTransform.en.md): FourierTransform[f[t], t, \\[Omega]] gives the symbolic Fourier transform of f[t] in the variable t as F[\\[Omega]] in the variable \\[Omega]. FourierTransform[f[t], t, OverscriptBox[StyleBox[\\[Omega], TI, FontSlant->Plain], ^]] gives the numeric Fourier transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[StyleBox[\\[Omega], TI, FontSlant->Plain], ^]. FourierTransform[f[t1, ..., tn], {t1, ..., tn}, {\\[Omega] 1, ..., \\[Omega] n}] gives the multidimensional Fourier transform of f[t1, ..., tn].
- [FourierTrigSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierTrigSeries.en.md): FourierTrigSeries[expr, t, n] gives the n^th-order Fourier trigonometric series expansion of expr in t. FourierTrigSeries[expr, {t1, t2, ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Fourier trigonometric series of expr.
- [FoxH](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoxH.en.md): FoxH[{{{a1, \\[Alpha]1}, ..., {an, \\[Alpha]n}}, {{a n + 1, \\[Alpha] n + 1}, ..., {ap, \\[Alpha]p}}}, {{{b1, \\[Beta]1}, \\ ..., {bm, \\[Beta]m}}, {{b m + 1, \\[Beta] m + 1}, ..., {bq, \\[Beta]q}}}, z] is the Fox H-function H_p^\\ q, m, \\ n(z \\[VerticalSeparator] GridBox[{ { RowBox[{ RowBox[{(, RowBox[{a1, ,, \\[Alpha]1}], )}], ,, ..., ,, RowBox[{(, RowBox[{ap, ,, \\[Alpha]p}], )}]}]}, { RowBox[{ RowBox[{(, RowBox[{b1, ,, \\[Beta]1}], )}], ,, ..., ,, RowBox[{(, RowBox[{bq, ,, \\[Beta]q}], ...
- [FoxHReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FoxHReduce.en.md): FoxHReduce[expr, x] attempts to reduce expr to a single FoxH object as a function of x.
- [FractionalBrownianMotionProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionalBrownianMotionProcess.en.md): FractionalBrownianMotionProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], h] represents fractional Brownian motion process with drift \\[Mu], volatility \\[Sigma], and Hurst index h. FractionalBrownianMotionProcess[h] represents fractional Brownian motion process with drift 0, volatility 1, and Hurst index h.
- [FractionalD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionalD.en.md): FractionalD[f, {x, \\[Alpha]}] gives the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]0 D_x^\\[Alpha] f(x) of order \\[Alpha] of the function f.
- [FractionalGaussianNoiseProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionalGaussianNoiseProcess.en.md): FractionalGaussianNoiseProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], h] represents a fractional Gaussian noise process with drift \\[Mu], volatility \\[Sigma], and Hurst index h. FractionalGaussianNoiseProcess[h] represents a fractional Gaussian noise process with drift 0, volatility 1, and Hurst index h.
- [FractionalPart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionalPart.en.md): FractionalPart[x] gives the fractional part of x.
- [FractionBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionBox.en.md): FractionBox[x, y] is a low-level formatting construct that represents x/y in notebook expressions.
- [FractionBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionBoxOptions.en.md): FractionBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for FractionBox objects.
- [FractionLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FractionLine.en.md): FractionLine is an option for fractions that specifies the thickness of the line separating the numerator and denominator.
- [FrameBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameBox.en.md): FrameBox[box] is a low-level box construct that represents box with a frame drawn around it.
- [FrameBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameBoxOptions.en.md): FrameBoxOptions is an option that specifies default settings for FrameBox objects.
- [Framed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Framed.en.md): Framed[expr] displays a framed version of expr.
- [Frame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Frame.en.md): Frame is an option for Graphics, Grid, and other constructs that specifies whether to include a frame.
- [FrameFitting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameFitting.en.md): As of Version 13.0, FrameFitting has been superseded by ConformationMethod.
- [FrameLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameLabel.en.md): FrameLabel is an option for Graphics, Manipulate, and related functions that specifies labels to be placed on the edges of a frame.
- [FrameListVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameListVideo.en.md): FrameListVideo[{img1, img2, ...}] generates a video containing frames img1, img2, etc. FrameListVideo[files] generates a video from existing image files.
- [FrameMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameMargins.en.md): FrameMargins is an option for objects that can be displayed with frames which specifies the absolute margins in printer's points to leave inside the frame.
- [FrameRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameRate.en.md): FrameRate is an option to specify the number of frames per second.
- [FrameStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameStyle.en.md): FrameStyle is an option for Graphics, Grid, and other constructs that specifies the style in which to draw frames.
- [FrameTicks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameTicks.en.md): FrameTicks is an option for 2D graphics functions that specifies tick marks for the edges of a frame.
- [FrameTicksStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrameTicksStyle.en.md): FrameTicksStyle is an option for 2D graphics functions that specifies how frame ticks should be rendered.
- [FRatioDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FRatioDistribution.en.md): FRatioDistribution[n, m] represents an F-ratio distribution with n numerator and m denominator degrees of freedom.
- [FrechetDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrechetDistribution.en.md): FrechetDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents the Fréchet distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. FrechetDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Mu]] represents the Fréchet distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha], scale parameter \\[Beta], and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [FreeformEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FreeformEvaluate.en.md): FreeformEvaluate[query] or =[query] interprets query using Wolfram|Alpha and computes the result. FreeformEvaluate[query, h] interprets query and wraps the result of interpretation in the head h.
- [FreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FreeQ.en.md): FreeQ[expr, form] yields True if no subexpression in expr matches form, and yields False otherwise. FreeQ[expr, form, levelspec] tests only those parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec. FreeQ[form] represents an operator form of FreeQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [FrenetSerretSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrenetSerretSystem.en.md): FrenetSerretSystem[{x1, ..., xn}, t] gives the generalized curvatures and Frenet-Serret basis for the parametric curve xi[t]. FrenetSerretSystem[{x1, ..., xn}, t, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [FrequencySamplingFilterKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrequencySamplingFilterKernel.en.md): FrequencySamplingFilterKernel[{a1, ..., ak}] creates a finite impulse response (FIR) filter kernel using a frequency sampling method from amplitude values ai. FrequencySamplingFilterKernel[{a1, ..., ak}, m] creates an FIR filter kernel of type m.
- [FresnelC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FresnelC.en.md): FresnelC[z] gives the Fresnel integral FresnelC[z].
- [FresnelF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FresnelF.en.md): FresnelF[z] gives the Fresnel auxiliary function FresnelF[z].
- [FresnelG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FresnelG.en.md): FresnelG[z] gives the Fresnel auxiliary function FresnelG[z].
- [FresnelS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FresnelS.en.md): FresnelS[z] gives the Fresnel integral FresnelS[z].
- [Friday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Friday.en.md): Friday is a day of the week.
- [FrobeniusAutomorphism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusAutomorphism.en.md): FrobeniusAutomorphism[a] gives the value of the Frobenius automorphism at the finite field element a. FrobeniusAutomorphism[a, k] gives the value of the k^th functional power of the Frobenius automorphism at a.
- [FrobeniusDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusDecomposition.en.md): FrobeniusDecomposition[a] gives the Frobenius decomposition of a square matrix a as a list {s, c}, such that a = s . c . s -1 where s is a similarity matrix and c is a block companion diagonal matrix.
- [FrobeniusNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusNumber.en.md): FrobeniusNumber[{a1, ..., an}] gives the Frobenius number of a1, ..., an.
- [FrobeniusReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusReduce.en.md): FrobeniusReduce[m] gives the Frobenius normal form of a square matrix m.
- [FrobeniusSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrobeniusSolve.en.md): FrobeniusSolve[{a1, ..., an}, b] gives a list of all solutions of the Frobenius equation a1 x1 + ... + an xn == b. FrobeniusSolve[{a1, ..., an}, b, m] gives at most m solutions.
- [FromAbsoluteTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromAbsoluteTime.en.md): FromAbsoluteTime[time] gives a date object corresponding to an absolute time specification as given by AbsoluteTime.
- [FromASCII](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromASCII.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), FromASCII has been superseded by FromCharacterCode.
- [FromCharacterCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromCharacterCode.en.md): FromCharacterCode[n] gives a string consisting of the character with integer code n. FromCharacterCode[{n1, n2, ...}] gives a string consisting of the sequence of characters with codes ni. FromCharacterCode[{{n11, n12, ...}, {n21, ...}, ...}] gives a list of strings. FromCharacterCode[codes,  encoding] uses the specified character encoding.
- [FromCoefficientRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromCoefficientRules.en.md): FromCoefficientRules[list, {x1, x2, ...}] constructs a polynomial from a list of rules for exponent vectors and coefficients.
- [FromContinuedFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromContinuedFraction.en.md): FromContinuedFraction[list] reconstructs a number from the list of its continued fraction terms.
- [FromDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromDate.en.md): FromDate has been superseded by functionality in AbsoluteTime since Version 6.0.
- [FromDateString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromDateString.en.md): FromDateString[string] gives a date object corresponding to the date represented by  string. FromDateString[string, {SubscriptBox[e, 1], SubscriptBox[e, 2], ...}] gives the date object obtained by extracting elements SubscriptBox[e, i] from  string. FromDateString[string, fmt] gives the date object obtained using the date format fmt.
- [FromDigits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromDigits.en.md): FromDigits[list] constructs an integer from the list of its decimal digits. FromDigits[list, b] takes the digits to be given in base b. FromDigits[list, MixedRadix[blist]] uses the mixed radix with list of bases blist. FromDigits[string] constructs an integer from a string of digits. FromDigits[string, Roman] constructs an integer from Roman numerals.
- [FromDMS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromDMS.en.md): FromDMS[{d, m, s}] converts from degrees, minutes, and seconds to decimal degrees. FromDMS[dms] converts from a DMS string to decimal degrees. FromDMS[latlon] converts from a latitude-longitude string to latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.
- [FromEntity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromEntity.en.md): FromEntity[entity] returns a Wolfram Language object corresponding to an entity.
- [FromFiniteField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromFiniteField.en.md): FromFiniteField[a, ff] converts the element a of the prime subfield of the finite field ff to an integer. FromFiniteField[expr, ff, t] converts the elements of the finite field ff in the coefficients of the rational expression expr to polynomials in t, where t represents the field generator.
- [FromFiniteFieldIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromFiniteFieldIndex.en.md): FromFiniteFieldIndex[ind, ff] gives the element of the finite field ff with index ind.
- [FromJulianDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromJulianDate.en.md): FromJulianDate[jd] gives a date object corresponding to the Julian date jd. FromJulianDate[type, jd] gives a date object corresponding to the specified Julian date variant.
- [FromLetterNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromLetterNumber.en.md): FromLetterNumber[n] gives the lowercase letter at position n in the English alphabet. FromLetterNumber[n, alpha] gives the letter at position n in the alphabet specified by alpha.
- [FromLunationNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromLunationNumber.en.md): FromLunationNumber[ln] returns the date corresponding to the lunation number ln. FromLunationNumber[scheme, ln] returns the date corresponding to the lunation number in the given counting scheme.
- [FromPolarCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromPolarCoordinates.en.md): FromPolarCoordinates[{r, \\[Theta]}] gives the {x, y} Cartesian coordinates corresponding to the polar coordinates {r, \\[Theta]}. FromPolarCoordinates[{r, \\[Theta]1, ..., \\[Theta] n - 2, \\[Phi]}] gives the coordinates corresponding to the hyperspherical coordinates {r, \\[Theta]1, ..., \\[Theta] n - 2, \\[Phi]}
- [FromRawPointer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromRawPointer.en.md): FromRawPointer[p] returns the value referred to by the pointer p for use in compiled code. FromRawPointer[array, offset] returns the value of a C array at an offset.
- [FromRomanNumeral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromRomanNumeral.en.md): FromRomanNumeral[string] gives the integer corresponding to the Roman numeral string.
- [FromSphericalCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromSphericalCoordinates.en.md): FromSphericalCoordinates[{r, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]}] gives the {x, y, z} Cartesian coordinates corresponding to the spherical coordinates {r, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]}.
- [FromTabular](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromTabular.en.md): FromTabular[tab,  form] converts a Tabular object tab to an object given by  form. FromTabular[tab,  form, assoc] uses directives from the association assoc to give details of the conversion.
- [FromUnixTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromUnixTime.en.md): FromUnixTime[time] gives a date object corresponding to a UnixTime specification.
- [FrontEndDynamicExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrontEndDynamicExpression.en.md): FrontEndDynamicExpression is a global front end option that specifies an expression to be dynamically updated whenever the front end is running.
- [FrontEndEventActions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrontEndEventActions.en.md): FrontEndEventActions is an option for the notebook front end that gives a list of actions to perform when specified user-interface events occur.
- [FrontEndExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrontEndExecute.en.md): FrontEndExecute[expr] sends expr to be executed by the Wolfram System front end.
- [FrontEndToken](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrontEndToken.en.md): FrontEndToken[cmd] is an object that represents a front end command token, typically corresponding to a front end menu item, to be executed by FrontEndExecute. FrontEndToken[nb,  cmd] represents a command that targets the specified notebook. FrontEndToken[nb,  cmd, param] represents a command with a parameter.
- [FrontEndTokenExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FrontEndTokenExecute.en.md): FrontEndTokenExecute[cmd] executes the specified front end command token, typically corresponding to a front end menu item.
- [Front](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Front.en.md): Front is a symbol that represents the front of a graphic for purposes of placement and alignment.
- [FullDefinition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullDefinition.en.md): FullDefinition[symbol] prints as the definitions given for symbol, and all symbols on which these depend. FullDefinition[patt] prints as the definitions given for the symbols whose names textually match the arbitrary string pattern patt, and all symbols on which these depend. FullDefinition[{spec1, spec2, ...}] prints as the definitions given for the symbols that are equal to or whose names match any of the speci, and all symbols on which these depend.
- [Full](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Full.en.md): Full is a setting used for certain options, typically indicating that a full range of values should be included.
- [FullForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullForm.en.md): FullForm[expr] prints as the full form of expr, with no special syntax.
- [FullGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullGraphics.en.md): FullGraphics[g] takes a graphics object, and generates a new one in which objects specified by graphics options are given as explicit lists of graphics primitives.
- [FullInformationOutputRegulator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullInformationOutputRegulator.en.md): FullInformationOutputRegulator[sys, rspec] gives the full state information output regulator for sys using specification rspec. FullInformationOutputRegulator[{sys, {out1, ...}, {in1, \\ ...}}, ...] specifies the regulated outputs outi and the controlled inputs inj.
- [FullMoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullMoon.en.md): FullMoon[] gives the date of the next full moon. FullMoon[date] gives the date of the first full moon after the given date.
- [FullOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullOptions.en.md): Since Version 4.0 (released in 1999), FullOptions has been superseded by AbsoluteOptions.
- [FullRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullRegion.en.md): FullRegion[n] represents the full region \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n.
- [FullSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FullSimplify.en.md): FullSimplify[expr] tries a wide range of transformations on expr involving elementary and special functions and returns the simplest form it finds. FullSimplify[expr, assum] does simplification using assumptions.
- [FunctionAnalytic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionAnalytic.en.md): FunctionAnalytic[f, x] tests whether f(x) is an analytic function for x \\[Element] Reals. FunctionAnalytic[f, x, dom] tests whether f(x) is an analytic function for x \\[Element] dom. FunctionAnalytic[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...), f2(x1, x2, ...), ... are analytic functions for x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom. FunctionAnalytic[{funs, cons}, xvars, dom] tests whether funs(xvars) are analytic functions for xvars in an open set containing the solutions of the ...
- [FunctionBijective](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionBijective.en.md): FunctionBijective[f, x] tests whether f(x) == y has exactly one solution x \\[Element] Reals for each y \\[Element] Reals. FunctionBijective[f, x, dom] tests whether f(x) == y has exactly one solution x \\[Element] dom for each y \\[Element] dom. FunctionBijective[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...) == y1, f2(x1, x2, ...) == y2, ... has exactly one solution x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom for each y1, y2, ... \\[Element] dom. FunctionBijective[{funs, xcons, ycons}, ...
- [FunctionCompile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionCompile.en.md): FunctionCompile[f] generates a compiled code function from a pure function. FunctionCompile[{f1, f2, ...}] generates a list of compiled code functions from a list of pure functions. FunctionCompile[<|k1 -> f1, k2 -> f2, ...|>] generates an association of compiled code functions from an association of Wolfram Language functions. FunctionCompile[defs, fspec] uses the local auxiliary definitions defs.
- [FunctionCompileExportByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionCompileExportByteArray.en.md): FunctionCompileExportByteArray[fspec] gives a byte array of binary LLVM code obtained by compiling the function specification fspec. FunctionCompileExportByteArray[defs, fspec] uses the auxiliary definitions defs for compilation. FunctionCompileExportByteArray[fspec,  format] gives a byte array of binary code in the specified format.
- [FunctionCompileExport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionCompileExport.en.md): FunctionCompileExport[file. ext, fspec] exports a compiled version of functions fspec in the format specified by the file extension ext. FunctionCompileExport[path, defs, fspec] exports a compiled version of fspec using local auxiliary definitions defs. FunctionCompileExport[path, fspec,  format] exports in the specified format. FunctionCompileExport[path, defs, fspec,  format] exports a compiled version using local auxiliary definitions.
- [FunctionCompileExportLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionCompileExportLibrary.en.md): FunctionCompileExportLibrary[file, fspec] exports a compiled version of function specification fspec as a shared library suitable for external use. FunctionCompileExportLibrary[file, defs, fspec] uses the auxiliary definitions defs for compilation.
- [FunctionCompileExportString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionCompileExportString.en.md): FunctionCompileExportString[fspec] gives a string of textual LLVM code obtained by compiling the function specification fspec. FunctionCompileExportString[defs, fspec] uses the auxiliary definitions defs for compilation. FunctionCompileExportString[fspec,  format] gives a string of textual code in the specified format.
- [FunctionContinuous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionContinuous.en.md): FunctionContinuous[f, x] tests whether f(x) is a real-valued continuous function for x \\[Element] Reals. FunctionContinuous[f, x, dom] tests whether f(x) is a continuous function for x \\[Element] dom. FunctionContinuous[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...), f2(x1, x2, ...), ... are continuous functions for x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom. FunctionContinuous[{funs, cons}, xvars, dom] tests whether funs(xvars) are continuous functions for xvars \\[Element] dom ...
- [FunctionConvexity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionConvexity.en.md): FunctionConvexity[f, {x1, x2, ...}] finds the convexity of the function f with variables x1, x2, ... over the reals. FunctionConvexity[{f, cons}, {x1, x2, ...}] finds the convexity when variables are restricted by the constraints cons representing a convex region.
- [FunctionDeclaration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionDeclaration.en.md): FunctionDeclaration[name, typedfun] declares name to be a typed function suitable for use in a compiler environment.
- [FunctionDiscontinuities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionDiscontinuities.en.md): FunctionDiscontinuities[f, x] finds the discontinuities of f(x) for x \\[Element] Reals. FunctionDiscontinuities[f, x, dom] finds the discontinuities of f(x) for x \\[Element] dom. FunctionDiscontinuities[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] finds the discontinuities of f1(x1, x2, ...), f2(x1, x2, ...), ... for x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom.
- [FunctionDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionDomain.en.md): FunctionDomain[f, x] finds the largest domain of definition of the real function f of the variable x. FunctionDomain[f, x, dom] considers f to be a function with arguments and values in the domain dom. FunctionDomain[funs, vars, dom] finds the largest domain of definition of the mapping funs of the variables vars. FunctionDomain[{funs, cons}, vars, dom] finds the domain of funs with the values of vars restricted by constraints cons.
- [Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Function.en.md): body & or Function[body] is a pure (or anonymous) function. The formal parameters are # (or #1), #2, etc. x |-> body or x |-> body or Function[x, body] is a pure function with a single formal parameter x. {x1, x2, ...} |-> body or {x1, x2, ...} |-> body or Function[{x1, x2, ...}, body] is a pure function with a list of formal parameters. Function[params, body, attrs] is a pure function that is treated as having attributes attrs for purposes of evaluation.
- [FunctionExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionExpand.en.md): FunctionExpand[expr] tries to expand out special and certain other functions in expr, when possible reducing compound arguments to simpler ones. FunctionExpand[expr, assum] expands using assumptions.
- [FunctionInjective](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionInjective.en.md): FunctionInjective[f, x] tests whether f(x) == y has at most one solution x \\[Element] Reals for each y. FunctionInjective[f, x, dom] tests whether f(x) == y has at most one solution x \\[Element] dom. FunctionInjective[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...) == y1, f2(x1, x2, ...) == y2, ... has at most one solution x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom. FunctionInjective[{funs, xcons, ycons}, xvars, yvars, dom] tests whether funs(xvars) == yvars has at most one solution with ...
- [FunctionInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionInterpolation.en.md): FunctionInterpolation[expr, {x, xmin, xmax}] evaluates expr with x running from xmin to xmax and constructs an InterpolatingFunction object which represents an approximate function corresponding to the result. FunctionInterpolation[expr, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, ...] constructs an InterpolatingFunction object with several arguments. FunctionInterpolation[expr, {x, y} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega]] constructs an InterpolatingFunction object over the region \\[CapitalOmega].
- [FunctionLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionLayer.en.md): FunctionLayer[f] represents a net layer that applies function f to its input.
- [FunctionMeromorphic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionMeromorphic.en.md): FunctionMeromorphic[f, x] tests whether f(x) is a meromorphic function of x. FunctionMeromorphic[f, {x1, x2, ...}] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...) is a meromorphic function of x1, x2, .... FunctionMeromorphic[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...), f2(x1, x2, ...), ... are meromorphic functions for x1, x2, .... FunctionMeromorphic[{funs, cons}, xvars] tests whether funs(xvars) are meromorphic functions for xvars in an open set containing the solutions of the constraints cons.
- [FunctionMonotonicity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionMonotonicity.en.md): FunctionMonotonicity[f, x] finds the monotonicity of the function f with the variable x over the reals. FunctionMonotonicity[f, x, dom] finds the monotonicity of f when x is restricted to the domain dom. FunctionMonotonicity[{f, cons}, x, dom] gives the monotonicity of f when x is restricted by the constraints cons.
- [FunctionPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionPeriod.en.md): FunctionPeriod[f, x] gives a period p of the function f over the reals such that f(x + p) == f (x). FunctionPeriod[f, x, dom] gives a period with x restricted to the domain dom. FunctionPeriod[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, ...] gives periods {p1, p2, ...} for {x1, x2, ...} such that f(x1 + p1, x2 + p2, ...) == f (x1, x2, ...).
- [FunctionPoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionPoles.en.md): FunctionPoles[f, x] finds the poles of the meromorphic function f with the variable x. FunctionPoles[{f, cons}, x] gives the poles of f when x is restricted by the constraints cons.
- [FunctionRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionRange.en.md): FunctionRange[f, x, y] finds the range of the real function f of the variable x returning the result in terms of y. FunctionRange[f, x, y, dom] considers f to be a function with arguments and values in the domain dom. FunctionRange[funs, xvars, yvars, dom] finds the range of the mapping funs of the variables xvars returning the result in terms of yvars. FunctionRange[{funs, cons}, xvars, yvars, dom] finds the range of the mapping funs with the values of xvars restricted by constraints cons.
- [FunctionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionSign.en.md): FunctionSign[f, {x1, x2, ...}] finds the real sign of the function f with variables x1, x2, ... over the reals. FunctionSign[f, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] finds the real sign with variables restricted to the domain dom. FunctionSign[{f, cons}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] gives the sign when variables are restricted by the constraints cons.
- [FunctionSingularities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionSingularities.en.md): FunctionSingularities[f, x] finds the singularities of f(x) for x \\[Element] Reals. FunctionSingularities[f, x, dom] finds the singularities of f(x) for x \\[Element] dom. FunctionSingularities[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] finds the singularities of f1(x1, x2, ...), f2(x1, x2, ...), ... for x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom.
- [FunctionSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionSpace.en.md): FunctionSpace is an option for FindSequenceFunction and related functions that specifies the space of functions to consider for representations.
- [FunctionSurjective](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionSurjective.en.md): FunctionSurjective[f, x] tests whether f(x) == y has at least one solution x \\[Element] Reals for each y \\[Element] Reals. FunctionSurjective[f, x, dom] tests whether f(x) == y has at least one solution x \\[Element] dom for each y \\[Element] dom. FunctionSurjective[{f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, dom] tests whether f1(x1, x2, ...) == y1, f2(x1, x2, ...) == y2, ... has at least one solution x1, x2, ... \\[Element] dom for each y1, y2, ... \\[Element] dom. FunctionSurjective[{funs, xcons, ...
- [FussellVeselyImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FussellVeselyImportance.en.md): FussellVeselyImportance[rdist, t] gives the Fussell-Vesely importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. FussellVeselyImportance[fdist, t] gives the Fussell-Vesely importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [GaborFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaborFilter.en.md): GaborFilter[data, r, k] filters data by convolving with a Gabor kernel of pixel radius r and wave vector k. GaborFilter[data, r, k, \\[Phi]] uses a Gabor kernel with phase shift \\[Phi]. GaborFilter[data, {r, \\[Sigma]}, ...] uses a Gabor kernel with radius r and standard deviation \\[Sigma].
- [GaborMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaborMatrix.en.md): GaborMatrix[r, k] gives a matrix that corresponds to the real part of a Gabor kernel of radius r and wave vector k. GaborMatrix[r, k, \\[Phi]] uses phase shift \\[Phi]. GaborMatrix[{r, \\[Sigma]}, ...] uses the specified standard deviation \\[Sigma]. GaborMatrix[{{r1, r2, ...}}, ...] gives an array corresponding to a Gabor kernel with radius ri in the i^th index direction.
- [GaborWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaborWavelet.en.md): GaborWavelet[] represents a Gabor wavelet of frequency 6. GaborWavelet[w] represents a Gabor wavelet of frequency w.
- [GainMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GainMargins.en.md): GainMargins[lsys] gives the gain margins of the linear time-invariant system lsys.
- [GainPhaseMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GainPhaseMargins.en.md): GainPhaseMargins[lsys] gives the gain and phase margins of the linear time-invariant system lsys.
- [GalaxyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GalaxyData.en.md): GalaxyData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the galaxy entity. GalaxyData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified galaxy entities. GalaxyData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [GalleryView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GalleryView.en.md): GalleryView[{expr1, expr2, ...}] represents an object in which the expri are displayed in a browsable gallery layout. GalleryView[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}] uses each of the associations associ to define the display of an item in the gallery.
- [GameActionLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GameActionLabels.en.md): GameActionLabels is an option that specifies names for the actions taken by players in game theory functions.
- [GamePlayerLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GamePlayerLabels.en.md): GamePlayerLabels is an option for specifying the names of players in game theory functions.
- [GameTheoryData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GameTheoryData.en.md): GameTheoryData[game] gives the mathematical game  game. GameTheoryData[game, n] gives an n-player version of  game if available. GameTheoryData[..., property] gives the value of the property for the specified game. GameTheoryData[class] gives a list of available named games in the specified class.
- [GammaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GammaDistribution.en.md): GammaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a gamma distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. GammaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma], \\[Mu]] represents a generalized gamma distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Gamma], scale parameter \\[Beta], and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [Gamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gamma.en.md): Gamma[z] is the Euler gamma function Gamma[z]. Gamma[a, z] is the incomplete gamma function a. Gamma[a, z0, z1] is the generalized incomplete gamma function a - a.
- [GammaRegularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GammaRegularized.en.md): GammaRegularized[a, z] is the regularized incomplete gamma function a.
- [GapPenalty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GapPenalty.en.md): GapPenalty is an option for SequenceAlignment and related functions that gives the additional cost associated with each gap corresponding to a run of insertions or deletions.
- [GARCHProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GARCHProcess.en.md): GARCHProcess[\\[Kappa], {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]q}, \\ {\\[Beta]1, ..., \\[Beta]p}] represents a generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic process of orders p and q, driven by a standard white noise. GARCHProcess[\\[Kappa], {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]q}, \\ {\\[Beta]1, ..., \\[Beta]p}, init] represents a GARCH process with initial data init.
- [GatedRecurrentLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GatedRecurrentLayer.en.md): GatedRecurrentLayer[n] represents a trainable recurrent layer that takes a sequence of vectors and produces a sequence of vectors each of size n. GatedRecurrentLayer[n, opts] includes options for initial weights and other parameters.
- [GatherBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GatherBy.en.md): GatherBy[list, f] gathers into sublists each set of elements in list that gives the same value when f is applied. GatherBy[list, {f1, f2, ...}] gathers list into nested sublists using fi at level i. GatherBy[f] represents an operator form of GatherBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [Gather](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gather.en.md): Gather[list] gathers the elements of list into sublists of identical elements. Gather[list, test] applies test to pairs of elements to determine if they should be considered identical.
- [GaugeFaceElementFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeFaceElementFunction.en.md): GaugeFaceElementFunction is an option for gauge functions that gives a function to use to generate the primitives for rendering the gauge face.
- [GaugeFaceStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeFaceStyle.en.md): GaugeFaceStyle is an option for gauge functions that specifies the style in which the face is to be drawn.
- [GaugeFrameElementFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeFrameElementFunction.en.md): GaugeFrameElementFunction is an option for gauge functions that gives a function to generate the primitives for rendering the gauge frame.
- [GaugeFrameSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeFrameSize.en.md): GaugeFrameSize is an option for gauge functions that controls the size of the frame around the gauge.
- [GaugeFrameStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeFrameStyle.en.md): GaugeFrameStyle is an option for gauge functions that specifies the style in which the frame is to be drawn.
- [GaugeLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeLabels.en.md): GaugeLabels is an option for gauge functions that specifies labels to be placed on the gauge.
- [GaugeMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeMarkers.en.md): GaugeMarkers is an option for gauge functions that specifies what markers to draw to mark the values.
- [GaugeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaugeStyle.en.md): GaugeStyle is an option for gauge functions that specifies styles in which the markers are to be drawn.
- [GaussianFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianFilter.en.md): GaussianFilter[data, r] filters data by convolving with a Gaussian kernel of radius r. GaussianFilter[data, r, {n1, n2, ...}] convolves data with a kernel formed from the ni^th derivatives of the discrete Gaussian. GaussianFilter[data, {r, \\[Sigma]}, ...] uses a Gaussian kernel with radius r and standard deviation \\[Sigma]. GaussianFilter[data, {{r1, r2, ...}, ...}] uses radius ri at level i in data.
- [GaussianIntegers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianIntegers.en.md): GaussianIntegers is an option for FactorInteger, PrimeQ, Factor, and related functions that specifies whether factorization should be done over Gaussian integers.
- [GaussianMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianMatrix.en.md): GaussianMatrix[r] gives a matrix that corresponds to a Gaussian kernel of radius r. GaussianMatrix[{r, \\[Sigma]}] gives a matrix corresponding to a Gaussian kernel with radius r and standard deviation \\[Sigma]. GaussianMatrix[r, {n1, n2}] gives a matrix formed from the n1^th derivative of the Gaussian with respect to rows and the n2^th derivative with respect to columns. GaussianMatrix[r, {{n11, n12}, {n21, n22}, ...}] gives a matrix formed from the sums of the n i1 and n i2 derivatives. ...
- [GaussianOrthogonalMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianOrthogonalMatrixDistribution.en.md): GaussianOrthogonalMatrixDistribution[\\[Sigma], n] represents a Gaussian orthogonal matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {n, n} and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. GaussianOrthogonalMatrixDistribution[n] represents a Gaussian orthogonal matrix distribution with unit scale parameter.
- [GaussianSymplecticMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianSymplecticMatrixDistribution.en.md): GaussianSymplecticMatrixDistribution[\\[Sigma], n] represents a Gaussian symplectic matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {2 n, 2 n} over the field of complex numbers and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. GaussianSymplecticMatrixDistribution[n] represents a Gaussian symplectic matrix distribution with unit scale parameter.
- [GaussianUnitaryMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianUnitaryMatrixDistribution.en.md): GaussianUnitaryMatrixDistribution[\\[Sigma], n] represents a Gaussian unitary matrix distribution with matrix dimensions {n, n} and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. GaussianUnitaryMatrixDistribution[n] represents a Gaussian unitary matrix distribution with unit scale parameter.
- [GaussianWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianWindow.en.md): GaussianWindow[x] represents a Gaussian window function of x. GaussianWindow[x, \\[Sigma]] uses standard deviation \\[Sigma].
- [GCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GCD.en.md): GCD[n1, n2, ...] gives the greatest common divisor of the ni.
- [GegenbauerC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GegenbauerC.en.md): GegenbauerC[n, m, x] gives the Gegenbauer polynomial GegenbauerC[n,m,x]. GegenbauerC[n, x] gives the renormalized form ....
- [General](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/General.en.md): General is a symbol to which general system messages are attached.
- [GeneralizedLinearModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneralizedLinearModelFit.en.md): GeneralizedLinearModelFit[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, x] constructs a generalized linear model of the form g -1 (\\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + ...) that fits the yi for each xi. GeneralizedLinearModelFit[data, {f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] constructs a generalized linear model of the form g -1 (\\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + ...) where the fi depend on the variables xk. GeneralizedLinearModelFit[{m, v}] constructs a generalized linear model from the design ...
- [GeneralizedPolyLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneralizedPolyLog.en.md): GeneralizedPolyLog[{a1, a2, ..., ak}, x] gives the Goncharov polylogarithm defined as the iterated integral \\[Integral]_0^x\\ FractionBox[1, t1\\ - \\ a1] \\[Integral]_0^t1\\ FractionBox[1, t2\\ - \\ a2] .... GeneralizedPolyLog[{a1, a2, ..., ak}, x, p] gives the Goncharov polylogarithm with base point p. GeneralizedPolyLog[{a1, a2, ..., ak}, x, {p 1, p 2, ..., p k}] gives the Goncharov polylogarithm with a sequence of base points (p1, p2, ...).
- [GeneralizedPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneralizedPower.en.md): GeneralizedPower[f, x, k] represents Fold[f, Table[x, k]].
- [GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair.en.md): GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair[] randomly generates a PrivateKey and corresponding PublicKey object for use with public-key cryptographic functions. GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair[type] randomly generates private and public keys of the specified type. GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair[opts] randomly generates keys using the specified options.
- [GenerateConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateConditions.en.md): GenerateConditions is an option for Integrate, Sum, and similar functions that specifies whether explicit conditions on parameters should be generated in the result.
- [GeneratedAssetFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratedAssetFormat.en.md): GeneratedAssetFormat is an option for functions like VideoGenerator that specifies the format of the resulting asset.
- [GeneratedAssetLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratedAssetLocation.en.md): GeneratedAssetLocation is an option for functions like VideoGenerator that specifies the location of the resulting asset.
- [GeneratedCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratedCell.en.md): GeneratedCell is an option for Cell that indicates whether the cell was generated from the kernel.
- [GeneratedDocumentBinding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratedDocumentBinding.en.md): As of Version 11.2, GeneratedDocumentBinding is phased out, and can be replaced by redeploying the DocumentGenerator with a new driver setting.
- [GenerateDerivedKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateDerivedKey.en.md): GenerateDerivedKey[password] generates a DerivedKey object from the password given. GenerateDerivedKey[password, salt] generates a DerivedKey object from the password and salt given.       | KeySize | 64     | desired key length in bytes     |
- [GenerateDigitalSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateDigitalSignature.en.md): GenerateDigitalSignature[expr, key] generates a digital signature for expr using the specified private key. GenerateDigitalSignature[key] represents an operator form of GenerateDigitalSignature that can be applied to expressions.
- [GenerateDocument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateDocument.en.md): GenerateDocument[nb] generates a document by evaluating all template elements in the notebook nb. GenerateDocument[nb, args] generates a document using args to fill template slots. GenerateDocument[nb, output] writes the generated document in the output file represented by output. GenerateDocument[nb, args, output] uses args to fill template slots and puts the result in output.
- [GeneratedParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratedParameters.en.md): GeneratedParameters is an option that specifies how parameters generated to represent the results of various symbolic operations should be named.
- [GeneratedQuantityMagnitudes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratedQuantityMagnitudes.en.md): GeneratedQuantityMagnitudes is an option that specifies how quantities generated to represent the quantity multiplier results in NondimensionalizationTransform should be named.
- [GenerateFileSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateFileSignature.en.md): GenerateFileSignature[file, key] generates a digital signature of file using the specified private key. GenerateFileSignature[{ file, range}, key] generates a digital signature of the specified range of bytes in the file. GenerateFileSignature[{{SubscriptBox[file, 1], range1}, {SubscriptBox[file, 2], range2}, ...}, key] generates digital signatures for each specified filei and rangei. GenerateFileSignature[key] represents an operator form of GenerateFileSignature that can be applied to files.
- [GenerateHTTPResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateHTTPResponse.en.md): GenerateHTTPResponse[expr] gives the HTTPResponse object that is generated when a cloud object containing expr is requested on the web. GenerateHTTPResponse[expr, req] gives the response for the HTTP request specified by req.
- [GenerateLLMToolResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateLLMToolResponse.en.md): GenerateLLMToolResponse[tool, req] gives the LLMToolResponse generated by executing tool on the LLMToolRequest req. GenerateLLMToolResponse[{tool1, tool2, ...}, req] picks a tool based on req. GenerateLLMToolResponse[config, req] uses the tools from an LLMConfiguration.
- [GenerateSecuredAuthenticationKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateSecuredAuthenticationKey.en.md): GenerateSecuredAuthenticationKey[] generates a new anonymous SecuredAuthenticationKey owned by the current user ID. GenerateSecuredAuthenticationKey[name] generates a new SecuredAuthenticationKey with the specified name owned by the current user ID. GenerateSecuredAuthenticationKey[SecuredAuthenticationKey[...]] generates a new set of credentials for an existing SecuredAuthenticationKey.
- [GenerateSymmetricKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenerateSymmetricKey.en.md): GenerateSymmetricKey[] randomly generates a SymmetricKey object suitable for use with cryptographic functions. GenerateSymmetricKey[password] derives a SymmetricKey object from the password string given. GenerateSymmetricKey[bytes] generates a SymmetricKey object using the byte array or list of bytes directly as the key. GenerateSymmetricKey[DerivedKey[...]] generates a symmetric key object with a key given by the DerivedKey object. GenerateSymmetricKey[opts] randomly generates a symmetric key ...
- [GeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratingFunction.en.md): GeneratingFunction[expr, n, x] gives the generating function in x for the sequence whose n^th series coefficient is given by the expression expr. GeneratingFunction[expr, {n1, ..., nm}, {x1, ..., xm}] gives the multidimensional generating function in x1, ..., x m whose n1, ... , nm coefficient is given by expr.
- [GeneratorDescription](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratorDescription.en.md): GeneratorDescription is an option for providing a textual description for a DocumentGenerator.
- [GeneratorHistoryLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratorHistoryLength.en.md): GeneratorHistoryLength is an option for document generators controlling the number of runs archived in the cloud.
- [GeneratorOutputType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratorOutputType.en.md): GeneratorOutputType is an option controlling the file format of documents produced by a DocumentGenerator.
- [GenericCylindricalDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenericCylindricalDecomposition.en.md): GenericCylindricalDecomposition[ineqs, {x1, x2, ...}] finds the full-dimensional part of the decomposition of the region represented by the inequalities ineqs into cylindrical parts whose directions correspond to the successive xi, together with any hypersurfaces containing the rest of the region.
- [GenomeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenomeData.en.md): GenomeData[gene] gives the DNA sequence for the specified gene on the reference human genome. GenomeData[gene,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the human gene gene. GenomeData[{ chr, {n1, n2}}] gives the sequence from positions n1 to n2 on chromosome chr in the reference human genome.
- [GenomeLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenomeLookup.en.md): GenomeLookup[seq] returns the positions of exact matches for the DNA sequence seq on the reference human genome. GenomeLookup[seq, n] returns at most n matches.
- [GeoAntipode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoAntipode.en.md): GeoAntipode[loc] gives the antipodal position of location loc. GeoAntipode[g] gives the antipodal primitive of the geo primitive g.
- [GeoArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoArea.en.md): GeoArea[g] gives the area of the geo region g.
- [GeoArraySize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoArraySize.en.md): GeoArraySize is an option for geographic data functions that determines the dimensions of the array generated.
- [GeoAxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoAxes.en.md): GeoAxes is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies how to draw latitude and longitude axes.
- [GeoAxesOrigin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoAxesOrigin.en.md): GeoAxesOrigin is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies the location where the latitude and longitude axes cross.
- [GeoBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBackground.en.md): GeoBackground is an option that specifies the background style of a GeoGraphics object.
- [GeoBoundary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBoundary.en.md): GeoBoundary[g] returns the boundary line of the geo region g.
- [GeoBoundingBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBoundingBox.en.md): GeoBoundingBox[g] gives the geo positions that define the bounding rectangle enclosing the geo region g. GeoBoundingBox[g, \\[Delta]] pads the region on all sides by an amount \\[Delta]. GeoBoundingBox[g, Scaled[s]] pads by a fractional amount s.
- [GeoBounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBounds.en.md): GeoBounds[g] gives the ranges of latitudes and longitudes in the geo region g. GeoBounds[g, \\[Delta]] pads ranges of latitudes and longitudes by \\[PlusMinus]\\[Delta]. GeoBounds[g, Scaled[s]] pads range of latitudes and longitudes by a scaled amount s.
- [GeoBoundsRegionBoundary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBoundsRegionBoundary.en.md): GeoBoundsRegionBoundary[{{latmin, latmax}, {lonmin, lonmax}}] is a one-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the boundary of the region between parallels latmin, latmax and meridians lonmin, lonmax on the surface of the Earth. GeoBoundsRegionBoundary[g] represents the boundary of the latitude-longitude bounding box of the geo region g. GeoBoundsRegionBoundary[g, \\[Delta]] pads the ranges of latitudes and longitudes by \\[PlusMinus]\\[Delta].
- [GeoBoundsRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBoundsRegion.en.md): GeoBoundsRegion[{{latmin, latmax}, {lonmin, lonmax}}] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents a geo region bounded by parallels latmin, latmax and meridians lonmin, lonmax on the surface of the Earth. GeoBoundsRegion[g] represents the latitude-longitude bounding box of the geo region g. GeoBoundsRegion[g, \\[Delta]] pads the ranges of latitudes and longitudes by \\[PlusMinus]\\[Delta].
- [GeoBubbleChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoBubbleChart.en.md): GeoBubbleChart[{reg1 -> val1, reg2 -> val2, ...}] makes a geo bubble chart with bubbles centered at the geographic regions regi with sizes vali. GeoBubbleChart[regions -> values] uses a collection of regions regi from regions with corresponding sizes vali from values. GeoBubbleChart[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. GeoBubbleChart[{..., w[datai], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [GeoCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoCenter.en.md): GeoCenter is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies the coordinates of the point that should appear at the geographic center of the final map.
- [GeoCircle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoCircle.en.md): GeoCircle[loc, r] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents a circle of radius r centered at the location loc on the surface of the Earth. GeoCircle[loc, r, {\\[Alpha]1, \\[Alpha]2}] represents a sector of a circle from bearing \\[Alpha]1 to bearing \\[Alpha]2.
- [GeoContourPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoContourPlot.en.md): GeoContourPlot[{loc1 -> val1, loc2 -> val2, ...}] makes a geo contour plot from values vali defined at specified locations loci. GeoContourPlot[locs -> vals] uses a collection of locations locs with corresponding values vals.
- [GeoDensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDensityPlot.en.md): GeoDensityPlot[{loc1 -> val1, loc2 -> val2, ...}] makes a geo density plot with colors at the location loci determined by the value vali. GeoDensityPlot[locs -> vals] uses a collection of locations locs with corresponding values vals.
- [GeodesicClosing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicClosing.en.md): GeodesicClosing[image, ker] gives the geodesic closing of image with respect to the structuring element ker. GeodesicClosing[image, r] gives the geodesic closing with respect to a range r square. GeodesicClosing[data, ...] applies geodesic closing to an array of data.
- [GeodesicDilation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicDilation.en.md): GeodesicDilation[marker, mask] gives the fixed point of the geodesic dilation of the marker constrained by the mask.
- [GeodesicErosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicErosion.en.md): GeodesicErosion[marker, mask] gives the fixed point of the geodesic erosion of the marker constrained by the mask.
- [GeodesicOpening](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicOpening.en.md): GeodesicOpening[image, ker] gives the geodesic opening of image with respect to the structuring element ker. GeodesicOpening[image, r] gives the geodesic opening with respect to a range r square. GeodesicOpening[data, ...] applies geodesic opening to an array of data.
- [GeodesicPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicPolyhedron.en.md): GeodesicPolyhedron[n] gives the order-n geodesic polyhedron. GeodesicPolyhedron[poly, n] gives the order-n geodesic polyhedron based on the polyhedron  poly.
- [GeoDestination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDestination.en.md): GeoDestination[loc, {d, \\[Alpha]}] gives the end position of the geodesic of length d starting from loc with azimuthal direction \\[Alpha].
- [GeodesyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesyData.en.md): GeodesyData[name,  property] gives the value of the specified property for a named geodetic datum or reference ellipsoid. GeodesyData[{a, b},  property] gives the value of the property for the ellipsoid with semimajor axis a and semiminor axis b. GeodesyData[obj, {property, coords}] gives the value of the property at the specified coordinates.
- [GeoDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDirection.en.md): GeoDirection[{lat1, lon1}, {lat2, lon2}] gives the azimuthal direction from one latitude-longitude position on the Earth to another. GeoDirection[loc1, loc2] gives the azimuthal direction between locations specified by position objects or geographic entities.
- [GeoDisk](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDisk.en.md): GeoDisk[loc, r] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents a filled disk of radius r centered at the location loc on the surface of the Earth. GeoDisk[loc, r, {\\[Alpha]1, \\[Alpha]2}] gives a sector of a disk from bearing \\[Alpha]1 to bearing \\[Alpha]2.
- [GeoDisplacement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDisplacement.en.md): GeoDisplacement[{dist, \\[Alpha]}] represents a geodesic displacement of length dist and initial bearing \\[Alpha] from a geo location. GeoDisplacement[{dist, \\[Alpha]}, pathtype] represents a displacement of length dist and initial bearing \\[Alpha] along a path of type pathtype. GeoDisplacement[loc1, loc2, pathtype] returns the displacement needed to reach loc2 from loc1 along a path of type pathtype.
- [GeoDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDistance.en.md): GeoDistance[{lat1, lon1}, {lat2, lon2}] gives the geodesic distance between latitude-longitude positions on the Earth. GeoDistance[loc1, loc2] gives the distance between locations specified by position objects or geographical entities. GeoDistance[{loc1, ..., locn}] gives the total distance from loc1 to locn through all the intermediate loci.
- [GeoDistanceList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDistanceList.en.md): GeoDistanceList[{loc1, loc2, ..., locn}] returns the list of geodesic distances between consecutive pairs of locations.
- [GeoElevationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoElevationData.en.md): GeoElevationData[] gives the elevation above sea level at $GeoLocation. GeoElevationData[loc] gives the elevation at the geographic location loc. GeoElevationData[{loc1, loc2}] gives an array of elevation values within the bounding box given by {loc1, loc2}. GeoElevationData[GeoPosition[{{lat1, lon1}, {lat2, lon2}, ...}]] gives the list of elevations at the positions {lati, loni}. GeoElevationData[loc, etype] gives the elevation of type etype for the location loc. GeoElevationData[loc, etype, ...
- [GeoEntities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoEntities.en.md): GeoEntities[reg, enttype] gives a list of the geographic entities of type enttype contained in the extended region reg. GeoEntities[reg] gives a list of the geographic regions of any type contained in reg.
- [GeoGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphics.en.md): GeoGraphics[primitives, options] represents a two-dimensional geographical image.
- [GeoGraphPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphPlot.en.md): GeoGraphPlot[{e1, e2, ...}] generates a plot of the geographic graph with edges ei. GeoGraphPlot[{v1, v2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...}] generates a plot with vertices vi and edges ej. GeoGraphPlot[{v i -> v j , ...}] uses rules vi -> vj to specify the graph. GeoGraphPlot[g] displays the graph g with vertices at geographic locations on a map. GeoGraphPlot[{..., w[ei], ...}] plots ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [GeoGraphValuePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGraphValuePlot.en.md): GeoGraphValuePlot[{{src1, dest1, flow1}, {src2, dest2, flow2}, ..., {srcn, destn, flown}}] plots the flows between geo locations. GeoGraphValuePlot[{{e1, val1}, {e2, val2}, ...}] plots the values vali for the edges ei. GeoGraphValuePlot[g] plots the flow for a graph g with associated edge weights.
- [GeogravityModelData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeogravityModelData.en.md): GeogravityModelData[] returns the gravitational field data for the current location. GeogravityModelData[locationspec] returns the gravitational field data for a location. GeogravityModelData[locationspec, component] returns the component of the gravitational field.
- [GeoGridDirectionDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridDirectionDifference.en.md): GeoGridDirectionDifference[proj, loc, \\[Beta]] gives the difference between the angle from north to direction \\[Beta] on the geo grid obtained with projection proj and the actual angle from north to direction \\[Beta] at location loc. GeoGridDirectionDifference[proj, loc, \\[Alpha] -> \\[Beta]] gives the difference between projected and unprojected angles from direction \\[Alpha] to direction \\[Beta].
- [GeoGridLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridLines.en.md): GeoGridLines is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies what parallels and meridians to show.
- [GeoGridLinesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridLinesStyle.en.md): GeoGridLinesStyle is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies how parallels and meridians should be rendered.
- [GeoGridPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridPosition.en.md): GeoGridPosition[{x, y}, proj] represents a point {x, y} in a planimetric cartographic grid using the projection proj. GeoGridPosition[{x, y, h}, proj] represents a point {x, y, h} in a cartographic grid with height h with respect to the reference ellipsoid. GeoGridPosition[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, proj] represents an array of cartographic grid positions. GeoGridPosition[{x, y, h}, proj, datum] represents a point in a cartographic grid obtained by projection from data in the given datum. ...
- [GeoGridRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridRange.en.md): GeoGridRange is an option for geographic functions that specifies the range of projected coordinates to include.
- [GeoGridRangePadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridRangePadding.en.md): GeoGridRangePadding is an option for geographic functions that specifies how much to extend the projected coordinate ranges determined by GeoGridRange.
- [GeoGridUnitArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridUnitArea.en.md): GeoGridUnitArea[proj, loc] gives the actual geo area corresponding to a unit area on the geo grid obtained with projection proj, evaluated in the limit of small geo regions around location loc.
- [GeoGridUnitDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridUnitDistance.en.md): GeoGridUnitDistance[proj, loc, \\[Alpha]] gives the actual geo distance corresponding to a unit distance on the geo grid obtained with projection proj, evaluated in the limit of small displacement from location loc in direction \\[Alpha].
- [GeoGridVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridVector.en.md): GeoGridVector[loc -> {vx, vy}, proj] represents a horizontal two-dimensional vector of components vx, vy in the orthonormal frame of the coordinates of the geo projection proj, at geo location loc. GeoGridVector[loc -> {vx, vy, vz}, proj] represents a three-dimensional vector of horizontal components vx, vy and vertical component vz at geo location loc. GeoGridVector[{loc1, loc2, ...} -> {vec1, vec2, ...}, proj] represents a collection of vectors veci at respective geo locations loci. ...
- [GeoGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGroup.en.md): GeoGroup[geoobjects] represents a list of geographic objects to be treated as a single object for certain operations.
- [GeoHemisphereBoundary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoHemisphereBoundary.en.md): GeoHemisphereBoundary[] is a one-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the boundary line of a hemisphere of the Earth centered at the current geo location. GeoHemisphereBoundary[loc] represents the boundary line of a hemisphere centered at the location loc.
- [GeoHemisphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoHemisphere.en.md): GeoHemisphere[] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the half of the Earth centered at your current geo location. GeoHemisphere[loc] represents the half of the Earth centered at the location loc.
- [GeoHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoHistogram.en.md): GeoHistogram[locs] plots a density histogram of the geographic locations locs. GeoHistogram[locs, bspec] plots a density histogram with bins specified by bspec. GeoHistogram[locs, bspec, hspec] plots a density histogram with bin densities computed according to the specification hspec.
- [GeoIdentify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoIdentify.en.md): GeoIdentify[enttype] identifies the geographic entities of the type enttype in which the current geo location is contained. GeoIdentify[enttype, loc] identifies the entities in which the location loc is contained. GeoIdentify[] identifies the entities of any type in which the current geo location is contained.
- [GeoImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoImage.en.md): GeoImage[reg] gives a satellite image of the geo region reg. GeoImage[reg, mapstyle] gives an image of the geo region reg with style mapstyle.
- [GeoLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoLabels.en.md): GeoLabels is an option for GeoListPlot and GeoRegionValuePlot that specifies whether and how to add labels to the locations in the first argument.
- [GeoLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoLength.en.md): GeoLength[g] gives the length of the geo path g.
- [GeoListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoListPlot.en.md): GeoListPlot[{loc1, loc2, ...}] generates a map on which the locations loci are indicated. GeoListPlot[{list1, list2, ...}] generates a map showing several lists of locations.
- [GeoLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoLocation.en.md): GeoLocation is an option for Interpreter and related functions that specifies the location to assume for semantic interpretation.
- [GeologicalPeriodData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeologicalPeriodData.en.md): GeologicalPeriodData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the geological period entity. GeologicalPeriodData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified period name entities. GeologicalPeriodData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [GeomagneticModelData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeomagneticModelData.en.md): GeomagneticModelData[] returns the current magnetic field data for the current location. GeomagneticModelData[locationspec] returns the current magnetic field data for a location. GeomagneticModelData[datespec] returns the magnetic field data for the specified time for the current location. GeomagneticModelData[locationspec, datespec] returns the magnetic field data for the specified time and location. GeomagneticModelData[locationspec, datespec, component] returns the component of the ...
- [GeoMarker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoMarker.en.md): GeoMarker[] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents a marker at the current $GeoLocation. GeoMarker[loc] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents a marker at the location loc. GeoMarker[{loc1, loc2, ...}] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents markers at locations loci. GeoMarker[loc, marker] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents a custom marker at the location loc. GeoMarker[{loc1, loc2, ...}, marker] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents custom markers at locations loci.
- [GeometricAssertion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricAssertion.en.md): GeometricAssertion[obj, prop] represents the assertion that the geometric object obj satisfies prop. GeometricAssertion[{obj1, obj2, ...}, prop] represents the assertion that the obji satisfy prop. GeometricAssertion[objs, prop1, prop2, ...] represents the assertion that objs satisfies each of the propi.
- [GeometricBrownianMotionProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricBrownianMotionProcess.en.md): GeometricBrownianMotionProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], x0] represents a geometric Brownian motion process with drift \\[Mu], volatility \\[Sigma], and initial value x0.
- [GeometricDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricDistribution.en.md): GeometricDistribution[p] represents a geometric distribution with probability parameter p.
- [GeometricMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricMean.en.md): GeometricMean[data] gives the geometric mean of the values in data.
- [GeometricMeanFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricMeanFilter.en.md): GeometricMeanFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the geometric mean value in its range-r neighborhood. GeometricMeanFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [GeometricOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricOptimization.en.md): GeometricOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds positive values of variables vars that minimize the posynomial objective subject to posynomial constraints cons. GeometricOptimization[{a0, b0}, {{a1, b1}, ...}, {aeq, beq}] finds the positive vector x = E^y that minimizes \\[Sum]j = 1 k0 E a 0 j . y + b 0 j subject to inequality constraints \\[Sum]j = 1 ki E a i j . y + b i j <= 1, i = 1, ..., s and linear equality constraints a e q . y + b e q = 0. GeometricOptimization[..., prop] specifies what ...
- [GeometricScene](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricScene.en.md): GeometricScene[{p1, p2, ...}, {hyp1, hyp2, ...}] represents an abstract 2D geometric scene defined by the hypotheses hypi in terms of the symbolic points pi. GeometricScene[{{p1, p2, ...}, {k1, k2, ...}}, hyps] represents a scene whose hypotheses depend on the symbolic scalar quantities ki. GeometricScene[{{p1 -> {x1, y1}, ...}, {k1 -> v1, ...}}, hyps] represents a specific instance with explicit values for all points and scalar quantities. GeometricScene[params, hyps, {con1, con2, ...}] ...
- [GeometricSolveValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricSolveValues.en.md): GeometricSolveValues[scene, expr] solves for the symbolic geometric quantity expr defined by the GeometricScene object scene. GeometricSolveValues[scene, {expr1, expr2, ...}] returns a list containing the solutions of scene for expr1, expr2, ....
- [GeometricStep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricStep.en.md): GeometricStep[{hyp1, hyp2, ...}] gives a symbolic representation of a step in the definition of a geometric scene, in which the hypotheses hypi are introduced. GeometricStep[hyps, label] labels the step with label when displaying an instance of the geometric scene.
- [GeometricStylingRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricStylingRules.en.md): GeometricStylingRules is an option to GeometricScene that specifies how to style structures in GeometricScene.
- [GeometricTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricTest.en.md): GeometricTest[obj, prop] tests whether the geometric object obj satisfies prop. GeometricTest[{obj1, obj2, ...}, prop] tests whether the obji satisfy prop. GeometricTest[objs, prop1, prop2, ...] tests whether objs satisfy each of the propi.
- [GeometricTransformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeometricTransformation.en.md): GeometricTransformation[g, tfun] represents the result of applying the transformation function tfun to the geometric objects corresponding to the primitives g. GeometricTransformation[g, m] transforms geometric objects in g by effectively replacing every point r by m . r. GeometricTransformation[g, {m, v}] effectively replaces every point r by m . r + v. GeometricTransformation[g, {t1, t2, ...}] represents multiple copies of g transformed by a collection of transformations.
- [GeoModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoModel.en.md): GeoModel is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies the reference body or model for it for the purposes of geodetic computations and map drawing.
- [GeoNearest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoNearest.en.md): GeoNearest[enttype, loc] returns the geographic entity of type enttype closest to the geo location loc. GeoNearest[{reg1, reg2, ..., regn}, loc] returns the nearest of the regi. GeoNearest[{reg1 -> val1, reg2 -> val2, ..., regn -> valn}, loc] returns the vali corresponding to the nearest regi. GeoNearest[{reg1, reg2, ..., regn} -> {val1, val2, ..., valn}, loc] returns the same result. GeoNearest[{reg1, reg2, ..., regn} -> Automatic, loc] takes the vali to be successive integers ...
- [GeoOrientationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoOrientationData.en.md): GeoOrientationData[date, prop] gives the value of the property prop about the orientation of the Earth on the given date. GeoOrientationData[date, prop,  variant] gives the specified variant of the property prop on the given date.
- [GeoPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPath.en.md): GeoPath[{loc1, loc2}, pathtype] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents a path of type pathtype between locations loc1 and loc2. GeoPath[{loc1, loc2, ...}, pathtype] represents a path formed by joining paths of type pathtype between consecutive locations loci. GeoPath[{loc1, d, \\[Alpha]}, pathtype] represents a path moving from location loc1 a distance d with initial bearing \\[Alpha]. GeoPath[{{loc11, loc12, ...}, {loc21, ...}, ...}, pathtype] represents a disjoint collection of paths of ...
- [GeoPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPolygon.en.md): GeoPolygon[{loc1, ..., locn}] is a GeoGraphics primitive that represents a filled polygon whose boundary is formed by geodesic segments between locations loci and loc i + 1. GeoPolygon[{loc1, ..., locn} -> {{q1, ..., qm}, ...}] represents a geo polygon with holes {q1, ..., qm}, .... GeoPolygon[{poly1, poly2, ...}] represents a collection of polygons polyi. GeoPolygon[{poly 1, poly 2, ...}, sideness] specifies which of the two sides of each boundary polyi is in the interior of the geo ...
- [GeoPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPosition.en.md): GeoPosition[{lat, lon}] represents a geodetic position with latitude lat and longitude lon. GeoPosition[{lat, lon, h}] represents a geodetic position with height h relative to the reference ellipsoid. GeoPosition[{lat, lon, h}, datum] represents a geodetic position referring to the specified datum. GeoPosition[{{lat1, lon1}, {lat2, lon2}, ...}, datum] represents an array of geodetic positions. GeoPosition[entity] returns the geodetic position of the specified geographical entity.
- [GeoPositionENU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPositionENU.en.md): GeoPositionENU[{east, north, up}, p] represents a position with local Cartesian coordinates {east, north, up} in a reference system centered at the position p. GeoPositionENU[{{e1, n1, u1}, {e2, n2, u2}, ...}, p] represents an array of positions. GeoPositionENU[entity, p] returns the Cartesian position with respect to p of the specified geographical entity.
- [GeoPositionXYZ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPositionXYZ.en.md): GeoPositionXYZ[{x, y, z}] represents a position in a Cartesian geocentric coordinate system. GeoPositionXYZ[{x, y, z}, datum] represents a point referred to the specified datum. GeoPositionXYZ[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}, datum] represents an array of points in a Cartesian geocentric coordinate system. GeoPositionXYZ[entity] returns the Cartesian geocentric position of the given geographical entity.
- [GeoProjectionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoProjectionData.en.md): GeoProjectionData[projection,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the specified cartographic projection. GeoProjectionData[projection] gives the complete options for the default form of the specified projection.
- [GeoProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoProjection.en.md): GeoProjection is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies the cartographic projection to use for the map.
- [GeoRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoRange.en.md): GeoRange is an option for geographic functions that specifies the range of latitude and longitude to include.
- [GeoRangePadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoRangePadding.en.md): GeoRangePadding is an option for GeoGraphics that specifies what padding to use when extending beyond the original ranges of latitude and longitude.
- [GeoRegionValuePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoRegionValuePlot.en.md): GeoRegionValuePlot[{reg1 -> val1, reg2 -> val2, ...}] generates a plot in which the geographic regions regi are colored according to the values vali. GeoRegionValuePlot[regions -> values] uses a collection of regions regi from regions with corresponding values vali from values. GeoRegionValuePlot[region -> prop] generates a plot in which the geographic subdivisions in region are colored according to the values EntityValue[..., prop]. GeoRegionValuePlot[data] generates a plot using ...
- [GeoReposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoReposition.en.md): GeoReposition[gdata, pos1 -> pos2] moves the geo data gdata along the great circle from pos1 to pos2, preserving North. GeoReposition[gdata, {pos1 -> pos2, \\[Alpha]}] performs an additional rotation of angle \\[Alpha] around pos2. GeoReposition[gdata, mat] performs the rotation specified by the 3D rotation matrix mat. GeoReposition[rot] represents an operator form of GeoReposition that can be applied to an expression.
- [GeoResolution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoResolution.en.md): GeoResolution is an option for geographic functions that specifies an average distance between neighboring pixels in the resulting map.
- [GeoScaleBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoScaleBar.en.md): GeoScaleBar is an option for GeoGraphics that determines what scale to show on the map.
- [GeoServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoServer.en.md): GeoServer is an option for GeoGraphics, GeoStyling and GeoImage that specifies the URL address of a geo server and connection parameters to download map tiles and geo elevation data.
- [GeoSmoothHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoSmoothHistogram.en.md): GeoSmoothHistogram[locs] plots a smooth kernel histogram of the geo locations locs. GeoSmoothHistogram[locs, espec] plots a smooth kernel histogram with estimator specification espec. GeoSmoothHistogram[locs, espec, dfun] plots the distribution function dfun.
- [GeoStreamPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoStreamPlot.en.md): GeoStreamPlot[vecs] generates a stream plot from the field of geo vectors vecs. GeoStreamPlot[{vecs1, vecs2, ...}] generates a separate set of streams for each vecsi.
- [GeoStyling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoStyling.en.md): GeoStyling[mapstyle] displays faces of polygons and other filled geo objects using mapstyle. GeoStyling[mapstyle, directive] uses mapstyle with the given graphics directive applied.
- [GeoStylingImageFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoStylingImageFunction.en.md): GeoStylingImageFunction is an option for specifying an image effect to apply to a geo style.
- [GeoVariant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVariant.en.md): GeoVariant[obj, qual] represents a geographic object obj with qualifier qual.
- [GeoVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVector.en.md): GeoVector[loc -> {m, \\[Alpha]}] represents a horizontal two-dimensional vector of magnitude m and bearing \\[Alpha] at geo location loc. GeoVector[loc -> {m, \\[Alpha], w}] represents a three-dimensional vector of horizontal modulus m, bearing \\[Alpha] and vertical component w at geo location loc. GeoVector[{loc1, loc2, ...} -> {vec1, vec2, ...}] represents a collection of vectors veci at respective geo locations loci. GeoVector[{loc1 -> vec1, loc2 -> vec2, ...}] represents ...
- [GeoVectorENU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVectorENU.en.md): GeoVectorENU[loc -> {ve, vn}] represents a horizontal two-dimensional vector of components ve and vn in an orthonormal frame tangent to the Earth at geo location loc. GeoVectorENU[loc -> {ve, vn, vu}] represents a three-dimensional vector of horizontal components ve and vn, and vertical component vu at geo location loc. GeoVectorENU[{loc1, loc2, ...} -> {vec1, vec2, ...}] represents a collection of vectors veci at respective geo locations loci. GeoVectorENU[{loc1 -> vec1, loc2 ...
- [GeoVectorPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVectorPlot.en.md): GeoVectorPlot[vecs] generates a vector plot from the field of geo vectors vecs. GeoVectorPlot[{vecs1, vecs2, ...}] generates a separate set of vectors for each vecsi.
- [GeoVectorXYZ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVectorXYZ.en.md): GeoVectorXYZ[loc -> {vX, vY, vZ}] represents a three-dimensional vector of Cartesian components vX, vY, vZ in an orthonormal frame parallel to the geocentric frame, at location loc. GeoVectorXYZ[{loc1, loc2, ...} -> {vec1, vec2, ...}] represents a collection of vectors veci at respective geo locations loci. GeoVectorXYZ[{loc1 -> vec1, loc2 -> vec2, ...}] represents the same collection of vectors. GeoVectorXYZ[vec] represents a geo vector whose associated location has been ...
- [GeoVisibleRegionBoundary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVisibleRegionBoundary.en.md): GeoVisibleRegionBoundary[{lat, lon, h}] is a one-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the boundary of the region on the surface of the Earth visible from the point of coordinates lat, lon and height h above the reference ellipsoid. GeoVisibleRegionBoundary[pos] represents the boundary of the region visible from the position pos. GeoVisibleRegionBoundary[{pos1, pos2, ...}] represents the collection of boundaries of the regions visible from the positions posi.
- [GeoVisibleRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoVisibleRegion.en.md): GeoVisibleRegion[{lat, lon, h}] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the region on the surface of the Earth visible from the point of coordinates lat, lon and height h above the reference ellipsoid. GeoVisibleRegion[pos] represents the region visible from the position pos. GeoVisibleRegion[{pos1, pos2, ...}] represents the collection of regions visible from the positions posi.
- [GeoWithinQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoWithinQ.en.md): GeoWithinQ[reg, loc] returns True if the location loc is contained within the region reg, and False otherwise. GeoWithinQ[reg] represents an operator form of GeoWithinQ that can be applied to a location.
- [GeoZoomLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoZoomLevel.en.md): GeoZoomLevel is an option for specifying the resolution at which to render a map.
- [GestureHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GestureHandler.en.md): GestureHandler[expr, {SubscriptBox[gesture, 1] :> fun1, SubscriptBox[gesture, 2] :> fun2, ...}] displays as expr, evaluating funi[value, velocity] whenever SubscriptBox[gesture, i] occurs within the screen space occupied by expr. GestureHandler[expr, {gesture :> {fun, funend}, ...}] evaluates fun as updates are received for gesture, followed by funend[value, velocity] when the gesture ends. GestureHandler[expr, {gesture :> {funstart, fun, funend}, ...}] also evaluates ...
- [Get](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Get.en.md): << name reads in a file, evaluating each expression in it and returning the last one. Get[stream] reads from a stream, evaluating each expression in it and returning the last one. Get[file,  key] reads a file that has been encoded using Encode[source,  file,  key].
- [GetEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GetEnvironment.en.md): GetEnvironment[var] gives the setting corresponding to the variable  var in the operating system environment. GetEnvironment[{SubscriptBox[var, 1], SubscriptBox[var, 2], ...}] gives a list of rules, corresponding to specified environment variables. GetEnvironment[] gives information about all existing settings in the operating system environment.
- [GibbsPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GibbsPointProcess.en.md): GibbsPointProcess[{PairPotential, \\[Mu], \\[Phi]}, d] represents a Gibbs point process with density \\[Mu] and pair-potential function \\[Phi] in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d. GibbsPointProcess[{PairInteraction, \\[Mu], h}, d] represents a Gibbs point process with density \\[Mu] and pair-interaction function h in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d. GibbsPointProcess[{Papangelou, \\[Lambda]^*}, d] represents a Gibbs point process with Papangelou conditional density \\[Lambda]^* in ...
- [Glaisher](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Glaisher.en.md): Glaisher is Glaisher's constant with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 1.28243.
- [GlobalClusteringCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GlobalClusteringCoefficient.en.md): GlobalClusteringCoefficient[g] gives the global clustering coefficient of the graph g. GlobalClusteringCoefficient[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Glow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Glow.en.md): Glow[col] is a graphics directive which specifies that surfaces of 3D graphics objects that follow are to be taken to glow with color col. Glow[] specifies that there is no glow.
- [GoldenAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GoldenAngle.en.md): GoldenAngle is the golden angle (3 - Sqrt[5]) \\[Pi], with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 137.5 °.
- [GoldenRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GoldenRatio.en.md): GoldenRatio is the golden ratio \\[Phi] == 1/2 (Sqrt[5] + 1), with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 1.61803.
- [GompertzMakehamDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GompertzMakehamDistribution.en.md): GompertzMakehamDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Xi]] represents a Gompertz distribution with scale parameter \\[Lambda] and frailty parameter \\[Xi]. GompertzMakehamDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Xi], \\[Theta], \\[Alpha]] represents a Gompertz-Makeham distribution with parameters \\[Lambda], \\[Xi], \\[Theta], and \\[Alpha].
- [GoochShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GoochShading.en.md): GoochShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive specifying that surfaces that follow are to be drawn with a warm color facing toward the light and a cool color facing away. GoochShading[col] uses cool and warm colors obtained by blending col with slate Blue and Orange. GoochShading[{ccol, wcol}] uses the cool color ccol and the warm color wcol. GoochShading[{w1, w2} -> {ccol, wcol}] uses the colors ccol and wcol weighted by the wi. GoochShading[scheme] uses the specified gradient ...
- [GoodmanKruskalGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GoodmanKruskalGamma.en.md): GoodmanKruskalGamma[v1, v2] gives the Goodman-Kruskal \\[Gamma] coefficient for the vectors v1 and v2. GoodmanKruskalGamma[m] gives the Goodman-Kruskal \\[Gamma] coefficients for the matrix m. GoodmanKruskalGamma[m1, m2] gives the Goodman-Kruskal \\[Gamma] coefficients for the matrices m1 and m2. GoodmanKruskalGamma[dist] gives the \\[Gamma] coefficient matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. GoodmanKruskalGamma[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th \\[Gamma] coefficient for the ...
- [GoodmanKruskalGammaTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GoodmanKruskalGammaTest.en.md): GoodmanKruskalGammaTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are independent. GoodmanKruskalGammaTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [Goto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Goto.en.md): Goto[tag] scans for Label[tag], and transfers control to that point.
- [GouraudShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GouraudShading.en.md): GouraudShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn to reflect as a smooth surface using a normal-vector average shading. GouraudShading[d] uses the attenuation factor d for the diffuse light. GouraudShading[{d, s}] uses the attenuation factor s for the specular light. GouraudShading[{d, s, a}] uses the attenuation factor a for the ambient light.
- [GPUArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GPUArray.en.md): GPUArray[array] yields an array stored in memory accessible for GPU-accelerated computation.
- [GPUArrayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GPUArrayQ.en.md): GPUArrayQ[g] gives True if g is a valid GPUArray object and False otherwise.
- [Grad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Grad.en.md): Grad[f, {x1, ..., xn}] gives the gradient (\\[PartialD]f/\\[PartialD]x1, ..., \\[PartialD]f/\\[PartialD]xn). Grad[f, {x1, ..., xn}, chart] gives the gradient in the coordinates chart.
- [Gradient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gradient.en.md): Gradient is an option for FindMinimum and related functions that specifies the gradient vector to assume for the function being extremized.
- [GradientFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GradientFilter.en.md): GradientFilter[data, r] gives the magnitude of the gradient of data, computed using discrete derivatives of a Gaussian of sample radius r. GradientFilter[data, {r, \\[Sigma]}] uses a Gaussian with standard deviation \\[Sigma]. GradientFilter[data, {{r1, r2, ...}, ...}] uses a Gaussian with radius ri at level i in data.
- [GradientFittedMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GradientFittedMesh.en.md): GradientFittedMesh[{p1, p2, ...}] gives a MeshRegion whose gradient best fits the normals at points p1, p2, ....
- [GradientOrientationFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GradientOrientationFilter.en.md): GradientOrientationFilter[data, r] gives the local orientation parallel to the gradient of data, computed using discrete derivatives of a Gaussian of pixel radius r, returning values between -\\[Pi]/2 and \\[Pi]/2. GradientOrientationFilter[data, {r, \\[Sigma]}] uses a Gaussian with standard deviation \\[Sigma].
- [GrammarApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GrammarApply.en.md): GrammarApply[grammar, input] attempts to parse input according to the grammar defined by grammar.
- [GrammarRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GrammarRules.en.md): GrammarRules[rules] represents grammar rules to be deployed to a cloud object that implements the grammar in a form suitable for use with functions like GrammarApply and Interpreter. GrammarRules[rules, defs] uses grammar definitions defs.
- [GrammarToken](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GrammarToken.en.md): GrammarToken[form] is a grammar rules pattern object that represents any input of the specified form.
- [Graph3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graph3D.en.md): Graph3D[g] creates a graph with vertices and edges from the graph g and represented as a 3D plot. Graph3D[{e1, e2, ...}] creates a graph with edges ej and represented as a 3D plot. Graph3D[{v 1, v 2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...}] creates a graph with vertices vi and edges ej.
- [GraphAssortativity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphAssortativity.en.md): GraphAssortativity[g] gives the assortativity coefficient of a graph g using vertex degrees. GraphAssortativity[g, prop] gives the assortativity coefficient of the graph g using vertex property prop. GraphAssortativity[g, {{v i 1, v i 2, ...}, ...}] gives the assortativity coefficient of the graph g with respect to the vertex partition {{v i 1, v i 2, ...}, ...}. GraphAssortativity[g, {v1, v2, ...} -> {x1, x2, ...}] gives the assortativity coefficient of the graph g using data {x1, x2, ...
- [GraphAutomorphismGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphAutomorphismGroup.en.md): GraphAutomorphismGroup[g] gives the automorphism group of a graph g. GraphAutomorphismGroup[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphCenter.en.md): GraphCenter[g] gives the set of vertices with minimum eccentricity in the graph g. GraphCenter[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphComplement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphComplement.en.md): GraphComplement[g] gives the graph complement of the graph g. GraphComplement[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphData.en.md): GraphData[name] gives a graph with the specified name. GraphData[entity] gives the graph corresponding to the graph entity. GraphData[entity, property] gives the value of the property for the specified graph entity. GraphData[class] gives a list of available named graphs in the specified graph class. GraphData[n] gives a list of available named graphs with n vertices.
- [GraphDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphDensity.en.md): GraphDensity[g] gives the graph density of the graph g. GraphDensity[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphDiameter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphDiameter.en.md): GraphDiameter[g] gives the greatest distance between any pair of vertices in the graph g. GraphDiameter[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphDifference.en.md): GraphDifference[g1, g2] gives the graph difference of the graphs g1 and g2. GraphDifference[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphDisjointUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphDisjointUnion.en.md): GraphDisjointUnion[g1, g2] gives the graph disjoint union of the graphs g1 and g2. GraphDisjointUnion[g1, g2, ...] gives the disjoint union of g1, g2, .... GraphDisjointUnion[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphDistance.en.md): GraphDistance[g, s, t] gives the distance from source vertex s to target vertex t in the graph g. GraphDistance[g, s] gives the distance from s to all vertices of the graph g. GraphDistance[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphDistanceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphDistanceMatrix.en.md): GraphDistanceMatrix[g] gives the matrix of distances between vertices for the graph g. GraphDistanceMatrix[g, d] gives the matrix of distances between vertices of maximal distance d in the graph g. GraphDistanceMatrix[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphEmbedding.en.md): GraphEmbedding[g] gives coordinates of the vertices of the graph g. GraphEmbedding[g,  emb] gives coordinates of the vertices of the graph g using the embedding  emb. GraphEmbedding[g,  emb, dim] gives coordinates in dimension dim of the vertices of the graph g using the embedding  emb.
- [Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graph.en.md): Graph[{e1, e2, ...}] yields a graph with edges ej. Graph[{v 1, v 2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...}] yields the graph with vertices vi and edges ej. Graph[{..., wi[vi, ...], ...}, {..., wj[ej, ...], ...}] yields a graph with vertex and edge properties defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. Graph[data] yields a graph from data.
- [GraphHighlight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphHighlight.en.md): GraphHighlight is an option to Graph and related objects that specifies graph elements to highlight.
- [GraphHighlightStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphHighlightStyle.en.md): GraphHighlightStyle is an option to Graph and related objects that specifies styles to use for highlighted graph elements.
- [GraphHub](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphHub.en.md): GraphHub[g] gives the set of vertices with maximum vertex degree in the underlying simple graph of g. GraphHub[g, In] gives the set of vertices with maximum vertex in-degree. GraphHub[g, Out] gives the set of vertices with maximum vertex out-degree. GraphHub[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Graphics3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics3D.en.md): Graphics3D[primitives, options] represents a three-dimensional graphical image.
- [GraphicsArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsArray.en.md): As of Version 6.0, GraphicsArray has been superseded by GraphicsGrid and Grid.
- [GraphicsColumn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsColumn.en.md): GraphicsColumn[{g1, g2, ...}] generates a graphic in which the gi are laid out in a column, with g1 above g2, etc. GraphicsColumn[list, alignment] aligns each element horizontally in the specified way. GraphicsColumn[list, alignment, spacing] leaves the specified spacing between successive elements.
- [GraphicsComplex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsComplex.en.md): GraphicsComplex[{pt1, pt2, ...}, data] represents a graphics complex in which coordinates given as integers i in graphics primitives in data are taken to be pti.
- [Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics.en.md): Graphics[primitives, options] represents a two-dimensional graphical image.
- [GraphicsGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsGrid.en.md): GraphicsGrid[{{g11, g12, ...}, ...}] generates a graphic in which the gij are laid out in a two-dimensional grid.
- [GraphicsGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsGroup.en.md): GraphicsGroup[{g1, g2, ...}] represents a collection of graphics objects grouped together for purposes of interactive selection in a notebook.
- [GraphicsRow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsRow.en.md): GraphicsRow[{g1, g2, ...}] generates a graphic in which the gi are laid out in a row. GraphicsRow[list, spacing] leaves the specified spacing between successive elements.
- [GraphicsSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphicsSpacing.en.md): As of Version 6.0, GraphicsSpacing has been superseded by the general option Spacings for GraphicsGrid and related functions.
- [GraphIntersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphIntersection.en.md): GraphIntersection[g1, g2] gives the graph intersection of the graphs g1 and g2. GraphIntersection[g1, g2, ...] gives the graph intersection of g1, g2, ... . GraphIntersection[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphJoin.en.md): GraphJoin[g1, g2] gives the graph join of the graphs g1 and g2.
- [GraphLayers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphLayers.en.md): GraphLayers is an option for LayeredGraphPlot3D and related functions that specifies layers to draw on the plot.
- [GraphLayerStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphLayerStyle.en.md): GraphLayerStyle is an option for LayeredGraphPlot3D and related functions that specifies the style in which to draw a layer on the plot.
- [GraphLayout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphLayout.en.md): GraphLayout is an option to Graph and related functions that specifies what layout to use.
- [GraphLinkEfficiency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphLinkEfficiency.en.md): GraphLinkEfficiency[g] gives the link efficiency of the graph g. GraphLinkEfficiency[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphPeriphery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphPeriphery.en.md): GraphPeriphery[g] gives vertices that are maximally distant to at least one vertex in the graph g. GraphPeriphery[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphPlot3D.en.md): GraphPlot3D[g] generates a 3D plot of the graph g. GraphPlot3D[{e1, e2, ...}] generates a 3D plot of the graph with edges ei. GraphPlot3D[{..., w[ei], ...}] plots e i with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. GraphPlot3D[{v i 1 -> v j 1, ...}] uses rules vik -> vjk to specify the graph g. GraphPlot3D[m] uses the adjacency matrix m to specify the graph g.
- [GraphPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphPlot.en.md): GraphPlot[g] generates a plot of the graph g. GraphPlot[{e1, e2, ...}] generates a plot of the graph with edges ei. GraphPlot[{..., w[ei], ...}] plots ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. GraphPlot[{v i 1 -> v j 1, ...}] uses rules vik -> vjk to specify the graph g. GraphPlot[m] uses the adjacency matrix m to specify the graph g.
- [GraphPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphPower.en.md): GraphPower[g, n] gives the graph-n^th power of the graph g. GraphPower[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphProduct.en.md): GraphProduct[g1, g2] gives the Cartesian product of the graphs g1 and g2. GraphProduct[g1, g2,  op] gives the product of type  op for the graphs g1 and g2
- [GraphPropertyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphPropertyDistribution.en.md): GraphPropertyDistribution[expr, x \\[Distributed] gdist] represents the distribution of the property expr where the random variable x follows the graph distribution gdist. GraphPropertyDistribution[expr, {x1 \\[Distributed] gdist1, x2 \\[Distributed] gdist2, ...}] represents the distribution where x1, x2, ... are independent and follow the graph distributions gdist1, gdist2, ....
- [GraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphQ.en.md): GraphQ[g] yields True if g is a valid Graph object and False otherwise.
- [GraphRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphRadius.en.md): GraphRadius[g] gives the minimum eccentricity of the vertices in the graph g. GraphRadius[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphReciprocity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphReciprocity.en.md): GraphReciprocity[g] gives the reciprocity of a graph g. GraphReciprocity[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphStyle.en.md): As of Version 12.1, GraphStyle has been superseded by PlotTheme.
- [GraphSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.en.md): GraphSum[g1, g2] gives the graph sum of the graphs g1 and g2.
- [GraphTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphTree.en.md): GraphTree[g] constructs a tree from the tree graph g. GraphTree[g, root] specifies what vertex to use as the root. GraphTree[g, root, h] applies h to each vertex to get the corresponding data and ordering of subtrees.
- [GraphTriangleCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphTriangleCount.en.md): GraphTriangleCount[g] gives the number of triangles in the graph g.
- [GraphUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphUnion.en.md): GraphUnion[g1, g2] gives the graph union of the graphs g1 and g2. GraphUnion[g1, g2, ...] gives the graph union of g1, g2, .... GraphUnion[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [GraphValuePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphValuePlot.en.md): GraphValuePlot[g, {val1, val2, ...}] generates a plot of the graph g in which vertices vi are styled according to the values vali. GraphValuePlot[g, {val1, val2, ...} -> enc] uses the visual encoding enc to represent the values vali in the plot. GraphValuePlot[g, {w1 -> {val1 -> enc1, ...}, ...}] uses the visual encoding encij to represent the values valij for vertices and edges wi in the plot.
- [GrassmannAlgebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GrassmannAlgebra.en.md): GrassmannAlgebra[vars] gives the Grassmann algebra with generators vars. GrassmannAlgebra[vars, alg] takes the operation names and monomial order settings from the non-commutative algebra alg.
- [Gray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gray.en.md): Gray represents the color gray in graphics or style specifications.
- [GrayLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GrayLevel.en.md): GrayLevel[g] represents a color in the grayscale color space with gray level g. GrayLevel[g, a] specifies opacity a. GrayLevel[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. GrayLevel[color] returns the grayscale representation of color.
- [Greater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Greater.en.md): x > y yields True if x is determined to be greater than y. x1 > x2 > x3 yields True if the xi form a strictly decreasing sequence.
- [GreaterEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterEqual.en.md): x >= y or x >= y yields True if x is determined to be greater than or equal to y. x1 >= x2 >= x3 yields True if the xi form a nonincreasing sequence.
- [GreaterEqualLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterEqualLess.en.md): GreaterEqualLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[GreaterEqualLess] y \\[GreaterEqualLess] ....
- [GreaterEqualThan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterEqualThan.en.md): GreaterEqualThan[y] is an operator form that yields x >= y when applied to an expression x.
- [GreaterFullEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterFullEqual.en.md): GreaterFullEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[GreaterFullEqual] y \\[GreaterFullEqual] ....
- [GreaterGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterGreater.en.md): GreaterGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[GreaterGreater] y \\[GreaterGreater] ....
- [GreaterLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterLess.en.md): GreaterLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[GreaterLess] y \\[GreaterLess] ....
- [GreaterSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterSlantEqual.en.md): GreaterSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[GreaterSlantEqual] y \\[GreaterSlantEqual] ....
- [GreaterThan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterThan.en.md): GreaterThan[y] is an operator form that yields x > y when applied to an expression x.
- [GreaterTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreaterTilde.en.md): GreaterTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[GreaterTilde] y \\[GreaterTilde] ....
- [Green](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Green.en.md): Green represents the color green in graphics or style specifications.
- [GreenFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.en.md): GreenFunction[{\\[ScriptCapitalL][u[x]], \\[ScriptCapitalB][u[x]]}, u, {x, xmin, xmax}, y] gives a Green's function for the linear differential operator \\[ScriptCapitalL] with boundary conditions \\[ScriptCapitalB] in the range xmin to xmax. GreenFunction[{\\[ScriptCapitalL][u[x1, x2, ...]], \\[ScriptCapitalB][u[x1, x2, ...]]}, u, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], {y1, y2, ...}] gives a Green's function for the linear partial differential operator \\[ScriptCapitalL] over the region ...
- [GridBaseline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridBaseline.en.md): GridBaseline has been superseded by the BaselinePosition option for Grid and related objects.
- [GridBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridBox.en.md): GridBox[{{box11, box12, ...}, {box21, box22, ...}, ...}] is a low-level box construct that represents a two-dimensional grid of boxes or strings in notebook expressions.
- [GridCreationSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridCreationSettings.en.md): GridCreationSettings is a global option that specifies settings for the Create Table/Matrix dialog.
- [GridDefaultElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridDefaultElement.en.md): GridDefaultElement is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies what to insert when a new element is created interactively in a GridBox.
- [Grid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Grid.en.md): Grid[{{expr11, expr12, ...}, {expr21, expr22, ...}, ...}] is an object that formats with the exprij arranged in a two-dimensional grid.
- [GridFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridFrame.en.md): GridFrame is an option for grids that specifies whether a surrounding frame is drawn.
- [GridFrameMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridFrameMargins.en.md): GridFrameMargins is an option for grids that specifies the spacing between the content of the grid and the frame surrounding it.
- [GridGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridGraph.en.md): GridGraph[{m, n}] gives the grid graph with m*n vertices G m, n. GridGraph[{n1, n2, ..., nk}] gives the k-dimensional grid graph with n1*n2*\\[CenterEllipsis]*nk vertices G Subscript[n, 1], Subscript[n, 2], ..., Subscript[n, k].
- [GridLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridLines.en.md): GridLines is an option for two-dimensional graphics functions that specifies grid lines.
- [GridLinesStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridLinesStyle.en.md): GridLinesStyle is an option for 2D graphics functions that specifies how grid lines should be rendered.
- [GridVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GridVideo.en.md): GridVideo[{v1, v2, ...}] creates a video in which each frame is a grid of frames of all vi at the corresponding time. GridVideo[{{v11, v12, ...}, ...}] uses the array position of each video vij to create the video grid.
- [GroebnerBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroebnerBasis.en.md): GroebnerBasis[{poly1, poly2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] gives a list of polynomials that form a Gröbner basis for the set of polynomials polyi. GroebnerBasis[{poly1, poly2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}] finds a Gröbner basis in which the yi have been eliminated.
- [GroupActionBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupActionBase.en.md): GroupActionBase is an option to specify a base for a group.
- [GroupBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupBy.en.md): GroupBy[{elem1, elem2, ...}, f] gives an association that groups the elemi into lists associated with distinct keys f[elemi]. GroupBy[{elem1, elem2, ...}, fk -> fv] groups the fv[elemi] according to the fk[elemi]. GroupBy[{elem1, elem2, ...}, {fs1, fs2, ...}] groups into nested associations using fsi at level i. GroupBy[{elem1, elem2, ...}, spec, red] applies the function red to reduce lists of values that are generated. GroupBy[spec] represents an operator form of GroupBy that can be ...
- [GroupCentralizer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupCentralizer.en.md): GroupCentralizer[group, g] returns the centralizer of the element g in group.
- [GroupElementFromWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElementFromWord.en.md): GroupElementFromWord[group, w] returns the element of group determined by the word w in the generators of group.
- [GroupElementPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElementPosition.en.md): GroupElementPosition[group, g] returns the position of the element g in the list of elements of group. GroupElementPosition[group, {g1, ..., gn}] returns the list of positions of the elements g1, ..., gn in group.
- [GroupElementQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElementQ.en.md): GroupElementQ[group, g] returns True if the object g is an element of group and False otherwise.
- [GroupElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElements.en.md): GroupElements[group] returns the list of all elements of group. GroupElements[group, {r1, ..., rk}] returns the elements numbered r1, ..., rk in group in the standard order.
- [GroupElementToWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupElementToWord.en.md): GroupElementToWord[group, g] decomposes the group element g as a product of generators of group.
- [GroupGenerators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupGenerators.en.md): GroupGenerators[group] returns a list of generators of group.
- [Groupings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Groupings.en.md): Groupings[n, k] gives a list of all possible groupings of 1, ..., n taken k at a time. Groupings[{a1, ..., an}, k] gives all possible groupings of a1, ..., an taken k at a time. Groupings[{{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, ...}, k] gives the combination of all possible groupings of each of the lists ai, bi, ... taken k at a time. Groupings[aspec, f -> k] gives all possible groupings of aspec taken k at a time with the function f applied at each level. Groupings[aspec, {f1 -> k1, f2 -> k2, ...
- [GroupMultiplicationTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupMultiplicationTable.en.md): GroupMultiplicationTable[group] gives the multiplication table of group as an array.
- [GroupOrbits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupOrbits.en.md): GroupOrbits[group, {p1, ...}] returns the orbits of the points pi under the action of the elements of group. GroupOrbits[group, {p1, ...}, f] finds the orbits under the group action given by a function f.
- [GroupOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupOrder.en.md): GroupOrder[group] returns the number of elements of group.
- [GroupPageBreakWithin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupPageBreakWithin.en.md): GroupPageBreakWithin is an option for Cell that specifies whether a page break should be allowed within the group of cells if the notebook that contains the group is printed.
- [GroupSetwiseStabilizer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupSetwiseStabilizer.en.md): GroupSetwiseStabilizer[group, {p1, ..., pn}] returns the subgroup of group for which the images of the points pi are still in the list {p1, ..., pn}. GroupSetwiseStabilizer[group, {p1, ..., pn}, f] returns the setwise stabilizer subgroup under the action given by the function f.
- [GroupStabilizerChain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupStabilizerChain.en.md): GroupStabilizerChain[group] returns a list of successive stabilizers in group of the points in a base of group.
- [GroupStabilizer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GroupStabilizer.en.md): GroupStabilizer[group, {p1, ..., pn}] returns the subgroup of elements of group that move none of the points p1, ..., pn. GroupStabilizer[group, {p1, ..., pn}, f] returns the stabilizer subgroup under the action given by the function f.
- [GrowCutComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GrowCutComponents.en.md): GrowCutComponents[image, {marker1, marker2, ...}] creates a segmentation from image by growing each markeri. GrowCutComponents[video, ...] returns segmentation for each frame in video.
- [Gudermannian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gudermannian.en.md): Gudermannian[z] gives the Gudermannian function gd (z).
- [GuidedFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GuidedFilter.en.md): GuidedFilter[image, guide, r, \\[Epsilon]] filters image using the guide image guide over range-r neighborhoods with pixel-value regularizer \\[Epsilon]. GuidedFilter[image, r, \\[Epsilon]] filters image so as to reduce noise, using image as the guide.
- [GumbelDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GumbelDistribution.en.md): GumbelDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a Gumbel distribution with location parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. GumbelDistribution[] represents a Gumbel distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [HaarWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HaarWavelet.en.md): HaarWavelet[] represents a Haar wavelet.
- [HadamardMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HadamardMatrix.en.md): HadamardMatrix[n] returns an n*n Hadamard matrix.
- [HalfLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HalfLine.en.md): HalfLine[{p1, p2}] represents the half-line from the point p1 through p2. HalfLine[p, v] represents the half-line from the point p in the direction v.
- [HalfNormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HalfNormalDistribution.en.md): HalfNormalDistribution[\\[Theta]] represents a half-normal distribution with scale inversely proportional to parameter \\[Theta].
- [HalfPlane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HalfPlane.en.md): HalfPlane[{p1, p2}, w] represents the half-plane bounded by the line through p1 and p2 and extended in the direction w. HalfPlane[p, v, w] represents the half-plane bounded by the line through p along v and extended in the direction w.
- [HalfSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HalfSpace.en.md): HalfSpace[n, p] represents the half-space of points x such that n . (x - p) <= 0. HalfSpace[n, c] represents the half-space of points x such that n . x <= c.
- [HalftoneShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HalftoneShading.en.md): HalftoneShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive specifying that surfaces that follow are to be drawn with a base pattern of dots. HalftoneShading[d] uses the density d of shading. HalftoneShading[col] uses dots with the specified color col. HalftoneShading[shape] uses the specified  shape as base pattern. HalftoneShading[d, col,  shape] uses a fixed pattern of  shape with the specified color col and density d.
- [Haloing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Haloing.en.md): Haloing[] is a two-dimensional directive specifying that graphics objects are to be drawn with a halo. Haloing[col] uses the specified color col for the halo. Haloing[col, w] uses the specified width w for the halo. Haloing[col, w, r] applies a blur effect with radius r to the halo.
- [HamiltonianGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HamiltonianGraphQ.en.md): HamiltonianGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is Hamiltonian, and False otherwise.
- [HammingDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HammingDistance.en.md): HammingDistance[u, v] gives the Hamming distance between strings, vectors or biomolecular sequences u and v.
- [HammingWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HammingWindow.en.md): HammingWindow[x] represents a Hamming window function of x.
- [HandlerFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HandlerFunctions.en.md): HandlerFunctions is an option that specifies functions to apply when events are generated.
- [HandlerFunctionsKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HandlerFunctionsKeys.en.md): HandlerFunctionsKeys is an option that specifies the content of associations to which to apply handler functions.
- [HankelH1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HankelH1.en.md): HankelH1[n, z] gives the Hankel function of the first kind n.
- [HankelH2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HankelH2.en.md): HankelH2[n, z] gives the Hankel function of the second kind n.
- [HankelMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HankelMatrix.en.md): HankelMatrix[n] gives the n*n Hankel matrix with first row and first column being successive integers. HankelMatrix[{c1, c2, ..., cn}] gives the Hankel matrix whose first column consists of entries c1, c2, .... HankelMatrix[{c1, c2, ..., cm}, {r1, r2, ..., rn}] gives the Hankel matrix with entries ci down the first column, and ri across the last row.
- [HankelTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HankelTransform.en.md): HankelTransform[expr, r, s] gives the Hankel transform of order 0 for expr. HankelTransform[expr, r, s, \\[Nu]] gives the Hankel transform of order \\[Nu] for expr.
- [HannPoissonWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HannPoissonWindow.en.md): HannPoissonWindow[x] represents a Hann-Poisson window function of x. HannPoissonWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [HannWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HannWindow.en.md): HannWindow[x] represents a Hann window function of x. HannWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [HaradaNortonGroupHN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HaradaNortonGroupHN.en.md): HaradaNortonGroupHN[] represents the sporadic simple Harada-Norton group HN.
- [HararyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HararyGraph.en.md): HararyGraph[k, n] generates the minimal k-connected graph on n vertices H k, n.
- [HardcorePointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HardcorePointProcess.en.md): HardcorePointProcess[\\[Mu], rh, d] represents a hard-core point process with constant intensity \\[Mu] and hard-core radius rh in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [HarmonicMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HarmonicMean.en.md): HarmonicMean[data] gives the harmonic mean of the values in data.
- [HarmonicMeanFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HarmonicMeanFilter.en.md): HarmonicMeanFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the harmonic mean value in its range-r neighborhood. HarmonicMeanFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [HarmonicNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HarmonicNumber.en.md): HarmonicNumber[n] gives the n^th harmonic number HarmonicNumber[n]. HarmonicNumber[n, r] gives the harmonic number n of order r. HarmonicNumber[n, r, s] gives the generalized harmonic number n(s) of order r and decoration value s.
- [HarmonicPolyLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HarmonicPolyLog.en.md): HarmonicPolyLog[{a1, a2, ..., ak}, x] gives the harmonic polylogarithm {a1, a2, ..., ak}. HarmonicPolyLog[{a1, a2, ..., ak}, x, p] gives the harmonic polylogarithm with base point p. HarmonicPolyLog[{a1, a2, ..., ak}, x, {p 1, p 2, ..., p k}] gives the harmonic polylogarithm with a sequence of base points (p1, p2, ...).
- [Hash](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hash.en.md): Hash[expr] gives an integer hash code for the expression expr. Hash[expr, type] gives an integer hash digest of the specified type for expr. Hash[expr, type,  format] gives a hash code in the specified format.
- [HatchFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HatchFilling.en.md): HatchFilling[] is a two-dimensional graphics directive that specifies that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using closely spaced parallel lines. HatchFilling[name] uses the specified line hatching  name. HatchFilling[\\[Theta]] draws parallel lines with an angle \\[Theta]. HatchFilling[\\[Theta], r] draws parallel lines with absolute thickness r. HatchFilling[\\[Theta], r, d] draws parallel lines with gaps of absolute thickness d.
- [HatchShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HatchShading.en.md): HatchShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive specifying that objects that follow are to be drawn with closely spaced parallel lines. HatchShading[d] uses the density d of shading. HatchShading[col] uses lines with the specified color col. HatchShading[d, col] uses lines with the specified color col and density d.
- [Haversine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Haversine.en.md): Haversine[z] gives the haversine function hav (z).
- [HazardFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HazardFunction.en.md): HazardFunction[dist, x] gives the hazard function for the distribution dist evaluated at x. HazardFunction[dist, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the multivariate hazard function for the distribution dist evaluated at {x1, x2, ...}. HazardFunction[dist] gives the hazard function as a pure function.
- [Head](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Head.en.md): Head[expr] gives the head of expr. Head[expr, h] wraps the result with h.
- [HeaderAlignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderAlignment.en.md): HeaderAlignment is an option for Dataset that specifies how the contents of a header should be aligned within the available area in the header.
- [HeaderBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderBackground.en.md): HeaderBackground is an option for Dataset that specifies what background color to use for row and column headers.
- [HeaderDisplayFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderDisplayFunction.en.md): HeaderDisplayFunction is an option for Dataset that specifies a function to apply to headers before displaying them.
- [HeaderLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderLines.en.md): HeaderLines is an option for SemanticImport and related functions that specifies how many of the initial rows should be considered part of a column header.
- [HeaderSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderSize.en.md): HeaderSize is an option for Dataset that specifies the widths and heights of headers.
- [HeaderStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeaderStyle.en.md): HeaderStyle is an option for Dataset that specifies the style to use for headers.
- [Heads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Heads.en.md): Heads is an option for functions which use level specifications that specifies whether heads of expressions should be included.
- [HeatFluxValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatFluxValue.en.md): HeatFluxValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal heat flux boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatFluxValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal heat flux boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeatInsulationValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatInsulationValue.en.md): HeatInsulationValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal insulation boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatInsulationValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal insulation boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeatOutflowValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatOutflowValue.en.md): HeatOutflowValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal outflow boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatOutflowValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal outflow boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeatRadiationValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatRadiationValue.en.md): HeatRadiationValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal radiation boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatRadiationValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal radiation boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeatSymmetryValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatSymmetryValue.en.md): HeatSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal symmetry boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal symmetry boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeatTemperatureCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatTemperatureCondition.en.md): HeatTemperatureCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal surface boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatTemperatureCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal surface boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeatTransferPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatTransferPDEComponent.en.md): HeatTransferPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a heat transfer PDE term with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [HeatTransferValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeatTransferValue.en.md): HeatTransferValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a thermal transfer boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. HeatTransferValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal transfer boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [HeavisideLambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisideLambda.en.md): HeavisideLambda[x] represents the triangle distribution \\[CapitalLambda](x) which is nonzero for |x| < 1. HeavisideLambda[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional triangle distribution \\[CapitalLambda](x1, x2, ...) which is nonzero for |xi| < 1.
- [HeavisidePi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisidePi.en.md): HeavisidePi[x] represents the box distribution \\[CapitalPi](x), equal to 1 for |x| < 1/2 and 0 for |x| > 1/2. HeavisidePi[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional box distribution \\[CapitalPi](x1, x2, ...) which is 1 if all |xi| < 1/2.
- [HeavisideTheta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisideTheta.en.md): HeavisideTheta[x] represents the Heaviside theta function \\[Theta](x), equal to 0 for x < 0 and 1 for x > 0. HeavisideTheta[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional Heaviside theta function, which is 1 only if all of the xi are positive.
- [HeldGroupHe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeldGroupHe.en.md): HeldGroupHe[] represents the sporadic simple Held group He.
- [HeldPart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeldPart.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), HeldPart has been superseded by Extract.
- [HelmholtzPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HelmholtzPDEComponent.en.md): HelmholtzPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a Helmholtz PDE term \\[Del]^2 {Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u + k^2 u with model variables vars and model parameters pars.
- [HelpBrowserSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HelpBrowserSettings.en.md): HelpBrowserSettings is a global option that specifies settings for the legacy Help Browser.
- [Here](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Here.en.md): Here represents the current deduced geo location.
- [HermiteDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HermiteDecomposition.en.md): HermiteDecomposition[m] gives the Hermite normal form decomposition of an integer matrix m.
- [HermiteH](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HermiteH.en.md): HermiteH[n, x] gives the Hermite polynomial n.
- [HermiteReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HermiteReduce.en.md): HermiteReduce[m] gives the Hermite normal form of an integer matrix m.
- [Hermitian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hermitian.en.md): Hermitian[{1, 2}] represents the symmetry of a Hermitian matrix.
- [HermitianMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HermitianMatrix.en.md): HermitianMatrix[hmat] converts the Hermitian matrix hmat to a structured array.
- [HermitianMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HermitianMatrixQ.en.md): HermitianMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly Hermitian, and False otherwise.
- [HessenbergDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HessenbergDecomposition.en.md): HessenbergDecomposition[m] gives the Hessenberg decomposition of a numerical matrix m.
- [HeunB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunB.en.md): HeunB[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the bi-confluent Heun function.
- [HeunBPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunBPrime.en.md): HeunBPrime[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the z-derivative of the HeunB function.
- [HeunC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunC.en.md): HeunC[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the confluent Heun function.
- [HeunCPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunCPrime.en.md): HeunCPrime[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the z-derivative of the HeunC function.
- [HeunD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunD.en.md): HeunD[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the double-confluent Heun function.
- [HeunDPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunDPrime.en.md): HeunDPrime[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the z-derivative of the HeunD function.
- [HeunG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunG.en.md): HeunG[a, q, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], z] gives the general Heun function.
- [HeunGPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunGPrime.en.md): HeunGPrime[a, q, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], z] gives the z-derivative of the HeunG function.
- [HeunT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunT.en.md): HeunT[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the tri-confluent Heun function.
- [HeunTPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeunTPrime.en.md): HeunTPrime[q, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Epsilon], z] gives the z-derivative of the HeunT function.
- [HexadecimalCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HexadecimalCharacter.en.md): HexadecimalCharacter represents a hexadecimal digit character 0-9, a-f, A-F in StringExpression.
- [Hexahedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hexahedron.en.md): Hexahedron[{p1, p2, ..., p8}] represents a filled hexahedron with corners p1, p2, ..., p8. Hexahedron[{{p 1, 1, p 1, 2, ..., p 1, 8}, {p 2, 1, ...}, ...}] represents a collection of hexahedra.
- [HiddenItems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HiddenItems.en.md): HiddenItems is an option for Dataset that specifies which items to hide.
- [HiddenMarkovProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HiddenMarkovProcess.en.md): HiddenMarkovProcess[i0, m, em] represents a discrete-time, finite-state hidden Markov process with transition matrix m, emission matrix em, and initial hidden state i0. HiddenMarkovProcess[..., m, {dist1, ...}] represents a hidden Markov process with emission distributions disti. HiddenMarkovProcess[p0, m, ...] represents a hidden Markov process with initial hidden state probability vector p0.
- [HiddenSurface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HiddenSurface.en.md): As of Version 6.0, HiddenSurface -> False has been superseded by the setting PlotStyle -> FaceForm[].
- [Highlighted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Highlighted.en.md): Highlighted[expr] displays a highlighted version of expr. Highlighted[expr, effect] uses the effect effect to highlight plot elements representing expr.
- [HighlightGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HighlightGraph.en.md): HighlightGraph[g, {a1, a2, ...}] highlights the ai that can be vertices, edges, or subgraphs of g. HighlightGraph[g, {..., wj[aj], ...}] highlights using the symbolic wrappers wj. HighlightGraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [HighlightImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HighlightImage.en.md): HighlightImage[image, roi] highlights the specified region of interest roi in image. HighlightImage[image, {roi1, roi2, ...}] highlights several regions of interest roii. HighlightImage[image, {..., w[roii], ...}] highlights using a feature defined by the symbolic wrapper w. HighlightImage[image, fg, bgstyle] applies the styling bgstyle to the complement of all the regions of interest.
- [HighlightMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HighlightMesh.en.md): HighlightMesh[mr, {cellspec1, cellspec2, ...}] highlights the cells specified by cellspeci in the mesh region mr. HighlightMesh[mr, {..., wj[cellspecj], ...}] highlights using the symbolic wrappers wj.
- [HighlightRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HighlightRegion.en.md): HighlightRegion[reg, roi] highlights the specified region of interest roi in the geometric region reg. HighlightRegion[reg, {roi1, roi2, ...}] highlights several regions of interest roii. HighlightRegion[reg, {..., w[roii], ...}] highlights using a feature defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [HighlightVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HighlightVideo.en.md): HighlightVideo[video, f] runs f on each frame of video. HighlightVideo[video, objs] highlights regions of interest objs for given times.
- [HighpassFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HighpassFilter.en.md): HighpassFilter[data, \\[Omega]c] applies a highpass filter with a cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c to an array of data. HighpassFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n] uses a filter kernel of length n. HighpassFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to the filter kernel.
- [HigmanSimsGroupHS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HigmanSimsGroupHS.en.md): HigmanSimsGroupHS[] represents the sporadic simple Higman-Sims group HS.
- [HilbertCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HilbertCurve.en.md): HilbertCurve[n] gives the line segments representing the n^th-step Hilbert curve. HilbertCurve[n, d] gives the n^th-step Hilbert curve in dimension d.
- [HilbertFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HilbertFilter.en.md): HilbertFilter[data, \\[Omega]c] applies a Hilbert filter with a cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c to an array of data. HilbertFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n] uses a filter kernel of length n. HilbertFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to the filter kernel.
- [HilbertMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HilbertMatrix.en.md): HilbertMatrix[n] gives the n*n Hilbert matrix with elements of the form 1/(i + j - 1). HilbertMatrix[{m, n}] gives the m*n Hilbert matrix.
- [HilbertTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HilbertTransform.en.md): HilbertTransform[f[t], t, s] gives the symbolic Hilbert transform of f[t] in the variable t and returns a transform F[s] in the variable s. HilbertTransform[f[t], t, OverscriptBox[s, ^]] gives the numeric Hilbert transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[s, ^].
- [Histogram3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Histogram3D.en.md): Histogram3D[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots a 3D histogram of the values {xi, yi}. Histogram3D[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, bspec] plots a 3D histogram with bins specified by bspec. Histogram3D[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, bspec, hspec] plots a 3D histogram with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec. Histogram3D[{data1, data2, ...}] plots 3D histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [HistogramDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HistogramDistribution.en.md): HistogramDistribution[{x1, x2, ...}] represents the probability distribution corresponding to a histogram of the data values xi. HistogramDistribution[{{x1, y1, ...}, {x2, y2, ...}, ...}] represents a multivariate histogram distribution based on data values {xi, yi, ...}. HistogramDistribution[..., bspec] represents a histogram distribution with bins specified by bspec.
- [Histogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Histogram.en.md): Histogram[{x1, x2, ...}] plots a histogram of the values xi. Histogram[{x1, x2, ...}, bspec] plots a histogram with bin width specification bspec. Histogram[{x1, x2, ...}, bspec, hspec] plots a histogram with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec. Histogram[{data1, data2, ...}, ...] plots histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [HistogramList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HistogramList.en.md): HistogramList[{x1, x2, ...}] gives a list of bins and histogram heights of the values xi. HistogramList[{{x1, y1, ...}, {x2, y2, ...}, ...}] gives a list of bins and histogram heights of the values {xi, yi, ...}. HistogramList[..., bspec] gives a list of bins and histogram heights with bins specified by bspec. HistogramList[..., bspec, hspec] gives a list of bins and histogram heights with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec.
- [HistogramPointDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HistogramPointDensity.en.md): HistogramPointDensity[pdata] estimates the histogram point density function \\[Mu](x) for point data pdata. HistogramPointDensity[pdata, bspec] estimates the histogram point density function \\[Mu](x) with histogram bins specified by bspec. HistogramPointDensity[bdata, ...] estimates the histogram point density function \\[Mu](x) for binned data bdata. HistogramPointDensity[pproc, ...] computes the histogram point density function \\[Mu](x) for the point process pproc.
- [HistogramTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HistogramTransform.en.md): HistogramTransform[image] transforms pixel values of image so that its histogram is nearly flat. HistogramTransform[image, ref] modifies pixel values of image so that its histogram would have nearly the same distribution as ref. HistogramTransform[image, ref, n] uses n equally spaced quantiles. HistogramTransform[{x1, x2, ...}, ...] transforms values xi.
- [HistogramTransformInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HistogramTransformInterpolation.en.md): HistogramTransformInterpolation[{x1, x2, ...}] finds a function f so that the transformed values f(xi) are distributed nearly uniformly. HistogramTransformInterpolation[{x1, x2, ...}, ref] finds f so that f(xi) are distributed with distribution ref. HistogramTransformInterpolation[{x 1, x 2, ...}, ref, n] finds a function with n equally spaced quantiles. HistogramTransformInterpolation[image, ...] finds a function that reshapes the histogram of image.
- [HistoricalPeriodData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HistoricalPeriodData.en.md): HistoricalPeriodData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the historical period entity. HistoricalPeriodData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified historical period entities. HistoricalPeriodData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [HitMissTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HitMissTransform.en.md): HitMissTransform[image, ker] gives the hit-or-miss transform of image with respect to the composite structuring element ker. HitMissTransform[image, {ker1, ker2, ...}] gives the union of the hit-or-miss transforms for all the structuring elements keri. HitMissTransform[image, {ker1, ker2, ...}, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [HITSCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HITSCentrality.en.md): HITSCentrality[g] gives a list of authority and hub centralities for the vertices in the graph g. HITSCentrality[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [HjorthDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HjorthDistribution.en.md): HjorthDistribution[m, s, f] represents the Hjorth distribution with location parameter m, scale parameter s, and shape parameter f.
- [HodgeDual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HodgeDual.en.md): HodgeDual[tensor] gives the Hodge dual of the tensor HodgeDual[tensor, dim] dualizes tensor in the slots with dimension dim HodgeDual[tensor, dim, slots] dualizes tensor in the given slots.
- [HoeffdingD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoeffdingD.en.md): HoeffdingD[v1, v2] gives Hoeffding's dependence measure \\[ScriptCapitalD] for the vectors v1 and v2. HoeffdingD[m] gives Hoeffding's dependence measure \\[ScriptCapitalD] for the matrix m. HoeffdingD[m1, m2] gives Hoeffding's dependence measure \\[ScriptCapitalD] for the matrices m1 and m2. HoeffdingD[dist] gives Hoeffding's \\[ScriptCapitalD] matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. HoeffdingD[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th element of \\[ScriptCapitalD] for the multivariate ...
- [HoeffdingDTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoeffdingDTest.en.md): HoeffdingDTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are independent. HoeffdingDTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [HoldAllComplete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldAllComplete.en.md): HoldAllComplete is an attribute which specifies that all arguments to a function are not to be modified or looked at in any way in the process of evaluation.
- [HoldAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldAll.en.md): HoldAll is an attribute that specifies that all arguments to a function are to be maintained in an unevaluated form.
- [HoldComplete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldComplete.en.md): HoldComplete[expr] shields expr completely from the standard Wolfram Language evaluation process, preventing even upvalues associated with expr from being used.
- [HoldCompleteForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldCompleteForm.en.md): HoldCompleteForm[expr] prints as the expression expr, shielding expr completely from the standard Wolfram Language evaluation process.
- [Hold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hold.en.md): Hold[expr] maintains expr in an unevaluated form.
- [HolderModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HolderModel.en.md): HolderModel[] represents the single-input, single-output model of a zero-order hold. HolderModel[specs] represents a holder with specifications specs.
- [HoldFirst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldFirst.en.md): HoldFirst is an attribute that specifies that the first argument to a function is to be maintained in an unevaluated form.
- [HoldForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldForm.en.md): HoldForm[expr] prints as the expression expr, with expr maintained in an unevaluated form.
- [HoldPattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldPattern.en.md): HoldPattern[expr] is equivalent to expr for pattern matching, but maintains expr in an unevaluated form.
- [HoldRest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoldRest.en.md): HoldRest is an attribute which specifies that all but the first argument to a function are to be maintained in an unevaluated form.
- [HolidayCalendarData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HolidayCalendarData.en.md): HolidayCalendarData[] gives a list of countries with available holiday calendars. HolidayCalendarData[country] gives available holiday calendars for the stock exchanges in the specified country.
- [HolidayCalendar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HolidayCalendar.en.md): HolidayCalendar is an option that specifies the holiday calendar schedule in business day functions.
- [HomeDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HomeDirectory.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), HomeDirectory has been replaced by $HomeDirectory.
- [HorizontalGauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HorizontalGauge.en.md): HorizontalGauge[value] draws a linear gauge showing value in a range of 0 to 1. HorizontalGauge[value, {min, max}] draws a linear gauge showing value in a range of min to max. HorizontalGauge[Dynamic[value], ...] allows value to be set interactively using the gauge. HorizontalGauge[{value1, value2, ...}, ...] draws a gauge showing multiple values.
- [HornerForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HornerForm.en.md): HornerForm[poly] puts the polynomial poly in Horner form. HornerForm[poly, vars] puts poly in Horner form with respect to the variable or variable list vars. HornerForm[poly1/poly2] puts the rational function poly1/poly2 in Horner form by nesting poly1 and poly2. HornerForm[poly1/poly2, vars1, vars2] puts poly1/poly2 in Horner form using the variables or variable lists vars1 and vars2 for poly1 and poly2, respectively.
- [HostLookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HostLookup.en.md): HostLookup[name] gives the IP address for the host with the specified name. HostLookup[address] gives the host name for the host at the specified IP address. HostLookup[spec, prop] gives a specified property of the host. HostLookup[spec, All] gives an association of properties found for the host.
- [HotellingTSquareDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HotellingTSquareDistribution.en.md): HotellingTSquareDistribution[p, m] represents Hotelling's T^2 distribution with dimensionality parameter p and m degrees of freedom.
- [HoytDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HoytDistribution.en.md): HoytDistribution[q, \\[Omega]] represents a Hoyt distribution with shape parameter q and spread parameter \\[Omega].
- [HTMLSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HTMLSave.en.md): HTMLSave is superseded by Export[..., HTML] in Version 6.
- [HTTPErrorResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HTTPErrorResponse.en.md): HTTPErrorResponse[code] is an object that represents an error response to an HTTP request, with specified error code.
- [HTTPRedirect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HTTPRedirect.en.md): HTTPRedirect[uri] represents an HTTP redirect to the specified uri. HTTPRedirect[uri, metadata] represents an HTTP redirect to uri with the specified metadata.
- [HTTPRequestData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HTTPRequestData.en.md): HTTPRequestData[prop] gives the value of the specified property of the current HTTP request. HTTPRequestData[] gives an association with values of properties of the current HTTP request.
- [HTTPRequest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HTTPRequest.en.md): HTTPRequest[url] represents an HTTP request for the specified URL. HTTPRequest[assoc] represents an HTTP request built from the components in the association assoc. HTTPRequest[url, assoc] represents an HTTP request for the specified URL with additional elements such as headers given by assoc.
- [HTTPResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HTTPResponse.en.md): HTTPResponse[body] is an object that represents a successful response to an HTTP request, with the specified body and default metadata. HTTPResponse[body, metadata] represents a response to an HTTP request, including the specified body and metadata.
- [Hue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hue.en.md): Hue[h] represents a color in the HSB color space with hue h. Hue[h, s, b] specifies colors in terms of hue, saturation and brightness. Hue[h, s, b, a] specifies opacity a. Hue[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. Hue[color] returns the HSB representation of color.
- [HumanGrowthData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HumanGrowthData.en.md): HumanGrowthData[spec] returns the range of values within one standard deviation of the mean for all properties of human growth at the specification spec. HumanGrowthData[spec, property] returns the range of values within one standard deviation of the mean of a property for the specification spec. HumanGrowthData[spec, index] returns the values for all properties of human growth for spec at the specified percentile. HumanGrowthData[spec, property, index] returns the value at a specific index of ...
- [HumpDownHump](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HumpDownHump.en.md): HumpDownHump[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[HumpDownHump] y \\[HumpDownHump] ....
- [HumpEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HumpEqual.en.md): HumpEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[HumpEqual] y \\[HumpEqual] ....
- [HurwitzLerchPhi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HurwitzLerchPhi.en.md): HurwitzLerchPhi[z, s, a] gives the Hurwitz-Lerch transcendent HurwitzLerchPhi[z,s,a].
- [HurwitzZeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HurwitzZeta.en.md): HurwitzZeta[s, a] gives the Hurwitz zeta function s.
- [HyperbolicDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HyperbolicDistribution.en.md): HyperbolicDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Delta], \\[Mu]] represents a hyperbolic distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], scale parameter \\[Delta], shape parameter \\[Alpha], and skewness parameter \\[Beta]. HyperbolicDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Delta], \\[Mu]] represents a generalized hyperbolic distribution with shape parameter \\[Lambda].
- [HypercubeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypercubeGraph.en.md): HypercubeGraph[n] gives the n-dimensional hypercube graph Qn.
- [HyperexponentialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HyperexponentialDistribution.en.md): HyperexponentialDistribution[{\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]m}, \\ {\\[Lambda]1, ..., \\[Lambda]m}] represents an m-phase hyperexponential distribution with phase probabilities \\[Alpha]i and rates \\[Lambda]i.
- [Hyperfactorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperfactorial.en.md): Hyperfactorial[n] gives the hyperfactorial function Hyperfactorial[n].
- [Hypergeometric0F1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric0F1.en.md): Hypergeometric0F1[a, z] is the confluent hypergeometric function a.
- [Hypergeometric0F1Regularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric0F1Regularized.en.md): Hypergeometric0F1Regularized[a, z] is the regularized confluent hypergeometric function a/Gamma[a].
- [Hypergeometric1F1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1.en.md): Hypergeometric1F1[a, b, z] is the Kummer confluent hypergeometric function Hypergeometric1F1[a,b,z].
- [Hypergeometric1F1Regularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric1F1Regularized.en.md): Hypergeometric1F1Regularized[a, b, z] is the regularized confluent hypergeometric function Hypergeometric1F1[a,b,z]/Gamma[b].
- [Hypergeometric2F1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric2F1.en.md): Hypergeometric2F1[a, b, c, z] is the hypergeometric function Hypergeometric2F1[a,b,c,z].
- [Hypergeometric2F1Regularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hypergeometric2F1Regularized.en.md): Hypergeometric2F1Regularized[a, b, c, z] is the regularized hypergeometric function Hypergeometric2F1[a,b,c,z]/Gamma[c].
- [HypergeometricDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypergeometricDistribution.en.md): HypergeometricDistribution[n, nsucc, ntot] represents a hypergeometric distribution.
- [HypergeometricPFQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypergeometricPFQ.en.md): HypergeometricPFQ[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, z] is the generalized hypergeometric function p Fq (a; b; z).
- [HypergeometricPFQRegularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypergeometricPFQRegularized.en.md): HypergeometricPFQRegularized[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, z] is the regularized generalized hypergeometric function p Fq (a; b; z)/(\\[CapitalGamma](b1) ... \\[CapitalGamma](bq)).
- [HypergeometricU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypergeometricU.en.md): HypergeometricU[a, b, z] is the Tricomi confluent hypergeometric function HypergeometricU[a,b,z].
- [HyperHarmonicNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HyperHarmonicNumber.en.md): HyperHarmonicNumber[p, n] gives the n^th hyperharmonic number p of level p. HyperHarmonicNumber[p, n, r] gives the n^th hyperharmonic number HyperHarmonicNumber[p, n, r] of level p with order r. HyperHarmonicNumber[p, n, r, s] gives the n^th hyperharmonic number HyperHarmonicNumber[p, n, r, s] of level p with order r and decoration value s.
- [HyperlinkAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HyperlinkAction.en.md): HyperlinkAction is an option for Hyperlink that controls the behavior of following links in cloud notebooks.
- [Hyperlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperlink.en.md): Hyperlink[uri] represents a hyperlink that jumps to the specified URI when clicked. Hyperlink[label, uri] represents a hyperlink to be displayed as label.
- [Hyperplane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperplane.en.md): Hyperplane[n, p] represents the hyperplane with normal n passing through the point p. Hyperplane[n, c] represents the hyperplane with normal n given by the points x that satisfy n . x == c.
- [Hyphenation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyphenation.en.md): Hyphenation is an option for Cell that specifies whether to allow hyphenation for words of text.
- [HypoexponentialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypoexponentialDistribution.en.md): HypoexponentialDistribution[{\\[Lambda]1, ..., \\[Lambda]m}] represents an m-phase hypoexponential distribution with rates \\[Lambda]1, ..., \\[Lambda]m.
- [HypothesisTestData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HypothesisTestData.en.md): HypothesisTestData[...] represents hypothesis test data such as generated by DistributionFitTest, AndersonDarlingTest, etc.
- [IconData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IconData.en.md): IconData[type, value] generates an icon of the specified type assuming the value given.
- [Iconize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Iconize.en.md): Iconize[expr] gives an iconized form that can be used to stand in for expr in notebook input. Iconize[expr,  name] displays with the specified name in the icon.
- [IconRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IconRules.en.md): IconRules is an option for CloudObject and related objects that specifies icons to use in different environments to represent an object.
- [Icosahedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Icosahedron.en.md): Icosahedron[] represents a regular icosahedron centered at the origin with unit edge length. Icosahedron[l] represents an icosahedron with edge length l. Icosahedron[{\\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] represents an icosahedron rotated by an angle \\[Theta] with respect to the z axis and angle \\[Phi] with respect to the y axis. Icosahedron[{x, y, z}, ...] represents an icosahedron centered at {x, y, z}.
- [Identity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Identity.en.md): Identity[expr] gives expr (the identity operation).
- [IdentityMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IdentityMatrix.en.md): IdentityMatrix[n] gives the n*n identity matrix. IdentityMatrix[{m, n}] gives the m*n identity matrix.
- [I](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/I.en.md): I represents the imaginary unit Sqrt[-1].
- [IfCompiled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IfCompiled.en.md): IfCompiled[comp, uncomp] gives comp when compiled and uncomp when evaluated.
- [If](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/If.en.md): If[condition, t, f] gives t if condition evaluates to True, and f if it evaluates to False. If[condition, t, f, u] gives u if condition evaluates to neither True nor False.
- [IgnoreCase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IgnoreCase.en.md): IgnoreCase is an option for string manipulation and searching functions that specifies whether lowercase and uppercase letters should be treated as equivalent.
- [IgnoreDiacritics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IgnoreDiacritics.en.md): IgnoreDiacritics is an option for string, grammar, and related functions that specifies whether diacritics should be ignored in strings.
- [IgnoreIsotopes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IgnoreIsotopes.en.md): IgnoreIsotopes is an option for MoleculeMatchQ that determines whether isotopes should be ignored for pattern matching.
- [IgnorePunctuation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IgnorePunctuation.en.md): IgnorePunctuation is an option for AlphabeticSort and related functions that specifies whether to consider punctuation in determining sorting order.
- [IgnoreStereochemistry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IgnoreStereochemistry.en.md): IgnoreStereochemistry is an option for MoleculeMatchQ that determines whether stereochemistry should be ignored for pattern matching.
- [IgnoringInactive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IgnoringInactive.en.md): IgnoringInactive[patt] is a pattern object that, for purposes of pattern matching, ignores occurrences of Inactive in both patt and the expression being matched.
- [Image3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image3D.en.md): Image3D[data] represents a 3D image with pixel values given by the array data. Image3D[{image1, image2, ...}] creates a 3D image from a list of 2D images. Image3D[obj,  type] creates a 3D image of the specified data type.
- [Image3DProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image3DProjection.en.md): Image3DProjection[image] takes a 3D image and returns a 2D image of maximum projection onto the x-y plane. Image3DProjection[image, dir] performs a projection in the direction specified by dir. Image3DProjection[image, dir, mode] specifies the projection mode.
- [Image3DSlices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image3DSlices.en.md): Image3DSlices[image] gives a list of 2D images corresponding to the slices in the Image3D object image. Image3DSlices[image, n] gives the n^th slice as a 2D image. Image3DSlices[image, {s1, s2, ...}] extracts the specified slices si. Image3DSlices[image, sm ;; sn] extracts slices sm through sn. Image3DSlices[image, ..., d] takes slices in dimension d.
- [ImageAccumulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAccumulate.en.md): ImageAccumulate[image] gives an image in which each pixel represents a sum of all pixels below and to the left of that pixel in image.
- [ImageAdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdd.en.md): ImageAdd[image, x] adds an amount x to each channel value in image. ImageAdd[image1, image2] gives an image in which each pixel is the sum of the corresponding pixels in image1 and image2. ImageAdd[image, expr1, expr2, ...] adds all expri to image, where each expri can be either an image, a number, or a color value.
- [ImageAdjust](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdjust.en.md): ImageAdjust[image] adjusts the levels in image, rescaling them to cover the range 0 to 1. ImageAdjust[image, corr] adjusts the image according to the correction specification corr. ImageAdjust[image, corr, {inmin, inmax}] first rescales so that the range of input values inmin to inmax is mapped to 0 to 1. ImageAdjust[image, corr, {inmin, inmax}, {outmin, outmax}] rescales so that the range of input values inmin to inmax is mapped to outmin to outmax.
- [ImageAlign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAlign.en.md): ImageAlign[ref, image] returns a version of image that is aligned with the reference image ref. ImageAlign[ref, {image1, ..., imagen}] gives the result of aligning each of the imagei with the reference image ref. ImageAlign[{image1, ..., imagen}] uses image1 as the reference image.
- [ImageApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageApply.en.md): ImageApply[f, image] applies the function f to the list of channel values for each pixel in image. ImageApply[f, {image1, image2, ...}] applies f to the sequence of corresponding pixel values taken from each imagei.
- [ImageApplyIndexed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageApplyIndexed.en.md): ImageApplyIndexed[f, image] applies the function f to the list of channel values for each pixel in image, giving the row and column index of each pixel as a second argument to f. ImageApplyIndexed[f, {image1, image2, ...}] applies f to the sequence of corresponding pixel values taken from each imagei, giving the corresponding row and column index of pixels as the last argument to f.
- [ImageAspectRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAspectRatio.en.md): ImageAspectRatio[image] gives the ratio of height to width for image. ImageAspectRatio[video] gives the aspect ratio of video frames.
- [ImageAssemble](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAssemble.en.md): ImageAssemble[{{im11, ..., im 1 n}, ..., {im m1, ..., immn}}] assembles a single image from an array of images. ImageAssemble[{{im11, ..., im 1 n}, ..., {im m1, ..., immn}}, fitting] assembles images using the fitting method.
- [ImageAugmentationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAugmentationLayer.en.md): ImageAugmentationLayer[{h, w}] represents a net layer that applies random image transformations to produce images of height h and width w.
- [ImageBoundingBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageBoundingBoxes.en.md): ImageBoundingBoxes[image] gives an association of lists of bounding boxes for each identified category of objects in image. ImageBoundingBoxes[image, category] gives a list of bounding boxes for subimages identified as an instance of the specified category. ImageBoundingBoxes[video, ...] gives a time series of detected bounding boxes in frames of video.
- [ImageCapture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCapture.en.md): ImageCapture[] opens a graphical user interface for capturing images from connected cameras.
- [ImageCaptureFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCaptureFunction.en.md): ImageCaptureFunction is an option for ImageCapture that specifies the function to apply to images acquired by the imaging device.
- [ImageCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCases.en.md): ImageCases[image] gives an association of lists of subimages for each identified category of objects in image. ImageCases[image, category] gives a list of subimages identified as an instance of the specified category. ImageCases[image, category -> prop] gives the specified property prop for each identified subimage. ImageCases[image, {category1, category2, ...}] gives an association with lists of subimages identified as being instances of each of the categoryi. ImageCases[video, ...] gives ...
- [ImageChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageChannels.en.md): ImageChannels[image] gives the number of channels present in the data for the Image or Image3D object image. ImageChannels[video] gives the number of channels present in frames of a video.
- [ImageClip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageClip.en.md): ImageClip[image] clips all channel values in image to lie in the default range. ImageClip[image, {min, max}] clips channel values to lie in the range from min to max. ImageClip[image, {min, max}, {vmin, vmax}] gives vmin for values below min and vmax for values above max.
- [ImageCollage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCollage.en.md): ImageCollage[{image1, image2, ...}] creates a collage of images imagei. ImageCollage[{w1 -> image1, w2 -> image2, ...}] creates a collage of images imagei based on their corresponding weights wi. ImageCollage[<|image1 -> w1, image2 -> w2, ...|>] also creates a collage of images imagei based on their corresponding weights wi. ImageCollage[{w1, w2, ...} -> {image1, image2, ...}] also creates a collage of images imagei based on their corresponding weights wi. ...
- [ImageColorSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageColorSpace.en.md): ImageColorSpace[image] gives the name of the color space of image.
- [ImageCompose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCompose.en.md): ImageCompose[image, overlay] gives the result of overlaying overlay onto image. ImageCompose[image, {overlay, \\[Alpha]}] gives the result of alpha blending overlay into image using blending fraction \\[Alpha]. ImageCompose[image, overlay, pos] places the center of overlay at position pos in image. ImageCompose[image, overlay, pos, opos] places the point opos in overlay at position pos in image. ImageCompose[image, overlay, pos, opos, {fi, fo, mode}] uses the compositing fractions fk and the ...
- [ImageContainsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageContainsQ.en.md): ImageContainsQ[image, category] returns True if an instance of the specified category is detected in image. ImageContainsQ[image, {category1, category2, ...}] returns True if at least one instance of each of the categoryi is detected in image. ImageContainsQ[image, category1 | category2 | ...] returns True if image contains an instance of at least one of categoryi. ImageContainsQ[video, ...] returns a time series of Boolean values for every frame of video.
- [ImageContents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageContents.en.md): ImageContents[image] gives a dataset of identified entities in image. ImageContents[image, category] gives a dataset that only contains entities in the specified category. ImageContents[image, category, prop] includes the properties prop for each identified object. ImageContents[video, ...] gives a time series of detected objects in frames of video.
- [ImageConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageConvolve.en.md): ImageConvolve[image, ker] gives the convolution of image with kernel ker.
- [ImageCooccurrence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCooccurrence.en.md): ImageCooccurrence[image, n] gives the n*n co-occurrence matrix for image. ImageCooccurrence[image, n, ker] computes a co-occurrence matrix for arbitrary spatial relationships specified by a kernel ker.
- [ImageCorners](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCorners.en.md): ImageCorners[image] finds corners in image and returns their coordinates. ImageCorners[image, r] finds corners at a pixel range r. ImageCorners[image, r, t] uses a threshold t for selecting corners. ImageCorners[image, r, t, d] returns corners that are at least d + 1 pixels apart. ImageCorners[video, ...] returns corners in frames of video.
- [ImageCorrelate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCorrelate.en.md): ImageCorrelate[image, ker] gives the correlation of image with kernel ker. ImageCorrelate[image, ker, f] computes a generalized correlation in which the function f is used in place of Dot.
- [ImageCorrespondingPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCorrespondingPoints.en.md): ImageCorrespondingPoints[image1, image2] finds a set of matching interest points in image1 and image2 and returns their pixel coordinates.
- [ImageCrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCrop.en.md): ImageCrop[image] crops image by removing borders of uniform color. ImageCrop[image, size] crops image based on the size specification size. ImageCrop[image, size, spec] crops image by removing pixels from sides specified by spec. ImageCrop[video, ...] crops frames of video.
- [ImageData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageData.en.md): ImageData[image] gives the array of pixel values in an Image or Image3D object image. ImageData[image,  type] gives the array of pixel values converted to the specified type.
- [ImageDeconvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDeconvolve.en.md): ImageDeconvolve[image, ker] gives a deconvolution of image using kernel ker.
- [ImageDemosaic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDemosaic.en.md): ImageDemosaic[image, cfa] reconstructs a color image using the specified color filter array cfa. ImageDemosaic[image, {cfa, {row, col}}] aligns the top-left pixel of the pattern with the {row, col} pixel of image.
- [ImageDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDifference.en.md): ImageDifference[image1, image2] gives an image in which each pixel is the absolute difference of the corresponding pixels in image1 and image2.
- [ImageDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDimensions.en.md): ImageDimensions[image] gives the pixel dimensions of an Image or Image3D object image. ImageDimensions[video] gives the pixel dimensions of the first video track of the Video object video.
- [ImageDisplacements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDisplacements.en.md): ImageDisplacements[{image1, image2, ..., imagen}] gives estimated horizontal and vertical displacements between consecutive images. ImageDisplacements[video] gives displacements between consecutive video frames. ImageDisplacements[input, flow] uses flow as an initial estimate for displacement between first two images or video frames.
- [ImageDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDistance.en.md): ImageDistance[image1, image2] returns a distance measure between image1 and image2. ImageDistance[image1, image2, pos] places the center of image2 at position pos in image1. ImageDistance[image1, image2, pos1, pos2] places the point pos2 of image2 at position pos1 in image1.
- [ImageEffect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageEffect.en.md): ImageEffect[image,  effect] applies the specified image effect to image. ImageEffect[image, {effect, params}] uses parameters params. ImageEffect[video, ...] applies the image effect to frames of video.
- [Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.en.md): Image[data] represents a raster image with pixel values given by the array data. Image[graphics] creates a raster image from a graphics object. Image[obj, options] gives an image that uses the specified options.
- [ImageExposureCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageExposureCombine.en.md): ImageExposureCombine[{image1, image2, ...}] combines differently exposed images imagei of the same scene into a single image with overall good exposure. ImageExposureCombine[{image1, image2, ...}, mode] creates a low or a high dynamic range image based on the specified mode.
- [ImageFeatureTrack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFeatureTrack.en.md): ImageFeatureTrack[{image1, image2, ..., imagen}] tracks features from image1 through imagen. ImageFeatureTrack[video] tracks features in frames of video. ImageFeatureTrack[input, pts] tracks features starting from the initial set of points pts in the first image or video frame.
- [ImageFileApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFileApply.en.md): ImageFileApply[f, inputfile, outputfile] applies the function f to the list of channel values for each pixel of the image stored in inputfile and stores the result in outputfile.
- [ImageFileFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFileFilter.en.md): ImageFileFilter[f, inputfile, r, outputfile] applies the function f to the range r neighborhood of each pixel in each channel of the image stored in inputfile and stores the result in outputfile.
- [ImageFileScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFileScan.en.md): ImageFileScan[f, inputfile] applies the function f to the list of channel values for each pixel of the image stored in inputfile.
- [ImageFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFilter.en.md): ImageFilter[f, image, r] applies the function f to the range-r neighborhood of each pixel in each channel of image.
- [ImageFocusCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFocusCombine.en.md): ImageFocusCombine[{image1, image2, ...}] combines differently focused images imagei of the same scene to obtain a single well-focused image.
- [ImageForestingComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageForestingComponents.en.md): ImageForestingComponents[image] finds a segmentation of image, returning an integer matrix in which positive integers label different components. ImageForestingComponents[image, marker] tries to find a segmentation into components that include pixels indicated by marker. ImageForestingComponents[image, marker, r] finds components that are connected at a pixel scale given by r. ImageForestingComponents[video, ...] computes components for each frame in video.
- [ImageFormattingWidth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageFormattingWidth.en.md): ImageFormattingWidth is an option that specifies the target width at which to wrap when formatting an object.
- [ImageForwardTransformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageForwardTransformation.en.md): ImageForwardTransformation[image, f] gives an image in which each pixel at position f[{x, y}] corresponds to the position {x, y} in image. ImageForwardTransformation[image, f, size] gives an image of the specified size. ImageForwardTransformation[video, ...] transforms frames of a video.
- [ImageGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageGraphics.en.md): ImageGraphics[image] returns the content of image in the form of scalable vector graphics. ImageGraphics[image, n] uses up to n colors for the vector graphics. ImageGraphics[image, colors] creates vector graphics containing the specified colors.
- [ImageHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageHistogram.en.md): ImageHistogram[image] plots a histogram of the pixel levels for each channel in image. ImageHistogram[image, bspec] uses bin specification bspec. ImageHistogram[image, bspec, range] plots the histogram of the pixel values in the given range.
- [ImageIdentify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageIdentify.en.md): ImageIdentify[image] yields the result of attempting to identify what image is a picture of. ImageIdentify[image, category] restricts the identification of image to objects within the specified category. ImageIdentify[image, category, n] gives a list of up to n possible identifications. ImageIdentify[image, category, n,  prop] gives the specified property for each identification. ImageIdentify[video, ...] returns a time series of identifications for video frames.
- [ImageInstanceQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageInstanceQ.en.md): ImageInstanceQ[image, obj] gives True if image appears to be an instance of the object obj, and gives False otherwise. ImageInstanceQ[image, obj, cat] assumes that the image is of something in the category cat. ImageInstanceQ[video, ...] returns a time series of results for video frames.
- [ImageKeypoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageKeypoints.en.md): ImageKeypoints[image] finds key features in image and returns their coordinates. ImageKeypoints[image, prop] gives the specified property prop for each keypoint. ImageKeypoints[video, ...] finds keypoints in frames of video.
- [ImageLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageLabels.en.md): ImageLabels is an option for image highlighting that specifies what labels to use for each highlighted feature.
- [ImageLegends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageLegends.en.md): ImageLegends is an option for image highlighting that specifies what legends to use.
- [ImageLevels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageLevels.en.md): ImageLevels[image] gives a list of pixel values and counts for each channel in image. ImageLevels[image, bspec] bins pixel values using bin specification bspec. ImageLevels[image, bspec, range] gives counts for bins in the given range.
- [ImageLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageLines.en.md): ImageLines[image] finds line segments in image and returns the coordinates of their endpoints. ImageLines[image, t] uses the threshold t for selecting image lines. ImageLines[image, t, d] uses the parameter d to control the distinctness of the detected lines. ImageLines[video, ...] finds lines in frames of video.
- [ImageMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMargins.en.md): ImageMargins is an option that specifies the absolute margins to leave around the image displayed for an object.
- [ImageMarker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMarker.en.md): ImageMarker[pos] is a HighlightImage specification that represents a marker at position pos. ImageMarker[pos, marker] represents a custom marker at position pos. ImageMarker[{pos1, pos2, ...}, ...] represents multiple marker positions posi.
- [ImageMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMeasurements.en.md): ImageMeasurements[image,  prop] returns the value of property  prop for the entire image. ImageMeasurements[image,  prop, format] returns the values in the specified output format. ImageMeasurements[{image1, image2, ...}, ...] returns measurements for all imagei.
- [ImageMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMesh.en.md): ImageMesh[image] returns the foreground region in image as a BoundaryMeshRegion object.
- [ImageMultiply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMultiply.en.md): ImageMultiply[image, x] multiplies each channel value in image by a factor x. ImageMultiply[image1, image2] gives an image in which each pixel is the product of the corresponding pixels in image1 and image2. ImageMultiply[image, expr1, expr2, ...] multiplies all expri with image, where each expri can be either an image, a number, or a color value.
- [ImagePadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePadding.en.md): ImagePadding is an option for graphics functions that specifies what absolute extra padding should be left for extended objects such as thick lines and annotations such as tick and axis labels.
- [ImagePad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePad.en.md): ImagePad[image, m] pads image on all sides with m background pixels. ImagePad[image, m, padding] pads image on all sides using the value or method specified by padding. ImagePad[image, {{left, right}, {bottom, top}}, ...] pads image with the specified numbers of pixels on each side. ImagePad[image, {{left, right}, {front, back}, {bottom, top}}, ...] pads a 3D image with the specified numbers of pixels. ImagePad[video, ...] pads frames of video.
- [ImagePartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePartition.en.md): ImagePartition[image, s] partitions an image into an array of s*s-pixel subimages. ImagePartition[image, {w, h}] partitions an image into an array of subimages of pixel width w and pixel height h. ImagePartition[image, {w, h}, {dw, dh}] uses pixel offsets dw and dh.
- [ImagePeriodogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePeriodogram.en.md): ImagePeriodogram[image] shows the squared magnitude of the discrete Fourier transform (power spectrum) of image. ImagePeriodogram[image, n] shows the average of power spectra of non-overlapping partitions of size n*n. ImagePeriodogram[image, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. ImagePeriodogram[image, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. ImagePeriodogram[image, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform.
- [ImagePerspectiveTransformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePerspectiveTransformation.en.md): ImagePerspectiveTransformation[image, m] applies a linear fractional transform specified by a matrix m to the positions of each pixel in image. ImagePerspectiveTransformation[image, tf] uses the TransformationFunction given by tf. ImagePerspectiveTransformation[image, ..., size] gives an image of the specified size. ImagePerspectiveTransformation[video, ...] transforms frames of a video.
- [ImagePosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePosition.en.md): ImagePosition[image] gives an association of image positions for each identified category of objects in image. ImagePosition[image, obj] gives a list of image positions for subimages identified as instances of the specified category. ImagePosition[video, ...] gives a time series of detected object positions in frames of video.
- [ImagePreviewFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePreviewFunction.en.md): ImagePreviewFunction is an option for CurrentImage and similar functions that specifies the function to apply to images before being displayed.
- [ImagePyramidApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePyramidApply.en.md): ImagePyramidApply[f, pyr] applies f to all images in the ImagePyramid object pyr. ImagePyramidApply[f, {pyr1, pyr2, ...}] applies f to the sequence of corresponding levels taken from each pyri.
- [ImagePyramid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePyramid.en.md): ImagePyramid[image] creates a Gaussian image pyramid formed from image. ImagePyramid[image, pyrtype] returns a Gaussian or Laplacian pyramid depending of the specified pyrtype. ImagePyramid[image, pyrtype, n] returns up to n levels of the pyramid. ImagePyramid[image, pyrtype, {size}] returns pyramid levels down to image dimensions given by size. ImagePyramid[image, pyrtype, n, s] returns a pyramid with successive levels downsampled by factor s.
- [ImageQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageQ.en.md): ImageQ[image] yields True if image has the form of a valid Image or Image3D object, and False otherwise.
- [ImageRecolor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRecolor.en.md): ImageRecolor[image, region -> color] recolors pixels in image specified by region using the specified color. ImageRecolor[image, {region1 -> color1, ...}] recolors multiple regions. ImageRecolor[video, ...] recolors frames of a video.
- [ImageReflect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageReflect.en.md): ImageReflect[image] reverses image by top-bottom mirror reflection. ImageReflect[image, side] reverses image by reflecting it so that the specified side goes to the opposite side. ImageReflect[image, side1 -> side2] reflects image so that side1 is interchanged with side2. ImageReflect[video, ...] reflects frames of video.
- [ImageRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRegion.en.md): ImageRegion is an option for cells that specifies the size and position of the bounding box within which a graphic is rendered.
- [ImageResize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageResize.en.md): ImageResize[image, width] gives a resized version of image that is width pixels wide. ImageResize[image, {size}] gives a resized version of image with a maximum pixel width or height given by size. ImageResize[image, {width, height}] gives a resized version of image that has exactly the specified pixel width and height. ImageResize[video, ...] gives a video in which every frame is resized. ImageResize[image, {width, depth, height}] gives a resized version of a 3D image with the specified ...
- [ImageResolution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageResolution.en.md): ImageResolution is an option for Export, Rasterize, and related functions that specifies at what resolution bitmap images should be rendered.
- [ImageRestyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRestyle.en.md): ImageRestyle[image, sample] attempts to restyle image so as to follow the graphical style of sample. ImageRestyle[image, w -> sample] uses restyle weighting w. ImageRestyle[image, {sample1, ...}] attempts to restyle image using a blend of the graphical styles of the samplei. ImageRestyle[image, {w1 -> sample1, ...}] uses weightings wi for the samplei.
- [ImageRotated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRotated.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ImageRotated has been superseded by the ImageTopOrientation element specification.
- [ImageRotate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRotate.en.md): ImageRotate[image] rotates image by 90° about its center in the x-y plane. ImageRotate[image, \\[Theta]] rotates image by \\[Theta] radians. ImageRotate[image, {\\[Theta], w}] rotates a 3D image around the 3D vector w. ImageRotate[image, ..., size] gives an image of the specified size. ImageRotate[video, ...] rotate frames of video.
- [ImageSaliencyFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSaliencyFilter.en.md): ImageSaliencyFilter[image] returns a saliency map for image.
- [ImageScaled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageScaled.en.md): ImageScaled[{x, y}] gives the position of a graphical object in terms of coordinates scaled to run from 0 to 1 across the whole image region in each direction. ImageScaled[{dx, dy}, {x0, y0}] gives a position obtained by starting at ordinary coordinates {x0, y0}, then moving by an image-scaled offset {dx, dy}.
- [ImageScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageScan.en.md): ImageScan[f, image] evaluates f applied to each pixel of image in turn.
- [ImageSegmentationComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSegmentationComponents.en.md): ImageSegmentationComponents[image] performs a global segmentation of image and returns a label matrix of components. ImageSegmentationComponents[image, spec] segments an image into components based on the given spec. ImageSegmentationComponents[video, ...] segments frames of video.
- [ImageSegmentationFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSegmentationFilter.en.md): ImageSegmentationFilter[image, marker] segments part of image specified by marker and returns an image mask.
- [ImageSizeAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSizeAction.en.md): ImageSizeAction is an option for Pane and related constructs that specifies what to do if the specified ImageSize setting does not match the size of the contents.
- [ImageSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSize.en.md): ImageSize is an option that specifies the overall size of an image to display for an object.
- [ImageSizeMultipliers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSizeMultipliers.en.md): ImageSizeMultipliers is an option that specifies how much smaller to render graphics that appear within other constructs.
- [ImageStitch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageStitch.en.md): ImageStitch[{image1, image2, ...}] gives a composed image from an unordered list of imagei. ImageStitch[{{image11, image12, ...}, {image21, image22, ...}, ...}] returns a stitched image from a matrix of images imageij, according to their array position. ImageStitch[images, canvas] projects the stitched image onto the geometry specified by canvas.
- [ImageSubtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSubtract.en.md): ImageSubtract[image, x] subtracts a constant amount x from each channel value in image. ImageSubtract[image1, image2] gives an image in which each pixel is obtained by subtracting the values of the corresponding pixels in image1 and image2. ImageSubtract[image, expr1, expr2, ...] subtracts all expri from image, where each expri can be either an image, a number, or a color value.
- [ImageSynthesize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSynthesize.en.md): ImageSynthesize[text] generates an image based on the textual description text. ImageSynthesize[image] generates a new image based on image. ImageSynthesize[spec, n] generates n images based on the specification spec.
- [ImageTake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageTake.en.md): ImageTake[image, n] gives an image consisting of the first n rows of image. ImageTake[image, -n] gives an image consisting of the last n rows of image. ImageTake[image, {row1, row2}] gives rows row1 through row2. ImageTake[image, {row1, row2}, {col1, col2}] gives the image that spans row1 to row2 and col1 to col2. ImageTake[video, ...] returns a video in which every frame consists of the specified region of interest. ImageTake[image3d, {slice1, slice2}, {row1, row2}, {col1, col2}] gives the 3D ...
- [ImageTransformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageTransformation.en.md): ImageTransformation[image, f] gives an image in which each pixel at position p corresponds to the position f[p] in image. ImageTransformation[image, f, size] gives an image of the specified size. ImageTransformation[video, ...] transforms frames of a video.
- [ImageTrim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageTrim.en.md): ImageTrim[image, roi] gives the smallest subimage of image that includes the specified region of interest roi. ImageTrim[image, roi, r] adds a margin of size r back to the resulting image. ImageTrim[image, {roi1, roi2, ...}, ...] extracts multiple subimages specified by roii from image. ImageTrim[video, ...] extracts the subimages from video.
- [ImageType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageType.en.md): ImageType[image] gives the underlying type of values used for each pixel element in the Image or Image3D object image.
- [ImageValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageValue.en.md): ImageValue[image, pos] gives the interpolated value of image at position pos. ImageValue[image, pos,  type] gives the value converted to the specified type.
- [ImageValuePositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageValuePositions.en.md): ImageValuePositions[image, val] returns a list of pixel positions in image that exactly match the value val. ImageValuePositions[image, val, d] returns all pixel positions that have values within a distance d from val.
- [ImageVectorscopePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageVectorscopePlot.en.md): ImageVectorscopePlot[image] plots the chrominance of image.
- [ImageWaveformPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageWaveformPlot.en.md): ImageWaveformPlot[image] plots the waveform of image. ImageWaveformPlot[image, colorspace] plots the waveform of image in colorspace. ImageWaveformPlot[image, channel] plots the waveform for the specified channel.
- [ImagingDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagingDevice.en.md): ImagingDevice is an option to specify what device to use for capturing images.
- [Im](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Im.en.md): Im[z] gives the imaginary part of the complex number z.
- [ImplicitD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImplicitD.en.md): ImplicitD[eqn, y, x] gives the partial derivative \\[PartialD]y/\\[PartialD]x, assuming that the variable y represents an implicit function defined by the equation eqn. ImplicitD[f, eqn, y, x] gives the partial derivative \\[PartialD]f/\\[PartialD]x, assuming that the variable y represents an implicit function defined by the equation eqn. ImplicitD[f, {eqn1, ..., eqnk}, {y1, ..., yk}, x] gives the partial derivative \\[PartialD]f/\\[PartialD]x, assuming that the variables y1, ..., yk represent ...
- [ImplicitRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImplicitRegion.en.md): ImplicitRegion[cond, {x1, ..., xn}] represents a region in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n that satisfies the conditions cond. ImplicitRegion[cond, {{x1, a1, b1}, ...}] represents a region in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n that satisfies the conditions cond as well as a1 <= x1 <= b1 etc.
- [Implies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Implies.en.md): Implies[p, q] represents the logical implication p \\[DoubleRightArrow] q.
- [ImportAutoReplacements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportAutoReplacements.en.md): ImportAutoReplacements is an option for cells that specifies which replacement rules the Wolfram Language automatically applies when importing text.
- [ImportByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportByteArray.en.md): ImportByteArray[ba,  format] imports data in the specified format from a ByteArray object. ImportByteArray[ba, elements] imports the specified elements. ImportByteArray[ba] attempts to determine the format automatically.
- [ImportedObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportedObject.en.md): ImportedObject[...] represents a piece of imported data that has no special representation in the Wolfram Language.
- [Import](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Import.en.md): Import[source] imports data from source, returning a Wolfram Language representation of it. Import[source,  fmt] takes the file to be in the specified format  fmt. Import[source, elements] imports the specified elements from a file. Import[source, ..., options] uses the specified options.
- [ImportOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportOptions.en.md): ImportOptions is an option for Interpreter and related functions that specifies what options should be used in importing data.
- [ImportString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImportString.en.md): ImportString[data,  format] imports data in the specified format from a string. ImportString[data, elements] imports the specified elements. ImportString[data] attempts to determine the format of the string from its contents.
- [ImprovementImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImprovementImportance.en.md): ImprovementImportance[rdist, t] gives the improvement importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. ImprovementImportance[fdist, t] gives the improvement importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [Inactivate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inactivate.en.md): Inactivate[expr] replaces all instances of f with Inactive[f] for symbols f used as heads in expr. Inactivate[expr, patt] inactivates all symbols in expr that match the pattern patt.
- [Inactive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inactive.en.md): Inactive[f] is an inactive form of f.
- [IncidenceGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncidenceGraph.en.md): IncidenceGraph[m] gives the graph with incidence matrix m. IncidenceGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, m] gives the graph with vertices vi and incidence matrix m.
- [IncidenceList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncidenceList.en.md): IncidenceList[g, v] gives a list of edges incident to vertex v. IncidenceList[g, patt] gives a list of edges incident to vertices that match the pattern patt. IncidenceList[g, patt, d] gives a list of incident edges d steps away. IncidenceList[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [IncidenceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncidenceMatrix.en.md): IncidenceMatrix[g] gives the vertex-edge incidence matrix of the graph g. IncidenceMatrix[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [IncludeAromaticBonds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeAromaticBonds.en.md): IncludeAromaticBonds is an option for Molecule that specifies whether aromatic bonds should be detected and labeled.
- [IncludeConstantBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeConstantBasis.en.md): IncludeConstantBasis is an option for LinearModelFit and other fitting functions that specifies whether a constant term should be included if not explicitly given in the list of basis functions.
- [IncludedContexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludedContexts.en.md): IncludedContexts is an option for FullDefinition, Manipulate and related symbols that gives contexts whose symbols will have their definitions recursively saved.
- [IncludeDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeDefinitions.en.md): IncludeDefinitions is an option for cloud and other functions that specifies whether current definitions relevant for the evaluation of an expression should be explicitly included when the expression is deployed.
- [IncludeDirectories](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeDirectories.en.md): IncludeDirectories is an option that specifies whether directories are included in evaluations.
- [IncludeFileExtension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeFileExtension.en.md): IncludeFileExtension is an option for notebooks that specifies whether the suffix .nb is automatically appended to a notebook's name when it is first saved.
- [IncludeGeneratorTasks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeGeneratorTasks.en.md): IncludeGeneratorTasks is an option controlling the scope of scheduled task listings.
- [IncludeGroupAggregates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeGroupAggregates.en.md): IncludeGroupAggregates is an option of PivotTable that specifies whether to add rows and columns with group aggregates.
- [IncludeHydrogens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeHydrogens.en.md): IncludeHydrogens is an option that specifies whether hydrogen atoms should be explicitly included in the results.
- [IncludeInflections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeInflections.en.md): IncludeInflections is an option for linguistic functions that specifies whether inflected forms of words should be included in results.
- [IncludeMetaInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeMetaInformation.en.md): IncludeMetaInformation is an option for Import, Thumbnail, and other functions to specify what types of metadata to include.
- [IncludeOuterFace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeOuterFace.en.md): IncludeOuterFace is an option that specifies whether the outer face should be included in the results.
- [IncludePods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludePods.en.md): IncludePods is an option for WolframAlpha that determines specific pod IDs to include in the results.
- [IncludeQuantities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeQuantities.en.md): IncludeQuantities is an option for DimensionalCombinations for additional quantities to include in the result.
- [IncludeRelatedTables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeRelatedTables.en.md): IncludeRelatedTables is an option for RelationalDatabase that specifies whether to include tables specified in foreign keys.
- [IncludeSingularSolutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeSingularSolutions.en.md): IncludeSingularSolutions is an option for DSolve that specifies whether singular solutions should be returned along with the general solution for a nonlinear ordinary differential equation.
- [IncludeWaters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeWaters.en.md): IncludeWaters is an option that specifies whether disconnected water molecules should be included in the results.
- [IncludeWindowTimes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncludeWindowTimes.en.md): IncludeWindowTimes is an option to TimeSeriesWindow that specifies whether the endpoints in the time window should be included.
- [IncrementalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncrementalFunction.en.md): IncrementalFunction[fun] represents a compilable function that can pause its execution, storing its state to be resumed later.
- [IncrementalObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncrementalObject.en.md): IncrementalObject[name][arg1, arg2, ...] creates an incremental object of the specified name. IncrementalObject[name, data] represents an incremental object that returns values one at a time.
- [IncrementalReceive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncrementalReceive.en.md): IncrementalReceive[default] pauses the enclosing incremental function and on resumption returns the value from Send or default.
- [IncrementalYield](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IncrementalYield.en.md): IncrementalYield[e] pauses the enclosing incremental function that yields e.
- [Increment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Increment.en.md): x++ increases the value of x by 1, returning the old value of x.
- [IndefiniteMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndefiniteMatrixQ.en.md): IndefiniteMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly indefinite, and False otherwise.
- [IndependenceTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndependenceTest.en.md): IndependenceTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are independent. IndependenceTest[m1, m2] tests whether the matrices m1 and m2 are independent. IndependenceTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [IndependentEdgeSetQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndependentEdgeSetQ.en.md): IndependentEdgeSetQ[g, elist] yields True if the edge list elist is an independent edge set of the graph g, and False otherwise.
- [IndependentPhysicalQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndependentPhysicalQuantity.en.md): IndependentPhysicalQuantity[string] represents a physical quantity string with no relationship to other physical quantities used in QuantityVariable.
- [IndependentUnitDimension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndependentUnitDimension.en.md): IndependentUnitDimension[dim] represents the base dimension dim associated with an independent physical quantity or unit.
- [IndependentUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndependentUnit.en.md): IndependentUnit[string] represents a unit string with no relationship to other units within a Quantity.
- [IndependentVertexSetQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndependentVertexSetQ.en.md): IndependentVertexSetQ[g, vlist] yields True if the vertex list vlist is an independent vertex set in the graph g, and False otherwise.
- [Indeterminate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Indeterminate.en.md): Indeterminate is a symbol that represents a numerical quantity whose magnitude cannot be determined.
- [IndeterminateThreshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndeterminateThreshold.en.md): IndeterminateThreshold is an option for Classify, Predict, and related functions that specifies below what probability or probability density a result should be considered indeterminate.
- [Indexed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Indexed.en.md): Indexed[expr, i] represents the component of expr with index i and formats as expri. Indexed[expr, {i, j, ...}] represents the component with indices i, j, ... and formats as expr i, j, ....
- [IndexEdgeTaggedGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndexEdgeTaggedGraph.en.md): IndexEdgeTaggedGraph[g] sets tags of edges in the graph g to their edge indices. IndexEdgeTaggedGraph[g, r] sets tags of edges to r, r + 1, ...
- [IndexGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IndexGraph.en.md): IndexGraph[g] replaces the vertices of the graph g by its vertex indices. IndexGraph[g, r] replaces the vertices with integers r, r + 1, .... IndexGraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [In](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/In.en.md): In[n] is a global object that is assigned to have a delayed value of the n^th input line.
- [InertEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InertEvaluate.en.md): InertEvaluate[inertExpr] evaluates an InertExpression, returning a new InertExpression in compiled code.
- [InertExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InertExpression.en.md): InertExpression[expr] creates an inert expression in compiled code. InertExpression[head][e1, e2, ...] creates an inert expression with head and arguments ei.
- [InexactNumberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InexactNumberQ.en.md): InexactNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is an inexact real or complex number, and returns False otherwise.
- [InfiniteFuture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InfiniteFuture.en.md): InfiniteFuture returns a DateObject expression representing infinite future in time.
- [InfiniteLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InfiniteLine.en.md): InfiniteLine[{p1, p2}] represents the infinite straight line passing through the points p1 and p2. InfiniteLine[p, v] represents the infinite straight line passing through the point p in the direction v.
- [InfiniteLineThrough](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InfiniteLineThrough.en.md): InfiniteLineThrough[{p1, p2, ...}] gives an infinite line passing through the points pi.
- [InfinitePast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InfinitePast.en.md): InfinitePast returns a DateObject expression representing infinite past in time.
- [InfinitePlane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InfinitePlane.en.md): InfinitePlane[{p1, p2, p3}] represents the plane passing through the points p1, p2, and p3. InfinitePlane[p, {v1, v2}] represents the plane passing through the point p in the directions v1 and v2.
- [Infinity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Infinity.en.md): Infinity or \\[Infinity] is a symbol that represents a positive infinite quantity.
- [Infix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Infix.en.md): Infix[f[e1, e2, ...]] prints with f[e1, e2, ...] given in default infix form: e1~f~e2~f~e3 .... Infix[expr, h] prints with arguments separated by h: e1 h e2 h e3 ....
- [InflationAdjust](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InflationAdjust.en.md): InflationAdjust[quantity, targetdate] attempts to adjust the specified quantity purchasing power to targetdate. InflationAdjust[quantity] uses the current year as targetdate. InflationAdjust[quantity, targetunit] converts the currency to targetunit after adjusting to the current year. InflationAdjust[timeseries, targetdate] attempts to adjust the specified timeseries data purchasing power to targetdate.
- [InflationMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InflationMethod.en.md): InflationMethod is an option for InflationAdjust that specifies what time series data is to be used for adjustment in time.
- [Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Information.en.md): Information[expr] gives information about the expression expr. Information[expr, prop] gives the value of the property prop for expr. Information[{expr1, expr2, ...}, ...] gives information about all of the expri.
- [Inherited](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inherited.en.md): Inherited represents an option value to be inherited from an enclosing style, cell, or notebook.
- [InheritScope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InheritScope.en.md): InheritScope is an option for DynamicModule that specifies whether to attempt to bind variables referenced in the DynamicModule to a parent DynamicModule instance.
- [InhomogeneousPoissonPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InhomogeneousPoissonPointProcess.en.md): InhomogeneousPoissonPointProcess[\\[Mu], d] represents an inhomogeneous Poisson point process with density function \\[Mu] : \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d -> \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR] > in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [InhomogeneousPoissonProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InhomogeneousPoissonProcess.en.md): InhomogeneousPoissonProcess[\\[Lambda][t], t] represents an inhomogeneous Poisson process with intensity \\[Lambda][t] given as a function of t.
- [InitialEvaluationHistory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitialEvaluationHistory.en.md): InitialEvaluationHistory is an option for functions such as BayesianMinimization that gives an initial set of configurations and values.
- [InitializationCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationCell.en.md): InitializationCell is an option for Cell that specifies whether the cell should be tagged to be evaluated by the Wolfram Language kernel immediately before the first evaluation performed by the user after the notebook is opened.
- [InitializationCellEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationCellEvaluation.en.md): InitializationCellEvaluation is an option for notebooks that specifies whether initialization cells in a notebook are automatically evaluated when the notebook is opened.
- [InitializationCellWarning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationCellWarning.en.md): InitializationCellWarning is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a warning should be given when a notebook containing initialization cells is opened.
- [Initialization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Initialization.en.md): Initialization is an option for notebooks, cells, Dynamic, DynamicModule, Manipulate and related constructs that specifies an expression to be evaluated when the construct is first displayed.
- [InitializationGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationGroup.en.md): InitializationGroup is an option for the first cell of a cell group that specifies whether the group should be tagged to be evaluated by the Wolfram Language kernel when the notebook that contains them is opened.
- [InitializationObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationObject.en.md): InitializationObject[sym, loc] gives the persistent object where InitializationValue[sym, loc] is stored. InitializationObject[StyleBox[\context`name\, \TI\], loc] gives the persistent object where the initialization value for the symbol with the specified complete name is stored.
- [InitializationObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationObjects.en.md): InitializationObjects[] gives the list of all persistent initialization objects in all locations in $PersistencePath. InitializationObjects[patt] gives all persistent initialization objects for symbols matching the string pattern  patt. InitializationObjects[patt, loc] gives all matching persistent initialization objects in the persistence location loc. InitializationObjects[patt, {loc1, ...}] gives all matching persistent initialization objects in all the loci.
- [InitializationValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitializationValue.en.md): InitializationValue[sym] represents the settable persistent value with which the symbol sym will be initialized. InitializationValue[StyleBox[\context`name\, \TI\]] represents the settable initialization value for the symbol with the specified complete name. InitializationValue[sym, {loc1, ...}] specifies the persistence locations to search for a possible initialization value.
- [Initialize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Initialize.en.md): Initialize[sym] initializes the symbol sym from persistent values on the default persistence path. Initialize[sym, {loc1, ...}] initializes the symbol sym from persistent values on the persistence path {loc1, ...}. Initialize[patt] initializes all variables matching the string pattern  patt.
- [InitialSeeding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InitialSeeding.en.md): InitialSeeding is an option for NDSolve and other functions that specifies equations that specify initial seeding values for variables that may be used by iterative algorithms.
- [Inner](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inner.en.md): Inner[f, list1, list2, g] is a generalization of Dot in which f plays the role of multiplication and g of addition.
- [InnerPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InnerPolygon.en.md): InnerPolygon[poly] gives the inner polygon of the polygon poly.
- [InnerPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InnerPolyhedron.en.md): InnerPolyhedron[poly] gives the inner polyhedron of the polyhedron poly.
- [Inpaint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inpaint.en.md): Inpaint[image, region] retouches parts of image that correspond to nonzero elements in region.
- [InputAliases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputAliases.en.md): InputAliases is an option for cells and notebooks which specifies additional Esc\\[ThinSpace]name\\[ThinSpace]Esc aliases to be allowed on input.
- [InputAssumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputAssumptions.en.md): InputAssumptions is an option for WolframAlpha that specifies assumptions for current query input.
- [InputAutoReplacements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputAutoReplacements.en.md): InputAutoReplacements is an option for cells and notebooks which specifies strings of characters that should be replaced immediately on input.
- [Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Input.en.md): Input[] interactively reads in one Wolfram Language expression. Input[prompt] requests input, displaying prompt as a prompt. Input[prompt, init] in a notebook front end uses init as the initial contents of the input field.
- [InputField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputField.en.md): InputField[] represents a blank editable input field. InputField[x] represents an editable input field that currently contains the expression x. InputField[Dynamic[x]] takes the contents of the input field to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if new contents are entered. InputField[x, String] represents an input field whose contents are taken to be a string. InputField[x, Number] represents an input field whose contents are taken to be a number. ...
- [InputForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputForm.en.md): InputForm[expr] prints as a version of expr suitable for input to the Wolfram Language.
- [InputNamePacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputNamePacket.en.md): InputNamePacket[string] is a WSTP packet that contains in string the name to be assigned to the next input.
- [InputNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputNotebook.en.md): InputNotebook[] gives the current notebook into which keyboard input in the front end will be directed.
- [InputOutputResponseData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputOutputResponseData.en.md): InputOutputResponseData[...] represents response data generated by InputOutputResponse.
- [InputOutputResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputOutputResponse.en.md): InputOutputResponse[sys, u, tspec] gives the response of the input-output model sys with input signals u and temporal specification tspec. InputOutputResponse[sys, ...,  prop] gives the value of property  prop.
- [InputPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputPacket.en.md): InputPacket[] is a WSTP packet that indicates a prompt for input as generated by Input.
- [InputPorts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputPorts.en.md): InputPorts is an option to specify the number, names or shapes of input ports for some neural net layers.
- [InputStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputStream.en.md): InputStream[name, n] is an object that represents an input stream for functions such as Read and Find.
- [InputString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputString.en.md): InputString[] interactively reads in a character string. InputString[prompt] requests input, displaying prompt as a prompt. InputString[prompt, init] in a notebook front end uses init as the initial contents of the input field.
- [InputStringPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InputStringPacket.en.md): InputStringPacket[] is a WSTP packet that requests input in string form.
- [InscribedBall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InscribedBall.en.md): InscribedBall[{p1, p2, ...}] gives the largest ball that lies inside the convex hull of the points p1, p2, ....
- [InsertColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InsertColumns.en.md): InsertColumns[tab, {col1 -> cval1, ...}] inserts the column cvali with name coli in the tabular object tab. InsertColumns[cspec] represents an operator form of InsertColumns that can be applied to a tabular object.
- [Insert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Insert.en.md): Insert[list, elem, n] inserts elem at position n in list. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. Insert[expr, elem, {i, j, ...}] inserts elem at position {i, j, ...} in expr. Insert[expr, elem, {{i1, j1, ...}, {i2, j2, ...}, ...}] inserts elem at several positions. Insert[elem, pos] represents an operator form of Insert that can be applied to an expression.
- [InsertionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InsertionFunction.en.md): InsertionFunction is an option for template functions that specifies how expressions are to be processed before they are inserted when the template is applied.
- [InsertLinebreaks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InsertLinebreaks.en.md): InsertLinebreaks[string] inserts newline characters into string to make a string in which no line is longer than 78 characters. InsertLinebreaks[string, n] inserts newline characters to make no line longer than n characters.
- [InsertResults](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InsertResults.en.md): InsertResults is an option for NotebookEvaluate that determines whether to place the results of evaluation in the notebook being evaluated.
- [Inset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inset.en.md): Inset[obj] represents an object obj inset in a graphic. Inset[obj, pos] specifies that the inset should be placed at position pos in the graphic. Inset[obj, pos, opos] aligns the inset so that position opos in the object lies at position pos in the enclosing graphic. Inset[obj, pos, opos, size] specifies the size of the inset in the coordinate system of the enclosing graphic. Inset[obj, pos, opos, size, dirs] specifies that the axes of the inset should be oriented in directions dirs.
- [Insphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Insphere.en.md): Insphere[{p1, ..., p n +1}] gives the sphere that can be inscribed in the simplex defined by points pi in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n. Insphere[poly] gives the insphere of a polyhedron or polygon poly.
- [Install](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Install.en.md): Install[name] starts a WSTP-compatible external program and installs Wolfram Language definitions to call functions in it.
- [InstallService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InstallService.en.md): InstallService[url] installs the web service operations in the WSDL description at the URL given. InstallService[url,  StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\]] installs web service operations, creating functions in the specified context.
- [InstanceNormalizationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InstanceNormalizationLayer.en.md): InstanceNormalizationLayer is being phased out in favor of NormalizationLayer, which was introduced in Version 12.0.
- [InString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InString.en.md): InString[n] is a global object that is assigned to be the text of the n^th input line.
- [IntegerDigits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerDigits.en.md): IntegerDigits[n] gives a list of the decimal digits in the integer n. IntegerDigits[n, b] gives a list of the base b digits in the integer n. IntegerDigits[n, b, len] pads the list on the left with zeros to give a list of length len. IntegerDigits[n, MixedRadix[blist]] uses the mixed radix with list of bases blist.
- [Integer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Integer.en.md): Integer is the head used for integers.
- [IntegerExponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerExponent.en.md): IntegerExponent[n, b] gives the highest power of b that divides n.
- [IntegerLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerLength.en.md): IntegerLength[n] gives the number of digits in the base 10 representation of the integer n. IntegerLength[n, b] gives the number of digits in the base b representation of n.
- [IntegerName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerName.en.md): IntegerName[n] gives a string containing the full English name of the integer n. IntegerName[n, qualifier] gives a string conforming to the given qualifications.
- [IntegerPart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerPart.en.md): IntegerPart[x] gives the integer part of x.
- [IntegerPartitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerPartitions.en.md): IntegerPartitions[n] gives a list of all possible ways to partition the integer n into smaller integers. IntegerPartitions[n, k] gives partitions into at most k integers. IntegerPartitions[n, {k}] gives partitions into exactly k integers. IntegerPartitions[n, {kmin, kmax}] gives partitions into between kmin and kmax integers. IntegerPartitions[n, kspec, {s1, s2, ...}] gives partitions involving only the si. IntegerPartitions[n, kspec, sspec, m] limits the result to the first m partitions.
- [IntegerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerQ.en.md): IntegerQ[expr] gives True if expr is an integer, and False otherwise.
- [IntegerReverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerReverse.en.md): IntegerReverse[n] gives the integer whose digits are reversed with respect to those of the integer n. IntegerReverse[n, b] gives the integer whose digits in base b are reversed with respect to those of n. IntegerReverse[n, b, len] gives the integer with reversed digits after padding n with zeros on the left to have len digits.
- [Integers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Integers.en.md): Integers represents the domain of integers, as in x \\[Element] Integers.
- [IntegerString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerString.en.md): IntegerString[n] gives a string consisting of the decimal digits in the integer n. IntegerString[n, b] gives a string consisting of the base-b digits in the integer n. IntegerString[n, b, len] pads the string on the left with zero digits to give a string of length len. IntegerString[n, MixedRadix[blist]] uses the mixed radix with a list of bases blist. IntegerString[n, numsys] gives the numeral form of n based on the numeric system defined by numsys.
- [IntegrateChangeVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegrateChangeVariables.en.md): IntegrateChangeVariables[integral, u, trans] changes the variable in integral to the new variable u using the transformation trans. IntegrateChangeVariables[integral, {u, v, ...}, trans] changes the variables to the new variables u, v, ....
- [Integrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Integrate.en.md): Integrate[f, x] gives the indefinite integral \\[Integral]f d x. Integrate[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] gives the definite integral \\[Integral]_xmin^xmax\\ f\\ d x. Integrate[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, ...] gives the multiple integral \\[Integral]_xmin^xmaxd x \\[Integral]_ymin^ymaxd y\\ \\ ...\\ f. Integrate[f, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] reg] integrates over the geometric region reg.
- [Interactive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interactive.en.md): Interactive is an option that specifies whether a function should create a user prompt when mimicking an action that would have created a user prompt if invoked manually.
- [InteractiveTradingChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InteractiveTradingChart.en.md): InteractiveTradingChart[{{date1, {open1, high1, low1, close1, volume1}}, ...}] makes a chart showing prices and volume for each date. InteractiveTradingChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a financial chart for the financial entity  name over the daterange. InteractiveTradingChart[{...}, {ind1, ind2, ...}] makes a financial chart with indicators ind1, ind2, ... .
- [InterfaceSwitched](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterfaceSwitched.en.md): InterfaceSwitched[<|size1 -> expr1, size2 -> expr2, ...|>] is a construct that behaves as if it were expri when it is in an interface environment with width sizei. InterfaceSwitched[param, <|key1 -> expr1, key2 -> expr2, ...|>] behaves as if it were expri when the value of the interface parameter param corresponds to keyi.
- [Interleaving](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interleaving.en.md): Interleaving is an option for Image and related functions that specifies whether data corresponding to different channels in an object such as an image should be interleaved.
- [IntermediateTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntermediateTest.en.md): IntermediateTest[input] creates an intermediate test to determine whether input evaluates to True. IntermediateTest[input, expected] creates an intermediate test to determine whether input evaluates to expected. IntermediateTest[input, expected, messages] creates an intermediate test that is expected to generate the list of message names messages.
- [InternallyBalancedDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InternallyBalancedDecomposition.en.md): InternallyBalancedDecomposition[ssm] yields the internally balanced decomposition of the state-space model ssm.
- [InterpolatingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpolatingFunction.en.md): InterpolatingFunction[domain, ...] represents an approximate function whose values are found by interpolation.
- [InterpolatingPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpolatingPolynomial.en.md): InterpolatingPolynomial[{f1, f2, ...}, x] constructs an interpolating polynomial in x which reproduces the function values fi at successive integer values 1, 2, ... of x. InterpolatingPolynomial[{{x1, f1}, {x2, f2}, ...}, x] constructs an interpolating polynomial for the function values fi corresponding to x values xi. InterpolatingPolynomial[{{{x1, y1, ...}, f1}, {{x2, y2, ...}, f2}, ...}, {x, y, ...}] constructs a multidimensional interpolating polynomial in the variables x, y, .... ...
- [Interpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpolation.en.md): Interpolation[{f1, f2, ...}] constructs an interpolation of the function values fi, assumed to correspond to x values 1, 2, ... . Interpolation[{{x1, f1}, {x2, f2}, ...}] constructs an interpolation of the function values fi corresponding to x values xi. Interpolation[{{{x1, y1, ...}, f1}, {{x2, y2, ...}, f2}, ...}] constructs an interpolation of multidimensional data. Interpolation[{{{x1, ...}, f1, df1, ...}, ...}] constructs an interpolation that reproduces derivatives as well as function ...
- [InterpolationOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpolationOrder.en.md): InterpolationOrder is an option for Interpolation, as well as ListLinePlot, ListPlot3D, ListContourPlot, and related functions, that specifies what order of interpolation to use.
- [InterpolationPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpolationPoints.en.md): InterpolationPoints is an option to SmoothKernelDistribution and FunctionInterpolation that specifies the initial number of interpolation points to use.
- [InterpretationBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpretationBox.en.md): InterpretationBox[boxes, expr] is a low-level box construct that displays as boxes but is interpreted on input as expr.
- [InterpretationBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpretationBoxOptions.en.md): InterpretationBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for InterpretationBox constructs.
- [Interpretation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpretation.en.md): Interpretation[e, expr] represents an object that displays as e, but is interpreted as the unevaluated form of expr if supplied as input. Interpretation[{x = x0, y = y0, ...}, e, expr] allows local variables x, y, ... in e and expr.
- [InterpretationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpretationFunction.en.md): InterpretationFunction is an option for TemplateBox that specifies how the box is to be evaluated.
- [Interpreter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpreter.en.md): Interpreter[form] represents an interpreter object that can be applied to an input to try to interpret it as an object of the specified form. Interpreter[form, test] returns the interpreted object only if applying test to it yields True; otherwise it returns a Failure object. Interpreter[form, test, fail] returns the result of applying the function fail if the test fails.
- [InterquartileRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterquartileRange.en.md): InterquartileRange[data] gives the difference between the upper and lower quartiles OverscriptBox[q, ^] 3/4 - OverscriptBox[q, ^] 1/4 for the elements in data. InterquartileRange[data, {{a, b}, {c, d}}] uses the quantile definition specified by parameters a, b, c, d. InterquartileRange[dist] gives the difference between the upper and lower quartiles q 3/4 - q 1/4 for the distribution dist.
- [Interrupt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interrupt.en.md): Interrupt[] generates an interrupt.
- [IntersectedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntersectedEntityClass.en.md): IntersectedEntityClass[class1, class2, ...] represents an entity class containing all the entities common to all classi.
- [IntersectingQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntersectingQ.en.md): IntersectingQ[list1, list2] yields True if list1 and list2 have at least one element in common, and False otherwise.
- [Intersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Intersection.en.md): Intersection[list1, list2, ...] gives a sorted list of the elements common to all the listi.
- [Interval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interval.en.md): Interval[{min, max}] represents the range of values between min and max. Interval[{min1 , max1}, {min2 , max2}, ...] represents the union of the ranges min1 to max1, min2 to max2, ....
- [IntervalIntersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntervalIntersection.en.md): IntervalIntersection[interval1, interval2, ...] gives the interval representing all points common to each of the intervali.
- [IntervalMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntervalMarkers.en.md): IntervalMarkers is an option for plotting functions such as ListPlot and BarChart that specifies how to represent uncertainty intervals.
- [IntervalMarkersStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntervalMarkersStyle.en.md): IntervalMarkersStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies styles in which uncertainty intervals are drawn.
- [IntervalMemberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntervalMemberQ.en.md): IntervalMemberQ[interval, x] gives True if the number x lies within the specified interval, and False otherwise. IntervalMemberQ[interval1, interval2] gives True if interval2 is completely contained within interval1. IntervalMemberQ[interval] represents an operator form of IntervalMemberQ that can be applied to a number.
- [IntervalSlider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntervalSlider.en.md): IntervalSlider[{xmin, xmax}] represents a slider with setting {xmin, xmax} in the range 0 to 1. IntervalSlider[Dynamic[int]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of int, with the value of int being reset if the slider is moved. IntervalSlider[int, {min, max}] represents a slider with range min to max. IntervalSlider[int, {min, max, dx}] represents a slider that jumps in steps dx.
- [IntervalUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntervalUnion.en.md): IntervalUnion[interval1, interval2, ...] gives an interval containing the set of all points in any of the intervali.
- [InverseBetaRegularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseBetaRegularized.en.md): InverseBetaRegularized[s, a, b] gives the inverse of the regularized incomplete beta function.
- [InverseBilateralLaplaceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseBilateralLaplaceTransform.en.md): InverseBilateralLaplaceTransform[expr, s, t] gives the inverse bilateral Laplace transform of expr. InverseBilateralLaplaceTransform[expr, {s1, s2, ..., sn}, {t1, t2, ..., tn}] gives the multidimensional inverse bilateral Laplace transform of expr.
- [InverseBilateralZTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseBilateralZTransform.en.md): InverseBilateralZTransform[expr, z, n] gives the inverse bilateral Z transform of expr. InverseBilateralZTransform[expr, {z1, ..., zk}, {n1, ..., nk}] gives the multidimensional inverse bilateral Z transform of expr.
- [InverseCDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseCDF.en.md): InverseCDF[dist, q] gives the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable q.
- [InverseChiSquareDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseChiSquareDistribution.en.md): InverseChiSquareDistribution[\\[Nu]] represents an inverse \\[Chi]^2 distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom. InverseChiSquareDistribution[\\[Nu], \\[Xi]] represents a scaled inverse \\[Chi]^2 distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom and scale \\[Xi].
- [InverseContinuousWaveletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseContinuousWaveletTransform.en.md): InverseContinuousWaveletTransform[cwd] gives the inverse continuous wavelet transform of a ContinuousWaveletData object cwd. InverseContinuousWaveletTransform[cwd, wave] gives the inverse transform using the wavelet wave. InverseContinuousWaveletTransform[cwd, wave, octvoc] gives the inverse transform from the wavelet coefficients specified by octvoc.
- [InverseDistanceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseDistanceTransform.en.md): InverseDistanceTransform[image] gives the inverse distance transform of image, returning the result as a binary image.
- [InverseEllipticNomeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseEllipticNomeQ.en.md): InverseEllipticNomeQ[q] gives the parameter m corresponding to the nome q in an elliptic function.
- [Inverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Inverse.en.md): Inverse[m] gives the inverse of a square matrix m.
- [InverseErfc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseErfc.en.md): InverseErfc[s] gives the inverse complementary error function obtained as the solution for z in s = erfc (z).
- [InverseErf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseErf.en.md): InverseErf[s] gives the inverse error function obtained as the solution for z in s = erf (z).
- [InverseFourierCosTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourierCosTransform.en.md): InverseFourierCosTransform[F[TraditionalForm\\` StyleBox[\\[Omega], FontSlant->Plain]], TraditionalForm\\` StyleBox[\\[Omega], FontSlant->Plain], t] gives the symbolic inverse Fourier cosine transform of F[\\[Omega]] in the variable \\[Omega] as f[t] in the variable t. InverseFourierCosTransform[F[\\[Omega]], \\[Omega], OverscriptBox[StyleBox[t, TI], ^]] gives the numeric inverse Fourier cosine transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[t, ^]. InverseFourierCosTransform[F[\\[Omega]1, ...
- [InverseFourier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourier.en.md): InverseFourier[list] finds the discrete inverse Fourier transform of a list of complex numbers. InverseFourier[list, {p1, p2, ...}] returns the specified positions of the discrete inverse Fourier transform.
- [InverseFourierSequenceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourierSequenceTransform.en.md): InverseFourierSequenceTransform[expr, \\[Omega], n] gives the inverse discrete-time Fourier transform of expr. InverseFourierSequenceTransform[expr, {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]2, \\ ...}, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the multidimensional inverse Fourier sequence transform.
- [InverseFourierSinTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourierSinTransform.en.md): InverseFourierSinTransform[F[TraditionalForm\\` StyleBox[\\[Omega], FontSlant->Plain]], TraditionalForm\\` StyleBox[\\[Omega], FontSlant->Plain], t] gives the symbolic inverse Fourier sine transform of F[\\[Omega]] in the variable \\[Omega] as f[t] in the variable t. InverseFourierSinTransform[F[\\[Omega]], \\[Omega], OverscriptBox[StyleBox[t, TI], ^]] gives the numeric inverse Fourier sine transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[t, ^]. InverseFourierSinTransform[F[\\[Omega]1, ...
- [InverseFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourierTransform.en.md): InverseFourierTransform[F[TraditionalForm\\` StyleBox[\\[Omega], FontSlant->Plain]], TraditionalForm\\` StyleBox[\\[Omega], FontSlant->Plain], t] gives the symbolic inverse Fourier transform of F[\\[Omega]] in the variable \\[Omega] as f[t] in the variable t. InverseFourierTransform[F[\\[Omega]], \\[Omega], OverscriptBox[StyleBox[t, TI], ^]] gives the numeric inverse Fourier transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[t, ^]. InverseFourierTransform[F[\\[Omega]1, ..., \\[Omega]n], ...
- [InverseFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFunction.en.md): InverseFunction[f] represents the inverse of the function f, defined so that InverseFunction[f][y] gives the value of x for which f[x] is equal to y. InverseFunction[f, n, tot] represents the inverse with respect to the n^th argument when there are tot arguments in all.
- [InverseFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFunctions.en.md): InverseFunctions is an option for Solve and related functions that specifies whether inverse functions should be used.
- [InverseGammaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGammaDistribution.en.md): InverseGammaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents an inverse gamma distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. InverseGammaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma], \\[Mu]] represents a generalized inverse gamma distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Gamma], scale parameter \\[Beta], and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [InverseGammaRegularized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGammaRegularized.en.md): InverseGammaRegularized[a, s] gives the inverse of the regularized incomplete gamma function.
- [InverseGaussianDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGaussianDistribution.en.md): InverseGaussianDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda]] represents an inverse Gaussian distribution with mean \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Lambda]. InverseGaussianDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], \\[Theta]] represents a generalized inverse Gaussian distribution with parameters \\[Mu], \\[Lambda], and \\[Theta].
- [InverseGudermannian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGudermannian.en.md): InverseGudermannian[z] gives the inverse Gudermannian function gd -1 (z).
- [InverseHankelTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseHankelTransform.en.md): InverseHankelTransform[expr, s, r] gives the inverse Hankel transform of order 0 for expr. InverseHankelTransform[expr, s, r, \\[Nu]] gives the inverse Hankel transform of order \\[Nu] for expr.
- [InverseHaversine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseHaversine.en.md): InverseHaversine[z] gives the inverse haversine function hav -1 (z).
- [InverseHilbertTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseHilbertTransform.en.md): InverseHilbertTransform[F[t], t, s] gives the symbolic inverse Hilbert transform of F[t] in the variable t as f[s] in the variable s. InverseHilbertTransform[F[t], t, OverscriptBox[s, ^]] gives the numeric inverse Hilbert transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[s, ^].
- [InverseImagePyramid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseImagePyramid.en.md): InverseImagePyramid[pyr] reconstructs an image from an ImagePyramid object pyr. InverseImagePyramid[pyr, pyrtype] assumes the specified pyramid type pyrtype. InverseImagePyramid[pyr, pyrtype, n] reconstructs up to pyramid level n. InverseImagePyramid[pyr, pyrtype, {size}] reconstructs up to the smallest pyramid level larger than the specified size.
- [InverseJacobiCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiCD.en.md): InverseJacobiCD[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function cd -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiCN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiCN.en.md): InverseJacobiCN[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function cn -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiCS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiCS.en.md): InverseJacobiCS[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function cs -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiDC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiDC.en.md): InverseJacobiDC[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function dc -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiDN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiDN.en.md): InverseJacobiDN[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function dn -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiDS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiDS.en.md): InverseJacobiDS[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function ds -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiNC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiNC.en.md): InverseJacobiNC[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function nc -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiND](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiND.en.md): InverseJacobiND[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function nd -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiNS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiNS.en.md): InverseJacobiNS[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function ns -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiSC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiSC.en.md): InverseJacobiSC[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function sc -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiSD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiSD.en.md): InverseJacobiSD[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function sd -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseJacobiSN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseJacobiSN.en.md): InverseJacobiSN[v, m] gives the inverse Jacobi elliptic function sn -1 (v \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [InverseLaplaceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseLaplaceTransform.en.md): InverseLaplaceTransform[F[s], s, t] gives the symbolic inverse Laplace transform of F[s] in the variable s as f[t] in the variable t. InverseLaplaceTransform[F[s], s, OverscriptBox[StyleBox[t, TI], ^]] gives the numeric inverse Laplace transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[t, ^]. InverseLaplaceTransform[F[s1, ..., sn], {s1, s2, ...}, {t1, t2, ...}] gives the multidimensional inverse Laplace transform of F[s 1, ..., s n].
- [InverseMellinTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseMellinTransform.en.md): InverseMellinTransform[expr, s, x] gives the inverse Mellin transform of expr.
- [InversePermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InversePermutation.en.md): InversePermutation[perm] returns the inverse of permutation perm.
- [InverseRadon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseRadon.en.md): InverseRadon[image] gives the inverse discrete Radon transform of image. InverseRadon[image, {w, h}] specifies the width w and the height h of the resulting image.
- [InverseRadonTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseRadonTransform.en.md): InverseRadonTransform[expr, {p, \\[Phi]}, {x, y}] gives the inverse Radon transform of expr.
- [InverseSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseSeries.en.md): InverseSeries[s] takes the series s, and gives a series for the inverse of the function represented by s. InverseSeries[s, x] uses the variable x in the inverse series.
- [InverseShortTimeFourier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseShortTimeFourier.en.md): InverseShortTimeFourier[input] reconstructs the signal from short-time Fourier data. InverseShortTimeFourier[input, n] assumes the spectrogram data was computed with partitions of length n. InverseShortTimeFourier[input, n, d] assumes partitions with offset d. InverseShortTimeFourier[input, n, d, wfun] assumes a smoothing window wfun was applied to each partition.
- [InverseSpectrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseSpectrogram.en.md): InverseSpectrogram[data] reconstructs the signal from the magnitude spectrogram data. InverseSpectrogram[img] reconstructs the signal, assuming that the image img is the magnitude spectrogram. InverseSpectrogram[input, n] assumes the spectrogram data was computed with partitions of length n. InverseSpectrogram[input, n, d] assumes partitions with offset d. InverseSpectrogram[input, n, d, wfun] assumes a smoothing window wfun was applied to each partition.
- [InverseSurvivalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseSurvivalFunction.en.md): InverseSurvivalFunction[dist, q] gives the inverse of the survival function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable q.
- [InverseTransformedRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseTransformedRegion.en.md): InverseTransformedRegion[reg, f, n] represents the inverse transformed region {p \\[Element] \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n | f(p) \\[Element] reg}, where reg is a region and f is a function.
- [InverseWaveletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseWaveletTransform.en.md): InverseWaveletTransform[dwd] gives the inverse wavelet transform of a DiscreteWaveletData object dwd. InverseWaveletTransform[dwd, wave] gives the inverse transform using the wavelet wave. InverseWaveletTransform[dwd, wave, wind] gives the inverse transform from the wavelet coefficients specified by wind.
- [InverseWeierstrassP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseWeierstrassP.en.md): InverseWeierstrassP[p, {g2, g3}] gives a value of u for which the Weierstrass function \\[WeierstrassP] (u; g2, g3) is equal to p.
- [InverseWishartMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseWishartMatrixDistribution.en.md): InverseWishartMatrixDistribution[\\[Nu], \\[CapitalSigma]] represents an inverse Wishart matrix distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom and covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma].
- [InverseZTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseZTransform.en.md): InverseZTransform[expr, z, n] gives the inverse Z transform of expr. InverseZTransform[expr, {z1, ..., z m}, {n1, ..., n m}] gives the multiple inverse Z transform of expr.
- [Invisible](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Invisible.en.md): Invisible[expr] displays as space that is the same size as the formatted version of expr.
- [IPAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IPAddress.en.md): IPAddress[address] is a symbolic representation of an IPv4 or IPv6 IP address.
- [IrreduciblePolynomialQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IrreduciblePolynomialQ.en.md): IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly] tests whether poly is an irreducible polynomial over the rationals. IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly, Modulus -> p] tests whether poly is irreducible modulo a prime p. IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly, Extension -> {a1, a2, ...}] tests whether poly is irreducible over the field extension generated by the algebraic numbers ai. IrreduciblePolynomialQ[poly, Extension -> All] tests whether poly is absolutely irreducible over the complex numbers.
- [IslandData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IslandData.en.md): IslandData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the island entity. IslandData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified island entities. IslandData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [IsolatingInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IsolatingInterval.en.md): IsolatingInterval[a] gives a rational isolating interval for the algebraic number a. IsolatingInterval[a, dx] gives an isolating interval of width at most dx.
- [IsomorphicGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IsomorphicGraphQ.en.md): IsomorphicGraphQ[g1, g2] yields True if the graphs g1 and g2 are isomorphic, and False otherwise.
- [IsomorphicSubgraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IsomorphicSubgraphQ.en.md): IsomorphicSubgraphQ[g1, g2] yields True if the graph g1 is isomorphic to a subgraph of the graph g2.
- [IsotopeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IsotopeData.en.md): IsotopeData[{Z, A},  property] gives the value of the specified property for the isotope with atomic number Z and mass number A. IsotopeData[name,  property] gives the value of the property for the named isotope.
- [Italic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Italic.en.md): Italic represents an italic font slant.
- [ItemAspectRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ItemAspectRatio.en.md): ItemAspectRatio is an option for GraphicsGrid which specifies the ratio of height to width for the regions in which items are placed in the graphics grid.
- [ItemDisplayFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ItemDisplayFunction.en.md): ItemDisplayFunction is an option for Dataset that specifies a function to apply to items before displaying them.
- [Item](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Item.en.md): Item[expr, options] represents an item within constructs such as Grid, Overlay, and Manipulate that displays with expr as the content, and with the specified options applied to the region containing expr.
- [ItemSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ItemSize.en.md): ItemSize is an option for Grid, Column, and related constructs that specifies the sizes to allow for items.
- [ItemStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ItemStyle.en.md): ItemStyle is an option for Dataset, Grid and related constructs that specifies styles to use for items.
- [ItoProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ItoProcess.en.md): ItoProcess[{a, b}, x, t] represents an Ito process x(t), where \\[DifferentialD]x(t) == a(t, x(t)) \\[DifferentialD]t + b (t, x(t)) . \\[DifferentialD]w(t). ItoProcess[{a, b, c}, x, t] represents an Ito process y(t) == c(t, x(t)), where \\[DifferentialD]x(t) == a(t, x(t)) \\[DifferentialD]t + b (t, x(t)) . \\[DifferentialD]w(t) . ItoProcess[..., {x, x0}, {t, t0}] uses initial condition x(t0) == x0. ItoProcess[..., ..., \\[CapitalSigma]] uses a Wiener process w(t), with covariance ...
- [JaccardDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JaccardDissimilarity.en.md): JaccardDissimilarity[u, v] gives the Jaccard dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.
- [JacobiAmplitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiAmplitude.en.md): JacobiAmplitude[u, m] gives the amplitude u for Jacobi elliptic functions.
- [JacobiCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiCD.en.md): JacobiCD[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function cd (u | m).
- [JacobiCN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiCN.en.md): JacobiCN[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function cn (u | m).
- [JacobiCS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiCS.en.md): JacobiCS[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function cs (u | m).
- [JacobiDC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiDC.en.md): JacobiDC[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function dc (u | m).
- [JacobiDN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiDN.en.md): JacobiDN[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function dn (u | m).
- [JacobiDS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiDS.en.md): JacobiDS[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function ds (u | m).
- [JacobiEpsilon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiEpsilon.en.md): JacobiEpsilon[u, m] gives the Jacobi epsilon function u.
- [JacobiNC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiNC.en.md): JacobiNC[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function nc (u | m).
- [JacobiND](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiND.en.md): JacobiND[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function nd (u | m).
- [JacobiNS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiNS.en.md): JacobiNS[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function ns (u | m).
- [JacobiP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiP.en.md): JacobiP[n, a, b, x] gives the Jacobi polynomial JacobiP[n,a,b,x].
- [JacobiSC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiSC.en.md): JacobiSC[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function sc (u | m).
- [JacobiSD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiSD.en.md): JacobiSD[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function sd (u | m).
- [JacobiSN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiSN.en.md): JacobiSN[u, m] gives the Jacobi elliptic function u.
- [JacobiSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiSymbol.en.md): JacobiSymbol[n, m] gives the Jacobi symbol (n/m).
- [JacobiZeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiZeta.en.md): JacobiZeta[\\[Phi], m] gives the Jacobi zeta function \\[Phi].
- [JacobiZN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JacobiZN.en.md): JacobiZN[u, m] gives the Jacobi zeta function u.
- [JankoGroupJ1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JankoGroupJ1.en.md): JankoGroupJ1[] represents the sporadic simple Janko group J1.
- [JankoGroupJ2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JankoGroupJ2.en.md): JankoGroupJ2[] represents the sporadic simple Janko group J2.
- [JankoGroupJ3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JankoGroupJ3.en.md): JankoGroupJ3[] represents the sporadic simple Janko group J3.
- [JankoGroupJ4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JankoGroupJ4.en.md): JankoGroupJ4[] represents the sporadic simple Janko group J4.
- [JarqueBeraALMTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JarqueBeraALMTest.en.md): JarqueBeraALMTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Jarque-Bera ALM test. JarqueBeraALMTest[data,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [JohnsonDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JohnsonDistribution.en.md): JohnsonDistribution[SB, \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a bounded Johnson distribution with shape parameters \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], location parameter \\[Mu], and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. JohnsonDistribution[SL, \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a semi-bounded Johnson distribution. JohnsonDistribution[SU, \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents an unbounded Johnson distribution. JohnsonDistribution[SN, \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] ...
- [JoinAcross](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JoinAcross.en.md): JoinAcross[{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, keyspec] gives a list of associations obtained by joining those pairs of associations ai and bj in which the values specified by keyspec match. JoinAcross[tab1, tab2, keyspec] joins two tabular objects according to keyspec. JoinAcross[prefix1 -> obj1, prefix2 -> obj2, keyspec] prefixes the keys in obji with prefixi using ExtendedKey[prefixi, ckeyij]. JoinAcross[alist, blist, keyspec, joinspec] uses joinspec to determine when to allow associations ...
- [JoinedCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JoinedCurve.en.md): JoinedCurve[{segment1, segment2, ...}] represents a curve consisting of segment1 followed by segment2 etc. JoinedCurve[{component1, component2, ...}] represents a list of separate component curves component1, component2, etc.
- [Joined](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Joined.en.md): Joined is an option for ListPlot and related functions that specifies whether points in each dataset should be joined into a line, or should be plotted as separate points.
- [Join](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Join.en.md): Join[list1, list2, ...] concatenates lists or other expressions that share the same head. Join[list1, list2, ..., n] joins the objects at level n in each of the listi.
- [JoinForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JoinForm.en.md): JoinForm[type] is a graphics directive that specifies what type of joins should be used to connect segments of lines, tubes, edges, and related primitives.
- [JordanDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JordanDecomposition.en.md): JordanDecomposition[m] yields the Jordan decomposition of a square matrix m. The result is a list {s, j} where s is a similarity matrix and j is the Jordan canonical form of m.
- [JordanMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JordanMatrix.en.md): JordanMatrix[\\[Lambda], n] returns a Jordan matrix with dimension n and diagonal elements \\[Lambda]. JordanMatrix[\\[Lambda], n, dir] returns a Jordan matrix oriented by specification dir.
- [JordanModelDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JordanModelDecomposition.en.md): JordanModelDecomposition[ssm] yields the Jordan decomposition of the state-space model ssm.
- [JordanReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JordanReduce.en.md): JordanReduce[m] gives the Jordan normal form of a square matrix m.
- [JulianDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JulianDate.en.md): JulianDate[] gives the current number of days since noon on November 24, 4714 BCE in the GMT time zone. JulianDate[date] gives the number of days for the specified date. JulianDate[type] gives the Julian date variant of the specified type. JulianDate[type, date] gives the variant for the specified date.
- [JuliaSetBoettcher](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JuliaSetBoettcher.en.md): JuliaSetBoettcher[c, z] gives the Böttcher coordinate of z with respect to the quadratic Julia set Jc.
- [JuliaSetIterationCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JuliaSetIterationCount.en.md): JuliaSetIterationCount[f, z, p] returns the number of iterations, beginning with the complex number z == p, of the function f(z) needed to determine whether p is in the Julia set of f. JuliaSetIterationCount[c, p] returns the number of iterations, beginning with the complex number z == p, of the function f(z) == z^2 + c needed to determine whether p is in the Julia set of f(z) == z^2 + c. JuliaSetIterationCount[f, z, {p1, p2, ...}] returns a list of the number of iterations required to ...
- [JuliaSetPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JuliaSetPlot.en.md): JuliaSetPlot[f, z] plots the Julia set of the rational function f of the variable z. JuliaSetPlot[c] plots the Julia set of the function f(z) == z^2 + c.
- [JuliaSetPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JuliaSetPoints.en.md): JuliaSetPoints[f, z] returns a list of coordinates approximating the real and imaginary parts of the complex numbers in the Julia set of the rational function f of the variable z. JuliaSetPoints[c] returns a list of coordinates of points approximating the Julia set of the function f(z) == z^2 + c.
- [KagiChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KagiChart.en.md): KagiChart[{{date1, p1}, {date2, p2}, ...}] makes a Kagi chart with prices pi at date datei. KagiChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a Kagi chart of closing prices for the financial entity  name over the date range daterange. KagiChart[{...}, rt] makes a Kagi chart with reversal threshold rt.
- [KaiserBesselWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KaiserBesselWindow.en.md): KaiserBesselWindow[x] represents a Kaiser-Bessel window function of x.
- [KaiserWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KaiserWindow.en.md): KaiserWindow[x] represents a Kaiser window function of x. KaiserWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [KalmanEstimator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KalmanEstimator.en.md): KalmanEstimator[ssm, {w, v}] constructs the Kalman estimator for the StateSpaceModel ssm with process and measurement noise covariance matrices w and v. KalmanEstimator[ssm, {w, v, h}] includes the cross-covariance matrix h. KalmanEstimator[{ssm, sensors}, {...}] specifies sensors as the noisy measurements of ssm. KalmanEstimator[{ssm, sensors, dinputs}, {...}] specifies dinputs as the deterministic inputs of ssm.
- [KalmanFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KalmanFilter.en.md): KalmanFilter[tproc, data] filters data using the time series model given by tproc.
- [KarhunenLoeveDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KarhunenLoeveDecomposition.en.md): KarhunenLoeveDecomposition[{a1, a2, ...}] gives the Karhunen-Loeve transform {{b1, b2, ...}, m} of the numerical arrays {a1, a2, ...}, where m . ai == bi. KarhunenLoeveDecomposition[{b1, b2, ...}, m] uses the inverse of the matrix m for transforming bi to ai.
- [KaryTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KaryTree.en.md): KaryTree[n] gives a binary tree with n vertices. KaryTree[n, k] gives a k-ary tree with n vertices.
- [KatzCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KatzCentrality.en.md): KatzCentrality[g, \\[Alpha]] gives a list of Katz centralities for the vertices in the graph g and weight \\[Alpha]. KatzCentrality[g, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] gives a list of Katz centralities using weight \\[Alpha] and initial centralities \\[Beta]. KatzCentrality[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [KCoreComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KCoreComponents.en.md): KCoreComponents[g, k] gives the k-core components of the underlying simple graph of g. KCoreComponents[g, k, In] gives the k-core components with vertex in-degrees at least k. KCoreComponents[g, k, Out] gives the k-core components with vertex out-degrees at least k. KCoreComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [KDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KDistribution.en.md): KDistribution[\\[Nu], w] represents a K distribution with shape parameters \\[Nu] and w.
- [KEdgeConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KEdgeConnectedComponents.en.md): KEdgeConnectedComponents[g, k] gives the k-edge-connected components of the graph g. KEdgeConnectedComponents[g, k, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the k-edge-connected components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, .... KEdgeConnectedComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [KEdgeConnectedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KEdgeConnectedGraphQ.en.md): KEdgeConnectedGraphQ[g, k] yields True if the graph g is k-edge-connected and False otherwise.
- [KeepExistingVersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeepExistingVersion.en.md): KeepExistingVersion is an option for PacletInstall and PacletInstallSubmit that specifies whether an older version of a paclet should remain installed when a newer one gets installed.
- [KelvinBei](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KelvinBei.en.md): KelvinBei[z] gives the Kelvin function .... KelvinBei[n, z] gives the Kelvin function n.
- [KelvinBer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KelvinBer.en.md): KelvinBer[z] gives the Kelvin function .... KelvinBer[n, z] gives the Kelvin function n.
- [KelvinKei](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KelvinKei.en.md): KelvinKei[z] gives the Kelvin function .... KelvinKei[n, z] gives the Kelvin function n.
- [KelvinKer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KelvinKer.en.md): KelvinKer[z] gives the Kelvin function KelvinKer[z]. KelvinKer[n, z] gives the Kelvin function n.
- [KendallTau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KendallTau.en.md): KendallTau[v1, v2] gives Kendall's rank correlation coefficient \\[Tau] for the vectors v1 and v2. KendallTau[m] gives Kendall's rank correlation coefficients \\[Tau] for the matrix m. KendallTau[m1, m2] gives Kendall's rank correlation coefficients \\[Tau] for the matrices m1 and m2. KendallTau[dist] gives Kendall's rank correlation matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. KendallTau[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th Kendall rank correlation for the multivariate symbolic ...
- [KendallTauTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KendallTauTest.en.md): KendallTauTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are independent. KendallTauTest[m1, m2] tests whether the matrices m1 and m2 are independent. KendallTauTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [KernelConfigurationEdit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelConfigurationEdit.en.md): KernelConfigurationEdit[kernelspec] gives a dialog for editing the properties of a new kernel specification based on kernelspec. KernelConfigurationEdit[] prompts for the type of kernel to edit.
- [KernelConfiguration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelConfiguration.en.md): KernelConfiguration[spec] specifies a kernel that can be used for RemoteEvaluate or LaunchKernels.
- [KernelEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelEvaluate.en.md): KernelEvaluate[expr] evaluates expr in the Wolfram Language kernel, even when called from compiled code. KernelEvaluate[x, expr] captures the value of the compiled variable x for use in the evaluation of expr. KernelEvaluate[{x1, x2, ...}, expr] captures the values of the xi for use in the evaluation of expr.
- [KernelFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelFunction.en.md): KernelFunction[f] represents a function to be evaluated in the Wolfram Language kernel, even when called from compiled code.
- [KernelMixtureDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelMixtureDistribution.en.md): KernelMixtureDistribution[{x1, x2, ...}] represents a kernel mixture distribution based on the data values xi. KernelMixtureDistribution[{{x1, y1, ...}, {x2, y2, ...}, ...}] represents a multivariate kernel mixture distribution based on data values {xi, yi, ...}. KernelMixtureDistribution[..., bw] represents a kernel mixture distribution with bandwidth bw. KernelMixtureDistribution[..., bw, ker] represents a kernel mixture distribution with bandwidth bw and smoothing kernel ker.
- [KernelModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelModelFit.en.md): KernelModelFit[data] fits the given dataset data using a default local kernel. KernelModelFit[data, bw] uses bandwidth bw for the kernel function. KernelModelFit[data, bw, f] uses the specified local kernel f.
- [KernelObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelObject.en.md): KernelObject[...] represents a kernel available for parallel computing.
- [Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Kernels.en.md): Kernels has been deprecated in favor of ParallelKernels.
- [Ket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ket.en.md): Ket[{k1, k2, ...}] displays as Ket[{k1, k2, ...}].
- [KeyCollisionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyCollisionFunction.en.md): KeyCollisionFunction is an option for JoinAcross that specifies how to handle pairs of elements that are not being joined but nevertheless have the same key.
- [KeyComplement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyComplement.en.md): KeyComplement[{assocall, assoc1, assoc2, ...}] generates an association in which only elements whose keys appear in assocall but not in any of the associ are retained.
- [KeyDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyDrop.en.md): KeyDrop[assoc, {key1, key2, ...}] yields an association from which elements with keys keyi have been dropped. KeyDrop[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}, keys] gives a list of associations. KeyDrop[keys] represents an operator form of KeyDrop that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeyDropFrom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyDropFrom.en.md): KeyDropFrom[a, key] changes the association a by dropping the element with the specified key. KeyDropFrom[a, {key1, key2, ...}] drops the elements with keys keyi.
- [Key](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Key.en.md): Key[key] represents a key used to access a value in an association or a column in a Tabular object. Key[key][assoc] extracts the value corresponding to key in the association assoc.
- [KeyExistsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyExistsQ.en.md): KeyExistsQ[assoc, key] returns True if the specified key exists in the association assoc, and False otherwise. KeyExistsQ[key] represents an operator form of KeyExistsQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeyframeActions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyframeActions.en.md): KeyframeActions is an option for Manipulate and related functions that gives a list of times and control settings.
- [KeyFreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyFreeQ.en.md): KeyFreeQ[assoc, form] yields True if no key in the association assoc matches form, and yields False otherwise. KeyFreeQ[form] represents an operator form of KeyFreeQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeyIntersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyIntersection.en.md): KeyIntersection[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}] generates a list of associations in which only elements whose keys appear in all the associ are retained.
- [KeyMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyMap.en.md): KeyMap[f, <|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>] maps f over the keys in an association, giving <|f[key1] -> val1, f[key2] -> val2, ...|>. KeyMap[f] represents an operator form of KeyMap that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeyMemberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyMemberQ.en.md): KeyMemberQ[assoc, form] yields True if a key in the association assoc matches form, and False otherwise. KeyMemberQ[form] represents an operator form of KeyMemberQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeypointStrength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeypointStrength.en.md): KeypointStrength is an option for ImageKeypoints and related functions to specify a minimum strength of detected keypoints.
- [KeySelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeySelect.en.md): KeySelect[assoc, crit] selects elements in the association assoc for which crit applied to their keys is True. KeySelect[crit] represents an operator form of KeySelect that can be applied to an expression.
- [Keys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Keys.en.md): Keys[<|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>] gives a list of the keys keyi in an association. Keys[{key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...}] gives a list of the keyi in a list of rules. Keys[expr, h] gives a list of keys in expr, wrapping each of them with head h before evaluation.
- [KeySortBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeySortBy.en.md): KeySortBy[assoc, f] sorts the elements of an association in the order defined by applying f to each of their keys. KeySortBy[f] represents an operator form of KeySortBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeySort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeySort.en.md): KeySort[assoc] orders the elements of an association by sorting its keys. KeySort[assoc, p] orders the elements of an association using the ordering function p.
- [KeyTake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyTake.en.md): KeyTake[assoc, {key1, key2, ...}] yields an association containing only the elements with keys keyi. KeyTake[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}, keys] gives a list of associations. KeyTake[{key1, key2, ...}] represents an operator form of KeyTake that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeyUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyUnion.en.md): KeyUnion[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}] generates a list of associations in which each association has the union of the keys of the associ, padding by inserting values of Missing[...] if necessary. KeyUnion[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}, f] uses f[key] as the value associated with a missing key.
- [KeyValueMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyValueMap.en.md): KeyValueMap[f, <|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>] gives the list {f[key1, val1], f[key2, val2], ...}. KeyValueMap[f] represents an operator form of KeyValueMap that can be applied to an expression.
- [KeyValuePattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KeyValuePattern.en.md): KeyValuePattern[{patt1, ...}] is a pattern object that represents an association or list of rules that includes elements matching each of the patti.
- [Khinchin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Khinchin.en.md): Khinchin is Khinchin's constant, with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 2.68545.
- [KillProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KillProcess.en.md): KillProcess[proc] kills the external process represented by the ProcessObject proc.
- [KirchhoffGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KirchhoffGraph.en.md): KirchhoffGraph[kmat] gives the graph with Kirchhoff matrix kmat. KirchhoffGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, kmat] gives the graph with vertices vi and Kirchhoff matrix kmat.
- [KirchhoffMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KirchhoffMatrix.en.md): KirchhoffMatrix[g] gives the Kirchhoff matrix of the graph g. KirchhoffMatrix[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [KleinInvariantJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KleinInvariantJ.en.md): KleinInvariantJ[\\[Tau]] gives the Klein invariant modular elliptic function KleinInvariantJ[\\[Tau]].
- [KnapsackSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnapsackSolve.en.md): KnapsackSolve[{cost1, cost2, ...}, maxtotalcost] solves the knapsack problem of finding the maximum number of items associated with each of the costi, subject to the constraint that the total cost is not larger than maxtotalcost. KnapsackSolve[{{payoff1, cost1}, {payoff2, cost2}, ...}, maxtotalcost] finds a number of items that maximizes the total payoff, while satisfying the constraint on the total cost. KnapsackSolve[{{payoff1, cost1, maxcount1}, ...}, maxtotalcost] allows at most maxcounti ...
- [KnightTourGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnightTourGraph.en.md): KnightTourGraph[m, n] gives a Knight's tour graph on an m*n chessboard.
- [KnotData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnotData.en.md): KnotData[knot,  property] gives the specified property for a knot. KnotData[knot] gives an image of the knot. KnotData[class] gives a list of knots in the specified class.
- [KnownUnitQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KnownUnitQ.en.md): KnownUnitQ[expr] returns True if expr is a canonical unit, and False otherwise. KnownUnitQ[expr, dims] gives True if expr is a canonical unit with physical dimensions dims, and False otherwise.
- [KochCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KochCurve.en.md): KochCurve[n] gives the line segments representing the n^th-step Koch curve. KochCurve[n, {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2, ...}] takes a series of steps of unit length at successive relative angles \\[Theta]i. KochCurve[n, {{r1, \\[Theta]1}, {r2, \\[Theta]2}, ...}] takes successive steps of lengths proportional to ri.
- [KolmogorovSmirnovTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KolmogorovSmirnovTest.en.md): KolmogorovSmirnovTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. KolmogorovSmirnovTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. KolmogorovSmirnovTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [KroneckerDelta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KroneckerDelta.en.md): KroneckerDelta[n1, n2, ...] gives the Kronecker delta \\[Delta] Subscript[n, 1] Subscript[n, 2] ..., equal to 1 if all the ni are equal, and 0 otherwise.
- [KroneckerModelDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KroneckerModelDecomposition.en.md): KroneckerModelDecomposition[ssm] yields the Kronecker decomposition of a descriptor state-space model ssm.
- [KroneckerProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KroneckerProduct.en.md): KroneckerProduct[m1, m2, ...] constructs the Kronecker product of the arrays mi.
- [KroneckerSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KroneckerSymbol.en.md): KroneckerSymbol[n, m] gives the Kronecker symbol (n/m).
- [KuiperTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KuiperTest.en.md): KuiperTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Kuiper test. KuiperTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist using the Kuiper test. KuiperTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [KumaraswamyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KumaraswamyDistribution.en.md): KumaraswamyDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a Kumaraswamy distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta].
- [Kurtosis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Kurtosis.en.md): Kurtosis[data] gives the coefficient of kurtosis for the elements in data. Kurtosis[dist] gives the coefficient of kurtosis for the distribution dist.
- [KuwaharaFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KuwaharaFilter.en.md): KuwaharaFilter[data, r] computes for each element p in data the variance of the values in the four (r + 1)*(r + 1) squares that have p as a corner, and replaces p with the mean of the values of the square with least variance.
- [KVertexConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KVertexConnectedComponents.en.md): KVertexConnectedComponents[g, k] gives the k-vertex-connected components of the graph g. KVertexConnectedComponents[g, k, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the k-vertex-connected components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, ... .
- [KVertexConnectedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KVertexConnectedGraphQ.en.md): KVertexConnectedGraphQ[g, k] yields True if the graph g is k-vertex-connected and False otherwise.
- [LABColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LABColor.en.md): LABColor[l, a, b] represents a color in the CIELAB color space with lightness l and color components a and b. LABColor[l, a, b, \\[Alpha]] specifies opacity \\[Alpha]. LABColor[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. LABColor[color] returns the CIELAB representation of color.
- [Labeled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Labeled.en.md): Labeled[expr, lbl] displays expr labeled with lbl. Labeled[expr, lbl, pos] places lbl at a position specified by pos. Labeled[expr, {lbl1, lbl2, ...}, {pos1, ...}] places the lbli at positions posi. Labeled[expr, {lbl1, lbl2, lbl3, lbl4}, All] places the lbli at the bottom, left, top, and right, respectively.
- [LabeledGraphicsBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LabeledGraphicsBox.en.md): LabeledGraphicsBox[box, lbl] is a low-level construct that represents a graphics box with a label attached to it. LabeledGraphicsBox[box, lbl, pos] places lbl at a position specified by pos. LabeledGraphicsBox[box, {lbl1, lbl2, ...}, {pos1, pos2, ...}] places the lbli at positions posi.
- [Label](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Label.en.md): Label[tag] represents a point in a compound expression to which control can be transferred using Goto.
- [LabelingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LabelingFunction.en.md): LabelingFunction is an option for data visualization functions to automatically label elements of a visualization.
- [LabelingSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LabelingSize.en.md): LabelingSize is an option to visualization functions that specifies the size to be used for labels and callouts.
- [LabelingTarget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LabelingTarget.en.md): LabelingTarget is an option for visualization functions that specifies how many items are automatically labeled.
- [LabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LabelStyle.en.md): LabelStyle is an option for formatting and related constructs that specifies the style to use in displaying their label-like elements.
- [LabelVisibility](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LabelVisibility.en.md): LabelVisibility is an option for Callout and Labeled in plotting functions that determines which labels are shown.
- [LaguerreL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaguerreL.en.md): LaguerreL[n, x] gives the Laguerre polynomial n. LaguerreL[n, a, x] gives the generalized Laguerre polynomial LaguerreL[n, a, x].
- [LakeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LakeData.en.md): LakeData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the lake entity. LakeData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified lake entities. LakeData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [LambdaComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LambdaComponents.en.md): LambdaComponents[g] gives the lambda components of the graph g. LambdaComponents[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the lambda components that include at least one of the vertices {v1, v2, ...}. LambdaComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [LameC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LameC.en.md): LameC[\\[Nu], j, z, m] gives the j^th Lamé function LameC[\\[Nu],j,z,m] of order \\[Nu] with elliptic parameter m.
- [LameCPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LameCPrime.en.md): LameCPrime[\\[Nu], j, z, m] gives the z-derivative of the j^th Lamé function LameC[\\[Nu],j,z,m] of order \\[Nu] with elliptic parameter m.
- [LameEigenvalueA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LameEigenvalueA.en.md): LameEigenvalueA[\\[Nu], j, m] gives the j^th Lamé eigenvalue LameEigenvalueA[\\[Nu],j,m] of order \\[Nu] with elliptic parameter m for the function LameC[\\[Nu], j, z, m].
- [LameEigenvalueB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LameEigenvalueB.en.md): LameEigenvalueB[\\[Nu], j, m] gives the j^th Lamé eigenvalue LameEigenvalueB[\\[Nu],j,m] of order \\[Nu] with elliptic parameter m for the Lamé function LameS[\\[Nu], j, z, m].
- [LameS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LameS.en.md): LameS[\\[Nu], j, z, m] gives the j^th Lamé function LameS[\\[Nu],j,z,m] of order \\[Nu] with elliptic parameter m.
- [LameSPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LameSPrime.en.md): LameSPrime[\\[Nu], j, z, m] gives the z-derivative of the j^th Lamé function LameS[\\[Nu],j,z,m] of order \\[Nu] with elliptic parameter m.
- [LaminaData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaminaData.en.md): LaminaData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the lamina entity. LaminaData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified lamina entities. LaminaData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [LanczosWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LanczosWindow.en.md): LanczosWindow[x] represents a Lanczos window function of x.
- [LandauDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LandauDistribution.en.md): LandauDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a Landau distribution with location parameter \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. LandauDistribution[] represents a Landau distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [LanguageCategory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LanguageCategory.en.md): LanguageCategory is an option for Cell that determines in what category of language the contents of the cell should be assumed to be for purposes of spell checking and hyphenation.
- [LanguageData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LanguageData.en.md): LanguageData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the language entity. LanguageData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified language entities. LanguageData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Language.en.md): Language is an option that specifies the language to use.
- [LanguageIdentify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LanguageIdentify.en.md): LanguageIdentify[string] attempts to determine what human language text in string is in, predominantly. LanguageIdentify[audio] performs language identification in audio recording audio. LanguageIdentify[video] performs language identification of the audio track in video.
- [LaplaceDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplaceDistribution.en.md): LaplaceDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Beta]] represents a Laplace double-exponential distribution with mean \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. LaplaceDistribution[] represents a Laplace double-exponential distribution with mean 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [LaplaceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplaceTransform.en.md): LaplaceTransform[f[t], t, s] gives the symbolic Laplace transform of f[t] in the variable t as F[s] in the variable s. LaplaceTransform[f[t], t, OverscriptBox[s, ^]] gives the numeric Laplace transform at the numerical value OverscriptBox[s, ^]. LaplaceTransform[f[t1, ..., tn], {t1, ..., tn}, {s1, ..., sn}] gives the multidimensional Laplace transform of f[t1, ..., tn].
- [Laplacian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Laplacian.en.md): Laplacian[f, {x1, ..., xn}] gives the Laplacian \\[PartialD]^2 f/\\[PartialD]x1 2 + ... + \\[PartialD]^2 \\ f/\\[PartialD]xn 2. Laplacian[f, {x1, ..., xn}, chart] gives the Laplacian in the given coordinates chart.
- [LaplacianFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplacianFilter.en.md): LaplacianFilter[data, r] convolves data with a radius-r Laplacian kernel. LaplacianFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses radius ri at level i in data.
- [LaplacianGaussianFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplacianGaussianFilter.en.md): LaplacianGaussianFilter[data, r] convolves data with a Laplacian of Gaussian kernel of pixel radius r. LaplacianGaussianFilter[data, {r, \\[Sigma]}] convolves data with a Laplacian of Gaussian kernel of radius r and standard deviation \\[Sigma].
- [LaplacianPDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplacianPDETerm.en.md): LaplacianPDETerm[vars] represents a Laplacian term \\[Del]^2 {Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u with model variables vars. LaplacianPDETerm[vars, pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [Large](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Large.en.md): Large is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be large.
- [Larger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Larger.en.md): Larger is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be larger.
- [Last](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Last.en.md): Last[expr] gives the last element in expr. Last[expr, def] gives the last element if there are any elements, or def otherwise.
- [Latitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Latitude.en.md): Latitude[pos] gives the latitude in degrees of a geographic position specified by pos. Latitude[pos, datum] gives the latitude referring to the specified geodetic datum.
- [LatitudeLongitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatitudeLongitude.en.md): LatitudeLongitude[pos] gives a list of the latitude and longitude in degrees of a geographic position specified by pos. LatitudeLongitude[pos, datum] gives the latitude and longitude referring to the specified geodetic datum.
- [LatticeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatticeData.en.md): LatticeData[lattice,  property] gives the specified property for a lattice. LatticeData[n] gives a list of named lattices of dimension n.
- [LatticeReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatticeReduce.en.md): LatticeReduce[{v1, v2, ...}] gives a reduced basis for the set of vectors vi.
- [LaunchKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaunchKernels.en.md): LaunchKernels[] launches all currently configured parallel subkernels. LaunchKernels[n] launches n local subkernels on the current computer. LaunchKernels[ker] launches the kernel specified by ker. LaunchKernels[{ker1, ker2, ...}] launches the kernels keri.
- [LayeredGraph3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LayeredGraph3D.en.md): LayeredGraph3D[g] creates a graph with vertices and edges from the graph g represented as a 3D layered plot. LayeredGraph3D[{e1, e2, ...}] creates a graph with edges ej represented as a 3D layered plot. LayeredGraph3D[{..., w[ei], ...}] creates a graph with edges ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LayeredGraph3D[..., v -> pos] places the dominant vertex v in the plot at position pos.
- [LayeredGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LayeredGraph.en.md): LayeredGraph[g] creates a graph with vertices and edges from the graph g represented as a layered plot. LayeredGraph[{e1, e2, ...}] creates a graph with edges ej represented as a layered plot. LayeredGraph[{..., w[ei], ...}] creates a graph with edges ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LayeredGraph[..., v -> pos] places the dominant vertex v in the plot at position pos.
- [LayeredGraphPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LayeredGraphPlot3D.en.md): LayeredGraphPlot3D[g] generates a 3D layered plot of the graph g. LayeredGraphPlot3D[{e1, e2, ...}] generates a 3D layered plot of the graph with edges ei. LayeredGraphPlot3D[{..., w[ei], ...}] plots ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LayeredGraphPlot3D[{v i1 -> v j1, ...}] uses rules vik -> vjk to specify the graph g. LayeredGraphPlot3D[m] uses the adjacency matrix m to specify the graph g. LayeredGraphPlot3D[..., v -> pos] places the dominant vertex v in the plot at ...
- [LayeredGraphPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LayeredGraphPlot.en.md): LayeredGraphPlot[g] generates a layered plot of the graph g. LayeredGraphPlot[{e1, e2, ...}] generates a layered plot of the graph with edges ej. LayeredGraphPlot[{..., w[ei], ...}] plots ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LayeredGraphPlot[{v i 1 -> v j 1, ...}] uses rules vik -> vjk to specify the graph g. LayeredGraphPlot[m] uses the adjacency matrix m to specify the graph g. LayeredGraphPlot[..., v -> pos] places the dominant vertex v in the plot at position pos.
- [LayerSizeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LayerSizeFunction.en.md): LayerSizeFunction is an option for TreePlot that gives a function to specify the relative height to allow for each layer.
- [LCHColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LCHColor.en.md): LCHColor[l, c, h] represents a color in the LCH color space with lightness l, chroma c and hue h. LCHColor[l, c, h, a] specifies opacity a. LCHColor[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. LCHColor[color] returns the LCH representation of color.
- [LCM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LCM.en.md): LCM[n1, n2, ...] gives the least common multiple of the ni.
- [LDLDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LDLDecomposition.en.md): LDLDecomposition[m] yields the LDL decomposition of the Hermitian matrix m as a pair {l, d}, where m == l . d . ConjugateTranspose[l].
- [LeaderSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeaderSize.en.md): LeaderSize is an option for Callout that specifies what sizes to use for leader lines.
- [LeafCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeafCount.en.md): LeafCount[expr] gives the total number of indivisible subexpressions in expr.
- [LeapVariant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeapVariant.en.md): LeapVariant[n] represents a repeated calendar element caused by a leap period.
- [LeapYearQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeapYearQ.en.md): LeapYearQ[date] returns True if the year corresponding to date is a leap year.
- [LearnDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LearnDistribution.en.md): LearnDistribution[{example1, example2, ...}] generates a LearnedDistribution[...] that attempts to represent an underlying distribution for the examples given.
- [LearnedDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LearnedDistribution.en.md): LearnedDistribution[...] represents a distribution generated by LearnDistribution.
- [LearningRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LearningRate.en.md): LearningRate is an option for NetTrain that specifies the rate at which to adjust neural net weights in order to minimize the training loss.
- [LearningRateMultipliers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LearningRateMultipliers.en.md): LearningRateMultipliers is an option for net layers and for NetTrain, NetChain, NetGraph that specifies learning rate multipliers to apply during training.
- [LeastSquares](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeastSquares.en.md): LeastSquares[m, b] finds an x that solves the linear least-squares problem for the matrix equation m . x == b. LeastSquares[a, b] finds an x that solves the linear least-squares problem for the array equation a . x == b.
- [LeastSquaresFilterKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeastSquaresFilterKernel.en.md): LeastSquaresFilterKernel[{{\\[Omega]1, ..., \\[Omega] k -1}, \\ {a1, ..., ak}}, n] creates a k-band finite impulse response (FIR) filter kernel of length n designed using a least squares method, given the specified frequencies \\[Omega]i and amplitudes ai. LeastSquaresFilterKernel[{ type, spec}, n] uses the full filter specification { type, spec}.
- [LeftArrowBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftArrowBar.en.md): LeftArrowBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftArrowBar] y \\[LeftArrowBar] ....
- [LeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftArrow.en.md): LeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftArrow] y \\[LeftArrow] ....
- [LeftArrowRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftArrowRightArrow.en.md): LeftArrowRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftArrowRightArrow] y \\[LeftArrowRightArrow] ....
- [LeftDownTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftDownTeeVector.en.md): LeftDownTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftDownTeeVector]y\\[LeftDownTeeVector]....
- [LeftDownVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftDownVectorBar.en.md): LeftDownVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftDownVectorBar]y\\[LeftDownVectorBar]....
- [LeftDownVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftDownVector.en.md): LeftDownVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftDownVector]y\\[LeftDownVector]....
- [Left](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Left.en.md): Left is a symbol that represents the left-hand side for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [LeftJoinAcross](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftJoinAcross.en.md): LeftJoinAcross[{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, keyspec] gives a list of associations obtained by joining those pairs of associations ai and bj in which the values specified by keyspec match, including all unmatched entries from ai. LeftJoinAcross[tab1, tab2, keyspec] joins two tabular objects according to keyspec, including all rows from tab1. LeftJoinAcross[prefix1 -> obj1, prefix2 -> obj2, keyspec] prefixes the keys in obji with prefixi using ExtendedKey[prefixi, ckeyij]. ...
- [LeftRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftRightArrow.en.md): LeftRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftRightArrow] y \\[LeftRightArrow] ....
- [LeftRightVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftRightVector.en.md): LeftRightVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftRightVector]y\\[LeftRightVector]....
- [LeftTeeArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftTeeArrow.en.md): LeftTeeArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftTeeArrow] y \\[LeftTeeArrow] ....
- [LeftTee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftTee.en.md): LeftTee[x, y] displays as x \\[LeftTee] y.
- [LeftTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftTeeVector.en.md): LeftTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftTeeVector] y \\[LeftTeeVector] ....
- [LeftTriangleBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftTriangleBar.en.md): LeftTriangleBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftTriangleBar] y \\[LeftTriangleBar] ....
- [LeftTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftTriangle.en.md): LeftTriangle[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftTriangle] y \\[LeftTriangle] ....
- [LeftTriangleEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftTriangleEqual.en.md): LeftTriangleEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftTriangleEqual] y \\[LeftTriangleEqual] ....
- [LeftUpDownVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftUpDownVector.en.md): LeftUpDownVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftUpDownVector]y\\[LeftUpDownVector]....
- [LeftUpTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftUpTeeVector.en.md): LeftUpTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftUpTeeVector]y\\[LeftUpTeeVector]....
- [LeftUpVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftUpVectorBar.en.md): LeftUpVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftUpVectorBar]y\\[LeftUpVectorBar]....
- [LeftUpVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftUpVector.en.md): LeftUpVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftUpVector]y\\[LeftUpVector]....
- [LeftVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftVectorBar.en.md): LeftVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LeftVectorBar]y\\[LeftVectorBar]....
- [LeftVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeftVector.en.md): LeftVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LeftVector] y \\[LeftVector] ....
- [LegendAppearance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendAppearance.en.md): LegendAppearance is an option for charting functions that specifies the appearance of any legends that are generated.
- [Legended](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Legended.en.md): Legended[expr, leg] displays expr with legend leg. Legended[expr, lbl] indicates in plotting and charting functions that a legend entry for expr should be created, with label lbl.
- [LegendFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendFunction.en.md): LegendFunction is an option for legends that specifies an overall function to apply to the generated legend.
- [LegendLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendLabel.en.md): LegendLabel is an option for legends that specifies an overall label for a legend.
- [LegendLayout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendLayout.en.md): LegendLayout is an option for legends that specifies how to format the legend content.
- [LegendMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendMargins.en.md): LegendMargins is an option for legends that specifies the margins to leave around the legend.
- [LegendMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendMarkers.en.md): LegendMarkers is an option for legends such as PointLegend that specifies markers for each element.
- [LegendMarkerSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendMarkerSize.en.md): LegendMarkerSize is an option for legends such as PointLegend that specifies the size of marker regions for each element.
- [LegendreP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendreP.en.md): LegendreP[n, x] gives the Legendre polynomial n. LegendreP[n, m, x] gives the associated Legendre polynomial LegendreP[n, m, x].
- [LegendreQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendreQ.en.md): LegendreQ[n, z] gives the Legendre function of the second kind n. LegendreQ[n, m, z] gives the associated Legendre function of the second kind LegendreQ[n, m, z].
- [LegendreType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LegendreType.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), LegendreType has been superseded by additional arguments to LegendreP and LegendreQ.
- [Length](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Length.en.md): Length[expr] gives the number of elements in expr.
- [LengthWhile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LengthWhile.en.md): LengthWhile[list, crit] gives the number of contiguous elements ei starting at the beginning of list for which crit[ei] is True.
- [LerchPhi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LerchPhi.en.md): LerchPhi[z, s, a] gives the Lerch transcendent LerchPhi[z,s,a].
- [Less](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Less.en.md): x < y yields True if x is determined to be less than y. x1 < x2 < x3 yields True if the xi form a strictly increasing sequence.
- [LessEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessEqual.en.md): x <= y or x <= y yields True if x is determined to be less than or equal to y. x1 <= x2 <= x3 yields True if the xi form a nondecreasing sequence.
- [LessEqualGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessEqualGreater.en.md): LessEqualGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LessEqualGreater] y \\[LessEqualGreater] ....
- [LessEqualThan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessEqualThan.en.md): LessEqualThan[y] is an operator form that yields x <= y when applied to an expression x.
- [LessFullEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessFullEqual.en.md): LessFullEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LessFullEqual] y \\[LessFullEqual] ....
- [LessGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessGreater.en.md): LessGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LessGreater] y \\[LessGreater] ....
- [LessLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessLess.en.md): LessLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LessLess] y \\[LessLess] ....
- [LessSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessSlantEqual.en.md): LessSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LessSlantEqual] y \\[LessSlantEqual] ....
- [LessThan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessThan.en.md): LessThan[y] is an operator form that yields x < y when applied to an expression x.
- [LessTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LessTilde.en.md): LessTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LessTilde] y \\[LessTilde] ....
- [LetterCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LetterCharacter.en.md): LetterCharacter represents a letter character in StringExpression.
- [LetterCounts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LetterCounts.en.md): LetterCounts[string] gives an association whose keys are the distinct letters in string, and whose values give the number of times those letters appear in string. LetterCounts[string, n] gives counts of the distinct n-grams consisting of runs of n letters in string. LetterCounts[string, n, {SubscriptBox[c, 1], SubscriptBox[c, 2], ...}] allows the characters ci to appear in n-grams, in addition to ordinary letters. LetterCounts[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, ...] gives ...
- [LetterNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LetterNumber.en.md): LetterNumber[c] gives the position of the character c in the English alphabet. LetterNumber[c, alpha] gives the position of c in the alphabet specified by alpha. LetterNumber[string, ...] gives a list of the positions of characters in string.
- [LetterQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LetterQ.en.md): LetterQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are letters, and yields False otherwise.
- [Level](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Level.en.md): Level[expr, levelspec] gives a list of all subexpressions of expr on levels specified by levelspec. Level[expr, levelspec, f] applies f to the sequence of subexpressions.
- [LeveneTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeveneTest.en.md): LeveneTest[data] tests whether the variance of data is 1. LeveneTest[{data1, data2, ...}] tests whether the variances of data1, data2, ... are equal. LeveneTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2] tests a dispersion measure against \\[Sigma]_0^2. LeveneTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [LeviCivitaTensor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeviCivitaTensor.en.md): LeviCivitaTensor[d] gives the d-dimensional Levi-Civita totally antisymmetric tensor.
- [LevyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LevyDistribution.en.md): LevyDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a Lévy distribution with location parameter \\[Mu] and dispersion parameter \\[Sigma].
- [LexicographicOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LexicographicOrder.en.md): LexicographicOrder[{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}] gives Order[ai, bi] for the first non-coinciding pair ai, bi of elements, and 0 if the lists are identical. LexicographicOrder[{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, p] uses the ordering function p to compare ai with bi. LexicographicOrder[p] represents an operator form that compares lists when applied to {a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}.
- [LexicographicSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LexicographicSort.en.md): LexicographicSort[{e1, e2, ...}] sorts the list of expressions ei in lexicographic order. LexicographicSort[{e1, e2, ...}, p] compares elements of the ei expressions using the ordering function p.
- [LibraryDataType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryDataType.en.md): LibraryDataType[datatype] specifies the data type for a LibraryFunction argument or result to be datatype. LibraryDataType[datatype, etype] specifies an element type etype for data structures. LibraryDataType[datatype, etype, d] specifies an array depth d for array data types.
- [LibraryFunctionDeclaration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryFunctionDeclaration.en.md): LibraryFunctionDeclaration[extName, lib, type] represents a function declaration that exposes the library function extName with the type type from the library lib, for use in compiled code. LibraryFunctionDeclaration[name ->  extName, lib, type] aliases the function with name in compiled code. LibraryFunctionDeclaration[nameSpec, type] assumes that the library will be loaded by the time the function is compiled.
- [LibraryFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryFunction.en.md): LibraryFunction[args] represents a function that has been loaded from a Wolfram Library.
- [LibraryFunctionError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryFunctionError.en.md): LibraryFunctionError[name, code] represents an error returned from a LibraryFunction.
- [LibraryFunctionInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryFunctionInformation.en.md): LibraryFunctionInformation[fun] returns information about a LibraryFunction.
- [LibraryFunctionLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryFunctionLoad.en.md): LibraryFunctionLoad[lib, fun, argtype, rettype] loads Wolfram Library lib and makes the library function fun available in the Wolfram Language.
- [LibraryFunctionUnload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryFunctionUnload.en.md): LibraryFunctionUnload[fun] unloads a LibraryFunction so that it cannot be used.
- [LibraryLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryLoad.en.md): LibraryLoad[lib] loads the dynamic library lib into the Wolfram System runtime.
- [LibraryUnload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LibraryUnload.en.md): LibraryUnload[lib] unloads all functions that have been loaded from a Wolfram Library, then it unloads the library.
- [LicenseEntitlementObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LicenseEntitlementObject.en.md): LicenseEntitlementObject[...] represents an on-demand license entitlement. LicenseEntitlementObject[id] gives the entitlement object representing the entitlement specified by id.
- [LicenseEntitlements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LicenseEntitlements.en.md): LicenseEntitlements[] gives a list of on-demand license entitlements owned by you.
- [LicensingSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LicensingSettings.en.md): LicensingSettings is an option for RemoteBatchSubmit and related functions to configure licensing for remote kernels.
- [LiftingFilterData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingFilterData.en.md): LiftingFilterData[...] represents lifting-filter data used to compute forward and inverse lifting wavelet transforms.
- [LiftingWaveletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.en.md): LiftingWaveletTransform[data] gives the lifting wavelet transform (LWT) of an array of data. LiftingWaveletTransform[data, wave] gives the lifting wavelet transform using the wavelet wave. LiftingWaveletTransform[data, wave, r] gives the lifting wavelet transform using r levels of refinement.
- [LightBlue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightBlue.en.md): LightBlue represents a light blue color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightBrown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightBrown.en.md): LightBrown represents a light brown color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightCyan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightCyan.en.md): LightCyan represents a light cyan color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightDarkAutoColorRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightDarkAutoColorRules.en.md): LightDarkAutoColorRules is an option for Style that specifies how to map fixed colors from light to dark mode.
- [LightDark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightDark.en.md): LightDark is an option for notebooks that specifies whether to display notebook contents in light or dark mode.
- [LightDarkSwitched](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightDarkSwitched.en.md): LightDarkSwitched[lightcolor, darkcolor] displays lightcolor if used in a light mode notebook; otherwise, it displays darkcolor. LightDarkSwitched[lightcolor, Automatic] uses an automatic dark color alternative for lightcolor. LightDarkSwitched[Automatic, darkcolor] uses an automatic light color alternative for darkcolor. LightDarkSwitched[lightcolor] is equivalent to LightDarkSwitched[lightcolor, Automatic].
- [Lighter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Lighter.en.md): Lighter[color] represents a lighter version of the specified color. Lighter[color, f] represents a version of the specified color lightened by a fraction f. Lighter[image, ...] gives a lighter version of an image. Lighter[video, ...] gives a version of a video with lighter frames.
- [LightGray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightGray.en.md): LightGray represents a light gray color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightGreen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightGreen.en.md): LightGreen represents a light green color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightingAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightingAngle.en.md): LightingAngle is an option for ReliefPlot and related functions that specifies the angle from which simulated illumination is taken to come.
- [Lighting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Lighting.en.md): Lighting is an option for Graphics3D and related functions that specifies what simulated lighting to use in coloring 3D surfaces.
- [LightMagenta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightMagenta.en.md): LightMagenta represents a light magenta color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightModePane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightModePane.en.md): LightModePane[expr] displays as a light mode pane containing expr. LightModePane[expr, w] makes the pane be w printer's points wide, linewrapping the contents if necessary. LightModePane[expr, {w, h}] makes the pane be w points wide and h points high, shrinking the contents if necessary.
- [LightOrange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightOrange.en.md): LightOrange represents a light orange color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightPink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightPink.en.md): LightPink represents a light pink color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightPurple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightPurple.en.md): LightPurple represents a light purple color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightRed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightRed.en.md): LightRed represents a light red color in graphics or style specifications.
- [LightSources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightSources.en.md): As of Version 6.0, LightSources has been superseded by settings for Lighting.
- [LightYellow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightYellow.en.md): LightYellow represents a light yellow color in graphics or style specifications.
- [Likelihood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Likelihood.en.md): Likelihood[dist, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the likelihood function for observations x1, x2, ... from the distribution dist. Likelihood[proc, {{t1, x1}, {t2, x2}, ...}] gives the likelihood function for the observations xi at time ti from the process proc. Likelihood[proc, {path1, path2, ...}] gives the likelihood function for observations from path1, path2, ... from the process proc.
- [Limit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Limit.en.md): Limit[f, x -> x^*] gives the limit \\[Limit] x -> x^* f (x). Limit[f, {x1 -> x_1^*, ..., xn -> x_n^*}] gives the nested limit UnderscriptBox[\\[Limit], x1 -> x_1^*] \\[CenterEllipsis] UnderscriptBox[\\[Limit], xn -> x_n^*] f\\[InvisibleApplication] (x1, ..., xn). Limit[f, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives the multivariate limit UnderscriptBox[\\[Limit], {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] f\\[InvisibleApplication] (x1, ..., xn).
- [LimitsPositioning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LimitsPositioning.en.md): LimitsPositioning is an option for UnderoverscriptBox and related boxes that specifies whether to change the positioning of underscripts and overscripts in the way conventional for limits.
- [LimitsPositioningTokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LimitsPositioningTokens.en.md): LimitsPositioningTokens is an option for selections that specifies a set of characters for which the option LimitsPositioning is set to True by default.
- [LindleyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LindleyDistribution.en.md): LindleyDistribution[\\[Delta]] represents a Lindley distribution with shape parameter \\[Delta].
- [LinearFractionalOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearFractionalOptimization.en.md): LinearFractionalOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the linear fractional objective f subject to linear constraints cons. LinearFractionalOptimization[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta]}, \\ {a, b}] finds a vector x that minimizes the linear fractional function (\\[Alpha] . x + \\[Beta])/(\\[Gamma] . x + \\[Delta]) subject to the linear inequality constraints a . x + b \\[SucceedsEqual] 0. LinearFractionalOptimization[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], ...
- [LinearFractionalTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearFractionalTransform.en.md): LinearFractionalTransform[m] gives a TransformationFunction that represents a linear fractional transformation defined by the homogeneous matrix m. LinearFractionalTransform[{a, b, c, d}] represents a linear fractional transformation that maps r to (a . r + b)/(c . r + d).
- [LinearGradientFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearGradientFilling.en.md): LinearGradientFilling[{col1, col2, ..., coln}] is a two-dimensional graphics directive specifying that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using a progressive transition between colors coli along a straight horizontal line. LinearGradientFilling[{pos1, pos2, ..., posn} -> {col1, col2, ..., coln}] uses the colors coli at the scaled positions posi. LinearGradientFilling[{pos1, pos2, ..., posn} -> {col1, col2, ..., coln}, dir] draws along the straight line ...
- [LinearGradientImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearGradientImage.en.md): LinearGradientImage[gcol] returns an image with values linearly changing from left to right based on gradient color gcol. LinearGradientImage[{pos1, pos2} -> gcol] returns an image where the gradient starts at pos1 and ends at pos2. LinearGradientImage[..., size] returns a linear gradient image of the specified size. LinearGradientImage[..., size, type] gives an image converted to the specified type.
- [LinearizingTransformationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearizingTransformationData.en.md): LinearizingTransformationData[...] represents data of an AffineStateSpaceModel linearized by functions such as FeedbackLinearize and StateTransformationLinearize using transformation of variables.
- [LinearLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearLayer.en.md): LinearLayer[n] represents a trainable, fully connected net layer that computes w . x + b with output vector of size n. LinearLayer[{n1, n2, ...}] represents a layer that outputs an array of dimensions n1*n2*.... LinearLayer[] leaves the dimensions of the output array to be inferred from context. LinearLayer[n, opts] includes options for initial weights and other parameters.
- [LinearModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearModel.en.md): LinearModel[] represents a linear combination of the input features. LinearModel[{f 1, ...}, vars] represents a linear combination of the functions fi in the variables vars. LinearModel[{f 1, ...}, pars, vars] uses explicit parameter values and names pars.
- [LinearModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearModelFit.en.md): LinearModelFit[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, x] constructs a linear model of the form \\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + ... that fits the yi for successive xi values. LinearModelFit[data, {f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] constructs a linear model where the fi depend on the variables xk. LinearModelFit[{m, v}] constructs a linear model from the design matrix m and response vector v.
- [LinearOffsetFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearOffsetFunction.en.md): LinearOffsetFunction is an option for linear and generalized linear model fitting functions that specifies a component for the model that is to be assumed known.
- [LinearOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearOptimization.en.md): LinearOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the linear objective f subject to linear constraints cons. LinearOptimization[c, {a, b}] finds a real vector x that minimizes the linear objective c . x subject to the linear inequality constraints a . x + b \\[SucceedsEqual] 0. LinearOptimization[c, {a, b}, {aeq, beq}] includes the linear equality constraints aeq . x + beq == 0. LinearOptimization[c, ..., {dom1, dom2, ...}] takes xi to be in the domain domi, where ...
- [LinearProgramming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearProgramming.en.md): As of Version 13.0, LinearProgramming has been superseded by LinearOptimization.
- [LinearRecurrence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearRecurrence.en.md): LinearRecurrence[ker, init, n] gives the sequence of length n obtained by iterating the linear recurrence with kernel ker starting with initial values init. LinearRecurrence[ker, init, {n}] gives the n^th term. LinearRecurrence[ker, init, {nmin, nmax}] yields terms nmin through nmax.
- [LinearSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearSolve.en.md): LinearSolve[m, b] finds an x that solves the matrix equation m . x == b. LinearSolve[m] generates a LinearSolveFunction[...] that can be applied repeatedly to different b. LinearSolve[a, b] finds an x that solves the array equation a . x == b.
- [LinearSolveFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearSolveFunction.en.md): LinearSolveFunction[dimensions, data] represents a function for providing solutions to a matrix equation.
- [LinebreakAdjustments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinebreakAdjustments.en.md): LinebreakAdjustments is an option for selections that sets parameters used for calculating where automatic line breaks should be inserted.
- [LineBreakChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineBreakChart.en.md): LineBreakChart[{{date1, p1}, {date2, p2}, ...}] makes a line break chart with prices pi at date datei. LineBreakChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a line break chart of closing prices for the financial entity  name over the date range daterange. LineBreakChart[{...}, n] makes a line break chart where n bars in a row cause a reversal.
- [LineBreakWithin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineBreakWithin.en.md): LineBreakWithin is an option for selections that specifies whether line breaks occur automatically when the end of a line is reached.
- [Line](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Line.en.md): Line[{p1, p2, ...}] represents the line segments joining a sequence for points pi. Line[{{p11, p12, ...}, {p21, ...}, ...}] represents a collection of lines.
- [LineGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineGraph.en.md): LineGraph[g] gives the line graph of the graph g. LineGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [LineIndent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIndent.en.md): LineIndent is an option for Style and Cell that specifies how many ems of indentation to add at the beginnings of lines for each level of nesting in an expression.
- [LineIndentMaxFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIndentMaxFraction.en.md): LineIndentMaxFraction is an option for Cell, StyleBox, and Style that specifies the maximum fraction of the total page width to indent at the beginnings of lines.
- [LineIntegralConvolutionPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIntegralConvolutionPlot.en.md): LineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{{vx, vy}, image}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a line integral convolution plot of image convolved with the vector field {vx, vy} as a function of x and y. LineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a line integral convolution plot of white noise with the vector field {vx, vy}.
- [LineIntegralConvolutionScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIntegralConvolutionScale.en.md): LineIntegralConvolutionScale is an option to LineIntegralConvolutionPlot and related functions that determines the scale of the line integral convolution to be used.
- [LineIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIntegrate.en.md): LineIntegrate[f, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] curve] computes the scalar line integral of the function f[x, y, ...] over the curve. LineIntegrate[{p, q, ...}, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] curve] computes the vector line integral of the vector function {p[x, y, ...], q[x, y, ...], ...}.
- [LineLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineLegend.en.md): LineLegend[{col1, ...}, {lbl1, ...}] generates a legend that associates color coli with label lbli. LineLegend[{col1, ...}, Automatic] generates a legend with placeholder labels for the colors coli. LineLegend[{lbl1, ...}] represents a legend with inherited colors within visualization functions.
- [LineSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineSpacing.en.md): LineSpacing is an option for Style and Cell that specifies the spacing between successive lines of text.
- [LinkActivate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkActivate.en.md): LinkActivate[lnk] activates a WSTP connection, waiting for the program at the other end to respond.
- [LinkClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkClose.en.md): LinkClose[link] closes an open WSTP connection.
- [LinkConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkConnect.en.md): LinkConnect[name] connects to a WSTP link created by another program.
- [LinkCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkCreate.en.md): LinkCreate[name] creates a WSTP link with the specified name for another program to connect to. LinkCreate[] creates a WSTP link and picks an unused name for the link.
- [LinkFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkFunction.en.md): LinkFunction is an option for GeneralizedLinearModelFit that specifies the link function for the generalized linear model.
- [LinkInterrupt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkInterrupt.en.md): LinkInterrupt[link] sends an interrupt to the program at the other end of the specified WSTP connection.
- [LinkLaunch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkLaunch.en.md): LinkLaunch[prog] starts the external program prog and opens a WSTP connection to it.
- [LinkObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkObject.en.md): LinkObject[name, n1, n2] is an object that represents an active WSTP connection for functions such as LinkRead and LinkWrite.
- [LinkOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkOpen.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), LinkOpen has been superseded by LinkCreate, LinkConnect, and LinkLaunch.
- [LinkPatterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkPatterns.en.md): LinkPatterns[link] gives a list of the patterns for which definitions were set up when the external program associated with the specified WSTP connection was installed.
- [LinkProtocol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkProtocol.en.md): LinkProtocol is an option to LinkLaunch, Install and related functions that specifies the underlying data transport protocol to use for a new WSTP link.
- [LinkRankCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkRankCentrality.en.md): LinkRankCentrality[g, \\[Alpha]] gives the link-rank centralities for edges in the graph g and weight \\[Alpha]. LinkRankCentrality[g, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] gives the link-rank centralities, using weight \\[Alpha] and initial vertex page-rank centralities \\[Beta]. LinkRankCentrality[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [LinkRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkRead.en.md): LinkRead[link] reads one expression from the specified WSTP connection. LinkRead[link, h] wraps h around the expression read before evaluating it.
- [LinkReadyQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkReadyQ.en.md): LinkReadyQ[link] tests whether there is an expression ready to read from the specified WSTP connection. LinkReadyQ[link, t] waits for up to t seconds to see if an expression becomes ready to read. LinkReadyQ[{link1, link2, ...}, t] tests all the linki in parallel, returning as soon as any of them are ready to read from.
- [Links](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Links.en.md): Links[] gives a list of all WSTP connections that are currently open. Links[patt] lists only links whose names match the specified string pattern.
- [LinkWrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinkWrite.en.md): LinkWrite[link, expr] writes expr to the specified WSTP connection.
- [LiouvilleLambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiouvilleLambda.en.md): LiouvilleLambda[n] gives the Liouville function \\[Lambda] (n).
- [Listable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Listable.en.md): Listable is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that the function f should automatically be threaded over lists that appear as its arguments.
- [ListAnimate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListAnimate.en.md): ListAnimate[{expr1, expr2, ...}] generates an animation whose frames are the successive expri. ListAnimate[list, fps] displays fps frames per second.
- [ListContourPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListContourPlot3D.en.md): ListContourPlot3D[farr] generates a contour plot from an array farr with values farr[[i, j, k]] at points {k, j, i}. ListContourPlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1, f1}, {x2, y2, z2, f2}, ...}] generates a contour plot from values fi at point {xi, yi, zi}.
- [ListContourPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListContourPlot.en.md): ListContourPlot[{{f11, ..., f 1 n}, ..., {f m 1, ..., fmn}}] generates a contour plot from an array of values fij. ListContourPlot[{{x1, y1, f1}, ..., {x k, y k, f k}}] generates a contour plot from values fi specified at points {xi, yi}.
- [ListConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListConvolve.en.md): ListConvolve[ker, list] forms the convolution of the kernel ker with list. ListConvolve[ker, list, k] forms the cyclic convolution in which the k^th element of ker is aligned with each element in list. ListConvolve[ker, list, {kL, kR}] forms the cyclic convolution whose first element contains list[[1]] ker[[kL]] and whose last element contains list[[-1]] ker[[kR]]. ListConvolve[ker, list, klist, p] forms the convolution in which list is padded at each end with repetitions of the element p. ...
- [ListCorrelate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListCorrelate.en.md): ListCorrelate[ker, list] forms the correlation of the kernel ker with list. ListCorrelate[ker, list, k] forms the cyclic correlation in which the k^th element of ker is aligned with each element in list. ListCorrelate[ker, list, {kL, kR}] forms the cyclic correlation whose first element contains list[[1]] ker[[kL]] and whose last element contains list[[-1]] ker[[kR]]. ListCorrelate[ker, list, klist, p] forms the correlation in which list is padded at each end with repetitions of the element p. ...
- [ListCurvePathPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListCurvePathPlot.en.md): ListCurvePathPlot[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots a curve that corresponds to a smooth path through the specified points.
- [ListDeconvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListDeconvolve.en.md): ListDeconvolve[ker, list] gives a deconvolution of list using kernel ker.
- [ListDensityPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListDensityPlot3D.en.md): ListDensityPlot3D[farr] generates a smooth density plot from an array of values farr. ListDensityPlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1, f1}, ..., {xn, yn, zn, fn}}] generates a density plot with values fi at the specified points {xi, yi, zi}.
- [ListDensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListDensityPlot.en.md): ListDensityPlot[{{f11, ..., f 1 n}, ..., {f m 1, ..., fmn}}] generates a smooth density plot from an array of values fij. ListDensityPlot[{{x1, y1, f1}, ..., {x k, y k, f k}}] generates a density plot with values fi defined at specified points {xi, yi}.
- [List](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/List.en.md): {e1, e2, ...} is a list of elements.
- [ListFitPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListFitPlot3D.en.md): ListFitPlot3D[{{f11, ..., f 1 n}, ..., {f m 1, ..., fmn}}] generates a regression surface for data with height fij at {x, y} position {j, i}. ListFitPlot3D[{{x1, y1, f1}, ..., {x k, y k, f k}}] generates a regression surface for data with height fi at {x, y} position {xi, yi}.
- [ListFitPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListFitPlot.en.md): ListFitPlot[{y1, ..., yn}] plots a local regression line for the points {1, y1}, ..., {n, yn}. ListFitPlot[{{x1, y1}, ..., {xn, yn}}] plots a local regression line for the points {x1, y1}, ..., {xn, yn}. ListFitPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots local regression lines from all the datai. ListFitPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListFormat.en.md): ListFormat is an option to TextString and related functions that determines how lists are formatted.
- [ListFourierSequenceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListFourierSequenceTransform.en.md): ListFourierSequenceTransform[list, \\[Omega]] gives the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) of a list as a function of the parameter \\[Omega]. ListFourierSequenceTransform[list, \\[Omega], k] places the first element of list at integer time k on the infinite time axis. ListFourierSequenceTransform[list, {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]2, \\ ...}, {k1, k2, ...}] gives the multidimensional discrete-time Fourier transform
- [ListInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListInterpolation.en.md): ListInterpolation[array] constructs an InterpolatingFunction object that represents an approximate function that interpolates the array of values given. ListInterpolation[array, {{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}] specifies the domain of the grid from which the values in array are assumed to come.
- [ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot.en.md): ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{array, image}] generates a line integral convolution plot of image convolved with the vector field defined by an array of vector field values. ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[array] generates a line integral convolution plot of white noise convolved with the vector field defined by array. ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot[{{{{x1, y1}, {vx1, vy1}}, ...}, image}] generates a line integral convolution plot of image convolved with the vector field defined by vectors ...
- [ListLinePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLinePlot3D.en.md): ListLinePlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ..., {xn, yn, zn}}] plots a curve through the 3D points {xi, yi, zi}. ListLinePlot3D[{{z11, z12, ..., z 1 n}, ..., {z m 1, z m 2, ..., zmn}}] plots each row {z i 1, z i 2, ..., z in} as a curve in the x direction, with successive curves stacked in the y direction. ListLinePlot3D[{data1, data2, ...}] plots curves through multiple sets of {x, y, z} points.
- [ListLinePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLinePlot.en.md): ListLinePlot[{y1, ..., yn}] plots a line through the points {1, y1}, ..., {n, yn}. ListLinePlot[{{x1, y1}, ..., {xn, yn}}] plots a line through the points {x1, y1}, ..., {xn, yn}. ListLinePlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots lines from all the datai. ListLinePlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListLogLinearPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLogLinearPlot.en.md): ListLogLinearPlot[{y1, y2, ...}] makes a log-linear plot of the yi, assumed to correspond to x coordinates 1, 2, .... ListLogLinearPlot[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] makes a log-linear plot of the specified list of x and y values. ListLogLinearPlot[{list1, list2, ...}] plots several lists of values. ListLogLinearPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListLogLogPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLogLogPlot.en.md): ListLogLogPlot[{y1, y2, ...}] makes a log-log plot of the yi, assumed to correspond to x coordinates 1, 2, .... ListLogLogPlot[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] makes a log-log plot of the specified list of x and y values. ListLogLogPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. ListLogLogPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListLogPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLogPlot.en.md): ListLogPlot[{y1, y2, ...}] makes a log plot of the yi, assumed to correspond to x coordinates 1, 2, .... ListLogPlot[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] makes a log plot of the specified list of x and y values. ListLogPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. ListLogPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListPickerBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPickerBox.en.md): ListPickerBox[list, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] is a low-level box structure that represents a list pane control.
- [ListPickerBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPickerBoxOptions.en.md): ListPickerBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for ListPickerBox objects.
- [ListPicker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPicker.en.md): ListPicker[list, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a list pane with setting list that can contain possible values vali. ListPicker[Dynamic[list], {val1, ...}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of list, with members added or removed each time an item is selected or deselected. ListPicker[list, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] represents a list pane in which the possible value vali is indicated by lbli.
- [ListPlay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlay.en.md): ListPlay[{a1, a2, ...}] creates an object that plays as a sound whose amplitude is given by the sequence of levels ai.
- [ListPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot3D.en.md): ListPlot3D[{{f11, ..., f 1 n}, ..., {f m 1, ..., fmn}}] generates a surface with height fij at {x, y} position {j, i}. ListPlot3D[{{x1, y1, f1}, ..., {x k, y k, f k}}] generates a surface with height fi at {x, y} position {xi, yi}. ListPlot3D[{data1, data2, ...}] plots the surfaces corresponding to each of the datai.
- [ListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPlot.en.md): ListPlot[{y1, ..., yn}] plots regularly spaced points {i, yi}. ListPlot[{{x1, y1}, ..., {xn, yn}}] generates a scatter plot with points {xi, yi}. ListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots points from all the datai. ListPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListPointPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPointPlot3D.en.md): ListPointPlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}] generates a 3D scatter plot of points with coordinates {xi, yi, zi}. ListPointPlot3D[array] generates a 3D scatter plot of points with a 2D array of height values. ListPointPlot3D[{data1, data2, ...}] plots several collections of points, by default in different colors.
- [ListPolarPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListPolarPlot.en.md): ListPolarPlot[{r1, r2, ...}] plots points equally spaced in angle at radii ri. ListPolarPlot[{{\\[Theta]1, r1}, {\\[Theta]2, r2}, ...}] plots points at polar coordinates \\[Theta]i, ri. ListPolarPlot[{list1, list2, ...}] plots several lists of values.
- [ListQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListQ.en.md): ListQ[expr] gives True if the head of expr is List, and False otherwise.
- [ListSliceContourPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListSliceContourPlot3D.en.md): ListSliceContourPlot3D[farr, surf] generates a contour plot of the three-dimensional farr of values sliced to the surface surf. ListSliceContourPlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1, f1}, {x2, y2, z2, f2}, ...}, surf] generates a slice contour plot for the values fi at points {xi, yi, zi}. ListSliceContourPlot3D[..., {surf1, surf2, ...}] generates slice contour plots over several slices surf1, surf2, ....
- [ListSliceDensityPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListSliceDensityPlot3D.en.md): ListSliceDensityPlot3D[farr, surf] generates a density plot of the three-dimensional farr of values sliced to the surface surf. ListSliceDensityPlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1, f1}, {x2, y2, z2, f2}, ...}, surf] generates a slice density plot for the values fi at points {xi, yi, zi}. ListSliceDensityPlot3D[..., {surf1, surf2, ...}] generates slice density plots over several slices surf1, surf2, ....
- [ListSliceVectorPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListSliceVectorPlot3D.en.md): ListSliceVectorPlot3D[varr, surf] generates a vector plot from a 3D array varr of vector field values over the slice surface surf. ListSliceVectorPlot3D[..., {surf1, surf2, ...}] generates a slice vector plot over several surfaces surf1, surf2, ....
- [ListStepPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStepPlot.en.md): ListStepPlot[{y1, y2, ...}] plots the values y1, y2, ... in steps at points 1, 2, .... ListStepPlot[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots the values y1, y2, ... in steps at points x1, x2, .... ListStepPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. ListStepPlot[data, step] plots using steps specified by step. ListStepPlot[{..., w[datai, ...], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [ListStreamDensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamDensityPlot.en.md): ListStreamDensityPlot[varr] generates a stream density plot from an array varr of vector and scalar field values {{vxij, vyij}, rij}. ListStreamDensityPlot[{{{x1, y1}, {{vx1, vy1}, r1}}, ...}] generates a stream density plot from vector and scalar field values {{vxi, vyi}, ri} given at specified points {xi, yi}. ListStreamDensityPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data for several vector and scalar fields.
- [ListStreamPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamPlot3D.en.md): ListStreamPlot3D[varr] plots streamlines for the vector field given as an array of vectors.
- [ListStreamPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamPlot.en.md): ListStreamPlot[varr] generates a stream plot from an array varr of vectors. ListStreamPlot[{{{x1, y1}, {vx1, vy1}}, ...}] generates a stream plot from vectors {vxi, vyi} given at points {xi, yi}. ListStreamPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data for several vector fields.
- [ListSurfacePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListSurfacePlot3D.en.md): ListSurfacePlot3D[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}] plots a three-dimensional surface constructed to fit the specified points.
- [ListVectorDensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorDensityPlot.en.md): ListVectorDensityPlot[varr] generates a vector density plot from an array varr of vector and scalar field values {{vxij, vyij}, rij}. ListVectorDensityPlot[{{{x1, y1}, {{vx1, vy1}, r1}}, ...}] generates a vector density plot from vector and scalar field values {{vxi, vyi}, ri} given at specified points {xi, yi}. ListVectorDensityPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data for several vector and scalar fields.
- [ListVectorDisplacementPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorDisplacementPlot3D.en.md): ListVectorDisplacementPlot3D[{{{vx11, vy11, vz11}, ..., {vx 1 n, vy 1 n, vz 1 n}}, ..., {{vx m 1, vy m 1, vz m 1}, ..., {vxmn, vymn, vzmn}}}] generates a displacement plot from an array of vector displacements {vxij, vyij, vzij}. ListVectorDisplacementPlot3D[{{{x1, y1, z1}, {vx1, vy1, vz1}}, ..., {{xn, yn, zn}, {vxn, vyn, vzn}}}] generates a displacement plot from displacements {vxi, vyi, vzi} at point {xi, yi, zi}. ListVectorDisplacementPlot3D[{{{{vx11, vy11, vz11}, s11}, ..., {{vx 1 n, vy 1 ...
- [ListVectorDisplacementPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorDisplacementPlot.en.md): ListVectorDisplacementPlot[{{{vx11, vy11}, ..., {vx 1 n, vy 1 n}}, ..., {{vx m 1, vy m 1}, ..., {vxmn, vymn}}}] generates a displacement plot from an array of vector displacements {vxij, vyij}. ListVectorDisplacementPlot[{{{x1, y1}, {vx1, vy1}}, ..., {{x1, y1}, {vx1, vy1}}}] generates a displacement plot from displacements {vxi, vyi} at point {xi, yi}. ListVectorDisplacementPlot[{{ {{vx11, vy11}, s11}, ..., {{vx 1 n, vy 1 n}, s 1 n}}, ..., { {{vxmi, vy m 1}, s m 1}, ..., {{vxmn, vymn}, smn}}}] ...
- [ListVectorPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorPlot3D.en.md): ListVectorPlot3D[varr] generates a 3D vector plot from a 3D array of vector field values. ListVectorPlot3D[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data for several vector fields.
- [ListVectorPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorPlot.en.md): ListVectorPlot[varr] generates a vector plot from an array varr of vectors. ListVectorPlot[{{{x1, y1}, {vx1, vy1}}, ...}] generates a vector plot from vectors {vxi, vyi} given at specified points {xi, yi}. ListVectorPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data for several vector fields.
- [ListZTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListZTransform.en.md): ListZTransform[list, z] gives the Z transform of list as a function of z. ListZTransform[list, z, k] places the first element of list at integer time k on the infinite time axis. ListZTransform[list, {z1, z2, ...}, {k1, k2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Z transform.
- [Literal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Literal.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), Literal has been superseded by HoldPattern.
- [LiteralType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiteralType.en.md): LiteralType[x] represents a literal value x for use as a type.
- [LLMConfiguration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMConfiguration.en.md): LLMConfiguration[...] represents a configuration for an LLM. LLMConfiguration[spec] creates a configuration based on the specification spec. LLMConfiguration[LLMConfiguration[...], propspec] creates a configuration based on an existing configuration.
- [LLMEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMEvaluator.en.md): LLMEvaluator is an option for functions such as LLMSynthesize that specifies the LLM configuration.
- [LLMExampleFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMExampleFunction.en.md): LLMExampleFunction[{in1 -> out1, in2 -> out2, ...}] creates an LLMFunction from few-shot examples. LLMExampleFunction[{in1, in2, ...} -> {out1, out2, ...}] generates the same result. LLMExampleFunction[{header, training}] prefaces the prompt with header. LLMExampleFunction[prompting, form] includes the interpreter form to apply to the response.
- [LLMFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMFunction.en.md): LLMFunction[prompt] represents a template for a large language model (LLM) prompt. LLMFunction[{prompt1, prompt2, ...}] represents a combination of multiple prompts. LLMFunction[prompt, form] includes the interpreter form to apply to the response. LLMFunction[...][params] give the LLM service response for prompt applied to parameters params.
- [LLMGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMGraph.en.md): LLMGraph[<|SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> fun1, ...|>] creates an LLMGraph where node SubscriptBox[name, i] evaluates funi on parent nodes' outputs. LLMGraph[...][input] gives the result of running the graph on input. LLMGraph[...][input, prop] gives the property prop after running the graph on input.
- [LLMGraphSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMGraphSubmit.en.md): LLMGraphSubmit[LLMGraph[...], input] evaluates an LLMGraph asynchronously on the input input. LLMGraphSubmit[LLMGraph[...], input, target] specifies the outputs to compute.
- [LLMPrompt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMPrompt.en.md): LLMPrompt[name] gives the TemplateObject for the specified large language model prompt. LLMPrompt[resource] retrieves the TemplateObject for the specified resource. LLMPrompt[..., params] gives the TemplateObject with slots filled in by params. LLMPrompt[...][p1, p2, ...] applies a template with numbered slots to parameter values pi. LLMPrompt[...][<|key1 -> p1, key2 -> p2|>] applies a template with named slots to parameter data.
- [LLMPromptGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMPromptGenerator.en.md): LLMPromptGenerator[f] represents a prompt generator that uses the function f. LLMPromptGenerator[f, inputspec] provides the specified inputspec to f.
- [LLMResourceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMResourceFunction.en.md): LLMResourceFunction[name] retrieves an LLMFunction with the specified name. LLMResourceFunction[loc] imports an LLMFunction from the specified location. LLMResourceFunction[...][params] applies the specified LLMFunction to the parameters params.
- [LLMResourceTool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMResourceTool.en.md): LLMResourceTool[name] gives the TemplateObject for the specified large language model tool. LLMResourceTool[resource] retrieves the TemplateObject for the specified resource. LLMResourceTool[..., <|key1 -> p1, key2 -> p2, ...|>] gives the TemplateObject with slots filled in by parameters. LLMResourceTool[...][<|key1 -> p1, key2 -> p2, ...|>] creates an LLMTool by applying the template to parameter data.
- [LLMSynthesize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMSynthesize.en.md): LLMSynthesize[prompt] generates text according to the input prompt. LLMSynthesize[{prompt1, ...}] combines multiple prompti together. LLMSynthesize[..., prop] returns the specified property of the generated text.
- [LLMSynthesizeSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMSynthesizeSubmit.en.md): LLMSynthesizeSubmit[prompt] generates text asynchronously according to the input prompt. LLMSynthesizeSubmit[{prompt1, ...}] combines multiple prompti together.
- [LLMTool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMTool.en.md): LLMTool[name, params, fun] represents a tool for use by an LLM enabling it to run fun on parameters described by params. LLMTool[{ name,  description}, params, fun] uses a description to prompt the LLM.
- [LLMToolRequest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMToolRequest.en.md): LLMToolRequest[...] represents a tool request made by an LLM. LLMToolRequest[tool, {SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> SubscriptBox[val, 1], SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> SubscriptBox[val, 2], ...}] represents a request to  tool with the specified parameter values. LLMToolRequest[tool, params, str] annotates a request with the request string.
- [LLMToolResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LLMToolResponse.en.md): LLMToolResponse[...] represents a response to an LLM tool request.
- [LoadCompiledComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LoadCompiledComponent.en.md): LoadCompiledComponent[comp] loads a compiled component comp. LoadCompiledComponent[comp, target] loads a compiled component comp from the target location.
- [LocalAdaptiveBinarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalAdaptiveBinarize.en.md): LocalAdaptiveBinarize[image, r] creates a binary image from image by replacing values above the mean of the range-r neighborhood with 1 and others with 0. LocalAdaptiveBinarize[image, r, {\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]}] replaces values above \\[Alpha] \\[Mu] + \\[Beta] \\[Sigma] + \\[Gamma] with 1 and others with 0, where \\[Mu] and \\[Sigma] are the local mean and standard deviation.
- [LocalCache](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalCache.en.md): LocalCache[CloudObject[uri]] caches a cloud object in a local object. LocalCache[URL[url]] caches the contents of a url in a local object. LocalCache[obj, LocalObject[name]] caches the contents of obj in the specified local object.
- [LocalClusteringCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalClusteringCoefficient.en.md): LocalClusteringCoefficient[g] gives the list of local clustering coefficients of all vertices in the graph g. LocalClusteringCoefficient[g, v] gives the local clustering coefficient of the vertex v in the graph g. LocalClusteringCoefficient[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [LocalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalEvaluate.en.md): LocalEvaluate[expr] gives the result of evaluating expr using your current default local Wolfram Language kernel. LocalEvaluate[ker, expr] gives the result of evaluating expr using the kernel specified by ker. LocalEvaluate[{ker1, ker2, ...}, expr] gives a list of the results of evaluating expr using each of the kernels keri. LocalEvaluate[ker, expr, h] wraps the head h around the result produced before returning it.
- [LocalizeVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalizeVariables.en.md): LocalizeVariables is an option to Manipulate that determines whether the values of variables associated with controls should be localized.
- [LocalModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalModelFit.en.md): LocalModelFit[data] creates a smooth approximation of data. LocalModelFit[data, bw] approximates data using the bandwidth bw.
- [LocalObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalObject.en.md): LocalObject[] represents a new anonymous local object. LocalObject[StyleBox[RowBox[{ RowBox[{\file\, \:\}], RowBox[{\//\, \/\}]}],\nAutoSpacing->False] StyleBox[\...\, \TR\]] represents a local object with a given file path. LocalObject[relpath] represents a local object with the given relative path. LocalObject[relpath,  lbase] represents a local object relative to the base lbase.
- [LocalObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalObjects.en.md): LocalObjects[] gives a list of local objects in your current local base directory. LocalObjects[dir] gives a list of local objects in the local directory dir.
- [LocalResponseNormalizationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalResponseNormalizationLayer.en.md): LocalResponseNormalizationLayer[] represents a net layer that normalizes its input by averaging across neighboring input channels.
- [LocalSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalSubmit.en.md): LocalSubmit[expr] submits a task to evaluate expr in a separate kernel. LocalSubmit[ScheduledTask[expr, spec]] submits a task to evaluate expr in a separate kernel on the schedule defined by spec.
- [LocalSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalSymbol.en.md): LocalSymbol[name] represents a symbol whose value is persistently stored in the local file system. LocalSymbol[obj] represents a persistent symbol corresponding to the local object obj.
- [LocalTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalTime.en.md): LocalTime[] gives a DateObject corresponding to the current local time at the current geo location. LocalTime[loc] gives the current local time at the geo location specified by loc. LocalTime[loc, time] gives the local time corresponding to the date object time at the geo location loc. LocalTime[loc, time, func] uses func to determine what to return for extended geographic regions.
- [LocalTimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocalTimeZone.en.md): LocalTimeZone[] gives the current time zone for the current geo location. LocalTimeZone[loc] gives the current time zone for the geo location specified by loc. LocalTimeZone[loc, date] gives the time zone for the geo location loc on the specified date. LocalTimeZone[loc, date,  prop] gives the specified property of the time zone.
- [LocationEquivalenceTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocationEquivalenceTest.en.md): LocationEquivalenceTest[{data1, data2, ...}] tests whether the means or medians of the datai are equal. LocationEquivalenceTest[{data1, ...},  property] returns the value of  property.
- [LocationTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocationTest.en.md): LocationTest[data] tests whether the mean or median of the data is zero. LocationTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the means or medians of data1 and data2 are equal. LocationTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0] tests a location measure against \\[Mu]0. LocationTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [LocatorAutoCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocatorAutoCreate.en.md): LocatorAutoCreate is an option for LocatorPane, Manipulate, and related functions that specifies whether new locators should be created when clicking away from existing locators.
- [Locator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Locator.en.md): Locator[{x, y}] represents a locator object at position {x, y} in a graphic. Locator[Dynamic[pos]] takes the position to be the dynamically updated current value of pos, with this value being reset if the locator object is moved. Locator[{x, y}, obj] displays obj as the locator object. Locator[{x, y}, None] displays nothing visible as the locator object.
- [LocatorPane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocatorPane.en.md): LocatorPane[{x, y}, back] represents a pane with a locator at position {x, y} and background back. LocatorPane[Dynamic[pt], back] takes the locator position to be the dynamically updated current value of pt, with the value of pt being reset if the locator is moved. LocatorPane[{pt1, pt2, ...}, back] sets up multiple locators at positions pt1, pt2, .... LocatorPane[Dynamic[{pt1, pt2, ...}], back] takes the locator positions to be dynamically updated current values of the pti. LocatorPane[pts, ...
- [LocatorRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LocatorRegion.en.md): LocatorRegion is an option for Locator that specifies where the locator object should by default be allowed to go when it is dragged.
- [Locked](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Locked.en.md): Locked is an attribute that, once assigned, prevents modification of any attributes of a symbol.
- [Log10](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log10.en.md): Log10[x] gives the base-10 logarithm of x.
- [Log2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log2.en.md): Log2[x] gives the base-2 logarithm of x.
- [LogBarnesG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogBarnesG.en.md): LogBarnesG[z] gives the logarithm of the Barnes G-function LogBarnesG[z].
- [Log](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log.en.md): Log[z] gives the natural logarithm of z (logarithm to base e). Log[b, z] gives the logarithm to base b.
- [LogGammaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogGammaDistribution.en.md): LogGammaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Mu]] represents a log-gamma distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta] and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [LogGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogGamma.en.md): LogGamma[z] gives the logarithm of the gamma function log \\[CapitalGamma] (z).
- [LogicalExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogicalExpand.en.md): LogicalExpand[expr] expands out logical combinations of equations, inequalities, and other functions.
- [LogIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogIntegral.en.md): LogIntegral[z] is the logarithmic integral function LogIntegral[z].
- [LogisticDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogisticDistribution.en.md): LogisticDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Beta]] represents a logistic distribution with mean \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. LogisticDistribution[] represents a logistic distribution with mean 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [LogisticSigmoid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogisticSigmoid.en.md): LogisticSigmoid[z] gives the logistic sigmoid function.
- [LogitModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogitModelFit.en.md): LogitModelFit[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, x] constructs a binomial logistic regression model of the form 1/(1 + E -(\\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + ...)) that fits the yi for each xi. LogitModelFit[data, {f1, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] constructs a binomial logistic regression model of the form 1/(1 + E -(\\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + ...)) where the fi depend on the variables xk. LogitModelFit[{m, v}] constructs a binomial logistic regression model from the ...
- [LogLikelihood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogLikelihood.en.md): LogLikelihood[dist, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the log-likelihood function for observations x1, x2, ... from the distribution dist. LogLikelihood[proc, {{t1, x1}, {t2, x2}, ...}] gives the log-likelihood function for the observations xi at time ti from the process proc. LogLikelihood[proc, {path1, path2, ...}] gives the log-likelihood function for the observations from path1, path2, ... from the process proc.
- [LogLinearPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogLinearPlot.en.md): LogLinearPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] generates a log-linear plot of f as a function of x from xmin to xmax. LogLinearPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots several functions fi. LogLinearPlot[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LogLinearPlot[..., {x} \\[Element] reg] takes the variable x to be in the geometric region reg.
- [LogLogisticDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogLogisticDistribution.en.md): LogLogisticDistribution[\\[Gamma], \\[Sigma]] represents a log-logistic distribution with shape parameter \\[Gamma] and scale parameter \\[Sigma].
- [LogLogPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogLogPlot.en.md): LogLogPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] generates a log-log plot of f as a function of x from xmin to xmax. LogLogPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots several functions fi. LogLogPlot[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LogLogPlot[..., {x} \\[Element] reg] takes the variable x to be in the geometric region reg.
- [LogModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogModel.en.md): LogModel[] represents a logarithmic function. LogModel[vars] represents a logarithmic function with the given variable vars with unknown constraints. LogModel[pars, vars] represents a logarithmic function with number of variables vars and custom parameters pars.
- [LogMultinormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogMultinormalDistribution.en.md): LogMultinormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a log-multinormal distribution with parameters \\[Mu] and \\[CapitalSigma].
- [LogNormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogNormalDistribution.en.md): LogNormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a lognormal distribution derived from a normal distribution with mean \\[Mu] and standard deviation \\[Sigma].
- [LogPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogPlot.en.md): LogPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] generates a log plot of f as a function of x from xmin to xmax. LogPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots several functions fi. LogPlot[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. LogPlot[..., {x} \\[Element] reg] takes the variable x to be in the geometric region reg.
- [LogRankTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogRankTest.en.md): LogRankTest[{data1, data2, ...}] tests for equal hazard rates among the datai using a log-rank type test. LogRankTest[{data1, data2, ...}, wspec] performs a weighted log-rank test with weights wspec. LogRankTest[{data1, ...}, wspec,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [LogSeriesDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogSeriesDistribution.en.md): LogSeriesDistribution[\\[Theta]] represents a logarithmic series distribution with parameter \\[Theta].
- [LommelS1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LommelS1.en.md): LommelS1[m, n, z] gives the Lommel function of the first kind s m, n (z).
- [LommelS2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LommelS2.en.md): LommelS2[m, n, z] gives the Lommel function of the second kind S m, n (z).
- [LommelT1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LommelT1.en.md): LommelT1[m, n, z] gives the modified Lommel function of the first kind t m, n (z).
- [LommelT2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LommelT2.en.md): LommelT2[m, n, z] gives the modified Lommel function of the second kind T m, n (z).
- [LongestCommonSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSequence.en.md): LongestCommonSequence[s1, s2] finds the longest sequence of contiguous or disjoint elements common to the strings, lists or biomolecular sequences s1 and s2.
- [LongestCommonSequencePositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSequencePositions.en.md): LongestCommonSequencePositions[s1, s2] finds the longest sequence of contiguous or disjoint elements common to the strings, lists or biomolecular sequences s1 and s2 and returns their positions.
- [LongestCommonSubsequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSubsequence.en.md): LongestCommonSubsequence[s1, s2] finds the longest contiguous subsequence of elements common to the strings, biomolecular sequences or lists s1 and s2.
- [LongestCommonSubsequencePositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSubsequencePositions.en.md): LongestCommonSubsequencePositions[s1, s2] finds the longest contiguous subsequence of elements common to the strings, biomolecular sequences or lists s1 and s2 and returns their positions {pos1, pos2} in s1 and s2.
- [Longest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Longest.en.md): Longest[p] is a pattern object that matches the longest sequence consistent with the pattern p.
- [LongestMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestMatch.en.md): As of Version 6.0, LongestMatch has been superseded by the pattern object Longest.
- [LongestOrderedSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestOrderedSequence.en.md): LongestOrderedSequence[list] finds the longest ordered sequence of contiguous or disjoint elements in list. LongestOrderedSequence[list, p] finds the longest ordered sequence using the ordering function p.
- [Longitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Longitude.en.md): Longitude[pos] gives the longitude in degrees of a geographic position specified by pos. Longitude[pos, datum] gives the longitude referring to the specified geodetic datum.
- [LongLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongLeftArrow.en.md): LongLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LongLeftArrow]y\\[LongLeftArrow]....
- [LongLeftRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongLeftRightArrow.en.md): LongLeftRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LongLeftRightArrow]y\\[LongLeftRightArrow]....
- [LongRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongRightArrow.en.md): LongRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[LongRightArrow]y\\[LongRightArrow]....
- [LongShortTermMemoryLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongShortTermMemoryLayer.en.md): LongShortTermMemoryLayer[n] represents a trainable recurrent layer that takes a sequence of vectors and produces a sequence of vectors, each of size n. LongShortTermMemoryLayer[n, opts] includes options for weights and other parameters.
- [Lookup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Lookup.en.md): Lookup[assoc, key] looks up the value associated with key in the association assoc; if the key is not present, Missing[KeyAbsent, key] is returned. Lookup[assoc, {key1, key2, ...}] gives a list of the values associated with the keyi. Lookup[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}, key] gives a list corresponding to the value of key in each associ. Lookup[assoc, key, default] gives default if the key is not present. Lookup[assoc, keys, default, h] looks up the values associated with keys, wrapping each of them ...
- [LoopFreeGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LoopFreeGraphQ.en.md): LoopFreeGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g has no self-loops, and False otherwise.
- [Looping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Looping.en.md): Looping is an option for VideoStream, AudioStream and related functions to specify the playback looping.
- [LossFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LossFunction.en.md): LossFunction is an option for NetTrain that specifies how to compare actual and requested outputs from a neural net.
- [LowerCaseQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerCaseQ.en.md): LowerCaseQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are lowercase letters, and yields False otherwise.
- [LowerLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerLeftArrow.en.md): LowerLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LowerLeftArrow] y \\[LowerLeftArrow] ....
- [LowerRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerRightArrow.en.md): LowerRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[LowerRightArrow] y \\[LowerRightArrow] ....
- [LowerTriangularize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerTriangularize.en.md): LowerTriangularize[m] gives a matrix in which all but the lower triangular elements of m are replaced with zeros. LowerTriangularize[m, k] replaces with zeros only the elements above the k^th subdiagonal of m.
- [LowerTriangularMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerTriangularMatrix.en.md): LowerTriangularMatrix[lmat] converts the lower triangular matrix lmat to a structured array.
- [LowerTriangularMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerTriangularMatrixQ.en.md): LowerTriangularMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is lower triangular, and False otherwise. LowerTriangularMatrixQ[m, k] gives True if m is lower triangular starting down from the k^th diagonal, and False otherwise.
- [LowpassFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowpassFilter.en.md): LowpassFilter[data, \\[Omega]c] applies a lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency \\[Omega]c to an array of data. LowpassFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n] uses a filter kernel of length n. LowpassFilter[data, \\[Omega]c, n, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to the filter kernel.
- [LQEstimatorGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LQEstimatorGains.en.md): LQEstimatorGains[ssm, {w, v}] gives the optimal estimator gain matrix for the StateSpaceModel ssm, with process and measurement noise covariance matrices w and v. LQEstimatorGains[ssm, {w, v, h}] includes the cross-covariance matrix h. LQEstimatorGains[{ssm, sensors}, {...}] specifies sensors as the noisy measurements of ssm. LQEstimatorGains[{ssm, sensors, dinputs}, {...}] specifies dinputs as the deterministic inputs of ssm.
- [LQGRegulator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LQGRegulator.en.md): LQGRegulator[sspec, cvs, wts] gives the optimal output feedback controller for the stochastic system specification sspec with noise covariance matrices cvs that minimizes a cost function with weights wts. LQGRegulator[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [LQOutputRegulatorGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LQOutputRegulatorGains.en.md): LQOutputRegulatorGains[sspec, wts] gives the state feedback gains for the system specification sspec that minimizes an output cost function with weights wts. LQOutputRegulatorGains[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [LQRegulatorGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LQRegulatorGains.en.md): LQRegulatorGains[sspec, wts] gives the state feedback gains for the system specification sspec that minimizes a cost function with weights wts. LQRegulatorGains[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [LQRegulatorTrain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LQRegulatorTrain.en.md): LQRegulatorTrain[espec, wts, tspec] trains the regulator that minimizes the quadratic cost with weights wts for the environment specification espec by simulating it over time specification tspec. LQRegulatorTrain[espec, wts, g, tspec] starts with the value g for the regulator gain. LQRegulatorTrain[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [LUBackSubstitution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LUBackSubstitution.en.md): Since Version 5.0 (released in 2003), LUBackSubstitution has been superseded by LinearSolveFunction.
- [LucasL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LucasL.en.md): LucasL[n] gives the Lucas number Ln. LucasL[n, x] gives the Lucas polynomial Ln (x).
- [LuccioSamiComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LuccioSamiComponents.en.md): LuccioSamiComponents[g] gives the Luccio-Sami components of the graph g. LuccioSamiComponents[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, ... . LuccioSamiComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [LUDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LUDecomposition.en.md): LUDecomposition[m] generates a representation of the LU decomposition of matrix m as a list {l, u, p, c}, where l is lower triangular, u is upper triangular, p is a permutation matrix, and c is an approximate condition number.
- [LunarEclipse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LunarEclipse.en.md): LunarEclipse[] gives the time of the next lunar eclipse. LunarEclipse[datespec] gives the time for the next lunar eclipse after the specified date. LunarEclipse[propertyspec] gives the specified property value for the next lunar eclipse. LunarEclipse[datespec, propertyspec] gives the specified property value for the next lunar eclipse after the specified date.
- [LunationNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LunationNumber.en.md): LunationNumber[] returns the number of new moons since the first new moon of the year 2000. LunationNumber[date] returns the number of new moons since the given date. LunationNumber[scheme, date] returns the number of new moons since the zeroth new moon of the given counting scheme.
- [LUVColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LUVColor.en.md): LUVColor[l, u, v] represents a color in the LUV color space with lightness l and color components u and v. LUVColor[l, u, v, a] specifies opacity a. LUVColor[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. LUVColor[color] returns the LUV representation of color.
- [LyapunovSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LyapunovSolve.en.md): LyapunovSolve[a, c] finds a solution x of the matrix Lyapunov equation a . x + x . a\\[ConjugateTranspose] == c. LyapunovSolve[a, b, c] solves a . x + x . b == c. LyapunovSolve[{a, d}, c] solves a . x . d\\[ConjugateTranspose] + d . x . a\\[ConjugateTranspose] == c. LyapunovSolve[{a, d}, {b, e}, c] solves a . x . e + d . x . b == c.
- [LyonsGroupLy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LyonsGroupLy.en.md): LyonsGroupLy[] represents the sporadic simple Lyons group Ly.
- [MachineNumberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MachineNumberQ.en.md): MachineNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is a machine-precision real or complex number, and returns False otherwise.
- [MachinePrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MachinePrecision.en.md): MachinePrecision is a symbol used to indicate machine-number precision.
- [Magenta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Magenta.en.md): Magenta represents the color magenta in graphics or style specifications.
- [MagneticFieldIntensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagneticFieldIntensity.en.md): MagneticFieldIntensity[vars, pars, spotential] yields the magnetic field intensity from the scalar magnetic potential spotential Vm. MagneticFieldIntensity[vars, pars, vpotential] yields the magnetic field intensity from vector magnetic potential vpotential OverscriptBox[A\\ , \\[RightVector]].
- [MagneticFluxDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagneticFluxDensity.en.md): MagneticFluxDensity[vars, pars, spotential] yields the magnetic flux density from the scalar magnetic potential spotential Vm. MagneticFluxDensity[vars, pars, vpotential] yields the magnetic flux density from the vector magnetic potential vpotential OverscriptBox[A\\ , \\[RightVector]].
- [MagneticFluxDensityValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagneticFluxDensityValue.en.md): MagneticFluxDensityValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a magnetic flux density boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MagneticFluxDensityValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a magnetic flux density boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MagneticPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagneticPDEComponent.en.md): MagneticPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a magnetic PDE term with variables vars and pars.
- [MagneticPotentialCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagneticPotentialCondition.en.md): MagneticPotentialCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a magnetic surface potential boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MagneticPotentialCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a magnetic potential surface boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MagneticSymmetryValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagneticSymmetryValue.en.md): MagneticSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a magnetic symmetry boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MagneticSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a magnetic symmetry boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MagnetostaticPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MagnetostaticPDEComponent.en.md): MagnetostaticPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a current-free magnetostatic PDE term with variables vars and pars.
- [Magnification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Magnification.en.md): Magnification is an option for Style and Cell that specifies what magnification to use for display.
- [Magnify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Magnify.en.md): Magnify[expr, r] represents an object to be displayed with magnification r. Magnify[expr] displays with expr magnified by a fixed factor.
- [MailAddressValidation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailAddressValidation.en.md): MailAddressValidation is an option for SendMail that specifies whether and how to validate email addresses.
- [MailExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailExecute.en.md): MailExecute[cmd, target] executes the mail command cmd on the target mail server connection, folder, file or item (s).
- [MailFolder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailFolder.en.md): MailFolder[...] represents a mail folder associated with an active mail server connection.
- [MailItem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailItem.en.md): MailItem[...] represents an item of mail associated with an active mail server connection.
- [MailReceiverFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailReceiverFunction.en.md): MailReceiverFunction[fun] represents a mail receiver function that applies fun to any mail message it receives.
- [MailResponseFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailResponseFunction.en.md): MailResponseFunction is an option for MailReceiverFunction that specifies what function to apply to respond to the sender of mail received by a MailReceiverFunction.
- [MailSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailSearch.en.md): MailSearch[folder, assoc] searches the specified mail folder for messages with properties matching elements in assoc. MailSearch[assoc] searches the current default mail inbox. MailSearch[] gives the list of unread messages in the current default mail inbox.
- [MailServerConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailServerConnect.en.md): MailServerConnect[] connects to your default incoming mail server. MailServerConnect[server] connects to the specified incoming mail server  server. MailServerConnect[server, userid] connects using the specified user ID userid. MailServerConnect[server, userid, password] connects using userid and password.
- [MailServerConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailServerConnection.en.md): MailServerConnection[...] is a symbolic representation of a connection to an incoming mail server.
- [MailSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MailSettings.en.md): MailSettings is an option for SendMail and MailServerConnect to specify mail settings.
- [Majority](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Majority.en.md): Majority[e1, e2, ...] gives True if the majority of the ei are True, and False if the majority are False.
- [MakeBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MakeBoxes.en.md): MakeBoxes[expr, form] is the low-level function used in Wolfram System sessions to convert expressions into boxes. MakeBoxes[expr] is the function to convert expr to StandardForm boxes.
- [MakeExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MakeExpression.en.md): MakeExpression[boxes, form] is the low-level function used in Wolfram System sessions to construct expressions from boxes.
- [ManagedLibraryExpressionID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ManagedLibraryExpressionID.en.md): ManagedLibraryExpressionID[expr] returns the positive integer ID associated with expr if it is a managed library expression and $Failed otherwise. ManagedLibraryExpressionID[expr, mname] only returns the ID if expr is associated with the registered manager having name mname.
- [ManagedLibraryExpressionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ManagedLibraryExpressionQ.en.md): ManagedLibraryExpressionQ[expr] returns True if expr is a managed library expression and False otherwise. ManagedLibraryExpressionQ[expr, mname] only returns True if expr is associated with the registered manager having name mname.
- [ManagedObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ManagedObject.en.md): ManagedObject[...] represents a managed object.
- [MandelbrotSetBoettcher](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MandelbrotSetBoettcher.en.md): MandelbrotSetBoettcher[z] gives the Böttcher coordinate of z with respect to the Mandelbrot set.
- [MandelbrotSetDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MandelbrotSetDistance.en.md): MandelbrotSetDistance[c] estimates the distance from c to the nearest point in the Mandelbrot set. MandelbrotSetDistance[c, Interior] estimates the distance from c to the nearest point in the complement of the Mandelbrot set.
- [MandelbrotSetIterationCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MandelbrotSetIterationCount.en.md): MandelbrotSetIterationCount[c] returns the number of iterations of the function f(z) == z^2 + c, beginning with z == 0, that are needed to determine whether c is in the Mandelbrot set.
- [MandelbrotSetMemberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MandelbrotSetMemberQ.en.md): MandelbrotSetMemberQ[z] returns True if z is in the Mandelbrot set, and False otherwise.
- [MandelbrotSetPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MandelbrotSetPlot.en.md): MandelbrotSetPlot[{zmin, zmax}] plots the portion of the Mandelbrot set inside the rectangle with corners zmin and zmax. MandelbrotSetPlot[] plots the Mandelbrot set over a default rectangle.
- [MangoldtLambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MangoldtLambda.en.md): MangoldtLambda[n] gives the von Mangoldt function \\[CapitalLambda] (n).
- [ManhattanDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ManhattanDistance.en.md): ManhattanDistance[u, v] gives the Manhattan or city block distance between vectors u and v.
- [Manipulator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manipulator.en.md): Manipulator[x] represents a manipulator with setting x in the range 0 to 1. Manipulator[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if the manipulator is moved. Manipulator[x, {xmin, xmax}] represents a manipulator with range xmin to xmax. Manipulator[x, {xmin, xmax, dx}] represents a manipulator that jumps in steps dx.
- [MannedSpaceMissionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MannedSpaceMissionData.en.md): MannedSpaceMissionData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the manned space mission entity. MannedSpaceMissionData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified manned space mission entities. MannedSpaceMissionData[name, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [MannWhitneyTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MannWhitneyTest.en.md): MannWhitneyTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the medians of data1 and data2 are equal. MannWhitneyTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0] tests the median difference against \\[Mu]0. MannWhitneyTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [MantissaExponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MantissaExponent.en.md): MantissaExponent[x] gives a list containing the mantissa and exponent of a number x. MantissaExponent[x, b] gives the base-b mantissa and exponent of x.
- [Manual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manual.en.md): Manual represents an option or other value that is to be selected manually, usually by some form of interactive manipulation.
- [MapAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MapAll.en.md): MapAll[f, expr] or f //@ expr applies f to every subexpression in expr.
- [MapApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MapApply.en.md): f @@@ expr or MapApply[f, expr] replaces heads at level 1 of expr by f. MapApply[f] represents an operator form of MapApply that can be applied to an expression.
- [MapAt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MapAt.en.md): MapAt[f, expr, n] applies f to the element at position n in expr. If n is negative, the position is counted from the end. MapAt[f, expr, {i, j, ...}] applies f to the part of expr at position {i, j, ...}. MapAt[f, expr, {{i1, j1, ...}, {i2, j2, ...}, ...}] applies f to parts of expr at several positions. MapAt[f, pos] represents an operator form of MapAt that can be applied to an expression.
- [Map](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Map.en.md): Map[f, expr] or f /@ expr applies f to each element on the first level in expr. Map[f, expr, levelspec] applies f to parts of expr specified by levelspec. Map[f] represents an operator form of Map that can be applied to an expression.
- [MapIndexed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MapIndexed.en.md): MapIndexed[f, expr] applies f to the elements of expr, giving the part specification of each element as a second argument to f. MapIndexed[f, expr, levelspec] applies f to all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec. MapIndexed[f] represents an operator form of MapIndexed that can be applied to an expression.
- [MAProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MAProcess.en.md): MAProcess[{b1, ..., bq}, v] represents a moving-average process of order q with normal white noise variance v. MAProcess[{b1, ..., bq}, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a vector MA process with multinormal white noise covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]. MAProcess[{b1, ..., bq}, v, init] represents an MA process with initial data init. MAProcess[c, ...] represents an MA process with a constant c.
- [MapThread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MapThread.en.md): MapThread[f, {{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, ...}] gives {f[a1, b1, ...], f[a2, b2, ...], ...}. MapThread[f, {expr1, expr2, ...}, n] applies f to the parts of the expri at level n. MapThread[f] represents an operator form of MapThread that can be applied to an expression.
- [MarchenkoPasturDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MarchenkoPasturDistribution.en.md): MarchenkoPasturDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Sigma]] represents a Marchenko-Pastur distribution with asymptotic ratio \\[Lambda] and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. MarchenkoPasturDistribution[\\[Lambda]] represents a Marchenko-Pastur distribution with unit scale parameter.
- [MarcumQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MarcumQ.en.md): MarcumQ[m, a, b] gives Marcum's Q function MarcumQ[m,a,b]. MarcumQ[m, a, b0, b1] gives Marcum's Q function MarcumQ[m,a,b0] - MarcumQ[m,a,b1].
- [MardiaCombinedTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MardiaCombinedTest.en.md): MardiaCombinedTest[data] tests whether data follows a MultinormalDistribution using the Mardia combined test. MardiaCombinedTest[data,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [MardiaKurtosisTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MardiaKurtosisTest.en.md): MardiaKurtosisTest[data] tests whether data follows a MultinormalDistribution using the Mardia kurtosis test. MardiaKurtosisTest[data,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [MardiaSkewnessTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MardiaSkewnessTest.en.md): MardiaSkewnessTest[data] tests whether data follows a MultinormalDistribution using the Mardia skewness test. MardiaSkewnessTest[data,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [MarginalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MarginalDistribution.en.md): MarginalDistribution[dist, k] represents a univariate marginal distribution of the k^th coordinate from the multivariate distribution dist. MarginalDistribution[dist, {k1, k2, ...}] represents a multivariate marginal distribution of the {k1, k2, ...} coordinates.
- [MarkovProcessProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MarkovProcessProperties.en.md): MarkovProcessProperties[mproc] gives a summary of properties for the finite state Markov process mproc. MarkovProcessProperties[mproc,  property] gives the specified  property for the process mproc.
- [Masking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Masking.en.md): Masking is an option for various image and signal processing functions that specifies on which regions they should operate.
- [MassConcentrationCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassConcentrationCondition.en.md): MassConcentrationCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a mass concentration boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MassConcentrationCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a thermal surface boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MassFluxValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassFluxValue.en.md): MassFluxValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a mass flux boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MassFluxValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a mass flux boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MassImpermeableBoundaryValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassImpermeableBoundaryValue.en.md): MassImpermeableBoundaryValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a mass impermeable boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MassImpermeableBoundaryValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a mass impermeable boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MassOutflowValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassOutflowValue.en.md): MassOutflowValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a mass outflow boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MassOutflowValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a mass outflow boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MassSymmetryValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassSymmetryValue.en.md): MassSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a mass symmetry boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MassSymmetryValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a mass symmetry boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MassTransferValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassTransferValue.en.md): MassTransferValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a mass transfer boundary condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. MassTransferValue[pred, vars, pars, lkey] represents a mass transfer boundary condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [MassTransportPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MassTransportPDEComponent.en.md): MassTransportPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a mass transport PDE term with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [MatchingDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatchingDissimilarity.en.md): MatchingDissimilarity[u, v] gives the matching dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.
- [MatchLocalNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatchLocalNames.en.md): MatchLocalNames is an option for Trace and related functions that specifies whether symbols such as x should match symbols with local names of the form x$nnn.
- [MatchQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatchQ.en.md): MatchQ[expr, form] returns True if expr matches the pattern form, and returns False otherwise. MatchQ[form] represents an operator form of MatchQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [MaterialShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaterialShading.en.md): MaterialShading[material] is a three-dimensional graphics directive specifying that surfaces that follow are to be drawn with the material  material appearance. MaterialShading[{ material, col}] uses the specified color col as the base color. MaterialShading[<|parm1 -> val1, parm2 -> val2, ...|>] uses the specified parameters parms.
- [MaternPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaternPointProcess.en.md): MaternPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], r m, d] represents a Matérn cluster point process with density \\[Mu], cluster mean \\[Lambda] and radius rm in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [MathematicalFunctionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathematicalFunctionData.en.md): MathematicalFunctionData[entity, property] gives data corresponding to property for the mathematical function specified by entity. MathematicalFunctionData[entprop, annotation] gives data corresponding to the given entity or property in the format specified by annotation. MathematicalFunctionData[entity, property, annotation] gives data for the given entity-property pair in the format specified by annotation. MathematicalFunctionData[entity, property, {qual1 -> val1, qual2 -> val2, ...}] ...
- [MathieuC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuC.en.md): MathieuC[a, q, z] gives the even Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q.
- [MathieuCharacteristicA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuCharacteristicA.en.md): MathieuCharacteristicA[r, q] gives the characteristic value ar for even Mathieu functions with characteristic exponent r and parameter q.
- [MathieuCharacteristicB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuCharacteristicB.en.md): MathieuCharacteristicB[r, q] gives the characteristic value br for odd Mathieu functions with characteristic exponent r and parameter q.
- [MathieuCharacteristicExponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuCharacteristicExponent.en.md): MathieuCharacteristicExponent[a, q] gives the characteristic exponent r for Mathieu functions with characteristic value a and parameter q.
- [MathieuCPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuCPrime.en.md): MathieuCPrime[a, q, z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the even Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q.
- [MathieuGroupM11](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuGroupM11.en.md): MathieuGroupM11[] represents the sporadic simple Mathieu group M11.
- [MathieuGroupM12](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuGroupM12.en.md): MathieuGroupM12[] represents the sporadic simple Mathieu group M12.
- [MathieuGroupM22](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuGroupM22.en.md): MathieuGroupM22[] represents the sporadic simple Mathieu group M22.
- [MathieuGroupM23](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuGroupM23.en.md): MathieuGroupM23[] represents the sporadic simple Mathieu group M23.
- [MathieuGroupM24](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuGroupM24.en.md): MathieuGroupM24[] represents the sporadic simple Mathieu group M24.
- [MathieuS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuS.en.md): MathieuS[a, q, z] gives the odd Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q.
- [MathieuSPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathieuSPrime.en.md): MathieuSPrime[a, q, z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the odd Mathieu function with characteristic value a and parameter q.
- [MathMLForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MathMLForm.en.md): MathMLForm[expr] prints as a MathML form of expr.
- [Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Matrices.en.md): Matrices[{d1, d2}] represents the domain of matrices of dimensions d1*d2. Matrices[{d1, d2}, dom] represents the domain of matrices of dimensions d1*d2, with components in the domain dom. Matrices[{d1, d2}, dom, sym] represents the subdomain of d1*d2 matrices with symmetry sym.
- [MatrixExp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixExp.en.md): MatrixExp[m] gives the matrix exponential of m. MatrixExp[m, v] gives the matrix exponential of m applied to the vector v.
- [MatrixForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixForm.en.md): MatrixForm[list] prints with the elements of list arranged in a regular array.
- [MatrixFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixFunction.en.md): MatrixFunction[f, m] gives the matrix generated by the scalar function f at the matrix argument m.
- [MatrixGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixGame.en.md): MatrixGame[{{ p_1^1, 1, ...}, ...}] specifies a zero-sum two-player game with payoff p_i^j, 1 for player 1 and - p_i^j, 1 for player 2 when players 1 and 2 take actions i and j, respectively. MatrixGame[{{{ p_1^1, 1, p_1^1, 2}, ...}, ...}] specifies a general-sum two-player game with payoff p_i^j, 1 for player 1 and p_i^j, 2 for player 2 when players 1 and 2 take actions i and j, respectively. MatrixGame[{..., {{ p_1^..., 1, 1, ..., p_1^..., 1, n}, ...}, ...}] specifies a general n-player game ...
- [MatrixGamePayoff](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixGamePayoff.en.md): MatrixGamePayoff[mgame, {s^1, ..., s^n}] gives the expected payoff for each player in the matrix game mgame with strategy profile {s^1, ..., s^n}. MatrixGamePayoff[mgame, {s^1, ..., s^n},  prop] gives the payoff property  prop for each player. MatrixGamePayoff[mgame, <|SubscriptBox[player, 1] -> s^1, ..., SubscriptBox[player, n] -> s^n|>] gives the expected payoff for each named player in the matrix game mgame with strategy profile {s^1, ..., s^n} using an association.
- [MatrixGamePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixGamePlot.en.md): MatrixGamePlot[mgame] generates a plot of the MatrixGame mgame. MatrixGamePlot[mgame, strat] highlight the game strategy strat.
- [MatrixLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixLog.en.md): MatrixLog[m] gives the matrix logarithm of a matrix m.
- [MatrixMinimalPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixMinimalPolynomial.en.md): MatrixMinimalPolynomial[m, x] gives the minimal polynomial for the square matrix m in the variable x.
- [MatrixNormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixNormalDistribution.en.md): MatrixNormalDistribution[\\[CapitalSigma]row, \\[CapitalSigma]col] represents a zero mean matrix normal distribution with row covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]row and column covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]col. MatrixNormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma]row, \\ \\[CapitalSigma]col] represents a matrix normal distribution with mean matrix \\[Mu].
- [MatrixPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPlot.en.md): MatrixPlot[m] generates a plot that gives a visual representation of the values of elements in a matrix.
- [MatrixPolynomialValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPolynomialValue.en.md): MatrixPolynomialValue[poly, m, x] evaluates the polynomial poly in the variable x at the matrix m. MatrixPolynomialValue[{c0, c1, ...}, m] evaluates the polynomial whose coefficients are given by the ci at the matrix m.
- [MatrixPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.en.md): MatrixPower[m, n] gives the n^th matrix power of the matrix m. MatrixPower[m, n, v] gives the n^th matrix power of the matrix m applied to the vector v.
- [MatrixPropertyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPropertyDistribution.en.md): MatrixPropertyDistribution[expr, x \\[Distributed] mdist] represents the distribution of the matrix property expr where the matrix-valued random variable x follows the matrix distribution mdist. MatrixPropertyDistribution[expr, {x1 \\[Distributed] mdist1, x2 \\[Distributed] mdist2, ...}] represents the distribution where x1, x2, ... are independent and follow the matrix distributions mdist1, mdist2, ....
- [MatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixQ.en.md): MatrixQ[expr] gives True if expr is a list of lists of equal length, and gives False otherwise. MatrixQ[expr, test] gives True only if test yields True when applied to each of the matrix elements in expr.
- [MatrixRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixRank.en.md): MatrixRank[m] gives the rank of the matrix m.
- [MatrixSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixSymbol.en.md): MatrixSymbol[a] represents a matrix with name a. MatrixSymbol[a, {m, n}] represents an m*n matrix. MatrixSymbol[a, {m, n}, dom] represents a matrix with elements in the domain dom. MatrixSymbol[a, {m, n}, dom, sym] represents a matrix with the symmetry sym.
- [MatrixTDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixTDistribution.en.md): MatrixTDistribution[\\[CapitalSigma]row, \\[CapitalSigma]col, \\[Nu]] represents zero mean matrix t distribution with row covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]row, column covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]col, and degrees of freedom parameter \\[Nu]. MatrixTDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma]row, \\[CapitalSigma]col, \\ \\[Nu]] represents matrix t distribution with mean matrix \\[Mu].
- [MaxCellMeasure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxCellMeasure.en.md): MaxCellMeasure is an option for DiscretizeRegion and related functions that specifies the maximum cell measure for the result.
- [MaxColorDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxColorDistance.en.md): MaxColorDistance is an option to specify the maximum distance allowed between colors.
- [MaxDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxDate.en.md): MaxDate[{date1, date2, ...}] gives the latest date of the datei. MaxDate[interval] gives the endpoint of the date interval interval. MaxDate[interval, gran] gives the endpoint of interval as specified by granularity gran.
- [MaxDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxDetect.en.md): MaxDetect[image] gives a binary image in which white pixels correspond to constant extended maxima in image. MaxDetect[image, h] finds extended maxima where the range of values is not greater than h. MaxDetect[data, ...] applies maxima detection to an array of data.
- [MaxDisplayedChildren](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxDisplayedChildren.en.md): MaxDisplayedChildren is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies the maximum number of children that should be displayed for each subtree.
- [MaxDuration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxDuration.en.md): MaxDuration is an option that specifies the maximum duration for audio playback or capture.
- [Max](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Max.en.md): Max[x1, x2, ...] yields the numerically largest of the xi. Max[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, ...}, ...] yields the largest element of any of the lists.
- [MaxExtraBandwidths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxExtraBandwidths.en.md): MaxExtraBandwidths is an option to SmoothKernelDistribution that controls the behavior outside that data range.
- [MaxExtraConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxExtraConditions.en.md): MaxExtraConditions is an option to Solve and related functions that specifies how many extra equational conditions on continuous parameters to allow in solutions that are given.
- [MaxFeatureDisplacement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxFeatureDisplacement.en.md): MaxFeatureDisplacement is an option that specifies the maximum displacement allowed for any feature.
- [MaxFeatures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxFeatures.en.md): MaxFeatures is an option that specifies the maximum number of features that will be returned from feature detection algorithms.
- [MaxFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxFilter.en.md): MaxFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the maximum value in its range-r neighborhood. MaxFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [MaximalBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaximalBy.en.md): MaximalBy[data, f] returns a list of the elements ei of data for which the value of f[ei] is maximal. MaximalBy[data, f, n] returns a list of the elements ei of data corresponding to the n largest f[ei]. MaximalBy[data, f, n, p] uses the ordering function p for sorting. MaximalBy[f] represents an operator form of MaximalBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [Maximize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Maximize.en.md): Maximize[f, x] maximizes f symbolically with respect to x. Maximize[f, {x, y, ...}] maximizes f symbolically with respect to x, y, .... Maximize[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] maximizes f symbolically subject to the constraints cons. Maximize[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom. Maximize[..., dom] constrains variables to the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.
- [MaxItems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxItems.en.md): MaxItems is an option that specifies the maximum number of items to be used or shown.
- [MaxIterations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxIterations.en.md): MaxIterations is an option that specifies the maximum number of iterations that should be tried in various built-in functions and algorithms.
- [MaxLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxLimit.en.md): MaxLimit[f, x -> x^*] gives the max limit \\[MaxLimit] x -> x^* f (x). MaxLimit[f, {x1 -> x_1^*, ..., xn -> x_n^*}] gives the nested max limit UnderscriptBox[\\[MaxLimit], x1 -> x_1^*] \\[CenterEllipsis] UnderscriptBox[\\[MaxLimit], xn -> x_n^*] f\\[InvisibleApplication] (x1, ..., xn). MaxLimit[f, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives the multivariate max limit UnderscriptBox[\\[MaxLimit], {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] f\\[InvisibleApplication] (x1, ..., ...
- [MaxMemoryUsed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxMemoryUsed.en.md): MaxMemoryUsed[] gives the maximum number of bytes used to store all data for the current Wolfram System session. MaxMemoryUsed[expr] gives the maximum number of bytes used during the evaluation of expr.
- [MaxMixtureKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxMixtureKernels.en.md): MaxMixtureKernels is an option for SmoothKernelDistribution and related functions that specifies the maximum number and location of kernel functions to use in the estimation.
- [MaxOverlapFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxOverlapFraction.en.md): MaxOverlapFraction is an option that specifies the maximum acceptable overlap between different identifications.
- [MaxPlotPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxPlotPoints.en.md): MaxPlotPoints is an option for plotting functions like ArrayPlot and ListPlot3D that specifies the maximum number of points that will explicitly be included in the output.
- [MaxRecursion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxRecursion.en.md): MaxRecursion is an option for functions like NIntegrate and Plot that specifies how many recursive subdivisions can be made.
- [MaxRoots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxRoots.en.md): MaxRoots is an option for NSolve and related functions that specifies the maximum number of roots that should be returned in the solution for a system of algebraic or transcendental equations.
- [MaxStableDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxStableDistribution.en.md): MaxStableDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Xi]] represents a generalized maximum extreme value distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], scale parameter \\[Sigma], and shape parameter \\[Xi].
- [MaxStepFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxStepFraction.en.md): MaxStepFraction is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum fraction of the total range to cover in a single step.
- [MaxSteps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxSteps.en.md): MaxSteps is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum number of steps to take in generating a result.
- [MaxStepSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxStepSize.en.md): MaxStepSize is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum size of a single step used in generating a result.
- [MaxTrainingRounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxTrainingRounds.en.md): MaxTrainingRounds is an option for NetTrain and related functions that specifies the maximum number of rounds of training to do.
- [MaxValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxValue.en.md): MaxValue[f, x] gives the maximum value of f with respect to x. MaxValue[f, {x, y, ...}] gives the maximum value of f with respect to x, y, .... MaxValue[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives the maximum value of f subject to the constraints cons. MaxValue[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom. MaxValue[..., dom] constrains variables to the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.
- [MaxwellDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxwellDistribution.en.md): MaxwellDistribution[\\[Sigma]] represents a Maxwell distribution with scale parameter \\[Sigma].
- [MaxWordGap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxWordGap.en.md): MaxWordGap is an option for SearchAdjustment that specifies the number of words that can occur between the terms of a phrase.
- [McLaughlinGroupMcL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/McLaughlinGroupMcL.en.md): McLaughlinGroupMcL[] represents the sporadic simple McLaughlin group McL.
- [MeanAbsoluteLossLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanAbsoluteLossLayer.en.md): MeanAbsoluteLossLayer[] represents a loss layer that computes the mean absolute loss between the Input port and Target port.
- [MeanAround](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanAround.en.md): MeanAround[{x1, x2, x3, ...}] gives an Around object describing the mean of the xi and its uncertainty. MeanAround[{{x11, x12, ...}, {x21, ...}, ...}] gives a VectorAround object describing the means of the vectors xi and their covariance.
- [MeanClusteringCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanClusteringCoefficient.en.md): MeanClusteringCoefficient[g] gives the mean clustering coefficient of the graph g. MeanClusteringCoefficient[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [MeanDegreeConnectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanDegreeConnectivity.en.md): MeanDegreeConnectivity[g] gives a list of k-mean degree connectivity for the graph g for successive k = 0, 1, 2 ... . MeanDegreeConnectivity[g, In] gives a list of k-mean in-degree connectivity for the graph g. MeanDegreeConnectivity[g, Out] gives a list of k-mean out-degree connectivity for the graph g. MeanDegreeConnectivity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [MeanDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanDeviation.en.md): MeanDeviation[data] gives the mean absolute deviation from the mean of the elements in data.
- [Mean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Mean.en.md): Mean[data] gives the mean estimate of the elements in data. Mean[dist] gives the mean of the distribution dist.
- [MeanFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanFilter.en.md): MeanFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the mean value in its range-r neighborhood. MeanFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [MeanGraphDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanGraphDistance.en.md): MeanGraphDistance[g] gives the mean distance between all pairs of vertices in the graph g. MeanGraphDistance[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [MeanNeighborDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanNeighborDegree.en.md): MeanNeighborDegree[g] gives a list of mean neighbor degrees of vertices for the graph g. MeanNeighborDegree[g, In] gives a list of mean neighbor in-degrees. MeanNeighborDegree[g, Out] gives a list of mean neighbor out-degrees. MeanNeighborDegree[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [MeanPointDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanPointDensity.en.md): MeanPointDensity[pdata] estimates the mean point density \\[Lambda] from point data pdata in the observation region reg. MeanPointDensity[bdata] estimates the mean point density \\[Lambda] from binned data bdata. MeanPointDensity[pproc] computes the mean point density \\[Lambda] for point process pproc.
- [MeanShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanShift.en.md): MeanShift[list, d] replaces each element in list by the mean of the values of all elements that differ by less than d. MeanShift[list, d, {p1, p2, ...}] returns the list where only the specified parts pi are replaced with mean-shifted values. MeanShift[image, ...] mean shift of the pixel values in image.
- [MeanShiftFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanShiftFilter.en.md): MeanShiftFilter[data, r, d] filters data by replacing every value by the mean of the pixels in a range-r neighborhood and whose value is within a distance d. MeanShiftFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}, d] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [MeanSquaredLossLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeanSquaredLossLayer.en.md): MeanSquaredLossLayer[] represents a loss layer that computes the mean squared loss between its Input port and Target port.
- [MedianDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MedianDeviation.en.md): MedianDeviation[data] gives the median absolute deviation from the median OverscriptBox[q, ^] 1/2 of the elements in data.
- [Median](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Median.en.md): Median[data] gives the median estimate OverscriptBox[q, ^] 1/4 of the elements in data. Median[dist] gives the median of the distribution dist.
- [MedianFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MedianFilter.en.md): MedianFilter[image, r] filters image by replacing every value by the median in its range-r neighborhood. MedianFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [MedicalTestData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MedicalTestData.en.md): MedicalTestData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the medical test entity. MedicalTestData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified medical test entities. MedicalTestData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Medium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Medium.en.md): Medium is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be medium sized.
- [MeijerG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeijerG.en.md): MeijerG[{{a1, ..., an}, {a n + 1, ..., ap}}, {{b1, ..., bm}, {b m + 1, ..., bq}}, z] is the Meijer G-function G_p^\\ q, m, \\ n(z \\[VerticalSeparator] GridBox[{ { RowBox[{a1, ,, ..., ,, ap}]}, { RowBox[{b1, ,, ..., ,, bq}]} }]).
- [MeijerGReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeijerGReduce.en.md): MeijerGReduce[expr, x] attempts to reduce expr to a single MeijerG object as a function of x.
- [MeixnerDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeixnerDistribution.en.md): MeixnerDistribution[a, b, m, d] represents a Meixner distribution with location parameter m, scale parameter a, skew parameter b, and shape parameter d.
- [MellinConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MellinConvolve.en.md): MellinConvolve[f, g, x, y] gives the Mellin convolution with respect to x of the expressions f and g. MellinConvolve[f, g, {x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Mellin convolution.
- [MellinTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MellinTransform.en.md): MellinTransform[expr, x, s] gives the Mellin transform of expr. MellinTransform[expr, {x1, x2, ...}, {s1, s2, ...}] gives the multidimensional Mellin transform of expr.
- [MemberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MemberQ.en.md): MemberQ[list, form] returns True if an element of list matches form, and False otherwise. MemberQ[list, form, levelspec] tests all parts of list specified by levelspec. MemberQ[form] represents an operator form of MemberQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [MemoryAvailable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MemoryAvailable.en.md): MemoryAvailable[] gives the estimated number of bytes readily available for storing additional data in the current Wolfram Language kernel session.
- [MemoryConstrained](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MemoryConstrained.en.md): MemoryConstrained[expr, b] evaluates expr, stopping if more than b bytes of memory are requested. MemoryConstrained[expr, b, failexpr] returns failexpr if the memory constraint is not met.
- [MemoryConstraint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MemoryConstraint.en.md): MemoryConstraint is an option for TestReport and VerificationTest that specifies how much memory (in bytes) the test is allowed to use.
- [MemoryInUse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MemoryInUse.en.md): MemoryInUse[] gives the number of bytes currently being used to store all data in the current Wolfram Language kernel session. MemoryInUse[$FrontEnd] gives the number of bytes used in the Wolfram System front end.
- [MengerMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MengerMesh.en.md): MengerMesh[n] gives a mesh region representing the n^th-step Menger sponge. MengerMesh[n, d] gives the n^th-step Menger sponge in dimension d.
- [MenuCommandKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MenuCommandKey.en.md): MenuCommandKey is an option for cells that specifies the keyboard shortcut to be associated with a style listed in the Format \\[FilledRightTriangle] Style submenu.
- [MenuPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MenuPacket.en.md): MenuPacket[integer, string] is a WSTP packet indicating a menu request with title string.
- [MenuSortingValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MenuSortingValue.en.md): MenuSortingValue is an option for cells and notebooks that specifies where a cell style, stylesheet, or palette is listed in the Format \\[FilledRightTriangle] Style submenu, Format \\[FilledRightTriangle] Stylesheet submenu, or Palettes menu respectively.
- [MenuStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MenuStyle.en.md): MenuStyle is an option for menu-generating constructs that specifies the style to use in displaying menu items.
- [MenuView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MenuView.en.md): MenuView[{lbl1 -> expr1, lbl2 -> expr2, ...}] represents an object in which selecting the menu item with label lbli displays expri. MenuView[{lbl1 -> expr1, lbl2 -> expr2, ...}, i] makes the i^th item be the one currently selected. MenuView[{{v1, lbl1 -> expr1}, {v2, lbl2 -> expr2}, ...}, v] associates values vi with successive menu items, and makes the item with value v be the one currently selected. MenuView[{expr1, expr2, ...}] takes the menu items' labels to be successive ...
- [Merge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Merge.en.md): Merge[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}, f] merges the associations associ, using the function f to combine values with the same key. Merge[{key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...}, f] gives an association in which values corresponding to identical keys are combined using f. Merge[f] represents an operator form of Merge that can be applied to an expression.
- [MergingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MergingFunction.en.md): MergingFunction is an option for functions such as TimeSeries and PersistentSymbol that specifies a function to apply to a list of values.
- [MersennePrimeExponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MersennePrimeExponent.en.md): MersennePrimeExponent[n] gives the n^th Mersenne prime exponent.
- [MersennePrimeExponentQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MersennePrimeExponentQ.en.md): MersennePrimeExponentQ[n] returns True if n is a Mersenne prime exponent, and False otherwise.
- [MeshCellCentroid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellCentroid.en.md): MeshCellCentroid is an annotation of MeshRegion and BoundaryMeshRegion objects that gives the centroids of mesh cells.
- [MeshCellCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellCount.en.md): MeshCellCount[mreg] gives a list {c0, c1, ...} of counts cd of cells of dimension d in the mesh region mreg. MeshCellCount[mreg, d] gives the total count of cells of dimension d. MeshCellCount[mreg, cellspec] gives the total count of cells specified by cellspec.
- [MeshCellHighlight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellHighlight.en.md): MeshCellHighlight is an option and annotation of MeshRegion, BoundaryMeshRegion, and related functions that specifies mesh cells to highlight.
- [MeshCellIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellIndex.en.md): MeshCellIndex[mreg, d] gives the cell indices for cells of dimension d in the mesh region mreg. MeshCellIndex[mreg, cellspec] gives the cell indices for the cells specified by cellspec.
- [MeshCellLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellLabel.en.md): MeshCellLabel is an option to MeshRegion, BoundaryMeshRegion and related functions that specifies labels and placements for mesh cells.
- [MeshCellMarker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellMarker.en.md): MeshCellMarker is an option to MeshRegion and BoundaryMeshRegion that specifies integer markers to associate with mesh cells.
- [MeshCellMeasure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellMeasure.en.md): MeshCellMeasure is an annotation of MeshRegion and BoundaryMeshRegion objects that gives the measures of mesh cells.
- [MeshCellQuality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellQuality.en.md): MeshCellQuality is an annotation of MeshRegion and BoundaryMeshRegion objects that gives a quality measure for mesh cells.
- [MeshCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCells.en.md): MeshCells[mreg, d] gives the cells of dimension d in the mesh region mreg. MeshCells[mreg, cellspec] gives the cells specified by cellspec.
- [MeshCellShapeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellShapeFunction.en.md): MeshCellShapeFunction is an option and annotation for MeshRegion, BoundaryMeshRegion, and related functions that specifies functions to use to generate primitives for rendering mesh cells.
- [MeshCellStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCellStyle.en.md): MeshCellStyle is an option and annotation of MeshRegion, BoundaryMeshRegion, and related functions that specifies styles to use for mesh cells.
- [MeshConnectivityGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshConnectivityGraph.en.md): MeshConnectivityGraph[mr, 0] gives a graph of points connected by lines. MeshConnectivityGraph[mr, d] gives a graph between cells of dimension d that share a cell of dimension d - 1. MeshConnectivityGraph[mr, {d, e}, r] gives a graph from cells of dimension d to cells of dimension e that share a cell of dimension r.
- [MeshCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshCoordinates.en.md): MeshCoordinates[mreg] gives a list of coordinates in the mesh region mreg.
- [Mesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Mesh.en.md): Mesh is an option for Plot3D, DensityPlot, and other plotting functions that specifies what mesh should be drawn.
- [MeshFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshFunctions.en.md): MeshFunctions is an option for plotting functions that specifies functions to use to determine the placement of mesh divisions.
- [MeshPrimitives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshPrimitives.en.md): MeshPrimitives[mreg, d] gives the graphics primitives for cells of dimension d in the mesh region mreg. MeshPrimitives[mreg, cellspec] gives the primitives specified by cellspec.
- [MeshQualityGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshQualityGoal.en.md): MeshQualityGoal is an option for DiscretizeRegion and related functions that specifies a mesh cell quality goal for the result.
- [MeshRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshRange.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MeshRange has been superseded by DataRange.
- [MeshRefinementFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshRefinementFunction.en.md): MeshRefinementFunction is an option for DiscretizeRegion and related functions that specifies a function to indicate whether mesh cells should be refined or not.
- [MeshRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshRegion.en.md): MeshRegion[{p1, p2, ...}, {mcell1[{i1, ...}], mcell2[{j1, ...}], ...}] yields a mesh with cells mcellj, where coordinates given as integer i are taken to be pi. MeshRegion[..., {..., wi[mcelli[...]], ...}] yields a mesh with cell properties defined by the symbolic wrapper wi. MeshRegion[mreg, opts] yields a mesh from a mesh region mreg with options opts.
- [MeshRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshRegionQ.en.md): MeshRegionQ[reg] yields True if the region reg is a valid MeshRegion object and False otherwise.
- [MeshShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshShading.en.md): MeshShading is an option for plotting functions that gives lists of colors to use for regions between mesh divisions.
- [MeshStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeshStyle.en.md): MeshStyle is an option for Plot3D, DensityPlot, and other plotting functions that specifies the style in which to draw a mesh.
- [MessageDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MessageDialog.en.md): MessageDialog[expr] puts up a standard message dialog that displays expr together with an OK button. MessageDialog[expr, {lbl1 :> act1, lbl2 :> act2, ...}] includes buttons with labels lbli that evaluate the corresponding acti if clicked.
- [Message](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Message.en.md): Message[symbol::tag] prints the message symbol::tag unless it has been switched off. Message[symbol::tag, e1, e2, ...] prints a message, inserting the values of the ei as needed.
- [MessageList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MessageList.en.md): MessageList[n] is a global object assigned to be a list of the names of messages generated during the processing of the n^th input line.
- [MessageName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MessageName.en.md): symbol::tag is a name for a message.
- [MessagePacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MessagePacket.en.md): MessagePacket[symbol, string] is a WSTP packet containing a Wolfram Language message identifier of the form symbol::string.
- [Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Messages.en.md): Messages[symbol] gives all the messages assigned to a particular symbol.
- [MetaInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MetaInformation.en.md): MetaInformation is an option giving metainformation for Image, CloudObject, and other objects.
- [MeteorShowerData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeteorShowerData.en.md): MeteorShowerData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the meteor shower entity. MeteorShowerData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified meteor shower entities. MeteorShowerData[name, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Method](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Method.en.md): Method is an option for various algorithm-intensive functions that specifies what internal methods they should use.
- [MexicanHatWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MexicanHatWavelet.en.md): MexicanHatWavelet[] represents the Mexican hat wavelet of width 1. MexicanHatWavelet[\\[Sigma]] represents the Mexican hat wavelet of width \\[Sigma].
- [MeyerWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MeyerWavelet.en.md): MeyerWavelet[] represents the Meyer wavelet of order 3. MeyerWavelet[n] represents the Meyer wavelet of order n evaluated on the equally spaced interval {-10, 10}. MeyerWavelet[n, lim] represents the Meyer wavelet of order n evaluated on the equally spaced interval {-lim, lim}.
- [MidDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MidDate.en.md): MidDate[datespec] gives the midpoint instant of a date or list of dates datespec. MidDate[datespec, gran] gives the midpoint date object with granularity gran. MidDate[datespec, gran, x] gives the date that is the fraction x between the beginning and end of datespec.
- [Midpoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Midpoint.en.md): Midpoint[{p1, p2}] gives the midpoint of the line segment connecting the points p1 and p2. Midpoint[Line[{p1, p2}]] gives the midpoint of a line.
- [MIMETypeToFormatList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MIMETypeToFormatList.en.md): MIMETypeToFormatList[] returns lists of file formats corresponding to all registered MIME types. MIMETypeToFormatList[mime] returns a list of file formats that matches the MIME type mime.
- [MinColorDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinColorDistance.en.md): MinColorDistance is an option for DominantColors that specifies the minimum distance between returned colors.
- [MinDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinDate.en.md): MinDate[{date1, date2, ...}] gives the earliest date of the datei. MinDate[interval] gives the beginning of the date interval interval. MinDate[interval, gran] gives the beginning of interval as specified by granularity gran.
- [MinDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinDetect.en.md): MinDetect[image] gives a binary image in which white pixels correspond to constant extended minima in image. MinDetect[image, h] finds extended minima where the range of values is not greater than h. MinDetect[data, ...] applies minima detection to an array of data.
- [Min](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Min.en.md): Min[x1, x2, ...] yields the numerically smallest of the xi. Min[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, ...}, ...] yields the smallest element of any of the lists.
- [MineralData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MineralData.en.md): MineralData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the mineral entity. MineralData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified mineral entities. MineralData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [MinFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinFilter.en.md): MinFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the minimum value in its range-r neighborhood. MinFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [MinimalBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinimalBy.en.md): MinimalBy[data, f] returns a list of the elements ei of data for which the value of f is minimal. MinimalBy[data, f, n] returns a list of the elements ei of data corresponding to the n smallest f[ei]. MinimalBy[data, f, n, p] uses the ordering function p for sorting. MinimalBy[f] represents an operator form of MinimalBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [MinimalPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinimalPolynomial.en.md): MinimalPolynomial[s, x] gives the minimal polynomial in x for which the algebraic number s is a root. MinimalPolynomial[u, x] gives the minimal polynomial of the finite field element u over \\[DoubleStruckCapitalZ]p. MinimalPolynomial[u, x, k] gives the minimal polynomial of u over the p^k-element subfield of the ambient field of u. MinimalPolynomial[u, x, emb] gives the minimal polynomial of u relative to the finite field embedding emb.
- [MinimalStateSpaceModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinimalStateSpaceModel.en.md): MinimalStateSpaceModel[sys] gives the minimal state-space model of the state-space model sys. MinimalStateSpaceModel[sys, {z1, ...}] specifies the new coordinates zi.
- [Minimize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Minimize.en.md): Minimize[f, x] minimizes f symbolically with respect to x. Minimize[f, {x, y, ...}] minimizes f symbolically with respect to x, y, .... Minimize[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] minimizes f symbolically subject to the constraints cons. Minimize[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom. Minimize[..., dom] constrains variables to the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.
- [MinimumTimeIncrement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinimumTimeIncrement.en.md): MinimumTimeIncrement[tes] gives the minimum time increment in the time or event series data tes.
- [MinIntervalSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinIntervalSize.en.md): MinIntervalSize is an option for IntervalSlider that specifies the minimum size of the interval during interactive editing.
- [MinkowskiQuestionMark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinkowskiQuestionMark.en.md): MinkowskiQuestionMark[x] gives Minkowski's question mark function ?(x).
- [MinLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinLimit.en.md): MinLimit[f, x -> x^*] gives the min limit \\[MinLimit] x -> x^* f (x). MinLimit[f, {x1 -> x_1^*, ..., xn -> x_n^*}] gives the nested min limit UnderscriptBox[\\[MinLimit], x1 -> x_1^*] \\[CenterEllipsis] UnderscriptBox[\\[MinLimit], xn -> x_n^*] f\\[InvisibleApplication] (x1, ..., xn). MinLimit[f, {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] gives the multivariate min limit UnderscriptBox[\\[MinLimit], {x1, ..., xn} -> { x_1^*, ..., x_n^*}] f\\[InvisibleApplication] (x1, ..., ...
- [MinMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinMax.en.md): MinMax[list] gives the list {Min[list], Max[list]}. MinMax[list, \\[Delta]] gives {Min[list] - \\[Delta], Max[list] + \\[Delta]}. MinMax[list, Scaled[s]] gives {Min[list] - \\[Delta], Max[list] + \\[Delta]} where \\[Delta] = s*(Max[list] - Min[list]). MinMax[list, {\\[Delta]min, \\[Delta]max}] gives {Min[list] - \\[Delta]min, Max[list] + \\[Delta]max}.
- [MinorPlanetData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinorPlanetData.en.md): MinorPlanetData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the minor planet entity. MinorPlanetData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified minor planet entities. MinorPlanetData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Minors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Minors.en.md): Minors[m] gives the minors of a matrix m. Minors[m, k] gives the k^th minors. Minors[m, k, f] applies the function f rather than Det to each of the submatrices picked out.
- [MinPointSeparation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinPointSeparation.en.md): MinPointSeparation is an option for GeoGraphValuePlot that determines when to merge nearby vertices into a single vertex.
- [MinStableDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinStableDistribution.en.md): MinStableDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Xi]] represents a generalized minimum extreme value distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], scale parameter \\[Sigma], and shape parameter \\[Xi].
- [Minus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Minus.en.md): -x is the arithmetic negation of x.
- [MinusPlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinusPlus.en.md): MinusPlus[x] displays as \\[MinusPlus]x. MinusPlus[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[MinusPlus] y \\[MinusPlus] ....
- [MinValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinValue.en.md): MinValue[f, x] gives the minimum value of f with respect to x. MinValue[f, {x, y, ...}] gives the exact minimum value of f with respect to x, y, .... MinValue[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives the minimum value of f subject to the constraints cons. MinValue[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom. MinValue[..., dom] constrains variables to the domain dom, typically Reals or Integers.
- [MissingBehavior](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingBehavior.en.md): MissingBehavior is an option to Query and related functions that specifies how expressions with head Missing should be interpreted in the context of other functions.
- [MissingDataMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingDataMethod.en.md): MissingDataMethod is an option to TimeSeries, EventSeries and other functions that controls how to process missing data.
- [MissingDataRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingDataRules.en.md): MissingDataRules is an option for SemanticImport and related functions that specifies what should be considered missing and what to replace it with.
- [Missing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Missing.en.md): Missing[] represents data that is missing. Missing[reason] specifies a reason for the data's being missing. Missing[reason, expr] associates the expression expr with the missing data.
- [MissingFallback](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingFallback.en.md): MissingFallback[arg1, arg2, ...] gives the first argument argi that is not MissingQ.
- [MissingQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingQ.en.md): MissingQ[expr] gives True if expr has head Missing.
- [MissingString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingString.en.md): MissingString is an option for TextString and related functions that indicates how an expression with head Missing should be converted to a string.
- [MissingStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingStyle.en.md): MissingStyle is an option for GeoRegionValuePlot that specifies how locations with missing data should be displayed.
- [MissingValuePattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingValuePattern.en.md): MissingValuePattern is an option for SynthesizeMissingValues and ToTabular to specify which data elements are considered missing.
- [MissingValueSynthesis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MissingValueSynthesis.en.md): MissingValueSynthesis is an option for functions such as Classify that specifies how missing values should be replaced.
- [MittagLefflerE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MittagLefflerE.en.md): MittagLefflerE[\\[Alpha], z] gives the Mittag-Leffler function \\[Alpha]. MittagLefflerE[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], z] gives the generalized Mittag-Leffler function MittagLefflerE[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], z].
- [MixedFractionParts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixedFractionParts.en.md): MixedFractionParts[expr] gives the list {IntegerPart[expr], FractionalPart[expr]}.
- [MixedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixedGraphQ.en.md): MixedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a mixed graph and False otherwise.
- [MixedMagnitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixedMagnitude.en.md): MixedMagnitude[{val1, val2, ..., valn}] represents a mixed-magnitude expression consisting of values val1 through valn.
- [MixedRadix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixedRadix.en.md): MixedRadix[{b1, ..., bn}] represents the list of bases of a numerical system in which different digits have different bases.
- [MixedRadixQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixedRadixQuantity.en.md): MixedRadixQuantity[{value1, ..., valuen}, {unit1, ..., unitn}] yields a single Quantity expression representing the addition of compatible units with magnitude values.
- [MixedUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixedUnit.en.md): MixedUnit[{unit1, unit2, ..., unitn}] represents a mixed-unit expression consisting of units unit1 through unitn.
- [MixtureDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MixtureDistribution.en.md): MixtureDistribution[{w1, ..., wn}, {dist1, ..., distn}] represents a mixture distribution whose CDF is given as a sum of the CDFs of the component distributions disti, each with weight wi.
- [Modal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Modal.en.md): Modal is an option to functions such as CreateDialog that specifies whether the dialog that is created should be modal to the Wolfram System front end.
- [ModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ModelFit.en.md): ModelFit[data, model] fits a model for data from the model specification model. ModelFit[data, {model1, model2 ...}] selects the modeli that best fits data. ModelFit[data, model, props] returns the specified properties props associated with the fit.
- [ModelFitReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ModelFitReport.en.md): ModelFitReport[...] represents a symbolic fit report obtained from functions like ModelFit. ModelFitReport[...][prop] extracts a property from the report.
- [ModelPredictiveController](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ModelPredictiveController.en.md): ModelPredictiveController[sspec, cost, cons] computes the model predictive controller for the system specification sspec that minimizes the cost function cost and satisfies the constraints cons. ModelPredictiveController[...,  prop] returns the value of the property  prop.
- [Mod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Mod.en.md): Mod[m, n] gives the remainder on division of m by n. Mod[m, n, d] uses an offset d.
- [ModularInverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ModularInverse.en.md): ModularInverse[k, n] gives the modular inverse of k modulo n.
- [ModularLambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ModularLambda.en.md): ModularLambda[\\[Tau]] gives the modular lambda elliptic function ModularLambda[\\[Tau]].
- [Module](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Module.en.md): Module[{x, y, ...}, expr] specifies that occurrences of the symbols x, y, ... in expr should be treated as local. Module[{x = x0, ...}, expr] defines initial values for x, ....
- [Modulus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Modulus.en.md): Modulus -> n is an option that can be given in certain algebraic functions to specify that integers should be treated modulo n.
- [MoebiusMu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoebiusMu.en.md): MoebiusMu[n] gives the Möbius function \\[Mu] (n).
- [MoleculeAlign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeAlign.en.md): MoleculeAlign[ref, mol] returns a version of mol that is aligned with reference molecule ref. MoleculeAlign[ref, mol, {r1 -> m1, r2 -> m2, ...}] aligns atoms in mol with index mi to the atoms in ref with index ri. MoleculeAlign[ref, mol, patt] uses the molecule pattern patt to find an atom mapping between ref and mol. MoleculeAlign[ref, {mol1, mol2, ...}, patt] aligns each of the moli with ref. MoleculeAlign[ref, mols, patt, prop] aligns the molecules and returns the property prop of the ...
- [MoleculeContainsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeContainsQ.en.md): MoleculeContainsQ[molecule, patt] returns True if patt is a substructure of molecule, and False otherwise. MoleculeContainsQ[patt] represents an operator form of MoleculeContainsQ that can be applied to a molecule.
- [MoleculeDraw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeDraw.en.md): MoleculeDraw[] displays a window with interactive tools for drawing a Molecule, and returns the result. MoleculeDraw[mol] displays a window that initially contains the Molecule mol.
- [Molecule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Molecule.en.md): Molecule[{atom1, atom2, ...}, {bond1, bond2, ...}] represents a molecule with atoms atomi and bonds bondi. Molecule[name] gives the molecule corresponding to the input name.
- [MoleculeEquivalentQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeEquivalentQ.en.md): As of Version 13.0, MoleculeEquivalentQ has been superseded by MoleculeMatchQ.
- [MoleculeFeatureDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeFeatureDistance.en.md): MoleculeFeatureDistance[mol1, mol2] gives a distance measure between mol1 and mol2.
- [MoleculeFingerprint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeFingerprint.en.md): MoleculeFingerprint[mol] returns a data structure representing features of the molecule mol. MoleculeFingerprint[mol, method] uses the specified method to generate a fingerprint for mol. MoleculeFingerprint[mol, method,  format] gives a fingerprint in the specified format. MoleculeFingerprint[{mol1, mol2, ...}, ...] gives the fingerprint for each of the moli.
- [MoleculeFreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeFreeQ.en.md): MoleculeFreeQ[molecule, patt] returns True if patt is not a substructure of molecule, and False otherwise. MoleculeFreeQ[patt] represents an operator form of MoleculeFreeQ that can be applied to a molecule.
- [MoleculeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeGraph.en.md): MoleculeGraph[mol] returns a graph constructed from the molecule mol.
- [MoleculeMatchQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeMatchQ.en.md): MoleculeMatchQ[mol, patt] returns True if the Molecule matches the given pattern. MoleculeMatchQ[patt] represents an operator form of MoleculeMatchQ that can be applied to a molecule.
- [MoleculeMaximumCommonSubstructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeMaximumCommonSubstructure.en.md): MoleculeMaximumCommonSubstructure[{mol1, mol2, ...}] returns a molecule pattern representing the largest common substructure for the input molecules. MoleculeMaximumCommonSubstructure[{mol1, mol2, ...}, params] uses params to determine equivalence between atoms and bonds.
- [MoleculeMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeMesh.en.md): MoleculeMesh[mol] returns a BoundaryMeshRegion object representing the Molecule or BioMolecule mol. MoleculeMesh[mol, type] returns a mesh of surface type type. MoleculeMesh[mol, {type, param1 -> val1, ...}] uses the supplied parameters to create the mesh.
- [MoleculeModify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeModify.en.md): MoleculeModify[mol,  mod] gives a molecule or list of molecules derived from the molecule mol by applying the modification  mod. MoleculeModify[mol, {mod, specs}] gives a molecule or list of molecules derived from the molecule mol by applying the modification  mod with additional specifications specs. MoleculeModify[mod] represents an operator form of MoleculeModify that can be applied to a molecule.
- [MoleculeName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeName.en.md): MoleculeName[mol] attempts to return the systematic chemical name for the given molecule. MoleculeName[mol,  source] uses the given source to find the molecule name.
- [MoleculePattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculePattern.en.md): MoleculePattern[{atom1, atom2, ... }, { bond1, bond2, ... }] represents a molecule pattern with atoms atomi and bonds bondi for use in substructure searching. MoleculePattern[smarts] represents a molecule pattern from the input SMARTS pattern.
- [MoleculePatternQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculePatternQ.en.md): MoleculePatternQ[patt] returns True if patt is a valid MoleculePattern object and False otherwise.
- [MoleculePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculePlot3D.en.md): MoleculePlot3D[mol] creates a three-dimensional model of the molecule mol. MoleculePlot3D[mol, patt] creates a model of mol where all atoms and bonds matching the pattern patt are highlighted.
- [MoleculePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculePlot.en.md): MoleculePlot[mol] creates a two-dimensional structure diagram of the molecule mol. MoleculePlot[mol, patt] creates a diagram of mol where all atoms and bonds matching the pattern patt are highlighted.
- [MoleculeProperty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeProperty.en.md): MoleculeProperty[pname] represents a property identified by pname for use in MoleculeValue. MoleculeProperty[{pname, item}] represents a property that applies to item within a molecule.
- [MoleculeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeQ.en.md): MoleculeQ[mol] returns True if mol is a valid Molecule expression, and False otherwise.
- [MoleculeRecognize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeRecognize.en.md): MoleculeRecognize[image] recognizes a molecule in image and returns it as a Molecule object.
- [MoleculeSubstructureCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeSubstructureCases.en.md): MoleculeSubstructureCases[mol, patt] gives a list of molecule substructures representing each occurrence of patt in mol. MoleculeSubstructureCases[mol, patt, n] includes only the first n substructures. MoleculeSubstructureCases[mol, patt, n,  prop] gives a list with the given property for each substructure.
- [MoleculeSubstructureCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeSubstructureCount.en.md): MoleculeSubstructureCount[mol, patt] gives a count of the number of times patt appears as a substructure in mol. MoleculeSubstructureCount[patt] represents an operator form of MoleculeSubstructureCount that can be applied to a molecule.
- [MoleculeSubstructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeSubstructure.en.md): MoleculeSubstructure[mol, atoms, bonds] represents the substructure in the molecule mol defined by given atoms and bonds. MoleculeSubstructure[mol, atoms] represents the substructure with the indicated atoms and any bonds between them.
- [MoleculeSubstructureQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeSubstructureQ.en.md): MoleculeSubstructureQ[ms] returns True if ms is a valid MoleculeSubstructure and False otherwise.
- [MoleculeValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeValue.en.md): MoleculeValue[molecule, property] gives the value of the specified property for the given molecule. MoleculeValue[{molecule1, molecule2, ...}, property] gives the list of values for the specified property for each of the moleculei. MoleculeValue[molecule, {property1, property2, ...}] gives the list of values of the propertyi for the specified molecule. MoleculeValue[molecule, {property, item}] gives the value of the specified property for item in molecule. MoleculeValue[{molecule1, molecule2, ...
- [MoleculeValuePlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeValuePlot3D.en.md): MoleculeValuePlot3D[mol,  prop] returns a three-dimensional plot of the molecule mol with colors corresponding to the atom or bond property prop. MoleculeValuePlot3D[mol, {item1 -> val1, ...}] returns a plot with atoms or bonds colored according to the specified values. MoleculeValuePlot3D[mol, func] uses the pure function func to determine values by which to color atoms or bonds.
- [MoleculeValuePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoleculeValuePlot.en.md): MoleculeValuePlot[mol,  prop] returns a two-dimensional plot of the molecule mol with colors corresponding to the atom or bond property prop. MoleculeValuePlot[mol, {item1 -> val1, ...}] returns a molecule plot with atoms or bonds colored according to the specified values. MoleculeValuePlot[mol, func] uses the pure function func to determine values by which to color atoms or bonds.
- [MomentConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MomentConvert.en.md): MomentConvert[mexpr, form] converts the moment expression mexpr to the specified form.
- [Moment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Moment.en.md): Moment[data, r] gives the order r moment \\[Mu] r of data. Moment[data, {r1, ..., rm}] gives the order {r1, ..., rm} multivariate moment \\[Mu] Subscript[r, 1], ..., Subscript[r, m] of data. Moment[dist, ...] gives the moment of the distribution dist. Moment[r] represents the order r formal moment.
- [MomentEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MomentEvaluate.en.md): MomentEvaluate[mexpr, dist] evaluates formal moments in the moment expression mexpr on the distribution dist. MomentEvaluate[mexpr, list] evaluates formal moments and formal sample moments in mexpr on the data list. MomentEvaluate[mexpr, dist, list] evaluates formal moments on the distribution dist and formal sample moments on the data list.
- [MomentGeneratingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MomentGeneratingFunction.en.md): MomentGeneratingFunction[dist, t] gives the moment-generating function for the distribution dist as a function of the variable t. MomentGeneratingFunction[dist, {t1, t2, ...}] gives the moment-generating function for the multivariate distribution dist as a function of the variables t1, t2, ... .
- [MomentOfInertia](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MomentOfInertia.en.md): MomentOfInertia[reg, pt, v] computes the moment of inertia for the region reg rotating around an axis through the point pt in direction v. MomentOfInertia[reg] computes the moment of inertia matrix for the region reg relative to the center of mass. MomentOfInertia[reg, pt] computes the moment of inertia matrix relative to the point pt.
- [Monday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Monday.en.md): Monday is a day of the week.
- [Monitor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Monitor.en.md): Monitor[expr, mon] generates a temporary monitor cell in which the continually updated current value of mon is displayed during the course of evaluation of expr. Monitor[expr] automatically sets up monitor based on the head of expr.
- [MonomialList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MonomialList.en.md): MonomialList[poly] gives the list of all monomials in the polynomial poly. MonomialList[poly, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the list of monomials with respect to the variables xi in poly. MonomialList[poly, {x1, x2, ...}, order] puts the monomials in the specified order.
- [MonsterGroupM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MonsterGroupM.en.md): MonsterGroupM[] represents the sporadic simple monster group M.
- [MoonPhaseDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoonPhaseDate.en.md): MoonPhaseDate[] returns the date of the next new moon. MoonPhaseDate[phase] returns the date of the next instance of the given phase of the Moon. MoonPhaseDate[date, phase] returns the date for the first instance of the given phase after date.
- [MoonPhase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoonPhase.en.md): MoonPhase[] gives moon phase fraction of illumination for the current date. MoonPhase[datespec] gives moon phase fraction of illumination for the specified date. MoonPhase[property] gives the property of the moon phase for the current date. MoonPhase[datespec, property] gives the property of the moon phase for the specified date.
- [MoonPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoonPosition.en.md): MoonPosition[] gives the position of the Moon for the current date and location. MoonPosition[datespec] gives the position of the Moon for the specified date. MoonPosition[locationspec] gives the position of the Moon for the specified location. MoonPosition[locationspec, datespec] gives the position of the Moon for the specified date and location. MoonPosition[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives the positions of the Moon for all specified locations on the specified dates. ...
- [MorletWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorletWavelet.en.md): MorletWavelet[] represents a Morlet wavelet.
- [MorphologicalBinarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalBinarize.en.md): MorphologicalBinarize[image, {t1, t2}] creates a binary image from image by replacing all values above the upper threshold t2 with 1, also including pixels with intensities above the lower threshold t1 that are connected to the foreground. MorphologicalBinarize[image, t] uses t as the upper threshold, automatically choosing a suitable value for the lower threshold. MorphologicalBinarize[image] chooses the lower and the upper threshold automatically.
- [MorphologicalBranchPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalBranchPoints.en.md): MorphologicalBranchPoints[image] gives a version of a binary image image in which white pixels represent the morphological branch points.
- [MorphologicalComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalComponents.en.md): MorphologicalComponents[image] gives an array in which each pixel of image is replaced by an integer index representing the connected foreground image component in which the pixel lies. MorphologicalComponents[image, t] treats values above t as foreground. MorphologicalComponents[video, ...] computes connected components in frames of video.
- [MorphologicalEulerNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalEulerNumber.en.md): MorphologicalEulerNumber[image] computes the morphological Euler number of regions in a binary image. MorphologicalEulerNumber[image, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [MorphologicalGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalGraph.en.md): MorphologicalGraph[image] gives a graph object that represents the connectivity of the morphological branch points and endpoints of the objects in image after applying morphological thinning.
- [MorphologicalPerimeter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalPerimeter.en.md): MorphologicalPerimeter[image] picks out the morphological perimeter of regions of foreground in image. MorphologicalPerimeter[image, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [MorphologicalTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalTransform.en.md): MorphologicalTransform[image, f] applies the function f to the 3*3 neighborhood of each pixel in a binary image image. MorphologicalTransform[image, rule] applies a morphological transformation specified by a rule number rule. MorphologicalTransform[image,  name] uses a named transformation  name. MorphologicalTransform[image, transformation, n] applies n iterations of transformation on image.
- [MortalityData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MortalityData.en.md): MortalityData[spec] gives the values of all properties for the specified demographic. MortalityData[spec, property] gives the value of the specified property for the specified demographic.
- [Most](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Most.en.md): Most[expr] gives expr with the last element removed.
- [MountainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MountainData.en.md): MountainData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the mountain entity. MountainData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified mountain entities. MountainData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [MouseAnnotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MouseAnnotation.en.md): MouseAnnotation[] gives any mouse annotation associated with the expression at the current mouse position.
- [MouseAppearance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MouseAppearance.en.md): MouseAppearance[expr, graphic] changes the mouse cursor to appear as graphic when the mouse pointer is in the area where expr is displayed. MouseAppearance[expr, graphic, {x, y}] uses the coordinates {x, y} in the graphic as the hotspot for the mouse cursor. MouseAppearance[expr, graphic, Scaled[{x, y}]] uses the scaled coordinates {x, y} as the hotspot for the mouse cursor. MouseAppearance[expr, cursorname] uses the named cursor cursorname as the mouse cursor. MouseAppearance[expr, ...
- [Mouseover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Mouseover.en.md): Mouseover[expr, over] represents an object that displays as over when the mouse pointer is over it, and as expr otherwise.
- [MousePosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MousePosition.en.md): MousePosition[] gives the current mouse position in the notebook front end. MousePosition[coords] gives the mouse position with respect to the specified coordinate system. MousePosition[coords, def] returns def if the mouse is not over an object that defines the specified coordinate system.
- [MovieData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MovieData.en.md): MovieData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the movie entity. MovieData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified movie entities. MovieData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [MovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MovingAverage.en.md): MovingAverage[list, r] gives the moving average of list, computed by averaging runs of r elements. MovingAverage[list, {w1, w2, ..., wr}] gives the moving average of list, computed with weights wi.
- [MovingMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MovingMap.en.md): MovingMap[f, tes, wspec] applies f to windows specified by wspec in the time or event series data tes. MovingMap[f, tes, wspec, padding] pads tes using padding. MovingMap[{ncomp1 -> f1, ncomp2 -> f2, ...}, tes, ...] constructs a new time series with components ncompi obtained by applying the functions fi to windows of tes.
- [MovingMedian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MovingMedian.en.md): MovingMedian[list, r] gives the moving median of list, computed using spans of r elements.
- [MoyalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MoyalDistribution.en.md): MoyalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a Moyal distribution with location parameter \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. MoyalDistribution[] represents a Moyal distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [MultiaxisArrangement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultiaxisArrangement.en.md): MultiaxisArrangement is an option to plotting functions that specifies how multiple axes are arranged.
- [Multicolumn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Multicolumn.en.md): Multicolumn[list, cols] is an object that formats with the elements of list arranged in a grid with the indicated number of columns. Multicolumn[list, {rows, Automatic}] formats as a grid with the indicated number of rows. Multicolumn[list, {rows, cols}] formats as a grid with the indicated number of rows and columns. Multicolumn[list] formats with the elements of list in a roughly square arrangement.
- [MultiedgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultiedgeStyle.en.md): MultiedgeStyle is an option for GraphPlot and related functions that specifies how to draw multiple edges.
- [MultigraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultigraphQ.en.md): MultigraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a multigraph and False otherwise.
- [MultilaunchWarning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultilaunchWarning.en.md): MultilaunchWarning is a global option that specifies whether a warning is given when you try to modify user preferences while running two copies of the Wolfram System simultaneously.
- [MultilineFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultilineFunction.en.md): MultilineFunction is an option for UnderscriptBox and related box objects that specifies what to do when the contents of a box object are too long to fit on one line.
- [MultinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultinomialDistribution.en.md): MultinomialDistribution[n, {p1, p2, ..., pm}] represents a multinomial distribution with n trials and probabilities pi.
- [Multinomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Multinomial.en.md): Multinomial[n1, n2, ...] gives the multinomial coefficient (n1 + n2 + ...)!/(n1! n2! ...).
- [MultinormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultinormalDistribution.en.md): MultinormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a multivariate normal (Gaussian) distribution with mean vector \\[Mu] and covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma]. MultinormalDistribution[\\[CapitalSigma]] represents a multivariate normal distribution with zero mean vector and covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma].
- [MultipleHarmonicNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultipleHarmonicNumber.en.md): MultipleHarmonicNumber[n] gives the n^th multiple harmonic number HarmonicNumber[n]. MultipleHarmonicNumber[n, {r1, ..., rk}] gives the n^th multiple harmonic number n of orders (r1, r2, ..., rk). MultipleHarmonicNumber[n, {r1, ..., rk}, {s1, ..., sk}] gives the n^th decorated multiple harmonic number MultipleHarmonicNumber[n, {r1, ..., rk}, {s1, ..., sk}] of orders (r1, r2, ..., rk) and decoration values (s1, s2, ..., sk).
- [MultiplePolyLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultiplePolyLog.en.md): MultiplePolyLog[{z1, ..., zk}, {s1, ..., sk}] gives the multiple polylogarithm {z1, ..., zk}, defined by the nested sum UnderscriptBox[\\[Sum], \\ n1\\ > \\ n2\\ > \\ ... \\ > \\ nk\\ >= \\ 1, LimitsPositioning->True](s1 n1 s2 n2 ... sk nk)/( z1 n1 z2 n2 ... zk nk).
- [MultipleZeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultipleZeta.en.md): MultipleZeta[{s1, s2, ..., sk}] gives the multiple zeta function MultipleZeta[{s1, s2, ..., sk}], defined by the nested sum UnderscriptBox[\\[Sum], \\ i1\\ >\\ ... \\ \\ > \\ ik\\ > \\ 0]\\[Product]j = 1 k ij -TraditionalForm\\`sj.
- [MultiplicativeOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultiplicativeOrder.en.md): MultiplicativeOrder[k, n] gives the multiplicative order of k modulo n, defined as the smallest integer m such that k^m \\[Congruent] 1 mod n. MultiplicativeOrder[k, n, {r1, r2, ...}] gives the generalized multiplicative order of k modulo n, defined as the smallest integer m such that k^m \\[Congruent] ri mod n for some i.
- [MultiplySides](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultiplySides.en.md): MultiplySides[rel, x] multiplies each side of the equation or inequality rel by x. MultiplySides[rel1, rel2] multiplies the corresponding sides of two equations or inequalities.
- [Multiselection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Multiselection.en.md): Multiselection is an option to ListPicker that specifies whether multiple values may be selected.
- [MultivariateHypergeometricDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultivariateHypergeometricDistribution.en.md): MultivariateHypergeometricDistribution[n, {m1, m2, ..., mk}] represents a multivariate hypergeometric distribution with n draws without replacement from a collection containing mi objects of type i.
- [MultivariatePoissonDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultivariatePoissonDistribution.en.md): MultivariatePoissonDistribution[\\[Mu]0, {\\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]2, ...}] represents a multivariate Poisson distribution with mean vector {\\[Mu]0 + \\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]0 + \\[Mu]2, ...}.
- [MultivariateTDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MultivariateTDistribution.en.md): MultivariateTDistribution[\\[CapitalSigma], \\[Nu]] represents the multivariate Student t distribution with scale matrix \\[CapitalSigma] and degrees of freedom parameter \\[Nu]. MultivariateTDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma], \\[Nu]] represents the multivariate Student t distribution with location \\[Mu], scale matrix \\[CapitalSigma], and \\[Nu] degrees of freedom.
- [MusicChord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicChord.en.md): MusicChord[p] returns a chord with the specified pitch list p. MusicChord[p, d] returns a chord with the specified pitch list p and duration d. MusicChord[p, d, properties] returns a chord with the specified property association properties. MusicChord[music, p, d, properties] returns a chord with properties inherited from another chord music.
- [MusicDuration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicDuration.en.md): MusicDuration[dur] returns the note duration with the specified duration dur. MusicDuration[dur, mult] returns the note duration with dur sounding in the space of dur*mult. MusicDuration[dur, mult, properties] returns the note duration with the specified property association properties. MusicDuration[music, dur, properties] returns the note duration with properties inherited from another note duration music. MusicDuration[music, dur, mult, properties] returns the note duration with properties ...
- [MusicInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicInterval.en.md): MusicInterval[d] returns the music interval spanning a distance d. MusicInterval[..., properties] returns a music interval with the specified property association properties. MusicInterval[music, ...] returns a music interval with properties inherited from another music interval music.
- [MusicKeySignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicKeySignature.en.md): MusicKeySignature[alts] returns a key signature with the specified altered pitch alts. MusicKeySignature[..., properties] returns a key signature with the specified property association properties.
- [MusicMeasure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicMeasure.en.md): MusicMeasure[{event1, event2, ...}] returns a musical measure that contains the musical events eventi. MusicMeasure[events, ts, ks] returns a musical measure with time signature ts and key signature ks. MusicMeasure[events, ts, ks, properties] returns a musical measure with the specified property association properties. MusicMeasure[music, events, ts, ks, properties] returns a musical measure with properties inherited from another measure music.
- [MusicMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicMeasurements.en.md): MusicMeasurements[music,  prop] returns the value of property  prop for the entire music. MusicMeasurements[music, {prop, params}] returns the value of property  prop given params for the entire music. MusicMeasurements[{music1, music2, ...}, ...] returns the value computed on all the music objects musici. MusicMeasurements[prop] represents an operator form of MusicMeasurements that can be applied to an expression.
- [MusicNote](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicNote.en.md): MusicNote[p] returns a music note with the specified pitch p. MusicNote[p, d] returns a music note with the specified pitch p and duration d. MusicNote[p, d, properties] returns a music note with the specified property association properties. MusicNote[music, p, d, properties] returns a music note with properties inherited from another music note music.
- [MusicObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicObjectQ.en.md): MusicObjectQ[music] yields True if music is a valid music object.
- [MusicPitch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicPitch.en.md): MusicPitch[p] returns a musical pitch parsed from the pitch specification p. MusicPitch[p, properties] returns a musical pitch with the specified property association properties. MusicPitch[music, p, properties] returns a musical pitch with properties inherited from another musical pitch music.
- [MusicPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicPlot.en.md): MusicPlot[music] plots the pitches contained in music.
- [MusicRest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicRest.en.md): MusicRest[d] returns the music rest with duration d. MusicRest[d, properties] returns the music rest with the specified property association properties. MusicRest[music, d, properties] returns the music rest with properties inherited from another music rest music.
- [MusicScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicScale.en.md): MusicScale[name] returns the scale with the specified name. MusicScale[{pitch1, pitch2, ...}] returns the scale constructed from the pitches pi. MusicScale[{interval1, interval2, ...}] returns the scale constructed from the intervals intervali. MusicScale[..., properties] returns the scale with the specified property association properties. MusicScale[music, ...] returns the scale with properties inherited from another scale music.
- [MusicScore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicScore.en.md): MusicScore[{voice1, voice2, ...}] returns a musical score that contains the MusicVoice objects voicei. MusicScore[{event1, event2, ...}] returns a musical score that contains the musical events eventi. MusicScore[{{event11, event12, ...}, {event21, event22, ...}}] returns a musical score that contains the musical events eventij in the ith voice. MusicScore[events, ts, ks] returns a musical score with time signature ts and key signature ks. MusicScore[events, ts, ks, properties] returns a ...
- [MusicTempo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicTempo.en.md): MusicTempo is an option for MusicScore that specifies the tempo used for playback.
- [MusicTimeSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicTimeSignature.en.md): MusicTimeSignature[n] returns a time signature with n quarter-note beats to a measure. MusicTimeSignature[n, d] returns a time signature with specified numerator n and denominator d. MusicTimeSignature[n, d, b] returns a time signature with specified numerator n, denominator d and beat length b. MusicTimeSignature[..., properties] returns a time signature with the specified property association properties. MusicTimeSignature[music, ...] returns a time signature with properties inherited from ...
- [MusicTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicTransform.en.md): MusicTransform[music, tf] applies the transformation tf to the music object music. MusicTransform[music, {tf, params}] applies tf to music with parameters params. MusicTransform[tf] represents an operator form of MusicTransform that can be applied to an expression.
- [MusicVoice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MusicVoice.en.md): MusicVoice[{measure1, measure2, ...}] returns a musical voice that contains the MusicMeasure objects measurei. MusicVoice[{event1, event2, ...}] returns a musical voice that contains the musical events eventi. MusicVoice[{{event11, event12, ...}, {event21, event22, ...}}] returns a musical voice that contains the musical events eventij in the ith measure. MusicVoice[events, ts, ks] returns a musical voice with time signature ts and key signature ks. MusicVoice[events, ts, ks, properties] ...
- [NakagamiDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NakagamiDistribution.en.md): NakagamiDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Omega]] represents a Nakagami distribution with shape parameter \\[Mu] and spread parameter \\[Omega].
- [NameQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NameQ.en.md): NameQ[string] yields True if there are any symbols whose names match the string pattern given, and yields False otherwise.
- [Names](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Names.en.md): Names[string] gives a list of the names of symbols that match the string. Names[patt] gives a list of names matching the arbitrary string pattern patt. Names[{patt1, patt2, ...}] gives a list of names matching any of the patti.
- [Nand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Nand.en.md): Nand[e1, e2, ...] is the logical NAND function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving True immediately if any of them are False, and False if they are all True.
- [NArgMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NArgMax.en.md): NArgMax[f, x] gives a position xmax at which f is numerically globally maximized. NArgMax[f, {x, y, ...}] gives a position {xmax, ymax, ...} at which f is numerically globally maximized. NArgMax[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives a position at which f is numerically globally maximized subject to the constraints cons. NArgMax[..., x \\[Element] reg] constrains x to be in the region reg.
- [NArgMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NArgMin.en.md): NArgMin[f, x] gives a position xmin at which f is numerically globally minimized. NArgMin[f, {x, y, ...}] gives a position {xmin, ymin, ...} at which f is numerically globally minimized. NArgMin[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives a position at which f is numerically globally minimized subject to the constraints cons. NArgMin[..., x \\[Element] reg] constrains x to be in the region reg.
- [NBodySimulationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NBodySimulationData.en.md): NBodySimulationData[data...] represents the result of an n-body simulation.
- [NBodySimulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NBodySimulation.en.md): NBodySimulation[law, {state1, ..., staten}, t] generates a simulation of the motion of a system of n bodies with initial states statei, governed by the specified potential or force law, over a length of time t. NBodySimulation[law, <|body1 -> state1, ..., bodyn -> staten|>, t] generates a simulation of the motion of a system of n bodies with names bodyi.
- [NCache](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NCache.en.md): NCache[x, xn] represents a numeric cache object for a quantity with exact value x and approximate numerical value xn.
- [NCaputoD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NCaputoD.en.md): NCaputoD[f, {x, \\[Alpha]}, x 0] gives a numerical approximation to the Caputo fractional derivative \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]^C \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]0 D_x^\\[Alpha] f(x) \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]of order \\[Alpha] of the function f at the point x 0.
- [NContourIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NContourIntegrate.en.md): NContourIntegrate[f, z \\[Element] cont] gives the numerical integral of f along the contour defined by cont in the complex plane.
- [NDEigensystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NDEigensystem.en.md): NDEigensystem[\\[ScriptCapitalL][u[x, y, ...]], u, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives the n smallest magnitude eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the linear differential operator \\[ScriptCapitalL] over the region \\[CapitalOmega]. NDEigensystem[{\\[ScriptCapitalL] 1[u[x, y, ...], v[x, y, ...], ...], \\[ScriptCapitalL] 2[u[x, y, ...], v[x, y, ...], ...], ...}, {u, v, ...}, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the coupled ...
- [NDEigenvalues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NDEigenvalues.en.md): NDEigenvalues[\\[ScriptCapitalL][u[x, y, ...]], u, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives the n smallest magnitude eigenvalues for the linear differential operator \\[ScriptCapitalL] over the region \\[CapitalOmega]. NDEigenvalues[{\\[ScriptCapitalL]1[u[x, y, ...], v[x, y, ...], ...], \\[ScriptCapitalL]2[u[x, y, ...], v[x, y, ...], ...], ...}, {u, v, ...}, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], n] gives eigenvalues for the coupled differential operators {op1, op2, ...} over the ...
- [NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NDSolve.en.md): NDSolve[eqns, u, {x, xmin, xmax}] finds a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equations eqns for the function u with the independent variable x in the range xmin to xmax. NDSolve[eqns, u, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] solves the partial differential equations eqns over a rectangular region. NDSolve[eqns, u, {x, y} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega]] solves the partial differential equations eqns over the region \\[CapitalOmega]. NDSolve[eqns, u, {t, tmin, tmax}, {x, y} \\[Element] ...
- [NDSolveValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NDSolveValue.en.md): NDSolveValue[eqns, expr, {x, xmin, xmax}] gives the value of expr with functions determined by a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equations eqns with the independent variable x in the range xmin to xmax. NDSolveValue[eqns, expr, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] solves the partial differential equations eqns over a rectangular region. NDSolveValue[eqns, expr, {x, y} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega]] solves the partial differential equations eqns over the region \\[CapitalOmega]. ...
- [Nearest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Nearest.en.md): Nearest[{elem1, elem2, ...}, x] gives the list of elemi to which x is nearest. Nearest[{elem1 -> v1, elem2 -> v2, ...}, x] gives the vi corresponding to the elemi to which x is nearest. Nearest[{elem1, elem2, ...} -> {v1, v2, ...}, x] gives the same result. Nearest[{elem1, elem2, ...} -> prop, x] gives the property prop for the elemi to which x is nearest. Nearest[data, {x1, x2, ...}] effectively gives {Nearest[data, x1], Nearest[data, x2], ...}. Nearest[data, x, n] gives the n ...
- [NearestFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestFunction.en.md): NearestFunction[data] represents a function whose values give the elements closest to an element that is supplied.
- [NearestMeshCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestMeshCells.en.md): NearestMeshCells[mr, pt] gives the indices for the cells to which the point pt is nearest in the mesh region mr. NearestMeshCells[mr, pt, n] gives the n nearest cell indices to pt. NearestMeshCells[mr, pt, {n, r}] gives the n or fewer nearest cell indices to pt that are within radius r of pt. NearestMeshCells[{mr, d}, ...] gives the indices for the cells of dimension d.
- [NearestModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestModel.en.md): NearestModel[] represents an untrained nearest neighbors model. NearestModel[k] uses only the specified number of k-neighbors. NearestModel[hpars, vars] uses the explicit hyperparameters hpars and variable specification vars.
- [NearestNeighborG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestNeighborG.en.md): NearestNeighborG[pdata, r] estimates the nearest neighbor function G(r) at radius r in the point data pdata. NearestNeighborG[pproc, r] computes G(r) for the point process pproc. NearestNeighborG[bdata, r] computes G(r) for binned data bdata. NearestNeighborG[pspec] generates the function G that can be applied repeatedly to different radii r.
- [NearestNeighborGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestNeighborGraph.en.md): NearestNeighborGraph[{elem1, elem2, ...}] gives a graph with vertices elem1, elem2, ... and edges connecting each elemi to its nearest neighbors. NearestNeighborGraph[{elem1, elem2, ...}, k] gives a graph connecting each elemi to its k nearest neighbors. NearestNeighborGraph[{elem1, elem2, ...}, {k, r}] gives a graph connecting each elemi to at most k nearest vertices within radius r of elemi. NearestNeighborGraph[{elem1, elem2, ...}, {All, r}] gives a graph connecting each elemi to all ...
- [NearestTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NearestTo.en.md): NearestTo[x] is an operator form that yields Nearest[elems, x] when applied to a list elems. NearestTo[x, n] is an operator form that yields Nearest[elems, x, n] when applied to a list elems. NearestTo[x, {n, r}] is an operator form that yields Nearest[elems, x, {n, r}] when applied to a list elems.
- [NebulaData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NebulaData.en.md): NebulaData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the nebula entity. NebulaData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified nebula entities. NebulaData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [NeedlemanWunschSimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeedlemanWunschSimilarity.en.md): NeedlemanWunschSimilarity[u, v] gives a number representing the Needleman-Wunsch similarity between strings, vectors or biomolecular sequences u and v.
- [Needs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Needs.en.md): Needs[context`] loads an appropriate file if the specified context is not already in $Packages. Needs[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\] ->  StyleBox[\alias`\, \TI\]] loads the given context and establishes alias as a context alias for that context. Needs[context`,  file] loads file if the specified context is not already in $Packages.
- [NegativeBinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeBinomialDistribution.en.md): NegativeBinomialDistribution[n, p] represents a negative binomial distribution with parameters n and p.
- [NegativeDefiniteMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeDefiniteMatrixQ.en.md): NegativeDefiniteMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly negative definite, and False otherwise.
- [Negative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Negative.en.md): Negative[x] gives True if x is a negative number.
- [NegativeIntegers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeIntegers.en.md): NegativeIntegers represents the domain of strictly negative integers, as in x \\[Element] NegativeIntegers.
- [NegativelyOrientedPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativelyOrientedPoints.en.md): NegativelyOrientedPoints[{p1, p2, p3, ..., pn}] tests whether the sequence of points p1, p2, p3, ..., pn is negatively oriented.
- [NegativeMultinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeMultinomialDistribution.en.md): NegativeMultinomialDistribution[n, p] represents a negative multinomial distribution with parameter n and failure probability vector p.
- [NegativeRationals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeRationals.en.md): NegativeRationals represents the domain of strictly negative rational numbers, as in x \\[Element] NegativeRationals.
- [NegativeReals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeReals.en.md): NegativeReals represents the domain of strictly negative real numbers.
- [NegativeSemidefiniteMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NegativeSemidefiniteMatrixQ.en.md): NegativeSemidefiniteMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly negative semidefinite, and False otherwise.
- [NeighborhoodData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeighborhoodData.en.md): NeighborhoodData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the neighborhood entity. NeighborhoodData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified neighborhood entities. NeighborhoodData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [NeighborhoodGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeighborhoodGraph.en.md): NeighborhoodGraph[g, v] gives the graph neighborhood of a vertex v in the graph g. NeighborhoodGraph[g, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the graph neighborhood of the ai that can be vertices, edges, or subgraphs of g. NeighborhoodGraph[g, patt] gives the graph neighborhood of the vertices and edges that match the pattern patt. NeighborhoodGraph[g, ..., d] gives the neighborhood up to distance d. NeighborhoodGraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [N](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/N.en.md): N[expr] gives the numerical value of expr. N[expr, n] attempts to give a result with n-digit precision.
- [NestedGreaterGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestedGreaterGreater.en.md): NestedGreaterGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NestedGreaterGreater] y \\[NestedGreaterGreater] ....
- [NestedLessLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestedLessLess.en.md): NestedLessLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NestedLessLess] y \\[NestedLessLess] ....
- [Nest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Nest.en.md): Nest[f, expr, n] gives an expression with f applied n times to expr. Nest[f, n] represents an operator form of Nest that can be applied to expressions.
- [NestGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestGraph.en.md): NestGraph[f, expr, n] gives the graph obtained by starting with expr and applying f successively n times. NestGraph[f, {expr1, expr2, ...}, n] gives the graph obtained by applying f to expr1, expr2, .... NestGraph[f, graph, n] gives the graph obtained by applying f to the vertices of graph and extending the graph.
- [NestList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestList.en.md): NestList[f, expr, n] gives a list of the results of applying f to expr 0 through n times. NestList[f, n] represents an operator form of NestList that can be applied to expressions.
- [NestTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestTree.en.md): NestTree[f, tree] adds children to each leaf of tree, with f[expr] giving the list of data for the new children of a leaf with data expr. NestTree[f, tree, n] successively applies f to the data of each leaf up to level n, adding at most n levels to each leaf. NestTree[f, tree, n, h] additionally applies h to the data of the new subtrees. NestTree[f, expr, ...] constructs a tree by nesting f on the tree leaf with data expr.
- [NestWhile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestWhile.en.md): NestWhile[f, expr, test] starts with expr, then repeatedly applies f until applying test to the result no longer yields True. NestWhile[f, expr, test, m] supplies the most recent m results as arguments for test at each step. NestWhile[f, expr, test, All] supplies all results so far as arguments for test at each step. NestWhile[f, expr, test, m, max] applies f at most max times. NestWhile[f, expr, test, m, max, n] applies f an extra n times. NestWhile[f, expr, test, m, max, -n] returns the ...
- [NestWhileList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NestWhileList.en.md): NestWhileList[f, expr, test] generates a list of the results of applying f repeatedly, starting with expr, and continuing until applying test to the result no longer yields True. NestWhileList[f, expr, test, m] supplies the most recent m results as arguments for test at each step. NestWhileList[f, expr, test, All] supplies all results so far as arguments for test at each step. NestWhileList[f, expr, test, m, max] applies f at most max times.
- [NetAppend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetAppend.en.md): NetAppend[net, layer] appends a layer or a net onto a NetChain, a layer or a NetGraph with one output port. NetAppend[net,  name -> layer] appends a layer with a given name. NetAppend[net, {layer1, layer2, ...}] appends several layers or nets.
- [NetArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetArray.en.md): NetArray[] represents an array in a net. NetArray[name] uses  name as an identifier to share the array in more than one layer. NetArray[array] uses array as a set of initial values for the array. NetArray[prop -> value] specifies the property prop for the array. NetArray[<|Name -> name, Array -> array, ...|>] specifies several properties for the array.
- [NetArrayLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetArrayLayer.en.md): NetArrayLayer[] represents a layer that has no input and produces as output a constant array. NetArrayLayer[opts] includes options for the initial value of the array or output size.
- [NetBidirectionalOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetBidirectionalOperator.en.md): NetBidirectionalOperator[net] represents a net that applies net to a sequence and to its reverse, concatenating both results into one output sequence. NetBidirectionalOperator[{fnet, bnet}] uses fnet on the normal input and bnet on the reversed input. NetBidirectionalOperator[nets, agg] aggregates the two output sequences using the specified aggregation function.
- [NetChain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetChain.en.md): NetChain[{layer1, layer2, ...}] specifies a neural net in which the output of layeri is connected to the input of layer i +1. NetChain[<|SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> layer1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> layer2, ...|>] specifies a net consisting of a chain of explicitly named layers.
- [NetDecoder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetDecoder.en.md): NetDecoder[name] represents a decoder that takes a net representation and decodes it into an expression of a given form. NetDecoder[{ name, ...}] represents a decoder with additional parameters specified.
- [NetDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetDelete.en.md): NetDelete[net, n] deletes the n^th layer from a NetChain or NetGraph. NetDelete[net,  name] deletes a named layer. NetDelete[net, {spec1, spec2, ...}] deletes several layers simultaneously. NetDelete[graph, NetPort[name]] deletes an output or state-input port from a NetGraph. NetDelete[graph, {NetPort[SubscriptBox[name, 1]], NetPort[SubscriptBox[name, 2]], ...}] deletes several output or state-input ports simultaneously.
- [NetDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetDrop.en.md): NetDrop[chain, n] removes the first n layers from a NetChain. NetDrop[chain, -n] removes the last n layers from a NetChain. NetDrop[chain, {start, end}] drops the layers between start and end in a NetChain.
- [NetEncoder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetEncoder.en.md): NetEncoder[name] represents an encoder that takes a given form of input and encodes it as an array for use in a net. NetEncoder[{ name, ...}] represents an encoder with additional parameters specified.
- [NetEvaluationMode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetEvaluationMode.en.md): NetEvaluationMode is an option that can be given when applying neural net functions to input data, specifying whether the net should use training-specific behavior.
- [NetEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetEvaluator.en.md): NetEvaluator is an option for certain functions that specifies which software back end should perform the computation.
- [NetExternalObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetExternalObject.en.md): NetExternalObject[...] represents a net model in an external framework format.
- [NetExtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetExtract.en.md): NetExtract[layer, param] extracts the value of a parameter for the specified net layer. NetExtract[net, lspec] extracts the layer identified by lspec from within the NetGraph or NetChain object net. NetExtract[net, {lspec, param}] extracts the value of the parameter param from the layer identified by lspec in net. NetExtract[net, NetArray[spec]] extracts the value of a shared array within a network or layer. NetExtract[coder, param] extracts the value of a parameter for the specified ...
- [NetFlatten](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetFlatten.en.md): NetFlatten[net] collapses nested NetChain and NetGraph objects within net. NetFlatten[net, n] collapses up to nesting level n.
- [NetFoldOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetFoldOperator.en.md): NetFoldOperator[net] represents a net in which net is folded over a sequence of inputs, maintaining a recurrent state. NetFoldOperator[net, {SubscriptBox[out, i] -> SubscriptBox[in, 1], ...}] represents a net in which net is folded over its inputs, maintaining a recurrent state by feeding the outi of each step back to the ini of the next step. NetFoldOperator[net, feedback, {SubscriptBox[const, 1], SubscriptBox[const, 2], ...}] treats the inputs consti to net as being constant instead of ...
- [NetGANOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetGANOperator.en.md): NetGANOperator[{generator, discriminator}] represents a network to perform generative adversarial network (GAN) training with a generative net generator and a classification net discriminator. NetGANOperator[{generator, discriminator}, loss] specifies the loss type to be used.
- [NetGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetGraph.en.md): NetGraph[{layer1, layer2, ...}, {m1 -> n1, m2 -> n2, ...}] specifies a neural net defined by a graph in which the output of layer mi is given as input to layer ni. NetGraph[<|SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> layer1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> layer2, ...|>, {SubscriptBox[name, m1] -> SubscriptBox[name, n1], ...}] specifies a net with explicitly named layers. NetGraph[layer] converts a layer or a NetChain into an equivalent minimal NetGraph.
- [NetInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetInformation.en.md): NetInformation is being phased out in favor of Information as of Version 12.1.
- [NetInitialize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetInitialize.en.md): NetInitialize[net] gives a net in which all uninitialized learnable parameters in net have been given initial values. NetInitialize[net, All] gives a net in which all learnable parameters have been given initial values.
- [NetInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetInsert.en.md): NetInsert[chain, layer, i] inserts a layer into a NetChain before the layer at position i. NetInsert[chain,  name -> layer,  pos] inserts a named layer into a NetChain before the layer at the given position.
- [NetInsertSharedArrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetInsertSharedArrays.en.md): NetInsertSharedArrays[net] converts all ordinary arrays in net into NetSharedArray objects. NetInsertSharedArrays[net,  prefix] uses a prefix for the names of all newly shared arrays.
- [NetJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetJoin.en.md): NetJoin[net1, net2, ...] connects a series of NetChain or NetGraph objects to form a single NetChain or NetGraph.
- [NetMapOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetMapOperator.en.md): NetMapOperator[net] represents a net in which net is mapped over a sequence of inputs to give a sequence of outputs.
- [NetMapThreadOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetMapThreadOperator.en.md): NetMapThreadOperator[mapnet] represents a net in which mapnet is mapped over one or more inputs to give one or more outputs. NetMapThreadOperator[mapnet, n] represents a net in which mapnet is mapped over its inputs at depth n. NetMapThreadOperator[mapnet, <|SubscriptBox[input, i] -> n1, SubscriptBox[input, 2] -> n2, ...|>] represents a net in which mapnet is mapped over the input named inputi at depth ni, and all other inputs are replicated.
- [NetMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetMeasurements.en.md): NetMeasurements[net, data, measurement] computes the requested measurement for the net evaluated on data. NetMeasurements[net, data, {mspec1, mspec2, ...}] computes a list of measurements for the net evaluated on data.
- [NetModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetModel.en.md): NetModel[name] obtains a neural net model with the specified name from the Neural Net Repository. NetModel[{ name, SubscriptBox[param, 1] -> setting1, ...}] obtains a specified model from a parameterized family of models. NetModel[model,  prop] gives property prop of the model. NetModel[] gives a dataset of available pre-trained neural net models.
- [NetNestOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetNestOperator.en.md): NetNestOperator[net, n] represents a net in which net is applied n times to the input.
- [NetPairEmbeddingOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetPairEmbeddingOperator.en.md): NetPairEmbeddingOperator[net] represents a net that takes a pair of arrays, embeds them into a vector space using net, and outputs the distance under the embedding. NetPairEmbeddingOperator[net, opts] includes options for distance function to use and other parameters.
- [NetPort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetPort.en.md): NetPort[port] represents the specified input or output port for a complete net. NetPort[{n, port}] represents the specified port for layer number n in a NetGraph or similar construct. NetPort[{ name, port}] represents the specified port for the layer with the specified name. NetPort[spec, port] is treated as equivalent to NetPort[{spec, port}]. NetPort[{spec1, spec2, ..., port}] permits access to the port of nested layers in a NetGraph or a NetChain. NetPort[All, States] represents the set ...
- [NetPortGradient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetPortGradient.en.md): NetPortGradient[port] represents the gradient of the output of a net with respect to the value of the specified input port. NetPortGradient[param] represents the gradient of the output with respect to a learned parameter named param. NetPortGradient[{layer1, layer2, ...,  param}] represents the gradient with respect to a parameter at a specific position in a net. NetPortGradient[All] represents the gradients with respect to all inputs and parameters.
- [NetPrepend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetPrepend.en.md): NetPrepend[net, layer] prepends a layer or a net onto a NetChain, a layer or a NetGraph with one input port. NetPrepend[net,  name -> layer] appends a layer with a given name. NetPrepend[net, {layer1, layer2, ...}] prepends several layers or nets.
- [NetRename](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetRename.en.md): NetRename[net,  old ->  new] gives a net in which the name old for a layer is replaced with new. NetRename[net, NetPort[old] -> NetPort[new]] gives a net in which the name old for an input or output port is replaced with new. NetRename[net, {rule1, rule2, ...}] performs all renamings specified by the rulei. NetRename[net, f] uses a function f to map existing layer names to new names. NetRename[net, rules, levelspec] renames layers and ports nested at level levelspec.
- [NetReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetReplace.en.md): NetReplace[net, patt -> layer] gives a net in which all layers matching patt are replaced with layer. NetReplace[net, {rule1, rule2, ...}] performs all replacements specified by the rulei.
- [NetReplacePart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetReplacePart.en.md): NetReplacePart[layer, array -> value] replaces an array within a layer, returning a new layer. NetReplacePart[net, port -> type] returns a new layer or network in which an input or output port has the specified type. NetReplacePart[net, input -> encoder] attaches a NetEncoder[...] to a specified input port. NetReplacePart[net, output -> decoder] attaches a NetDecoder[...] to a specified output port. NetReplacePart[net, lspec -> layer] returns a new NetChain or NetGraph in ...
- [NetSharedArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetSharedArray.en.md): NetSharedArray is being phased out in favor of NetArray, which was introduced in Version 12.2.
- [NetStateObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetStateObject.en.md): NetStateObject[net] creates an object derived from net that represents a neural net with additional stored state information that is updated when the net is applied to data. NetStateObject[net, seed] creates an object in which additional stored state information is initialized using seed.
- [NetTake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetTake.en.md): NetTake[net, end] takes only those layers up to end in a NetChain or NetGraph. NetTake[net, {start, end}] takes only those layers between start and end in a NetChain or NetGraph.
- [NetTrain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetTrain.en.md): NetTrain[net, {input1 -> output1, input2 -> output2, ...}] trains the specified neural net by giving the inputi as input and minimizing the discrepancy between the outputi and the actual output of the net, using an automatically chosen loss function. NetTrain[net, <|port1 -> {data11, data12, ...}, port2 -> {...}, ...|>] trains the specified net by supplying training data at the specified ports. NetTrain[net, dataset] trains on a named dataset from the Wolfram Data ...
- [NetTrainResultsObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetTrainResultsObject.en.md): NetTrainResultsObject[...] represents an object generated by NetTrain that contains the trained net and other information about the training process.
- [NetUnfold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetUnfold.en.md): NetUnfold[fnet] produces the elementary net of the folded net fnet, exposing the recurrent states.
- [NetworkPacketCapture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetworkPacketCapture.en.md): NetworkPacketCapture[] creates a temporary interactive interface for capturing information on network packets transmitted or received through all network interfaces on your computer. NetworkPacketCapture[service] captures only packets associated with the specified network service. NetworkPacketCapture[port] captures only packets associated with the specified port. NetworkPacketCapture[spec] captures only packets matching the specification spec.
- [NetworkPacketRecording](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetworkPacketRecording.en.md): NetworkPacketRecording[t] records information on network packets transmitted or received through all network interfaces on your computer for t seconds. NetworkPacketRecording[t, service] records only packets associated with the specified network service. NetworkPacketRecording[t, port] records only packets associated with the specified port. NetworkPacketRecording[t, {port1, port2, ...}] records only packets associated with any of the ports porti. NetworkPacketRecording[t, spec] records only ...
- [NetworkPacketTrace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NetworkPacketTrace.en.md): NetworkPacketTrace[expr] evaluates expr and returns information on network packets transmitted or received through all network interfaces on your computer during the time of the evaluation, together with the result of the evaluation. NetworkPacketTrace[expr, service] records only packets associated with the specified network service. NetworkPacketTrace[expr, port] records only packets associated with the specified port. NetworkPacketTrace[expr, {port1, port2, ...}] records only packets ...
- [NeumannBoundaryUnitNormal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeumannBoundaryUnitNormal.en.md): NeumannBoundaryUnitNormal[{x, y, ...}] represents an outward-pointing unit normal vector at the point {x, y, ...} on the boundary of a filled region.
- [NeumannValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeumannValue.en.md): NeumannValue[val, pred] represents a Neumann boundary value val, specified on the part of the boundary of the region given to NDSolve and related functions where pred is True.
- [NevilleThetaC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NevilleThetaC.en.md): NevilleThetaC[z, m] gives the Neville theta function \\[CurlyTheta]c (z \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [NevilleThetaD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NevilleThetaD.en.md): NevilleThetaD[z, m] gives the Neville theta function \\[CurlyTheta]d (z \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [NevilleThetaN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NevilleThetaN.en.md): NevilleThetaN[z, m] gives the Neville theta function \\[CurlyTheta]n (z \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [NevilleThetaS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NevilleThetaS.en.md): NevilleThetaS[z, m] gives the Neville theta function \\[CurlyTheta]s (z \\[VerticalSeparator] m).
- [NewMoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NewMoon.en.md): NewMoon[] gives the date of the next new moon. NewMoon[date] gives the date of the first new moon after the given date.
- [NExpectation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NExpectation.en.md): NExpectation[expr, x \\[Distributed] dist] gives the numerical expectation of expr under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution dist. NExpectation[expr, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist] gives the numerical expectation of expr under the assumption that {x1, x2, ...} follows the multivariate distribution dist. NExpectation[expr, {x1 \\[Distributed] dist1, x2 \\[Distributed] dist2, ...}] gives the numerical expectation of expr under the assumption that x1, x2, ... are ...
- [NextCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NextCell.en.md): NextCell[] returns the CellObject corresponding to the cell directly below the currently evaluating cell. NextCell[cellobj] starts looking from the given cell. NextCell[NotebookSelection[nbobj]] starts looking from the bottommost selected item.
- [NextDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NextDate.en.md): NextDate[gran] gives the next occurring date of the specified granularity type gran. NextDate[daytype] gives the next day corresponding to the specified daytype. NextDate[date, gran] gives the next date of the given granularity relative to the specified date.
- [NextPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NextPrime.en.md): NextPrime[x] gives the smallest prime above x. NextPrime[x, k] gives the k^th-next prime above x.
- [NextScheduledTaskTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NextScheduledTaskTime.en.md): NextScheduledTaskTime is being phased out in favor of TaskObject, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [NextValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NextValue.en.md): NextValue[inc] returns the next value of the incremental inc.
- [NeymanScottPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeymanScottPointProcess.en.md): NeymanScottPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], rdist, d] represents a Neyman-Scott point process with density function \\[Mu], cluster mean \\[Lambda] and radial cluster point distribution rdist in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d. NeymanScottPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], mdist, d] uses a multivariate cluster point distribution mdist in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [NFractionalD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NFractionalD.en.md): NFractionalD[f, {x, \\[Alpha]}, x 0] gives a numerical approximation to the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative \\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]0 D_x^\\[Alpha] f(x) of order \\[Alpha] of the function f at the point x 0.
- [NHoldAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NHoldAll.en.md): NHoldAll is an attribute which specifies that none of the arguments to a function should be affected by N.
- [NHoldFirst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NHoldFirst.en.md): NHoldFirst is an attribute which specifies that the first argument to a function should not be affected by N.
- [NHoldRest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NHoldRest.en.md): NHoldRest is an attribute which specifies that all but the first argument to a function should not be affected by N.
- [NicholsGridLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NicholsGridLines.en.md): NicholsGridLines is an option to NicholsPlot that specifies contours of constant magnitude and constant phase of the closed-loop system.
- [NicholsPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NicholsPlot.en.md): NicholsPlot[lsys] generates a Nichols plot of the transfer function for the system lsys. NicholsPlot[lsys, {\\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots for the frequency range \\[Omega]min to \\[Omega]max. NicholsPlot[expr, {\\[Omega], \\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots expr using the variable \\[Omega].
- [NightHemisphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NightHemisphere.en.md): NightHemisphere[] is a two-dimensional GeoGraphics primitive that represents the half of the Earth currently in darkness. NightHemisphere[datespec] represents the night half of the Earth for the specified date.
- [NIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NIntegrate.en.md): NIntegrate[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] gives a numerical approximation to the integral \\[Integral]_xmin^xmax\\ f\\ d x. NIntegrate[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, ...] gives a numerical approximation to the multiple integral \\[Integral]_xmin^xmaxd x \\[Integral]_ymin^ymaxd y\\ \\ ...\\ f. NIntegrate[f, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] reg] integrates over the geometric region reg.
- [NLineIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NLineIntegrate.en.md): NLineIntegrate[f, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] curve] computes the numerical scalar line integral of the function f[x, y, ...] over the curve. NLineIntegrate[{p, q, ...}, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] curve] computes the numerical vector line integral of the vector function {p[x, y, ...], q[x, y, ...], ...}.
- [NMaximize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMaximize.en.md): NMaximize[f, x] searches for a global maximum in f numerically with respect to x. NMaximize[f, {x, y, ...}] searches for a global maximum in f numerically with respect to x, y, .... NMaximize[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] searches for a global maximum in f numerically subject to the constraints cons. NMaximize[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom.
- [NMaxValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMaxValue.en.md): NMaxValue[f, x] gives the global maximum value of f with respect to x. NMaxValue[f, {x, y, ...}] gives the global maximum value of f with respect to x, y, .... NMaxValue[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives the global maximum value of f subject to the constraints cons. NMaxValue[..., x \\[Element] reg] constrains x to be in the region reg.
- [NMinimize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMinimize.en.md): NMinimize[f, x] searches for a global minimum in f numerically with respect to x. NMinimize[f, {x, y, ...}] searches for a global minimum in f numerically with respect to x, y, .... NMinimize[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] searches for a global minimum in f numerically subject to the constraints cons. NMinimize[..., x \\[Element] rdom] constrains x to be in the region or domain rdom.
- [NMinValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMinValue.en.md): NMinValue[f, x] gives the global minimum value of f with respect to x. NMinValue[f, {x, y, ...}] gives the global minimum value of f with respect to x, y, .... NMinValue[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] gives the global minimum value of f subject to the constraints cons. NMinValue[..., x \\[Element] reg] constrains x to be in the region reg.
- [Nominal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Nominal.en.md): Nominal[{cat1, cat2, ..., catn}] represents the unordered set of categories cati. Nominal[{cat1, cat2, ..., catn}, ci] represents the category ci of the given categories. Nominal[scale] represents a set of categories with metainformation given by scale.
- [NominalScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NominalScale.en.md): NominalScale[{cat1, cat2, ..., catn}] represents a set of unordered categories cati. NominalScale[<|cat1 -> lab1, ..., catn -> labn|>] also associates the category cati with the labels labi. NominalScale[..., <|cati -> labi, ...|>] uses labi to represent cati in plots. NominalScale[Automatic] automatically determines the categories.
- [NominalVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NominalVariables.en.md): NominalVariables is an option for statistical functions such as LinearModelFit that specifies which variables should be treated as having discrete values specified by names.
- [NoncentralBetaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoncentralBetaDistribution.en.md): NoncentralBetaDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Delta]] represents a noncentral beta distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha], \\[Beta] and noncentrality parameter \\[Delta].
- [NoncentralChiSquareDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoncentralChiSquareDistribution.en.md): NoncentralChiSquareDistribution[\\[Nu], \\[Lambda]] represents a noncentral \\[Chi]^2 distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter \\[Lambda].
- [NoncentralFRatioDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoncentralFRatioDistribution.en.md): NoncentralFRatioDistribution[n, m, \\[Lambda]] represents a noncentral F-ratio distribution with n numerator degrees of freedom, m denominator degrees of freedom, and numerator noncentrality parameter \\[Lambda]. NoncentralFRatioDistribution[n, m, \\[Lambda], \\[Eta]] represents a doubly noncentral F-ratio distribution with numerator noncentrality parameter \\[Lambda] and denominator noncentrality parameter \\[Eta].
- [NoncentralStudentTDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoncentralStudentTDistribution.en.md): NoncentralStudentTDistribution[\\[Nu], \\[Delta]] represents a noncentral Student t distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom and noncentrality parameter \\[Delta].
- [NonCommutativeAlgebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeAlgebra.en.md): NonCommutativeAlgebra[alg] represents the special non-commutative algebra alg. NonCommutativeAlgebra[spec] represents the general non-commutative algebra given by the specification spec.
- [NonCommutativeCollect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeCollect.en.md): NonCommutativeCollect[expr, x, alg] collects together terms involving the same powers of objects matching x over the noncommutative algebra alg. NonCommutativeCollect[expr, {x1, x2, ...}, alg] successively collects together terms that involve the same powers of objects matching x1 then x2, .... NonCommutativeCollect[expr, {{x1, s1}, {x2, s2}, ...}, alg] successively collects together terms that involve the same powers of objects matching xi on the side indicated by si, where si is Left, Right ...
- [NonCommutativeExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeExpand.en.md): NonCommutativeExpand[expr, alg] expands out the non-commutative algebra alg operations in expr.
- [NonCommutativeGroebnerBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeGroebnerBasis.en.md): NonCommutativeGroebnerBasis[{poly1, poly2, ...}, vars, alg] attempts to find a list of polynomials that form a reduced Gröbner basis for the set of polynomials polyi in variables vars over the non-commutative algebra alg. NonCommutativeGroebnerBasis[{poly1, poly2, ...}, alg] attempts to find a list of polynomials that form a reduced Gröbner basis for the set of polynomials polyi in the generators of the non-commutative algebra alg. NonCommutativeGroebnerBasis[{poly1, poly2, ...}, alg, Left] ...
- [NonCommutativeMonomialList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeMonomialList.en.md): NonCommutativeMonomialList[poly, vars, alg] gives the list of all monomials in the polynomial poly in the variables vars over the non-commutative algebra alg. NonCommutativeMonomialList[poly, alg] gives the list of all monomials in the polynomial poly in the generators of the non-commutative algebra alg.
- [NonCommutativeMultiply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeMultiply.en.md): a ** b ** c is a general associative, but non-commutative, form of multiplication.
- [NonCommutativePolynomialQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativePolynomialQ.en.md): NonCommutativePolynomialQ[expr, vars, alg] tests whether expr is a polynomial in vars over the non-commutative algebra alg.
- [NonCommutativePolynomialReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativePolynomialReduce.en.md): NonCommutativePolynomialReduce[poly, {poly1, poly2, ...}, vars, alg] yields a list representing a reduction of the polynomial poly modulo the polynomials polyi in variables vars over the non-commutative algebra alg. The list has the form {{f1, f2, ...}, r}, where r is minimal and f1[poly1] + f2[poly2] + ... + r is exactly poly. NonCommutativePolynomialReduce[poly, {poly1, poly2, ...}, alg] yields a list representing a reduction of the polynomial poly modulo the polynomials polyi in the ...
- [NonCommutativePolynomialReduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativePolynomialReduction.en.md): NonCommutativePolynomialReduction[poly, {poly1, poly2, ...}, vars, alg] yields a reduction r of the polynomial poly modulo the polynomials polyi in variables vars over the non-commutative algebra alg. NonCommutativePolynomialReduction[poly, {poly1, poly2, ...}, alg] yields a reduction r of the polynomial poly modulo the polynomials polyi in the generators of the non-commutative algebra alg.
- [NonCommutativeVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonCommutativeVariables.en.md): NonCommutativeVariables[poly, alg] gives a list of all noncommutative variables in a polynomial poly over an algebra alg.
- [NonConstants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonConstants.en.md): NonConstants is an option for D which gives a list of objects to be taken to depend implicitly on the differentiation variables.
- [NondimensionalizationTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NondimensionalizationTransform.en.md): NondimensionalizationTransform[eq, ovars, fvars] nondimensionalizes eq, replacing original variables ovars with the variables fvars. NondimensionalizationTransform[eq, ovars, fvars, prop] returns a property associated with the nondimensionalization of eq.
- [None](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/None.en.md): None is a setting used for certain options.
- [NoneMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoneMatch.en.md): NoneMatch[{e1, e2, ...}, form] yields True if ei does not match the pattern form for any of the ei. NoneMatch[expr, form, level] tests parts of expr at level level. NoneMatch[form] represents an operator form of NoneMatch that can be applied to an expression.
- [NoneTrue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoneTrue.en.md): NoneTrue[{e1, e2, ...}, test] yields True if test[ei] is False for all of the ei. NoneTrue[expr, test, level] tests parts of expr at level level. NoneTrue[test] represents an operator form of NoneTrue that can be applied to an expression.
- [NonlinearModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonlinearModelFit.en.md): NonlinearModelFit[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, form, {\\[Beta]1, ...}, x] constructs a nonlinear model with formula form that fits the yi for each xi using the free parameters \\[Beta] i. NonlinearModelFit[data, form, params, {x1, ...}] constructs a nonlinear model where form depends on the variables xk. NonlinearModelFit[data, {form, cons}, params, {x1, ...}] constructs a nonlinear model subject to the parameter constraints cons.
- [NonlinearStateSpaceModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonlinearStateSpaceModel.en.md): NonlinearStateSpaceModel[{f, g}, x, u] represents the model x' (t) == f(x(t), u(t)), y(t) == g (x(t), u(t)). NonlinearStateSpaceModel[sys] gives a state-space representation corresponding to the systems model sys. NonlinearStateSpaceModel[eqns, {{x1, x10}, ...}, {{u1, u10}, ...}, {g 1, ...}, t] gives the state-space model of the differential equations eqns with dependent variables xi, input variables ui, operating values x i0 and u i0, outputs gi, and independent variable t.
- [NonlocalMeansFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonlocalMeansFilter.en.md): NonlocalMeansFilter[image, r] applies a nonlocal means filter to image by comparing a range r neighborhood to its nearby neighborhoods. NonlocalMeansFilter[image, r, ns] assumes an additive noise power value ns for comparing neighborhoods. NonlocalMeansFilter[image, r, ns, w] compares neighborhoods in a range w window.
- [NonNegative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonNegative.en.md): NonNegative[x] gives True if x is a non-negative number.
- [NonNegativeIntegers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonNegativeIntegers.en.md): NonNegativeIntegers represents the domain of non-negative integers, as in x \\[Element] NonNegativeIntegers.
- [NonNegativeRationals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonNegativeRationals.en.md): NonNegativeRationals represents the domain of non-negative rational numbers, as in x \\[Element] NonNegativeRationals.
- [NonNegativeReals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonNegativeReals.en.md): NonNegativeReals represents the domain of non-negative real numbers.
- [NonPositive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonPositive.en.md): NonPositive[x] gives True if x is a non-positive number.
- [NonPositiveIntegers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonPositiveIntegers.en.md): NonPositiveIntegers represents the domain of non-positive integers, as in x \\[Element] NonPositiveIntegers.
- [NonPositiveRationals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonPositiveRationals.en.md): NonPositiveRationals represents the domain of non-positive rational numbers, as in x \\[Element] NonPositiveRationals.
- [NonPositiveReals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonPositiveReals.en.md): NonPositiveReals represents the domain of non-positive real numbers.
- [NonThreadable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonThreadable.en.md): NonThreadable is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that f and f[arg1, arg2, ...] should not combine with other list arguments in arithmetic and many other functions that work with lists.
- [Nor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Nor.en.md): Nor[e1, e2, ...] is the logical NOR function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving False immediately if any of them are True, and True if they are all False.
- [NorlundB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NorlundB.en.md): NorlundB[n, a] gives Nørlund polynomials n of degree n in a. NorlundB[n, a, x] gives generalized Bernoulli polynomials NorlundB[n, a, x].
- [NormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NormalDistribution.en.md): NormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a normal (Gaussian) distribution with mean \\[Mu] and standard deviation \\[Sigma]. NormalDistribution[] represents a normal distribution with zero mean and unit standard deviation.
- [Normal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Normal.en.md): Normal[expr] converts expr to a normal expression from a variety of special forms. Normal[expr, h] converts objects with head h in expr to normal expressions. Normal[expr, {h1, h2, ...}] converts objects with head hi to normal expressions.
- [NormalizationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NormalizationLayer.en.md): NormalizationLayer[] represents a trainable net layer that normalizes its input data across the second and subsequent dimensions and applies an independent scaling and bias to each component of the first dimension. NormalizationLayer[aggregationlevels] normalizes data across the specified aggregation levels and applies a learned scaling and bias on the remaining levels. NormalizationLayer[aggregationlevels, scalinglevels] applies a learned scaling and bias at the specified scaling levels.
- [Normalized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Normalized.en.md): Normalized is an option that determines whether to test if matrix columns or rows are normalized.
- [NormalizedSquaredEuclideanDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NormalizedSquaredEuclideanDistance.en.md): NormalizedSquaredEuclideanDistance[u, v] gives the normalized squared Euclidean distance between vectors u and v.
- [Normalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Normalize.en.md): Normalize[v] gives the normalized form of a vector v. Normalize[z] gives the normalized form of a complex number z. Normalize[expr, f] normalizes with respect to the norm function f.
- [NormalMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NormalMatrixQ.en.md): NormalMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is an explicitly normal matrix, and False otherwise.
- [NormalsFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NormalsFunction.en.md): NormalsFunction is an option for Plot3D and related functions that specifies a function to apply to determine the effective surface normals at every point.
- [Norm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Norm.en.md): Norm[expr] gives the norm of a number, vector, or matrix. Norm[expr, p] gives the p-norm.
- [NormFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NormFunction.en.md): NormFunction is an option for functions such as FindFit and NDSolve which gives a function to be minimized in generating results.
- [NotCongruent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotCongruent.en.md): NotCongruent[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotCongruent] y \\[NotCongruent] ....
- [NotCupCap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotCupCap.en.md): NotCupCap[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotCupCap] y \\[NotCupCap] ....
- [NotDoubleVerticalBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotDoubleVerticalBar.en.md): NotDoubleVerticalBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotDoubleVerticalBar] y \\[NotDoubleVerticalBar] ....
- [NotebookApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookApply.en.md): NotebookApply[notebook, data] writes data into a notebook at the current selection, replacing the first selection placeholder in data by the current selection, and then setting the current selection to be just after the data written. NotebookApply[cell, data] writes data into a notebook in place of the specified cell. NotebookApply[notebook, data, sel] writes data into a notebook and then sets the current selection to be as specified by sel.
- [NotebookAutoSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookAutoSave.en.md): NotebookAutoSave is a notebook option that specifies whether the notebook should automatically be saved after each piece of output generated by evaluation in it.
- [NotebookBrowseDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookBrowseDirectory.en.md): NotebookBrowseDirectory is a global option that determines the current working directory.
- [NotebookCellData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookCellData.en.md): NotebookCellData[] returns data about the cells in the currently selected notebook. NotebookCellData[nbobj] returns data about the cells in the given NotebookObject. NotebookCellData[{cellobj1, cellobj2, ...}] returns data about each given CellObject. NotebookCellData[objs, elems] includes the given elements of data. NotebookCellData[objs, elems, fmt] returns data in the indicated format.
- [NotebookClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookClose.en.md): NotebookClose[notebook] closes the notebook corresponding to the specified notebook object. NotebookClose[] closes the current evaluation notebook.
- [NotebookConvertSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookConvertSettings.en.md): NotebookConvertSettings is a global option that specifies settings for converting imported legacy notebooks.
- [NotebookCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookCreate.en.md): As of Version 6.0, NotebookCreate has been superseded by CreateDocument, CreatePalette, and related functions.
- [NotebookDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookDelete.en.md): NotebookDelete[notebook] deletes the current selection in the notebook corresponding to the specified notebook object. NotebookDelete[obj] deletes the given cell or box object. NotebookDelete[{obj1, obj2, ...}] deletes all specified objects. NotebookDelete[] deletes the current selection in the current evaluation notebook.
- [NotebookDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookDirectory.en.md): NotebookDirectory[] gives the directory of the current evaluation notebook. NotebookDirectory[nb] gives the directory for the notebook specified by nb.
- [NotebookDynamicExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookDynamicExpression.en.md): NotebookDynamicExpression is an option for notebooks that specifies an expression to be dynamically updated whenever that notebook is visible.
- [Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Notebook.en.md): Notebook[{cell1, cell2, ...}] is the low-level construct that represents a notebook manipulated by the Wolfram System front end.
- [NotebookEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookEvaluate.en.md): NotebookEvaluate[notebook] evaluates all the evaluatable cells in notebook.
- [NotebookEventActions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookEventActions.en.md): NotebookEventActions is a notebook option that gives a list of actions to perform when specified events occur in connection with the notebook.
- [NotebookFileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookFileName.en.md): NotebookFileName[] gives the file name of the current evaluation notebook. NotebookFileName[nb] gives the file name for the notebook specified by nb.
- [NotebookFind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookFind.en.md): NotebookFind[obj, data] sets the current selection in the specified notebook object to be the next occurrence of data. NotebookFind[obj, data, Previous] sets the current selection to be the previous occurrence. NotebookFind[obj, data, All] sets the current selection to be all occurrences. NotebookFind[obj, data, dir, elems] sets the current selection to be the occurrence in the direction dir and searches the elements of cells specified by elems.
- [NotebookGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookGet.en.md): NotebookGet[obj] gets the raw expression corresponding to the notebook represented by the notebook object obj. NotebookGet[] gets the raw expression corresponding to the currently selected notebook.
- [NotebookImport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookImport.en.md): NotebookImport[notebook, style] imports cells with the given cell style from the specified notebook. NotebookImport[notebook, style -> form] imports cells in the form specified by form.
- [NotebookInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookInformation.en.md): NotebookInformation[] gives a list of properties of the current evaluation notebook. NotebookInformation[notebook] gives a list of properties for the specified notebook.
- [NotebookLocate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookLocate.en.md): NotebookLocate[tag] locates all cells with the specified tag in your current input notebook, selecting the cells and scrolling to the position of the first one. NotebookLocate[{ file,  tag}] if necessary opens the notebook stored in file, then locates cells with the specified tag. NotebookLocate[{ file.wl, line}] if necessary opens the package file  file.wl, then navigates to the line number line.
- [NotebookObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookObject.en.md): NotebookObject[id] is an object that represents an open notebook in the front end.
- [NotebookOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookOpen.en.md): NotebookOpen[name] opens an existing notebook with the specified name, returning the corresponding notebook object. NotebookOpen[name, options] opens a notebook and overrides the notebook's options with the specified options. NotebookOpen[https:// url, ...] opens a notebook from any accessible URL.
- [NotebookPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookPath.en.md): NotebookPath is a global option that determines which directories are searched when a specified notebook is needed.
- [NotebookPrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookPrint.en.md): NotebookPrint[expr] sends a notebook containing expr to your default printer. NotebookPrint[notebook] sends the specified notebook to your default printer. NotebookPrint[notebook,  file. ext] saves a print-ready form of the notebook to a file in the format indicated by the file extension ext. NotebookPrint[] sends the current evaluation notebook to your default printer.
- [NotebookPut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookPut.en.md): NotebookPut[expr] creates a notebook corresponding to expr and makes it the currently selected notebook in the front end. NotebookPut[] creates a new empty notebook. NotebookPut[expr, obj] replaces the notebook represented by the notebook object obj with one corresponding to expr.
- [NotebookRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookRead.en.md): NotebookRead[notebook] gives the expression corresponding to the current selection in the specified notebook object. NotebookRead[obj] gives the expression corresponding to the given cell or box object. NotebookRead[{obj1, obj2, ...}] gives a list of expressions corresponding to the obji.
- [NotebookSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookSave.en.md): NotebookSave[notebook] saves the current version of the specified notebook. NotebookSave[notebook,  file] saves the notebook in the specified file. NotebookSave[] saves the current version of the current evaluation notebook in a file.
- [NotebookSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookSelection.en.md): NotebookSelection[] represents the current selection in the current evaluation notebook in the front end. NotebookSelection[nb] represents the current selection associated with the open notebook nb.
- [Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Notebooks.en.md): Notebooks[] gives a list of notebooks currently open in the front end.
- [NotebooksMenu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebooksMenu.en.md): NotebooksMenu is a global option that specifies which recently opened notebooks are listed under the File menu.
- [NotebookTemplate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookTemplate.en.md): NotebookTemplate[nb] yields a TemplateObject that represents a notebook template to be applied using functions like GenerateDocument and FileTemplateApply.
- [NotebookTheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookTheme.en.md): NotebookTheme is an option for notebooks that specifies the color theme to use for displaying notebooks.
- [NotebookWrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookWrite.en.md): NotebookWrite[notebook, data] writes data into a notebook at the current selection, setting the current selection to be just after the data written. NotebookWrite[obj, data] replaces the given cell or box object instead of the current selection. NotebookWrite[obj, data, sel] writes data into a notebook, setting the current selection to be as specified by sel. NotebookWrite[NotebookLocationSpecifier[obj, location], data, sel] writes data into the specified location relative to obj.
- [NotElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotElement.en.md): NotElement[x, dom] or x \\[NotElement] dom asserts that x is not an element of the domain dom. NotElement[x1 | ... | xn, dom] asserts that none of the xi are elements of dom. NotElement[patt, dom] asserts that any expression matching the pattern patt is not an element of the domain dom.
- [Not](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Not.en.md): ! expr is the logical NOT function. It gives False if expr is True, and True if it is False.
- [NotEqualTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotEqualTilde.en.md): NotEqualTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotEqualTilde] y \\[NotEqualTilde] ....
- [NotExists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotExists.en.md): NotExists[x, y] displays as \\[NotExists] x y.
- [NotGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreater.en.md): NotGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreater] y \\[NotGreater] ....
- [NotGreaterEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreaterEqual.en.md): NotGreaterEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreaterEqual] y \\[NotGreaterEqual] ....
- [NotGreaterFullEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreaterFullEqual.en.md): NotGreaterFullEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreaterFullEqual] y \\[NotGreaterFullEqual] ....
- [NotGreaterGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreaterGreater.en.md): NotGreaterGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreaterGreater] y \\[NotGreaterGreater] ....
- [NotGreaterLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreaterLess.en.md): NotGreaterLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreaterLess] y \\[NotGreaterLess] ....
- [NotGreaterSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreaterSlantEqual.en.md): NotGreaterSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreaterSlantEqual] y \\[NotGreaterSlantEqual] ....
- [NotGreaterTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotGreaterTilde.en.md): NotGreaterTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotGreaterTilde] y \\[NotGreaterTilde] ....
- [Nothing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Nothing.en.md): Nothing represents an element of a list that will automatically be removed. Nothing[...] gives Nothing.
- [NotHumpDownHump](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotHumpDownHump.en.md): NotHumpDownHump[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotHumpDownHump] y \\[NotHumpDownHump] ....
- [NotHumpEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotHumpEqual.en.md): NotHumpEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotHumpEqual] y \\[NotHumpEqual] ....
- [NotificationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotificationFunction.en.md): NotificationFunction is an option that specifies how notifications should be sent from background tasks.
- [NotLeftTriangleBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLeftTriangleBar.en.md): NotLeftTriangleBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLeftTriangleBar] y \\[NotLeftTriangleBar] ....
- [NotLeftTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLeftTriangle.en.md): NotLeftTriangle[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLeftTriangle] y \\[NotLeftTriangle] ....
- [NotLeftTriangleEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLeftTriangleEqual.en.md): NotLeftTriangleEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLeftTriangleEqual] y \\[NotLeftTriangleEqual] ....
- [NotLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLess.en.md): NotLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLess] y \\[NotLess] ....
- [NotLessEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLessEqual.en.md): NotLessEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLessEqual] y \\[NotLessEqual] ....
- [NotLessFullEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLessFullEqual.en.md): NotLessFullEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLessFullEqual] y \\[NotLessFullEqual] ....
- [NotLessGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLessGreater.en.md): NotLessGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLessGreater] y \\[NotLessGreater] ....
- [NotLessLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLessLess.en.md): NotLessLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLessLess] y \\[NotLessLess] ....
- [NotLessSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLessSlantEqual.en.md): NotLessSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLessSlantEqual] y \\[NotLessSlantEqual] ....
- [NotLessTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotLessTilde.en.md): NotLessTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotLessTilde] y \\[NotLessTilde] ....
- [NotNestedGreaterGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotNestedGreaterGreater.en.md): NotNestedGreaterGreater[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotNestedGreaterGreater] y \\[NotNestedGreaterGreater] ....
- [NotNestedLessLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotNestedLessLess.en.md): NotNestedLessLess[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotNestedLessLess] y \\[NotNestedLessLess] ....
- [NotPrecedes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotPrecedes.en.md): NotPrecedes[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotPrecedes] y \\[NotPrecedes] ....
- [NotPrecedesEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotPrecedesEqual.en.md): NotPrecedesEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotPrecedesEqual] y \\[NotPrecedesEqual] ....
- [NotPrecedesSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotPrecedesSlantEqual.en.md): NotPrecedesSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotPrecedesSlantEqual] y \\[NotPrecedesSlantEqual] ....
- [NotPrecedesTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotPrecedesTilde.en.md): NotPrecedesTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotPrecedesTilde] y \\[NotPrecedesTilde] ....
- [NotReverseElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotReverseElement.en.md): NotReverseElement[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotReverseElement] y \\[NotReverseElement] ....
- [NotRightTriangleBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotRightTriangleBar.en.md): NotRightTriangleBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotRightTriangleBar] y \\[NotRightTriangleBar] ....
- [NotRightTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotRightTriangle.en.md): NotRightTriangle[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotRightTriangle] y \\[NotRightTriangle] ....
- [NotRightTriangleEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotRightTriangleEqual.en.md): NotRightTriangleEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotRightTriangleEqual] y \\[NotRightTriangleEqual] ....
- [NotSquareSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSquareSubset.en.md): NotSquareSubset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSquareSubset] y \\[NotSquareSubset] ....
- [NotSquareSubsetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSquareSubsetEqual.en.md): NotSquareSubsetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSquareSubsetEqual] y \\[NotSquareSubsetEqual] ....
- [NotSquareSuperset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSquareSuperset.en.md): NotSquareSuperset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSquareSuperset] y \\[NotSquareSuperset] ....
- [NotSquareSupersetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSquareSupersetEqual.en.md): NotSquareSupersetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSquareSupersetEqual] y \\[NotSquareSupersetEqual] ....
- [NotSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSubset.en.md): NotSubset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSubset] y \\[NotSubset] ....
- [NotSubsetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSubsetEqual.en.md): NotSubsetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSubsetEqual] y \\[NotSubsetEqual] ....
- [NotSucceeds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSucceeds.en.md): NotSucceeds[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSucceeds] y \\[NotSucceeds] ....
- [NotSucceedsEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSucceedsEqual.en.md): NotSucceedsEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSucceedsEqual] y \\[NotSucceedsEqual] ....
- [NotSucceedsSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSucceedsSlantEqual.en.md): NotSucceedsSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSucceedsSlantEqual] y \\[NotSucceedsSlantEqual] ....
- [NotSucceedsTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSucceedsTilde.en.md): NotSucceedsTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSucceedsTilde] y \\[NotSucceedsTilde] ....
- [NotSuperset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSuperset.en.md): NotSuperset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSuperset] y \\[NotSuperset] ....
- [NotSupersetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotSupersetEqual.en.md): NotSupersetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotSupersetEqual] y \\[NotSupersetEqual] ....
- [NotTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotTilde.en.md): NotTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotTilde] y \\[NotTilde] ....
- [NotTildeEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotTildeEqual.en.md): NotTildeEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotTildeEqual] y \\[NotTildeEqual] ....
- [NotTildeFullEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotTildeFullEqual.en.md): NotTildeFullEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotTildeFullEqual] y \\[NotTildeFullEqual] ....
- [NotTildeTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotTildeTilde.en.md): NotTildeTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotTildeTilde] y \\[NotTildeTilde] ....
- [NotVerticalBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotVerticalBar.en.md): NotVerticalBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[NotVerticalBar] y \\[NotVerticalBar] ....
- [Now](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Now.en.md): Now gives a DateObject representing the current moment in time.
- [NoWhitespace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NoWhitespace.en.md): NoWhitespace represents the absence of whitespace between elements in a grammar rules pattern.
- [NProbability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NProbability.en.md): NProbability[pred, x \\[Distributed] dist] gives the numerical probability for an event that satisfies the predicate pred under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution dist. NProbability[pred, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist] gives the numerical probability that an event satisfies pred under the assumption that {x1, x2, ...} follows the multivariate distribution dist. NProbability[pred, {x1 \\[Distributed] dist1, x2 \\[Distributed] dist2, ...}] gives the numerical ...
- [NProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NProduct.en.md): NProduct[f, {i, imin, imax}] gives a numerical approximation to the product \\[Product]i = imin imax f. NProduct[f, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses a step di in the product.
- [NRoots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NRoots.en.md): NRoots[lhs == rhs, var] yields a disjunction of equations which represent numerical approximations to the roots of a polynomial equation.
- [NSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NSolve.en.md): NSolve[expr, vars] attempts to find numerical approximations to the solutions of the system expr of equations or inequalities for the variables vars. NSolve[expr, vars, Reals] finds solutions over the domain of real numbers.
- [NSolveValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NSolveValues.en.md): NSolveValues[expr, vars] attempts to find numerical approximations to the values of vars determined by the solutions of the system expr. NSolveValues[expr, vars, Reals] finds solutions over the domain of real numbers.
- [NSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NSum.en.md): NSum[f, {i, imin, imax}] gives a numerical approximation to the sum \\[Sum]i = imin imax f. NSum[f, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses a step di in the sum.
- [NSurfaceIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NSurfaceIntegrate.en.md): NSurfaceIntegrate[f, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] surface] computes the numerical scalar surface integral of the function f[x, y, ...] over the surface. NSurfaceIntegrate[{p, q, ...}, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] surface] computes the numerical vector surface integral of the vector field {p[x, y, ...], q[x, y, ...], ...}.
- [NuclearExplosionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NuclearExplosionData.en.md): NuclearExplosionData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the nuclear explosion entity. NuclearExplosionData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified nuclear explosion entities. NuclearExplosionData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [NuclearReactorData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NuclearReactorData.en.md): NuclearReactorData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the nuclear reactor entity. NuclearReactorData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified nuclear reactor entities. NuclearReactorData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Null](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Null.en.md): Null is a symbol used to indicate the absence of an expression or a result. When it appears as a complete output expression, no output is printed.
- [NullRawPointerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NullRawPointerQ.en.md): NullRawPointerQ[ptr] gives True if ptr is a null pointer, and False otherwise.
- [NullRecords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NullRecords.en.md): NullRecords is an option for Read and related functions which specifies whether null records should be taken to exist between repeated record separators.
- [NullSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NullSpace.en.md): NullSpace[m] gives a list of vectors that forms a basis for the null space of the matrix m.
- [NullWords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NullWords.en.md): NullWords is an option for Read and related functions which specifies whether null words should be taken to exist between repeated word separators.
- [NumberCompose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberCompose.en.md): NumberCompose[{c1, ..., cn}, {u1, ..., un}] returns the quantity c1 u1 + ... + cn un.
- [NumberDecompose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberDecompose.en.md): NumberDecompose[x, {u1, ..., un}] returns a list of coefficients {c1, ..., cn} of a decomposition of the number x in the basis {u1, ..., un}.
- [NumberDigit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberDigit.en.md): NumberDigit[x, n] returns the digit corresponding to 10^n in the real-valued number x. NumberDigit[x, n, b] returns the digit corresponding to b^n.
- [Number](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Number.en.md): Number represents an exact integer or an approximate real number in Read.
- [NumberExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberExpand.en.md): NumberExpand[x] gives a list of the decimal digits of x multiplied by their corresponding powers of 10. NumberExpand[x, b] expands x in base b. NumberExpand[x, b, len] gives a list of length len.
- [NumberFieldClassNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldClassNumber.en.md): NumberFieldClassNumber[\\[Theta]] gives the class number for the algebraic number field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][\\[Theta]] generated by \\[Theta].
- [NumberFieldDiscriminant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldDiscriminant.en.md): NumberFieldDiscriminant[a] gives the discriminant of the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFieldFundamentalUnits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldFundamentalUnits.en.md): NumberFieldFundamentalUnits[a] gives a list of fundamental units for the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFieldIntegralBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldIntegralBasis.en.md): NumberFieldIntegralBasis[a] gives an integral basis for the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFieldNormRepresentatives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldNormRepresentatives.en.md): NumberFieldNormRepresentatives[a, m] gives a list of representatives of classes of algebraic integers of norm \\[PlusMinus]m in the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFieldRegulator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldRegulator.en.md): NumberFieldRegulator[a] gives the regulator of the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFieldRootsOfUnity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldRootsOfUnity.en.md): NumberFieldRootsOfUnity[a] gives the roots of unity for the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFieldSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFieldSignature.en.md): NumberFieldSignature[a] gives the signature of the field \\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ][a] generated by the algebraic number a.
- [NumberFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberFormat.en.md): NumberFormat is an option for NumberForm and related functions that specifies how the mantissa, base, and exponent should be assembled into a final print form.
- [NumberForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberForm.en.md): NumberForm[expr, n] prints with approximate real numbers in expr given to n-digit precision. NumberForm[expr, {n, f}] prints with approximate real numbers having n digits, with f digits to the right of the decimal point. NumberForm[expr] prints using the default options of NumberForm.
- [NumberLinePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberLinePlot.en.md): NumberLinePlot[{v1, v2, ...}] plots the values vi on a number line. NumberLinePlot[pred, x] plots a number line illustrating the region pred. NumberLinePlot[pred, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots the number to extend over the interval from xmin to xmax. NumberLinePlot[{spec1, spec2, ...}, ...] plots several number lines.
- [NumberMarks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberMarks.en.md): NumberMarks is an option for InputForm and related functions that specifies whether ` marks should be included in the printed forms of approximate numbers.
- [NumberMultiplier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberMultiplier.en.md): NumberMultiplier is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives the string to use as a multiplication sign in scientific notation.
- [NumberPadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberPadding.en.md): NumberPadding is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives strings to use as padding on the left- and right-hand sides of numbers.
- [NumberPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberPoint.en.md): NumberPoint is an option for NumberForm and related functions that gives the string to use as a decimal point.
- [NumberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberQ.en.md): NumberQ[expr] gives True if expr is a number, and False otherwise.
- [NumberSeparator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberSeparator.en.md): NumberSeparator is an option for NumberForm and related functions that gives the string to insert at breaks between digits.
- [NumberSigns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberSigns.en.md): NumberSigns is an option for NumberForm and related functions which gives strings to use as signs for negative and positive numbers.
- [NumberString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumberString.en.md): NumberString represents the characters of a number in StringExpression.
- [NumeratorDenominator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumeratorDenominator.en.md): NumeratorDenominator[expr] gives the list {Numerator[expr], Denominator[expr]} of expr.
- [Numerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Numerator.en.md): Numerator[expr] gives the numerator of expr.
- [NumericalOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericalOrder.en.md): NumericalOrder[e1, e2] gives 1 if e1 < e2, -1 if e1 > e2, 0 if e1 and e2 are numerically the same, and orders by type or using canonical order if e1 and e2 are not numerically comparable.
- [NumericalSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericalSort.en.md): NumericalSort[list] sorts the elements of list into numerical order.
- [NumericArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericArray.en.md): NumericArray[array, type] creates a numeric array of the specified type. NumericArray[array, type, method] uses method to convert numbers into type.
- [NumericArrayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericArrayQ.en.md): NumericArrayQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid NumericArray object, and False otherwise. NumericArrayQ[expr, tpatt] requires additionally that NumericArrayType[expr] match the pattern tpatt. NumericArrayQ[expr, tpatt, dpatt] requires additionally that ArrayDepth[expr] match the pattern dpatt.
- [NumericArrayType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericArrayType.en.md): NumericArrayType[array] gives the underlying type of values used for each element in the NumericArray object.
- [NumericFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericFunction.en.md): NumericFunction is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that f[arg1, arg2, ...] should be considered a numeric quantity whenever all the argi are numeric quantities.
- [NumericQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NumericQ.en.md): NumericQ[expr] gives True if expr is a numeric quantity, and False otherwise.
- [NuttallWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NuttallWindow.en.md): NuttallWindow[x] represents a Nuttall window function of x.
- [NyquistGridLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NyquistGridLines.en.md): NyquistGridLines is an option to NyquistPlot that specifies contours of constant magnitude and phase of a closed-loop system.
- [NyquistPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NyquistPlot.en.md): NyquistPlot[lsys] generates a Nyquist plot of the transfer function for the system lsys. NyquistPlot[lsys, {\\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots for the frequency range \\[Omega]min to \\[Omega]max. NyquistPlot[expr, {\\[Omega], \\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots expr using the variable \\[Omega].
- [ObjectTrackingData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ObjectTrackingData.en.md): ObjectTrackingData[...] is an object representing a list of tracked bounding boxes or other objects.
- [ObservabilityGramian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ObservabilityGramian.en.md): ObservabilityGramian[ssm] gives the observability Gramian of the state-space model ssm.
- [ObservabilityMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ObservabilityMatrix.en.md): ObservabilityMatrix[ssm] gives the observability matrix of the state-space model ssm.
- [ObservableDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ObservableDecomposition.en.md): ObservableDecomposition[sys] yields the observable subsystem of the system sys. ObservableDecomposition[sys, {z1, ...}] specifies the new coordinates zi.
- [ObservableModelQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ObservableModelQ.en.md): ObservableModelQ[sys] gives True if the system sys is observable, and False otherwise. ObservableModelQ[{sys, sub}] gives True if the subsystem sub is observable.
- [OceanData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OceanData.en.md): OceanData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the ocean entity. OceanData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified ocean entities. OceanData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Octahedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Octahedron.en.md): Octahedron[] represents a regular octahedron centered at the origin with unit edge length. Octahedron[l] represents an octahedron with edge length l. Octahedron[{\\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] represents an octahedron rotated by an angle \\[Theta] with respect to the z axis and angle \\[Phi] with respect to the y axis. Octahedron[{x, y, z}, ...] represents an octahedron centered at {x, y, z}.
- [OddQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OddQ.en.md): OddQ[expr] gives True if expr is an odd integer, and False otherwise.
- [O](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/O.en.md): O[x]^n represents a term of order x^n. O[x]^n is generated to represent omitted higher-order terms in power series. O[x, x0]^n represents a term of order (x - x0) n.
- [Off](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Off.en.md): Off[symbol::tag] switches off a message, so that it is no longer printed. Off[name] switches off a named group of messages. Off[s] switches off tracing messages associated with the symbol s. Off[m1, m2, ...] switches off several messages or message groups.
- [Offset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Offset.en.md): Offset[{dx, dy}, position] gives the position of a graphical object obtained by starting at the specified position and then moving by absolute offset {dx, dy}.
- [ONanGroupON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ONanGroupON.en.md): ONanGroupON[] represents the sporadic simple O'Nan group O' N.
- [Once](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Once.en.md): Once[expr] evaluates expr once in each Wolfram Language session, always returning the result from the first evaluation. Once[expr, loc] evaluates expr once and caches the result in persistence location loc.
- [OneIdentity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OneIdentity.en.md): OneIdentity is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that f[x], f[f[x]], etc. are all equivalent to x for the purpose of pattern matching.
- [On](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/On.en.md): On[symbol::tag] switches on a message, so that it can be printed. On[name] switches on a named group of messages. On[s] switches on tracing for the symbol s. On[m1, m2, ...] switches on several messages or message groups.
- [Opacity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Opacity.en.md): Opacity[a] is a graphics directive that specifies that graphical objects that follow are to be displayed, if possible, with opacity a. Opacity[a, color] uses the specified color with opacity a.
- [OpacityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpacityFunction.en.md): OpacityFunction is an option for graphics functions that specifies a function to apply to determine opacity of elements.
- [OpacityFunctionScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpacityFunctionScaling.en.md): OpacityFunctionScaling is an option to visualization functions such as DensityPlot3D that specifies whether arguments supplied to OpacityFunction should be scaled to lie between 0 and 1.
- [OpaqueRawPointer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpaqueRawPointer.en.md): OpaqueRawPointer[addr] represents an untyped pointer to the memory address addr.
- [OpenAppend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpenAppend.en.md): OpenAppend[file] opens a file to append output to it, and returns an OutputStream object.
- [Opener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Opener.en.md): Opener[x] represents an opener with setting x, displayed as ... when x is True and ... when x is False. Opener[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being toggled if the opener is clicked.
- [OpenerView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpenerView.en.md): OpenerView[{expr1, expr2}] represents an object which displays as an opener, together with expr1 if the opener is closed, and both expr1 and expr2 if it is open. OpenerView[{expr1, expr2}, state] specifies the state of the opener, with False being closed, and True being open.
- [Opening](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Opening.en.md): Opening[image, ker] gives the morphological opening of image with respect to the structuring element ker. Opening[image, r] gives the opening with respect to a range-r square. Opening[data, ...] applies opening to an array of data.
- [OpenRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpenRead.en.md): OpenRead[file] opens a file to read data from, and returns an InputStream object.
- [OpenTemporary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpenTemporary.en.md): As of Version 6.0, OpenTemporary has been superseded by functionality in OpenWrite.
- [OpenWrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OpenWrite.en.md): OpenWrite[file] opens a file to write output to it, and returns an OutputStream object. OpenWrite[] opens a new file in the default area for temporary files on your computer system.
- [Operate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Operate.en.md): Operate[p, f[x, y, ...]] gives p[f][x, y, ...]. Operate[p, expr, n] applies p at level n in the head of expr.
- [OperatingSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OperatingSystem.en.md): OperatingSystem is an option for file and related operations that specifies the type of operating system to use to determine file name and other conventions.
- [OperationDeclaration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OperationDeclaration.en.md): OperationDeclaration[type, op, typedfun] declares a typed function to be used for the operation op of type.
- [OperatorApplied](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OperatorApplied.en.md): OperatorApplied[f, n] represents an operator form of the function f of n arguments so that OperatorApplied[f, n][x1] ...[xn] is equivalent to f[x1, ..., xn]. OperatorApplied[f] represents an operator form of the function f of two arguments so that OperatorApplied[f][y][x] is equivalent to f[x, y]. OperatorApplied[f, {i1, ..., in}] represents an operator form of the function f of n arguments so that OperatorApplied[f, {i1, ..., in}][x1] ...[xn] is equivalent to f[x Subscript[i, 1], ..., x ...
- [OptimumFlowData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OptimumFlowData.en.md): OptimumFlowData[...] represents flow data such as generated by FindMaximumFlow, FindMinimumCostFlow, etc.
- [OptionalElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OptionalElement.en.md): OptionalElement[patt] is a grammar rules pattern object that represents 0 or 1 instances of patt. OptionalElement[patt, default] uses default if the element is not present.
- [Optional](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Optional.en.md): patt : def or Optional[patt, def] is a pattern object that represents an expression of the form patt, which, if omitted, should be replaced by the default value def.
- [OptionInspectorSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OptionInspectorSettings.en.md): OptionInspectorSettings is a global option that specifies the display of options in the Option Inspector.
- [Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Options.en.md): Options[symbol] or Options[symbol] gives the list of default options assigned to a symbol. Options[expr] gives the options explicitly specified in a particular expression such as a graphics object. Options[stream] gives options associated with a particular stream. Options[object] gives options associated with an external object such as an NotebookObject or CloudObject. Options[obj, name] gives the setting for the option name. Options[obj, {name1, name2, ...}] gives a list of the settings for ...
- [OptionsPattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OptionsPattern.en.md): OptionsPattern[] is a pattern object that represents a collection of options given as rules, where the values of the options can be accessed using OptionValue. OptionsPattern[f] takes default option values from Options[f]. OptionsPattern[{opt1 -> val1, opt2 -> val2, ...}] uses an explicit list of default option values.
- [OptionValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OptionValue.en.md): OptionValue[name] gives the value of name in options matched by OptionsPattern. OptionValue[f, name] gives the value of name for options associated with the head f. OptionValue[f, opts, name] extracts option values from the explicit list of rules opts. OptionValue[..., {name1, name2, ...}] extracts several option values.
- [Orange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Orange.en.md): Orange represents the color orange in graphics or style specifications.
- [OrbitalElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrbitalElements.en.md): OrbitalElements[body] returns an association of current orbital elements for the given celestial body in the solar system. OrbitalElements[body, oelems] specifies the orbital elements oelems to compute. OrbitalElements[body, oelems, date] computes orbital elements for date. OrbitalElements[ielems, oelems, date] computes the orbital elements oelems for date from an association ielems of orbital elements.
- [OrderDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrderDistribution.en.md): OrderDistribution[{dist, n}, k] represents the k^th-order statistics distribution for n observations from the distribution dist. OrderDistribution[{dist, n}, {k1, k2, ...}] represents the joint (k1, k2, ...)^th-order statistics distribution from n observations from the distribution dist. OrderDistribution[{dist1, ..., distn}, ...] represents the order statistics distribution for independent distributions disti. OrderDistribution[mdist, ...] represents the order statistics distribution for ...
- [OrderedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrderedQ.en.md): OrderedQ[h[e1, e2, ...]] gives True if the ei are in canonical order, and False otherwise. OrderedQ[h[e1, e2, ...], p] uses the ordering function p to determine whether each pair of elements ei, e i + 1 is in order.
- [OrderedSchurDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrderedSchurDecomposition.en.md): OrderedSchurDecomposition[m] yields the ordered Schur decomposition for a numerical matrix m, given as a list {q, t} where q is an orthonormal matrix and t is a block upper triangular matrix. OrderedSchurDecomposition[m, ord] uses ord to order the main diagonal elements in the upper triangular matrix t. OrderedSchurDecomposition[{m, a}] gives the generalized Schur decomposition of m with respect to a, given as a list {q, s, p, t}. OrderedSchurDecomposition[{m, a}, ord] uses ord to order the ...
- [Order](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Order.en.md): Order[expr1, expr2] gives 1 if expr1 is before expr2 in canonical order, and -1 if expr1 is after expr2 in canonical order. It gives 0 if expr1 is identical to expr2.
- [OrderingBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrderingBy.en.md): OrderingBy[list, f] gives the positions in list at which each successive element of SortBy[list, f] appears. OrderingBy[list, f, n] gives the positions in list at which the first n elements of SortBy[list, f] appear. OrderingBy[list, f, -n] gives the positions of the last n elements of SortBy[list, f]. OrderingBy[list, f, n, p] gives positions in list of elements of SortBy[list, f, p]. OrderingBy[f] represents an operator form of OrderingBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [Ordering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ordering.en.md): Ordering[list] gives the positions in list at which each successive element of Sort[list] appears. Ordering[list, n] gives the positions in list at which the first n elements of Sort[list] appear. Ordering[list, -n] gives the positions of the last n elements of Sort[list]. Ordering[list, n, p] gives positions in list of elements of Sort[list, p].
- [OrderingLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrderingLayer.en.md): OrderingLayer[] represents a net layer that effectively applies Ordering to its input. OrderingLayer[n] gives the first n elements in the ordering of its input. OrderingLayer[-n] gives the last n elements in the ordering of its input.
- [Orderless](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Orderless.en.md): Orderless is an attribute that can be assigned to a symbol f to indicate that the elements ei in expressions of the form f[e1, e2, ...] should automatically be sorted into canonical order. This property is accounted for in pattern matching.
- [OrderlessPatternSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrderlessPatternSequence.en.md): OrderlessPatternSequence[p1, p2, ...] is a pattern object that represents a sequence of arguments matching p1, p2, ... in any order.
- [Ordinal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ordinal.en.md): Ordinal[{cat1, cat2, ..., catn}] represents the ordered set of categories cati. Ordinal[{cat1, cat2, ..., catn}, ci] represents the category ci of the given categories. Ordinal[scale] represents a set of categories with metainformation given by scale.
- [OrdinalScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrdinalScale.en.md): OrdinalScale[{cat1, cat2, ..., catn}] represents a set of ordered categories cati with order cat1 < cat2 < ... < catn. OrdinalScale[{cat1, ..., catn}, {val1, ..., valn}] associates the category cati with the numeric value vali. OrdinalScale[<|cat1 -> val1, ..., catn -> valn|>] also associates the category cati with the numeric value vali. OrdinalScale[{cat 1, ..., cat n}, vals, {lab1, ..., labn}] displays the category cati as the corresponding labi when used as a label in ...
- [Or](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Or.en.md): e1 || e2 || ... is the logical OR function. It evaluates its arguments in order, giving True immediately if any of them are True, and False if they are all False.
- [OrnsteinUhlenbeckProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrnsteinUhlenbeckProcess.en.md): OrnsteinUhlenbeckProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Theta]] represents a stationary Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with long-term mean \\[Mu], volatility \\[Sigma], and mean reversion speed \\[Theta]. OrnsteinUhlenbeckProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Theta], x0] represents an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with initial condition x0.
- [Orthogonalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Orthogonalize.en.md): Orthogonalize[{v1, v2, ...}] gives an orthonormal basis found by orthogonalizing the vectors vi. Orthogonalize[{e1, e2, ...}, f] gives an orthonormal basis found by orthogonalizing the elements ei with respect to the inner product function f.
- [OrthogonalMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrthogonalMatrix.en.md): OrthogonalMatrix[omat] converts the orthogonal matrix omat to a structured array.
- [OrthogonalMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OrthogonalMatrixQ.en.md): OrthogonalMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is an explicitly orthogonal matrix, and False otherwise.
- [Out](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Out.en.md): % n or Out[n] is a global object that is assigned to be the value produced on the n^th output line. % gives the last result generated. %% gives the result before last. %% ... % (k times) gives the k^th previous result.
- [Outer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Outer.en.md): Outer[f, list1, list2, ...] gives the generalized outer product of the listi, forming all possible combinations of the lowest-level elements in each of them, and feeding them as arguments to f. Outer[f, list1, list2, ..., n] treats as separate elements only sublists at level n in the listi. Outer[f, list1, list2, ..., n1, n2, ...] treats as separate elements only sublists at level ni in the corresponding listi.
- [OuterPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OuterPolygon.en.md): OuterPolygon[poly] gives the outer polygon of the polygon poly.
- [OuterPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OuterPolyhedron.en.md): OuterPolyhedron[poly] gives the outer polyhedron of the polyhedron poly.
- [OutputAutoOverwrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputAutoOverwrite.en.md): OutputAutoOverwrite is an option for notebooks that specifies whether the output of a command should replace any existing output from a previous evaluation.
- [OutputControllabilityMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputControllabilityMatrix.en.md): OutputControllabilityMatrix[ssm] gives the output controllability matrix of the state-space model ssm.
- [OutputControllableModelQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputControllableModelQ.en.md): OutputControllableModelQ[ssm] gives True if the state-space model ssm is output controllable, and False otherwise.
- [OutputForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputForm.en.md): OutputForm[expr] prints as a two-dimensional representation of expr using only keyboard characters.
- [OutputNamePacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputNamePacket.en.md): OutputNamePacket[string] is a WSTP packet that contains in string the name assigned to the next output.
- [OutputPorts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputPorts.en.md): OutputPorts is an option to specify the number, names or shapes of output ports for some neural net layers.
- [OutputResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputResponse.en.md): OutputResponse[sys, u[t], {t, tmin, tmax}] gives the numeric output response of systems model sys to the input u[t] for tmin <= t <= tmax. OutputResponse[sys, {u[0], u[1], ...}] gives the output response of the discrete-time system sys to the input sequence u[i]. OutputResponse[sys, u[t], t] gives the symbolic output response of system sys to the input u[t] as a function of time t. OutputResponse[sys, {u1[t], ..., um[t]}, ...] gives the output response for multiple inputs ui[t].
- [OutputSizeLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputSizeLimit.en.md): OutputSizeLimit is an option for notebooks that specifies the maximum size in bytes of expressions that will automatically be output in their entirety.
- [OutputStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OutputStream.en.md): OutputStream[name, n] is an object that represents an output stream for functions such as Write.
- [OverBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverBar.en.md): OverBar[expr] displays with a bar over expr.
- [OverDot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverDot.en.md): OverDot[expr] displays with a dot over expr. OverDot[expr, n] prints with n dots.
- [Overflow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Overflow.en.md): Overflow[] represents a number too large to represent explicitly on your computer system.
- [OverHat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverHat.en.md): OverHat[expr] displays with a hat over expr.
- [Overlaps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Overlaps.en.md): Overlaps is an option to string and sequence functions that specifies how to treat overlapping substrings.
- [Overlay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Overlay.en.md): Overlay[{expr1, expr2, ...}] displays as an overlay of all the expri. Overlay[{expr1, expr2, ...}, {i, j, ...}] displays as an overlay of expri, exprj, .... Overlay[{expr1, expr2, ...}, {i, j, ...}, s] allows selections to be made and controls to be clicked in exprs.
- [OverlayVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverlayVideo.en.md): OverlayVideo[background, o] gives the result of overlaying o onto a background video or image background. OverlayVideo[background, {o1, o2, ...}] gives the result of overlaying o1, o2, .... OverlayVideo[background, {interval1 -> o1, ...}] overlays each oi during the time interval intervali.
- [OverscriptBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverscriptBox.en.md): OverscriptBox[x, y] is the low-level box representation for OverscriptBox[x, y] in notebook expressions.
- [OverscriptBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverscriptBoxOptions.en.md): OverscriptBoxOptions is an option that specifies the style and display of OverscriptBox constructs.
- [Overscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Overscript.en.md): Overscript[x, y] is an object that formats as OverscriptBox[x, y].
- [OverTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverTilde.en.md): OverTilde[expr] displays with a tilde over expr.
- [OverVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverVector.en.md): OverVector[expr] displays with a right vector over expr.
- [OverwriteTarget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OverwriteTarget.en.md): OverwriteTarget is an option for functions like CopyFile that specifies whether to overwrite if target files already exist.
- [OwenT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OwenT.en.md): OwenT[x, a] gives Owen's T function x.
- [OwnValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/OwnValues.en.md): OwnValues[x] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all ownvalues defined for the symbol x. OwnValues[symbol] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all ownvalues defined for the symbol named  symbol if it exists.
- [PackageExported](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PackageExported.en.md): PackageExported[symbol] makes symbol an exported symbol from the current package. PackageExported[{sym1, sym2, ...}] exports multiple symbols.
- [PackageImport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PackageImport.en.md): PackageImport[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\]] loads an appropriate file if the specified context is not already in $Packages. PackageImport[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\] -> StyleBox[\alias`\, \TI\]] loads the specified context and establishes alias as a context alias for that context. PackageImport[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\], symbol] loads the specified context but makes only the given symbol visible in the current package file. PackageImport[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\], {sym1, sym2, ...}] loads ...
- [PackageInitialize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PackageInitialize.en.md): PackageInitialize[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\]] creates the given package context and loads the surrounding files into it. PackageInitialize[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\], dir] creates the given package context and loads the files in dir into it. PackageInitialize[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\], file] reloads a single file from a previously loaded package. PackageInitialize[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\], None] creates the given package context by using only the file currently being read. ...
- [PackageScoped](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PackageScoped.en.md): PackageScoped[symbol] makes symbol visible in all files of the current package, but not visible to users of the package. PackageScoped[{sym1, sym2, ...}] makes multiple symbols visible in all files of the current package.
- [PackingMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PackingMethod.en.md): As of Version 12.0, PackingMethod has been superseded by GraphLayout.
- [PacletDataRebuild](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletDataRebuild.en.md): PacletDataRebuild[] rescans all the installed paclets to rebuild the internal cache of paclet data.
- [PacletDirectoryLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletDirectoryLoad.en.md): PacletDirectoryLoad[dir] makes paclets in dir visible in the current session. PacletDirectoryLoad[{dir1, dir2, ...}] makes paclets in all the diri visible in the current session.
- [PacletDirectoryUnload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletDirectoryUnload.en.md): PacletDirectoryUnload[dir] makes paclets in dir no longer visible in the current session. PacletDirectoryUnload[{dir1, dir2, ...}] makes paclets in all the diri no longer visible in the current session.
- [PacletDisable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletDisable.en.md): PacletDisable[paclet] disables an installed paclet.
- [PacletEnable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletEnable.en.md): PacletEnable[paclet] enables a previously disabled paclet.
- [PacletFind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletFind.en.md): PacletFind[name] gives a list of installed paclets that match  name. PacletFind[name ->  version] gives a list of installed paclets that match  name and  version. PacletFind[name, <|prop1 -> val1, prop2 -> val2, ...|>] gives a list of installed paclets that match  name and criteria given by the propi -> vali.
- [PacletFindRemote](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletFindRemote.en.md): PacletFindRemote[name] gives a list of paclets that match  name available on known paclet sites. PacletFindRemote[name ->  version] gives a list of paclets that match  name and  version available on known paclet sites. PacletFindRemote[name, <|prop1 -> val1, prop2 -> val2, ...|>] gives a list of paclets that match  name and criteria given by the propi -> vali available on known paclet sites.
- [PacletInstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletInstall.en.md): PacletInstall[paclet] installs or updates paclet. PacletInstall[task] waits for completion of the task started by a call to PacletInstallSubmit.
- [PacletInstallSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletInstallSubmit.en.md): PacletInstallSubmit[paclet] asynchronously installs or updates paclet.
- [PacletNewerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletNewerQ.en.md): PacletNewerQ[paclet1, paclet2] returns True if paclet 1 has a higher version number than paclet2, and False otherwise.
- [PacletObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletObject.en.md): PacletObject[assoc] represents a paclet on the local machine or on a remote paclet site. PacletObject[name] represents an installed paclet with the given name. PacletObject[name ->  version] represents an installed paclet with the given name and version. PacletObject[File[...]] represents a paclet in a given directory or paclet archive file.
- [PacletSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSite.en.md): PacletSite is an option for PacletInstall and PacletInstallSubmit that specifies the URL of a paclet site on which to look for the paclet.
- [PacletSiteObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSiteObject.en.md): PacletSiteObject[assoc] represents a site from which paclets can be automatically downloaded.
- [PacletSiteRegister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSiteRegister.en.md): PacletSiteRegister[url] registers url as a known paclet site. PacletSiteRegister[url, name] registers url as a known paclet site with name. PacletSiteRegister[PacletSiteObject[...]] registers the given PacletSiteObject as a known paclet site.
- [PacletSites](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSites.en.md): PacletSites[] gives the list of all paclet sites known to your system.
- [PacletSiteUnregister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSiteUnregister.en.md): PacletSiteUnregister[url] removes url from the list of registered paclet sites. PacletSiteUnregister[name] removes the site named name from the list of registered paclet sites. PacletSiteUnregister[PacletSiteObject[...]] removes the given PacletSiteObject from the list of registered paclet sites.
- [PacletSiteUpdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSiteUpdate.en.md): PacletSiteUpdate[site] acquires and caches current information about the available paclets on the given paclet site.
- [PacletSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletSymbol.en.md): PacletSymbol[paclet,  sym] gives the symbol named  sym in the primary context of paclet. PacletSymbol[paclet,  sym, h] wraps the head h around the symbol before returning it.
- [PacletUninstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PacletUninstall.en.md): PacletUninstall[paclet] uninstalls a paclet.
- [PaddedForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PaddedForm.en.md): PaddedForm[expr, n] prints with all numbers in expr padded to leave room for a total of n digits. PaddedForm[expr, {n, f}] prints with approximate real numbers having exactly f digits to the right of the decimal point.
- [Padding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Padding.en.md): Padding is an option to various array and image operations that specifies what padding to use when extending beyond the original data specified.
- [PaddingLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PaddingLayer.en.md): PaddingLayer[{{m1, n1}, {m2, n2}, ...}] represents a net layer that pads an input array with mi elements at the beginning and ni elements at the end at level i of the array.
- [PaddingSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PaddingSize.en.md): PaddingSize is an option in AudioDelay and other functions that specifies the amount of padding.
- [PadeApproximant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PadeApproximant.en.md): PadeApproximant[expr, {x, x0, {m, n}}] gives the Padé approximant to expr about the point x = x0, with numerator order m and denominator order n. PadeApproximant[expr, {x, x0, n}] gives the diagonal Padé approximant to expr about the point x = x0 of order n.
- [PadLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PadLeft.en.md): PadLeft[list, n] makes a list of length n by padding list with zeros on the left. PadLeft[list, n, x] pads by repeating the element x. PadLeft[list, n, {x1, x2, ...}] pads by cyclically repeating the elements xi. PadLeft[list, n, padding, m] leaves a margin of m elements of padding on the right. PadLeft[list, {n1, n2, ...}] makes a nested list with length ni at level i. PadLeft[list] pads a ragged array list with zeros to make it full.
- [PadRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PadRight.en.md): PadRight[list, n] makes a list of length n by padding list with zeros on the right. PadRight[list, n, x] pads by repeating the element x. PadRight[list, n, {x1, x2, ...}] pads by cyclically repeating the elements xi. PadRight[list, n, padding, m] leaves a margin of m elements of padding on the left. PadRight[list, {n1, n2, ...}] makes a nested list with length ni at level i. PadRight[list] pads a ragged array list with zeros to make it full.
- [PageBreakAbove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageBreakAbove.en.md): PageBreakAbove is an option for Cell which specifies whether a page break should be made immediately above the cell if the notebook that contains the cell is printed.
- [PageBreakBelow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageBreakBelow.en.md): PageBreakBelow is an option for Cell which specifies whether a page break should be made immediately below the cell if the notebook that contains the cell is printed.
- [PageBreakWithin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageBreakWithin.en.md): PageBreakWithin is an option for Cell which specifies whether a page break should be allowed within the cell if the notebook that contains the cell is printed.
- [PageFooterLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageFooterLines.en.md): PageFooterLines is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a horizontal line is inserted at the bottom of each page when the notebook is printed.
- [PageFooters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageFooters.en.md): PageFooters is an option for notebooks that specifies what should be inserted as the footer of each page of a notebook when it is printed.
- [PageHeaderLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageHeaderLines.en.md): PageHeaderLines is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a horizontal line is inserted at the top of each page when the notebook is printed.
- [PageHeaders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageHeaders.en.md): PageHeaders is an option for notebooks that specifies what should be inserted as the header of each page of a notebook when it is printed.
- [PageRankCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageRankCentrality.en.md): PageRankCentrality[g, \\[Alpha]] gives a list of page-rank centralities for the vertices in the graph g and weight \\[Alpha]. PageRankCentrality[g, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] gives a list of page-rank centralities, using weight \\[Alpha] and initial centralities \\[Beta]. PageRankCentrality[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [PageTheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageTheme.en.md): PageTheme is an option for FormObject, GalleryView, and related functions that specifies an overall theme for a webpage and its elements.
- [PageWidth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PageWidth.en.md): PageWidth is an option for output streams and for cells that specifies how wide each line of text is allowed to be.
- [Pagination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pagination.en.md): Pagination is an option for GalleryView and related functions that specifies how pagination should be done in displayed output.
- [PairCorrelationG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairCorrelationG.en.md): PairCorrelationG[pdata, r] estimates the pair correlation function g(r) for point data pdata at radius r. PairCorrelationG[pproc, r] computes g(r) for the point process pproc. PairCorrelationG[bdata, r] computes g(r) for binned data bdata. PairCorrelationG[pspec] generates the function g that can be applied repeatedly to different radii r.
- [PairedBarChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairedBarChart.en.md): PairedBarChart[{y1, y2, ...}, {z1, z2, ...}] makes a paired bar chart with bar lengths y1, y2, ... and z1, z2, ..., respectively. PairedBarChart[{..., wi[yi, ...], ...}, {..., wj[zj, ...], ...}] makes a paired bar chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. PairedBarChart[{data11, ...}, {data21, ...}] makes a paired bar chart from multiple datasets Subscript[data, 1] i and Subscript[data, 2] j.
- [PairedHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairedHistogram.en.md): PairedHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}] plots a paired histogram of the values xi and yi. PairedHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}, bspec] plots a paired histogram with bin width specification bspec. PairedHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}, bspec, hspec] plots a paired histogram with bin heights computed according to the specification hspec. PairedHistogram[{data11, ...}, {data21, ...}, \\ ...] plots paired histograms for multiple datasets data 1 i and data 2 j.
- [PairedSmoothHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairedSmoothHistogram.en.md): PairedSmoothHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}] plots a paired smooth histogram of the values xi and yi. PairedSmoothHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}, espec] plots a paired smooth histogram with estimator specification espec. PairedSmoothHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, {y1, y2, ...}, espec, dfun] plots a paired smooth histogram with distribution function dfun. PairedSmoothHistogram[{data11, ...}, {data21, ...}, \\ ...] plots paired smooth histograms for multiple datasets data 1 i and data 2 ...
- [PairedTTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairedTTest.en.md): PairedTTest[data] tests whether the mean of data is zero. PairedTTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the mean of data1- data2 is zero. PairedTTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0] tests a location measure against \\[Mu]0. PairedTTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [PairedZTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairedZTest.en.md): PairedZTest[data] tests whether the mean of the data is zero. PairedZTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the means of data1 and data2 are equal. PairedZTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]] tests for zero or equal means assuming a population variance \\[Sigma]. PairedZTest[dspec, \\[Sigma], \\[Mu]0] tests the mean against \\[Mu]0. PairedZTest[dspec, \\[Sigma], \\[Mu]0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [PairwiseDensityHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairwiseDensityHistogram.en.md): PairwiseDensityHistogram[{{y11, ..., y 1 n}, ..., {y m 1, ..., ymn}}] creates an array of density histograms by plotting the data columns against each other in pairs. PairwiseDensityHistogram[data, bpsec] plots density histograms with bins specified by bspec.
- [PairwiseListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairwiseListPlot.en.md): PairwiseListPlot[{{y11, ..., y 1 n}, ..., {y m 1, ..., ymn}}] creates an array of scatter plots by plotting the data columns against each other in pairs. PairwiseListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots multiple sets of data in each plot panel.
- [PairwiseProbabilityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairwiseProbabilityPlot.en.md): PairwiseProbabilityPlot[{{y11, ..., y 1 n}, ..., {y m 1, ..., ymn}}] plots a CDF of columns in the data against each other.
- [PairwiseQuantilePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairwiseQuantilePlot.en.md): PairwiseQuantilePlot[{{y11, ..., y 1 n}, ..., {y m 1, ..., ymn}}] creates an array of quantile plots by plotting the quantiles of the columns against each other.
- [PairwiseSmoothDensityHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PairwiseSmoothDensityHistogram.en.md): PairwiseSmoothDensityHistogram[{{y11, ..., y 1 n}, ..., {y m 1, ..., ymn}}] creates an array of smooth density histograms by plotting the data columns against each other in pairs.
- [PaletteNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PaletteNotebook.en.md): PaletteNotebook[{cell1, cell2, ...}] represents a palette notebook that can be manipulated by the Wolfram System front end.
- [PalettePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PalettePath.en.md): PalettePath is a global option that specifies which directories the Wolfram System searches for palettes on startup.
- [PalindromeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PalindromeQ.en.md): PalindromeQ[list] returns True if the given list is identical to Reverse[list], and False otherwise. PalindromeQ[n] returns True if the integer n is identical to IntegerReverse[n], and False otherwise. PalindromeQ[string] returns True if the given string is identical to StringReverse[string], and False otherwise.
- [Pane](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pane.en.md): Pane[expr] displays as a pane containing expr. Pane[expr, w] makes the pane be w printer's points wide, linewrapping the contents if necessary. Pane[expr, {w, h}] makes the pane be w points wide and h points high, shrinking the contents if necessary.
- [Paneled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Paneled.en.md): Paneled is an option for Manipulate and related functions that specifies whether to give the output inside a panel.
- [Panel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Panel.en.md): Panel[expr] displays as a panel containing expr. Panel[expr, title] gives the panel the specified title. Panel[expr, title, pos] places title at a position specified by pos. Panel[expr, {title1, title2, ...}, {pos1, ...}] places titlei at position posi. Panel[] displays an empty panel.
- [PaneSelector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PaneSelector.en.md): PaneSelector[{val1 -> expr1, val2 -> expr2, ...}, x] represents an object that displays as a pane containing the expri for which vali is equal to x. PaneSelector[{val1 -> expr1, val2 -> expr2, ...}, Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x PaneSelector[{val1 -> expr1, ...}, x, default] displays default if x is none of the vali.
- [ParabolicCylinderD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParabolicCylinderD.en.md): ParabolicCylinderD[\\[Nu], z] gives the parabolic cylinder function \\[Nu].
- [ParagraphIndent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParagraphIndent.en.md): ParagraphIndent is an option for Cell which specifies how far in printer's points to indent the first line of each paragraph of text.
- [ParagraphSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParagraphSpacing.en.md): ParagraphSpacing is an option for Cell, StyleBox, and Style that specifies how much extra space to leave between successive paragraphs of text.
- [ParallelArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelArray.en.md): ParallelArray[f, n] generates in parallel a list of length n, with elements f[i], evaluated. ParallelArray[f, {n1, n2, ...}] generates in parallel an n1*n2*... array of nested lists, with elements f[i1, i2, ...]. ParallelArray[f, {n1, n2, ...}, {r1, r2, ...}] generates in parallel a list using the index origins ri (default 1). ParallelArray[f, dims, origin, h] uses head h, rather than List, for each level of the array.
- [ParallelAxisPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelAxisPlot.en.md): ParallelAxisPlot[{{y11, ..., y 1 n}, ..., {y m 1, ..., ymn}}] generates a parallel axis plot for the points {y i 1, ..., yin} using equally spaced axes. ParallelAxisPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots several sets of points.
- [ParallelCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelCases.en.md): ParallelCases[{e1, e2, ...}, pattern] gives a list of the ei that match the pattern, in parallel. ParallelCases[expr, pattern, levelspec] gives a list of all parts of expr on levels specified by levelspec that match the pattern.
- [ParallelCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelCombine.en.md): ParallelCombine[f, h[e1, e2, ...], comb] evaluates f[h[e1, e2, ...]] in parallel by distributing parts of the computation to all parallel kernels and combining the partial results with comb. ParallelCombine[f, h[e1, e2, ...]] is equivalent to ParallelCombine[f, h[e1, e2, ...], h] if h has attribute Flat, and ParallelCombine[f, h[e1, e2, ...], Join] otherwise.
- [ParallelDo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelDo.en.md): ParallelDo[expr, {imax}] evaluates expr in parallel imax times. ParallelDo[expr, {i, imax}] evaluates expr in parallel with the variable i successively taking on the values 1 through imax (in steps of 1). ParallelDo[expr, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. ParallelDo[expr, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. ParallelDo[expr, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses the successive values i1, i2, .... ParallelDo[expr, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] evaluates expr looping in parallel over different ...
- [Parallelepiped](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelepiped.en.md): Parallelepiped[p, {v1, ..., vk}] represents a parallelepiped with origin p and directions vi.
- [ParallelEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelEvaluate.en.md): ParallelEvaluate[expr] evaluates the expression expr on all available parallel kernels and returns the list of results obtained. ParallelEvaluate[expr, kernel] evaluates expr on the parallel kernel specified. ParallelEvaluate[expr, {ker1, ker2, ...}] evaluates expr on the parallel kernels keri. ParallelEvaluate[expr, kernels, h] wraps the head h around the results before returning them.
- [Parallelization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelization.en.md): Parallelization is an option for Compile that specifies whether it should create a compiled function that could run in parallel.
- [Parallelize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelize.en.md): Parallelize[expr] evaluates expr using automatic parallelization.
- [ParallelKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelKernels.en.md): ParallelKernels[] gives the list of running kernels available for parallel computing. ParallelKernels[prop] gives those running kernels that satisfy the given property.
- [ParallelMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelMap.en.md): ParallelMap[f, expr] applies f in parallel to each element on the first level in expr. ParallelMap[f, expr, levelspec] applies f in parallel to parts of expr specified by levelspec.
- [ParallelNeeds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelNeeds.en.md): ParallelNeeds[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\]] evaluates Needs[StyleBox[\context`\, \TI\]] on all available parallel kernels.
- [Parallelogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelogram.en.md): Parallelogram[p, {v1, v2}] represents a parallelogram with origin p and directions v1 and v2.
- [ParallelProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelProduct.en.md): ParallelProduct[expr, {i, imax}] evaluates the product \\[Product]i = 1 imax expr in parallel. ParallelProduct[expr, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. ParallelProduct[expr, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. ParallelProduct[expr, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses successive values i1, i2, .... ParallelProduct[expr, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] evaluates the multiple product \\[Product]i = imin imax \\[Product]j = jmin jmax ... expr in parallel.
- [ParallelSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSelect.en.md): ParallelSelect[data, crit] picks out all elements ei of data for which crit[ei] is True, in parallel.
- [ParallelSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSubmit.en.md): ParallelSubmit[expr] submits expr for evaluation on the next available parallel kernel and returns an EvaluationObject expression representing the submitted evaluation. ParallelSubmit[{var1, var2, ...}, expr] builds a closure for the variables given before submitting expr.
- [ParallelSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSum.en.md): ParallelSum[expr, {i, imax}] evaluates in parallel the sum \\[Sum]i = 1 imax expr. ParallelSum[expr, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = i min. ParallelSum[expr, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. ParallelSum[expr, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses successive values i1, i2, .... ParallelSum[expr, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] evaluates in parallel the multiple sum \\[Sum]i = imin imax \\[Sum]j = jmin jmax ... expr.
- [ParallelTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTable.en.md): ParallelTable[expr, {imax}] generates in parallel a list of imax copies of expr. ParallelTable[expr, {i, imax}] generates in parallel a list of the values of expr when i runs from 1 to imax. ParallelTable[expr, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. ParallelTable[expr, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. ParallelTable[expr, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses the successive values i1, i2, .... ParallelTable[expr, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] gives a nested list. The list associated with i is ...
- [ParallelTry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTry.en.md): ParallelTry[f, {arg1, arg2, ...}] evaluates f[argi] in parallel, returning the first result received. ParallelTry[f, {arg1, arg2, ...}, k] returns a list of the first k results.
- [ParameterEstimator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterEstimator.en.md): ParameterEstimator is an option to EstimatedDistribution and FindDistributionParameters that specifies what parameter estimator to use.
- [ParameterMixtureDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParameterMixtureDistribution.en.md): ParameterMixtureDistribution[dist[\\[Theta]], \\[Theta] \\[Distributed] wdist] represents a parameter mixture distribution where the parameter \\[Theta] is distributed according to the weight distribution wdist. ParameterMixtureDistribution[dist[\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2, ...], {\\[Theta]1 \\[Distributed] wdist1, \\[Theta]2 \\[Distributed] wdist2, ...}] represents a parameter mixture distribution where the parameter \\[Theta]1 has weight distribution wdist1, \\[Theta]2 has weight distribution ...
- [ParametricConvexOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricConvexOptimization.en.md): ParametricConvexOptimization[f, cons, vars, pars] gives a ParametricFunction object that finds values of variables vars that minimize the convex objective function f subject to convex constraints cons with parameters pars. ParametricConvexOptimization[...,  prop] specifies what solution property  prop should be returned by the ParametricFunction object.
- [ParametricFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricFunction.en.md): ParametricFunction[pars, ...] represents a function that computes a solution when evaluated with numerical values for the parameters pars.
- [ParametricNDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricNDSolve.en.md): ParametricNDSolve[eqns, u, {x, xmin, xmax}, pars] finds a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equations eqns for the function u with the independent variable x in the range xmin to xmax with parameters pars. ParametricNDSolve[eqns, u, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, pars] solves the partial differential equations eqns over a rectangular region. ParametricNDSolve[eqns, u, {x, y} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], pars] solves the partial differential equations eqns over the region ...
- [ParametricNDSolveValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricNDSolveValue.en.md): ParametricNDSolveValue[eqns, expr, {x, xmin, xmax}, pars] gives the value of expr with functions determined by a numerical solution to the ordinary differential equations eqns with the independent variable x in the range xmin to xmax with parameters pars. ParametricNDSolveValue[eqns, expr, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, pars] solves the partial differential equations eqns over a rectangular region. ParametricNDSolveValue[eqns, expr, {x, y} \\[Element] \\[CapitalOmega], pars] solves the ...
- [ParametricPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricPlot3D.en.md): ParametricPlot3D[{fx, fy, fz}, {u, umin, umax}] produces a three-dimensional space curve parametrized by a variable u which runs from umin to umax. ParametricPlot3D[{fx, fy, fz}, {u, umin, umax}, {v, vmin, vmax}] produces a three-dimensional surface parametrized by u and v. ParametricPlot3D[{{fx, fy, fz}, {gx, gy, gz}, ...}, ...] plots several objects together. ParametricPlot3D[..., {u, v} \\[Element] reg] takes parameters {u, v} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [ParametricPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricPlot.en.md): ParametricPlot[{fx, fy}, {u, umin, umax}] generates a parametric plot of a curve with x and y coordinates fx and fy as a function of u. ParametricPlot[{{fx, fy}, {gx, gy}, ...}, {u, umin, umax}] plots several parametric curves. ParametricPlot[{fx, fy}, {u, umin, umax}, {v, vmin, vmax}] plots a parametric region. ParametricPlot[{{fx, fy}, {gx, gy}, ...}, {u, umin, umax}, {v, vmin, vmax}] plots several parametric regions. ParametricPlot[{..., w[{fx, fy}], ...}, ...] plots the curve {fx, fy} with ...
- [ParametricRampLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricRampLayer.en.md): ParametricRampLayer[] represents a net layer that computes a leaky ReLU activation with a slope that can be learned. ParametricRampLayer[levels] specifies the levels on which each dimension has a specific slope.
- [ParametricRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParametricRegion.en.md): ParametricRegion[{f1, ..., fn}, {u1, ..., um}] represents a region in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n given by the points {f1, ..., fn} for parameters ui \\[Element] \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]. ParametricRegion[{f1, ..., fn}, {{u1, a1, b1}, ...}] constrains parameters to an interval a1 <= u1 <= b1 etc. ParametricRegion[{{f1, ..., fn}, cond}, ...] constrains parameters to satisfy the condition cond.
- [ParentBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentBox.en.md): ParentBox[obj] returns the BoxObject that contains obj.
- [ParentCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentCell.en.md): ParentCell[obj] returns the CellObject that contains obj.
- [ParentDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentDirectory.en.md): ParentDirectory[] gives the parent of the current working directory. ParentDirectory[dir] gives the parent of the directory dir. ParentDirectory[dir, n] gives the directory n levels up from dir.
- [ParentEdgeLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentEdgeLabel.en.md): ParentEdgeLabel is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what labels should be used for edges.
- [ParentEdgeLabelFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentEdgeLabelFunction.en.md): ParentEdgeLabelFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies functions to use to generate edge labels.
- [ParentEdgeLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentEdgeLabelStyle.en.md): ParentEdgeLabelStyle is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what styles should be used for edge labels.
- [ParentEdgeShapeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentEdgeShapeFunction.en.md): ParentEdgeShapeFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies a function to use to generate primitives for rendering edges.
- [ParentEdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentEdgeStyle.en.md): ParentEdgeStyle is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what styles should be used for edges.
- [ParentEdgeStyleFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentEdgeStyleFunction.en.md): ParentEdgeStyleFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies functions to use to generate edge styles.
- [ParentNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParentNotebook.en.md): ParentNotebook[obj] returns the NotebookObject that contains obj.
- [ParetoDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParetoDistribution.en.md): ParetoDistribution[k, \\[Alpha]] represents a Pareto distribution with minimum value parameter k and shape parameter \\[Alpha]. ParetoDistribution[k, \\[Alpha], \\[Mu]] represents a Pareto type II distribution with location parameter \\[Mu]. ParetoDistribution[k, \\[Alpha], \\[Gamma], \\[Mu]] represents a Pareto type IV distribution with shape parameter \\[Gamma].
- [ParetoPickandsDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParetoPickandsDistribution.en.md): ParetoPickandsDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Xi]] gives a Pareto-Pickands distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], scale parameter \\[Sigma] and shape parameter \\[Xi]. ParetoPickandsDistribution[\\[Xi]] gives the standard Pareto-Pickands distribution with zero location and unit scale parameters.
- [ParkData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParkData.en.md): ParkData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the park entity. ParkData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified park entities. ParkData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [PartBehavior](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartBehavior.en.md): PartBehavior is an option to Query and related functions that specifies how nonexistent parts should be resolved.
- [Part](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Part.en.md): expr[[i]] or Part[expr, i] gives the i^th part of expr. expr[[-i]] counts from the end. expr[[i, j, ...]] or Part[expr, i, j, ...] is equivalent to expr[[i]][[j]] .... expr[[{i1, i2, ...}]] gives a list of the parts i1, i2, ... of expr. expr[[m ;; n]] gives parts m through n. expr[[m ;; n ;; s]] gives parts m through n in steps of s. expr[[key]] gives the value associated with the key key in an association expr. expr[[Key[k]]] gives the value associated with an arbitrary key k in the ...
- [PartialCorrelationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartialCorrelationFunction.en.md): PartialCorrelationFunction[data, hspec] estimates the partial correlation function at lags hspec from data. PartialCorrelationFunction[tproc, hspec] represents the partial correlation function at lags hspec for the time series process tproc.
- [PartialFractionElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartialFractionElements.en.md): PartialFractionElements[expr, x] gives the data elements related to a partial fraction decomposition of the rational function expr in x. PartialFractionElements[expr, x, prop] gives the data elements for property prop.
- [PartialFractions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartialFractions.en.md): PartialFractions[expr, x] computes the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression expr in x.
- [ParticleAcceleratorData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParticleAcceleratorData.en.md): ParticleAcceleratorData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the particle accelerator entity. ParticleAcceleratorData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified particle accelerator entities. ParticleAcceleratorData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [ParticleData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParticleData.en.md): ParticleData[name,  property] gives the specified property for a subatomic particle or family of particles with the specified name. ParticleData[{name, q},  property] gives the specified property for a version of the particle with charge q.
- [Partition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Partition.en.md): Partition[list, n] partitions list into nonoverlapping sublists of length n. Partition[list, n, d] generates sublists with offset d. Partition[list, {n1, n2, ...}] partitions a nested list into blocks of size n1*n2*.... Partition[list, {n1, n2, ...}, {d1, d2, ...}] uses offset di at level i in list. Partition[list, n, d, {kL, kR}] specifies that the first element of list should appear at position kL in the first sublist, and the last element of list should appear at or after position kR in the ...
- [PartitionGranularity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartitionGranularity.en.md): PartitionGranularity is an option for audio analysis functions that specifies the partitioning of the audio.
- [PartitionsP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartitionsP.en.md): PartitionsP[n] gives the number p (n) of unrestricted partitions of the integer n.
- [PartitionsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartitionsQ.en.md): PartitionsQ[n] gives the number q (n) of partitions of the integer n into distinct parts.
- [PartLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartLayer.en.md): PartLayer[i] represents a net layer that gives the i^th part of the input. PartLayer[i ;; j] gives parts i through j. PartLayer[i ;; j ;; k] gives parts i through j in steps of k. PartLayer[{spec1, spec2, ...}] takes part speci at level i in the input.
- [PartOfSpeech](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartOfSpeech.en.md): PartOfSpeech[word] returns the possible parts of speech for the specified word.
- [PartProtection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PartProtection.en.md): PartProtection is an option for cloud expressions that controls which parts of their structure can be changed.
- [ParzenWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParzenWindow.en.md): ParzenWindow[x] represents a Parzen window function of x.
- [PascalBinomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PascalBinomial.en.md): PascalBinomial[n, m] gives the binomial coefficient n that preserves Pascal's identity.
- [PascalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PascalDistribution.en.md): PascalDistribution[n, p] represents a Pascal distribution with parameters n and p.
- [PassEventsDown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PassEventsDown.en.md): PassEventsDown is an option to EventHandler which specifies whether events handled by a particular event handler should be passed down to event handlers nested inside.
- [PassEventsUp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PassEventsUp.en.md): PassEventsUp is an option to EventHandler that specifies whether events handled by a particular event handler should be passed up to event handlers in outer expressions.
- [PasteBoxFormInlineCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PasteBoxFormInlineCells.en.md): PasteBoxFormInlineCells is an option for cells that specifies whether a new inline cell is created when a typeset expression is pasted into a non-box-type cell.
- [PasteButton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PasteButton.en.md): PasteButton[expr] represents a button that pastes expr whenever it is pressed. PasteButton[label, expr] displays with label on the button.
- [Paste](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Paste.en.md): Paste[expr] pastes expr at the current insertion point in the input notebook. Paste[notebook, expr] pastes expr to the specified notebook. Paste[] pastes the contents of the system clipboard in the input notebook. Paste[notebook, Automatic] pastes the contents of the system clipboard to notebook.
- [Path](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Path.en.md): Path is an option for Get and related functions which gives a list of directories to search in attempting to find an external file.
- [PathGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PathGraph.en.md): PathGraph[{v1, v2, ...}] yields a path with vertices vi and edges between vi and v i +\\[ThinSpace]1 . PathGraph[{e1, e2, ...}] yields a path with edges ej. PathGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...}] yields a path with vertices vi and edges ej. PathGraph[{..., wi[vi, ...], ...}, {..., wj[ej, ...], ...}] yields a path with vertex and edge properties defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. PathGraph[{vi -> vj, ...}] uses rules vi -> vj to specify a path.
- [PathGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PathGraphQ.en.md): PathGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a path and False otherwise.
- [Pattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pattern.en.md): sym : obj or Pattern[sym, obj] represents the pattern object obj, assigned the name sym.
- [PatternFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PatternFilling.en.md): PatternFilling[obj] is a two-dimensional graphics directive specifying that obj should be used to fill faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects. PatternFilling[name] uses the specified pattern  name. PatternFilling[obj, size] specifies the size of the object obj. PatternFilling[obj, size, {dx, dy}] moves the object obj by the offset {dx, dy}.
- [PatternReaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PatternReaction.en.md): PatternReaction[reactants -> products] represents a templated reaction between molecule patterns in reactants and products. PatternReaction[reactants -> products, mapping] represents a reaction with a specified mapping between atoms in reactants and products. PatternReaction[smarts] represents a reaction defined by the given reaction SMARTS string.
- [PatternReactionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PatternReactionQ.en.md): PatternReactionQ[rxn] returns True if rxn is a valid PatternReaction object and False otherwise.
- [PatternSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PatternSequence.en.md): PatternSequence[p1, p2, ...] is a pattern object that represents a sequence of arguments matching p1, p2, ....
- [PatternTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PatternTest.en.md): p?test is a pattern object that stands for any expression that matches p, and on which the application of test gives True.
- [PauliMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PauliMatrix.en.md): PauliMatrix[k] gives the k^th Pauli spin matrix \\[Sigma]k.
- [PaulWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PaulWavelet.en.md): PaulWavelet[] represents a Paul wavelet of order 4. PaulWavelet[n] represents a Paul wavelet of order n.
- [Pause](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pause.en.md): Pause[n] pauses for at least n seconds.
- [PDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PDF.en.md): PDF[dist, x] gives the probability density function for the distribution dist evaluated at x. PDF[dist, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the multivariate probability density function for a distribution dist evaluated at {x1, x2, ...}. PDF[dist] gives the PDF as a pure function.
- [PeakDetect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeakDetect.en.md): PeakDetect[list] gives a binary list in which 1s correspond to peak positions in list. PeakDetect[list, \\[Sigma]] detects peaks that survive Gaussian blurring up to scale \\[Sigma]. PeakDetect[list, \\[Sigma], s] detects peaks with minimum sharpness s. PeakDetect[list, \\[Sigma], s, t] detects only peaks with values greater than t. PeakDetect[list, \\[Sigma], {s, \\[Sigma]s}, {t, \\[Sigma]t}] uses different scales for thresholding sharpness and value.
- [PeanoCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeanoCurve.en.md): PeanoCurve[n] gives the line segments representing the n^th-step Peano curve.
- [PearsonChiSquareTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PearsonChiSquareTest.en.md): PearsonChiSquareTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Pearson \\[Chi]^2 test. PearsonChiSquareTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist using the Pearson \\[Chi]^2 test. PearsonChiSquareTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [PearsonCorrelationTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PearsonCorrelationTest.en.md): PearsonCorrelationTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are linearly independent. PearsonCorrelationTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [PearsonDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PearsonDistribution.en.md): PearsonDistribution[a1, a0, b2, b1, b0] represents a distribution of the Pearson family with parameters a1, a0, b2, b1, and b0. PearsonDistribution[type, a1, a0, b2, b1, b0] represents a Pearson distribution of given type.
- [PenttinenPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PenttinenPointProcess.en.md): PenttinenPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Gamma], rp, d] represents a Penttinen point process with constant intensity \\[Mu], interaction parameter \\[Gamma] and interaction radius rp in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [PercentForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PercentForm.en.md): PercentForm[expr] prints with numbers in expr given as percentages. PercentForm[expr, n] prints with approximate real numbers in expr given as percentages to n-digit precision.
- [PerceptronModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PerceptronModel.en.md): PerceptronModel[] represents a perceptron net for prediction. PerceptronModel[hpars] uses the custom hyperparameters hpars. PerceptronModel[hpars, vars] uses the provided variables vars.
- [PerfectNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PerfectNumber.en.md): PerfectNumber[n] gives the n^th perfect number.
- [PerfectNumberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PerfectNumberQ.en.md): PerfectNumberQ[n] returns True if n is a perfect number, and False otherwise.
- [PerformanceGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PerformanceGoal.en.md): PerformanceGoal is an option for various algorithmic and presentational functions that specifies what aspect of performance to try to optimize with Automatic settings for options.
- [Perimeter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Perimeter.en.md): Perimeter[reg] gives the perimeter of the two-dimensional region reg. Perimeter[{x1, x2}, {s, smin, smax}, {t, tmin, tmax}] gives the perimeter of the parametrized region whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of s and t. Perimeter[{x1, x2}, {s, smin, smax}, {t, tmin, tmax}, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [PeriodicBoundaryCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeriodicBoundaryCondition.en.md): PeriodicBoundaryCondition[u[x1, ...], pred, f] represents a periodic boundary condition = u(xtarget) = u(f(xtarget)) for all xtarget on the boundary of the region given to NDSolve where pred is True. PeriodicBoundaryCondition[a + b u[x1, ...], pred, f] represents a generalized periodic boundary condition a + b u(xtarget) = u (f(xtarget)).
- [PeriodicModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeriodicModel.en.md): PeriodicModel[] represents a sinusoidal function in one variable. PeriodicModel[n] represents a sum of n different sinusoidal functions with different frequencies. PeriodicModel[hpars, vars] uses custom hyperparameters hpars and variable specification vars. PeriodicModel[hpars, pars, vars] uses explicit parameter values and names pars.
- [PeriodicTablePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeriodicTablePlot.en.md): PeriodicTablePlot[] returns a graphical representation of the periodic table. PeriodicTablePlot[EntityProperty[Elemment, prop]] gives the periodic table with elements colored according to the specified property. PeriodicTablePlot[Entity[Element, elem]] shows the periodic table with the specified element highlighted. PeriodicTablePlot[{elem1, elem2, ...}] highlights a list of elements. PeriodicTablePlot[EntityClass[Element, class]] shows the periodic table with all elements in class ...
- [PeriodogramArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeriodogramArray.en.md): PeriodogramArray[list] returns the squared magnitude of the discrete Fourier transform (power spectrum) of list. PeriodogramArray[list, n] averages the power spectra of non-overlapping partitions of length n. PeriodogramArray[list, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. PeriodogramArray[list, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. PeriodogramArray[list, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform. PeriodogramArray[image, ...
- [Periodogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Periodogram.en.md): Periodogram[list] plots the squared magnitude of the discrete Fourier transform (power spectrum) of list. Periodogram[list, n] plots the mean of power spectra of non-overlapping partitions of length n. Periodogram[list, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. Periodogram[list, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. Periodogram[list, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform. Periodogram[{list1, list2, ...}, n, d, wfun, ...
- [Permanent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Permanent.en.md): Permanent[m] gives the permanent of the square matrix m.
- [Permissions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Permissions.en.md): Permissions is an option for CloudObject and related cloud functions that specifies permissions for classes of users to access or perform operations.
- [PermissionsGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermissionsGroup.en.md): PermissionsGroup[name] represents a permissions group with the specified name, owned by the current user. PermissionsGroup[user,  name] represents a permissions group owned by the specified user.
- [PermissionsGroupMemberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermissionsGroupMemberQ.en.md): PermissionsGroupMemberQ[group, user] returns True if user is a member of the permissions group group, and False otherwise.
- [PermissionsGroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermissionsGroups.en.md): PermissionsGroups[] gives a list of permissions groups belonging to the current user.
- [PermissionsKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermissionsKey.en.md): PermissionsKey[key] represents a permissions key that can be used to authorize access to cloud resources.
- [PermissionsKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermissionsKeys.en.md): PermissionsKeys[] gives a list of all valid permissions keys created by the currently authenticated user.
- [PermutationCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationCycles.en.md): PermutationCycles[perm] gives a disjoint cycle representation of permutation perm.
- [PermutationCyclesQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationCyclesQ.en.md): PermutationCyclesQ[expr] returns True if expr is a permutation in disjoint cyclic form, and False otherwise.
- [PermutationGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationGroup.en.md): PermutationGroup[{perm1, ..., permn}] represents the group generated by multiplication of the permutations perm1, ..., permn.
- [PermutationLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationLength.en.md): PermutationLength[perm] returns the number of integers moved by the permutation perm.
- [PermutationList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationList.en.md): PermutationList[perm] returns a permutation list representation of permutation perm. PermutationList[perm, len] returns a permutation list of length len.
- [PermutationListQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationListQ.en.md): PermutationListQ[expr] returns True if expr is a valid permutation list and False otherwise.
- [PermutationMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationMatrix.en.md): PermutationMatrix[permv] represents the permutation matrix given by permutation vector permv as a structured array. PermutationMatrix[pmat] converts a permutation matrix pmat to a structured array.
- [PermutationMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationMax.en.md): PermutationMax[perm] returns the largest integer moved by the permutation perm.
- [PermutationMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationMin.en.md): PermutationMin[perm] returns the smallest integer moved by the permutation perm.
- [PermutationOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationOrder.en.md): PermutationOrder[perm] gives the order of permutation perm.
- [PermutationPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationPower.en.md): PermutationPower[perm, n] gives the n^th permutation power of the permutation perm.
- [PermutationProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationProduct.en.md): PermutationProduct[a, b, c] gives the product of permutations a, b, c.
- [PermutationReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationReplace.en.md): PermutationReplace[expr, perm] replaces each part in expr by its image under the permutation perm. PermutationReplace[expr, gr] returns the list of images of expr under all elements of the permutation group gr.
- [Permutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Permutations.en.md): Permutations[list] generates a list of all possible permutations of the elements in list. Permutations[list, n] gives all permutations containing at most n elements. Permutations[list, {n}] gives all permutations containing exactly n elements.
- [PermutationSupport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PermutationSupport.en.md): PermutationSupport[perm] returns the support of the permutation perm.
- [Permute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Permute.en.md): Permute[expr, perm] permutes the positions of the elements of expr according to the permutation perm. Permute[expr, gr] returns the list of permuted forms of expr under the elements of the permutation group gr.
- [PeronaMalikFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PeronaMalikFilter.en.md): PeronaMalikFilter[image] applies a Perona-Malik diffusion filter to image. PeronaMalikFilter[image, t] specifies the amount of diffusion time t to be applied. PeronaMalikFilter[image, t, k] uses a conductance parameter k. PeronaMalikFilter[image, t, k, \\[Sigma]] applies a Gaussian regularization of width \\[Sigma] to the image gradient in the conductance function.
- [PerpendicularBisector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PerpendicularBisector.en.md): PerpendicularBisector[{p1, p2}] gives the perpendicular bisector of the line segment connecting p1 and p2. PerpendicularBisector[Line[{p1, p2}]] gives the perpendicular bisector of a line segment.
- [PersistenceLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersistenceLocation.en.md): PersistenceLocation[type] represents a persistence location of the given type. PersistenceLocation[type, base] includes the base address for a location type that allows multiple locations.
- [PersistenceTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersistenceTime.en.md): PersistenceTime is an option for various functions that specifies when a persistent value should be treated as expired.
- [PersistentObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersistentObject.en.md): PersistentObject[name, loc] represents a persistent object stored at persistence location loc.
- [PersistentObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersistentObjects.en.md): PersistentObjects[] gives all persistent objects in all locations in $PersistencePath. PersistentObjects[patt] gives all persistent objects whose names match the string pattern patt. PersistentObjects[patt, loc] gives all matching persistent objects in persistence location loc. PersistentObjects[patt, {loc1, ...}] gives all matching persistent objects in all the loci.
- [PersistentSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersistentSymbol.en.md): PersistentSymbol[name] represents the persistent symbol associated with the key  name. PersistentSymbol[name, loc] represents the persistent symbol associated with name stored in persistence location loc. PersistentSymbol[name, {loc1, ...}] represents the persistent symbol associated with name at the first of the locations loci at which it occurs.
- [PersistentValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersistentValue.en.md): As of Version 12.3, PersistentValue has been renamed PersistentSymbol.
- [PersonData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PersonData.en.md): PersonData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the person entity. PersonData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified person entities. PersonData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [PERTDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PERTDistribution.en.md): PERTDistribution[{min, max}, c] represents a PERT distribution with range min to max and mode at c. PERTDistribution[{min, max}, c, \\[Lambda]] represents a modified PERT distribution with shape parameter \\[Lambda].
- [PetersenGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PetersenGraph.en.md): PetersenGraph[n, k] gives the generalized Petersen graph P n, k. PetersenGraph[] gives the standard generalized Petersen graph P 5, 2.
- [PfaffianDet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PfaffianDet.en.md): PfaffianDet[m] gives the Pfaffian determinant of the antisymmetric matrix m.
- [PhaseMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PhaseMargins.en.md): PhaseMargins[lsys] gives the phase margins of the linear time-invariant system lsys.
- [PhaseRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PhaseRange.en.md): PhaseRange is an option to BodePlot and NicholsPlot that specifies the phase range.
- [PhongShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PhongShading.en.md): PhongShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn to reflect as a smooth surface using a normal-vector interpolation shading. PhongShading[d] uses the attenuation factor d for the diffuse light. PhongShading[{d, s}] uses the attenuation factor s for the specular light. PhongShading[{d, s, a}] uses the attenuation factor a for the ambient light.
- [PhysicalSystemData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PhysicalSystemData.en.md): PhysicalSystemData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the physical system entity. PhysicalSystemData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified physical system entities. PhysicalSystemData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Pick](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pick.en.md): Pick[list, sel] picks out those elements of list for which the corresponding element of sel is True. Pick[list, sel, patt] picks out those elements of list for which the corresponding element of sel matches patt.
- [PIDData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PIDData.en.md): As of Version 12.3, PIDData has been superseded by SystemsModelControllerData.
- [PIDDerivativeFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PIDDerivativeFilter.en.md): PIDDerivativeFilter is an option to PIDTune that controls the filtering used for derivative terms.
- [PIDFeedforward](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PIDFeedforward.en.md): PIDFeedforward is an option to PIDTune that controls the reference weights used for the feedforward filter.
- [PIDTune](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PIDTune.en.md): PIDTune[sys] gives a feedback PID controller for the system sys. PIDTune[sys,  carch] gives a controller of architecture  carch (P, PI, PID, etc). PIDTune[sys, {carch,  trule}] gives a controller using the tuning rule  trule. PIDTune[sys, ...,  prop] returns the value for the property  prop.
- [Piecewise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Piecewise.en.md): Piecewise[{{val1, cond1}, {val2, cond2}, ...}] represents a piecewise function with values vali in the regions defined by the conditions condi. Piecewise[{{val1, cond1}, ...}, val] uses default value val if none of the condi apply. The default for val is 0.
- [PiecewiseExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PiecewiseExpand.en.md): PiecewiseExpand[expr] expands nested piecewise functions in expr to give a single piecewise function. PiecewiseExpand[expr, assum] expands piecewise functions using assumptions. PiecewiseExpand[expr, assum, dom] does the expansion over the domain dom.
- [PieChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PieChart3D.en.md): PieChart3D[{y1, y2, ...}] makes a 3D pie chart with sector angle proportional to y1, y2, ... . PieChart3D[{..., wi[yi, ...], ..., wj[yj, ...], ...}] makes a 3D pie chart with sector features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. PieChart3D[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a 3D pie chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [PieChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PieChart.en.md): PieChart[{y1, y2, ..., yn}] makes a pie chart with sector angle proportional to y1, y2, .... PieChart[{..., wi[yi, ...], ..., wj[yj, ...], ...}] makes a pie chart with sector features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. PieChart[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a pie chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [Pi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pi.en.md): Pi is \\[Pi], with numerical value \\[TildeEqual] 3.14159.
- [PillaiTrace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PillaiTrace.en.md): PillaiTrace[m1, m2] gives Pillai's trace for the matrices m1 and m2.
- [PillaiTraceTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PillaiTraceTest.en.md): PillaiTraceTest[m1, m2] tests whether the matrices m1 and m2 are independent. PillaiTraceTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [PingTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PingTime.en.md): PingTime[host] gives the round-trip ping time for the specified network host. PingTime[host, n] gives a list of times for n successive pings.
- [Pink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pink.en.md): Pink represents the color pink in graphics or style specifications.
- [PitchRecognize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PitchRecognize.en.md): PitchRecognize[audio] recognizes the main pitch in audio, returning it as a TimeSeries object. PitchRecognize[audio, spec] returns the main pitch processed according to the specified spec. PitchRecognize[video, ...] recognizes the main pitch in the first audio track in video.
- [PivotFromColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PivotFromColumns.en.md): PivotFromColumns[tab, cols -> {vars, vals}] pivots to make a longer table with the columns cols replaced by two columns, vars containing the column names and vals containing the values from cols. PivotFromColumns[tab, {prule1, prule2, ...}] pivots on multiple sets of columns specified by the pivot rules prulei.
- [PivotTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PivotTable.en.md): PivotTable[tab, f, rowcol, colcol] constructs a table where the value at the position with keys {row, col} is given by applying the function f to the subtabulars corresponding to the rows of tab where rowcol has value row and colcol has value col. PivotTable[tab, {key1 -> f1, ...}, rowcols, colcols] uses multiple aggregation functions fi denoted by keyi.
- [PivotToColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PivotToColumns.en.md): PivotToColumns[tab, varcol -> valcol] pivots the tabular object tab to another table with new column keys taken from the column varcol and values taken from the column valcol. PivotToColumns[tab, varcol -> {valcol1, valcol2, ...}] creates columns with values from all valcoli for each value from varcol. PivotToColumns[tab, {prule1, prule2, ...}] pivots tab using several pivot rules prulei.
- [PixelConstrained](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PixelConstrained.en.md): Matching pixel dimensions can no longer produce consistent or expected results in the modern world of high-resolution displays and operating systems with flexible screen scaling. As of 12.1, which fully supports such displays and screen scaling, PixelConstrained is obsolete.
- [PixelValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PixelValue.en.md): PixelValue[image, ppos] gives the pixel value of image at position pos. PixelValue[image, ppos,  type] gives the pixel value converted to the specified type.
- [PixelValuePositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PixelValuePositions.en.md): PixelValuePositions[image, val] returns a list of pixel positions in image that exactly match the value val. PixelValuePositions[image, val, d] returns all pixel positions that have values within a distance d from val.
- [Placed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Placed.en.md): Placed[expr, pos] represents an expression expr placed at relative position pos in a chart or other display. Placed[{e1, e2, ...}, pos] places each of the ei at a relative position specified by pos. Placed[{e1, e2, ...}, pos, f] applies the function f to each of the ei before displaying it.
- [Placeholder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Placeholder.en.md): Placeholder[name] represents a placeholder labeled with name that indicates a place to type. Placeholder[] gives the empty placeholder \\[Placeholder].
- [PlaceholderLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlaceholderLayer.en.md): PlaceholderLayer[] represents a net layer whose operation is undefined. PlaceholderLayer[tag, assoc] indicates a tag and information given by the association assoc.
- [PlaceholderReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlaceholderReplace.en.md): PlaceholderReplace is an option to Paste that determines whether to replace a selection placeholder with the selected contents.
- [Plain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Plain.en.md): Plain represents a font that is not bold, italic, or underlined.
- [PlanarAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanarAngle.en.md): PlanarAngle[p -> {q1, q2}] gives the angle between the half-lines from p through q1 and q2. PlanarAngle[{q1, p, q2}] gives the angle at p formed by the triangle with vertex points p, q1 and q2. PlanarAngle[...,  spec] gives the angle specified by spec.
- [PlanarFaceList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanarFaceList.en.md): PlanarFaceList[g] gives the list of faces of the planar graph g.
- [PlanarGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanarGraph.en.md): PlanarGraph[{e1, e2, ...}] yields a planar graph with edges ej. PlanarGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...}] yields a planar graph with vertices vi and edges ej. PlanarGraph[{..., wi[vi], ...}, {..., wj[ej], ...}] yields a planar graph with vertex and edge properties defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. PlanarGraph[{vi -> vj, ...}] uses rules vi -> vj to specify a planar graph.
- [PlanarGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanarGraphQ.en.md): PlanarGraphQ[g] yields True if g is a planar graph and False otherwise.
- [PlanckRadiationLaw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanckRadiationLaw.en.md): PlanckRadiationLaw[temperature, \\[Lambda]] returns the spectral radiance for the specified temperature and wavelength \\[Lambda]. PlanckRadiationLaw[temperature, f] returns the spectral radiance for the specified temperature and frequency f. PlanckRadiationLaw[temperature, property] returns the value of the property for the specified temperature. PlanckRadiationLaw[temperature, {\\[Lambda]1, \\[Lambda]2}] returns the integrated result of the spectral radiance over the wavelength range ...
- [PlaneCurveData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlaneCurveData.en.md): PlaneCurveData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the plane curve entity. PlaneCurveData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified plane curve entities. PlaneCurveData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [PlanetaryMoonData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanetaryMoonData.en.md): PlanetaryMoonData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the moon entity of a planet or minor planet. PlanetaryMoonData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified moon entities. PlanetaryMoonData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the property.
- [PlanetData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlanetData.en.md): PlanetData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the planet entity. PlanetData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified planet entities. PlanetData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the property.
- [PlantData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlantData.en.md): PlantData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the plant entity. PlantData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified plant entities. PlantData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the property.
- [PlaybackSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlaybackSettings.en.md): PlaybackSettings is an option for Video and similar objects that specifies settings used for playback, such as position.
- [Play](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Play.en.md): Play[f, {t, tmin, tmax}] creates an object that plays as a sound whose amplitude is given by f as a function of time t in seconds between tmin and tmax.
- [PlayRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlayRange.en.md): PlayRange is an option for Play and related functions which specifies what range of sound amplitude levels should be included.
- [Plot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Plot3D.en.md): Plot3D[f, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a three-dimensional plot of f as a function of x and y. Plot3D[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] plots several functions. Plot3D[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. Plot3D[..., {x, y} \\[Element] reg] takes variables {x, y} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [Plot3Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Plot3Matrix.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), Plot3Matrix has been superseded by ViewCenter and ViewVertical.
- [PlotDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotDivision.en.md): As of Version 6.0, PlotDivision has been superseded by MaxRecursion.
- [Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Plot.en.md): Plot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] generates a plot of f as a function of x from xmin to xmax. Plot[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots several functions fi. Plot[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. Plot[..., {x} \\[Element] reg] takes the variable x to be in the geometric region reg.
- [PlotFitElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotFitElements.en.md): PlotFitElements is an option for ListPlot, ListPlot3D and related functions that specifies what elements to include for fitted models
- [PlotFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotFit.en.md): PlotFit is an option to visualization functions such as ListPlot and ListPlot3D that determines how to fit a model to the data.
- [PlotGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotGrid.en.md): PlotGrid[{{p11, p12, ...}, {p21, ...}, ...}] combines an array of plots pij into a grid in which the plot ranges are aligned. PlotGrid[plots, shared] aligns the plot ranges by sharing the scales given in shared.
- [PlotHighlighting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotHighlighting.en.md): PlotHighlighting is an option to Plot, ListPlot and related visualization functions that specifies how points and curves should be highlighted.
- [PlotInteractivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotInteractivity.en.md): PlotInteractivity is an option for graphics functions that specifies whether to allow automatic interactivity and highlighting for plots and graphics.
- [PlotJoined](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotJoined.en.md): As of Version 6.0, PlotJoined has been superseded by Joined and ListLinePlot.
- [PlotLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotLabel.en.md): PlotLabel is an option for graphics functions that specifies an overall label for a plot.
- [PlotLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotLabels.en.md): PlotLabels is an option for visualization functions that specifies what labels to use for each data source.
- [PlotLayout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotLayout.en.md): PlotLayout is an option for plotting functions that specifies the layout of multiple components in a plot.
- [PlotLegends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotLegends.en.md): PlotLegends is an option for plot functions that specifies what legends to use.
- [PlotMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotMarkers.en.md): PlotMarkers is an option for graphics functions like ListPlot and ListLinePlot that specifies what markers to draw at the points plotted.
- [PlotPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotPoints.en.md): PlotPoints is an option for plotting functions that specifies how many initial sample points to use.
- [PlotRangeClipping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotRangeClipping.en.md): PlotRangeClipping is an option for graphics functions that specifies whether graphics objects should be clipped at the edge of the region defined by PlotRange, or should be allowed to extend to the actual edge of the image.
- [PlotRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotRange.en.md): PlotRange is an option for graphics functions that specifies what range of coordinates to include in a plot.
- [PlotRangePadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotRangePadding.en.md): PlotRangePadding is an option for graphics functions that specifies how much further axes etc. should extend beyond the range of coordinates specified by PlotRange.
- [PlotRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotRegion.en.md): PlotRegion is an option for graphics functions that specifies what region of the final display area a plot should fill.
- [PlotStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotStyle.en.md): PlotStyle is an option for plotting and related functions that specifies styles in which objects are to be drawn.
- [PlotTheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlotTheme.en.md): PlotTheme is an option for plotting and related functions that specifies an overall theme for visualization elements and styles.
- [Pluralize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pluralize.en.md): Pluralize[noun] gives the plural form of the English word noun. Pluralize[noun, n] gives the inflected form of  noun for n instances. Pluralize[{ singular,  plural}, n] inflects using the specified forms. Pluralize[spec, list] uses the length of list to determine the inflection to use.
- [Plus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Plus.en.md): x + y + z represents a sum of terms.
- [PlusMinus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PlusMinus.en.md): PlusMinus[x] displays as \\[PlusMinus]x. PlusMinus[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[PlusMinus] y \\[PlusMinus] ....
- [Pochhammer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pochhammer.en.md): Pochhammer[a, n] gives the Pochhammer symbol a.
- [PodStates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PodStates.en.md): PodStates is an option for WolframAlpha that determines information about the states of the pods.
- [PodWidth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PodWidth.en.md): PodWidth is an option for WolframAlpha that determines the width parameters of the content returned by the Wolfram|Alpha API.
- [PointCountDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointCountDistribution.en.md): PointCountDistribution[pproc, reg] represents the distribution of point counts for the point process pproc in the region reg. PointCountDistribution[pproc, {reg1, ..., regn}] represents the joint distribution of point counts in regions regi.
- [PointDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointDensity.en.md): PointDensity[pdata] estimates the point density function \\[Mu](x) from point data pdata. PointDensity[pdata, pmethod] estimates the point density function \\[Mu](x) with the partition method pmethod. PointDensity[bdata, ...] estimates the point density function \\[Mu](x) from binned data bdata. PointDensity[pproc, ...] computes the density function \\[Mu](x) for point process pproc.
- [PointDensityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointDensityFunction.en.md): PointDensityFunction[...] represents a function whose values give the density at a given location.
- [Point](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Point.en.md): Point[p] is a graphics and geometry primitive that represents a point at p. Point[{p1, p2, ...}] represents a collection of points.
- [PointFigureChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointFigureChart.en.md): PointFigureChart[{{date1, p1}, {date2, p2}, ...}] makes a point and figure chart with prices pi at date datei. PointFigureChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a point and figure chart of closing prices for the financial entity  name over the date range daterange. PointFigureChart[{...}, s, n] makes a point and figure chart with point and figure height s and n reversals.
- [PointLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointLegend.en.md): PointLegend[{col1, ...}, {lbl1, ...}] generates a legend that associates points of colors coli with labels lbli. PointLegend[{col1, ...}, Automatic] generates a legend with placeholder labels for the colors coli. PointLegend[{lbl1, ...}] represents a legend with inherited colors within visualization functions.
- [PointLight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointLight.en.md): PointLight[col, pt] is a three-dimensional graphics directive that specifies the point light of color col at position pt to use in coloring 3D surfaces. PointLight[col, pt, att] uses the point light with geometric attenuation att.
- [PointProcessEstimator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointProcessEstimator.en.md): PointProcessEstimator is an option to EstimatedPointProcess and FindPointProcessParameters that specifies what point process parameter estimator to use.
- [PointProcessFitTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointProcessFitTest.en.md): PointProcessFitTest[pdata] tests whether the point collection pdata could be modeled by a Poisson point process. PointProcessFitTest[pdata, pproc] tests whether the point collection could be modeled by the point process pproc. PointProcessFitTest[pdata, pproc,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [PointProcessParameterAssumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointProcessParameterAssumptions.en.md): PointProcessParameterAssumptions[proc] gives a logical expression for assumptions on parameters in the point process proc.
- [PointProcessParameterQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointProcessParameterQ.en.md): PointProcessParameterQ[proc] yields True if proc is a valid random point process, and yields False otherwise.
- [PointSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointSize.en.md): PointSize[d] is a graphics directive which specifies that points which follow are to be shown if possible as circular regions with diameter d. The diameter d is given as a fraction of the total width of the plot.
- [PointStatisticFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointStatisticFunction.en.md): PointStatisticFunction[...] represents a function whose values give the statistic of a points collection pdata at a supplied radius.
- [PointValuePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PointValuePlot.en.md): PointValuePlot[{pt1 -> val1, pt2 -> val2, ...}] plots the points pti styled according to the values vali. PointValuePlot[pts -> vals] uses a collection of points pti from pts with corresponding values vali from val. PointValuePlot[..., enc] uses the visual encoding enc to represent the values vali in the plot. PointValuePlot[data, ...] plots the locations and values from data.
- [PoissonConsulDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoissonConsulDistribution.en.md): PoissonConsulDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda]] represents a Poisson-Consul distribution with parameters \\[Mu] and \\[Lambda].
- [PoissonDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoissonDistribution.en.md): PoissonDistribution[\\[Mu]] represents a Poisson distribution with mean \\[Mu].
- [PoissonPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoissonPDEComponent.en.md): PoissonPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a Poisson PDE term \\[Del]^2 {Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u - f with model variables vars and model parameters pars.
- [PoissonPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoissonPointProcess.en.md): PoissonPointProcess[\\[Mu], d] represents a homogeneous Poisson point process with constant intensity \\[Mu] in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [PoissonProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoissonProcess.en.md): PoissonProcess[\\[Mu]] represents a Poisson process with rate \\[Mu].
- [PoissonWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoissonWindow.en.md): PoissonWindow[x] represents a Poisson window function of x. PoissonWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [PolarAxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarAxes.en.md): PolarAxes is an option for sector charts and polar plots that specifies whether polar axes should be drawn.
- [PolarAxesOrigin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarAxesOrigin.en.md): PolarAxesOrigin is an option for sector charts and polar plots that specifies where polar axes should be drawn.
- [PolarCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarCurve.en.md): PolarCurve[r, {\\[Theta], \\[Theta]min, \\[Theta]max}] gives a polar curve with radius r as a function of angle \\[Theta].
- [PolarDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarDecomposition.en.md): PolarDecomposition[m] computes the polar decomposition of a numeric matrix m as a pair {u, p}, where u is unitary and p is positive semidefinite.
- [PolarGridLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarGridLines.en.md): PolarGridLines is an option for sector charts and polar plots that specifies polar grid lines.
- [PolarPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarPlot.en.md): PolarPlot[r, {\\[Theta], \\[Theta]min, \\[Theta]max}] generates a polar plot of a curve with radius r as a function of angle \\[Theta]. PolarPlot[{r1, r2, ...}, {\\[Theta], \\[Theta]min, \\[Theta]max}] makes a polar plot of curves with radius functions r1, r2, ....
- [PolarTicks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarTicks.en.md): PolarTicks is an option for sector charts and polar plots that specifies tick marks for polar axes.
- [PoleZeroMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoleZeroMarkers.en.md): PoleZeroMarkers is an option for RootLocusPlot that specifies the markers to be drawn on the complex plane at the open-loop poles, closed-loop poles, and open-loop zeros.
- [PoleZeroPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoleZeroPlot.en.md): PoleZeroPlot[expr] gives the pole-zero plot of a rational expression expr. PoleZeroPlot[sys] gives the pole-zero plot of a systems model sys. PoleZeroPlot[..., reg] plots poles and zeros in the region reg.
- [PolyaAeppliDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyaAeppliDistribution.en.md): PolyaAeppliDistribution[\\[Theta], p] represents a Pólya-Aeppli distribution with shape parameters \\[Theta] and p.
- [PolyGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyGamma.en.md): PolyGamma[z] gives the digamma function .... PolyGamma[n, z] gives the n^th derivative of the digamma function n.
- [PolygonalNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolygonalNumber.en.md): PolygonalNumber[n] gives the n^th triangular number Tn. PolygonalNumber[r, n] gives the n^th r-gonal number P_n^\\ r.
- [PolygonAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolygonAngle.en.md): PolygonAngle[poly] gives a list of angles at the vertex points of poly. PolygonAngle[poly, p] gives the angle at the vertex point p of a polygon poly. PolygonAngle[poly, i] gives the angle at the point pi of poly in canonical form Polygon[{p1, ..., pn}, data]. PolygonAngle[...,  spec] gives the angle specified by  spec.
- [PolygonCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolygonCoordinates.en.md): PolygonCoordinates[poly] gives a list of coordinates in the polygon poly.
- [PolygonDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolygonDecomposition.en.md): PolygonDecomposition[poly] decomposes the polygon poly into a disjoint union of simpler polygons. PolygonDecomposition[poly,  type] decomposes into polygons of the specified  type.
- [Polygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Polygon.en.md): Polygon[{p1, ..., pn}] represents a filled polygon with points pi. Polygon[{p1, ..., pn} -> {{q1, ..., qm}, ...}] represents a polygon with holes {q1, ..., qm}, .... Polygon[{poly1, poly2, ...}] represents a collection of polygons polyi. Polygon[{p1, ..., pn}, data] represents a polygon in which coordinates given as integers i in data are taken to be pi.
- [PolygonIntersections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolygonIntersections.en.md): As of Version 6.0, PolygonIntersections has been superseded by various options for Export.
- [PolyhedronAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronAngle.en.md): PolyhedronAngle[poly, p] gives the solid angle at the point p and spanned by edges with common point p. PolyhedronAngle[poly, e] gives the dihedral angle between the two faces with common edge e.
- [PolyhedronCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronCoordinates.en.md): PolyhedronCoordinates[poly] gives a list of coordinates in the polyhedron poly.
- [PolyhedronData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronData.en.md): PolyhedronData[poly,  property] gives the value of the specified property for the polyhedron named poly. PolyhedronData[poly] gives an image of the polyhedron named poly. PolyhedronData[class] gives a list of the polyhedra in the specified class.
- [PolyhedronDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronDecomposition.en.md): PolyhedronDecomposition[poly] decomposes the polyhedron poly into a union of simpler polyhedra.
- [Polyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Polyhedron.en.md): Polyhedron[{f1, ..., fn}] represents a filled polyhedron inside the closed surfaces with polygon faces fi. Polyhedron[{f1, ..., fn} -> {{g1, ..., gm}, ...}] represents a polyhedron with voids {g1, ..., gm}, .... Polyhedron[{poly1, poly2, ...}] represents a collection of polyhedra polyi. Polyhedron[{p1, ..., pn}, data] represents a polyhedron in which coordinates given as integers i in data are taken to be pi.
- [PolyhedronGenus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronGenus.en.md): PolyhedronGenus[poly] gives the genus of the polyhedron poly.
- [PolyLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyLog.en.md): PolyLog[n, z] gives the polylogarithm function n. PolyLog[n, p, z] gives the Nielsen generalized polylogarithm function PolyLog[n, p, z].
- [PolynomialExpressionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialExpressionQ.en.md): PolynomialExpressionQ[expr, x] gives True if expr is structurally a polynomial expression in x, and False otherwise. PolynomialExpressionQ[expr, {x, y, ...}] gives True if expr is structurally a polynomial expression in x, y, ..., and False otherwise. PolynomialExpressionQ[expr, {x, y, ...}, test] gives True if expr is structurally a polynomial expression in x, y, ... with coefficients satisfying test, and False otherwise.
- [PolynomialExtendedGCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialExtendedGCD.en.md): PolynomialExtendedGCD[poly1, poly2, x] gives the extended GCD of poly1 and poly2 treated as univariate polynomials in x. PolynomialExtendedGCD[poly1, poly2, x, Modulus -> p] gives the extended GCD over the integers modulo the prime p.
- [PolynomialGCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialGCD.en.md): PolynomialGCD[poly1, poly2, ...] gives the greatest common divisor of the polynomials polyi. PolynomialGCD[poly1, poly2, ..., Modulus -> p] evaluates the GCD modulo the prime p.
- [PolynomialHermiteDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialHermiteDecomposition.en.md): PolynomialHermiteDecomposition[P] computes the Hermite decomposition of the matrix P of univariate polynomials. PolynomialHermiteDecomposition[P, x] computes the Hermite decomposition for a matrix of polynomials in the variable x.
- [PolynomialHermiteReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialHermiteReduce.en.md): PolynomialHermiteReduce[P] computes the Hermite normal form of the matrix P of univariate polynomials. PolynomialHermiteReduce[P, x] computes the Hermite normal form for a matrix of polynomials in the variable x.
- [PolynomialLCM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialLCM.en.md): PolynomialLCM[poly1, poly2, ...] gives the least common multiple of the polynomials polyi. PolynomialLCM[poly1, poly2, ..., Modulus -> p] evaluates the LCM modulo the prime p.
- [PolynomialModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialModel.en.md): PolynomialModel[] represents a polynomial function with unknown degree. PolynomialModel[n] represents a polynomial function of a given degree n in the input variables. PolynomialModel[n, vars] uses an explicit variable specification vars. PolynomialModel[n, pars, vars] uses the provided coefficients pars.
- [PolynomialMod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialMod.en.md): PolynomialMod[poly, m] gives the polynomial poly reduced modulo m. PolynomialMod[poly, {m1, m2, ...}] reduces modulo all of the mi.
- [PolynomialQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialQ.en.md): PolynomialQ[expr, var] yields True if expr is a polynomial in var, and yields False otherwise. PolynomialQ[expr, {var1, ...}] tests whether expr is a polynomial in the vari.
- [PolynomialQuotient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialQuotient.en.md): PolynomialQuotient[p, q, x] gives the quotient of p and q, treated as polynomials in x, with any remainder dropped.
- [PolynomialQuotientRemainder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialQuotientRemainder.en.md): PolynomialQuotientRemainder[p, q, x] gives a list of the quotient and remainder of p and q, treated as polynomials in x.
- [PolynomialReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialReduce.en.md): PolynomialReduce[poly, {poly1, poly2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] yields a list representing a reduction of poly in terms of the polyi. The list has the form {{a1, a2, ...}, b}, where b is minimal and a1 poly1 + a2 poly2 + ... + b is exactly poly.
- [PolynomialReduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialReduction.en.md): PolynomialReduction[poly, {poly1, poly2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] yields a reduction r of the polynomial poly modulo the polynomials polyi in variables {x1, x2, ...}.
- [PolynomialRemainder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialRemainder.en.md): PolynomialRemainder[p, q, x] gives the remainder from dividing p by q, treated as polynomials in x.
- [PolynomialSmithDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialSmithDecomposition.en.md): PolynomialSmithDecomposition[m] computes the Smith decomposition of the matrix m of univariate polynomials. PolynomialSmithDecomposition[m, x] computes the Smith decomposition for a matrix of polynomials in the variable x.
- [PolynomialSmithReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialSmithReduce.en.md): PolynomialSmithReduce[m] computes the Smith normal form of the matrix m of univariate polynomials. PolynomialSmithReduce[m, x] computes the Smith normal form for a matrix of polynomials in the variable x.
- [PolynomialSumOfSquaresList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolynomialSumOfSquaresList.en.md): PolynomialSumOfSquaresList[f, vars] attempts to find polynomials with real coefficients {f1, ..., fn} such that f == f1 2 + ... + fn 2.
- [PoolingLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PoolingLayer.en.md): PoolingLayer[sz] represents a pooling net layer using kernels of size sz. PoolingLayer[{w}] represents a layer performing one-dimensional pooling with kernels of size w. PoolingLayer[{h, w}] represents a layer performing two-dimensional pooling with kernels of size h*w. PoolingLayer[{h, w, d}] represents a layer performing three-dimensional pooling with kernels of size h*w*d. PoolingLayer[kernel, stride] represents a layer that uses stride as the step size between kernel applications. ...
- [PopovDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PopovDecomposition.en.md): PopovDecomposition[m] computes the Popov decomposition of the matrix m consisting of univariate polynomials. PopovDecomposition[m, x] yields the Popov decomposition of m consisting of univariate polynomials in the variable x.
- [PopupMenu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PopupMenu.en.md): PopupMenu[x, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a popup menu with setting x and possible values vali. PopupMenu[Dynamic[x], {val1, ...}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset every time an item is selected from the menu. PopupMenu[x, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] represents a popup menu in which possible value vali is indicated by lbli. PopupMenu[x, {val1 -> lbl1, ...}, dlbl] displays the menu item as dlbl if x is none of ...
- [PopupView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PopupView.en.md): PopupView[{expr1, expr2, ...}] represents an object which displays as a popup menu whose items are the expri. PopupView[{expr1, expr2, ...}, i] makes the i^th entry be the one currently chosen. PopupView[{expr1, expr2, ...}, i, base] displays as base if it is not being clicked.
- [PopupWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PopupWindow.en.md): PopupWindow[expr, contents] displays as expr, but pops up a window containing contents when clicked.
- [Position](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Position.en.md): Position[expr, pattern] gives a list of the positions at which objects matching pattern appear in expr. Position[expr, pattern, levelspec] finds only objects that appear on levels specified by levelspec. Position[expr, pattern, levelspec, n] gives the positions of the first n objects found. Position[pattern] represents an operator form of Position that can be applied to an expression.
- [PositionIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositionIndex.en.md): PositionIndex[list] gives an association between unique elements in list and the positions at which they occur. PositionIndex[assoc] gives an association whose keys are the distinct values in assoc, and whose values are lists of the keys with which they are associated.
- [PositionLargest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositionLargest.en.md): PositionLargest[list] gives the positions of the numerically largest value in list. PositionLargest[list, n] gives the positions of the first n largest values. PositionLargest[list, n, orderfun] gives the positions of the n largest values in list as determined by orderfun.
- [PositionSmallest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositionSmallest.en.md): PositionSmallest[list] gives the positions of the numerically smallest value in list. PositionSmallest[list, n] gives the positions of the first n smallest values. PositionSmallest[list, n, orderfun] gives the positions of the n smallest values in list as determined by orderfun.
- [PositiveDefiniteMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositiveDefiniteMatrixQ.en.md): PositiveDefiniteMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly positive definite, and False otherwise.
- [Positive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Positive.en.md): Positive[x] gives True if x is a positive number.
- [PositiveIntegers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositiveIntegers.en.md): PositiveIntegers represents the domain of strictly positive integers, as in x \\[Element] PositiveIntegers.
- [PositivelyOrientedPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositivelyOrientedPoints.en.md): PositivelyOrientedPoints[{p1, p2, p3, ..., p d + 1}] tests whether the sequence of points p1, p2, p3, ..., p d + 1 is positively oriented.
- [PositiveRationals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositiveRationals.en.md): PositiveRationals represents the domain of strictly positive rational numbers, as in x \\[Element] PositiveRationals.
- [PositiveReals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositiveReals.en.md): PositiveReals represents the domain of strictly positive real numbers.
- [PositiveSemidefiniteMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PositiveSemidefiniteMatrixQ.en.md): PositiveSemidefiniteMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly positive semidefinite, and False otherwise.
- [PossibleZeroQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PossibleZeroQ.en.md): PossibleZeroQ[expr] gives True if basic symbolic and numerical methods suggest that expr has value zero, and gives False otherwise.
- [Postfix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Postfix.en.md): Postfix[f[expr]] prints with f[expr] given in default postfix form: expr // f. Postfix[f[expr], h] prints as exprh.
- [PowerDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerDistribution.en.md): PowerDistribution[k, a] represents a power distribution with domain parameter k and shape parameter a.
- [Power](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Power.en.md): x^y gives x to the power y.
- [PowerExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerExpand.en.md): PowerExpand[expr] expands all powers of products and powers. PowerExpand[expr, {x1, x2, ...}] expands only with respect to the variables xi.
- [PowerModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerModel.en.md): PowerModel[] represents a power law function. PowerModel[vars] represents a model with the given variables vars with unknown constants. PowerModel[pars, vars] represents the model of vars variables with the given parameters pars.
- [PowerMod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerMod.en.md): PowerMod[a, b, m] gives a^b mod m. PowerMod[a, -1, m] finds the modular inverse of a modulo m. PowerMod[a, 1/r, m] finds a modular r^th root of a.
- [PowerModList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerModList.en.md): PowerModList[a, s/r, m] gives a list of all x modulo m for which x^r \\[Congruent] a^s mod m.
- [PowerRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerRange.en.md): PowerRange[b] generates the list {1, 10, 100, ..., max}, where max is the largest power of 10 that does not exceed b. PowerRange[a, b] generates the list {a, 10 a, 100 a, ..., max}, with successive elements increasing by factors of 10. PowerRange[a, b, r] uses factors of r instead of 10.
- [PowerSpectralDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerSpectralDensity.en.md): PowerSpectralDensity[data, \\[Omega]] estimates the power spectral density for data. PowerSpectralDensity[data, \\[Omega], sspec] estimates the power spectral density for data with smoothing specification sspec. PowerSpectralDensity[tproc, \\[Omega]] represents the power spectral density of a time series process tproc.
- [PowersRepresentations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowersRepresentations.en.md): PowersRepresentations[n, k, p] gives the distinct representations of the integer n as a sum of k non-negative p^th integer powers.
- [PowerSymmetricPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PowerSymmetricPolynomial.en.md): PowerSymmetricPolynomial[r] represents a formal power symmetric polynomial with exponent r. PowerSymmetricPolynomial[{r1, r2, ...}] represents a multivariate formal power symmetric polynomial with exponents r1, r2, .... PowerSymmetricPolynomial[rspec, data] gives the power symmetric polynomial in data.
- [PrecedenceForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrecedenceForm.en.md): PrecedenceForm[expr, prec] prints with expr parenthesized as it would be if it contained an operator with precedence prec.
- [Precedes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Precedes.en.md): Precedes[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Precedes] y \\[Precedes] ....
- [PrecedesEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrecedesEqual.en.md): PrecedesEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[PrecedesEqual] y \\[PrecedesEqual] ....
- [PrecedesSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrecedesSlantEqual.en.md): PrecedesSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[PrecedesSlantEqual] y \\[PrecedesSlantEqual] ....
- [PrecedesTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrecedesTilde.en.md): PrecedesTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[PrecedesTilde] y \\[PrecedesTilde] ....
- [Precision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Precision.en.md): Precision[x] gives the effective number of digits of precision in the number x.
- [PrecisionGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrecisionGoal.en.md): PrecisionGoal is an option for various numerical operations which specifies how many effective digits of precision should be sought in the final result.
- [PreDecrement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreDecrement.en.md): --x decreases the value of x by 1, returning the new value of x.
- [Predict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Predict.en.md): Predict[{in1 -> out1, in2 -> out2, ...}] generates a PredictorFunction that attempts to predict outi from the example ini. Predict[data, input] attempts to predict the output associated with input from the training examples given. Predict[data, input, prop] computes the specified property prop relative to the prediction.
- [PredictorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PredictorFunction.en.md): PredictorFunction[...] represents a function generated by Predict that predicts numerical values from data.
- [PredictorInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PredictorInformation.en.md): As of Version 12.0, PredictorInformation has been superseded by Information.
- [PredictorMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PredictorMeasurements.en.md): PredictorMeasurements[predictor, testset, prop] gives measurements associated with the property prop when predictor is evaluated on testset. PredictorMeasurements[predictor, testset] yields a measurement report that can be applied to any property. PredictorMeasurements[data, ...] use predictions data instead of a predictor. PredictorMeasurements[..., {prop1, prop2, ...}] gives properties prop1, prop2, etc.
- [PredictorMeasurementsObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PredictorMeasurementsObject.en.md): PredictorMeasurementsObject[...] represents an object generated by PredictorMeasurements that can be applied to properties.
- [PreemptProtect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreemptProtect.en.md): PreemptProtect[expr] evaluates expr, without any interruption from preemptive evaluations.
- [PreferencesPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreferencesPath.en.md): PreferencesPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for user-specific settings when the Wolfram System is started.
- [Prefix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Prefix.en.md): Prefix[f[expr]] prints with f[expr] given in default prefix form: f@expr. Prefix[f[expr], h] prints as hexpr.
- [PreIncrement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreIncrement.en.md): ++x increases the value of x by 1, returning the new value of x.
- [Prepend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Prepend.en.md): Prepend[expr, elem] gives expr with elem prepended. Prepend[elem] represents an operator form of Prepend that can be applied to an expression.
- [PrependLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrependLayer.en.md): PrependLayer[] represents a net layer that takes an input array and prepends another array to it.
- [PrependTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrependTo.en.md): PrependTo[x, elem] prepends elem to the value of x, and resets x to the result.
- [PreprocessingRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreprocessingRules.en.md): PreprocessingRules is an option that specifies how the input should be preprocessed.
- [PreserveColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreserveColor.en.md): PreserveColor is an option for ImageRestyle and related functions that specifies whether to preserve colors in the original image.
- [PreserveImageOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreserveImageOptions.en.md): PreserveImageOptions is an option to graphics and related functions that specifies whether image size and certain other options should be preserved from the previous version of a graphic if the graphic is replaced by a new one in output.
- [PreviousCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreviousCell.en.md): PreviousCell[] returns the CellObject corresponding to the cell directly above the currently evaluating cell. PreviousCell[cellobj] starts looking from the given cell. PreviousCell[NotebookSelection[nbobj]] starts looking from the topmost selected item.
- [PreviousDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreviousDate.en.md): PreviousDate[gran] gives the previously occurring date of the specified granularity type gran. PreviousDate[daytype] gives the previous day corresponding to the specified daytype. PreviousDate[date, gran] gives the previous date of the given granularity relative to the specified date.
- [PriceGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PriceGraphDistribution.en.md): PriceGraphDistribution[n, k, a] represents a de Solla Price graph distribution for n-vertex graphs where a new vertex with k edges is added at each step, using attractiveness parameter a.
- [Prime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Prime.en.md): Prime[n] gives the n^th prime number Prime[n].
- [PrimeNu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeNu.en.md): PrimeNu[n] gives the number of distinct primes \\[Nu](n) in n.
- [PrimeOmega](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeOmega.en.md): PrimeOmega[n] gives the number of prime factors counting multiplicities \\[CapitalOmega](n) in n.
- [PrimePi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimePi.en.md): PrimePi[x] gives the number of primes PrimePi[x] less than or equal to x.
- [PrimePowerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimePowerQ.en.md): PrimePowerQ[expr] yields True if expr is a power of a prime number, and yields False otherwise.
- [PrimeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeQ.en.md): PrimeQ[n] yields True if n is a prime number, and yields False otherwise.
- [Primes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Primes.en.md): Primes represents the domain of prime numbers, as in x \\[Element] Primes.
- [PrimeZetaP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeZetaP.en.md): PrimeZetaP[s] gives prime zeta function PrimeZetaP[s].
- [PrimitivePolynomialQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimitivePolynomialQ.en.md): PrimitivePolynomialQ[poly, p] tests whether poly is a primitive polynomial modulo a prime p.
- [PrimitiveRoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimitiveRoot.en.md): PrimitiveRoot[n] gives a primitive root of n. PrimitiveRoot[n, k] gives the smallest primitive root of n greater than or equal to k.
- [PrimitiveRootList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimitiveRootList.en.md): PrimitiveRootList[n] gives a list of primitive roots of n.
- [PrincipalComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrincipalComponents.en.md): PrincipalComponents[matrix] transforms elements of matrix into unscaled principal components.
- [PrincipalValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrincipalValue.en.md): PrincipalValue is an option for Integrate that specifies whether the Cauchy principal value should be found for a definite integral.
- [PrintableASCIIQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintableASCIIQ.en.md): PrintableASCIIQ[string] yields True if the string contains only printable ASCII characters, and yields False otherwise.
- [PrintAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintAction.en.md): PrintAction is an option for notebooks that specifies the action taken when a Print[] command is evaluated by the kernel.
- [Print](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Print.en.md): Print[expr] prints expr as output.
- [PrintingCopies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintingCopies.en.md): PrintingCopies is an option for notebooks that specifies the number of copies of a notebook printed when a print command is given.
- [PrintingOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintingOptions.en.md): PrintingOptions is an option that specifies settings for printing.
- [PrintingPageRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintingPageRange.en.md): PrintingPageRange is an option for notebooks that specifies the range of pages of a notebook to be printed.
- [PrintingStartingPageNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintingStartingPageNumber.en.md): PrintingStartingPageNumber is an option for notebooks that specifies what number to assign to the first page of a notebook when printed.
- [PrintingStyleEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintingStyleEnvironment.en.md): PrintingStyleEnvironment is an option for notebooks that specifies the style environment to be used in printing the notebook on paper.
- [Printout3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Printout3D.en.md): Printout3D[model] prints out the 3D model using a 3D print previewer. Printout3D[model, service] prints out the 3D model using the specified 3D printing service. Printout3D[model,  file. ext] saves a print-ready form of the model to a file in the format indicated by the file extension ext.
- [Printout3DPreviewer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Printout3DPreviewer.en.md): Printout3DPreviewer is an option for Printout3D that specifies a previewer for generating outputs to print.
- [PrintPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintPrecision.en.md): PrintPrecision is an option for selections that specifies the maximum number of digits used for displaying a machine-precision number.
- [PrintTemporary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrintTemporary.en.md): PrintTemporary[expr] prints expr as a temporary cell in a notebook, removing it when the evaluation of the current input line is complete.
- [Prism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Prism.en.md): Prism[{p1, ..., p6}] represents a filled prism connecting the triangles {p1, p2, p3} and {p4, p5, p6}.
- [PrivateCellOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrivateCellOptions.en.md): PrivateCellOptions is an option for cells that specifies various low-level cell settings.
- [PrivateEvaluationOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrivateEvaluationOptions.en.md): PrivateEvaluationOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for evaluation-related suboptions.
- [PrivateFontOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrivateFontOptions.en.md): PrivateFontOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for various font suboptions.
- [PrivateKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrivateKey.en.md): PrivateKey[assoc] represents the private part of a key pair for a public-key cryptographic system.
- [PrivateNotebookOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrivateNotebookOptions.en.md): PrivateNotebookOptions is an option for notebooks that specifies various low-level notebook settings.
- [PrivatePaths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrivatePaths.en.md): PrivatePaths is a global option that specifies settings for paths private to the notebook front end.
- [ProbabilityDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProbabilityDistribution.en.md): ProbabilityDistribution[pdf, {x, xmin, xmax}] represents the continuous distribution with PDF pdf in the variable x where the pdf is taken to be zero for x < xmin and x > xmax. ProbabilityDistribution[pdf, {x, xmin, xmax, 1}] represents the discrete distribution with PDF pdf in the variable x where the pdf is taken to be zero for x < xmin and x > xmax. ProbabilityDistribution[pdf, {x, ...}, {y, ...}, \\ ...] represents a multivariate distribution with PDF pdf in the variables x, y, ...
- [Probability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Probability.en.md): Probability[pred, x \\[Distributed] dist] gives the probability for an event that satisfies the predicate pred under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution dist. Probability[pred, x \\[Distributed] data] gives the probability for an event that satisfies the predicate pred under the assumption that x follows the probability distribution given by data. Probability[pred, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist] gives the probability that an event satisfies pred under the assumption ...
- [ProbabilityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProbabilityPlot.en.md): ProbabilityPlot[list] generates a plot of the CDF of list against the CDF of a normal distribution. ProbabilityPlot[dist] generates a plot of the CDF of the distribution dist against the CDF of a normal distribution. ProbabilityPlot[data, rdata] generates a plot of the CDF of data against the CDF of rdata. ProbabilityPlot[data, rdist] generates a plot of the CDF of data against the CDF of symbolic distribution rdist. ProbabilityPlot[{data1, data2, ...}, ref] generates a plot of the CDF of ...
- [ProbabilityScalePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProbabilityScalePlot.en.md): ProbabilityScalePlot[{x1, x2, ...}] generates a normal probability plot of the samples xi. ProbabilityScalePlot[{x1, x2, ...},  dist] generates a probability plot scaled for the distribution  dist. ProbabilityScalePlot[{data1, data2, ...},  dist] generates several scaled probability plots for data1, data2, ....
- [ProbitModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProbitModelFit.en.md): ProbitModelFit[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, {f1, f2, ...}, x] constructs a binomial probit regression model of the form 1/2 (1 + erf((\\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + \\[CenterEllipsis])/ Sqrt[2])) that fits the yi for each xi. ProbitModelFit[data, {f1, f2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] constructs a binomial probit regression model of the form 1/2 (1 + erf((\\[Beta]0 + \\[Beta]1 f1 + \\[Beta]2 f2 + \\[CenterEllipsis])/ Sqrt[2])) where the fi depend on the variables xk. ProbitModelFit[{m, v}] ...
- [ProcessConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessConnection.en.md): ProcessConnection[proc,  stream] returns the stream object for a given stream.
- [ProcessDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessDirectory.en.md): ProcessDirectory is an option specifying the initial working directory to use when executing a process in functions like StartProcess and RunProcess.
- [ProcessEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessEnvironment.en.md): ProcessEnvironment is an option specifying the initial settings of environment variables to use when executing a process in functions like StartProcess and RunProcess.
- [Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Processes.en.md): Processes[] returns a list of currently running external processes started in this Wolfram Language session.
- [ProcessEstimator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessEstimator.en.md): ProcessEstimator is an option to EstimatedProcess and FindProcessParameters that specifies what process parameter estimator to use.
- [ProcessInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessInformation.en.md): ProcessInformation[proc] gives information about an external process proc. ProcessInformation[proc,  prop] gives information about the property  prop.
- [ProcessObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessObject.en.md): ProcessObject[...] is an object that represents a runnable external process. ProcessObject[pid] represents the running external process with PID pid on your computer system.
- [ProcessParameterAssumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessParameterAssumptions.en.md): ProcessParameterAssumptions[proc] gives a logical expression for assumptions on parameters in the random process proc.
- [ProcessParameterQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessParameterQ.en.md): ProcessParameterQ[proc] yields True if proc is a valid random process, and yields False otherwise.
- [ProcessStatus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProcessStatus.en.md): ProcessStatus[proc] gives the current status of the external process represented by the ProcessObject proc. ProcessStatus[proc,  status] returns True if the process has the status given and returns False otherwise.
- [ProductDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProductDistribution.en.md): ProductDistribution[dist1, dist2, ...] represents the joint distribution with independent component distributions dist1, dist2, ....
- [Product](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Product.en.md): Product[f, {i, imax}] evaluates the product \\[Product]i = 1 imax f. Product[f, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. Product[f, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. Product[f, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses successive values i1, i2, .... Product[f, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] evaluates the multiple product \\[Product]i = imin imax \\[Product]j = jmin jmax ... f. Product[f, i] gives the indefinite product ∏_i f.
- [ProductLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProductLog.en.md): ProductLog[z] gives the principal solution for w in z == w e^w. ProductLog[k, z] gives the k^th solution.
- [ProgressIndicator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProgressIndicator.en.md): ProgressIndicator[x] represents a progress indicator with setting x in the range 0 to 1. ProgressIndicator[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x. ProgressIndicator[x, {xmin, xmax}] represents a progress indicator with range xmin to xmax. ProgressIndicator[x, Indeterminate] represents a progress indicator with indeterminate range.
- [ProgressReporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProgressReporting.en.md): ProgressReporting is an option for various algorithmic functions that specifies whether to report the progress of the computation.
- [Projection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Projection.en.md): Projection[u, v] finds the projection of the vector u onto the vector v. Projection[u, {v1, v2, ...}] finds the projection of u onto the subspace spanned by the vectors vi. Projection[u, v, f] finds projections with respect to the inner product function f.
- [Prolog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Prolog.en.md): Prolog is an option for graphics functions which gives a list of graphics primitives to be rendered before the main part of the graphics is rendered.
- [ProofObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProofObject.en.md): ProofObject[...] represents a proof object generated by FindEquationalProof.
- [PropagateAborts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PropagateAborts.en.md): PropagateAborts is an option to CheckAbort to control whether a handled abort propagates to the enclosing function.
- [Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Properties.en.md): As of Version 12.1, Properties has been superseded by AnnotationRules.
- [Property](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Property.en.md): As of Version 12.1, Property has been superseded by Annotation.
- [PropertyList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PropertyList.en.md): As of Version 12.1, PropertyList has been superseded by AnnotationKeys.
- [PropertyValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PropertyValue.en.md): As of Version 12.1, PropertyValue has been superseded by AnnotationValue.
- [Proportional](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Proportional.en.md): Proportional[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Proportional] y \\[Proportional] ....
- [Proportion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Proportion.en.md): Proportion[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Proportion] y \\[Proportion] ....
- [Protected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Protected.en.md): Protected is an attribute that prevents any values associated with a symbol from being modified.
- [Protect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Protect.en.md): Protect[s1, s2, ...] sets the attribute Protected for the symbols si. Protect[patt1, patt2, ...] protects all symbols whose names textually match any of the arbitrary string patterns patti. Protect[{spec1, spec2, ...}] protects any symbols that are equal to or whose names match any of the speci.
- [ProteinData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProteinData.en.md): ProteinData[entity] gives the reference amino acid sequence for the protein entity. ProteinData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the protein entity. ProteinData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Pruning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pruning.en.md): Pruning[image] removes the outermost branches of thin objects in image by setting their values to black. Pruning[image, n] removes branches that are at most n pixels long. Pruning[image, {n}] removes n pixels from each branch. Pruning[image, n, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [PseudoInverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PseudoInverse.en.md): PseudoInverse[m] finds the pseudoinverse of a rectangular matrix.
- [PsychrometricPropertyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PsychrometricPropertyData.en.md): PsychrometricPropertyData[spec] returns the psychrometric properties of moist air for the specified parameters. PsychrometricPropertyData[spec, property] returns the specified property for the given parameters.
- [PublicKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PublicKey.en.md): PublicKey[assoc] represents the public part of a key pair for a public-key cryptographic system. PublicKey[PrivateKey[...]] creates a matching public key for the given private key.
- [PublisherID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PublisherID.en.md): PublisherID is an option for ResourceSubmit that specifies the ID used to submit a resource for publication in the resource system.
- [PulsarData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PulsarData.en.md): PulsarData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the pulsar entity. PulsarData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified pulsar entities. PulsarData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [PunctuationCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PunctuationCharacter.en.md): PunctuationCharacter represents a punctuation character in StringExpression.
- [Purple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Purple.en.md): Purple represents the color purple in graphics or style specifications.
- [PutAppend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PutAppend.en.md): expr >>> filename appends expr to a file. PutAppend[expr1, expr2, ...,  filename] appends a sequence of expressions expri to a file.
- [Put](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Put.en.md): expr >> filename writes expr to a file. Put[expr1, expr2, ...,  filename] writes a sequence of expressions expri to a file. Put[filename] creates an empty file with the specified name.
- [Pyramid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pyramid.en.md): Pyramid[{p1, ..., p5}] represents a filled pyramid with base {p1, ..., p4} and top p5.
- [QBinomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QBinomial.en.md): QBinomial[n, m, q] gives the q-binomial coefficient ... q.
- [QFactorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QFactorial.en.md): QFactorial[n, q] gives the q-factorial [n] q!.
- [QGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QGamma.en.md): QGamma[z, q] gives the q-gamma function \\[CapitalGamma]q (z).
- [QHypergeometricPFQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QHypergeometricPFQ.en.md): QHypergeometricPFQ[{a1, ..., ar}, {b1, ..., bs}, q, z] gives the basic hypergeometric series r \\[Phi]s (a; b; q; z).
- [QnDispersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QnDispersion.en.md): QnDispersion[list] gives the Qn statistic of the elements in list. QnDispersion[list, c] gives the Qn statistic with a scaling factor c.
- [QPochhammer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QPochhammer.en.md): QPochhammer[a, q, n] gives the q-Pochhammer symbol QPochhammer[a,q,n]. QPochhammer[a, q] gives the q-Pochhammer symbol a. QPochhammer[q] gives the q-Pochhammer symbol QPochhammer[q].
- [QPolyGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QPolyGamma.en.md): QPolyGamma[z, q] gives the q-digamma function z. QPolyGamma[n, z, q] gives the n^th derivative of the q-digamma function QPolyGamma[n, z, q].
- [QRDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QRDecomposition.en.md): QRDecomposition[m] yields the QR decomposition as the pair {q, r}, where q is a unitary matrix and r is an upper-triangular matrix. QRDecomposition[m, Full] returns the full QR decomposition even when m is not square.
- [QuadraticIrrationalQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuadraticIrrationalQ.en.md): QuadraticIrrationalQ[x] gives True if x is a quadratic irrational and False otherwise.
- [QuadraticOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuadraticOptimization.en.md): QuadraticOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the quadratic objective f subject to linear constraints cons. QuadraticOptimization[{q, c}, {a, b}] finds a vector x that minimizes the quadratic objective 1/2 x . q . x + c . x subject to the linear inequality constraints a . x + b \\[SucceedsEqual] 0. QuadraticOptimization[{q, c}, {a, b}, {aeq, beq}] includes the linear equality constraints aeq . x + beq == 0. QuadraticOptimization[{q, c}, ..., {dom1, dom2, ...
- [Quantile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quantile.en.md): Quantile[data, p] gives the estimate of the p^th quantile OverscriptBox[q, ^] p of data. Quantile[data, {p1, p2, ...}] gives a list of quantiles p1, p2, .... Quantile[data, p, {{a, b}, {c, d}}] uses the quantile definition specified by parameters a, b, c, d. Quantile[dist, p] gives a quantile of the distribution dist.
- [QuantilePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantilePlot.en.md): QuantilePlot[list] generates a plot of quantiles of list against the quantiles of a normal distribution. QuantilePlot[dist] generates a plot of quantiles of the distribution dist against the quantiles of a normal distribution. QuantilePlot[data, rdata] generates a plot of the quantiles of data against the quantiles of rdata. QuantilePlot[data, rdist] generates a plot of the quantiles of data against the quantiles of a symbolic distribution rdist. QuantilePlot[{data1, data2, ...}, ref] ...
- [QuantityArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityArray.en.md): QuantityArray[mags, unit] represents an array of quantities with magnitudes mags and common unit. QuantityArray[mags, {unit1, unit2, ...}] represents an array of lists of quantities with units {unit1, unit2, ...}. QuantityArray[quants] converts an array of Quantity objects into a single QuantityArray object.
- [QuantityDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityDistribution.en.md): QuantityDistribution[dist, unit] represents a distribution dist of quantities with unit specified by unit. QuantityDistribution[dist, {unit1, unit2, ...}] represents a multivariate distribution with units {unit1, unit2, ...}.
- [Quantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quantity.en.md): Quantity[magnitude, unit] represents a quantity with size magnitude and unit specified by unit. Quantity[unit] assumes the magnitude of the specified unit to be 1.
- [QuantityForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityForm.en.md): QuantityForm[expr, form] prints expr with all Quantity expressions using the specified unit display form form. QuantityForm[expr, {forms}] prints expr using the appropriate combination of the specified unit display forms forms.
- [QuantityMagnitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityMagnitude.en.md): QuantityMagnitude[quantity] gives the amount of the specified quantity. QuantityMagnitude[quantity, unit] gives the value corresponding to quantity when converted to unit.
- [QuantityQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityQ.en.md): QuantityQ[expr] gives True if expr is a Quantity with valid arguments, and False otherwise. QuantityQ[expr, dims] gives True if expr is a Quantity with physical dimensions dims, and False otherwise.
- [QuantityUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityUnit.en.md): QuantityUnit[quantity] returns the unit associated with the specified quantity.
- [QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit.en.md): QuantityVariableCanonicalUnit[quantityvariable] returns the canonical unit associated with the specified quantityvariable.
- [QuantityVariableDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityVariableDimensions.en.md): QuantityVariableDimensions[quantityvariable] returns a list of base dimensions associated with the specified quantityvariable.
- [QuantityVariable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityVariable.en.md): QuantityVariable[var,  pq] represents a variable with the label var and the corresponding physical quantity  pq. QuantityVariable[pq] represents the unlabeled physical quantity  pq.
- [QuantityVariableIdentifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityVariableIdentifier.en.md): QuantityVariableIdentifier[quantityvariable] returns the identifier associated with the specified quantityvariable.
- [QuantityVariablePhysicalQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuantityVariablePhysicalQuantity.en.md): QuantityVariablePhysicalQuantity[var] returns the physical quantity associated with the quantity variable var. QuantityVariablePhysicalQuantity[var, type] returns the physical quantity using the format type.
- [Quartics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quartics.en.md): Quartics is an option for functions that involve solving algebraic equations that specifies whether explicit forms for solutions to quartic equations should be given.
- [QuartileDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuartileDeviation.en.md): QuartileDeviation[data] gives the quartile deviation or semi-interquartile range of the elements in data. QuartileDeviation[data, {{a, b}, {c, d}}] uses the quantile definition specified by parameters a, b, c, d. QuartileDeviation[dist] gives the quartile deviation or semi-interquartile range of the distribution dist.
- [Quartiles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quartiles.en.md): Quartiles[data] gives the { OverscriptBox[q, ^] 1/4, OverscriptBox[q, ^] 2/4, OverscriptBox[q, ^] 3/4} quantile estimates of the elements in data. Quartiles[data, {{a, b}, {c, d}}] uses the quantile definition specified by parameters a, b, c, d. Quartiles[dist] gives the {q 1/4, q 2/4, q 3/4} quantiles of the distribution dist.
- [QuartileSkewness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuartileSkewness.en.md): QuartileSkewness[data] gives the coefficient of quartile skewness for the elements in list. QuartileSkewness[data, {{a, b}, {c, d}}] uses the quantile definition specified by parameters a, b, c, d. QuartileSkewness[dist] gives the coefficient of quartile skewness for the distribution dist.
- [Query](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Query.en.md): Query[operator1, operator2, ...] represents a query that can be applied to a Dataset object, in which the successive operatori are applied at successively deeper levels.
- [QuestionGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuestionGenerator.en.md): QuestionGenerator[<|SubscriptBox[name, 1] :> val1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] :> val2, ...|>, genfunc] represents a QuestionObject generated by applying genfunc to <|SubscriptBox[name, 1] :> val1, SubscriptBox[name, 1] :> val2, ...|>. QuestionGenerator[CloudObject[...]] represents a cloud-deployed question generator.
- [QuestionInterface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuestionInterface.en.md): QuestionInterface[type, <|p1 -> s1, p2 -> s2, ...|>] defines an interface for a QuestionObject using the given type and properties pi with settings si.
- [QuestionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuestionObject.en.md): QuestionObject[q, assess] represents the question q and the corresponding assessment assess. QuestionObject[assess] derives a question from the assessment.          AssessmentFunction[{-2 -> Association[Score -> 1], 0 -> Association[Score -> 0], 
- [QuestionSelector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuestionSelector.en.md): QuestionSelector[{qo1, qo2, ...}] represents a list of questions from which one of the question objects qoi can be randomly selected. QuestionSelector[CloudObject[...]] represents a cloud-deployed question selector.
- [QueueingNetworkProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QueueingNetworkProcess.en.md): QueueingNetworkProcess[\\[Gamma], r, \\[Mu], c] represents an open (Jackson) queueing network process with arrival vector \\[Gamma], routing probability matrix r, service vector \\[Mu], and service channel vector c. QueueingNetworkProcess[\\[Gamma], r, \\[Mu], c, k] represents a closed (Gordon-Newell) queueing network process with k jobs in the system.
- [QueueingProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QueueingProcess.en.md): QueueingProcess[\\[Lambda], \\[Mu]] represents an M/M/1 queue with arrival rate \\[Lambda] and service rate \\[Mu]. QueueingProcess[\\[Lambda], sdist] represents an M/G/1 queue with arrival rate \\[Lambda] and service distribution sdist. QueueingProcess[adist, \\[Mu]] represents a G/M/1 queue with arrival distribution adist and service rate \\[Mu]. QueueingProcess[adist, sdist] represents a G/G/1 queue with arrival distribution adist and service distribution sdist. QueueingProcess[..., c] ...
- [QueueProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QueueProperties.en.md): QueueProperties[qproc] gives a summary of properties for the queueing process qproc. QueueProperties[{qproc, i}] gives a summary of properties for the i^th node in the queueing network process qproc. QueueProperties[data] gives a summary of properties for queueing simulation data. QueueProperties[...,  property] gives the specified  property.
- [QuietEcho](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuietEcho.en.md): QuietEcho[expr] evaluates expr without letting Echo and related functions inside expr print any result.
- [Quiet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quiet.en.md): Quiet[expr] evaluates expr quietly, without actually outputting any messages generated. Quiet[expr, {s1::t1, s2::t2, ...}] quietens only the specified messages during the evaluation of expr. Quiet[expr,  name] quietens only the named group of messages.
- [Quit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quit.en.md): Quit[] terminates a Wolfram Language kernel session.
- [Quotient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quotient.en.md): Quotient[m, n] gives the integer quotient of m and n. Quotient[m, n, d] uses an offset d.
- [QuotientRemainder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuotientRemainder.en.md): QuotientRemainder[m, n] gives a list of the quotient and remainder from division of m by n.
- [RadialAxisPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadialAxisPlot.en.md): RadialAxisPlot[{y1, y2, ..., yn}] generates a radial axis plot where the yi are displayed on radial axes equally spaced around the origin. RadialAxisPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots several datasets datai on the axes.
- [RadialGradientFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadialGradientFilling.en.md): RadialGradientFilling[{col1, col2, ..., coln}] is a two-dimensional graphics directive specifying that faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects are to be drawn using concentric circles of colors coli. RadialGradientFilling[{r1, r2, ..., rn} -> {col1, col2, ..., coln}] uses the colors coli at radii ri. RadialGradientFilling[{r 1, r 2, ..., r n} -> {col 1, col 2, ..., col n}, {x, y}] radiates from the center point {x, y}. RadialGradientFilling[{r 1, r 2, ..., r n} -> {col 1, ...
- [RadialGradientImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadialGradientImage.en.md): RadialGradientImage[gcol] returns an image with values radially changing from center to corners based on gradient color gcol. RadialGradientImage[{pos1, pos2} -> gcol] returns an image where the gradient starts at pos1 and ends at pos2. RadialGradientImage[..., size] returns a radial gradient image of the specified size. RadialGradientImage[..., size, type] gives an image converted to the specified type.
- [RadialityCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadialityCentrality.en.md): RadialityCentrality[g] gives a list of radiality centralities for the vertices in the graph g. RadialityCentrality[g, In] gives a list of in-centralities for a directed graph g. RadialityCentrality[g, Out] gives a list of out-centralities for a directed graph g. RadialityCentrality[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [RadicalBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadicalBox.en.md): RadicalBox[x, n] is a low-level box construct that represents the displayed object Power[x, (n)^-1] in notebook expressions.
- [RadicalBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadicalBoxOptions.en.md): RadicalBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for RadicalBox objects.
- [RadioButtonBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadioButtonBar.en.md): RadioButtonBar[x, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a radio button bar with setting x and with labeled radio buttons for values vali. RadioButtonBar[Dynamic[x], {val1, val2, ...}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset every time a radio button is pressed. RadioButtonBar[x, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] represents a radio button bar in which the radio button giving value vali is given label lbli.
- [RadioButton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadioButton.en.md): RadioButton[x, val] represents a radio button whose setting x is set to val when the button is clicked. RadioButton[x, val] is displayed as ... when x is val, and as ... otherwise. RadioButton[Dynamic[x], val] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if the button is clicked.
- [Radon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Radon.en.md): Radon[image] gives an image representing the discrete Radon transform of image. Radon[image, {w, h}] specifies the width w and the height h of the resulting image. Radon[image, {w, h}, {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2}] computes the Radon transform only for angles from \\[Theta]1 to \\[Theta]2.
- [RadonTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadonTransform.en.md): RadonTransform[expr, {x, y}, {p, \\[Phi]}] gives the Radon transform of expr.
- [RamanujanTau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RamanujanTau.en.md): RamanujanTau[n] gives the Ramanujan \\[Tau] function \\[Tau] (n).
- [RamanujanTauL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RamanujanTauL.en.md): RamanujanTauL[s] gives the Ramanujan tau Dirichlet L-function L (s).
- [RamanujanTauTheta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RamanujanTauTheta.en.md): RamanujanTauTheta[t] gives the Ramanujan tau theta function \\[Theta] (t).
- [RamanujanTauZ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RamanujanTauZ.en.md): RamanujanTauZ[t] gives the Ramanujan tau Z-function Z (t).
- [Ramp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ramp.en.md): Ramp[x] gives x if x >= 0 and 0 otherwise.
- [RandomArrayLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomArrayLayer.en.md): RandomArrayLayer[dist] represents a net layer that has no input and produces a random array from the univariate distribution dist. RandomArrayLayer[dfunc] uses the univariate distribution dfunc[input] for each input value.
- [RandomChoice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomChoice.en.md): RandomChoice[{e1, e2, ...}] gives a pseudorandom choice of one of the ei. RandomChoice[list, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom choices. RandomChoice[list, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n1*n2*... array of pseudorandom choices. RandomChoice[{w1, w2, ...} -> {e1, e2, ...}] gives a pseudorandom choice weighted by the wi. RandomChoice[wlist -> elist, n] gives a list of n weighted choices. RandomChoice[wlist -> elist, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n1*n2*... array of weighted choices.
- [RandomColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomColor.en.md): RandomColor[] gives a pseudorandom color directive in the RGBColor space. RandomColor[n] gives n pseudorandom colors. RandomColor[model] gives a color from the specified model. RandomColor[model, n] gives n colors. RandomColor[model, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an array of colors.
- [RandomComplex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomComplex.en.md): RandomComplex[] gives a pseudorandom complex number with real and imaginary parts in the range 0 to 1. RandomComplex[{zmin, zmax}] gives a pseudorandom complex number in the rectangle with corners given by the complex numbers zmin and zmax. RandomComplex[zmax] gives a pseudorandom complex number in the rectangle whose corners are the origin and zmax. RandomComplex[range, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom complex numbers. RandomComplex[range, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n1*n2*... array of ...
- [RandomDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomDate.en.md): RandomDate[] gives a pseudorandom date in the current calendar year. RandomDate[{datemin, datemax}] gives a pseudorandom date between the dates date min and date max. RandomDate[date] gives a pseudorandom date between the start and end of the calendar period date. RandomDate[quantity] gives a pseudorandom date between now and the time quantity duration from now. RandomDate[range, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom dates.
- [Random](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Random.en.md): As of Version 6.0, Random has been superseded by the functions RandomReal and RandomInteger.
- [RandomEntity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomEntity.en.md): RandomEntity[spec] gives a pseudorandom entity with a type determined by the specification spec. RandomEntity[spec, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom entities.
- [RandomFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomFunction.en.md): RandomFunction[proc, {tmin, tmax}] generates a pseudorandom function from the process proc from tmin to tmax. RandomFunction[proc, {tmin, tmax, dt}] generates a pseudorandom function from tmin to tmax in steps of dt. RandomFunction[proc, ..., n] generates an ensemble of n pseudorandom functions.
- [RandomGeneratorState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomGeneratorState.en.md): RandomGeneratorState[...] gives a representation of the internal state of a pseudorandom generator.
- [RandomGeoPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomGeoPosition.en.md): RandomGeoPosition[] gives a pseudorandom geo position uniformly distributed on the surface of the Earth. RandomGeoPosition[{{latmin, lonmin}, {latmax, lonmax}}] gives a pseudorandom geo position uniformly distributed in the given geo bounding box. RandomGeoPosition[g] gives a pseudorandom geo position uniformly distributed in the geo region g. RandomGeoPosition[g, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom geo positions uniformly distributed in the geo region g. RandomGeoPosition[g, {n1, n2, ...}] ...
- [RandomGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomGraph.en.md): RandomGraph[{n, m}] gives a pseudorandom graph with n vertices and m edges. RandomGraph[{n, m}, k] gives a list of k pseudorandom graphs. RandomGraph[gdist, ...] samples from the random graph distribution gdist.
- [RandomImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomImage.en.md): RandomImage[max] gives an image with pseudorandom pixel values in the range 0 to max. RandomImage[{min, max}] generates pseudorandom pixel values in the range min to max. RandomImage[dist] generates pixel values using a symbolic distribution dist. RandomImage[..., size] generates a random image of the specified size. RandomImage[..., size,  type] gives an image converted to the specified type.
- [RandomInstance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomInstance.en.md): RandomInstance[expr] finds a random instance of an expression such as a geometric scene or biomolecular sequence. RandomInstance[expr, n] finds n instances.
- [RandomInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomInteger.en.md): RandomInteger[{imin, imax}] gives a pseudorandom integer in the range {imin, imax}. RandomInteger[imax] gives a pseudorandom integer in the range {0, TraditionalForm\\`..., imax}. RandomInteger[] pseudorandomly gives 0 or 1. RandomInteger[range, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom integers. RandomInteger[range, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n1*n2*... array of pseudorandom integers.
- [RandomPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomPermutation.en.md): RandomPermutation[gr] gives a pseudorandom permutation in the permutation group gr. RandomPermutation[gr, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom permutations in the permutation group gr.
- [RandomPointConfiguration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomPointConfiguration.en.md): RandomPointConfiguration[pproc, reg] generates a pseudorandom spatial point configuration from the spatial point process pproc in the observation region reg. RandomPointConfiguration[pproc, reg, n] generates an ensemble of n spatial point configurations.
- [RandomPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomPoint.en.md): RandomPoint[reg] gives a pseudorandom point uniformly distributed in the region reg. RandomPoint[reg, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom points uniformly distributed in the region reg. RandomPoint[reg, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n 1* n 2*... array of pseudorandom points. RandomPoint[reg, ..., {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] restricts to the bounds [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis].
- [RandomPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomPolygon.en.md): RandomPolygon[n] gives a pseudorandom simple polygon with n vertex points. RandomPolygon[spec] gives a pseudorandom polygon with the specified specification spec. RandomPolygon[spec, k] gives a list of k pseudorandom polygons. RandomPolygon[d -> spec, ...] gives a pseudorandom polygon in dimension d.
- [RandomPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomPolyhedron.en.md): RandomPolyhedron[spec] gives a pseudorandom polyhedron with the specified specification spec. RandomPolyhedron[spec, k] gives a list of k pseudorandom polyhedra.
- [RandomPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomPrime.en.md): RandomPrime[{imin, imax}] gives a pseudorandom prime number in the range imin to imax. RandomPrime[imax] gives a pseudorandom prime number in the range 2 to imax. RandomPrime[range, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom primes.
- [RandomReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomReal.en.md): RandomReal[] gives a pseudorandom real number in the range 0 to 1. RandomReal[{xmin, xmax}] gives a pseudorandom real number in the range xmin to xmax. RandomReal[xmax] gives a pseudorandom real number in the range 0 to xmax. RandomReal[range, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom reals. RandomReal[range, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n1*n2*... array of pseudorandom reals.
- [RandomSample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomSample.en.md): RandomSample[{e1, e2, ...}, n] gives a pseudorandom sample of n of the ei. RandomSample[{w1, w2, ...} -> {e1, e2, ...}, n] gives a pseudorandom sample of n of the ei chosen using weights wi. RandomSample[{e1, e2, ...}] gives a pseudorandom permutation of the ei.
- [RandomSeeding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomSeeding.en.md): RandomSeeding is an option that specifies what seeding of pseudorandom generators should be done inside the operation of a function.
- [RandomTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomTime.en.md): RandomTime[] gives a pseudorandom time of day. RandomTime[{timemin, timemax}] gives a pseudorandom time between the times time min and time max. RandomTime[time] gives a pseudorandom times between the start and end of the time period time. RandomTime[quantity] gives a pseudorandom time between now and the time quantity duration from now. RandomTime[range, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom times.
- [RandomTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomTree.en.md): RandomTree[n] gives a pseudorandom tree with n nodes. RandomTree[n, k] gives a list of k pseudorandom trees. RandomTree[n, {k1, k2, ...}] gives a k1* k2*... array of trees. RandomTree[{e1, ..., en}, ...] gives trees with nodes containing the expressions ei.
- [RandomVariate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomVariate.en.md): RandomVariate[dist] gives a pseudorandom variate from the symbolic distribution dist. RandomVariate[dist, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom variates from the symbolic distribution dist. RandomVariate[dist, {n1, n2, ...}] gives an n 1* n 2*... array of pseudorandom variates from the symbolic distribution dist.
- [RandomWalkProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomWalkProcess.en.md): RandomWalkProcess[p] represents a random walk on a line with the probability of a positive unit step p and the probability of a negative unit step 1 - p. RandomWalkProcess[p, q] represents a random walk with the probability of a positive unit step p, the probability of a negative unit step q, and the probability of a zero step 1 - p - q.
- [RandomWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RandomWord.en.md): RandomWord[] gives a pseudorandom commonly used word. RandomWord[n] gives a list of n pseudorandom words. RandomWord[type] gives a pseudorandom word of the specified type. RandomWord[type, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom words of the specified type.
- [Range](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Range.en.md): Range[imax] generates the list {1, 2, ..., imax}. Range[imin, imax] generates the list {imin, ..., imax}. Range[imin, imax, di] uses step di.
- [RangeFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RangeFilter.en.md): RangeFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the difference of the maximum and minimum in its range-r neighborhood. RangeFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [RangeSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RangeSpace.en.md): RangeSpace[a] gives a minimal list of vectors that form a basis for the range space of the matrix a.
- [RankDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RankDecomposition.en.md): RankDecomposition[m] gives the rank decomposition of the matrix m as a pair {c, f} such that m == c . f.
- [RankedMax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RankedMax.en.md): RankedMax[list, n] gives the n^th largest element in list. RankedMax[list, -n] gives the n^th smallest element in list.
- [RankedMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RankedMin.en.md): RankedMin[list, n] gives the n^th smallest element in list. RankedMin[list, -n] gives the n^th largest element in list.
- [RarerProbability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RarerProbability.en.md): RarerProbability[dist, example] computes the probability for distribution dist to generate a sample that has a lower or equal PDF than example. RarerProbability[dist, {ex1, ex2, ...}] computes the rarer probability for each exi.
- [Raster3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Raster3D.en.md): Raster3D[{{{a11, a12, ...}, ...}, ...}] is a three-dimensional graphics primitive that represents a cubical array of gray cells. Raster3D[{{{{r11, g11, b11}, ...}, ...}, ...}] represents an array of RGB color cells. Raster3D[{{{{r11, g11, b11, \\[Alpha]11}, ...}, ...}, ...}] represents an array of color cells with opacity \\[Alpha]ij. Raster3D[array, {{xmin, ymin, zmin}, {xmax, ymax, zmax}}] represents a three-dimensional graphics primitive by giving the coordinates of opposite corners. ...
- [RasterArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RasterArray.en.md): As of Version 6.0, RasterArray has been superseded by new capabilities in Raster.
- [Raster](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Raster.en.md): Raster[{{a11, a12, ...}, ...}] is a two-dimensional graphics primitive which represents a rectangular array of gray cells. Raster[{{{r11, g11, b11}, ...}, ...}] represents an array of RGB color cells. Raster[{{{r11, g11, b11, \\[Alpha]11}, ...}, ...}] represents an array of color cells with opacity \\[Alpha]ij. Raster[{{{a11, \\[Alpha]11}, ...}, ...}] represents an array of gray cells with the specified opacities.
- [Rasterize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rasterize.en.md): Rasterize[expr] returns a rasterized version of the displayed form of expr. Rasterize[expr, elem] gives the element elem associated with the rasterized form of expr. Rasterize[expr, {elem1, elem2, ...}] gives a list of the specified elemi.
- [RasterSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RasterSize.en.md): RasterSize is an option for Rasterize and related functions that determines the absolute pixel size of the raster generated.
- [Rational](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rational.en.md): Rational is the head used for rational numbers.
- [RationalExpressionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RationalExpressionQ.en.md): RationalExpressionQ[expr, x] gives True if expr is structurally a rational expression in x, and False otherwise. RationalExpressionQ[expr, {x, y, ...}] gives True if expr is structurally a rational expression in x, y, ..., and False otherwise. RationalExpressionQ[expr, {x, y, ...}, test] gives True if expr is structurally a rational expression in x, y, ... with coefficients satisfying test, and False otherwise.
- [Rationalize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rationalize.en.md): Rationalize[x] converts an approximate number x to a nearby rational with small denominator. Rationalize[x, dx] yields the rational number with smallest denominator that lies within dx of x.
- [Rationals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rationals.en.md): Rationals represents the domain of rational numbers, as in x \\[Element] Rationals.
- [Ratios](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ratios.en.md): Ratios[list] gives the successive ratios of elements in list. Ratios[list, n] gives the n^th iterated ratios of list. Ratios[list, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the successive nk^th ratios at level k in a nested list.
- [RawBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawBoxes.en.md): RawBoxes[boxes] is a low-level construct which is formatted as boxes without further interpretation.
- [RawData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawData.en.md): RawData[data] is a low-level representation of the contents of a cell in which Show Cell Expression has been toggled.
- [RawMemoryAllocate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawMemoryAllocate.en.md): RawMemoryAllocate[type] allocates enough raw memory to store a binary representation of the specified type. RawMemoryAllocate[type, len] allocates memory for len objects.
- [RawMemoryExport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawMemoryExport.en.md): RawMemoryExport[expr] exports a raw memory representation of expr. RawMemoryExport[expr, type] uses the specified element type when returning an array.
- [RawMemoryFree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawMemoryFree.en.md): RawMemoryFree[ptr] frees the raw memory at a pointer ptr.
- [RawMemoryImport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawMemoryImport.en.md): RawMemoryImport[ptr, format] imports raw memory from the pointer ptr with the specified format. RawMemoryImport[format] represents an operator form of RawMemoryImport that can be applied to an expression.
- [RawMemoryRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawMemoryRead.en.md): RawMemoryRead[ptr] reads raw memory from the pointer ptr. RawMemoryRead[ptr, offset] reads from an offset pointer.
- [RawMemoryWrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawMemoryWrite.en.md): RawMemoryWrite[ptr, val] writes a binary representation of val to the raw memory at the pointer ptr. RawMemoryWrite[ptr, val, offset] writes to an offset pointer.
- [RawPointer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RawPointer.en.md): RawPointer[addr, type] represents a raw pointer to the specified type at the memory address addr.
- [RayleighDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RayleighDistribution.en.md): RayleighDistribution[\\[Sigma]] represents the Rayleigh distribution with scale parameter \\[Sigma].
- [ReactionBalancedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReactionBalancedQ.en.md): ReactionBalancedQ[rxn] returns True if the given chemical reaction is balanced, and False otherwise.
- [ReactionBalance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReactionBalance.en.md): ReactionBalance[rxn] returns a version of the reaction rxn in which the stoichiometric coefficients for elements in the reactants and products are balanced.
- [ReactionPDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReactionPDETerm.en.md): ReactionPDETerm[vars, a] represents a reaction term a u with reaction coefficient a and with model variables vars. ReactionPDETerm[{u, {x1, ..., xn}}, a, pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [ReadByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReadByteArray.en.md): ReadByteArray[src] gives the contents of src as a ByteArray object. ReadByteArray[src, n] reads the first n bytes from src. ReadByteArray[src, term] reads until the termination condition term is satisfied.
- [Read](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Read.en.md): Read[stream] reads one expression from an input stream and returns the expression. Read[stream, type] reads one object of the specified type. Read[stream, {type1, type2, ...}] reads a sequence of objects of the specified types.
- [ReadLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReadLine.en.md): ReadLine[file] reads a line of text from a file and returns it as a string. ReadLine[stream] reads a line of text from a stream and returns it as a string. ReadLine[proc] reads a line of text generated by an external process and returns it as a string.
- [ReadList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReadList.en.md): ReadList[file] reads all the remaining expressions in a file and returns a list of them. ReadList[file, type] reads objects of the specified type from a file, until the end of the file is reached. The list of objects read is returned. ReadList[file, {type1, type2, ...}] reads objects with a sequence of types, until the end of the file is reached. ReadList[file, types, n] reads only the first n objects of the specified types.
- [ReadProtected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReadProtected.en.md): ReadProtected is an attribute that prevents values associated with a symbol from being seen.
- [ReadString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReadString.en.md): ReadString[file] reads the complete contents of a file and returns it as a string. ReadString[stream] reads everything from a stream and returns it as a string. ReadString[proc] reads everything generated by an external process and returns it as a string. ReadString[src, term] reads until the terminator term is encountered.
- [RealAbs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealAbs.en.md): RealAbs[x] gives the absolute value of the real number x.
- [RealBlockDiagonalForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealBlockDiagonalForm.en.md): RealBlockDiagonalForm is an option for SchurDecomposition and related functions which specifies whether 2*2 blocks of real values should be used on matrix diagonals in place of complex values.
- [RealDigits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealDigits.en.md): RealDigits[x] gives a list of the digits in the approximate real number x, together with the number of digits that are to the left of the decimal point. RealDigits[x, b] gives a list of base-b digits in x. RealDigits[x, b, len] gives a list of len digits. RealDigits[x, b, len, n] gives len digits starting with the coefficient of b^n.
- [Real](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Real.en.md): Real is the head used for real (floating-point) numbers.
- [RealExponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealExponent.en.md): RealExponent[x] gives log10 (|x|). RealExponent[x, b] gives logb (|x|).
- [Reals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Reals.en.md): Reals represents the domain of real numbers, as in x \\[Element] Reals.
- [RealSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealSign.en.md): RealSign[x] gives -1, 0 or 1 depending on whether x is negative, zero or positive.
- [RealValuedNumberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealValuedNumberQ.en.md): RealValuedNumberQ[expr] returns True if expr is a number with a real value and False otherwise.
- [RealValuedNumericQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealValuedNumericQ.en.md): RealValuedNumericQ[expr] gives True if expr is a real-valued numeric quantity, and False otherwise.
- [Reap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Reap.en.md): Reap[expr] gives the value of expr together with all expressions to which Sow has been applied during its evaluation. Expressions sown using Sow[e] or Sow[e, tagi] with different tags are given in different lists. Reap[expr, patt] reaps only expressions sown with tags that match patt. Reap[expr, {patt1, patt2, ...}] puts expressions associated with each of the patti in a separate list. Reap[expr, patt, f] returns {expr, {f[tag1, {e11, e12, ...}], ...}}.
- [ReapVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReapVideo.en.md): ReapVideo[expr] gives a video whose frames are the expressions to which SowVideo has been applied during its evaluation.
- [RecalibrationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecalibrationFunction.en.md): RecalibrationFunction is an option for Classify, Predict and related functions that specifies how to post-process model predictions.
- [RecognitionPrior](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecognitionPrior.en.md): RecognitionPrior is an option for recognition functions that specifies the prior probability or class for recognition.
- [RecognitionThreshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecognitionThreshold.en.md): As of Version 12.0, RecognitionThreshold has been superseded by AcceptanceThreshold.
- [ReconstructionMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReconstructionMesh.en.md): ReconstructionMesh[{pt1, pt2, ...}] reconstructs a mesh from a set of points pt1, pt2, ....
- [Record](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Record.en.md): Record represents a record in Read, Find, and related functions.
- [RecordLists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecordLists.en.md): RecordLists is an option for ReadList that specifies whether objects from separate records should be returned in separate sublists.
- [RecordSeparators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecordSeparators.en.md): RecordSeparators is an option for Read, Find, and related functions that specifies the list of strings to be taken as delimiters for records.
- [RectangleChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangleChart3D.en.md): RectangleChart3D[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}] makes a 3D rectangle chart with bars of width xi, depth yi, and height zi. RectangleChart3D[{..., wi[{xi, yi, zi}, ...], ..., wj[{xi, yj, zj}, ...], ...}] makes a 3D rectangle chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. RectangleChart3D[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a 3D rectangle chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [RectangleChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangleChart.en.md): RectangleChart[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] makes a rectangle chart with bars of width xi and height yi. RectangleChart[{..., wi[{xi, yi}, ...], ..., wj[{xi, yj}, ...], ...}] makes a rectangle chart with bar features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. RectangleChart[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a rectangle chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [Rectangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rectangle.en.md): Rectangle[{xmin, ymin}, {xmax, ymax}] represents an axis-aligned filled rectangle from {xmin, ymin} to {xmax, ymax}. Rectangle[{xmin, ymin}] corresponds to a unit square with its bottom-left corner at {xmin, ymin}.
- [RectangularRepeatingElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangularRepeatingElement.en.md): RectangularRepeatingElement[elem] represents a rectangular array of elements of type spec in an interpreter, API or form specification. RectangularRepeatingElement[elem, {maxrows, maxcolumns}] represents a rectangular array of elements of maximum size maxrows*maxcolums. RectangularRepeatingElement[elem, {{minrows, maxrows}, {mincolumns, maxcolumns}}] represents a rectangular array of elements of dimensions between minrows*mincolumns and maxrows*maxcolums.
- [RecurrenceFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecurrenceFilter.en.md): RecurrenceFilter[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]}, x] filters x using a linear recurrence equation with coefficients \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta]. RecurrenceFilter[tf, x] uses a discrete-time filter defined by the TransferFunctionModel tf. RecurrenceFilter[..., x, {y0, y -1, ...}] uses a specified list {y0, y -1, ...} as the initial condition. RecurrenceFilter[..., image] filters image. RecurrenceFilter[..., sound] filters sampled sound object.
- [RecurrenceTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecurrenceTable.en.md): RecurrenceTable[eqns, expr, {n, nmax}] generates a list of values of expr for successive n based on solving the recurrence equations eqns. RecurrenceTable[eqns, expr, nspec] generates a list of values of expr over the range of n values specified by nspec. RecurrenceTable[eqns, expr, {n1, ...}, {n2, ...}, \\ ...] generates an array of values of expr for successive n1, n2, ... .
- [Red](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Red.en.md): Red represents the color red in graphics or style specifications.
- [Reduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Reduce.en.md): Reduce[expr, vars] reduces the statement expr by solving equations or inequalities for vars and eliminating quantifiers. Reduce[expr, vars, dom] does the reduction over the domain dom. Common choices of dom are Reals, Integers, and Complexes.
- [Re](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Re.en.md): Re[z] gives the real part of the complex number z.
- [ReferenceAltitude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReferenceAltitude.en.md): ReferenceAltitude is an option of Sunrise, AstroRiseSet and related functions that specifies how to define the instant of rise or set of an astronomical body or point on the celestial sphere.
- [ReferenceLineStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReferenceLineStyle.en.md): ReferenceLineStyle is an option for QuantilePlot and similar functions that specifies the style used for the reference line.
- [Refine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Refine.en.md): Refine[expr, assum] gives the form of expr that would be obtained if symbols in it were replaced by explicit numerical expressions satisfying the assumptions assum. Refine[expr] uses default assumptions specified by any enclosing Assuming constructs.
- [ReflectionMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReflectionMatrix.en.md): ReflectionMatrix[v] gives the matrix that represents reflection of points in a mirror normal to the vector v.
- [ReflectionTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReflectionTransform.en.md): ReflectionTransform[v] gives a TransformationFunction that represents a reflection in a mirror through the origin, normal to the vector v. ReflectionTransform[v, p] gives a reflection in a mirror through the point p, normal to the vector v.
- [Refresh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Refresh.en.md): Refresh[expr, opts] represents an object whose value in a Dynamic should be refreshed at times specified by the options opts. Refresh[expr, None] specifies that the value of expr should never automatically be refreshed.
- [RefreshRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RefreshRate.en.md): RefreshRate is an option to Animate and related functions which specifies the refresh rate for frames in animations.
- [RegionBinarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionBinarize.en.md): RegionBinarize[image, marker, d] gives a binary version of image that includes the foreground pixels of marker and also connected regions whose pixel values are within a distance d. RegionBinarize[image, marker, d, {t1, t2}] grows regions in marker by adding pixels whose average intensity is also constrained within an interval {t1, t2}.
- [RegionBoundary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionBoundary.en.md): RegionBoundary[reg] represents the boundary of the region reg.
- [RegionBoundaryStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionBoundaryStyle.en.md): RegionBoundaryStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies the boundary style for the region over which the plot is being drawn.
- [RegionBounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionBounds.en.md): RegionBounds[reg] gives the bounds for the region reg. RegionBounds[reg,  type] gives region bounds of the specified  type.
- [RegionCentroid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionCentroid.en.md): RegionCentroid[reg] gives the centroid of the region reg.
- [RegionCongruent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionCongruent.en.md): RegionCongruent[reg1, reg2] tests whether the regions reg1 and reg2 are congruent.
- [RegionConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionConvert.en.md): RegionConvert[reg, form] converts the region representation reg to the specified form.
- [RegionDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionDifference.en.md): RegionDifference[reg1, reg2] gives the difference of the regions reg1 and reg2.
- [RegionDilation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionDilation.en.md): RegionDilation[reg, r] gives the dilation of the region reg by a disk of radius r centered at the origin. RegionDilation[reg1, reg2] gives the dilation of the region reg1 by the region reg2. RegionDilation[reg1, reg2, {u, v}] gives the dilation of reg1 scaled by a factor u and reg2 scaled by a factor v.
- [RegionDimension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionDimension.en.md): RegionDimension[reg] gives the geometric dimension of the region reg.
- [RegionDisjoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionDisjoint.en.md): RegionDisjoint[reg1, reg2] returns True if the regions reg1 and reg2 are disjoint. RegionDisjoint[reg1, reg2, reg3, ...] returns True if the regions reg1, reg2, reg3, ... are pairwise disjoint.
- [RegionDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionDistance.en.md): RegionDistance[reg, p] gives the minimum distance from the point p to the region reg. RegionDistance[reg1, reg2] gives the minimum distance between points in the regions reg1 and reg2. RegionDistance[reg] gives a RegionDistanceFunction[...] that can be applied repeatedly to different points.
- [RegionDistanceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionDistanceFunction.en.md): RegionDistanceFunction[reg, ...] represents a function whose values give the distance from a point to the region reg.
- [RegionEmbeddingDimension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionEmbeddingDimension.en.md): RegionEmbeddingDimension[reg] gives the dimension of the space in which the region reg is embedded.
- [Region](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Region.en.md): Region[reg] represents a geometric region. Region[reg, options] gives a region that uses the specified options.
- [RegionEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionEqual.en.md): RegionEqual[reg1, reg2] returns True if the regions reg1 and reg2 are equal. RegionEqual[reg1, reg2, reg3, ...] returns True if the regions reg1, reg2, reg3, ... are all equal.
- [RegionErosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionErosion.en.md): RegionErosion[reg, r] gives the erosion of the region reg by a disk of radius r centered at the origin. RegionErosion[reg1, reg2] gives the erosion of the region reg1 by the region reg2. RegionErosion[reg1, reg2, {u, v}] gives the erosion of reg1 scaled by a factor u and reg2 scaled by a factor v.
- [RegionFarthestDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionFarthestDistance.en.md): RegionFarthestDistance[reg1, reg2] gives the farthest distance between points in the regions reg1 and reg2.
- [RegionFillingStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionFillingStyle.en.md): RegionFillingStyle is an option for plotting functions that specifies the style for the filled region over which the plot is being drawn.
- [RegionFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionFit.en.md): RegionFit[{p1, p2, ...}, model] finds a geometric region  model that best fits the points p1, p2, .... RegionFit[{p1, p2, ...},  model,  prop] specifies what fit property  prop should be returned.
- [RegionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionFunction.en.md): RegionFunction is an option for plotting functions that specifies the region to include in the plot drawn.
- [RegionGaussianCurvature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionGaussianCurvature.en.md): RegionGaussianCurvature[reg, p] give the Gaussian curvature of the region reg at the point p.
- [RegionHausdorffDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionHausdorffDistance.en.md): RegionHausdorffDistance[reg1, reg2] gives the Hausdorff distance between the regions reg1 and reg2.
- [RegionImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionImage.en.md): RegionImage[reg] returns a rasterized grayscale 2D or 3D image of reg. RegionImage[reg, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] restricts to the bounds [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis].
- [RegionIntersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionIntersection.en.md): RegionIntersection[reg1, reg2, ...] gives the intersection of the regions reg1, reg2, ....
- [RegionMaxCurvature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMaxCurvature.en.md): RegionMaxCurvature[reg, p] gives the maximum curvature of the region reg at the point p.
- [RegionMeanCurvature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMeanCurvature.en.md): RegionMeanCurvature[reg, p] gives the mean curvature of the region reg at the point p.
- [RegionMeasure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMeasure.en.md): RegionMeasure[reg] gives the measure of the region reg. RegionMeasure[reg, d] gives the d-dimensional measure of the region reg. RegionMeasure[{x1, ..., xn}, {{t1, a1, b1}, ..., {tk, ak, bk}}] gives the k-measure of the parametric formula whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of tj. RegionMeasure[{x1, ..., xn}, {{t1, a1, b1}, ..., {tk, ak, bk}}, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [RegionMember](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMember.en.md): RegionMember[reg, {x, y, ...}] gives True if the numeric point {x, y, ...} is a member of the constant region reg and False otherwise. RegionMember[reg, {x, y, ...}] gives conditions for the point {x, y, ...} to be a member of reg. RegionMember[reg] returns a RegionMemberFunction[...] that can be applied repeatedly to different points.
- [RegionMemberFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMemberFunction.en.md): RegionMemberFunction[reg, ...] represents a function whose values give whether a point is in a region reg or not.
- [RegionMinCurvature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMinCurvature.en.md): RegionMinCurvature[reg, p] gives the minimum curvature of the region reg at the point p.
- [RegionMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionMoment.en.md): RegionMoment[reg, {i1, i2, ..., in}] computes the polynomial moment \\[Integral]x \\[Element] reg x_1^i1\\ x_2^i2\\ \\[CenterEllipsis]\\ x_n^in for the region reg.
- [RegionNearest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionNearest.en.md): RegionNearest[reg, p] gives a point in the region reg that is nearest the point p. RegionNearest[reg] gives a RegionNearestFunction[...] that can be repeatedly applied to points.
- [RegionNearestFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionNearestFunction.en.md): RegionNearestFunction[reg, ...] represents a function whose values give the nearest point in the region reg.
- [RegionPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionPlot3D.en.md): RegionPlot3D[pred, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] makes a plot showing the three-dimensional region in which pred is True. RegionPlot3D[{pred1, pred2, ...}, ...] plots several regions corresponding to the predi.
- [RegionPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionPlot.en.md): RegionPlot[pred, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] makes a plot showing the region in which pred is True. RegionPlot[{pred1, pred2, ...}, ...] plots several regions corresponding to the predi. RegionPlot[{..., w[predi, ...], ...}, ...] plots predi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [RegionProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionProduct.en.md): RegionProduct[reg1, reg2] represents the Cartesian product of the regions reg1 and reg2. RegionProduct[reg1, reg2, ...] represents the Cartesian product of the regions reg1, reg2, ....
- [RegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionQ.en.md): RegionQ[reg] gives True if reg is a valid region and False otherwise.
- [RegionResize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionResize.en.md): RegionResize[reg, l] resize the region reg to have the first side length l preserving side length ratios. RegionResize[reg, {lmax}] resize into a box with maximum side length lmax preserving side length ratios. RegionResize[reg, {l1, l2, ...}] resize into a box with side lengths li. RegionResize[reg, {{x 1, min, x 1, max}, {x 2, min, x 2, max}, ...}] resize into a box with corners {x 1, min, x 2, min, ...} and {x 1, max, x 2, max, ...}.
- [RegionSimilar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionSimilar.en.md): RegionSimilar[reg1, reg2] tests whether the regions reg1 and reg2 are similar.
- [RegionSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionSize.en.md): RegionSize is an option used by Printout3D to specify the overall size of an object to print for a region.
- [RegionSymmetricDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionSymmetricDifference.en.md): RegionSymmetricDifference[reg1, reg2, ...] represents the symmetric difference of the regions reg1, reg2, ....
- [RegionUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionUnion.en.md): RegionUnion[reg1, reg2, ...] gives the union of the regions reg1, reg2, ....
- [RegionWithin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegionWithin.en.md): RegionWithin[reg1, reg2] returns True if reg2 is contained within reg1.
- [RegisterExceptionType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegisterExceptionType.en.md): RegisterExceptionType[sym] registers sym as a symbolic exception type. RegisterExceptionType[sym, parent] registers sym as a symbolic exception type with the parent exception type parent. RegisterExceptionType[sym, {parent1, ...}] registers sym as a symbolic exception type with the parent exception types {parent1, ...}.
- [RegisterExternalEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegisterExternalEvaluator.en.md): RegisterExternalEvaluator[sys, evaluator] registers the evaluator for use as an external evaluator with the language or system sys. RegisterExternalEvaluator[sys, evaluator, name] registers the evaluator using the assigned name name.
- [RegularExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegularExpression.en.md): RegularExpression[regex] represents the generalized regular expression specified by the string  regex.
- [Regularization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Regularization.en.md): Regularization is an option for Sum and Product that specifies what type of regularization to use.
- [RegularlySampledQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegularlySampledQ.en.md): RegularlySampledQ[tes] gives True if tes is a regular time or event series data, and False otherwise.
- [RegularPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RegularPolygon.en.md): RegularPolygon[n] gives the regular polygon with n vertices equally spaced around the unit circle. RegularPolygon[r, n] gives the regular polygon of radius r. RegularPolygon[{r, \\[Theta]}, n] starts at angle \\[Theta] with respect to the x axis. RegularPolygon[{x, y}, rspec, n] centers the polygon at {x, y}.
- [ReIm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReIm.en.md): ReIm[z] gives the list {Re[z], Im[z]} of the number z.
- [ReImLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReImLabels.en.md): ReImLabels is an option for ReImPlot that specifies labels to use for the real and imaginary components.
- [ReImPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReImPlot.en.md): ReImPlot[f, {x, xmin, xmax}] generates a plot of Re[f] and Im[f] as functions of x \\[Element] \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR] from xmin to xmax. ReImPlot[{f1, f2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}] plots several functions. ReImPlot[{..., w[fi], ...}, ...] plots fi with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. ReImPlot[..., {x} \\[Element] reg] takes the variable x to be in the geometric region reg.
- [ReImStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReImStyle.en.md): ReImStyle is an option for ReImPlot that specifies styles to use for the real and imaginary components.
- [RelationalDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RelationalDatabase.en.md): RelationalDatabase[...] represents schema information about a relational database. RelationalDatabase[db] gives the complete schema of the database referenced by db. RelationalDatabase[{table1 table2, ...}, db] gives schema information related to the tables tablei.
- [RelationGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RelationGraph.en.md): RelationGraph[f, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the graph with vertices vi and edges from vi to vj whenever f[vi, vj] is True. RelationGraph[f, {v1, v2, ...}, {w1, w2, ...}] gives the graph with vertices vi, wj and edges from vi to wj whenever f[vi, wj] is True.
- [Release](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Release.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), Release has been superseded by Evaluate and ReleaseHold.
- [ReleaseHold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReleaseHold.en.md): ReleaseHold[expr] removes Hold, HoldPattern, HoldComplete and HoldCompleteForm in expr.
- [ReliabilityDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReliabilityDistribution.en.md): ReliabilityDistribution[bexpr, {{x1, dist1}, {x2, dist2}, ...}] represents the reliability distribution for a system with components xi having reliability distribution disti, where the whole system is working when the Boolean expression bexpr is True, and component xi is working when xi is True.
- [ReliefImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReliefImage.en.md): ReliefImage[array] generates a relief image of an array of height values.
- [ReliefPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReliefPlot.en.md): ReliefPlot[array] generates a relief plot of an array of height values.
- [Remesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Remesh.en.md): Remesh[mesh] remesh a mesh region mesh by removing low-quality cells and keeping the overall shape.
- [RemoteAuthorizationCaching](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteAuthorizationCaching.en.md): RemoteAuthorizationCaching is an option for RemoteConnect and related functions that determines whether caching of authorization information on remote hosts should be used.
- [RemoteBatchJobAbort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteBatchJobAbort.en.md): RemoteBatchJobAbort[job] aborts a remote batch job.
- [RemoteBatchJobObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteBatchJobObject.en.md): RemoteBatchJobObject[...] represents a remote batch job submitted by RemoteBatchSubmit or RemoteBatchMapSubmit. RemoteBatchJobObject[env,  id] returns a remote batch job specified by  id from the remote batch environment env. RemoteBatchJobObject[id] returns a job specified by  id from $DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment.
- [RemoteBatchJobs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteBatchJobs.en.md): RemoteBatchJobs[env] gives a list of RemoteBatchJobObject expressions representing batch jobs submitted using env. RemoteBatchJobs[env, type] returns only jobs of given type. RemoteBatchJobs[] gives a list of jobs submitted using $DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment.
- [RemoteBatchMapSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteBatchMapSubmit.en.md): RemoteBatchMapSubmit[env, f, list] submits an array batch job in which f is applied to each element on the first level of list, using the remote batch submission environment env. RemoteBatchMapSubmit[f, list] submits an array job using $DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment.
- [RemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment.en.md): RemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment[provider, assoc] represents a remote batch job submission environment for provider with properties assoc. RemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment[provider] represents a submission environment for provider with default optional properties.
- [RemoteBatchSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteBatchSubmit.en.md): RemoteBatchSubmit[expr] submits expr for evaluation using $DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment. RemoteBatchSubmit[env, expr] submits expr for evaluation using the remote batch submission environment env.
- [RemoteConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteConnect.en.md): RemoteConnect[host] connects to the specified remote host. RemoteConnect[IPAddress[address]] connects to the machine with the specified IP address. RemoteConnect[host, username] connects using the specified username for the remote host. RemoteConnect[host, username, password] connects using the specified username and password.
- [RemoteConnectionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteConnectionObject.en.md): RemoteConnectionObject[...] is an object that represents a remote connection.
- [RemoteEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteEvaluate.en.md): RemoteEvaluate[expr] gives the result of evaluating expr using your current default remote Wolfram Language kernel. RemoteEvaluate[ker, expr] gives the result of evaluating expr using the kernel specified by ker. RemoteEvaluate[{ker1, ker2, ...}, expr] gives a list of the results of evaluating expr using each of the kernels keri. RemoteEvaluate[ker, expr, h] wraps the head h around the result produced before returning it.
- [RemoteFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteFile.en.md): RemoteFile[URL[uri]] is a symbolic representation of a file on a remote machine.
- [RemoteGeoZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteGeoZone.en.md): RemoteGeoZone is an option for RemoteBatchSubmit and RemoteBatchMapSubmit that specifies a geographical zone to use with the WolframBatch provider.
- [RemoteInputFiles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteInputFiles.en.md): RemoteInputFiles is an option for RemoteBatchSubmit and RemoteBatchMapSubmit that specifies local files to be uploaded and made available within remote jobs.
- [RemoteJobName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteJobName.en.md): RemoteJobName is an option specifying the name for a remote batch job.
- [RemoteJobNotifications](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteJobNotifications.en.md): RemoteJobNotifications is an option specifying notifications for a remote batch job.
- [RemoteKernelObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteKernelObject.en.md): As of Version 13.1, RemoteKernelObject has been superseded by KernelConfiguration and KernelObject.
- [RemoteMachineClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteMachineClass.en.md): RemoteMachineClass is an option for RemoteBatchSubmit and RemoteBatchMapSubmit that specifies a machine class to use with the WolframBatch provider.
- [RemoteProviderSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteProviderSettings.en.md): RemoteProviderSettings is an option for RemoteBatchSubmit and RemoteBatchMapSubmit that specifies provider-specific settings for a batch job.
- [RemoteRun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteRun.en.md): RemoteRun[host,  command] runs the specified operating system command on the remote host, returning the exit code obtained. RemoteRun[IPAddress[address],  command] runs the command on the machine with the specified IP address. RemoteRun[obj,  command] run the command on the remote host specified by the RemoteConnectionObject obj.
- [RemoteRunProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoteRunProcess.en.md): RemoteRunProcess[host, command] runs the specified system command on the remote host, returning information on the outcome. RemoteRunProcess[IPAddress[address], command] runs the command on the machine with the specified IP address. RemoteRunProcess[obj, command] run the command on the remote host specified by the RemoteConnectionObject obj. RemoteRunProcess[host, {command, arg1, arg2, ...}] runs the specified command, with command-line arguments argi. RemoteRunProcess[host, command, prop] ...
- [RemovalConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemovalConditions.en.md): RemovalConditions is an option for AttachCell that specifies conditions under which to remove the attached cell.
- [RemoveAlphaChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveAlphaChannel.en.md): RemoveAlphaChannel[color] removes opacity from color. RemoveAlphaChannel[color, bg] removes opacity by blending color with the background color bg. RemoveAlphaChannel[image, ...] removes opacity from all pixels in image. RemoveAlphaChannel[video, ...] removes opacity from frames of video.
- [RemoveAsynchronousTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveAsynchronousTask.en.md): RemoveAsynchronousTask is being phased out in favor of TaskRemove, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [RemoveAudioStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveAudioStream.en.md): RemoveAudioStream[] deletes all AudioStream objects. RemoveAudioStream[stream] deletes the AudioStream object stream. RemoveAudioStream[audio] deletes all the AudioStream objects stemming from audio.
- [RemoveBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveBackground.en.md): RemoveBackground[image] returns an image with an alpha channel where the background is transparent. RemoveBackground[image, model] uses foreground or background model specification. RemoveBackground[video, ...] performs background removal on frames of video.
- [RemoveChannelListener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveChannelListener.en.md): RemoveChannelListener[obj] removes obj from the list of currently active channel listeners. RemoveChannelListener[{obj1, obj2, ...}] removes all the obji. RemoveChannelListener[] removes all currently active channel listeners.
- [RemoveChannelSubscribers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveChannelSubscribers.en.md): RemoveChannelSubscribers[channel] removes all subscribers from the specified channel. RemoveChannelSubscribers[channel, user] removes the specified user from the subscriber list. RemoveChannelSubscribers[channel, {user1, user2, ...}] removes the specified subscribers useri.
- [RemoveDiacritics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveDiacritics.en.md): RemoveDiacritics[string] replaces characters in string that have diacritics by their base ASCII characters, when possible.
- [Remove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Remove.en.md): Remove[s1, s2, ...] removes the symbols si completely, so that their names are no longer recognized by the Wolfram Language. Remove[patt1, patt2, ...] removes all symbols whose names textually match any of the arbitrary string patterns patti. Remove[{spec1, spec2, ...}] removes any symbols that are equal to or whose names match any of the speci.
- [RemoveInputStreamMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveInputStreamMethod.en.md): RemoveInputStreamMethod[name] removes a custom input stream method.
- [RemoveOutputStreamMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveOutputStreamMethod.en.md): RemoveOutputStreamMethod[name] removes a custom output stream method.
- [RemoveProperty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveProperty.en.md): As of Version 12.1, RemoveProperty has been superseded by AnnotationDelete.
- [RemoveScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveScheduledTask.en.md): RemoveScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskRemove, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [RemoveUsers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveUsers.en.md): RemoveUsers[group, {user1, ...}] removes the users useri from the permissions group group.
- [RemoveVideoStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RemoveVideoStream.en.md): RemoveVideoStream[] deletes all VideoStream objects. RemoveVideoStream[stream] deletes the VideoStream object stream.
- [RenameColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenameColumns.en.md): RenameColumns[tab, {col1 -> newcol1, ...}] renames column coli to newcoli in a Tabular object tab. RenameColumns[tab, {newcol1, newcol2, ...}] renames column i to newcoli in tab. RenameColumns[renamings] represents an operator form of RenameColumns that can be applied to a Tabular object.
- [RenameDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenameDirectory.en.md): RenameDirectory[SubscriptBox[dir, 1], SubscriptBox[dir, 2]] renames the directory dir1 to dir2.
- [RenameFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenameFile.en.md): RenameFile[file1, file2] renames file1 to file2.
- [RenderAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenderAll.en.md): As of Version 6.0, RenderAll has been rendered obsolete by the symbolic representation of graphics in the Wolfram Language.
- [RenderingOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenderingOptions.en.md): RenderingOptions is an option for Style, Cell and related constructs that specifies options related to 3D rendering.
- [RenewalProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenewalProcess.en.md): RenewalProcess[rdist] represents a renewal process with interarrival times distributed according to rdist.
- [RenkoChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RenkoChart.en.md): RenkoChart[{{date1, p1}, {date2, p2}, ...}] makes a Renko chart with prices pi at date datei. RenkoChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a Renko chart of closing prices for the financial entity  name over the date range daterange. RenkoChart[{...}, s] makes a Renko chart with brick height of fraction s of the average price.
- [RepairMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RepairMesh.en.md): RepairMesh[mreg] repairs defects in the mesh region mreg. RepairMesh[mreg, {def1, ...}] repairs only the specified defects def1, ....
- [Repeated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Repeated.en.md): p .. or Repeated[p] is a pattern object that represents a sequence of one or more expressions, each matching p. Repeated[p, max] represents from 1 to max expressions matching p. Repeated[p, {min, max}] represents between min and max expressions matching p. Repeated[p, {n}] represents exactly n expressions matching p.
- [RepeatedNull](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RepeatedNull.en.md): p ... or RepeatedNull[p] is a pattern object that represents a sequence of zero or more expressions, each matching p. RepeatedNull[p, max] represents from 0 to max expressions matching p. RepeatedNull[p, {min, max}] represents between min and max expressions matching p. RepeatedNull[p, {n}] represents exactly n expressions matching p.
- [RepeatedTiming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RepeatedTiming.en.md): RepeatedTiming[expr] evaluates expr repeatedly and returns a list of the average time in seconds used, together with the result obtained. RepeatedTiming[expr, t] does repeated evaluation for at least t seconds.
- [RepeatingElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RepeatingElement.en.md): RepeatingElement[spec] represents an arbitrarily repeated type of element in an interpreter, API or form specification. RepeatingElement[spec, max] represents an element that can appear at most max times. RepeatingElement[spec, {min, max}] represents an element that can appear between min and max times. RepeatingElement[spec, {n, {min, max}}] represents an element that initially appears n times in a form. RepeatingElement[spec, {{i, n}, {min, max}}] represents an element where i takes ...
- [ReplaceAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceAll.en.md): expr /. rules or ReplaceAll[expr, rules] applies a rule or list of rules in an attempt to transform each subpart of an expression expr. ReplaceAll[rules] represents an operator form of ReplaceAll that can be applied to an expression.
- [ReplaceAt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceAt.en.md): ReplaceAt[expr, rules, n] transforms expr by replacing the n^th element using rules. ReplaceAt[expr, rules, {i, j, ...}] replaces the part of expr at position {i, j, ...}. ReplaceAt[expr, rules, {{i1, j1, ...}, {i2, j2, ...}, ...}] replaces parts at several positions. ReplaceAt[rules, pos] represents an operator form of ReplaceAt that can be applied to an expression.
- [Replace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Replace.en.md): Replace[expr, rules] applies a rule or list of rules in an attempt to transform the entire expression expr. Replace[expr, rules, levelspec] applies rules to parts of expr specified by levelspec. Replace[rules] represents an operator form of Replace that can be applied to an expression.
- [ReplaceHeldPart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceHeldPart.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), ReplaceHeldPart has been superseded by ReplacePart.
- [ReplaceImageValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceImageValue.en.md): ReplaceImageValue[image, pos -> val] changes the pixel values at position pos in image to val. ReplaceImageValue[image, pos -> val,  type] assumes val to be of the specified type.
- [ReplaceList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceList.en.md): ReplaceList[expr, rules] attempts to transform the entire expression expr by applying a rule or list of rules in all possible ways, and returns a list of the results obtained. ReplaceList[expr, rules, n] gives a list of at most n results. ReplaceList[rules] is an operator form of ReplaceList that can be applied to an expression.
- [ReplacePart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplacePart.en.md): ReplacePart[expr, i -> new] yields an expression in which the i^th part of expr is replaced by new. ReplacePart[expr, {i1 -> new1, i2 -> new2, ...}] replaces parts at positions in by newn. ReplacePart[expr, {i, j, ...} -> new] replaces the part at position {i, j, ...}. ReplacePart[expr, {{i1, j1, ...} -> new1, ...}] replaces parts at positions {in, jn, ...} by newn. ReplacePart[expr, {{i1, j1, ...}, ...} -> new] replaces all parts at positions {in, jn, ...} by new. ...
- [ReplacePixelValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplacePixelValue.en.md): ReplacePixelValue[image, ppos -> val] changes the pixel values at pixel position ppos in image to val. ReplacePixelValue[image, ppos -> val,  type] assumes val to be of the specified type.
- [ReplaceRepeated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplaceRepeated.en.md): expr //. rules repeatedly performs replacements until expr no longer changes. ReplaceRepeated[rules] represents an operator form of ReplaceRepeated that can be applied to an expression.
- [ReplicateLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReplicateLayer.en.md): ReplicateLayer[n] represents a net layer that takes an input of dimensions {d1, d2, ...} and replicates it n times to produce an output of dimensions {n, d1, d2, ...}. ReplicateLayer[{n1, n2, ..., nm}] represents a net layer that takes an input of dimensions {d1, d2, ...} and replicates it to produce an output of dimensions {n1, n2, ..., nm, d1, d2, ...}. ReplicateLayer[dims, m] replicates so that dims appears at position m in the list of output dimensions.
- [RequiredPhysicalQuantities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RequiredPhysicalQuantities.en.md): RequiredPhysicalQuantities is an option for FormulaLookup that specifies physical quantities that must be used by the formulas returned.
- [RerankingMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RerankingMethod.en.md): RerankingMethod is an option for functions such as SemanticSearch to determine how results are sorted after initial retrieval.
- [ResamplingAlgorithmData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResamplingAlgorithmData.en.md): ResamplingAlgorithmData[rs,  prop] gives the specified property  prop for the resampling rs.
- [Resampling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resampling.en.md): Resampling is an option that specifies the method to be used for resampling images or arrays.
- [ResamplingMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResamplingMethod.en.md): ResamplingMethod is an option for functions such as TimeSeries, TemporalData and MovingMap that specifies how values in between given times should be computed.
- [Rescale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rescale.en.md): Rescale[x, {min, max}] gives x rescaled to run from 0 to 1 over the range min to max. Rescale[x, {min, max}, {ymin, ymax}] gives x rescaled to run from ymin to ymax over the range min to max. Rescale[list] rescales each element of list to run from 0 to 1 over the range Min[list] to Max[list].
- [RescalingTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RescalingTransform.en.md): RescalingTransform[{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}, {{xpmin, xpmax}, ...}] gives a TransformationFunction that rescales the region with coordinate ranges xmin to xmax, etc. to the region with coordinate ranges xpmin to xpmax, etc. RescalingTransform[{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}] gives a TransformationFunction that rescales to the unit square, cube, etc.
- [ResetDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResetDirectory.en.md): ResetDirectory[] resets the current working directory to its previous value.
- [ResetMedium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResetMedium.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), ResetMedium has been superseded by SetOptions.
- [ResetScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResetScheduledTask.en.md): ResetScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskObject, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [ReshapeLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReshapeLayer.en.md): ReshapeLayer[spec] represents a net layer that reshapes the input array according to the specification spec.
- [Residue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Residue.en.md): Residue[expr, {z, z0}] finds the residue of expr at the point z = z0.
- [ResidueLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResidueLabels.en.md): ResidueLabels is an option for BioMoleculePlot3D that specifies what labels should be used for monomer residues.
- [ResidueSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResidueSum.en.md): ResidueSum[f, z] finds the sum of residues of the meromorphic function f with the variable z. ResidueSum[{f, cons}, z] finds the sum of residues of f within the solution set of the constraints cons.
- [ResizeLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResizeLayer.en.md): ResizeLayer[{d}] represents a layer performing one-dimensional resizing of a two-dimensional array. ResizeLayer[{d1, ..., dn}] represents a layer performing n-dimensional resizing of a (n + 1)-dimensional array.
- [ResolveContextAliases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResolveContextAliases.en.md): ResolveContextAliases is an option for Names, Contexts and related functions to control whether to resolve aliases when searching for symbols that match a string pattern.
- [Resolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resolve.en.md): Resolve[expr] attempts to resolve expr into a form that eliminates ForAll and Exists quantifiers. Resolve[expr, dom] works over the domain dom. Common choices of dom are Complexes, Reals, and Booleans.
- [ResourceData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceData.en.md): ResourceData[resource] gives the primary content of the specified resource. ResourceData[resource, elem] gives element elem of the content of the resource.
- [ResourceFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceFunction.en.md): ResourceFunction[resource] represents the function associated with the specified resource. ResourceFunction[resource, prop] gives the specified property of the resource.
- [ResourceObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceObject.en.md): ResourceObject[name] represents a resource with the specified name. ResourceObject[uuid] represents a resource with the specified UUID. ResourceObject[loc] imports a resource from the specified location. ResourceObject[assoc] gives a resource with content and metadata specified by the association assoc.
- [ResourceRegister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceRegister.en.md): ResourceRegister[resource] creates a persistent cache of a resource object that can be referenced by name. ResourceRegister[resource, loc] stores the resource in persistence location loc. ResourceRegister[resource, {loc1, ...}] stores the resource in multiple persistence locations.
- [ResourceRemove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceRemove.en.md): ResourceRemove[resource] removes the specified resource from the system on which it is run.
- [ResourceSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceSearch.en.md): ResourceSearch[form] gives a dataset of resources that contain text matching form. ResourceSearch[form, prop] returns the property prop of the search results.
- [ResourceSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceSubmit.en.md): ResourceSubmit[resource] submits the specified resource object to be reviewed for publication. ResourceSubmit[new, old] submits the resource new as the updated version of the resource old.
- [ResourceSystemBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceSystemBase.en.md): ResourceSystemBase is an option for ResourceObject, ResourceSearch and related functions specifying the location of the public resource system.
- [ResourceSystemPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceSystemPath.en.md): ResourceSystemPath is an option for ResourceObject, ResourceSearch and related functions for specifying locations at which to look for resources.
- [ResourceUpdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceUpdate.en.md): ResourceUpdate[resource] updates to the latest version of the specified resource object. ResourceUpdate[name] updates the resource with the specified name.
- [ResourceVersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResourceVersion.en.md): ResourceVersion is an option for ResourceObject, ResourceFunction and related functions for specifying the version of a resource.
- [ResponseForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResponseForm.en.md): ResponseForm[expr,  fmt] represents a response record to be given in a specified format when requested during the execution of a function specified by APIFunction, FormFunction, etc. ResponseForm[expr,  fmt, {SubscriptBox[elem, 1], SubscriptBox[elem, 2], ...}] includes only the response record elements elemi.
- [RestartInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RestartInterval.en.md): RestartInterval is an option controlling the restart behavior of functions such as ContinuousTask.
- [Rest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rest.en.md): Rest[expr] gives expr with the first element removed.
- [Restricted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Restricted.en.md): Restricted[form, cond, ...] represents a form for Interpreter and related functions restricted according to the conditions cond.
- [Resultant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Resultant.en.md): Resultant[poly1, poly2, var] computes the resultant of the polynomials poly1 and poly2 with respect to the variable var. Resultant[poly1, poly2, var, Modulus -> p] computes the resultant modulo the prime p.
- [ResumePacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ResumePacket.en.md): As of Version 6, ResumePacket is obsolete.
- [Return](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Return.en.md): Return[expr] returns the value expr from a function. Return[] returns the value Null.
- [ReturnExpressionPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReturnExpressionPacket.en.md): ReturnExpressionPacket[expr] is a WSTP packet that contains the expression expr, the result of an EnterExpressionPacket evaluation.
- [ReturnPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReturnPacket.en.md): ReturnPacket[expr] is a WSTP packet that contains the expression expr, the result of an EvaluatePacket evaluation.
- [ReturnReceiptFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReturnReceiptFunction.en.md): ReturnReceiptFunction is an option for MailReceiverFunction that specifies what function to apply if a return receipt is requested for mail received by a MailReceiverFunction.
- [ReturnTextPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReturnTextPacket.en.md): ReturnTextPacket[string] is a WSTP packet containing string, the result of an EnterTextPacket evaluation.
- [ReverseApplied](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseApplied.en.md): ReverseApplied[f] represents a form of f that takes arguments in reverse order so that ReverseApplied[f][x1, ..., xn] is equivalent to f[xn, ..., x1]. ReverseApplied[f, n] represents a form of f that reverses the first n arguments before evaluation.
- [ReverseBiorthogonalSplineWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseBiorthogonalSplineWavelet.en.md): ReverseBiorthogonalSplineWavelet[] represents a reverse biorthogonal spline wavelet of order 4 and dual order 2. ReverseBiorthogonalSplineWavelet[n, m] represents a reverse biorthogonal spline wavelet of order n and dual order m.
- [ReverseElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseElement.en.md): ReverseElement[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[ReverseElement] y \\[ReverseElement] ....
- [Reverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Reverse.en.md): Reverse[expr] reverses the order of the elements in expr. Reverse[expr, n] reverses elements at level n in expr. Reverse[expr, {n1, n2, ...}] reverses elements at levels n1, n2, ... in expr.
- [ReverseEquilibrium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseEquilibrium.en.md): ReverseEquilibrium[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[ReverseEquilibrium] y \\[ReverseEquilibrium] ....
- [ReverseGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseGraph.en.md): ReverseGraph[g] gives the reverse graph of the directed graph g. ReverseGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [ReverseSortBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseSortBy.en.md): ReverseSortBy[list, f] sorts the elements of list using the reverse canonical order defined by applying f to each of them. ReverseSortBy[list, f, p] sorts the elements of list using the function p to compare pairs of results of applying f to each element. ReverseSortBy[f] represents an operator form of ReverseSortBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [ReverseSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseSort.en.md): ReverseSort[list] sorts the elements of list into reverse canonical order. ReverseSort[list, p] sorts using the ordering function p.
- [ReverseUpEquilibrium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ReverseUpEquilibrium.en.md): ReverseUpEquilibrium[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[ReverseUpEquilibrium]y\\[ReverseUpEquilibrium]....
- [RevolutionAxis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RevolutionAxis.en.md): RevolutionAxis is an option for RevolutionPlot3D which specifies the revolution axis around which the curve should be rotated.
- [RevolutionPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RevolutionPlot3D.en.md): RevolutionPlot3D[fz, {t, tmin, tmax}] generates a plot of the surface of revolution with height fz at radius t. RevolutionPlot3D[fz, {t, tmin, tmax}, {\\[Theta], \\[Theta]min, \\[Theta]max}] takes the azimuthal angle \\[Theta] to vary between \\[Theta]min and \\[Theta]max. RevolutionPlot3D[{fx, fz}, {t, tmin, tmax}] generates a plot of the surface obtained by rotating the parametric curve with x, z coordinates {fx, fz} around the z axis. RevolutionPlot3D[{fx, fz}, {t, tmin, tmax}, {\\[Theta], ...
- [RFixedPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RFixedPoints.en.md): RFixedPoints[eqn, a[n], n] gives the fixed points for a recurrence equation. RFixedPoints[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {a1[n], a2[n], ...}, n] gives the fixed points for a system of recurrence equations.
- [RGBColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RGBColor.en.md): RGBColor[r, g, b] represents a color in the RGB color space, using red, blue and green components. RGBColor[r, g, b, a] specifies opacity a. RGBColor[string] returns a color from a hex color or an HTML color name. RGBColor[color] returns the RGB representation of color.
- [RiccatiSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiccatiSolve.en.md): RiccatiSolve[{a, b}, {q, r}] gives the matrix x that is the stabilizing solution of the continuous algebraic Riccati equation ConjugateTranspose[a] . x + x . a - x . b . Inverse[r] . ConjugateTranspose[b] . x + q == 0. RiccatiSolve[{a, b}, {q, r, p}] solves the equation ConjugateTranspose[a] . x + x . a - (x . b + p) . Inverse[r] . (ConjugateTranspose[b] . x + ConjugateTranspose[p]) + q == 0.
- [RiceDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiceDistribution.en.md): RiceDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a Rice distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta]. RiceDistribution[m, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a Norton-Rice distribution with parameters m, \\[Alpha], and \\[Beta].
- [RidgeFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RidgeFilter.en.md): RidgeFilter[data] computes a measure for the presence of a ridge at every position of data. RidgeFilter[data, \\[Sigma]] uses the specified ridge scale \\[Sigma].
- [RiemannR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiemannR.en.md): RiemannR[x] gives the Riemann prime counting function RiemannR[x].
- [RiemannSiegelTheta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiemannSiegelTheta.en.md): RiemannSiegelTheta[t] gives the Riemann-Siegel function RiemannSiegelTheta[t].
- [RiemannSiegelZ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiemannSiegelZ.en.md): RiemannSiegelZ[t] gives the Riemann-Siegel function RiemannSiegelZ[t].
- [RiemannXi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiemannXi.en.md): RiemannXi[s] gives the Riemann xi function ....
- [Riffle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Riffle.en.md): Riffle[{e1, e2, ...}, x] gives {e1, x, e2, x, ...}. Riffle[{e1, e2, ...}, {x1, x2, ...}] gives {e1, x1, e2, x2, ...}. Riffle[list, x, n] yields a list in which every n^th element is x. Riffle[list, x, {imin, imax, n}] yields a list in which x appears if possible at positions imin, imin + n, imin + 2 n, ... , imax.
- [RightArrowBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightArrowBar.en.md): RightArrowBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightArrowBar] y \\[RightArrowBar] ....
- [RightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightArrow.en.md): RightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightArrow] y \\[RightArrow] ....
- [RightArrowLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightArrowLeftArrow.en.md): RightArrowLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightArrowLeftArrow] y \\[RightArrowLeftArrow] ....
- [RightComposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightComposition.en.md): RightComposition[f1, f2, f3, ...] represents a composition on the right of the functions f1, f2, f3, ....
- [RightCosetRepresentative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightCosetRepresentative.en.md): RightCosetRepresentative[group, g] returns the smallest element in the right coset of products of the elements of group by g.
- [RightDownTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightDownTeeVector.en.md): RightDownTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightDownTeeVector]y\\[RightDownTeeVector]....
- [RightDownVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightDownVectorBar.en.md): RightDownVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightDownVectorBar]y\\[RightDownVectorBar]....
- [RightDownVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightDownVector.en.md): RightDownVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightDownVector]y\\[RightDownVector]....
- [Right](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Right.en.md): Right is a symbol that represents the right-hand side for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [RightTeeArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightTeeArrow.en.md): RightTeeArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightTeeArrow] y \\[RightTeeArrow] ....
- [RightTee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightTee.en.md): RightTee[x, y] displays as x \\[RightTee] y.
- [RightTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightTeeVector.en.md): RightTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightTeeVector] y \\[RightTeeVector] ....
- [RightTriangleBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightTriangleBar.en.md): RightTriangleBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightTriangleBar] y \\[RightTriangleBar] ....
- [RightTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightTriangle.en.md): RightTriangle[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightTriangle] y \\[RightTriangle] ....
- [RightTriangleEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightTriangleEqual.en.md): RightTriangleEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightTriangleEqual] y \\[RightTriangleEqual] ....
- [RightUpDownVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightUpDownVector.en.md): RightUpDownVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightUpDownVector]y\\[RightUpDownVector]....
- [RightUpTeeVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightUpTeeVector.en.md): RightUpTeeVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightUpTeeVector]y\\[RightUpTeeVector]....
- [RightUpVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightUpVectorBar.en.md): RightUpVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightUpVectorBar]y\\[RightUpVectorBar]....
- [RightUpVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightUpVector.en.md): RightUpVector[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightUpVector]y\\[RightUpVector]....
- [RightVectorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightVectorBar.en.md): RightVectorBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[RightVectorBar]y\\[RightVectorBar]....
- [RightVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RightVector.en.md): RightVector[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[RightVector] y \\[RightVector] ....
- [RipleyK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RipleyK.en.md): RipleyK[pdata, r] estimates Ripley's K function K(r) at radius r for point data pdata. RipleyK[pproc, r] computes TraditionalForm\\`K(r) for the point process pproc. RipleyK[bdata, r] computes K(r) for binned data bdata. RipleyK[pspec] generates the function K that can be applied repeatedly at different radii r.
- [RipleyRassonRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RipleyRassonRegion.en.md): RipleyRassonRegion[pdata] gives an estimated observation based on the point data pdata.
- [RiskAchievementImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiskAchievementImportance.en.md): RiskAchievementImportance[rdist, t] gives the risk achievement importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. RiskAchievementImportance[fdist, t] gives the risk achievement importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [RiskReductionImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiskReductionImportance.en.md): RiskReductionImportance[rdist, t] gives the risk reduction importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist at time t. RiskReductionImportance[fdist, t] gives the risk reduction importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist at time t.
- [RobustConvexOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RobustConvexOptimization.en.md): RobustConvexOptimization[f, ForAll[pars, pcons, vcons], vars] finds values of vars that give the minimum value of f for vars that satisfy the constraints vcons for all possible values of the parameters pars that satisfy the parametric constraints pcons. RobustConvexOptimization[...,  prop] specifies what solution property  prop should be returned.
- [RogersTanimotoDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RogersTanimotoDissimilarity.en.md): RogersTanimotoDissimilarity[u, v] gives the Rogers-Tanimoto dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.
- [RollPitchYawAngles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RollPitchYawAngles.en.md): RollPitchYawAngles[r] gives the roll-pitch-yaw angles {\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]} corresponding to the rotation matrix r. RollPitchYawAngles[r, {a, b, c}] gives the roll-pitch-yaw angles {\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]} corresponding to rotation order {a, b, c}.
- [RollPitchYawMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RollPitchYawMatrix.en.md): RollPitchYawMatrix[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]}] gives the 3D rotation matrix formed by rotating by \\[Alpha] around the initial z axis, then by \\[Beta] around the initial y axis, and then by \\[Gamma] around the initial x axis. RollPitchYawMatrix[{\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma]}, {a, b, c}] gives the 3D rotation matrix formed by rotating by \\[Alpha] around the fixed a axis, then by \\[Beta] around the fixed b axis, and then by \\[Gamma] around the fixed c axis.
- [RomanNumeral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RomanNumeral.en.md): RomanNumeral[n] gives a string corresponding to the Roman numeral form of the integer n.
- [RootApproximant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootApproximant.en.md): RootApproximant[x] converts the number x to one of the simplest algebraic numbers that approximates it well. RootApproximant[x, n] finds an algebraic number of degree at most n that approximates x.
- [Root](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Root.en.md): Root[{f, c}] represents the exact root of the general equation f[x] == 0 near x = c. Root[{{f1, ..., fn}, {c1, ..., cn}}, j] represents the j^th coordinate of the exact root of the system of equations {f1[x1, ..., xn] == 0, ..., fn[x1, ..., xn] == 0} near {x1, ..., xn} = {c1, ..., cn}. Root[f, k] represents the exact k^th root of the polynomial equation f[x] == 0. Root[{f1, f2, ...}, {k1, k2, ...}] represents the last coordinate of the exact vector {a1, a2, ...} such that ai is the ki^th root ...
- [RootIntervals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootIntervals.en.md): RootIntervals[{poly1, poly2, ...}] gives a list of isolating intervals for the real roots of any of the polyi, together with a list of which polynomials actually have each successive root. RootIntervals[poly] gives isolating intervals for real roots of a single polynomial. RootIntervals[polys, Complexes] gives bounding rectangles for complex roots.
- [RootLocusPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootLocusPlot.en.md): RootLocusPlot[lsys, {k, kmin, kmax}] generates a root locus plot of a linear time-invariant system lsys as the parameter k ranges from kmin to kmax.
- [RootMeanSquare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootMeanSquare.en.md): RootMeanSquare[list] gives the root mean square of values in list. RootMeanSquare[dist] gives the root mean square of the distribution dist.
- [RootOfUnityQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootOfUnityQ.en.md): RootOfUnityQ[a] yields True if a is a root of unity, and yields False otherwise.
- [RootReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootReduce.en.md): RootReduce[expr] attempts to reduce expr to a single Root object.
- [Roots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Roots.en.md): Roots[lhs == rhs, var] yields a disjunction of equations which represent the roots of a polynomial equation.
- [RootSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootSum.en.md): RootSum[f, form] represents the sum of form[x] for all x that satisfy the polynomial equation f[x] == 0.
- [RootTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootTree.en.md): RootTree[tree] returns the root node of tree as a Tree object. RootTree[tree, n] returns a Tree object containing the nodes of tree down to level n.
- [Rotate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md): Rotate[g, \\[Theta]] represents 2D graphics primitives or any other objects g rotated counterclockwise by \\[Theta] radians about the center of their bounding box. Rotate[g, \\[Theta], {x, y}] rotates about the point {x, y}. Rotate[g, {u, v}] rotates around the origin, transforming the 2D or 3D vector u to v. Rotate[g, \\[Theta], w] rotates 3D graphics primitives by \\[Theta] radians around the 3D vector w anchored at the origin. Rotate[g, \\[Theta], w, p] rotates around the 3D vector w ...
- [RotateLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotateLabel.en.md): RotateLabel is an option for graphics and related functions that specifies whether labels on vertical frame axes should be rotated to be vertical.
- [RotateLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotateLeft.en.md): RotateLeft[expr, n] cycles the elements in expr n positions to the left. RotateLeft[expr] cycles one position to the left. RotateLeft[expr, {n1, n2, ...}] cycles elements at successive levels ni positions to the left.
- [RotateRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotateRight.en.md): RotateRight[expr, n] cycles the elements in expr n positions to the right. RotateRight[expr] cycles one position to the right. RotateRight[expr, {n1, n2, ...}] cycles elements at successive levels ni positions to the right.
- [RotationAction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotationAction.en.md): RotationAction is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies how to render 3D objects when they are interactively rotated.
- [RotationMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotationMatrix.en.md): RotationMatrix[\\[Theta]] gives the 2D rotation matrix that rotates 2D vectors counterclockwise by \\[Theta] radians. RotationMatrix[\\[Theta], w] gives the 3D rotation matrix for a counterclockwise rotation around the 3D vector w. RotationMatrix[{u, v}] gives the matrix that rotates the vector u to the direction of the vector v in any dimension. RotationMatrix[\\[Theta], {u, v}] gives the matrix that rotates by \\[Theta] radians in the plane spanned by u and v.
- [RotationTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotationTransform.en.md): RotationTransform[\\[Theta]] gives a TransformationFunction that represents a rotation in 2D by \\[Theta] radians about the origin. RotationTransform[\\[Theta], p] gives a 2D rotation about the 2D point p. RotationTransform[\\[Theta], w] gives a 3D rotation around the direction of the 3D vector w. RotationTransform[\\[Theta], w, p] gives a 3D rotation around the axis w anchored at the point p. RotationTransform[{u, v}] gives a rotation about the origin that transforms the vector u to the ...
- [Round](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Round.en.md): Round[x] gives the integer closest to x. Round[x, a] rounds to the nearest multiple of a.
- [RoundingRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RoundingRadius.en.md): RoundingRadius is an option for Rectangle, Framed and related functions that specifies the radius of the circle to use in rendering rounded corners.
- [RowAlignments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowAlignments.en.md): RowAlignments is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies how entries in each row should be aligned.
- [RowBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowBox.en.md): RowBox[{box1, box2, ...}] is a low-level box construct that represents a row of boxes or strings in a notebook expression.
- [Row](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Row.en.md): Row[{expr1, expr2, ...}] is an object that formats with the expri arranged in a row, potentially extending over several lines. Row[list, s] inserts s as a separator between successive elements.
- [RowKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowKey.en.md): RowKey[{key1, key2, ...}] represents a key that can be used to extract the row of a Tabular object for which the key columns have values keyi.
- [RowLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowLines.en.md): RowLines is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies whether lines should be drawn between adjacent rows.
- [RowMinHeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowMinHeight.en.md): RowMinHeight is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies the minimum total height in units of font size that should be allowed for each row.
- [RowReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowReduce.en.md): RowReduce[m] gives the row-reduced form of the matrix m.
- [RowsEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowsEqual.en.md): RowsEqual is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies whether all rows in the grid should be assigned equal total height.
- [RowSpacings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RowSpacings.en.md): RowSpacings is an option for the low-level function GridBox that specifies the spaces in x heights that should be inserted between successive rows.
- [RSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolve.en.md): RSolve[eqn, a[n], n] solves a recurrence equation for a[n]. RSolve[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {a1[n], a2[n], ...}, n] solves a system of recurrence equations. RSolve[eqn, a[n1, n2, ...], {n1, n2, ...}] solves a partial recurrence equation.
- [RSolveValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolveValue.en.md): RSolveValue[eqn, expr, n] gives the value of expr determined by a symbolic solution to the ordinary difference equation eqn with independent variable n. RSolveValue[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, expr, ...] uses a symbolic solution for a list of difference equations. RSolveValue[eqn, expr, {n1, n2, ...}] uses a solution for the partial recurrence equation eqn.
- [RStabilityConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RStabilityConditions.en.md): RStabilityConditions[eqn, a[n], n] gives the fixed points and stability conditions for a recurrence equation. RStabilityConditions[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {a1[n], a2[n], ...}, n] gives the fixed points and stability conditions for a system of recurrence equations. RStabilityConditions[{eqn1, eqn2, ...}, {a1[n], a2[n], ...}, n, {pnt1, pnt2, ...}] gives stability conditions only for the given fixed points.
- [RudinShapiro](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RudinShapiro.en.md): RudinShapiro[n] gives the n^th term in the Rudin-Shapiro sequence.
- [RudvalisGroupRu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RudvalisGroupRu.en.md): RudvalisGroupRu[] represents the sporadic simple Rudvalis group Ru.
- [RuleDelayed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RuleDelayed.en.md): lhs :> rhs or lhs :> rhs represents a rule that transforms lhs to rhs, evaluating rhs only after the rule is used.
- [Rule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rule.en.md): lhs -> rhs or lhs -> rhs represents a rule that transforms lhs to rhs.
- [RulePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RulePlot.en.md): RulePlot[sys] generates a plot representing the rule for the computational system sys. RulePlot[sys, init, t] generates a plot of the evolution of the system sys from initial condition init for t steps. RulePlot[sys, evol] generates a plot of the evolution evol assuming it is derived from a system of the form sys.
- [RulerUnits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RulerUnits.en.md): RulerUnits is an option for notebooks that specifies the units in the ruler toolbar.
- [RulesTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RulesTree.en.md): RulesTree[data -> {rule1, rule2, ...}] gives a tree whose root contains data and that has children specified by the rulei.
- [Run](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Run.en.md): Run[command] runs command as an external operating system command, returning the exit code obtained.
- [RunProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RunProcess.en.md): RunProcess[command] runs the specified external command, returning information on the outcome. RunProcess[{ command, arg1, arg2, ...}] runs the specified command, with command-line arguments argi. RunProcess[command,  prop] returns only the specified property. RunProcess[command, prop, input] feeds the specified initial input to the command.
- [RunScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RunScheduledTask.en.md): RunScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskExecute, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [RunThrough](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RunThrough.en.md): RunThrough[command, expr] executes an external command, giving the printed form of expr as input and taking the output, reading it as Wolfram Language input, and returning the result.
- [RuntimeAttributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RuntimeAttributes.en.md): RuntimeAttributes is an option for Compile that specifies attributes for the compiled function it creates.
- [RuntimeOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RuntimeOptions.en.md): RuntimeOptions is an option for Compile that specifies runtime settings for the compiled function it creates.
- [RussellRaoDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RussellRaoDissimilarity.en.md): RussellRaoDissimilarity[u, v] gives the Russell-Rao dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.
- [SameAs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SameAs.en.md): SameAs[y] is an operator form that yields x === y when applied to an expression x.
- [SameQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SameQ.en.md): lhs === rhs yields True if the expression lhs is identical to rhs, and yields False otherwise.
- [SameTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SameTest.en.md): SameTest is an option whose setting gives a pairwise comparison function to determine whether expressions should be considered the same.
- [SameTestProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SameTestProperties.en.md): SameTestProperties is an option for set operations on entity classes whose setting gives the properties that are used to decide whether two given entities are the same.
- [SampledEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SampledEntityClass.en.md): SampledEntityClass[class, n] represents an entity class containing n entities from class. SampledEntityClass[class, {m, n}] represents an entity class containing entities m through n of class.
- [SampleDepth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SampleDepth.en.md): SampleDepth is an option for sound primitives that specifies how many bits should be used to encode sound amplitude levels.
- [SampledSoundFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SampledSoundFunction.en.md): SampledSoundFunction[f, n, r] is a sound primitive that represents a sound whose amplitude sampled r times a second is generated by applying the function f to successive integers from 1 to n.
- [SampledSoundList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SampledSoundList.en.md): SampledSoundList[{a1, a2, ...}, r] is a sound primitive that represents a sound whose amplitude has levels ai sampled r times a second.
- [SampleRate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SampleRate.en.md): SampleRate is an option that specifies the number of samples per second for sound and signal processing functions.
- [SamplerModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SamplerModel.en.md): SamplerModel[] represents the single-input, single-output model of a sampler. SamplerModel[specs] represents a sampler with specification specs.
- [SamplingPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SamplingPeriod.en.md): SamplingPeriod is an option to StateSpaceModel etc. that specifies the sampling period.
- [SARIMAProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SARIMAProcess.en.md): SARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, d, {b1, ..., bq}, {s, {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]m}, \\[Delta], {\\[Beta]1, \\ ..., \\[Beta]r}}, v] represents a seasonal integrated autoregressive moving-average process with ARIMA coefficients ai, d, and bj; seasonal order s; seasonal ARIMA coefficients \\[Alpha]i, \\[Delta], and \\[Beta]j; seasonal integration order \\[Delta]; and normal white noise with variance v. SARIMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, d, {b1, ..., bq}, {s, {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]m}, \\[Delta], ...
- [SARMAProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SARMAProcess.en.md): SARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, {s, {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]m}, {\\[Beta]1, \\ ..., \\[Beta]r}}, v] represents a weakly stationary seasonal autoregressive moving-average process with ARMA coefficients ai and bj, seasonal order s, seasonal ARMA coefficients \\[Alpha]i and \\[Beta]j, and normal white noise with variance v. SARMAProcess[{a1, ..., ap}, {b1, ..., bq}, {s, {\\[Alpha]1, ..., \\[Alpha]m}, {\\[Beta]1, \\ ..., \\[Beta]r}}, \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a weakly stationary ...
- [SASTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SASTriangle.en.md): SASTriangle[a, \\[Gamma], b] returns a filled triangle with sides of length a and b and angle \\[Gamma] between them.
- [SatelliteData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatelliteData.en.md): SatelliteData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the satellite entity. SatelliteData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified satellite entities. SatelliteData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [SatisfiabilityCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiabilityCount.en.md): SatisfiabilityCount[bf] counts the number of possible combinations of variable values that yield True when supplied as arguments to the Boolean function bf. SatisfiabilityCount[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] counts the number of possible combinations of the ai that make the Boolean expression expr be true.
- [SatisfiabilityInstances](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiabilityInstances.en.md): SatisfiabilityInstances[bf] attempts to find a choice of variables that makes the Boolean function bf yield True. SatisfiabilityInstances[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] attempts to find a choice of the ai that makes the Boolean expression expr be True. SatisfiabilityInstances[..., m] attempts to find m choices of variables that yield True.
- [SatisfiableQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiableQ.en.md): SatisfiableQ[bf] gives True if a combination of values of variables exists that makes the Boolean function bf yield True. SatisfiableQ[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] gives True if a combination of values of the ai exists that makes the Boolean expression expr yield True.
- [Saturday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Saturday.en.md): Saturday is a day of the week.
- [Saveable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Saveable.en.md): Saveable is an option for notebooks that specifies whether a notebook can be saved.
- [SaveConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SaveConnection.en.md): SaveConnection is an option for ServiceConnect that determines whether the connection should be saved in the authenticated user's account.
- [SaveDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SaveDefinitions.en.md): SaveDefinitions is an option to Manipulate and related functions that specifies whether current definitions relevant for the evaluation of the expression being manipulated should automatically be saved.
- [Save](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Save.en.md): Save[filename, symbol] appends definitions associated with the specified symbol to a file. Save[filename,  patt] appends definitions associated with all symbols whose names match the string pattern  patt. Save[filename,  context`] appends definitions associated with all symbols in the specified context. Save[filename, {object1, object2, ...}] appends definitions associated with several objects.
- [SavitzkyGolayMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SavitzkyGolayMatrix.en.md): SavitzkyGolayMatrix[r, k] gives a matrix corresponding to a smoothing kernel of radius r for performing polynomial regression of degree k. SavitzkyGolayMatrix[{r1, r2}, {k1, k2}] gives a matrix for performing polynomial regression of degree k1 over a window of radius r1 along rows, and degree k2 over a window of radius r2 along columns. SavitzkyGolayMatrix[r, k, n] gives a matrix for performing the n^th derivative of a polynomial regression of degree k. SavitzkyGolayMatrix[{r1, r2 ... }, {k1, ...
- [SawtoothWave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SawtoothWave.en.md): SawtoothWave[x] gives a sawtooth wave that varies from 0 to 1 with unit period. SawtoothWave[{min, max}, x] gives a sawtooth wave that varies from min to max with unit period.
- [Scaled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Scaled.en.md): Scaled[{x, y, ...}] gives the position of a graphical object in terms of coordinates scaled to run from 0 to 1 across the whole plot range in each direction. Scaled[{dx, dy, ...}, {x0, y0, ...}] gives a position obtained by starting at ordinary coordinates {x0, y0, ...}, then moving by a scaled offset {dx, dy, ...}.
- [ScaleDivisions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScaleDivisions.en.md): ScaleDivisions is an option for gauge functions that specifies how many tick marks should be drawn on the scale.
- [Scale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Scale.en.md): Scale[g, s] represents graphics primitives g scaled by a factor s. Scale[g, s, {x, y, ...}] scales with the point {x, y, ...} kept fixed. Scale[g, {sx, sy, ...}, ...] scales by different factors along different axes.
- [ScaleOrigin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScaleOrigin.en.md): ScaleOrigin is an option for gauge functions that describes how to position the scale on the gauge.
- [ScalePadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScalePadding.en.md): ScalePadding is an option for gauge functions that specifies how much space to leave around the scale.
- [ScaleRanges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScaleRanges.en.md): ScaleRanges is an option for gauge functions that describes how to draw sections of the scale.
- [ScaleRangeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScaleRangeStyle.en.md): ScaleRangeStyle is an option for gauge functions to describe how to style different sections of the scale.
- [ScalingFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScalingFunctions.en.md): ScalingFunctions is an option for ListPlot, BarChart, Histogram, and other plotting functions that specifies what scaling functions should be used.
- [ScalingMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScalingMatrix.en.md): ScalingMatrix[{sx, sy, ...}] gives the matrix corresponding to scaling by a factor si along each coordinate axis. ScalingMatrix[s, v] gives the matrix corresponding to scaling by a factor s along the direction of the vector v.
- [ScalingTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScalingTransform.en.md): ScalingTransform[{sx, sy, ...}] gives a TransformationFunction that represents scaling by a factor si along each coordinate axis from the origin. ScalingTransform[{sx, sy, ...}, p] gives scaling centered at the point p. ScalingTransform[s, v] gives scaling by a factor s along the direction of the vector v. ScalingTransform[s, v, p] gives scaling along the direction of v, centered at the point p.
- [Scan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Scan.en.md): Scan[f, expr] evaluates f applied to each element of expr in turn. Scan[f, expr, levelspec] applies f to parts of expr specified by levelspec. Scan[f] represents an operator form of Scan that can be applied to an expression.
- [ScheduledTaskActiveQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScheduledTaskActiveQ.en.md): ScheduledTaskActiveQ is being phased out in favor of TaskObject, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [ScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScheduledTask.en.md): ScheduledTask[expr, timespec] represents a scheduled task to be evaluated on the schedule defined by timespec.
- [ScheduledTaskInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScheduledTaskInformation.en.md): ScheduledTaskInformation is being phased out in favor of TaskObject, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [ScheduledTaskObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScheduledTaskObject.en.md): ScheduledTaskObject is being phased out in favor of TaskObject, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [ScheduledTasks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScheduledTasks.en.md): As of Version 11.2, ScheduledTasks has been superseded by the more general function Tasks.
- [SchrodingerPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SchrodingerPDEComponent.en.md): SchrodingerPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a Schrödinger PDE term with model variables vars and model parameters pars.
- [SchurDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SchurDecomposition.en.md): SchurDecomposition[m] yields the Schur decomposition for a numerical matrix m, given as a list {q, t} where q is a unitary matrix and t is a block upper-triangular matrix. SchurDecomposition[{m, a}] gives the generalized Schur decomposition of m with respect to a.
- [ScientificForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScientificForm.en.md): ScientificForm[expr] prints with all real numbers in expr given in scientific notation. ScientificForm[expr, n] prints with numbers given to n-digit precision.
- [ScientificNotationThreshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScientificNotationThreshold.en.md): ScientificNotationThreshold is an option for NumberForm and related functions that specifies the threshold between the use of decimal notation and scientific notation to represent real numbers.
- [ScorerGi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScorerGi.en.md): ScorerGi[z] gives the Scorer function ScorerGi[z].
- [ScorerGiPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScorerGiPrime.en.md): ScorerGiPrime[z] gives the derivative of the Scorer function Derivative[1][Gi](z).
- [ScorerHi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScorerHi.en.md): ScorerHi[z] gives the Scorer function ScorerHi[z].
- [ScorerHiPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScorerHiPrime.en.md): ScorerHiPrime[z] gives the derivative of the Scorer function Derivative[1][Hi](z).
- [ScreenRectangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScreenRectangle.en.md): As of Version 12.2, ScreenRectangle has been superseded by SystemInformation[Devices, ScreenInformation].
- [ScreenStyleEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScreenStyleEnvironment.en.md): ScreenStyleEnvironment is an option for notebooks that specifies the style environment to be used in displaying a notebook on the screen.
- [ScriptBaselineShifts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScriptBaselineShifts.en.md): ScriptBaselineShifts is an option for Style that specifies the minimum distance in x-heights to shift subscripts and superscripts.
- [ScriptLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScriptLevel.en.md): ScriptLevel is an option for selections that is used in determining the font size of modifiers such as subscripts and superscripts in a nested expression.
- [ScriptMinSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScriptMinSize.en.md): ScriptMinSize is an option for Style which specifies the minimum font size to use in rendering subscripts, etc.
- [ScriptSizeMultipliers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScriptSizeMultipliers.en.md): ScriptSizeMultipliers is an option for Style that specifies how much smaller to render each successive level of subscripts, etc.
- [Scrollbars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Scrollbars.en.md): Scrollbars is an option for Pane that specifies whether scrollbars should be displayed.
- [ScrollingOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScrollingOptions.en.md): ScrollingOptions is an option for notebooks that specifies settings for scrolling.
- [ScrollPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScrollPosition.en.md): ScrollPosition is an option for Pane that specifies the scroll position of the contents of the pane.
- [ScrollVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ScrollVideo.en.md): ScrollVideo[in] generates a video by scrolling though the input in vertically. ScrollVideo[nb] generates a video by scrolling though the notebook nb vertically. ScrollVideo[..., ar] generates a video with the aspect ratio ar.
- [SearchAdjustment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SearchAdjustment.en.md): SearchAdjustment[query, w] represents a component of a search query that is to be treated as having weight w. SearchAdjustment[query, ..., opts] represents a component of a search query with certain options.
- [SearchIndexObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SearchIndexObject.en.md): SearchIndexObject[loc] represents a search index object, as created by CreateSearchIndex. SearchIndexObject[name] represents the search index with the specified name in the SearchIndices[] list.
- [SearchIndices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SearchIndices.en.md): SearchIndices[] returns a list with all the locally stored instances of SearchIndexObject.
- [SearchQueryString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SearchQueryString.en.md): SearchQueryString[query] represents a search engine-style query in TextSearch and related functions.
- [SearchResultObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SearchResultObject.en.md): SearchResultObject[...] represents a result from TextSearch[...] and related functions.
- [SecDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SecDegrees.en.md): SecDegrees[\\[Theta]] gives the secant of \\[Theta] degrees.
- [Sec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sec.en.md): Sec[z] gives the secant of z.
- [SechDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SechDistribution.en.md): SechDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents the hyperbolic secant distribution with location parameter \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. SechDistribution[] represents the hyperbolic secant distribution with location parameter 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [Sech](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sech.en.md): Sech[z] gives the hyperbolic secant of z.
- [SecondOrderConeOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SecondOrderConeOptimization.en.md): SecondOrderConeOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the linear objective f subject to second-order cone and/or linear constraints cons. SecondOrderConeOptimization[c, {{a1, b1, \\[Alpha]1, \\[Beta]1}, ..., {ak, bk, \\[Alpha]k, \\[Beta]k}}] finds a vector x that minimizes c . x subject to the constraints Norm[ai . x + bi] <= \\[Alpha]i . x + \\[Beta]i. SecondOrderConeOptimization[c, ..., {dom1, dom2, ...}] takes xi to be in the domain domi, where domi is ...
- [SectorChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorChart3D.en.md): SectorChart3D[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}] makes a 3D sector chart with sector angle proportional to xi, radius yi, and height zi. SectorChart3D[{..., wi[{xi, yi, zi}, ...], ..., wj[{xj, yj, zj}, ...], ...}] makes a 3D sector chart with sector features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. SectorChart3D[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a 3D sector chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [SectorChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorChart.en.md): SectorChart[{{x1, y1}, {x1, y2}, ...}] makes a sector chart with sector angles proportional to xi and radii yi. SectorChart[{..., wi[{xi, yi}, ...], ..., wj[{xj, yj}, ...], ...}] makes a sector chart with sector features defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. SectorChart[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a sector chart from multiple datasets datai.
- [SectorOrigin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorOrigin.en.md): SectorOrigin is an option to PieChart and related functions that specifies where sectors should start.
- [SectorSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorSpacing.en.md): SectorSpacing is an option to PieChart and related functions that specifies radial spacing of sectors.
- [SecuredAuthenticationKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SecuredAuthenticationKey.en.md): SecuredAuthenticationKey[assoc] represents a secured authentication key with credentials and details specified by the association assoc.
- [SecuredAuthenticationKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SecuredAuthenticationKeys.en.md): SecuredAuthenticationKeys[] retrieves a list of all instances of SecuredAuthenticationKey owned by the currently connected user. SecuredAuthenticationKeys[name] retrieves a SecuredAuthenticationKey identified by  name owned by the currently connected user, if it exists.
- [SecurityCertificate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SecurityCertificate.en.md): SecurityCertificate[assoc] represents the security certificate issued for a public key.
- [SeedRandom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeedRandom.en.md): SeedRandom[s] resets the pseudorandom generator, using s as a seed. SeedRandom[] resets the generator, using as a seed the time of day and certain attributes of the current Wolfram System session.
- [Selectable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Selectable.en.md): Selectable is an option for displayed objects, cells, and notebooks that specifies whether their contents can be selected interactively using the front end.
- [SelectComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectComponents.en.md): SelectComponents[{image, lmat}, crit] selects components of image indicated by the label matrix lmat that satisfy crit, replacing other parts with black. SelectComponents[image, crit] selects connected components of image. SelectComponents[...,  prop, n] computes the property  prop and selects the first n in sorted order. SelectComponents[...,  prop, n, p] sorts computed properties using the ordering function p.
- [SelectedCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectedCells.en.md): SelectedCells[notebook] returns a list of CellObject expressions corresponding to the currently selected cells in notebook. SelectedCells[] returns the currently selected cells in the notebook in which this function is being evaluated.
- [SelectedNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectedNotebook.en.md): SelectedNotebook[] gives the currently selected notebook in the front end.
- [Select](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Select.en.md): Select[data, crit] picks out all elements ei of data for which crit[ei] is True. Select[data, crit -> prop] returns the property prop of the selected elements. Select[data, crit, n] picks out the first n elements for which crit[ei] is True. Select[crit] represents an operator form of Select that can be applied to an expression.
- [SelectFirst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectFirst.en.md): SelectFirst[data, crit] gives the first ei of data for which crit[ei] is True, or Missing[NotFound] if none is found. SelectFirst[data, crit -> prop] returns the property prop of the selected elements. SelectFirst[data, crit, default] gives default if there is no ei of data such that crit[ei] is True. SelectFirst[crit] represents an operator form of SelectFirst that can be applied to an expression.
- [SelectionAnimate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectionAnimate.en.md): As of Version 6.0, SelectionAnimate has been succeeded by ListAnimate.
- [SelectionCreateCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectionCreateCell.en.md): SelectionCreateCell[notebook] copies the contents of the current selection in a notebook into a new cell. SelectionCreateCell[notebook, sel] sets the current selection after the copy to be as specified by sel.
- [SelectionEvaluateCreateCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectionEvaluateCreateCell.en.md): SelectionEvaluateCreateCell[notebook] takes the current selection in a notebook and creates a new cell containing the result obtained by evaluating the contents of the selection using the kernel. SelectionEvaluateCreateCell[notebook, sel] sets the current selection after the evaluation to be as specified by sel.
- [SelectionEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectionEvaluate.en.md): SelectionEvaluate[notebook] replaces the current selection in a notebook with the result obtained by evaluating the contents of the selection in the kernel. SelectionEvaluate[notebook, sel] sets the current selection after the evaluation to be as specified by sel.
- [SelectionMove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelectionMove.en.md): SelectionMove[obj, dir, unit] moves the current selection in an open notebook in the front end in the direction dir by the specified unit. SelectionMove[obj, dir, unit, n] repeats the move n times.
- [SelfLoopStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SelfLoopStyle.en.md): SelfLoopStyle is an option for GraphPlot and related functions that specifies how to draw self-loops that connect a vertex to itself.
- [SemanticImport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticImport.en.md): SemanticImport[file] attempts to import a file semantically to give a Dataset object. SemanticImport[file, type] attempts to interpret all elements in the file as being of the specified type. SemanticImport[file, {type1, type2, ...}] attempts to interpret elements in successive columns as being of the specified types. SemanticImport[file, <|col1 -> type1, col2 -> type2, ...|>] keeps only the columns coli specified by their positions or names. SemanticImport[file, typespec, form] ...
- [SemanticImportString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticImportString.en.md): SemanticImportString[string] attempts to import a string semantically to give a Dataset object. SemanticImportString[string, type] attempts to interpret all elements in the string as being of the specified type. SemanticImportString[string, {type1, type2, ...}] attempts to interpret elements in successive columns as being of the specified types. SemanticImportString[string, <|col1 -> type1, col2 -> type2, ...|>] attempts to interpret elements in the named columns as being of the ...
- [SemanticInterpretation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticInterpretation.en.md): SemanticInterpretation[string] attempts to give the best semantic interpretation of the specified free-form string as a Wolfram Language expression. SemanticInterpretation[string, pattern] filters possible semantic interpretations, returning the best one that matches the specified pattern. SemanticInterpretation[string, pattern, head] returns the semantic interpretation wrapped with the specified head.
- [SemanticRanking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticRanking.en.md): SemanticRanking[{text1, ...}, ref] sorts textual items texti by semantic similarity to the reference string ref. SemanticRanking[list, ref, prop] returns the specified property prop.
- [SemanticSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticSearch.en.md): SemanticSearch[index, query] finds the items similar to query inside index. SemanticSearch[index, query -> f] filters the results using the function f. SemanticSearch[index, query, prop] returns the specified property prop.
- [SemanticSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticSearchIndex.en.md): SemanticSearchIndex[...] represents a semantic search index object. SemanticSearchIndex[source] attempts to recreate a SemanticSearchIndex from source.
- [SemanticSearchIndices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemanticSearchIndices.en.md): SemanticSearchIndices[] returns a list with all the known instances of SemanticSearchIndex. SemanticSearchIndices[patt] returns a list of indices with the name matching the pattern patt.
- [SemialgebraicComponentInstances](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemialgebraicComponentInstances.en.md): SemialgebraicComponentInstances[ineqs, {x1, x2, ...}] gives at least one sample point in each connected component of the semialgebraic set defined by the inequalities ineqs in the variables x1, x2, ....
- [SemidefiniteOptimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SemidefiniteOptimization.en.md): SemidefiniteOptimization[f, cons, vars] finds values of variables vars that minimize the linear objective f subject to semidefinite constraints cons. SemidefiniteOptimization[c, {a0, a1, ..., ak}] finds a vector x that minimizes the quantity c . x subject to the linear matrix inequality constraint a0 + a1 x1 + ... + ak xk \\[SucceedsEqual] {SemidefiniteCone, n} 0. SemidefiniteOptimization[...,  prop] specifies what solution property  prop should be returned.
- [SendMail](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SendMail.en.md): SendMail[body] sends mail consisting of body to the address specified by $CloudUserID. SendMail[{ subject}] sends mail with the specified subject and no body. SendMail[{ subject, body}] sends mail with the specified subject and body. SendMail[{ subject, body, att}] sends mail with the attachment or attachments att. SendMail[to, content] sends mail to the specified To: address. SendMail[{SubscriptBox[to, 1], SubscriptBox[to, 2], ...}, content] sends mail to multiple To: addresses. ...
- [SendMessage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SendMessage.en.md): SendMessage[channel, message] sends a message to the specified channel. SendMessage[channel -> dest, message] sends a message to the destination dest through the specified channel.
- [SequenceAlignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceAlignment.en.md): SequenceAlignment[s1, s2] finds an optimal alignment of sequences of elements in the strings, lists or biomolecular sequences s1 and s2, and yields a list of successive matching and differing sequences.
- [SequenceAttentionLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceAttentionLayer.en.md): SequenceAttentionLayer has been phased out in favor of AttentionLayer, which was introduced in Version 12.0.
- [SequenceCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceCases.en.md): SequenceCases[list, patt] gives a list of the sublists in list that match the sequence pattern patt. SequenceCases[list, patt -> rhs] gives a list of the values of rhs corresponding to sublists that match patt. SequenceCases[list, patt, n] includes only the first n matches.
- [SequenceCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceCount.en.md): SequenceCount[list, sub] gives a count of the number of times sub appears as a sublist of list. SequenceCount[list, patt] gives the number of sublists in list that match the general sequence pattern patt.
- [Sequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sequence.en.md): Sequence[expr1, expr2, ...] represents a sequence of arguments to be spliced automatically into any function.
- [SequenceFold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceFold.en.md): SequenceFold[f, {x1, ..., xn}, {a1, a2, ...}] gives the last element of SequenceFoldList[f, {x1, ..., xn}, {a1, a2, ...}]. SequenceFold[f, {x1, ..., xn}, {a1, a2, ...}, k] applies f to k arguments at each step, with the first n coming from the xi or previous results, and the last k - n coming from the ai.
- [SequenceFoldList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceFoldList.en.md): SequenceFoldList[f, {x1, ..., xn}, {a1, a2, ...}] gives {x1, ..., xn, f[x1, ..., xn, a1], f[x2, ..., xn, f[x1, ..., xn, a1], a2], ...}. SequenceFoldList[f, {x1, ..., xn}, {a1, a2, ...}, k] applies f to k arguments at each step, with the first n coming from the xi or previous results, and the last k - n coming from the ai.
- [SequenceForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceForm.en.md): SequenceForm has been superseded by Row and Text.
- [SequenceHold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceHold.en.md): SequenceHold is an attribute that specifies that Sequence objects appearing in the arguments of a function should not automatically be flattened out.
- [SequenceIndicesLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceIndicesLayer.en.md): SequenceIndicesLayer[] represents a net layer that produces a list of indices for an input sequence.
- [SequenceLastLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceLastLayer.en.md): SequenceLastLayer[] represents a net that takes a sequence of inputs and returns the last element of the sequence.
- [SequenceMostLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceMostLayer.en.md): SequenceMostLayer[] represents a net that takes a sequence of inputs and removes its last element.
- [SequencePosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequencePosition.en.md): SequencePosition[list, sublist] gives a list of the starting and ending positions at which sublist appears in list. SequencePosition[list, patt] gives all positions at which sequences matching patt occur in list. SequencePosition[list, patt, n] includes only the first n occurrences of patt.
- [SequencePredict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequencePredict.en.md): SequencePredict[{seq1, seq2, ...}] generates a SequencePredictorFunction[...] based on the sequences given. SequencePredict[training, seq] attempts to predict the next element in the sequence seq from the training sequences given. SequencePredict[training, {seq1, seq2, ...}] gives predictions for each of the sequences seqi. SequencePredict[name, seq] uses the built-in sequence predictor represented by name. SequencePredict[..., seq, prop] give the specified property of the prediction ...
- [SequencePredictorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequencePredictorFunction.en.md): SequencePredictorFunction[...] represents a function generated by SequencePredict that predicts the next elements from a sequence.
- [SequenceReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceReplace.en.md): SequenceReplace[list, rules] replaces sequences in list according to the specified rule or list of rules. SequenceReplace[list, rules, n] does only the first n replacements. SequenceReplace[rules] represents an operator form of SequenceReplace that can be applied to an expression.
- [SequenceRestLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceRestLayer.en.md): SequenceRestLayer[] represents a net that takes a sequence of inputs and removes its first element.
- [SequenceReverseLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceReverseLayer.en.md): SequenceReverseLayer[] represents a net that reverses the order of an input sequence.
- [SequenceSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceSplit.en.md): SequenceSplit[list, patt] splits list into sublists separated by sequences that match the sequence pattern patt. SequenceSplit[list, patt -> rhs] inserts rhs at the position of each matched sequence. SequenceSplit[list, {patt1 -> rhs1, ...}] inserts rhsi at the position of each patti. SequenceSplit[list, patt, n] splits into at most n sublists.
- [SequenceType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceType.en.md): SequenceType[var] represents a type parameterized by var that refers to a sequence of zero or more types.
- [SeriesCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeriesCoefficient.en.md): SeriesCoefficient[series, n] finds the coefficient of the n^th-order term in a power series in the form generated by Series. SeriesCoefficient[f, {x, x0, n}] finds the coefficient of (x - x0) n in the expansion of f about the point x = x0. SeriesCoefficient[f, {x, x0, nx}, {y, y0, ny}, ...] finds a coefficient in a multivariate series.
- [SeriesData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeriesData.en.md): SeriesData[x, x0, {a0, a1, ...}, nmin, nmax, den] represents a power series in the variable x about the point x0. The ai are the coefficients in the power series. The powers of (x - x0) that appear are nmin/den, (nmin + 1)/den, ..., nmax/den.
- [Series](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Series.en.md): Series[f, {x, x0, n}] generates a power series expansion for f about the point x = x0 to order (x - x0) n, where n is an explicit integer. Series[f, x -> x0] generates the leading term of a power series expansion for f about the point x = x0. Series[f, {x, x0, nx}, {y, y0, ny}, ...] successively finds series expansions with respect to x, then y, etc.
- [SeriesTermGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeriesTermGoal.en.md): SeriesTermGoal is an option for Asymptotic, DiscreteAsymptotic and similar functions that specifies the number of desired terms in an asymptotic approximation.
- [ServiceConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceConnect.en.md): ServiceConnect[service] creates a connection to an external service. ServiceConnect[service, id] uses the specified connection identifier.
- [ServiceDeploy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceDeploy.en.md): ServiceDeploy[service, expr] deploys expr to an anonymous service deployment. ServiceDeploy[service, expr, location] deploys expr to the specified location. ServiceDeploy[service, expr, assoc] deploys expr to the location specified by assoc
- [ServiceDeployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceDeployment.en.md): ServiceDeployment[assoc] represents a service deployment with specification given by assoc.
- [ServiceDisconnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceDisconnect.en.md): ServiceDisconnect[service] disconnects from an external service specified by a ServiceObject.
- [ServiceExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceExecute.en.md): ServiceExecute[service,  req] executes  req on an external service. ServiceExecute[service,  req, {par1 -> val1, ...}] executes  req with the specified settings for parameters. ServiceExecute[req] executes ServiceRequest req on an external service.
- [ServiceObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceObject.en.md): ServiceObject[service, ...] represents an open connection to an external service.
- [ServiceObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceObjects.en.md): ServiceObjects[] lists all service objects. ServiceObjects[service] lists all service objects for a given  service.
- [ServiceRequest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceRequest.en.md): ServiceRequest[service,  req] represents a service request built from service, which might be a connected ServiceObject or a valid service name, and request  req. ServiceRequest[service,  req, param] represents a service request, built from the service service, request  req and parameters param. ServiceRequest[assoc] represents a service request, built from association assoc.
- [ServiceSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ServiceSubmit.en.md): ServiceSubmit[ServiceRequest[assoc]] submits a request to be executed by an external service specified by assoc. ServiceSubmit[ScheduledTask[req, spec]] submits a task to evaluate ServiceRequest req on an external service following the schedule defined by spec. ServiceSubmit[ContinuousTask[req, spec]] submits a task to evaluate ServiceRequest req on an external service; the result of the request is updated whenever available.
- [SessionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SessionSubmit.en.md): SessionSubmit[expr] submits an asynchronous task to evaluate expr in the current session. SessionSubmit[ScheduledTask[expr, spec]] submits a task to evaluate expr in the current session on the schedule defined by spec.
- [SessionTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SessionTime.en.md): SessionTime[] gives the total number of seconds of real time that have elapsed since the beginning of your Wolfram System session.
- [SetAccuracy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetAccuracy.en.md): SetAccuracy[expr, a] yields a version of expr in which all numbers have been set to have accuracy a.
- [SetAlphaChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetAlphaChannel.en.md): SetAlphaChannel[color] adds full opacity to color. SetAlphaChannel[color, a] adds opacity a to color. SetAlphaChannel[image, ...] adds an alpha channel to image. SetAlphaChannel[video, ...] adds an alpha channel to the frames of video.
- [SetAttributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetAttributes.en.md): SetAttributes[symbol, attr] adds attr to the list of attributes of the symbol symbol. SetAttributes[symbol, attr] adds attr to the attributes of the symbol named  symbol if it exists. SetAttributes[s, {attr1, attr2, ...}] sets several attributes at a time. SetAttributes[{s1, s2, ...}, attrs] sets attributes of several symbols at a time.
- [SetCloudDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetCloudDirectory.en.md): SetCloudDirectory[dir] sets the current working directory used for cloud objects to dir. SetCloudDirectory[] sets the current working directory for cloud objects to $CloudRootDirectory.
- [SetCookies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetCookies.en.md): SetCookies[assoc] sets cookies with attributes specified by the association assoc, to be used by functions such as URLExecute. SetCookies[{assoc1, assoc2, ...}] sets a list of cookies.
- [SetDelayed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDelayed.en.md): lhs := rhs assigns rhs to be the delayed value of lhs. rhs is maintained in an unevaluated form. When lhs appears, it is replaced by rhs, evaluated afresh each time.
- [SetDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetDirectory.en.md): SetDirectory[dir] sets the current working directory to dir. SetDirectory[] sets the current working directory to your home directory.
- [Set](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Set.en.md): lhs = rhs evaluates rhs and assigns the result to be the value of lhs. From then on, lhs is replaced by rhs whenever it appears. {l1, l2, ...} = {r1, r2, ...} evaluates the ri, and assigns the results to be the values of the corresponding li.
- [SetEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetEnvironment.en.md): SetEnvironment[var -> value] sets the value of an operating system environment variable. SetEnvironment[{ var -> value, ...}] sets values for several environment variables.
- [SetFileDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetFileDate.en.md): SetFileDate[file] sets the modification and access dates for a file to be the current date.
- [SetFileFormatProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetFileFormatProperties.en.md): SetFileFormatProperties[fmt,  prop -> val] sets the value of a property  prop for the specified format  fmt. SetFileFormatProperties[fmt, {SubscriptBox[prop, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[prop, 2] -> val2, ...}] sets the value of multiple properties SubscriptBox[prop, i].
- [SetOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetOptions.en.md): SetOptions[s, name1 -> value1, name2 -> value2, ...] sets the specified default options for a symbol s. SetOptions[stream, ...] or SetOptions[name, ...] sets options associated with a particular stream. SetOptions[object, ...] sets options associated with an external object such as a NotebookObject or CloudObject.
- [SetPermissions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetPermissions.en.md): SetPermissions[obj,  pstring] sets permissions for the cloud object obj to be as specified by the string pstring. SetPermissions[obj, class -> per] sets permissions for the specified class of users to be per. SetPermissions[pers] sets permissions as specified by pers for the cloud object corresponding to the current document.
- [SetPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetPrecision.en.md): SetPrecision[expr, p] yields a version of expr in which all numbers have been set to have precision p.
- [SetProperty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetProperty.en.md): As of Version 12.1, SetProperty has been superseded by Annotate.
- [SetSelectedNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSelectedNotebook.en.md): SetSelectedNotebook[obj] makes the notebook corresponding to obj be the currently selected one in the front end.
- [SetSharedFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedFunction.en.md): SetSharedFunction[f1, f2, ...] declares the symbols fi as shared functions that are synchronized among all parallel kernels.
- [SetSharedVariable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedVariable.en.md): SetSharedVariable[s1, s2, ...] declares the symbols si as shared variables whose values are synchronized among all parallel kernels.
- [SetStreamPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetStreamPosition.en.md): SetStreamPosition[stream, n] sets the current point in an open stream.
- [SetSystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSystemModel.en.md): SetSystemModel[model, spec] changes model parameters, initializations or other properties in place.
- [SetSystemOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSystemOptions.en.md): SetSystemOptions[name -> value] resets the value for the internal system option with the specified name.
- [SetterBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetterBar.en.md): SetterBar[x, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a setter bar with setting x and with setter buttons for values vali. SetterBar[Dynamic[x], {val1, val2, ...}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset every time a setter button is clicked. SetterBar[x, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] represents a setter bar in which the setter button giving value vali has label lbli.
- [Setter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Setter.en.md): Setter[x, val] represents a setter button whose setting x is set to val when the button is clicked. The button is labeled with val, and appears pressed if the value of x is val, and unpressed otherwise. Setter[Dynamic[x], val] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if the button is clicked. Setter[x, val, label] labels the setter button with label. Setter[x, {val1, val2, ...}, label] represents a setter button that sets x to valn if ...
- [Setting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Setting.en.md): Setting[expr] replaces forms and control objects such as sliders or popup menus in expr by their settings.
- [SetUsers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetUsers.en.md): SetUsers[group, {user1, ...}] sets the members of the permissions group group to be {user1, ...}.
- [Shading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Shading.en.md): As of Version 6.0, Shading has been superseded by ColorFunction.
- [Shallow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Shallow.en.md): Shallow[expr] prints as a shallow form of expr. Shallow[expr, depth] prints with all parts of expr below the specified depth given in skeleton form. Shallow[expr, {depth, length}] also gives parts whose lengths are above the specified limit in skeleton form. Shallow[expr, {depth, length}, form] uses skeleton form for any parts that match the pattern form.
- [ShannonWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShannonWavelet.en.md): ShannonWavelet[] represents the Shannon wavelet evaluated on the equally spaced interval {-10, 10}. ShannonWavelet[lim] represents the Shannon wavelet evaluated on the equally spaced interval {-lim, lim}.
- [ShapiroWilkTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShapiroWilkTest.en.md): ShapiroWilkTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. ShapiroWilkTest[data,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [Share](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Share.en.md): Share[expr] changes the way expr is stored internally, to try and minimize the amount of memory used. Share[] tries to minimize the memory used to store all expressions.
- [SharingList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SharingList.en.md): SharingList is an option for CloudObject and related constructs that specifies with whom the object has been shared.
- [Sharpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sharpen.en.md): Sharpen[image] gives a sharpened version of image. Sharpen[image, r] gives a version of image sharpened over pixel radius r.
- [ShearingMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShearingMatrix.en.md): ShearingMatrix[\\[Theta], v, n] gives the matrix corresponding to shearing by \\[Theta] radians along the direction of the vector v, and normal to the vector n.
- [ShearingTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShearingTransform.en.md): ShearingTransform[\\[Theta], v, n] gives a TransformationFunction that represents a shear by \\[Theta] radians along the direction of the vector v, normal to the vector n, and keeping the origin fixed. ShearingTransform[\\[Theta], v, n, p] gives a shear that keeps the point p fixed, rather than the origin.
- [ShellRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShellRegion.en.md): ShellRegion[reg] gives a solid shell of a 3D region reg. ShellRegion[reg, t] gives a solid shell of reg with minimal thickness t.
- [ShenCastanMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShenCastanMatrix.en.md): ShenCastanMatrix[r] gives a matrix that corresponds to an exponential kernel of radius r. ShenCastanMatrix[{r, \\[Sigma]}] gives a matrix corresponding to an exponential kernel with radius r and region of support specified by \\[Sigma]. ShenCastanMatrix[r, {n1, n2}] gives a matrix formed from the n1^th derivative of the exponential with respect to rows and the n2^th derivative with respect to columns. ShenCastanMatrix[r, {{n11, n12}, {n21, n22}, ...}] gives a matrix formed from the sums of the ...
- [ShiftedGompertzDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShiftedGompertzDistribution.en.md): ShiftedGompertzDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Xi]] represents a shifted Gompertz distribution with scale parameter \\[Lambda] and shape parameter \\[Xi].
- [ShiftRegisterSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShiftRegisterSequence.en.md): ShiftRegisterSequence[n] gives a complete maximum-length sequence for a size n linear-feedback shift register. ShiftRegisterSequence[{n, {tap1, tap2, ...}}] gives the complete sequence for a linear-feedback shift register with size n and taps at positions tapi. ShiftRegisterSequence[poly] gives the sequence for a linear-feedback shift register with feedback polynomial poly. ShiftRegisterSequence[{n, {tap1, tap2, ...}, f}] gives the sequence for a shift register with feedback function f. ...
- [ShortDownArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortDownArrow.en.md): ShortDownArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[ShortDownArrow]y\\[ShortDownArrow]....
- [Short](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Short.en.md): Short[expr] prints as a short form of expr, less than about one line long. Short[expr, n] prints as a form of expr about n lines long.
- [ShortestCurveDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortestCurveDistance.en.md): ShortestCurveDistance[reg, s, t] gives the minimal distance between two points s and t on the geometric region reg.
- [Shortest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Shortest.en.md): Shortest[p] is a pattern object that matches the shortest sequence consistent with the pattern p.
- [ShortestMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortestMatch.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ShortestMatch has been superseded by the pattern object Shortest.
- [ShortestPathFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortestPathFunction.en.md): ShortestPathFunction[type, data] represents a function that gives the shortest path from a source vertex s to target vertex t in a graph.
- [ShortLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortLeftArrow.en.md): ShortLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[ShortLeftArrow] y \\[ShortLeftArrow] ....
- [ShortRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortRightArrow.en.md): ShortRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[ShortRightArrow] y \\[ShortRightArrow] ....
- [ShortTimeFourierData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortTimeFourierData.en.md): ShortTimeFourierData[assoc] represents the result and properties of a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of a signal.
- [ShortTimeFourier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortTimeFourier.en.md): ShortTimeFourier[data] returns the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of data as a ShortTimeFourierData object. ShortTimeFourier[data, n] uses partitions of length n. ShortTimeFourier[data, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. ShortTimeFourier[data, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. ShortTimeFourier[data, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform.
- [ShortUpArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShortUpArrow.en.md): ShortUpArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[ShortUpArrow]y\\[ShortUpArrow]....
- [ShowAutoSpellCheck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowAutoSpellCheck.en.md): ShowAutoSpellCheck is an option for Cell that specifies whether to highlight misspelled words.
- [ShowAutoStyles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowAutoStyles.en.md): ShowAutoStyles is an option for Cell that specifies whether styles that are specified to be automatically used for various syntactic and other constructs should be shown.
- [ShowCellBracket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowCellBracket.en.md): ShowCellBracket is an option for Cell that specifies whether to display the bracket that indicates the extent of the cell.
- [ShowCellLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowCellLabel.en.md): ShowCellLabel is an option for Cell that specifies whether to display the label for a cell.
- [ShowCellTags](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowCellTags.en.md): ShowCellTags is an option for Cell that specifies whether to display tags for a cell.
- [ShowChatbar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowChatbar.en.md): ShowChatbar is a notebook option that specifies whether to display a floating chatbar across the bottom to initiate AI chat inputs.
- [ShowClosedCellArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowClosedCellArea.en.md): ShowClosedCellArea is an option for cells that specifies whether a rectangular bar is displayed next to a closed cell group to indicate the number of cells in the group.
- [ShowContents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowContents.en.md): ShowContents is an option for Style, Cell and related constructs that determines whether an object should be displayed.
- [ShowCursorTracker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowCursorTracker.en.md): ShowCursorTracker is an option for Cell that specifies whether an elliptical spot should appear momentarily to guide the eye if the cursor position jumps.
- [Show](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Show.en.md): Show[graphics, options] shows graphics with the specified options added. Show[g1, g2, ...] shows several graphics combined.
- [ShowGroupOpener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowGroupOpener.en.md): ShowGroupOpener is an option for cells that specifies whether an opener icon is displayed next to the leading cell in a cell group to indicate whether the cell group is open or closed.
- [ShowPageBreaks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowPageBreaks.en.md): ShowPageBreaks is a notebook option that specifies whether to indicate in the on-screen display of a notebook where page breaks would occur if the notebook were printed.
- [ShowSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowSelection.en.md): ShowSelection is an option to Notebook, Cell, and Style that specifies whether to show the current selection highlighted.
- [ShowShortBoxForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowShortBoxForm.en.md): ShowShortBoxForm is an option for cells that specifies whether box expressions, which are used to represent two-dimensional forms in a cell, are displayed in a more compact notation when the expression for that cell is viewed.
- [ShowSpecialCharacters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowSpecialCharacters.en.md): ShowSpecialCharacters is an option for Style and Cell that specifies whether to replace \\[Name], \\: nnnn, etc. by explicit special characters.
- [ShowStringCharacters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowStringCharacters.en.md): ShowStringCharacters is an option for Cell that specifies whether to display \ when a string is entered.
- [ShowSubtitles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShowSubtitles.en.md): ShowSubtitles is an option for Video and other functions that specifies whether to display the subtitle tracks.
- [ShrinkingDelay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ShrinkingDelay.en.md): ShrinkingDelay is an option for dynamic objects that specifies how long to delay before shrinking the size of the region in which the object is displayed to the actual size of the object.
- [SiderealTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SiderealTime.en.md): SiderealTime[] gives the right ascension of the local meridian for the current date and location. SiderealTime[date] gives the right ascension of the local meridian for the specified date. SiderealTime[loc] gives the right ascension of the local meridian for the specified location. SiderealTime[loc, date] gives the right ascension of the local meridian for the specified location and date. SiderealTime[{{loc1, date1}, {loc2, date2}, ...}] gives the right ascensions of the local meridians for ...
- [SiegelTheta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SiegelTheta.en.md): SiegelTheta[\\[CapitalOmega], s] gives the Siegel theta function \\[CapitalTheta] (\\[CapitalOmega], s) with Riemann modular matrix \\[CapitalOmega] and vector s. SiegelTheta[{\\[Nu]1, \\[Nu]2}, \\[CapitalOmega], s] gives the Siegel theta function \\[CapitalTheta] [\\[Nu]1, \\[Nu]2] ( \\[CapitalOmega], s) with characteristics \\[Nu] 1 and \\[Nu] 2.
- [SiegelTukeyTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SiegelTukeyTest.en.md): SiegelTukeyTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the variances of data1 and data2 are equal. SiegelTukeyTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2] tests a dispersion measure against \\[Sigma]_0^2. SiegelTukeyTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]_0^2,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [SierpinskiCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SierpinskiCurve.en.md): SierpinskiCurve[n] gives the line segments representing the n^th-step Sierpiński curve.
- [SierpinskiMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SierpinskiMesh.en.md): SierpinskiMesh[n] gives a mesh region representing the n^th-step Sierpiński triangle. SierpinskiMesh[n, d] gives the n^th-step Sierpiński sponge in dimension d.
- [Signature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Signature.en.md): Signature[list] gives the signature of the permutation needed to place the elements of list in canonical order.
- [SignedRankTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SignedRankTest.en.md): SignedRankTest[data] tests whether the median of data is zero. SignedRankTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the median of data1 - data2 is zero. SignedRankTest[dspec, \\[Mu] 0] tests a location measure against \\[Mu] 0. SignedRankTest[dspec, \\[Mu] 0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [SignedRegionDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SignedRegionDistance.en.md): SignedRegionDistance[reg, p] gives the minimum distance from the point p to the region reg if p is outside the region and the minimum distance to the complement of reg if p is inside the region. SignedRegionDistance[reg] gives a RegionDistanceFunction[...] that can be applied repeatedly to different points.
- [Sign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sign.en.md): Sign[x] gives -1, 0, or 1 depending on whether x is negative, zero, or positive.
- [SignificanceLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SignificanceLevel.en.md): SignificanceLevel is an option to VarianceTest and similar functions that controls cutoffs for diagnostic tests as well as test conclusions.
- [SignPadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SignPadding.en.md): SignPadding is an option for NumberForm and related functions that specifies whether padding should be inserted after signs.
- [SignTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SignTest.en.md): SignTest[data] tests whether the median of data is zero. SignTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the median of data1- data2 is zero. SignTest[dspec, \\[Mu] 0] tests a location measure against \\[Mu] 0. SignTest[dspec, \\[Mu] 0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [SimilarityRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimilarityRules.en.md): SimilarityRules is an option for functions such as SequenceAlignment that gives a list of rules for similarity scores to assume between pairs of elements.
- [SimpleGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimpleGraph.en.md): SimpleGraph[g] gives the underlying simple graph from the graph g. SimpleGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [SimpleGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimpleGraphQ.en.md): SimpleGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a simple graph and False otherwise.
- [SimplePolygonQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimplePolygonQ.en.md): SimplePolygonQ[poly] gives True if the polygon poly is simple and False otherwise.
- [SimplePolyhedronQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimplePolyhedronQ.en.md): SimplePolyhedronQ[poly] gives True if the polyhedron poly is simple and False otherwise.
- [Simplex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Simplex.en.md): Simplex[{p1, ..., pk}] represents the simplex spanned by points pi.
- [Simplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Simplify.en.md): Simplify[expr] performs a sequence of algebraic and other transformations on expr and returns the simplest form it finds. Simplify[expr, assum] does simplification using assumptions.
- [SimplifyMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimplifyMesh.en.md): SimplifyMesh[mesh] simplifies the mesh region mesh by reducing the number of polygons and keeping the overall shape. SimplifyMesh[mesh, crit] reduces the number of polygons using the specified criteria crit.
- [Sinc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sinc.en.md): Sinc[z] gives sinc (z).
- [SinDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SinDegrees.en.md): SinDegrees[\\[Theta]] gives the sine of \\[Theta] degrees.
- [Sin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sin.en.md): Sin[z] gives the sine of z.
- [SinghMaddalaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SinghMaddalaDistribution.en.md): SinghMaddalaDistribution[q, a, b] represents the Singh-Maddala distribution with shape parameters q and a and scale parameter b.
- [SingleLetterItalics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SingleLetterItalics.en.md): SingleLetterItalics is an option for Cell that specifies whether single-letter names should be displayed in italics.
- [SingularValueDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SingularValueDecomposition.en.md): SingularValueDecomposition[m] gives the singular value decomposition for a numerical matrix m as a list of matrices {u, \\[Sigma], v}, where \\[Sigma] is a diagonal matrix and m can be written as u . \\[Sigma] . ConjugateTranspose[v]. SingularValueDecomposition[{m, a}] gives the generalized singular value decomposition of m with respect to a. SingularValueDecomposition[m, spec] gives the singular value decomposition associated with the largest singular values specified by spec.
- [SingularValueList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SingularValueList.en.md): SingularValueList[m] gives a list of the nonzero singular values of a matrix m. SingularValueList[{m, a}] gives the generalized singular values of m with respect to a. SingularValueList[m, k] gives the k largest singular values of m. SingularValueList[{m, a}, k] gives the k largest generalized singular values of m.
- [SingularValuePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SingularValuePlot.en.md): SingularValuePlot[lsys] generates a plot of the singular values of the transfer function for the system lsys. SingularValuePlot[lsys, {\\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots for the frequency range \\[Omega]min to \\[Omega]max. SingularValuePlot[expr, {\\[Omega], \\[Omega]min, \\[Omega]max}] plots expr using the variable \\[Omega].
- [SingularValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SingularValues.en.md): Since Version 5.0 (released in 2003), SingularValues has been superseded by SingularValueList and SingularValueDecomposition.
- [Sinh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sinh.en.md): Sinh[z] gives the hyperbolic sine of z.
- [SinhIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SinhIntegral.en.md): SinhIntegral[z] gives the hyperbolic sine integral function SinhIntegral[z].
- [SinIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SinIntegral.en.md): SinIntegral[z] gives the sine integral function SinIntegral[z] == \\[Integral]_0^zsin (t)/ t\\ d t.
- [SixJSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SixJSymbol.en.md): SixJSymbol[{j1, j2, j3}, {j4, j5, j6}] gives the values of the Wigner 6-j symbol.
- [Skeleton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Skeleton.en.md): Skeleton[n] represents a sequence of n omitted elements in an expression printed with Short or Shallow. The standard print form for Skeleton is <<n>>.
- [SkeletonTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SkeletonTransform.en.md): SkeletonTransform[image] gives the skeleton transform of image, in which the value of each skeleton pixel is its distance to the nearest background pixel. SkeletonTransform[image, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [SkellamDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SkellamDistribution.en.md): SkellamDistribution[\\[Mu]1, \\[Mu]2] represents a Skellam distribution with shape parameters \\[Mu]1 and \\[Mu]2.
- [Skewness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Skewness.en.md): Skewness[data] gives the coefficient of skewness estimate for the elements in data. Skewness[dist] gives the coefficient of skewness for the distribution dist.
- [SkewNormalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SkewNormalDistribution.en.md): SkewNormalDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Alpha]] represents a skew-normal distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha], location parameter \\[Mu], and scale parameter \\[Sigma].
- [SkinStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SkinStyle.en.md): As of Version 12.0, SkinStyle has been superseded by AnatomySkinStyle.
- [Skip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Skip.en.md): Skip[stream, type] skips one object of the specified type in an input stream. Skip[stream, type, n] skips n objects of the specified type.
- [SliceContourPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SliceContourPlot3D.en.md): SliceContourPlot3D[f, surf, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a contour plot of f over the slice surface surf as a function of x, y, and z. SliceContourPlot3D[f, surf, {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] restricts the surface to be within region reg. SliceContourPlot3D[f, {surf1, surf2, ...}, ...] generates contour plots over several slices.
- [SliceDensityPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SliceDensityPlot3D.en.md): SliceDensityPlot3D[f, surf, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a density plot of f over the slice surface surf as a function of x, y, and z. SliceDensityPlot3D[f, surf, {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] restricts the surface to be within region reg. SliceDensityPlot3D[f, {surf1, surf2, ...}, ...] generates density plots over several slices.
- [SliceDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SliceDistribution.en.md): SliceDistribution[proc, t] represents the distribution of the process state at time t. SliceDistribution[proc, {t1, ..., tk}] represents the joint distribution of process states at times t1 < \\[CenterEllipsis] < tk.
- [SliceVectorPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SliceVectorPlot3D.en.md): SliceVectorPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, surf, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a vector plot of the field {vx, vy, vz} over the slice surface surf. SliceVectorPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, surf, {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] restricts the surface surf to be within the region reg. SliceVectorPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, {surf1, surf2, ...}, ...] generates vector plots over several slice surfaces surfi.
- [Slider2D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Slider2D.en.md): Slider2D[{x, y}] represents a 2D slider with settings x and y in the range 0 to 1. Slider2D[Dynamic[pt]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of pt, with the value of pt being reset if the slider is moved. Slider2D[pt, {min, max}] represents a 2D slider with range min to max in each direction. Slider2D[pt, {min, max, d}] represents a 2D slider that jumps in steps d in each direction. Slider2D[pt, {{xmin, ymin}, {xmax, ymax}}] specifies different ranges in x and y ...
- [SliderBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SliderBox.en.md): SliderBox[x] is a low-level box construct that represents a slider with setting x in the range 0 to 1. SliderBox[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if the slider is moved. SliderBox[x, {xmin, xmax}] represents a slider with range xmin to xmax. SliderBox[x, {xmin, xmax, dx}] represents a slider that jumps in steps dx. SliderBox[x, {{e1, e2, ...}}] represents a slider in which equally spaced intervals correspond to ...
- [SliderBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SliderBoxOptions.en.md): SliderBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for SliderBox objects.
- [Slider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Slider.en.md): Slider[x] represents a slider with setting x in the range 0 to 1. Slider[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset if the slider is moved. Slider[x, {xmin, xmax}] represents a slider with range xmin to xmax. Slider[x, {xmin, xmax, dx}] represents a slider that jumps in steps dx. Slider[x, {{e1, e2, ...}}] represents a slider in which equally spaced intervals correspond to successive settings ei. Slider[x, {{{e1, w1}, {e2, ...
- [SlideShowVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SlideShowVideo.en.md): SlideShowVideo[{image1, image2, ...}] generates a video iterating through all imagei. SlideShowVideo[{image1, image2, ...} -> dt] shows each of the imagei for the duration dt. SlideShowVideo[{{image1, dt1}, {image2, dt2}, ...}] shows each of the imagei for the duration dti. SlideShowVideo[{image1, image2, ...} -> {dt1, dt2, ...}] also shows each of the imagei for the duration dti. SlideShowVideo[tseries] shows values of the time series tseries at their corresponding times.
- [SlideView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SlideView.en.md): SlideView[{expr1, expr2, ...}] represents an object in which the expri are set up to be displayed on successive slides. SlideView[{expr1, expr2, ...}, i] makes the i^th slide be the one currently displayed.
- [Slot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Slot.en.md): # represents the first argument supplied to a pure function. #n represents the n^th argument. #name represents the value associated with key  name in an association in the first argument.
- [SlotSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SlotSequence.en.md): ## represents the sequence of arguments supplied to a pure function. ##n represents the sequence of arguments supplied to a pure function, starting with the n^th argument.
- [SmallCircle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmallCircle.en.md): SmallCircle[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[SmallCircle]y\\[SmallCircle]....
- [Small](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Small.en.md): Small is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be small.
- [Smaller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Smaller.en.md): Smaller is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be smaller.
- [SmithDecomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmithDecomposition.en.md): SmithDecomposition[m] gives the Smith normal form decomposition of an integer matrix m.
- [SmithDelayCompensator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmithDelayCompensator.en.md): SmithDelayCompensator[sys, con] gives the Smith compensator for the time-delay system sys and the delay-free controller con.
- [SmithReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmithReduce.en.md): SmithReduce[m] gives the Smith normal form of an integer matrix m.
- [SmithWatermanSimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmithWatermanSimilarity.en.md): SmithWatermanSimilarity[u, v] gives a number representing the Smith-Waterman similarity between strings, vectors or bio sequences u and v.
- [SmoothDateHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothDateHistogram.en.md): SmoothDateHistogram[{date1, date2, ...}] plots a smooth kernel histogram for the PDF of the dates datei. SmoothDateHistogram[{date1, date2, ...}, espec] plots a smooth kernel histogram with estimator specification espec. SmoothDateHistogram[{date1, date2, ...}, espec, dfun] plots the distribution function dfun. SmoothDateHistogram[{data1, data2, ...}, ...] plots smooth kernel histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [SmoothDensityHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothDensityHistogram.en.md): SmoothDensityHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots a smooth kernel histogram of the values {xi, yi}. SmoothDensityHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, espec] plots a smooth kernel histogram with estimator specification espec. SmoothDensityHistogram[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, espec, dfun] plots the distribution function dfun.
- [SmoothHistogram3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothHistogram3D.en.md): SmoothHistogram3D[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}] plots a 3D smooth kernel histogram of the values {xi, yi}. SmoothHistogram3D[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, espec] plots a 3D smooth kernel histogram with estimator specification espec. SmoothHistogram3D[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...}, espec, dfun] plots the distribution function dfun. SmoothHistogram3D[{data1, data2, ...}, ...] plots smooth kernel histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [SmoothHistogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothHistogram.en.md): SmoothHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}] plots a smooth kernel histogram for the PDF of the values xi. SmoothHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, espec] plots a smooth kernel histogram with estimator specification espec. SmoothHistogram[{x1, x2, ...}, espec, dfun] plots the distribution function dfun. SmoothHistogram[{data1, data2, ...}, ...] plots smooth kernel histograms for multiple datasets datai.
- [SmoothKernelDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothKernelDistribution.en.md): SmoothKernelDistribution[{x1, x2, ...}] represents a smooth kernel distribution based on the data values xi. SmoothKernelDistribution[{{x1, y1, ...}, {x2, y2, ...}, ...}] represents a multivariate smooth kernel distribution based on the data values {xi, yi, ...}. SmoothKernelDistribution[..., bw] represents a smooth kernel distribution with bandwidth bw. SmoothKernelDistribution[..., bw, ker] represents a smooth kernel distribution with bandwidth bw and smoothing kernel ker.
- [SmoothMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothMesh.en.md): SmoothMesh[mesh] smooths a mesh region mesh by adjusting cells and keeping the overall shape.
- [SmoothPointDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmoothPointDensity.en.md): SmoothPointDensity[pdata] estimates the point density function \\[Mu](x) for point data pdata. SmoothPointDensity[pdata, bw] estimates the density for point data pdata with bandwidth bw. SmoothPointDensity[pdata, bw, ker] estimates the density for point data pdata with bandwidth bw and smoothing kernel ker. SmoothPointDensity[bdata, ...] estimates the point density function \\[Mu](x) for binned data bdata. SmoothPointDensity[pproc, ...] computes the density function \\[Mu](x) for point process ...
- [SnDispersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SnDispersion.en.md): SnDispersion[list] gives the Sn statistic of the elements in list. SnDispersion[list, c] gives the Sn statistic with scaling factor c.
- [Snippet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Snippet.en.md): Snippet[doc] gives a snippet of text from a document or other content object. Snippet[doc, n] gives about n lines from the beginning. Snippet[doc, -n] gives about n lines from the end. Snippet[doc, n1 ;; n2] gives a span from lines n1 to n2 Snippet[doc, n1 ;; n2 ;; n3] gives a span from lines n1 to n2 in steps of n3. Snippet[ContentObject[...], SearchResultObject[...]] gives contextual snippets from a content object based on search results.
- [SnippetsVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SnippetsVideo.en.md): SnippetsVideo[video, n] returns a summary video based on n snippets from video. SnippetsVideo[video, timespec] returns a summary video based on snippets taken at times specified by timespec.
- [SnubPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SnubPolyhedron.en.md): SnubPolyhedron[poly] gives the snub polyhedron of poly by truncating some corners.
- [SocialMediaData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocialMediaData.en.md): As of Version 12.3, SocialMediaData is no longer actively supported due to changes in underlying data availability. ServiceConnect provides related functionality.
- [SocketConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketConnect.en.md): SocketConnect[address] makes a socket connection at the specified address and returns a SocketObject. SocketConnect[address,  protocol] makes a connection to the host at address with the specified protocol. SocketConnect[socket] makes a connection to a local socket opened in the current session.
- [SocketListen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketListen.en.md): SocketListen[socket, fun] starts listening on the specified socket, asynchronously applying fun whenever data is received on the socket. SocketListen[port, fun] starts listening for active connections on the specified port of 127.0.0.1. SocketListen[address, fun] starts listening for active connections on the specified address address on the local machine. SocketListen[spec, opts] starts listening for active connections defined by spec using the options opts. SocketListen[spec] starts ...
- [SocketListener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketListener.en.md): SocketListener[...] represents a socket listener created by SocketListen.
- [SocketObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketObject.en.md): SocketObject[...] represents a network socket connection.
- [SocketOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketOpen.en.md): SocketOpen[port] opens a socket that accepts TCP connections to localhost:port and returns a SocketObject representing the socket. SocketOpen[address] opens a socket that accepts TCP connections to the specified local address. SocketOpen[address,  protocol] opens a socket that accepts connections with the specified protocol. SocketOpen[address, {protocol,  type}] opens a socket that accepts connections of the specified protocol and type.
- [SocketReadMessage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketReadMessage.en.md): SocketReadMessage[socket] reads the next available message on the specified socket, returning it as a byte array.
- [SocketReadyQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketReadyQ.en.md): SocketReadyQ[socket] tests if there is any data immediately available to read from the specified socket. SocketReadyQ[socket, t] waits for up to t seconds to see if data becomes available to read.
- [Sockets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sockets.en.md): Sockets[] returns all active socket connections initiated by your current Wolfram Language session. Sockets[All] returns all sockets connected to your current session, including remote sockets originating outside your current session. Sockets[spec] returns only sockets specified by spec.
- [SocketWaitAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketWaitAll.en.md): SocketWaitAll[{socket1, socket2, ...}] waits until there is data ready to read on all of the socketi.
- [SocketWaitNext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketWaitNext.en.md): SocketWaitNext[{socket1, socket2, ...}] waits until there is data ready to read on any of the socketi, then returns that socket.
- [SocketWriteMessage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SocketWriteMessage.en.md): SocketWriteMessage[socket, ba] writes byte array ba to the specified socket. SocketWriteMessage[socket, string] writes string to the specified socket. SocketWriteMessage[socket, assoc] writes messages specified by assoc to the specified socket.
- [SoftmaxLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SoftmaxLayer.en.md): SoftmaxLayer[] represents a softmax net layer. SoftmaxLayer[n] represents a softmax net layer that uses level n as the normalization dimension.
- [SokalSneathDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SokalSneathDissimilarity.en.md): SokalSneathDissimilarity[u, v] gives the Sokal-Sneath dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.
- [SolarEclipse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolarEclipse.en.md): SolarEclipse[] gives the date of the next solar eclipse. SolarEclipse[date] gives the date of the next solar eclipse after the specified date. SolarEclipse[prop] gives the value of property prop for the next solar eclipse. SolarEclipse[date, prop] gives the value of property prop for the next solar eclipse after date.
- [SolarSystemFeatureData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolarSystemFeatureData.en.md): SolarSystemFeatureData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the solar system feature entity. SolarSystemFeatureData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified feature entities. SolarSystemFeatureData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [SolarTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolarTime.en.md): SolarTime[] gives the angle on the celestial equator between the Sun and the local antimeridian for the current location and date. SolarTime[loc] gives the solar time angle for the specified location and current date. SolarTime[date] gives the solar time angle for the specified date and current location. SolarTime[loc, date] gives the solar time for the specified location and date. SolarTime[MeanTime, loc, date] gives the mean solar time for the specified location and date.
- [SolidAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidAngle.en.md): SolidAngle[p, {u1, ..., ud}] gives the solid angle at the point p and spanned by the vectors u1, ..., ud. SolidAngle[p, reg] gives the solid angle subtended by the region reg.
- [SolidBoundaryLoadValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidBoundaryLoadValue.en.md): SolidBoundaryLoadValue[pred, vars, pars] represents a boundary load condition for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. SolidBoundaryLoadValue[pred, vars, pars, lkeys] represents a boundary load condition with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [SolidData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidData.en.md): SolidData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the solid entity. SolidData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified solid entities. SolidData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [SolidDisplacementCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidDisplacementCondition.en.md): SolidDisplacementCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a prescribed displacement on a solid boundary for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars. SolidDisplacementCondition[pred, vars, pars, lkeys] represents a prescribed displacement with local parameters specified in pars[lkey].
- [SolidFixedCondition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidFixedCondition.en.md): SolidFixedCondition[pred, vars, pars] represents a fully constrained solid boundary for PDEs with predicate pred indicating where it applies, with model variables vars and global parameters pars.
- [SolidMechanicsPDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidMechanicsPDEComponent.en.md): SolidMechanicsPDEComponent[vars, pars] yields solid mechanics PDE terms with variables vars and parameters pars.
- [SolidMechanicsStrain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidMechanicsStrain.en.md): SolidMechanicsStrain[vars, pars, displ] yields a solid mechanics total strain with variables vars, parameters pars and displacements displ.
- [SolidMechanicsStress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidMechanicsStress.en.md): SolidMechanicsStress[vars, pars, strain] yields solid mechanics internal stress with variables vars, parameters pars and total strain strain. SolidMechanicsStress[vars, pars, strain, displacement] yields solid mechanics stress for nonlinear material laws.
- [SolidRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolidRegionQ.en.md): SolidRegionQ[reg] gives True if the 3D region reg is a solid region and False otherwise.
- [SolveAlways](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolveAlways.en.md): SolveAlways[eqns, vars] gives the values of parameters that make the equations eqns valid for all values of the variables vars.
- [Solve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Solve.en.md): Solve[expr, vars] attempts to solve the system expr of equations or inequalities for the variables vars. Solve[expr, vars, dom] solves over the domain dom. Common choices of dom are Reals, Integers, and Complexes.
- [SolveValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SolveValues.en.md): SolveValues[expr, vars] gives the values of vars determined by the solutions of the system expr. SolveValues[expr, vars, dom] uses solutions over the domain dom. Common choices of dom are Reals, Integers and Complexes.
- [SortBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SortBy.en.md): SortBy[list, f] sorts the elements of list in the order defined by applying f to each of them. SortBy[list, {f1, f2, ...}] breaks ties by successively using the values obtained from the fi. SortBy[list, f, p] sorts the elements of list using the function p to compare the results of applying f to each element. SortBy[f] represents an operator form of SortBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [SortedBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SortedBy.en.md): SortedBy is an option that specifies a function by which to sort the results of a computation.
- [SortedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SortedEntityClass.en.md): SortedEntityClass[class, prop] represents an entity class derived from class by sorting according to the values of the property prop. SortedEntityClass[class, prop -> order] sorts according to prop in the order specified. SortedEntityClass[class, {prop1, prop2, ...}] breaks ties by successively using the values of the property specifications propi. SortedEntityClass[class, sortspec, n] represents the first n entities of class when sorted by sortspec. SortedEntityClass[class, sortspec, {m, ...
- [Sort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sort.en.md): Sort[list] sorts the elements of list into canonical order. Sort[list, p] sorts using the ordering function p.
- [Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sound.en.md): Sound[primitives] represents a sound. Sound[primitives, t] specifies that the sound should have duration t. Sound[primitives, {tmin, tmax}] specifies that the sound should extend from time tmin to time tmax.
- [SoundNote                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | {p1, p2, …}                                                                                   | a chord containing pitches pi            |](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SoundNote.en.md): SoundNote[pitch] represents a music-like sound note with the specified pitch. SoundNote[pitch, t] takes the note to have duration t. SoundNote[pitch, {tmin, tmax}] takes the note to occupy the time interval tmin to tmax. SoundNote[pitch, tspec,  style] takes the note to be in the specified style. SoundNote[pitch, tspec,  style, opts] uses the specified rendering options for the note.
- [SoundVolume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SoundVolume.en.md): SoundVolume is an option to Sound and SoundNote and related functions that specifies the relative volume of the sound produced.
- [SourceLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SourceLink.en.md): SourceLink is an option for CloudObject and related cloud functions that specifies the source of the content given.
- [SourcePDETerm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SourcePDETerm.en.md): SourcePDETerm[vars, f] represents a source term f with source coefficient f and model variables vars. SourcePDETerm[vars, f, pars] uses model parameters pars.
- [Sow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sow.en.md): Sow[e] specifies that e should be collected by the nearest enclosing Reap. Sow[e, tag] specifies that e should be collected by the nearest enclosing Reap whose pattern matches tag. Sow[e, {tag1, tag2, ...}] specifies that e should be collected once for each pattern that matches a tagi.
- [SowVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SowVideo.en.md): SowVideo[frame] specifies that frame should be collected by the nearest enclosing ReapVideo. SowVideo[frame, n] repeats frame n times when reaped.
- [SpaceCurveData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpaceCurveData.en.md): SpaceCurveData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the space curve entity. SpaceCurveData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified space curve entities. SpaceCurveData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Spacer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Spacer.en.md): Spacer[w] displays as a spacer w printer's points wide. Spacer[{w, h}] displays as a spacer w points wide and a total of h points high. Spacer[{w, h, dh}] makes the spacer extend dh points below the baseline.
- [Spacings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Spacings.en.md): Spacings is an option to Grid and related constructs that specifies the spacings to leave between successive objects.
- [SpanAdjustments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanAdjustments.en.md): SpanAdjustments is an option for selections that specifies the height and width of spanning characters.
- [SpanCharacterRounding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanCharacterRounding.en.md): SpanCharacterRounding is an option for selections that specifies the method used for rounding a spanning character when its size is to be adjusted.
- [Span](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Span.en.md): i ;; j represents a span of elements i through j. i ;; represents a span from i to the end. ;; j represents a span from the beginning to j. ;; represents a span that includes all elements. i ;; j ;; k represents a span from i through j in steps of k. i ;; ;; k represents a span from i to the end in steps of k. ;; j ;; k represents a span from the beginning to j in steps of k. ;; ;; k represents a span from the beginning to the end in steps of k.
- [SpanFromAbove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanFromAbove.en.md): SpanFromAbove is a symbol that can appear at a particular position in a Grid or related construct to indicate that the corresponding position is occupied by a spanning element that appears above it.
- [SpanFromBoth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanFromBoth.en.md): SpanFromBoth is a symbol that can appear at a particular position in a Grid or related construct to indicate that the corresponding position is occupied by a spanning element that appears above and to its left.
- [SpanFromLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanFromLeft.en.md): SpanFromLeft is a symbol that can appear at a particular position in a Grid or related construct to indicate that the corresponding position is occupied by a spanning element that appears to its left.
- [SpanLineThickness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanLineThickness.en.md): SpanLineThickness is an option for selections that specifies the thickness in printer's points of line-spanning characters such as \\[Backslash][VerticalLine] and \\[Backslash][HorizontalLine].
- [SpanMaxSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanMaxSize.en.md): SpanMaxSize is an option for selections that specifies the maximum size of spanning characters such as parentheses and brackets.
- [SpanMinSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanMinSize.en.md): SpanMinSize is an option for selections that specifies the minimum size of spanning characters such as parentheses and brackets.
- [SpanSymmetric](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpanSymmetric.en.md): SpanSymmetric is an option for selections that specifies whether vertically expandable characters are symmetric about the axis of the selection.
- [SparseArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SparseArray.en.md): SparseArray[{pos1 -> v1, pos2 -> v2, ...}] yields a sparse array with all elements zero except for values vi at positions posi. SparseArray[list] yields a sparse array version of list. SparseArray[data, {d1, d2, ...}] yields a sparse array representing a d1*d2*... array. SparseArray[data, dims, val] yields a sparse array in which unspecified elements are taken to have value val.
- [SparseArrayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SparseArrayQ.en.md): SparseArrayQ[s] yields True if s is a valid SparseArray object and False otherwise.
- [SpatialBinnedPointData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialBinnedPointData.en.md): SpatialBinnedPointData[{reg1 -> val1, reg2 -> val2, ...}] represents values vali associated with disjoint regions regi. SpatialBinnedPointData[{reg1, reg2, ...} -> {val1, val2, ...}] gives the same result. SpatialBinnedPointData[..., reg] gives the overall observation region reg.
- [SpatialBoundaryCorrection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialBoundaryCorrection.en.md): SpatialBoundaryCorrection is an option to various spatial statistics functions that control how to correct for boundary effects of observation regions.
- [SpatialEstimate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialEstimate.en.md): SpatialEstimate[{loc1 -> val1, loc2 -> val2, ...}] creates a spatial prediction from values vali given at locations loci. SpatialEstimate[{loc1, loc2, ...} -> {val1, val2, ...}] generates the same result.
- [SpatialEstimatorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialEstimatorFunction.en.md): SpatialEstimatorFunction[] represents a function generated by SpatialEstimate and predicts spatial field values from locations.
- [SpatialGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialGraphDistribution.en.md): SpatialGraphDistribution[n, r] represents a spatial distribution for graphs with n vertices uniformly distributed over the unit square and edges between vertices that are at distance at most r. SpatialGraphDistribution[n, r, d] represents a spatial distribution for graphs with vertices uniformly distributed over the d-dimensional unit square. SpatialGraphDistribution[n, r, dist] represents a spatial distribution for graphs with vertices distributed according to the probability distribution ...
- [SpatialJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialJ.en.md): SpatialJ[pdata, r] estimates the J function J(r) for point data pdata at radius r. SpatialJ[pproc, r] computes J(r) for the point process pproc. SpatialJ[bdata, r] computes J(r) for binned data bdata. SpatialJ[pspec] generates the function J that can be applied repeatedly to different radii r.
- [SpatialMedian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialMedian.en.md): SpatialMedian[{x1, x2, ...}] gives the spatial median of the elements xi. SpatialMedian[data] gives the spatial median for several different forms of data.
- [SpatialNoiseLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialNoiseLevel.en.md): SpatialNoiseLevel is an option to SpatialEstimate and other spatial functions that gives the noise variance level in the data.
- [SpatialObservationRegionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialObservationRegionQ.en.md): SpatialObservationRegionQ[reg] tests whether the geometric or geographic region reg can be an observation in spatial statistics.
- [SpatialPointData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialPointData.en.md): SpatialPointData[points] represents a collection of spatial locations points. SpatialPointData[points, reg] represents a collection of points within the region reg. SpatialPointData[points -> vals, ...] associates the values vals with the location points. SpatialPointData[points -> <|key1 -> vals1, ...|>, ...] associates the key-value annotations keyi -> valsi. SpatialPointData[{p1 -> data1, p2 -> data2, ...}, ...] represents the spatial point collection {p1, p2, ...} ...
- [SpatialPointSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialPointSelect.en.md): SpatialPointSelect[spdata, crit] selects a subset of the SpatialPointData spdata according to crit.
- [SpatialRandomnessTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialRandomnessTest.en.md): SpatialRandomnessTest[pdata] tests whether the point collection pdata is distributed uniformly over the observation region. SpatialRandomnessTest[pdata,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [SpatialTransformationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialTransformationLayer.en.md): SpatialTransformationLayer[{h, w}] represents a net layer that applies an affine transformation to an input of size c*h0*w0 and returns an output of size c*h*w.
- [SpatialTrendFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpatialTrendFunction.en.md): SpatialTrendFunction is an option to SpatialEstimate that specifies what global trend model to use for data.
- [Speak](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Speak.en.md): Speak[expr] speaks a spoken representation of the expression expr.
- [SpeakerMatchQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpeakerMatchQ.en.md): SpeakerMatchQ[audio, ref] gives True if speaker features in audio match the one from reference ref and returns False otherwise. SpeakerMatchQ[{audio1, audio2, ...}, ref] gives a list of results for each of audioi. SpeakerMatchQ[ref] represents an operator form of SpeakerMatchQ that can be applied to an audio object.
- [SpearmanRankTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpearmanRankTest.en.md): SpearmanRankTest[v1, v2] tests whether the vectors v1 and v2 are independent. SpearmanRankTest[m1, m2] tests whether the matrices m1 and m2 are independent. SpearmanRankTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [SpearmanRho](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpearmanRho.en.md): SpearmanRho[v1, v2] gives Spearman's rank correlation coefficient \\[Rho] for the vectors v1 and v2. SpearmanRho[m] gives Spearman's rank correlation coefficient \\[Rho] for the matrix m. SpearmanRho[m1, m2] gives Spearman's rank correlation coefficient \\[Rho] for the matrices m1 and m2. SpearmanRho[dist] gives Spearman's rank correlation matrix for the multivariate symbolic distribution dist. SpearmanRho[dist, i, j] gives the (i, j)^th Spearman rank correlation for the multivariate symbolic ...
- [SpeciesData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpeciesData.en.md): SpeciesData[name, property] gives the value of the specified property for the species entity. SpeciesData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified species entities. SpeciesData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [SpecificityGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpecificityGoal.en.md): SpecificityGoal is an option for ImageIdentify and related functions that defines what specificity of object to seek to identify.
- [SpectralLineData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpectralLineData.en.md): SpectralLineData[entity] gives the values of all known properties for an atomic state or state transition. SpectralLineData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the given entity. SpectralLineData[quantity] returns the state transition with the closest wavelength or frequency specified. SpectralLineData[class, quantity] returns the entity in the specified entity class with the closest wavelength or energy to the specified quantity. SpectralLineData[spec, {quantity1, ...
- [SpectrogramArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpectrogramArray.en.md): SpectrogramArray[list] returns the spectrogram data of list. SpectrogramArray[list, n] uses partitions of length n. SpectrogramArray[list, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. SpectrogramArray[list, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. SpectrogramArray[list, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform. SpectrogramArray[audio, ...] returns spectrogram data of audio. SpectrogramArray[video] returns the spectrogram data ...
- [Spectrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Spectrogram.en.md): Spectrogram[list] plots the spectrogram of list. Spectrogram[list, n] uses partitions of length n. Spectrogram[list, n, d] uses partitions with offset d. Spectrogram[list, n, d, wfun] applies a smoothing window wfun to each partition. Spectrogram[list, n, d, wfun, m] pads partitions with zeros to length m prior to the computation of the transform. Spectrogram[audio, ...] plots the spectrogram of audio. Spectrogram[video] plots the spectrogram of the first audio track in video.
- [Specularity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Specularity.en.md): Specularity[s] is a graphics directive which specifies that surfaces of 3D graphics objects which follow are to be taken to have specularity s. Specularity[s, n] uses specular exponent n.
- [SpeechCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpeechCases.en.md): SpeechCases[audio, form] gives a list of cases of text identified as being of type form that appear in the transcription of audio. SpeechCases[audio, {form1, form2, ...}] gives an association of results for all the types formi. SpeechCases[audio, formspec -> prop] gives the specified property for each result found. SpeechCases[audio, formspec -> {prop1, prop2, ...}] gives a list of properties for each result found. SpeechCases[audio, spec, n] gives the first n cases found.
- [SpeechInterpreter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpeechInterpreter.en.md): SpeechInterpreter[form] represents an interpreter object that can be applied to a speech input to try to interpret it as an object of the specified form. SpeechInterpreter[form, test] returns the interpreted object only if applying test to it yields True; otherwise, it returns a Failure object. SpeechInterpreter[form, test, fail] returns the result of applying the function fail if the test fails.
- [SpeechRecognize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpeechRecognize.en.md): SpeechRecognize[audio] recognizes speech in audio and returns it as a string. SpeechRecognize[audio, level] returns a list of strings at the specified structural level. SpeechRecognize[audio, level, prop] returns prop for text at the given level.
- [SpeechSynthesize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpeechSynthesize.en.md): SpeechSynthesize[expr] synthesizes the contents of expr as an Audio object. SpeechSynthesize[expr, voice] uses the specified voice to synthesize the speech signal.
- [SpellingCorrection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpellingCorrection.en.md): SpellingCorrection is an option for StringMatchQ, Names, and related functions that specifies whether strings should be considered to match even when a small fraction of the characters in them are different.
- [SpellingCorrectionList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpellingCorrectionList.en.md): SpellingCorrectionList[word] gives a list of possible spelling corrections for  word.
- [SpellingDictionaries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpellingDictionaries.en.md): SpellingDictionaries is a global option that specifies settings for spell checking.
- [SpellingDictionariesPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpellingDictionariesPath.en.md): SpellingDictionariesPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for spelling dictionaries when the Edit \\[FilledRightTriangle] Check Spelling menu item is used.
- [SpellingOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpellingOptions.en.md): SpellingOptions is an option for notebooks that specifies settings for spellchecking.
- [Sphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.en.md): Sphere[p] represents a unit sphere centered at the point p. Sphere[p, r] represents a sphere of radius r centered at the point p. Sphere[{p1, p2, ...}, r] represents a collection of spheres of radius r.
- [SpherePoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpherePoints.en.md): SpherePoints[n] gives the positions of n uniformly distributed points on the surface of a unit sphere.
- [SphericalAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalAngle.en.md): SphericalAngle[{\\[Theta] 0, \\[Phi] 0} -> {{\\[Theta]1, \\[Phi]1}, \\ {\\[Theta]2, \\[Phi]2}}] gives the signed angle in radians between the great circles through point {\\[Theta] 0, \\[Phi] 0} and points {\\[Theta] 1, \\[Phi] 1} and {\\[Theta] 2, \\[Phi] 2}. SphericalAngle[p -> {q, r}] gives the unsigned angle for points p, q, r of the form {\\[Theta]1, \\[Theta]2, ..., \\[Theta] n - 1, \\[Phi]} on an n-dimensional hypersphere. SphericalAngle[p -> {{q1, r1}, ..., {qn, rn}}] gives a ...
- [SphericalBesselJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalBesselJ.en.md): SphericalBesselJ[n, z] gives the spherical Bessel function of the first kind n.
- [SphericalBesselY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalBesselY.en.md): SphericalBesselY[n, z] gives the spherical Bessel function of the second kind n.
- [SphericalDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalDistance.en.md): SphericalDistance[{\\[Theta]1, \\[Phi]1}, {\\[Theta]2, \\[Phi]2}] returns the great-circle distance between points {\\[Theta]1, \\[Phi]1} and {\\[Theta]2, \\[Phi]2} on the surface of a unit sphere. SphericalDistance[{\\[Theta] 1, 1, \\[Theta] 1, 2, ..., \\[Phi]1}, {\\[Theta] 2, 1, \\[Theta] 2, 2, ..., \\[Phi]2}] returns the geodesic distance between arbitrary-dimensional points on the surface of a unit hypersphere.
- [SphericalHankelH1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalHankelH1.en.md): SphericalHankelH1[n, z] gives the spherical Hankel function of the first kind n.
- [SphericalHankelH2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalHankelH2.en.md): SphericalHankelH2[n, z] gives the spherical Hankel function of the second kind n.
- [SphericalHarmonicY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalHarmonicY.en.md): SphericalHarmonicY[l, m, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]] gives the spherical harmonic Y_l^m(\\[Theta], \\[Phi]).
- [SphericalPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalPlot3D.en.md): SphericalPlot3D[r, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]] generates a 3D plot with a spherical radius r as a function of spherical coordinates \\[Theta] and \\[Phi]. SphericalPlot3D[r, {\\[Theta], \\[Theta]min, \\[Theta]max}, {\\[Phi], \\ \\[Phi]min, \\[Phi]max}] generates a 3D spherical plot over the specified ranges of spherical coordinates. SphericalPlot3D[{r1, r2, ...}, {\\[Theta], \\[Theta]min, \\[Theta]max}, {\\[Phi], \\ \\[Phi]min, \\[Phi]max}] generates a 3D spherical plot with multiple surfaces.
- [SphericalRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalRegion.en.md): SphericalRegion is an option for three-dimensional graphics functions that specifies whether the final image should be scaled so that a sphere drawn around the three-dimensional bounding box would fit in the display area specified.
- [SphericalShell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalShell.en.md): SphericalShell[c, {rinner, router}] represents a filled spherical shell centered at c with inner radius rinner and outer radius router.
- [SpheroidalEigenvalue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalEigenvalue.en.md): SpheroidalEigenvalue[n, m, \\[Gamma]] gives the spheroidal eigenvalue with degree n and order m.
- [SpheroidalJoiningFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalJoiningFactor.en.md): SpheroidalJoiningFactor[n, m, \\[Gamma]] gives the spheroidal joining factor with degree n and order m.
- [SpheroidalPS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalPS.en.md): SpheroidalPS[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the angular spheroidal function PS n, m (\\[Gamma], z) of the first kind.
- [SpheroidalPSPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalPSPrime.en.md): SpheroidalPSPrime[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the angular spheroidal function PS n, m (\\[Gamma], z) of the first kind.
- [SpheroidalQS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalQS.en.md): SpheroidalQS[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the angular spheroidal function QS n, m (\\[Gamma], z) of the second kind.
- [SpheroidalQSPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalQSPrime.en.md): SpheroidalQSPrime[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the angular spheroidal function QS n, m (\\[Gamma], z) of the second kind.
- [SpheroidalRadialFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalRadialFactor.en.md): SpheroidalRadialFactor[n, m, c] gives the spheroidal radial factor with degree n and order m.
- [SpheroidalS1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalS1.en.md): SpheroidalS1[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the radial spheroidal function S_n^m, (1)(\\[Gamma], z) of the first kind.
- [SpheroidalS1Prime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalS1Prime.en.md): SpheroidalS1Prime[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the radial spheroidal function S_n^m, (1)(\\[Gamma], z) of the first kind.
- [SpheroidalS2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalS2.en.md): SpheroidalS2[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the radial spheroidal function S_n^m, (2)(\\[Gamma], z) of the second kind.
- [SpheroidalS2Prime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpheroidalS2Prime.en.md): SpheroidalS2Prime[n, m, \\[Gamma], z] gives the derivative with respect to z of the radial spheroidal function S_n^m, (2)(\\[Gamma], z) of the second kind.
- [SplicedDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplicedDistribution.en.md): SplicedDistribution[{w1, w2, ..., wn}, {c0, c1, ..., cn}, {dist 1, dist2, ..., distn}] represents the distribution obtained by splicing the distributions dist1, dist2, ... truncated on the intervals {c0, c1}, {c1, c2}, ... with weights w1, w2, ... .
- [Splice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Splice.en.md): Splice[{e1, e2, ...}] represents an expression that will automatically be spliced into any list in which it appears as the sequence of elements ei. Splice[{e1, e2, ...}, hpatt] represents an expression that will automatically be spliced into any expression whose head matches the pattern hpatt.
- [SplineClosed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineClosed.en.md): SplineClosed is an option for B-spline functions and graphics primitives that specifies whether spline curves or surfaces should be closed.
- [SplineDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineDegree.en.md): SplineDegree is an option for spline functions and graphics primitives that specifies the degree of polynomial basis to use.
- [SplineKnots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineKnots.en.md): SplineKnots is an option for B-spline functions and graphics primitives that specifies the positions of knots.
- [SplineWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineWeights.en.md): SplineWeights is an option for B-spline functions and graphics primitives that specifies weights of control points.
- [SplitBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplitBy.en.md): SplitBy[list, f] splits list into sublists consisting of runs of successive elements that give the same value when f is applied. SplitBy[list, {f1, f2, ...}] recursively splits list into sublists by testing elements successively with each of the fi. SplitBy[f] represents an operator form of SplitBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [Split](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Split.en.md): Split[list] splits list into sublists consisting of runs of identical elements. Split[list, test] treats pairs of adjacent elements as identical whenever applying the function test to them yields True.
- [SpokenString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpokenString.en.md): SpokenString[expr] gives a string of text corresponding to a spoken representation of the expression expr.
- [SpotLight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpotLight.en.md): SpotLight[col, pt, \\[Alpha]] is a three-dimensional graphics directive to use in coloring 3D surfaces that specifies the spotlight of color col at position pt aimed at the center with half-angle \\[Alpha]. SpotLight[col, {pt1, pt2}, \\[Alpha]] uses the spotlight at position pt1 aimed at pt2 with half-angle \\[Alpha]. SpotLight[col, {pt, tar}, {\\[Alpha], s}, att] uses the spotlight with spot exponent s and attenuation att.
- [SqrtBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SqrtBox.en.md): SqrtBox[x] is a low-level box construct that represents the displayed object Sqrt[x] in notebook expressions.
- [SqrtBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SqrtBoxOptions.en.md): SqrtBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for SqrtBox objects.
- [Sqrt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sqrt.en.md): Sqrt[z] or Sqrt[z] gives the square root of z.
- [SquaredEuclideanDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquaredEuclideanDistance.en.md): SquaredEuclideanDistance[u, v] gives the squared Euclidean distance between vectors u and v.
- [Square](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Square.en.md): Square[x] displays as \\[Square]x.
- [SquareFreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareFreeQ.en.md): SquareFreeQ[expr] gives True if expr is a square-free polynomial or number, and False otherwise. SquareFreeQ[expr, vars] gives True if expr is square free with respect to the variables vars.
- [SquareIntersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareIntersection.en.md): SquareIntersection[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SquareIntersection] y \\[SquareIntersection] ....
- [SquareMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareMatrixQ.en.md): SquareMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is a square matrix, and False otherwise.
- [SquareRepeatingElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareRepeatingElement.en.md): SquareRepeatingElement[spec] represents a square array of elements of type spec in an interpreter, API or form specification. SquareRepeatingElement[spec, max] represents a square array of elements of maximum size max*max. SquareRepeatingElement[spec, {min, max}] represents a square array of elements of size between min and max.
- [SquaresR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquaresR.en.md): SquaresR[d, n] gives the number of ways rd(n) to represent the integer n as a sum of d squares.
- [SquareSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareSubset.en.md): SquareSubset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SquareSubset] y \\[SquareSubset] ....
- [SquareSubsetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareSubsetEqual.en.md): SquareSubsetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SquareSubsetEqual] y \\[SquareSubsetEqual] ....
- [SquareSuperset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareSuperset.en.md): SquareSuperset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SquareSuperset] y \\[SquareSuperset] ....
- [SquareSupersetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareSupersetEqual.en.md): SquareSupersetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SquareSupersetEqual] y \\[SquareSupersetEqual] ....
- [SquareUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareUnion.en.md): SquareUnion[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SquareUnion] y \\[SquareUnion] ....
- [SquareWave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareWave.en.md): SquareWave[x] gives a square wave that alternates between +1 and -1 with unit period. SquareWave[{y1, y2}, x] gives a square wave that alternates between y1 and y2 with unit period.
- [Squiggled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Squiggled.en.md): Squiggled[expr] displays expr with text underlined with a squiggly red underline. Squiggled[expr, color] displays squiggly using the specified color.
- [SSSTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SSSTriangle.en.md): SSSTriangle[a, b, c] returns a filled triangle with sides of lengths a, b, and c.
- [StabilityMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StabilityMargins.en.md): StabilityMargins is an option to frequency response plots such as BodePlot, NyquistPlot, and NicholsPlot that specifies the gain and phase margins to be shown on the plot.
- [StabilityMarginsStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StabilityMarginsStyle.en.md): StabilityMarginsStyle is an option to frequency response plots such as BodePlot, NyquistPlot, and NicholsPlot that specifies the styles in which the gain and phase margins are to be drawn.
- [StableDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StableDistribution.en.md): StableDistribution[type, \\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents the stable distribution Stype with index of stability \\[Alpha], skewness parameter \\[Beta], location parameter \\[Mu], and scale parameter \\[Sigma].
- [StackBegin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StackBegin.en.md): StackBegin[expr] evaluates expr, starting a fresh evaluation stack.
- [StackComplete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StackComplete.en.md): StackComplete[expr] evaluates expr with intermediate expressions in evaluation chains included on the stack.
- [StackedDateListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StackedDateListPlot.en.md): StackedDateListPlot[{{date1, y1}, {date2, y2}, ...}] plots points with values yi at a sequence of dates. StackedDateListPlot[{y1, y2, ...}, datespec] plots points with dates at equal intervals specified by datespec. StackedDateListPlot[tseries] plots the time series tseries. StackedDateListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots data from all the datai. StackedDateListPlot[{..., w[datai], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [StackedListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StackedListPlot.en.md): StackedListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots lines for each of the datai, with the i^th curve being the accumulation of values in data1 through datai. StackedListPlot[{..., w[datai], ...}] plots datai with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w.
- [Stack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Stack.en.md): Stack[] shows the current evaluation stack, giving a list of the tags associated with evaluations that are currently being done. Stack[pattern] gives a list of expressions currently being evaluated which match the pattern.
- [StackInhibit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StackInhibit.en.md): StackInhibit[expr] evaluates expr without modifying the evaluation stack.
- [StadiumShape](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StadiumShape.en.md): StadiumShape[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}}, r] represents a stadium of radius r between the points {x1, y1} and {x2, y2}.
- [StandardAtmosphereData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardAtmosphereData.en.md): StandardAtmosphereData[altitude, property] returns the value of the property at the specified geometrical altitude for the chosen model of the standard Earth atmosphere. StandardAtmosphereData[layer, property] returns a piecewise symbolic approximation with the range of an atmospheric layer for the property. StandardAtmosphereData[SymbolicApproximation, property] returns the full piecewise symbolic approximation for the property.
- [StandardBlue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardBlue.en.md): StandardBlue represents an aesthetically appealing version of blue in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardBrown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardBrown.en.md): StandardBrown represents an aesthetically appealing version of brown in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardCyan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardCyan.en.md): StandardCyan represents an aesthetically appealing version of cyan in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardDeviation.en.md): StandardDeviation[data] gives the standard deviation estimate of the elements in data. StandardDeviation[dist] gives the standard deviation of the distribution dist.
- [StandardDeviationFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardDeviationFilter.en.md): StandardDeviationFilter[data, r] filters data by replacing every value by the standard deviations of the values in its range-r neighborhood. StandardDeviationFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}] uses ri for filtering the i^thdimension in data.
- [StandardForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardForm.en.md): StandardForm[expr] prints as the standard Wolfram Language two-dimensional representation of expr.
- [StandardGray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardGray.en.md): StandardGray represents an aesthetically appealing version of gray in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardGreen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardGreen.en.md): StandardGreen represents an aesthetically appealing version of green in graphics or style specifications.
- [Standardized](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Standardized.en.md): Standardized is an option that determines whether to standardize the data.
- [Standardize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Standardize.en.md): Standardize[list] shifts and rescales the elements of list to have zero mean and unit sample variance. Standardize[list, f1] shifts the elements in list by f1[list] and rescales them to have unit sample variance. Standardize[list, f1, f2] shifts by f1[list] and scales by f2[list].
- [StandardMagenta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardMagenta.en.md): StandardMagenta represents an aesthetically appealing version of magenta in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardOceanData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardOceanData.en.md): StandardOceanData[spec] returns the thermodynamic properties of seawater for the specified parameters. StandardOceanData[spec, property] returns the specified property for the given parameters.
- [StandardOrange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardOrange.en.md): StandardOrange represents an aesthetically appealing version of orange in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardPink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardPink.en.md): StandardPink represents an aesthetically appealing version of pink in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardPurple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardPurple.en.md): StandardPurple represents an aesthetically appealing version of purple in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardRed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardRed.en.md): StandardRed represents an aesthetically appealing version of red in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandardYellow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandardYellow.en.md): StandardYellow represents an aesthetically appealing version of yellow in graphics or style specifications.
- [StandbyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StandbyDistribution.en.md): StandbyDistribution[dist1, {dist2, ..., distn}] represents a standby distribution with component lifetime distributions disti. When component i fails, component i + 1 will become active. StandbyDistribution[dist1, {dist2, ..., distn}, p] represents a standby distribution where switching from component i to component i + 1 succeeds with probability p. StandbyDistribution[dist1, {dist2, ..., distn}, sdist] represents a standby distribution where the switch component has lifetime distribution ...
- [StarClusterData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StarClusterData.en.md): StarClusterData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the star cluster entity. StarClusterData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified star cluster entities. StarClusterData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [StarData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StarData.en.md): StarData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the star entity. StarData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified star entities. StarData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the property.
- [Star](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Star.en.md): Star[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Star]y\\[Star]....
- [StarGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StarGraph.en.md): StarGraph[n] gives the star graph with n vertices Sn.
- [StartAsynchronousTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartAsynchronousTask.en.md): StartAsynchronousTask is being phased out in favor of TaskResume, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [StartExternalSession](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartExternalSession.en.md): StartExternalSession[sys] starts an external session using the external evaluator sys, returning an external session object. StartExternalSession[assoc] starts the external evaluator specified by assoc. StartExternalSession[obj] starts the external evaluator specified by ExternalEvaluatorObject. StartExternalSession[{ sys, opts}] uses the options opts for the external evaluator. StartExternalSession[sys -> type] specifies that output from the external evaluator should be converted to the ...
- [StartingStepSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartingStepSize.en.md): StartingStepSize is an option to NDSolve and related functions that specifies the initial step size to use in trying to generate results.
- [StartOfLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartOfLine.en.md): StartOfLine represents the start of a line in a string for purposes of matching in StringExpression.
- [StartOfString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartOfString.en.md): StartOfString represents the start of a string for purposes of matching in StringExpression.
- [StartProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartProcess.en.md): StartProcess[executable] executes an external program, yielding a ProcessObject to represent the resulting subprocess. StartProcess[{ executable, arg1, arg2, ...}] executes an external program, passing it the specified arguments argi.
- [StartScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartScheduledTask.en.md): StartScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskResume, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [StartWebSession](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StartWebSession.en.md): StartWebSession[] starts a web session and returns a web session object. StartWebSession[browser] starts a web session using the specified browser.
- [StateDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateDimensions.en.md): Since Version 10.0, StateDimensions has been superseded by ValueDimensions .
- [StateFeedbackGains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateFeedbackGains.en.md): StateFeedbackGains[sspec, {p1, ..., pn}] gives the state feedback gains for the system specification sspec to place its closed-loop poles at pi. StateFeedbackGains[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [StateOutputEstimator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateOutputEstimator.en.md): StateOutputEstimator[ssm, l] constructs an estimator for the StateSpaceModel ssm, with estimator gain matrix l. StateOutputEstimator[{ssm, sensors}, l] uses only sensors as the measurements of ssm. StateOutputEstimator[{ssm, sensors, dinputs}, l] specifies dinputs as the deterministic inputs of ssm.
- [StateResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateResponse.en.md): StateResponse[sys, u, {t, tmin, tmax}] gives the numeric state response of the state-space model sys to input u for tmin <= t <= tmax. StateResponse[sys, {u[0], u[1], ...}] gives the response of the discrete-time state-space model sys to the input sequence u[i]. StateResponse[sys, u, t] gives the symbolic state response as a function of time t. StateResponse[sys, {u1, ..., um}, ...] gives the state response for multiple inputs ui. StateResponse[{sys, {x10, x20, ..., Subscript[x, n] 0}}, ...
- [StateSpaceModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateSpaceModel.en.md): StateSpaceModel[{a, b, c, d}] represents the standard state-space model with state matrix a, input matrix b, output matrix c, and transmission matrix d. StateSpaceModel[{a, b, c, d, e}] represents a descriptor state-space model with descriptor matrix e. StateSpaceModel[sys] gives a state-space model corresponding to the systems model sys. StateSpaceModel[eqns, {{x1, x10}, ...}, {{u1, u10}, ...}, {g1, ...}, \\[Tau]] gives the state-space model obtained by Taylor linearization about the point ...
- [StateSpaceRealization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateSpaceRealization.en.md): StateSpaceRealization is an option to StateSpaceModel that specifies its canonical representation.
- [StateSpaceTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateSpaceTransform.en.md): StateSpaceTransform[sys, {p, q}] transforms the state-space model sys using the matrices p and q. StateSpaceTransform[sys, {{x1 -> p1[z], ...}, {z1 -> q1[x], ...}}] transforms using the variable transformations {x1 -> p1[z], ...} and {z1 -> q1[x], ...}.
- [StateTransformationLinearize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StateTransformationLinearize.en.md): StateTransformationLinearize[asys] linearizes the AffineStateSpaceModel asys by state transformation. StateTransformationLinearize[asys, {z, lform}] specifies the new states z and form of linearization lform. StateTransformationLinearize[asys, ...,  prop] computes the property  prop.
- [StationaryDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StationaryDistribution.en.md): StationaryDistribution[proc] represents the stationary distribution of the process proc, when it exists.
- [StationaryWaveletPacketTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StationaryWaveletPacketTransform.en.md): StationaryWaveletPacketTransform[data] gives the stationary wavelet packet transform (SWPT) of an array of data. StationaryWaveletPacketTransform[data, wave] gives the stationary wavelet packet transform using the wavelet wave. StationaryWaveletPacketTransform[data, wave, r] gives the stationary wavelet packet transform using r levels of refinement.
- [StationaryWaveletTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StationaryWaveletTransform.en.md): StationaryWaveletTransform[data] gives the stationary wavelet transform (SWT) of an array of data. StationaryWaveletTransform[data, wave] gives the stationary wavelet transform using the wavelet wave. StationaryWaveletTransform[data, wave, r] gives the stationary wavelet transform using r levels of refinement.
- [StatusArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StatusArea.en.md): StatusArea[expr, string] displays string in the status area of the current notebook when the mouse pointer is in the region where expr appears.
- [StatusCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StatusCentrality.en.md): StatusCentrality[g] gives a list of status centralities for the vertices in the graph g. StatusCentrality[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [StepMonitor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StepMonitor.en.md): StepMonitor is an option for iterative numerical computation functions that gives an expression to evaluate whenever a step is taken by the numerical method used.
- [StereochemistryElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StereochemistryElements.en.md): StereochemistryElements is an option for Molecule that specifies the local stereochemical arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
- [StieltjesGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StieltjesGamma.en.md): StieltjesGamma[n] gives the Stieltjes constant \\[Gamma]n. StieltjesGamma[n, a] gives the generalized Stieltjes constant \\[Gamma]n (a).
- [StippleShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StippleShading.en.md): StippleShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive specifying that objects that follow are to be drawn using small dots. StippleShading[d] uses the density d of shading. StippleShading[col] uses dots with the specified color col. StippleShading[d, col] uses dots of color col with the density d of shading.
- [StirlingS1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StirlingS1.en.md): StirlingS1[n, m] gives the Stirling number of the first kind n.
- [StirlingS2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StirlingS2.en.md): StirlingS2[n, m] gives the Stirling number of the second kind n.
- [StopAsynchronousTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StopAsynchronousTask.en.md): StopAsynchronousTask is being phased out in favor of TaskSuspend, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [StoppingPowerData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StoppingPowerData.en.md): StoppingPowerData[entity, {Particle -> particle, Energy -> quantity}, property] gives the value of the specific property for the substance for the specified particle and the energy of that particle.
- [StopScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StopScheduledTask.en.md): StopScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of TaskSuspend, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [StrataVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StrataVariables.en.md): StrataVariables is an option for fitting functions such as CoxModelFit that specify the variables on which the model should be stratified.
- [StratonovichProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StratonovichProcess.en.md): StratonovichProcess[{a, b}, x, t] represents a Stratonovich process x(t), where \\[DifferentialD]x(t) == a(t, x(t)) \\[DifferentialD]t + b(t, x(t)) \\[EmptySmallCircle] \\[DifferentialD]w(t) . StratonovichProcess[{a, b, c}, x, t] represents a Stratonovich process y(t) == c(t, x(t)), where \\[DifferentialD]x(t) == a(t, x(t)) \\[DifferentialD]t + b(t, x(t)) \\[EmptySmallCircle] \\[DifferentialD]w(t) . StratonovichProcess[..., {x, x0}, {t, t0}] represents a Stratonovich process with initial ...
- [StraussHardcorePointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StraussHardcorePointProcess.en.md): StraussHardcorePointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Gamma], rh, rs, d] represents a Strauss hardcore point process with constant intensity \\[Mu], interaction parameter \\[Gamma], hard-core interaction radius r h and Strauss interaction radius rs in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [StraussPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StraussPointProcess.en.md): StraussPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Gamma], rs, d] represents a Strauss point process with constant intensity \\[Mu], interaction parameter \\[Gamma] and interaction radius r s in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [StreamColorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamColorFunction.en.md): StreamColorFunction is an option for StreamPlot and related functions that specifies a function to apply to determine colors along streamlines.
- [StreamColorFunctionScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamColorFunctionScaling.en.md): StreamColorFunctionScaling is an option for graphics functions that specifies whether arguments supplied to a stream color function should be scaled to lie between 0 and 1.
- [StreamDensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamDensityPlot.en.md): StreamDensityPlot[{{vx, vy}, r}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a stream plot of the vector field {vx, vy} as a function of x and y, superimposed on a background density plot of the scalar field r. StreamDensityPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] takes the scalar field to be the norm of the vector field. StreamDensityPlot[{{vx, vy}, {wx, wy}, ..., r}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates plots of several vector fields. StreamDensityPlot[..., {x, y} \\[Element] ...
- [StreamMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamMarkers.en.md): StreamMarkers is an option for StreamPlot, ListStreamPlot and related functions that specifies what markers to draw at the field points plotted.
- [StreamPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPlot3D.en.md): StreamPlot3D[{v x, v y, v z}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots streamlines for the vector field {vx, vy, vz} as functions of x, y and z. StreamPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y, z} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [StreamPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPlot.en.md): StreamPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a stream plot of the vector field {vx, vy} as a function of x and y. StreamPlot[{{vx, vy}, {wx, wy}, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates plots of several vector fields. StreamPlot[..., {x, y} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [StreamPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPoints.en.md): StreamPoints is an option to StreamPlot, ListStreamPlot, and related functions that determines how many streamlines to draw.
- [StreamPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPosition.en.md): StreamPosition[stream] returns an integer that specifies the position of the current point in an open stream.
- [StreamScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamScale.en.md): StreamScale is an option to StreamPlot, ListStreamPlot, and related functions that determines the length and arrowhead size of streamlines that are drawn.
- [Streams](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Streams.en.md): Streams[] gives a list of all streams that are currently open. Streams[name] lists only streams with the specified name.
- [StreamStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamStyle.en.md): StreamStyle is an option to StreamPlot, StreamDensityPlot, and related functions that determines the style to use for drawing streamlines.
- [StrictInequalities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StrictInequalities.en.md): StrictInequalities is an option to FunctionSign and FunctionMonotonicity, etc. that determines whether strict inequalities should be used in definitions.
- [StringApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringApply.en.md): StringApply[f, string] applies f to the code points in string. StringApply[f] represents an operator form of StringApply that can be applied to an expression.
- [StringCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringCases.en.md): StringCases[string, patt] gives a list of the substrings in string that match the string expression patt. StringCases[string, lhs -> rhs] gives a list of the values of rhs corresponding to the substrings that match the string expression lhs. StringCases[string, p, n] includes only the first n substrings that match. StringCases[string, {p1, p2, ...}] gives substrings that match any of the pi. StringCases[{s1, s2, ...}, p] gives the list of results for each of the si. StringCases[patt] ...
- [StringContainsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringContainsQ.en.md): StringContainsQ[string, patt] yields True if any substring in  string matches the string expression patt, and yields False otherwise. StringContainsQ[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] yields True if any substring matches any of the patti. StringContainsQ[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, patt] gives a list of the results for each of the SubscriptBox[string, i]. StringContainsQ[patt] represents an operator form of StringContainsQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [StringCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringCount.en.md): StringCount[string,  sub] gives a count of the number of times  sub appears as a substring of  string. StringCount[string, patt] gives the number of substrings in  string that match the general string expression patt. StringCount[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] counts the number of occurrences of any of the patti. StringCount[{s1, s2, ...}, p] gives the list of results for each of the si.
- [StringDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringDelete.en.md): StringDelete[string, patt] yields the string obtained by deleting from string all occurrences of anything matching the string pattern patt. StringDelete[patt] represents an operator form of StringDelete that can be applied to an expression.
- [StringDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringDrop.en.md): StringDrop[string, n] gives  string with its first n characters dropped. StringDrop[string, -n] gives  string with its last n characters dropped. StringDrop[string, {n}] gives  string with its n^th character dropped. StringDrop[string, {m, n}] gives  string with characters m through n dropped. StringDrop[{s1, s2, ...}, spec] gives the list of results for each of the si.
- [StringEndsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringEndsQ.en.md): StringEndsQ[string, patt] yields True if the end of  string matches the string expression patt, and yields False otherwise. StringEndsQ[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] yields True if the end of  string matches any of the patti. StringEndsQ[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, patt] gives a list of the results for each of the SubscriptBox[string, i]. StringEndsQ[patt] represents an operator form of StringEndsQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/String.en.md): String is the head of a character string  text.
- [StringExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringExpression.en.md): s1 ~~ s2 ~~ ... or StringExpression[s1, s2, ...] represents a sequence of strings and symbolic string objects si.
- [StringExtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringExtract.en.md): StringExtract[string, n] extracts the n^th block of characters in string, where blocks of characters are defined as delimited by whitespace. StringExtract[string, {pos1, pos2, ...}] extracts blocks at several positions in string. StringExtract[string, sep -> pos] takes blocks to be delimited by separators that match sep. StringExtract[string, pos1, pos2, ...] extracts blocks at positions posi, delimiting with whitespace for the lowest level, newlines for the next level, and a successively ...
- [StringFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringFormat.en.md): StringFormat[string] attempts to determine what ImportString format could be used to import the string  string.
- [StringFormatQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringFormatQ.en.md): StringFormatQ[string,  fmt] gives True if the string  string might be imported as format  fmt and gives False otherwise. StringFormatQ[string, {SubscriptBox[fmt, 1], SubscriptBox[fmt, 2], ...}] gives True if string might be imported as one of SubscriptBox[fmt, i].
- [StringForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringForm.en.md): StringForm[controlstring, expr1, ...] prints as the text of the controlstring, with the printed forms of the expri embedded.
- [StringFreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringFreeQ.en.md): StringFreeQ[string, patt] yields True if no substring in  string matches the string expression patt, and yields False otherwise. StringFreeQ[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] yields True if no substring matches any of the patti. StringFreeQ[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, patt] gives a list of the results for each of the SubscriptBox[string, i]. StringFreeQ[patt] represents an operator form of StringFreeQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [StringInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringInsert.en.md): StringInsert[string,  snew, n] yields a string with  snew inserted starting at position n in  string. StringInsert[string,  snew, -n] inserts at position n from the end of  string. StringInsert[string,  snew, {n1, n2, ...}] inserts a copy of  snew at each of the positions ni. StringInsert[{s1, s2, ...},  snew, n] gives the list of results for each of the si.
- [StringJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringJoin.en.md): SubscriptBox[s, 1] <> SubscriptBox[s, 2] <> ..., StringJoin[SubscriptBox[s, 1], SubscriptBox[s, 2], ...], or StringJoin[{SubscriptBox[s, 1], SubscriptBox[s, 2], ...}] yields a string consisting of a concatenation of the si.
- [StringLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringLength.en.md): StringLength[string] gives the number of characters in a string.
- [StringMatchQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringMatchQ.en.md): StringMatchQ[string, patt] tests whether string matches the string pattern patt. StringMatchQ[string, RegularExpression[regex]] tests whether string matches the specified regular expression. StringMatchQ[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] test whether string matches any of the patti. StringMatchQ[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, patt] gives the list of the results for each of the SubscriptBox[string, i]. StringMatchQ[patt] represents an operator form of StringMatchQ that ...
- [StringPadLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringPadLeft.en.md): StringPadLeft[string, n] makes string be of length n, padding it on the left with spaces or truncating it if necessary. StringPadLeft[string, n,  padding] pads by repeating copies of the string padding. StringPadLeft[{SubscriptBox[s, 1], SubscriptBox[s, 2], ...}] pads strings with spaces on the left to make them all the same length. StringPadLeft[{SubscriptBox[s, 1], SubscriptBox[s, 2], ...}, n, ...] pads or truncates to make all strings of length n.
- [StringPadRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringPadRight.en.md): StringPadRight[string, n] makes string be of length n, padding it on the right with spaces or truncating it if necessary. StringPadRight[string, n,  padding] pads by repeating copies of the string padding. StringPadRight[{SubscriptBox[s, 1], SubscriptBox[s, 2], ...}] pads strings with spaces on the right to make them all the same length. StringPadRight[{SubscriptBox[s, 1], SubscriptBox[s, 2], ...}, n, ...] pads or truncates to make all strings of length n.
- [StringPart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringPart.en.md): StringPart[string, n] gives the n^th character in  string. StringPart[string, {n1, n2, ...}] gives a list of the ni^th characters in  string. StringPart[string, m ;; n ;; s] gives a list of the characters in  string from the m^th through the n^th in steps of s. StringPart[{s1, s2, ...}, spec] gives the list of results for each of the si.
- [StringPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringPartition.en.md): StringPartition[string, n] partitions string into nonoverlapping substrings of length n. StringPartition[string, n, d] generates substrings with offset d.
- [StringPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringPosition.en.md): StringPosition[string, sub] gives a list of the starting and ending character positions at which sub appears as a substring of string. StringPosition[string, patt] gives all positions at which substrings matching the general string expression patt appear in string. StringPosition[string, patt, n] includes only the first n occurrences of patt. StringPosition[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] gives positions of all the patti. StringPosition[{s1, s2, ...}, p] gives the list of results for each of ...
- [StringQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringQ.en.md): StringQ[expr] gives True if expr is a string, and False otherwise.
- [StringRepeat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringRepeat.en.md): StringRepeat[str, n] creates a string consisting of  str repeated n times. StringRepeat[str, n, max] creates a string consisting of up to n copies of  str, truncated to be of maximum total length at most max.
- [StringReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringReplace.en.md): StringReplace[string, s -> sp] replaces the string expression s by sp wherever it appears in string. StringReplace[string, {s1 -> sp1, s2 -> sp2, ...}] replaces the string expressions si by spi whenever they appear as substrings of string. StringReplace[string, srules, n] does only the first n replacements. StringReplace[{s1, s2, ...}, srules] gives the list of results for each of the si. StringReplace[srules] represents an operator form of StringReplace that can be applied to an ...
- [StringReplaceList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringReplaceList.en.md): StringReplaceList[string, s -> sp] or StringReplaceList[string, {s1 -> sp1, s2 -> sp2, ...}] gives a list of the strings obtained by replacing each individual occurrence of substrings in  string matching the string expressions si. StringReplaceList[string, srules, n] gives a list of the first n results obtained. StringReplaceList[{s1, s2, ...}, srules] gives the list of results for each of the si.
- [StringReplacePart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringReplacePart.en.md): StringReplacePart[string, snew, {m, n}] replaces the characters at positions m through n in string by snew. StringReplacePart[string, snew, {{m1, n1}, {m2, n2}, ...}] inserts copies of snew at several positions. StringReplacePart[string, {SubscriptBox[snew, 1], SubscriptBox[snew, 2], ...}, {{m1, n1}, {m2, n2}, ...}] replaces characters at positions mi through ni in string by SubscriptBox[snew, i]. StringReplacePart[snew, {m, n}] represents an operator form of StringReplacePart that can ...
- [StringReverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringReverse.en.md): StringReverse[string] reverses the order of the characters in  string.
- [StringRiffle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringRiffle.en.md): StringRiffle[{s1, s2, s3, ...}] creates a string by concatenating all the si, with spaces inserted between them. StringRiffle[{{s11, s12, ...}, {s21, s22, ...}, ...}] creates a string by concatenating the sij, and inserting spaces at the lowest level and newlines at the higher level. StringRiffle[list, sep] inserts the separator sep between all elements in list. StringRiffle[list, {left, sep, right}] use left and right as delimiters after concatenation. StringRiffle[list, sep1, sep2, ...] ...
- [StringRotateLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringRotateLeft.en.md): StringRotateLeft[string, n] cycles the characters in string n positions to the left. StringRotateLeft[string] cycles one position to the left.
- [StringRotateRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringRotateRight.en.md): StringRotateRight[string, n] cycles the characters in string n positions to the right. StringRotateRight[string] cycles one position to the right.
- [StringSkeleton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringSkeleton.en.md): StringSkeleton[n] represents a sequence of n omitted characters in a string printed with Short. The standard print form for StringSkeleton is an ellipsis.
- [StringSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringSplit.en.md): StringSplit[string] splits string into a list of substrings separated by whitespace. StringSplit[string, patt] splits into substrings separated by delimiters matching the string expression patt. StringSplit[string, {p1, p2, ...}] splits at any of the pi. StringSplit[string, patt -> val] inserts val at the position of each delimiter. StringSplit[string, {p1 -> v1, ...}] inserts vi at the position of each delimiter pi. StringSplit[string, patt, n] splits into at most n substrings. ...
- [StringStartsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringStartsQ.en.md): StringStartsQ[string, patt] yields True if the beginning of  string matches the string expression patt, and yields False otherwise. StringStartsQ[string, {patt1, patt2, ...}] yields True if the beginning of  string matches any of the patti. StringStartsQ[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, patt] gives a list of the results for each of the SubscriptBox[string, i]. StringStartsQ[patt] represents an operator form of StringStartsQ that can be applied to an expression.
- [StringTakeDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringTakeDrop.en.md): StringTakeDrop[string, n] gives a pair of strings containing the first n characters in  string and the remaining characters. StringTakeDrop[string, seq] gives the pair {StringTake[string, seq], StringDrop[string, seq]}.
- [StringTake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringTake.en.md): StringTake[string, n] gives a string containing the first n characters in  string. StringTake[string, -n] gives the last n characters in  string. StringTake[string, {n}] gives the n^th character in  string. StringTake[string, {m, n}] gives characters m through n in  string. StringTake[string, {spec1, spec2, ...}] gives a list of the substrings specified by the speci. StringTake[{s1, s2, ...}, spec] gives the list of results for each of the si.
- [StringTemplate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringTemplate.en.md): StringTemplate[string] yields a TemplateObject expression that represents a string template to be applied to arguments. StringTemplate[src] uses File[...], URL[...] or CloudObject[...] as the source for the string template. StringTemplate[form, args] yields a TemplateObject with arguments, suitable for cloud deployment or other evaluation.
- [StringToByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringToByteArray.en.md): StringToByteArray[string] returns a byte array corresponding to the UTF-8 encoding of the specified string. StringToByteArray[string,  encoding] uses the specified character encoding.
- [StringToStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringToStream.en.md): StringToStream[string] opens an input stream for reading from a string.
- [StringTrim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringTrim.en.md): StringTrim[string] trims whitespace from the beginning and end of  string. StringTrim[string, patt] trims substrings matching patt from the beginning and end.
- [StripBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StripBoxes.en.md): StripBoxes[expr] will strip out unnecessary boxes, spaces, and styles from a format expression.
- [StripCellGrouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StripCellGrouping.en.md): StripCellGrouping is an option for functions importing or reading cells that specifies whether to strip cell group information.
- [StripOnInput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StripOnInput.en.md): StripOnInput is an option for certain boxes that determines whether the box should be stripped on evaluation.
- [StripWrapperBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StripWrapperBoxes.en.md): StripWrapperBoxes is an option to TagBox that controls how boxes are stripped upon evaluation.
- [Struckthrough](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Struckthrough.en.md): Struckthrough represents a font with a strike-through line.
- [StructuralImportance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StructuralImportance.en.md): StructuralImportance[rdist] gives the structural importances for all components in the ReliabilityDistribution rdist. StructuralImportance[fdist] gives the structural importances for all components in the FailureDistribution fdist. StructuralImportance[bexpr, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the structural importance for the components x1, x2, ... in the Boolean expression bexpr.
- [StructuredArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StructuredArray.en.md): As of Version 12.1, the generic StructuredArray object has been superseded by individual types such as QuantityArray and SymmetrizedArray.
- [StructuredSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StructuredSelection.en.md): StructuredSelection is an option for Cell that specifies whether to allow only complete subexpressions in the cell to be selected interactively using the front end.
- [StruveH](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StruveH.en.md): StruveH[n, z] gives the Struve function n.
- [StruveL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StruveL.en.md): StruveL[n, z] gives the modified Struve function n.
- [Stub](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Stub.en.md): Stub is an attribute which specifies that if a symbol is ever used, Needs should automatically be called on the context of the symbol.
- [StudentTDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StudentTDistribution.en.md): StudentTDistribution[\\[Nu]] represents a standard Student t distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom. StudentTDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], \\[Nu]] represents a Student t distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], scale parameter \\[Sigma], and \\[Nu] degrees of freedom.
- [StyleBoxAutoDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleBoxAutoDelete.en.md): StyleBoxAutoDelete is an option for selections that specifies whether a StyleBox wrapped around them should be automatically removed when the expression is edited.
- [StyleBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleBox.en.md): StyleBox[boxes, options] is a low-level representation of boxes to be shown with the specified option settings. StyleBox[boxes,  style] uses the option setting for the specified style in the current notebook.
- [StyleData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleData.en.md): StyleData[style] is a low-level representation of the contents of a style definition cell. StyleData[style,  environment] represents the contents of a style definition cell in the style environment  environment.
- [StyleDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleDefinitions.en.md): StyleDefinitions is an option for notebooks that gives definitions for the styles that can be used in a notebook.
- [Style](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Style.en.md): Style[expr, options] displays with expr formatted using the specified option settings. Style[expr, style] uses the option settings for the specified style in the current notebook. Style[expr, color] displays using the specified color. Style[expr, Bold] displays with fonts made bold. Style[expr, Italic] displays with fonts made italic. Style[expr, Underlined] displays with fonts underlined. Style[expr, Larger] displays with fonts made larger. Style[expr, Smaller] displays with fonts made ...
- [StyleForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleForm.en.md): As of Version 6.0, StyleForm has been superseded by Style.
- [StyleHints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleHints.en.md): StyleHints is an option for cells and notebooks that specifies an association containing hints used to control stylesheet behaviors.
- [StyleMenuListing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleMenuListing.en.md): StyleMenuListing is an option for cells that specifies whether a given cell style is listed in the Format \\[FilledRightTriangle] Style submenu.
- [StyleNameDialogSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleNameDialogSettings.en.md): StyleNameDialogSettings is a global option that specifies the cell style displayed in the Custom Style dialog box.
- [StylePrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StylePrint.en.md): As of Version 6.0, StylePrint has been superseded by Print[Style[expr,  style]].
- [StyleSheetPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StyleSheetPath.en.md): StyleSheetPath is a global option that specifies which directories the Wolfram System searches to find stylesheets.
- [Subdivide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subdivide.en.md): Subdivide[n] generates the list {0, 1/n, 2/n, ..., 1}. Subdivide[xmax, n] generates the list of values obtained by subdividing the interval 0 to xmax into n equal parts. Subdivide[xmin, xmax, n] generates the list of values from subdividing the interval xmin to xmax.
- [SubdivisionRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubdivisionRegion.en.md): SubdivisionRegion[mesh] represents the limit region of applying a subdivision scheme to the mesh region mesh. SubdivisionRegion[mesh, n] gives the n^th subdivision level of mesh. SubdivisionRegion[..., proc] uses the subdivision refinement scheme proc.
- [Subfactorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subfactorial.en.md): Subfactorial[n] gives the number of permutations of n objects that leave no object fixed.
- [Subgraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subgraph.en.md): Subgraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the subgraph of the graph g generated by the vertices vi. Subgraph[g, {e1, e2, ...}] gives the subgraph generated by the edges ej. Subgraph[g, patt] gives the subgraph generated by the vertices and edges that match the pattern patt. Subgraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [SubMinus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubMinus.en.md): SubMinus[expr] displays as expr -.
- [SubPlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubPlus.en.md): SubPlus[expr] displays as expr +.
- [SubresultantPolynomialRemainders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubresultantPolynomialRemainders.en.md): SubresultantPolynomialRemainders[poly1, poly2, var] gives the subresultant polynomial remainder sequence of the polynomials poly1 and poly2 with respect to the variable var. SubresultantPolynomialRemainders[poly1, poly2, var, Modulus -> p] computes the subresultant polynomial remainder sequence modulo the prime p.
- [SubresultantPolynomials](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubresultantPolynomials.en.md): SubresultantPolynomials[poly1, poly2, var] generates a list of subresultant polynomials of the polynomials poly1 and poly2 with respect to the variable var. SubresultantPolynomials[poly1, poly2, var, Modulus -> p] computes the subresultant polynomials modulo the prime p.
- [Subresultants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subresultants.en.md): Subresultants[poly1, poly2, var] generates a list of the principal subresultant coefficients of the polynomials poly1 and poly2 with respect to the variable var. Subresultants[poly1, poly2, var, Modulus -> p] computes the principal subresultant coefficients modulo the prime p.
- [SubscriptBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubscriptBox.en.md): SubscriptBox[x, y] is the low-level box representation for xy in notebook expressions.
- [SubscriptBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubscriptBoxOptions.en.md): SubscriptBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for SubscriptBox objects.
- [Subscripted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subscripted.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), Subscripted has been superseded by RowBox, SubscriptBox, etc.
- [Subscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subscript.en.md): Subscript[x, y] is an object that formats as xy. Subscript[x, y1, y2, ...] formats as x Subscript[y, 1], Subscript[y, 2], ....
- [Subsequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subsequences.en.md): Subsequences[list] gives the list of all possible subsequences of list. Subsequences[list, n] gives all subsequences containing at most n elements. Subsequences[list, {n}] gives all subsequences containing exactly n elements. Subsequences[list, {nmin, nmax}] gives all subsequences containing between nmin and nmax elements. Subsequences[list, nspec, s] limits the result to the first s subsequences. Subsequences[list, nspec, {s}] gives if possible the s^th subsequence.
- [SubsetCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetCases.en.md): SubsetCases[list, patt] gives a list of the sublists in list that match the pattern patt in any order. SubsetCases[list, patt -> rhs] gives a list of the values of rhs corresponding to matching sublists. SubsetCases[list, patt, n] includes only the first n matches.
- [SubsetCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetCount.en.md): SubsetCount[list, sub] gives a count of the number of times sub appears in any order as a sublist of list. SubsetCount[list, patt] gives the number of sublists in list that match the general pattern patt in any order.
- [Subset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subset.en.md): Subset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Subset] y \\[Subset] ....
- [SubsetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetEqual.en.md): SubsetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SubsetEqual] y \\[SubsetEqual] ....
- [SubsetMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetMap.en.md): SubsetMap[f, {e1, e2, ...}, {i, j, ...}] yields an expression in which the elements ei, ej, ... in the list {e1, e2, ...} are replaced with the corresponding elements of the list obtained by evaluating f[{ei, ej, ...}]. SubsetMap[f, expr, {pos1, pos2, ...}] replaces elements of expr at positions pos1, pos2, .... SubsetMap[f, {pos1, pos2, ...}] represents an operator form of SubsetMap that can be applied to an expression.
- [SubsetPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetPosition.en.md): SubsetPosition[list, sublist] gives a list of positions at which sublist appears in list in any order. SubsetPosition[list, patt] gives all positions at which sublists matching patt in any order appear in list. SubsetPosition[list, patt, n] includes only the first n positions.
- [SubsetQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetQ.en.md): SubsetQ[list1, list2] yields True if list2 is a subset of list1, and False otherwise.
- [SubsetReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsetReplace.en.md): SubsetReplace[list, rules] replaces sublists in list according to the specified rule or list of rules. SubsetReplace[list, rules, n] does only the first n replacements. SubsetReplace[rules] represents an operator form of SubsetReplace that can be applied to an expression.
- [Subsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subsets.en.md): Subsets[list] gives a list of all possible subsets of list. Subsets[list, n] gives all subsets containing at most n elements. Subsets[list, {n}] gives all subsets containing exactly n elements. Subsets[list, {nmin, nmax}] gives all subsets containing between nmin and nmax elements. Subsets[list, nspec, s] limits the result to the first s subsets. Subsets[list, nspec, {s}] gives if possible the s^th subset.
- [SubStar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubStar.en.md): SubStar[expr] displays as expr*.
- [SubstitutionSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubstitutionSystem.en.md): SubstitutionSystem[rule, init, t] generates a list representing the evolution of the substitution system with the specified rule from initial condition init for t steps. SubstitutionSystem[rule, init] gives the result of evolving init for one step. SubstitutionSystem[rule] is an operator form of SubstitutionSystem that corresponds to one step of evolution.
- [SubsuperscriptBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsuperscriptBox.en.md): x_y^z is the low-level box representation for x_y^z in notebook expressions.
- [SubsuperscriptBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubsuperscriptBoxOptions.en.md): SubsuperscriptBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for SubsuperscriptBox objects.
- [Subsuperscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subsuperscript.en.md): Subsuperscript[x, y, z] is an object that formats as x_y^z.
- [SubtitleEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubtitleEncoding.en.md): SubtitleEncoding is an option for Export and other functions that specifies the subtitle encoding to use when creating a video file.
- [SubtitleStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubtitleStyle.en.md): SubtitleStyle is an option for video functions that specifies styles of subtitles.
- [SubtitleTrackSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubtitleTrackSelection.en.md): SubtitleTrackSelection is an option that specifies the subtitle tracks of interest.
- [SubtitleTracks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubtitleTracks.en.md): As of Version 12.2, SubtitleTracks has been superseded by SubtitleTrackSelection.
- [Subtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Subtract.en.md): x - y is equivalent to x + (-1*y).
- [SubtractFrom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubtractFrom.en.md): x -= dx subtracts dx from x and returns the new value of x.
- [SubtractSides](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubtractSides.en.md): SubtractSides[rel, x] subtracts x from each side of the equation or inequality rel. SubtractSides[rel1, rel2] subtracts the corresponding sides of two equations or inequalities. SubtractSides[rel] subtracts the right-hand side of rel from each side, producing a zero right-hand side.
- [SubValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubValues.en.md): SubValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all subvalues (values for f[...][...] ...) defined for the symbol f. SubValues[symbol] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all subvalues defined for the symbol named  symbol if it exists.
- [SubValuesHoldAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SubValuesHoldAll.en.md): SubValuesHoldAll is an attribute that specifies that all subvalue arguments to a function are to be maintained in an unevaluated form.
- [Succeeds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Succeeds.en.md): Succeeds[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Succeeds] y \\[Succeeds] ....
- [SucceedsEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SucceedsEqual.en.md): SucceedsEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SucceedsEqual] y \\[SucceedsEqual] ....
- [SucceedsSlantEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SucceedsSlantEqual.en.md): SucceedsSlantEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SucceedsSlantEqual] y \\[SucceedsSlantEqual] ....
- [SucceedsTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SucceedsTilde.en.md): SucceedsTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SucceedsTilde] y \\[SucceedsTilde] ....
- [Success](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Success.en.md): Success[tag, assoc] represents a success of a type indicated by tag, with details given by the association assoc.
- [SuchThat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuchThat.en.md): SuchThat[x, y] displays as x \\[SuchThat] y.
- [SumConvergence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SumConvergence.en.md): SumConvergence[f, n] gives conditions for the sum \\[Sum]n^\\[Infinity] f to be convergent. SumConvergence[f, {n1, n2, ...}] gives conditions for the multiple sum \\[Sum]n1^\\[Infinity] \\[Sum]n2^\\[Infinity] ... f to be convergent. SumConvergence[f, {n, a, \\[Infinity]}] gives conditions for the sum \\[Sum]n = a \\[Infinity] f to be convergent on the interval [a, \\[Infinity]). SumConvergence[f, {n, a, \\[Infinity]}, ..., {m, b, \\[Infinity]}] gives conditions for the multiple sum \\[Sum]n = ...
- [Sum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md): Sum[f, {i, imax}] evaluates the sum \\[Sum]i = 1 imax f. Sum[f, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. Sum[f, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. Sum[f, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses successive values i1, i2, .... Sum[f, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] evaluates the multiple sum \\[Sum]i = imin imax \\[Sum]j = jmin jmax ... f. Sum[f, i] gives the indefinite sum UnderscriptBox[\\[Sum], i]f.
- [SummationLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SummationLayer.en.md): SummationLayer[] represents a net layer that sums all of its input elements.
- [Sunday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sunday.en.md): Sunday is a day of the week.
- [SunPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SunPosition.en.md): SunPosition[] gives the position of the Sun for the current date and location. SunPosition[datespec] gives the position of the Sun for the specified date. SunPosition[locationspec] gives the positions of the Sun for the specified location. SunPosition[locationspec, datespec] gives the position of the Sun for the specified date and location. SunPosition[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives the positions of the Sun for all specified locations on the specified dates. ...
- [Sunrise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sunrise.en.md): Sunrise[] gives the time of the next sunrise for the current date and location. Sunrise[datespec] gives the times of the next sunrise for the specified dates. Sunrise[locationspec] gives the times of the next sunrise for the specified locations. Sunrise[locationspec, datespec] gives the time of the next sunrise for the specified date and location. Sunrise[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives the times of the next sunrise for all specified locations on the specified dates. ...
- [Sunset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sunset.en.md): Sunset[] gives the time of the next sunset for the current date and location. Sunset[datespec] gives the time of the next sunset for the specified dates. Sunset[locationspec] gives the times of the next sunset for the specified locations. Sunset[locationspec, datespec] gives the time of the next sunset for the specified date and location. Sunset[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives the times of the next sunset for all specified locations on the specified dates. ...
- [SuperDagger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuperDagger.en.md): SuperDagger[expr] displays as expr^\\[Dagger].
- [SuperMinus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuperMinus.en.md): SuperMinus[expr] displays as expr^-.
- [SupernovaData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SupernovaData.en.md): SupernovaData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the supernova entity. SupernovaData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified supernova entities. SupernovaData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [SuperPlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuperPlus.en.md): SuperPlus[expr] displays as expr^+.
- [SuperscriptBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuperscriptBox.en.md): SuperscriptBox[x, y] is the low-level box representation for x^y in notebook expressions.
- [SuperscriptBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuperscriptBoxOptions.en.md): SuperscriptBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for SuperscriptBox objects.
- [Superscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Superscript.en.md): Superscript[x, y] is an object that formats as x^y.
- [Superset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Superset.en.md): Superset[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Superset] y \\[Superset] ....
- [SupersetEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SupersetEqual.en.md): SupersetEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[SupersetEqual] y \\[SupersetEqual] ....
- [SuperStar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuperStar.en.md): SuperStar[expr] displays as expr^*.
- [Surd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Surd.en.md): Surd[x, n] gives the real-valued n^th root of x.
- [SurdForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurdForm.en.md): SurdForm is an option to RadicalBox and SqrtBox that indicates whether the radical represents a Surd expression.
- [SurfaceArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceArea.en.md): SurfaceArea[reg] gives the surface area of the three-dimensional region reg. SurfaceArea[{x1, ..., xn}, {s, smin, ssmax}, {t, tmin, tmax}, {u, umin, umax}] gives the surface area of the parametrized region whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of s, t, u. SurfaceArea[{x1, ..., xn}, {s, smin, ssmax}, {t, tmin, tmax}, {u, umin, umax}, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [SurfaceColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceColor.en.md): As of Version 6, SurfaceColor has been superseded by Specularity and Glow.
- [SurfaceContourPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceContourPlot3D.en.md): SurfaceContourPlot3D[f, p \\[Element] reg] generates a contour plot of f over the surface reg as a function of p.
- [SurfaceData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceData.en.md): SurfaceData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the surface entity. SurfaceData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified surface entities. SurfaceData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [SurfaceDensityPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceDensityPlot3D.en.md): SurfaceDensityPlot3D[f, p \\[Element] reg] generates a density plot of f over the region reg as a function of p.
- [SurfaceGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceGraphics.en.md): As of Version 6.0, SurfaceGraphics has been superseded by GraphicsComplex and related functionality.
- [SurfaceIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurfaceIntegrate.en.md): SurfaceIntegrate[f, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] surface] computes the scalar surface integral of the function f[x, y, ...] over the surface. SurfaceIntegrate[{p, q, ...}, {x, y, ...} \\[Element] surface] computes the vector surface integral of the vector field {p[x, y, ...], q[x, y, ...], ...}.
- [SurvivalDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurvivalDistribution.en.md): SurvivalDistribution[{e1, e2, ...}] represents a survival distribution with event times ei. SurvivalDistribution[{cw1, cw2, ...} -> {e1, e2, ...}] represents a survival distribution where events ei occur with censor weights cwi.
- [SurvivalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurvivalFunction.en.md): SurvivalFunction[dist, x] gives the survival function for the distribution dist evaluated at x. SurvivalFunction[dist, {x1, x2, ...}] gives the multivariate survival function for the distribution dist evaluated at {x1, x2, ...}. SurvivalFunction[dist] gives the survival function as a pure function.
- [SurvivalModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurvivalModel.en.md): SurvivalModel[...] represents the symbolic survival model obtained from functions like SurvivalModelFit.
- [SurvivalModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SurvivalModelFit.en.md): SurvivalModelFit[{e1, e2, ...}] creates a survival model for event times ei.
- [SuspendPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuspendPacket.en.md): As of Version 6, SuspendPacket is obsolete.
- [SuzukiDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuzukiDistribution.en.md): SuzukiDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Nu]] represents the Suzuki distribution with shape parameters \\[Mu] and \\[Nu].
- [SuzukiGroupSuz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SuzukiGroupSuz.en.md): SuzukiGroupSuz[] represents the sporadic simple Suzuki group Suz.
- [SwatchLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SwatchLegend.en.md): SwatchLegend[{col1, ...}, {lbl1, ...}] generates a legend that associates swatches of colors coli with labels lbli. SwatchLegend[{col1, ...}, Automatic] generates a legend with placeholder labels for the colors coli. SwatchLegend[{lbl1, ...}] represents a legend with inherited colors within visualization functions.
- [Switch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Switch.en.md): Switch[expr, form1, value1, form2, value2, ...] evaluates expr, then compares it with each of the formi in turn, evaluating and returning the valuei corresponding to the first match found.
- [Symbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Symbol.en.md): Symbol[name] refers to a symbol with the specified name.
- [SymbolicDeltaProductArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymbolicDeltaProductArray.en.md): SymbolicDeltaProductArray[{n1, n2, ...}, {{j 1, 1, j 1, 2, ...}, {j 2, 1, j 2, 2, ...}, ...}] represents an n1*n2*... array with elements a Subscript[i, 1], Subscript[i, 2], ... equal to 1 if all i Subscript[j, p, 1] == i Subscript[j, p, 2] == ..., and 0 otherwise.
- [SymbolicIdentityArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymbolicIdentityArray.en.md): SymbolicIdentityArray[{n1, n2, ...}] represents an n1*n2*...*n1*n2*... array with elements a Subscript[i, 1], Subscript[i, 2], ..., Subscript[j, 1], \\ Subscript[j, 2], ... equal to 1 if all ik == jk, and 0 otherwise.
- [SymbolicOnesArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymbolicOnesArray.en.md): SymbolicOnesArray[] represents an array of ones with unspecified dimensions. SymbolicOnesArray[{n1, n2, ...}] represents an n1*n2*... array of ones.
- [SymbolicZerosArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymbolicZerosArray.en.md): SymbolicZerosArray[] represents an array of zeros with unspecified dimensions. SymbolicZerosArray[{n1, n2, ...}] represents an n1*n2*... array of zeros.
- [SymbolName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymbolName.en.md): SymbolName[symbol] gives the name of the specified symbol.
- [SymletWavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymletWavelet.en.md): SymletWavelet[] represents the Symlet wavelet of order 4. SymletWavelet[n] represents the Symlet wavelet of order n.
- [SymmetricDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricDifference.en.md): SymmetricDifference[list1, list2, ...] gives the symmetric difference of the lists listi.
- [Symmetric](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Symmetric.en.md): Symmetric[{s1, ..., sn}] represents the symmetry of a tensor that is symmetric in the slots si.
- [SymmetricGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricGroup.en.md): SymmetricGroup[n] represents the symmetric group of degree n.
- [SymmetricKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricKey.en.md): SymmetricKey[assoc] represents all the information needed for encryption, decryption, and other operations in a symmetric cryptographic system.
- [SymmetricMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricMatrix.en.md): SymmetricMatrix[smat] converts the symmetric matrix smat to a structured array.
- [SymmetricMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricMatrixQ.en.md): SymmetricMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is explicitly symmetric, and False otherwise.
- [SymmetricPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricPolynomial.en.md): SymmetricPolynomial[k, {x1, ..., xn}] gives the k^th elementary symmetric polynomial in the variables x1, ..., xn.
- [SymmetricReduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricReduction.en.md): SymmetricReduction[f, {x1, ..., xn}] gives a pair of polynomials {p, q} in x1, ..., xn such that f == p + q, where p is the symmetric part and q is the remainder. SymmetricReduction[f, {x1, ..., xn}, {s1, ..., sn}] gives the pair {p, q} with the elementary symmetric polynomials in p replaced by s1, ..., sn.
- [SymmetrizedArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetrizedArray.en.md): SymmetrizedArray[{pos1 -> val1, pos2 -> val2, ...}, dims, sym] yields an array of dimensions dims whose entries are given by those in the rules posi -> vali or through the symmetry sym. SymmetrizedArray[list] yields a symmetrized array version of list.
- [SymmetrizedArrayRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetrizedArrayRules.en.md): SymmetrizedArrayRules[sa] returns a list of rules posi -> vali of the symmetrized array sa. SymmetrizedArrayRules[a, sym] returns a list of rules posi -> vali of the array a after being symmetrized with symmetry sym.
- [SymmetrizedDependentComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetrizedDependentComponents.en.md): SymmetrizedDependentComponents[comp, sym] gives the list of components that are equivalent to the component comp by the symmetry sym.
- [SymmetrizedIndependentComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetrizedIndependentComponents.en.md): SymmetrizedIndependentComponents[dims, sym] gives the list of independent components of an array of dimensions dims with the symmetry sym.
- [SymmetrizedReplacePart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetrizedReplacePart.en.md): SymmetrizedReplacePart[sa, {pos1 -> val1, pos2 -> val2, ...}] replaces independent values of the symmetrized array sa as given by the rules posi -> vali.
- [Symmetrize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Symmetrize.en.md): Symmetrize[tensor, sym] returns the symmetrization of tensor under the symmetry sym.
- [SynchronousInitialization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SynchronousInitialization.en.md): SynchronousInitialization is an option for Manipulate, DynamicModule, and related functions that specifies whether or not to evaluate the expression given as the setting for Initialization synchronously.
- [SynchronousUpdating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SynchronousUpdating.en.md): SynchronousUpdating is an option for Manipulate, Dynamic, and related functions that specifies whether or not to evaluate their contents synchronously.
- [Synonyms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Synonyms.en.md): Synonyms[word] returns the synonyms associated with the specified word.
- [SyntaxForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SyntaxForm.en.md): SyntaxForm is an option for operator-like box objects that specifies the precedence level to use when the box is used as an operator.
- [SyntaxInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SyntaxInformation.en.md): SyntaxInformation[f] gives information used to generate syntax coloring and other advisories when f[...] is entered as input.
- [SyntaxLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SyntaxLength.en.md): SyntaxLength[string] finds the number of characters starting at the beginning of a string that correspond to syntactically correct input for a single Wolfram Language expression.
- [SyntaxPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SyntaxPacket.en.md): SyntaxPacket[integer] is a WSTP packet where integer indicates the position at which a syntax error was detected in the input line.
- [SyntaxQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SyntaxQ.en.md): SyntaxQ[string] returns True if the string corresponds to syntactically correct input for a single Wolfram Language expression, and returns False otherwise. SyntaxQ[string, form] uses interpretation rules corresponding to the specified form.
- [SynthesizeMissingValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SynthesizeMissingValues.en.md): SynthesizeMissingValues[{example1, example2, ...}] replaces missing values in each example by generated values. SynthesizeMissingValues[dist, data] uses the distribution dist to generate values.
- [SystemBenchmark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemBenchmark.en.md): SystemBenchmark[] runs the WolframMark benchmark. SystemBenchmark[Notebook] generates a report notebook.
- [SystemColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemColor.en.md): SystemColor[name] represents a named color that is provided by the windowing system theme.
- [SystemCredentialData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemCredentialData.en.md): SystemCredentialData[assoc,  pwfield] represents data intended for secure credential storage.
- [SystemCredential](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemCredential.en.md): SystemCredential[keyname] gives the expression stored under  keyname in secure storage.
- [SystemCredentialKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemCredentialKey.en.md): SystemCredentialKey is an option of AuthenticationDialog that specifies the name for secure storage of the requested credentials.
- [SystemCredentialKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemCredentialKeys.en.md): SystemCredentialKeys[patt] gives the list of keys in secure storage that match patt.
- [SystemCredentialStoreObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemCredentialStoreObject.en.md): SystemCredentialStoreObject[assoc] represents a credential store.
- [SystemDialogInput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemDialogInput.en.md): SystemDialogInput[type] brings up an interactive system dialog and returns the value chosen in the dialog. SystemDialogInput[type, init] uses init as the initial setting in the dialog.
- [SystemHelpPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemHelpPath.en.md): SystemHelpPath is a global option that specifies which directories are searched for the help notebooks used within the help system.
- [SystemInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemInformation.en.md): SystemInformation[] gives detailed information about the Wolfram System being run. SystemInformation[comp] gives a list of rules with information about the component  comp. SystemInformation[comp,  prop] gives the value of property  prop for component  comp.
- [SystemInstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemInstall.en.md): Installation and management of external languages is now managed directly by ExternalEvaluate.
- [SystemModelAlways](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelAlways.en.md): SystemModelAlways[t, texpr] is True if the temporal expression texpr is always True. SystemModelAlways[t, cond, texpr] is True if texpr is always True in the intervals where the temporal expression cond is True.
- [SystemModelCalibrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelCalibrate.en.md): SystemModelCalibrate[data, smodel, pars] calibrates the parameters pars in the system model smodel according to data. SystemModelCalibrate[data, {smodel, cons}, pars] calibrates the parameters pars subject to the constraints cons. SystemModelCalibrate[..., spec] calibrates following the specification spec. SystemModelCalibrate[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [SystemModelDelay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelDelay.en.md): SystemModelDelay[texpr, \\[Delta]] delays the temporal expression texpr by \\[Delta] units of time, i.e. texpr[t - \\[Delta]]. SystemModelDelay[texpr, {\\[Delta]min, \\[Delta]max}] delays texpr by a minimum delay \\[Delta]min and a maximum delay \\[Delta]max.
- [SystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModel.en.md): SystemModel[model] gives a representation of the model  model, usable as input to other functions. SystemModel[model][property] gives the specified  property for the model  model.
- [SystemModeler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModeler.en.md): SystemModeler[] starts SystemModeler. SystemModeler[model] starts SystemModeler and opens the SystemModel model. SystemModeler[simulation] starts SystemModeler with SystemModelSimulationData simulation. SystemModeler[...,  action] starts SystemModeler and completes  action.
- [SystemModelEventually](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelEventually.en.md): SystemModelEventually[t, texpr] is True if the temporal expression texpr eventually becomes True. SystemModelEventually[t, cond, texpr] is True if texpr eventually becomes True in an interval where the temporal expression cond is True.
- [SystemModelExamples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelExamples.en.md): SystemModelExamples[] shows an interactive browser of system modeling example models. SystemModelExamples[Models] lists all example models. SystemModelExamples[Models, patt] lists models with names matching string pattern patt.
- [SystemModelLinearize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelLinearize.en.md): SystemModelLinearize[model] gives a linearized StateSpaceModel for model at an equilibrium. SystemModelLinearize[model, op] linearizes at the operating point op.
- [SystemModelMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelMeasurements.en.md): SystemModelMeasurements[sspec] computes measurement properties for the system specification sspec. SystemModelMeasurements[sspec, prop] computes the property prop. SystemModelMeasurements[sim, ...] computes properties for the SystemModelSimulationData object sim.
- [SystemModelParametricSimulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelParametricSimulate.en.md): SystemModelParametricSimulate[model, v, {p1, p2, ...}] simulates model for the variable v with parameters pi. SystemModelParametricSimulate[model, {v1, v2, ...}, {p1, p2, ...}] simulates model for multiple variables vi. SystemModelParametricSimulate[model, vars, tmax, ...] simulates from 0 to tmax. SystemModelParametricSimulate[model, vars, {tmin, tmax}, ...] simulates from tmin to tmax.
- [SystemModelPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelPlot.en.md): SystemModelPlot[sim] shows default plots from the SystemModelSimulationData object sim. SystemModelPlot[sim, id] shows model plot with identifier or name  id. SystemModelPlot[sim, {v1, v2, ...}] generates a plot of the variables vi in sim. SystemModelPlot[{sim1, sim2, ...}, ...] plots variables from several simulations. SystemModelPlot[model, ...] plots from a new simulation of  model.
- [SystemModelProgressReporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelProgressReporting.en.md): As of Version 13.1, SystemModelProgressReporting has been superseded by ProgressReporting.
- [SystemModelReliability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelReliability.en.md): SystemModelReliability[model] retrieves the lifetime distribution for model. SystemModelReliability[model, Components] gives a list of components in ReliabilityDistribution or FailureDistribution. SystemModelReliability[model, ComponentRules] gives a list of translation rules for components.
- [SystemModels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModels.en.md): SystemModels[] returns a list of loaded system models. SystemModels[patt] returns the models matching the string pattern patt. SystemModels[patt,  spec] only returns specialized models of the kind  spec.
- [SystemModelSimulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelSimulate.en.md): SystemModelSimulate[model] simulates model according to experiment settings. SystemModelSimulate[model, tmax] simulates from 0 to tmax. SystemModelSimulate[model, {tmin, tmax}] simulates from tmin to tmax. SystemModelSimulate[model, vars, {tmin, tmax}] stores only simulation data for the variables vars.
- [SystemModelSimulateSensitivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelSimulateSensitivity.en.md): SystemModelSimulateSensitivity[model, {p1, p2, ...}] simulates model and sensitivities to parameters pi following experiment settings. SystemModelSimulateSensitivity[model, tmax, {p1, p2, ...}] simulates from 0 to tmax. SystemModelSimulateSensitivity[model, {tmin, tmax}, {p1, p2, ...}] simulates from tmin to tmax. SystemModelSimulateSensitivity[model, vars, {tmin, tmax}, {p1, p2, ...}] stores only simulation data for the variables vars.
- [SystemModelSimulationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelSimulationData.en.md): SystemModelSimulationData[...] represents simulation data from functions such as SystemModelSimulate etc.
- [SystemModelSurrogate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelSurrogate.en.md): SystemModelSurrogate[...] represents the symbolic surrogate model obtained from SystemModelSurrogateTrain.
- [SystemModelSurrogateTrain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelSurrogateTrain.en.md): SystemModelSurrogateTrain[sys, spec] creates a reduced model from the system model sys according to spec. SystemModelSurrogateTrain[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [SystemModelSustain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelSustain.en.md): SystemModelSustain[texpr, {min, max}] is True over time intervals where texpr is True for at least min and at most max units of time.
- [SystemModelUncertaintyPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelUncertaintyPlot.en.md): SystemModelUncertaintyPlot[sys, spec] plots the uncertainty in outputs in the system model sys from uncertainty in inputs according to spec.
- [SystemModelUntil](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelUntil.en.md): SystemModelUntil[texpr1, texpr2] is True in the intervals where texpr1 is True until texpr2 first becomes True.
- [SystemModelValidate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelValidate.en.md): SystemModelValidate[sys, req] validates the requirement req in the system model sys. SystemModelValidate[sys, req, spec] validates the requirement req according to spec. SystemModelValidate[sim, ...] validates the requirement for the SystemModelSimulationData object sim. SystemModelValidate[...,  prop] gives the value of the property  prop.
- [SystemModelValidationData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemModelValidationData.en.md): SystemModelValidationData[...] represents the symbolic requirement validation results obtained from SystemModelValidate.
- [SystemOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemOpen.en.md): SystemOpen[target] opens the specified file, URL, or other target with the associated program on your computer system.
- [SystemOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemOptions.en.md): SystemOptions[name] gives the current setting for the internal system option with the specified name. SystemOptions[] gives the current settings for all settable internal system options.
- [SystemProcessData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemProcessData.en.md): SystemProcessData[] gives a dataset of information about processes that you are running on your computer system. SystemProcessData[All] gives information about all processes running on your computer system. SystemProcessData[patt] gives information about processes whose names or paths contain the string pattern patt. SystemProcessData[prop -> val] gives information about processes for which property prop has value val. SystemProcessData[{prop1 -> val1, ...}] gives information about ...
- [SystemProcesses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemProcesses.en.md): SystemProcesses[] gives a list of processes that you are running on your computer system. SystemProcesses[All] gives a list of all processes that are running on your computer system. SystemProcesses[patt] gives a list of all processes whose names match the string pattern patt. SystemProcesses[prop -> val] gives a list of all processes for which property prop has value val. SystemProcesses[{prop1 -> val1, ...}] gives a list of all processes for which property propi has value vali.
- [SystemsConnectionsModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsConnectionsModel.en.md): SystemsConnectionsModel[{sys1, sys2, ...}, conxs, ins, outs] gives a model with inputs ins and outputs outs obtained by connecting the systems models sysi using connections conxs.
- [SystemsModelControllerData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelControllerData.en.md): SystemsModelControllerData[...] represents controller data generated by functions LQGRegulator, PIDTune, etc.
- [SystemsModelDelayApproximate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelDelayApproximate.en.md): SystemsModelDelayApproximate[sys, ord] gives a delay-free system by using approximations of order ord of the time delays in system sys.
- [SystemsModelDelay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelDelay.en.md): SystemsModelDelay[\\[Delta]] represents a time delay of \\[Delta] in a StateSpaceModel or TransferFunctionModel.
- [SystemsModelDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelDelete.en.md): SystemsModelDelete[sys, {in1, ...}] deletes the subsystem of the systems model sys associated with inputs at position ini. SystemsModelDelete[sys, {in1, ...}, {out1, ...}] also deletes the subsystem associated with outputs at positions outi. SystemsModelDelete[sys, {in1, ...}, {out1, ...}, {s1, s2, ...}] deletes the subsystem of the state-space model sys associated with inputs, outputs, and states at ini, outi, and si, respectively.
- [SystemsModelDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelDimensions.en.md): SystemsModelDimensions[sys] gives the number of inputs and outputs of the systems model sys.
- [SystemsModelExtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelExtract.en.md): SystemsModelExtract[sys, {in1, ...}] extracts the subsystem of the systems model sys associated with inputs at position ini. SystemsModelExtract[sys, {in1, ...}, {out1, ...}] extracts the subsystem associated with inputs and outputs at positions ini and outi, respectively. SystemsModelExtract[sys, {in1, ...}, {out1, ...}, \\ {s1, ...}] extracts the subsystem of the state-space model sys associated with inputs, outputs, and states at ini, outi, and si, respectively.
- [SystemsModelFeedbackConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelFeedbackConnect.en.md): SystemsModelFeedbackConnect[sys] connects the outputs from sys to the inputs with negative feedback. SystemsModelFeedbackConnect[sys, {con1, ...}] only feedback connect the outputs and inputs in coni. SystemsModelFeedbackConnect[sys1, sys2] connects the outputs of sys1 to sys2 and the outputs of sys2 to the inputs of sys1 in feedback. SystemsModelFeedbackConnect[sys1, sys2, {out1, ...}, {{in1, ftype1}, ...}] connects output outi of sys1 to the i^th input of sys2 and the j^th output of sys2 to ...
- [SystemsModelLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelLabels.en.md): SystemsModelLabels is an option to StateSpaceModel etc. that specifies labels of variables.
- [SystemsModelLinearity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelLinearity.en.md): SystemsModelLinearity[sys] gives the linearity of the systems model sys. SystemsModelLinearity[{sys, {in1, ...}, {out1, ...}, \\ {s1, ...}}] only considers the subsystem associated with inputs ini, outputs outj, and states sk.
- [SystemsModelMerge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelMerge.en.md): SystemsModelMerge[{sys1, sys2, ...}] merges the systems models sysj.
- [SystemsModelOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelOrder.en.md): SystemsModelOrder[sys] gives the order of the state-space model sys.
- [SystemsModelParallelConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelParallelConnect.en.md): SystemsModelParallelConnect[sys1, sys2] connects the systems models sys1 and sys2 in parallel. SystemsModelParallelConnect[sys1, sys2, {{in11, in21}, ...}, {{out11, out21}, ...}] connects the inputs Subscript[in, 1] i to inputs in 2 i and sums the outputs Subscript[out, 1] k and outputs Subscript[out, 2] k.
- [SystemsModelSeriesConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelSeriesConnect.en.md): SystemsModelSeriesConnect[sys1, sys2] connects systems models sys1 and sys2 in series. SystemsModelSeriesConnect[sys1, sys2, {{out11, in21}, ...}] connects outputs out 1 i of sys1 to inputs in 2 i of sys2.
- [SystemsModelStateFeedbackConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelStateFeedbackConnect.en.md): SystemsModelStateFeedbackConnect[sys, con] connects the states of the systems model sys to the controller con and the outputs of con to the inputs of sys in feedback. SystemsModelStateFeedbackConnect[sys, con, {s1, ...}, {{in1, ftype1}, ...}] connects state si of sys to the i^th input of con and the j^th output of con to input inj of sys with feedback type ftypej
- [SystemsModelVectorRelativeOrders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemsModelVectorRelativeOrders.en.md): SystemsModelVectorRelativeOrders[sys] gives the vector-relative orders of the systems model sys.
- [TabFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabFilling.en.md): TabFilling is an option for character selections that specifies how a Tab character is represented on the screen.
- [TableAlignments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableAlignments.en.md): TableAlignments is an option for TableForm and MatrixForm which specifies how entries in each dimension should be aligned.
- [TableDepth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableDepth.en.md): TableDepth is an option for TableForm and MatrixForm that specifies the maximum number of levels to be printed in tabular or matrix format.
- [TableDirections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableDirections.en.md): TableDirections is an option for TableForm and MatrixForm which specifies whether successive dimensions should be arranged as rows or columns.
- [Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Table.en.md): Table[expr, n] generates a list of n copies of expr. Table[expr, {i, imax}] generates a list of the values of expr when i runs from 1 to imax. Table[expr, {i, imin, imax}] starts with i = imin. Table[expr, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses steps di. Table[expr, {i, {i1, i2, ...}}] uses the successive values i1, i2, .... Table[expr, {i, imin, imax}, {j, jmin, jmax}, ...] gives a nested list. The list associated with i is outermost. >
- [TableForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableForm.en.md): TableForm[list] prints with the elements of list arranged in an array of rectangular cells.
- [TableHeadings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableHeadings.en.md): TableHeadings is an option for TableForm and MatrixForm that gives the labels to be printed for entries in each dimension of a table or matrix.
- [TableSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableSpacing.en.md): TableSpacing is an option for TableForm and MatrixForm that specifies how many spaces should be left between each successive row or column.
- [TableView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TableView.en.md): TableView[{{expr11, expr12, ...}, {expr21, expr22, ...}, ...}] displays as a spreadsheet-like table view for editing and viewing exprij. TableView[Dynamic[x]] takes the contents of the table view to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being reset as the table view is interactively edited. TableView[table, type] uses the specified type by default to represent newly edited or created entries in the table view. TableView[] displays an empty table view.
- [TabSpacings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabSpacings.en.md): TabSpacings is an option for character selections that specifies the number of spaces in ems that the cursor advances when the Tab key is pressed.
- [TabularColumn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularColumn.en.md): TabularColumn[{v1, v2, ...}] gives a vector with elements with values vi with an efficient element type determined automatically. TabularColumn[{...}, etype] uses element type etype. TabularColumn[{...}, etype, method] uses method to convert elements to etype.
- [TabularColumnQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularColumnQ.en.md): TabularColumnQ[tcol] yields True if tcol is a valid TabularColumn object, and False otherwise. TabularColumnQ[tcol, tsel] yields True if the elements of tcol have type matching tsel, and False otherwise.
- [Tabular](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tabular.en.md): Tabular[data] creates a tabular object from rectangular data representing a list of rows. Tabular[data, {key1, key2, ...}] sets keyi as the name of column i of the tabular object.
- [TabularQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularQ.en.md): TabularQ[tab] gives True if tab is a valid Tabular object and False otherwise.
- [TabularRow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularRow.en.md): TabularRow[data] represents a single row of a Tabular object. TabularRow[data, {key1, key2, ...}] sets keyi as the name of column i of the tabular row object.
- [TabularRowQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularRowQ.en.md): TabularRowQ[tabr] gives True if tabr is a valid TabularRow object and False otherwise.
- [TabularSchema](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularSchema.en.md): TabularSchema[...] represents the schema information associated with a Tabular object. TabularSchema[tab] extracts the schema information for the tabular object tab. TabularSchema[schema,  prop -> val] modifies the existing TabularSchema object schema with the new value val for the property  prop. TabularSchema[schema, <|SubscriptBox[prop, 1] -> val1, ...|>] modifies multiple properties.
- [TabularStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularStructure.en.md): TabularStructure[tab] gives structural information about the Tabular tab for each column. TabularStructure[tab, cols] gives structural information for the columns cols. TabularStructure[tab, cols, props] selects the properties props to report.
- [TabularSummary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabularSummary.en.md): TabularSummary[tab] gives content summary information about the Tabular object tab. TabularSummary[tab, cols] gives summary information for the columns cols. TabularSummary[tab, cols -> props] selects the properties props to report for the columns cols. TabularSummary[tab, {cols1 -> props1, cols2 -> props2, ...}] selects different sets of properties for different sets of columns.
- [TabView](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabView.en.md): TabView[{lbl1 -> expr1, lbl2 -> expr2, ...}] represents an object in which clicking the tab with label lbli displays expri. TabView[{lbl1 -> expr1, lbl2 -> expr2, ...}, i] makes the i^th tab be the one currently selected. TabView[{{v1, lbl1 -> expr1}, {v2, lbl2 -> expr2}, ...}, v] associates values vi with successive tabs, and makes the tab with value v be the one currently selected. TabView[{expr1, expr2, ...}] takes the tab labels to be successive integers.
- [TagBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TagBox.en.md): ... is a low-level box construct that displays as boxes but maintains tag to guide the interpretation of boxes on input.
- [TagBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TagBoxOptions.en.md): TagBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for TagBox objects.
- [TaggedEdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaggedEdgeStyle.en.md): TaggedEdgeStyle is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies what style to use for tagged edges.
- [TaggedNestGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaggedNestGraph.en.md): TaggedNestGraph[f, expr, n] gives the tagged edge graph obtained by starting with expr and applying f successively n times. TaggedNestGraph[f, {expr1, expr2, ...}, n] gives the graph obtained by applying f to expr1, expr2, .... TaggedNestGraph[f, graph, n] gives the graph obtained by applying f to the vertices of graph and extending the graph.
- [TaggingRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaggingRules.en.md): TaggingRules is an option for selections that specifies a list of strings to be associated with a selection.
- [TagSetDelayed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TagSetDelayed.en.md): f /: lhs := rhs assigns rhs to be the delayed value of lhs, and associates the assignment with the symbol f.
- [TagSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TagSet.en.md): f /: lhs = rhs assigns rhs to be the value of lhs, and associates the assignment with the symbol f.
- [TagUnset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TagUnset.en.md): f /: lhs =. removes any rules defined for lhs, associated with the symbol f.
- [TakeDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeDrop.en.md): TakeDrop[list, n] gives the pair {list1, list2}, where list1 contains the first n elements of list and list2 contains the rest. TakeDrop[list, seq] gives the pair {Take[list, seq], Drop[list, seq]}.
- [Take](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Take.en.md): Take[list, n] gives the first n elements of list. Take[list, -n] gives the last n elements of list. Take[list, {m, n}] gives elements m through n of list. Take[list, seq1, seq2, ...] gives a nested list in which elements specified by seqi are taken at level i in list.
- [TakeLargestBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeLargestBy.en.md): TakeLargestBy[data, f, n] gives the n elements ei in data for which f[ei] is largest, sorted in descending order. TakeLargestBy[data -> prop, f, n] gives the property prop for the n elements in data for which f[ei] is largest. TakeLargestBy[data, f, n, p] uses the ordering function p for sorting. TakeLargestBy[f, n] represents an operator form of TakeLargestBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [TakeLargest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeLargest.en.md): TakeLargest[data, n] gives the n largest elements of data, sorted in descending order. TakeLargest[data -> prop, n] gives the property prop for the n largest elements in data. TakeLargest[data, n, p] uses the ordering function p for sorting. TakeLargest[n] represents an operator form of TakeLargest that can be applied to an expression.
- [TakeList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeList.en.md): TakeList[list, {n1, n2, ...}] gives the list of results obtained by successively taking ni elements from list. TakeList[list, {seq1, seq2, ...}] successively uses the sequence specifications seqi. TakeList[list, seqs1, seqs2, ...] gives a nested list in which elements specified by the lists seqsi are taken at level i in list.
- [TakeSmallestBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeSmallestBy.en.md): TakeSmallestBy[data, f, n] gives the n elements ei in data for which f[ei] is smallest, sorted in ascending order. TakeSmallestBy[data -> prop, f, n] gives the property prop for the n elements in data for which f[ei] is smallest. TakeSmallestBy[data, f, n, p] uses the ordering function p for sorting. TakeSmallestBy[f, n] represents an operator form of TakeSmallestBy that can be applied to an expression.
- [TakeSmallest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeSmallest.en.md): TakeSmallest[data, n] gives the n smallest elements of data, sorted in ascending order. TakeSmallest[data -> prop, n] gives the property prop for the n smallest elements in data. TakeSmallest[data, n, p] uses the order function p for sorting. TakeSmallest[n] represents an operator form of TakeSmallest that can be applied to an expression.
- [TakeWhile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeWhile.en.md): TakeWhile[list, crit] gives elements ei from the beginning of list, continuing so long as crit[ei] is True.
- [Tally](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tally.en.md): Tally[list] tallies the elements in list, listing all distinct elements together with their multiplicities. Tally[list, test] uses test to determine whether pairs of elements should be considered equivalent, and gives a list of the first representatives of each equivalence class, together with their multiplicities.
- [TanDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TanDegrees.en.md): TanDegrees[\\[Theta]] gives the tangent of \\[Theta] degrees.
- [Tan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tan.en.md): Tan[z] gives the tangent of z.
- [Tanh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tanh.en.md): Tanh[z] gives the hyperbolic tangent of z.
- [TargetDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TargetDevice.en.md): TargetDevice is an option for certain functions that specifies on which device the computation should be attempted.
- [TargetFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TargetFunctions.en.md): TargetFunctions is an option for functions such as ComplexExpand and FindDistribution that specifies what functions to attempt to generate in the output.
- [TargetStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TargetStructure.en.md): TargetStructure is an option for linear algebra functions that specifies the representation of the result produced by the function.
- [TargetSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TargetSystem.en.md): TargetSystem is an option for FunctionCompile and related functions that specifies machine architectures to be targeted.
- [TargetUnits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TargetUnits.en.md): TargetUnits is an option used to specify the desired output units for visualization functions operating on Quantity expressions.
- [TaskAbort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskAbort.en.md): TaskAbort[task] generates an interrupt to abort the current execution of a task.
- [TaskExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskExecute.en.md): TaskExecute[task] immediately executes an instance of the specified task, independently of any schedule given.
- [TaskObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskObject.en.md): TaskObject[spec] is an object that represents a background task.
- [TaskRemove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskRemove.en.md): TaskRemove[task] terminates and removes the specified task.
- [TaskResume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskResume.en.md): TaskResume[task] resumes execution of the specified task.
- [Tasks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tasks.en.md): Tasks[type] gives a list of TaskObject expressions representing currently submitted tasks of given type.
- [TaskSuspend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskSuspend.en.md): TaskSuspend[task] suspends the execution of the specified task.
- [TaskWait](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TaskWait.en.md): TaskWait[task] waits for the specified task to be completely finished.
- [TautologyQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TautologyQ.en.md): TautologyQ[bf] gives True if all combinations of values of variables make the Boolean function bf yield True. TautologyQ[expr, {a1, a2, ...}] gives True if all combinations of values of the ai make the Boolean expression expr yield True.
- [TelegraphProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TelegraphProcess.en.md): TelegraphProcess[\\[Mu]] represents a telegraph process with rate \\[Mu].
- [TemplateApply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateApply.en.md): TemplateApply[template] applies a template, evaluating all template elements it contains. TemplateApply[template, args] applies a template, using args to fill slots in the template.
- [TemplateBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateBox.en.md): TemplateBox[{box1, box2, ...}, tag] is a low-level box structure that parameterizes the display and evaluation of the boxes boxi. TemplateBox[<|SubscriptBox[key, 1] -> expr1, SubscriptBox[key, 2] -> expr2, ...|>, tag] allows the use of arbitrary expressions that may or may not be boxes.
- [TemplateBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateBoxOptions.en.md): TemplateBoxOptions is an option that specifies settings for TemplateBox objects.
- [TemplateExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateExpression.en.md): TemplateExpression[expr] represents an expression held until a template is applied, and then evaluated.
- [TemplateIf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateIf.en.md): TemplateIf[condition, tclause] represents an element of a template object that inserts tclause if the condition evaluates to True. TemplateIf[condition, tclause, fclause] inserts fclause if the condition does not evaluate to True.
- [TemplateObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateObject.en.md): TemplateObject[expr] represents a template object to be applied using functions like TemplateApply. TemplateObject[form, args] yields a TemplateObject with arguments, suitable for cloud deployment or other evaluation.
- [TemplateSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateSequence.en.md): TemplateSequence[body, list] represents an element of a template object that yields a sequence consisting of body applied to each element in list.
- [TemplateSlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateSlot.en.md): TemplateSlot[n] represents a template slot to be filled from the n^th argument when the template is applied. TemplateSlot[name] represents a template slot to be filled from an element with key name in an association appearing in the first argument.
- [TemplateWith](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemplateWith.en.md): TemplateWith[name -> value, expr] represents an element of a template object that evaluates expr after replacing TemplateSlot[name] with value. TemplateWith[{SubscriptBox[name, 1] -> value1, SubscriptBox[name, 2] -> value2, ...}, expr] evaluates expr with a list of key-value pairs.
- [TemporalData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemporalData.en.md): TemporalData[{v1, v2, ...}, tspec] represents temporal data with values vi at times specified by tspec. TemporalData[{{v11, v12, ...}, {v21, v22, ...}, ...}, tspec] represents a temporal data collection with values vij at times specified by tspec. TemporalData[{{t1, v1}, {t2, v2} ...}] represents temporal data specified by time-value pairs {ti, vi}. TemporalData[{{{t11, v11}, {t12, v12} ...}, {{t21, v21}, {t22, v22}, ...}, ...}] represents a temporal data collection given as lists of ...
- [TemporalRegularity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TemporalRegularity.en.md): TemporalRegularity is an option for TimeSeries, EventSeries and TemporalData that controls whether the paths are assumed to be uniformly spaced in time.
- [Temporary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Temporary.en.md): Temporary is an attribute assigned to symbols which are created as local variables by Module.
- [TensorContract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorContract.en.md): TensorContract[tensor, {{s11, s12}, {s21, s22}, ...}] yields the contraction of tensor in the pairs {s i1, s i2} of slots.
- [TensorDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorDimensions.en.md): TensorDimensions[tensor] gives the list of dimensions of tensor.
- [TensorExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorExpand.en.md): TensorExpand[texpr] expands out tensor-related products in the symbolic tensor expression texpr.
- [TensorProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorProduct.en.md): TensorProduct[tensor1, tensor2, ...] represents the tensor product of the tensori.
- [TensorRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorRank.en.md): TensorRank[tensor] gives the rank of tensor.
- [TensorReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorReduce.en.md): TensorReduce[texpr] attempts to return a canonical form for the symbolic tensor expression texpr.
- [TensorSymmetry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorSymmetry.en.md): TensorSymmetry[tensor] gives the symmetry of tensor under permutations of its slots. TensorSymmetry[tensor, slots] gives the symmetry under permutation of the specified list of slots.
- [TensorTranspose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorTranspose.en.md): TensorTranspose[tensor, perm] represents the tensor obtained by transposing the slots of tensor as given by the permutation perm.
- [TensorWedge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TensorWedge.en.md): TensorWedge[tensor1, tensor2, ...] represents the antisymmetrized tensor product of the tensori.
- [TerminatedEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TerminatedEvaluation.en.md): TerminatedEvaluation[reason] represents an expression whose evaluation overran global kernel session limits and was terminated.
- [TernaryListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TernaryListPlot.en.md): TernaryListPlot[{{u1, v1, w1}, ..., {un, vn, wn}}] plots a list of points with specified u, v and w coordinates in a barycentric coordinate system. TernaryListPlot[{data1, data2, ...}] plots a ternary plot with several datasets datai.
- [TernaryPlotCorners](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TernaryPlotCorners.en.md): TernaryPlotCorners is an option for TernaryListPlot that determines how the triangle and axes are positioned.
- [TestCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestCreate.en.md): TestCreate[input] create a TestObject to determine whether input evaluates to True. TestCreate[input, expected] create a TestObject to determine whether input evaluates to expected. TestCreate[input, expected, messages] create a TestObject that is expected to generate the list of message names messages.
- [TestEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestEvaluate.en.md): TestEvaluate[test] runs a TestObject. TestEvaluate[assoc] runs a test specified by assoc. TestEvaluate[{test 1, test2, ...}] runs the list of tests testi.
- [TestEvaluationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestEvaluationFunction.en.md): TestEvaluationFunction is an option to TestReport that specifies which function to use when evaluating tests.
- [TestID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestID.en.md): TestID is an option to TestCreate, VerificationTest and IntermediateTest that specifies a string used as an identifier for the test.
- [TestObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestObject.en.md): TestObject[...] gives an object that represents the results of a TestCreate.
- [TestReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestReport.en.md): TestReport[file] gives a report of the results of the tests from a file. TestReport[{test1, test2, ...}] gives a report of the results of the testi. TestReport[{report1, report2, ...}] gives a unified report by merging all test reports reporti.
- [TestReportObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestReportObject.en.md): TestReportObject[...] gives an object that represents the results of TestReport.
- [TestResultObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TestResultObject.en.md): TestResultObject is being phased out in favor of TestObject, which was introduced in Version 13.3.
- [Tetrahedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tetrahedron.en.md): Tetrahedron[] represents a regular tetrahedron centered at the origin with unit edge length. Tetrahedron[l] represents a tetrahedron with edge length l. Tetrahedron[{\\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] represents a tetrahedron rotated by an angle \\[Theta] with respect to the z axis and angle \\[Phi] with respect to the y axis. Tetrahedron[{x, y, z}, ...] represents a tetrahedron centered at {x, y, z}. Tetrahedron[{p1, p2, p3, p4}] represents a general filled tetrahedron with corners p1, p2, p3 and p4. ...
- [TeXForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TeXForm.en.md): TeXForm[expr] prints as a TeX version of expr.
- [TeXSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TeXSave.en.md): TeXSave is superseded by Export[..., TeX] in Version 6.
- [TextAlignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextAlignment.en.md): TextAlignment is an option for Cell, Style and related constructs which specifies how successive lines of text should be aligned.
- [TextCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextCases.en.md): TextCases[text, form] gives a list of all cases of text identified as being of type form that appear in text. TextCases[text, {form1, form2, ...}] gives an association of results for all the types formi. TextCases[text, formspec -> prop] gives the specified property for each result found. TextCases[text, formspec -> {prop1, prop2, ...}] gives a list of properties for each result found. TextCases[text, spec, n] gives the first n cases found.
- [TextCell                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ],  has the following solutions: , ExpressionCell[](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextCell.en.md): TextCell[string] gives a text cell that can appear in a Wolfram System notebook. TextCell[string,  style] gives a text cell with the specified style. TextCell[string, SubscriptBox[style, 1], SubscriptBox[style, 2], ...] gives a text cell with multiple styles applied to it.          ```
- [TextClipboardType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextClipboardType.en.md): TextClipboardType is an option for cells that specifies how Edit \\[FilledRightTriangle] Copy treats a cell when converting it for the system's textual clipboard.
- [TextContents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextContents.en.md): TextContents[text] gives a dataset of information about entities, dates, quantities and other content-related elements found in text. TextContents[text, form] searches for cases of the type form. TextContents[text, {form1, form2, ...}] searches for cases of types form1, form2, ... TextContents[text, forms, props] includes the property props for each object in the dataset produced.
- [TextData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextData.en.md): TextData[exprs] is a low-level representation of the contents of a textual cell.
- [TextElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextElement.en.md): TextElement[text, props] represents an element of text with the specified properties. TextElement[{elem1, elem2, ...}, props] represents text formed from a sequence of elements. TextElement[elems] represents text where no properties are specified.
- [Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Text.en.md): Text[expr] displays with expr in plain text format. Text[expr, coords] is a graphics primitive that displays the textual form of expr centered at the point specified by coords.
- [TextGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextGrid.en.md): TextGrid[{{expr11, expr12, ...}, {expr21, expr22, ...}, ...}] is an object that formats exprij textually and arranged in a two-dimensional grid.
- [TextJustification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextJustification.en.md): TextJustification is an option for Cell and Inset which specifies how much lines of text can be stretched in order to make them be the same length.
- [TextPacket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextPacket.en.md): TextPacket[string] is a WSTP packet containing string, the text output from the Wolfram System as produced by functions such as Print.
- [TextPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextPosition.en.md): TextPosition[text, form] gives a list of the starting and ending positions at which instances of form occur in text. TextPosition[text, {form1, form2, ...}] gives an association of results for all the types formi. TextPosition[text, formspec, n] gives the positions of the first n cases found.
- [TextRecognize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextRecognize.en.md): TextRecognize[image] recognizes text in image and returns it as a string. TextRecognize[image, level] returns a list of strings at the specified structural level. TextRecognize[image, level, prop] returns prop for text at the given level. TextRecognize[video, ...] recognizes text in frames of video.
- [TextSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextSearch.en.md): TextSearch[source, form] searches for files referenced by source that contain text matching form. TextSearch[source, form,  prop] returns the property prop for each result.
- [TextSearchReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextSearchReport.en.md): TextSearchReport[source, form] gives a structured report of files referenced by source that contain text matching form.
- [TextSentences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextSentences.en.md): TextSentences[string] gives a list of the runs of characters identified as sentences in string. TextSentences[string, n] gives the first n sentences in string.
- [TextString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextString.en.md): TextString[expr] gives a human-readable string representation of expr.
- [TextStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextStructure.en.md): TextStructure[text] generates a nested collection of TextElement objects representing the grammatical structure of natural language text. TextStructure[text, form] generates a representation of the type specified by form of the grammatical structure of text.
- [TextStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextStyle.en.md): As of Version 6.0, TextStyle has been superseded by BaseStyle, LabelStyle and other options.
- [TextSummarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextSummarize.en.md): TextSummarize[text] generates a summary of text. TextSummarize[text, spec] summarizes the text according to the specification spec. TextSummarize[text -> topic, spec] summarizes the part of text matching topic.
- [TextTranslation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextTranslation.en.md): TextTranslation[text] translates text into the current default language. TextTranslation[text, lang] translates text into the language specified by lang. TextTranslation[text, lang1 -> lang2] translates text from language lang1 to lang2.
- [TextureCoordinateFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextureCoordinateFunction.en.md): TextureCoordinateFunction is an option to Plot3D and similar functions that specifies a function that computes texture coordinates.
- [TextureCoordinateScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextureCoordinateScaling.en.md): TextureCoordinateScaling is an option to Plot3D and similar functions that specifies whether arguments supplied to a texture coordinate function should be scaled to lie between 0 and 1.
- [Texture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Texture.en.md): Texture[obj] is a graphics directive that specifies that obj should be used as a texture on faces of polygons and other filled graphics objects. Texture[obj, map] specifies the projection mapping map to assign to vertices of 3D graphics objects.
- [TextureMapping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextureMapping.en.md): TextureMapping is an option for graphics primitives that specifies the texture mapping to use.
- [TextWords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TextWords.en.md): TextWords[string] gives a list of the runs of characters identified as words in string. TextWords[string, n] gives the first n words in string.
- [ThemeColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThemeColor.en.md): ThemeColor[name] represents a named color setting that is resolved according to the current notebook theme.
- [Therefore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Therefore.en.md): Therefore[x, y] displays as x \\[Therefore] y.
- [ThermodynamicData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThermodynamicData.en.md): ThermodynamicData[name,  property] gives the value of the specific property for the substance  name. ThermodynamicData[name,  property, {parameter1 -> quantity1, parameter2 -> quantity}] gives the value of the specific property for the substance  name at the specified parameters.
- [ThermometerGauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThermometerGauge.en.md): ThermometerGauge[value] draws a thermometer showing value in a range of 0 to 1. ThermometerGauge[value, {min, max}] draws a thermometer showing value in a range of min to max. ThermometerGauge[Dynamic[value], ...] allows value to be set interactively using the thermometer.
- [Thick](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thick.en.md): Thick is a graphics directive that specifies that lines which follow should be drawn thick.
- [Thickness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thickness.en.md): Thickness[r] is a graphics directive which specifies that lines which follow are to be drawn with thickness r. The thickness r is given as a fraction of the horizontal plot range.
- [Thin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thin.en.md): Thin is a graphics directive that specifies that lines which follow should be drawn thin.
- [Thinning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thinning.en.md): Thinning[image] finds the skeletons of foreground regions in image by applying morphological thinning until convergence. Thinning[image, n] performs n iterations of morphological thinning. Thinning[image, n, t] treats values above t as foreground.
- [ThomasPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThomasPointProcess.en.md): ThomasPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], \\[Sigma], d] represents a Thomas cluster point process with density \\[Mu], cluster mean \\[Lambda] and scale parameter \\[Sigma] in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [ThompsonGroupTh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThompsonGroupTh.en.md): ThompsonGroupTh[] represents the sporadic simple Thompson group Th.
- [Threaded](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Threaded.en.md): Threaded[list] is an object whose elements will automatically be threaded into the lowest level of an array when used in a listable operation such as Plus. a + Threaded[b] adds elements of an array b to elements of an array a at the lowest possible level. a + Threaded[b, alev] adds elements at level alev of a. a + Threaded[b, blev -> alev] adds elements at level alev in a to level blev in b. f[a, Threaded[b, ...]] combines elements for a function f with the attribute Listable.
- [Thread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thread.en.md): Thread[f[args]] threads f over any lists that appear in args. Thread[f[args], h] threads f over any objects with head h that appear in args. Thread[f[args], h, n] threads f over objects with head h that appear in the first n args.
- [ThreadingLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThreadingLayer.en.md): ThreadingLayer[f] represents a net layer that takes several input arrays and applies a function f to corresponding array elements. ThreadingLayer[f, bspec] allows array shapes to be conformed according to broadcasting specification bspec.
- [ThreeJSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThreeJSymbol.en.md): ThreeJSymbol[{j1, m1}, {j2, m2}, {j3, m3}] gives the values of the Wigner 3-j symbol.
- [Threshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Threshold.en.md): Threshold[data] thresholds data by replacing values close to zero by zero. Threshold[data, tspec] thresholds data using threshold specification tspec. Threshold[image, ...] replaces small values of image by zero. Threshold[sound, ...] replaces small values of sound by zero.
- [Through](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Through.en.md): Through[p[f, g, ...][x, y, ...]] gives p[f[x, y, ...], g[x, y, ...], ...]. Through[expr, h] performs the transformation wherever h occurs in the head of expr.
- [Throw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Throw.en.md): Throw[value] stops evaluation and returns value as the value of the nearest enclosing Catch. Throw[value, tag] is caught only by Catch[expr, form], where tag matches form. Throw[value, tag, f] returns f[value, tag] as the top-level value if no appropriate Catch is found.
- [ThrowException](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThrowException.en.md): ThrowException[spec] creates and throws an Exception object from spec. ThrowException[spec, payload] creates and throws an Exception object from spec, with exception payload payload.
- [ThueMorse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ThueMorse.en.md): ThueMorse[n] gives the n^th term in the Thue-Morse sequence.
- [Thumbnail](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thumbnail.en.md): Thumbnail[image] gives a thumbnail version of an image. Thumbnail[file] gives a thumbnail of an image stored in a file. Thumbnail[url] gives a thumbnail of an image stored at a URL. Thumbnail[spec, size] gives a thumbnail with the specified maximum pixel size.
- [Thursday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thursday.en.md): Thursday is a day of the week.
- [TickDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TickDirection.en.md): TickDirection is an option for AxisObject that specifies where the ticks are drawn relative to the axis.
- [TickLabelOrientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TickLabelOrientation.en.md): TickLabelOrientation is an option for AxisObject that specifies how the tick labels should be oriented relative to the axis.
- [TickLabelPositioning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TickLabelPositioning.en.md): TickLabelPositioning is an option for AxisObject that specifies how the tick labels should be positioned relative to the ticks.
- [TickLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TickLabels.en.md): TickLabels is an option for AxisObject that specifies how the tick marks should be labeled.
- [TickLengths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TickLengths.en.md): TickLengths is an option for AxisObject that specifies the lengths of the tick marks.
- [TickPositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TickPositions.en.md): TickPositions is an option for AxisObject that specifies where the tick marks should be positioned.
- [Ticks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ticks.en.md): Ticks is an option for graphics functions that specifies tick marks for axes.
- [TicksStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TicksStyle.en.md): TicksStyle is an option for graphics functions which specifies how ticks should be rendered.
- [TideData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TideData.en.md): TideData[spec] returns the tidal properties for a location or a set of tidal parameters. TideData[spec, prop] returns the specified property for the location or tidal parameters indicated. TideData[spec, prop, datespec] returns the value of a specified property for a date or set of dates.
- [Tilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tilde.en.md): Tilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[Tilde] y \\[Tilde] ....
- [TildeEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TildeEqual.en.md): TildeEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[TildeEqual] y \\[TildeEqual] ....
- [TildeFullEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TildeFullEqual.en.md): TildeFullEqual[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[TildeFullEqual] y \\[TildeFullEqual] ....
- [TildeTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TildeTilde.en.md): TildeTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[TildeTilde] y \\[TildeTilde] ....
- [TimeConstrained](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeConstrained.en.md): TimeConstrained[expr, t] evaluates expr, stopping after t seconds. TimeConstrained[expr, t, failexpr] returns failexpr if the time constraint is not met.
- [TimeConstraint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeConstraint.en.md): TimeConstraint is an option for various functions that specifies the maximum time to spend doing a particular operation.
- [TimeDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeDirection.en.md): TimeDirection is an option for Sunrise, Sunset, and related functions that specifies whether the next or last event should be returned.
- [TimeDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeDistribution.en.md): TimeDistribution[dist, tunit] represents a linear distribution of time of day according to dist with time scale unit tunit originating at midnight. TimeDistribution[dist, tunit, torig] represents a linear distribution of time of day with time origin at torig.
- [TimeFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeFormat.en.md): TimeFormat is an option that determines the time formatting that is used when formatting a TimeObject using TextString.
- [TimeGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeGoal.en.md): TimeGoal is an option for various functions that specifies how long to spend doing a particular operation.
- [TimelinePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimelinePlot.en.md): TimelinePlot[{date1, date2, ...}] makes a timeline plot with dates date1, date2, .... TimelinePlot[{event1, event2, ...}] makes a timeline plot with events event1, event2, .... TimelinePlot[{data1, data2, ...}] makes a timeline plot from multiple event datasets datai.
- [TimeObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeObject.en.md): TimeObject[] represents the current time. TimeObject[{h, m, s}] represents a time object of standard normalized form. TimeObject[date] gives the time component of the specified date representation. TimeObject[rtime, gran] gives the time object of granularity gran that includes the reference time rtime.
- [TimeObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeObjectQ.en.md): TimeObjectQ[expr] gives True if expr is a TimeObject with valid arguments, and False otherwise.
- [TimeObservationWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeObservationWindow.en.md): TimeObservationWindow is an option of EventSeries and TimeSeries that specifies the temporal observation region.
- [TimeRemaining](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeRemaining.en.md): TimeRemaining[] gives the number of seconds remaining until the earliest enclosing TimeConstrained will request the current computation to stop.
- [TimesBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimesBy.en.md): x *= c multiplies x by c and returns the new value of x.
- [Times](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Times.en.md): x*y*z, x*y*z, or x y z represents a product of terms.
- [TimeSeriesAggregate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesAggregate.en.md): TimeSeriesAggregate[tes, dt] computes the mean value of time or event series tes over non-overlapping windows of width dt. TimeSeriesAggregate[tes, dt, f] applies the function f to the values of tes in non-overlapping windows of width dt. TimeSeriesAggregate[tes, dt, {ncom1 -> f1, ncom2 -> f2, ...}] constructs a new series with components ncomi for functions fi.
- [TimeSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeries.en.md): TimeSeries[{{t1, v1}, {t2, v2}, ..., {tn, vn}}] represents a time series specified by time-value pairs {ti, vi}. TimeSeries[tvspec] uses the time-value specification tvspec. TimeSeries[vspec, tspec] represents a time series with values given by vspec at times specified by tspec. TimeSeries[vspec, tspec, {com1, com2, ...}] specifies the unique time series component keys com1, com2, ....
- [TimeSeriesEvents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesEvents.en.md): TimeSeriesEvents[tser, crit] finds the events for which the criterion crit is satisfied for the values in the time series tser. TimeSeriesEvents[tser, crit, fun] finds the events that satisfy the criterion crit for function fun applied to the time series values. TimeSeriesEvents[tser, crit, fun, cond] only keeps the events where the condition cond is true.
- [TimeSeriesForecast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesForecast.en.md): TimeSeriesForecast[tproc, data, k] gives the k-step-ahead forecast beyond data according to the time series process tproc. TimeSeriesForecast[tsmod, k] gives the k-step-ahead forecast for TimeSeriesModel tsmod.
- [TimeSeriesInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesInsert.en.md): TimeSeriesInsert[tes, {t, val}] inserts a value val at time t in the time or event series data tes. TimeSeriesInsert[tes1, tes2] inserts the time-value pairs from tes2 into tes1.
- [TimeSeriesInvertibility](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesInvertibility.en.md): TimeSeriesInvertibility[tproc] gives conditions for the time series process tproc to be invertible.
- [TimeSeriesMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesMap.en.md): TimeSeriesMap[f, tes] creates a new time series with time-value pairs {t, f[x]} for each pair {t, x} of the time or event series data tes. TimeSeriesMap[{ncom1 -> f1, ncom2 -> f2, ...}, tes] constructs a new time series with the same timestamps and components ncomi, each obtained by applying the function fi to the values of tes.
- [TimeSeriesMapThread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesMapThread.en.md): TimeSeriesMapThread[f, tes] creates a new time series with time-value pairs {t, f[t, x]} for each pair {t, x} of the time or event series data tes. TimeSeriesMapThread[f, tes, {{a1, a2, ...}, {b1, b2, ...}, ...}] gives {{t1, f[t1, x1, a1, b1, ...]}, {t2, f[t2, x2, a2, b2, ...]}, ...} for tes.
- [TimeSeriesModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesModel.en.md): TimeSeriesModel[...] represents the symbolic time series model obtained from TimeSeriesModelFit.
- [TimeSeriesModelFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesModelFit.en.md): TimeSeriesModelFit[data] constructs a time series model for data from an automatically selected model family. TimeSeriesModelFit[data, mspec] constructs a time series model for data from a model family specified by mspec.
- [TimeSeriesQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesQ.en.md): TimeSeriesQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid TimeSeries object, and False otherwise.
- [TimeSeriesResample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesResample.en.md): TimeSeriesResample[tseries] uniformly resamples the time series tseries according to its minimum time increment. TimeSeriesResample[tseries, rspec] resamples tseries according to the resampling specification rspec.
- [TimeSeriesRescale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesRescale.en.md): TimeSeriesRescale[tes, {tmin, tmax}] rescales the times in time or event series data tes to run from tmin to tmax. TimeSeriesRescale[tes, {tmin, tmax, tu}] rescales times in units of tu including Month, Quarter or Year.
- [TimeSeriesShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesShift.en.md): TimeSeriesShift[tes, \\[Delta]] shifts the timestamps by \\[Delta] in the time or events series tes.
- [TimeSeriesStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesStructure.en.md): TimeSeriesStructure[tes] gives structural information about the timestamps and each value component for the time or event series tes. TimeSeriesStructure[tes, comps] gives structural information for the components comps. TimeSeriesStructure[tes, comps, props] selects the properties props to report.
- [TimeSeriesSummary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesSummary.en.md): TimeSeriesSummary[tes] gives content summary information about the time or event series tes. TimeSeriesSummary[tes, coms] gives summary information for the value components coms. TimeSeriesSummary[tes, coms -> props] selects the properties props to report for the components coms. TimeSeriesSummary[tes, {coms1 -> props1, coms2 -> props2, ...}] selects different sets of properties for different sets of components.
- [TimeSeriesThread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesThread.en.md): TimeSeriesThread[f, {tes1, tes2, ...}] combines the time or event series data tesi using the function f.
- [TimeSeriesWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSeriesWindow.en.md): TimeSeriesWindow[tes, {tmin, tmax}] gives the elements of the time or event series data tes that falls between tmin and tmax. TimeSeriesWindow[tes, winspec] gives the elements of tes that satisfy the window specification winspec.
- [TimeSystemConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSystemConvert.en.md): TimeSystemConvert[date, tsys] converts the date object date to the specified time system tsys. TimeSystemConvert[date] converts to the default time system. TimeSystemConvert[{date1, ..., daten}, tsys] converts date1 through daten to the specified time system.
- [TimeSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeSystem.en.md): TimeSystem is an option for time functions that specifies the time system being used to define time.
- [TimeUsed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeUsed.en.md): TimeUsed[] gives the total number of seconds of CPU time used so far in the current Wolfram System session.
- [TimeValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeValue.en.md): TimeValue[s, i, t] calculates the time value of a security s at time t for an interest specified by i.
- [TimeWarpingCorrespondence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeWarpingCorrespondence.en.md): Since Version 11.0 (released in 2016), TimeWarpingCorrespondence has been superseded by WarpingCorrespondence.
- [TimeWarpingDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeWarpingDistance.en.md): Since Version 11.0 (released in 2016), TimeWarpingDistance has been superseded by WarpingDistance.
- [TimeZoneConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeZoneConvert.en.md): TimeZoneConvert[time, timezone] converts the date or time object time to the specified time zone timezone. TimeZoneConvert[time] converts to the current $TimeZone value. TimeZoneConvert[{time1, ..., timen}, timezone] converts time1 through timen to the specified timezone.
- [TimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeZone.en.md): TimeZone is an option for DateObject, DateString, and related functions that specifies the time zone to use for dates and times.
- [TimeZoneOffset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TimeZoneOffset.en.md): TimeZoneOffset[tz] gives the numeric offset between the time zone tz and GMT on the current date. TimeZoneOffset[loc] gives the numeric offset between the time zone for the location loc and GMT. TimeZoneOffset[tz, base] gives the numeric offset between tz and the specified base time zone. TimeZoneOffset[tz, date] gets a list of possible time zone offsets for tz at the given date list. TimeZoneOffset[tz, base, date] gives the numeric offset between tz and base on the specified date.
- [Timing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Timing.en.md): Timing[expr] evaluates expr, and returns a list of the time in seconds used, together with the result obtained.
- [Tiny](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tiny.en.md): Tiny is a style or option setting that specifies that objects should be tiny.
- [TitsGroupT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TitsGroupT.en.md): TitsGroupT[] represents the simple Tits group T.
- [ToASCII](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToASCII.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), ToASCII has been superseded by ToCharacterCode.
- [ToBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToBoxes.en.md): ToBoxes[expr] generates boxes corresponding to the printed form of expr in StandardForm. ToBoxes[expr, form] gives the boxes corresponding to output in the specified form.
- [ToCharacterCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToCharacterCode.en.md): ToCharacterCode[string] gives a list of the integer codes corresponding to the characters in a string. ToCharacterCode[string,  encoding] gives integer codes according to the specified encoding.
- [ToContinuousTimeModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToContinuousTimeModel.en.md): ToContinuousTimeModel[lsys] gives the continuous-time approximation of the discrete-time systems models lsys. ToContinuousTimeModel[tfm, s] specifies the transform variable s.
- [ToDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToDate.en.md): ToDate has been superseded by functionality in DateList since Version 6.0.
- [Today](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Today.en.md): Today gives a DateObject representing the current day.
- [ToDiscreteTimeModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToDiscreteTimeModel.en.md): ToDiscreteTimeModel[lsys, \\[Tau]] gives the discrete-time approximation, with sampling period \\[Tau], of the continuous-time systems models lsys. ToDiscreteTimeModel[tfm, \\[Tau], z] specifies the transform variable z.
- [ToEntity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToEntity.en.md): ToEntity[expr] returns an entity object corresponding to the given expression. ToEntity[expr, type] returns an entity object of the specified type corresponding to expr.
- [ToeplitzMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToeplitzMatrix.en.md): ToeplitzMatrix[n] gives the n*n Toeplitz matrix with first row and first column being successive integers. ToeplitzMatrix[{c1, c2, ..., cn}] gives the Toeplitz matrix whose first column consists of entries c1, c2, .... ToeplitzMatrix[{c1, c2, ..., cm}, {r1, r2, ..., rn}] gives the Toeplitz matrix with entries ci down the first column, and ri across the first row.
- [ToExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToExpression.en.md): ToExpression[input] gives the expression obtained by interpreting strings or boxes as Wolfram Language input. ToExpression[input, form] uses interpretation rules corresponding to the specified form. ToExpression[input, form, h] wraps the head h around the expression produced before evaluating it.
- [ToFileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToFileName.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ToFileName has been superseded by FileNameJoin.
- [ToFiniteField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToFiniteField.en.md): ToFiniteField[k, ff] converts the integer k to an element of the prime subfield of the finite field ff. ToFiniteField[expr, ff] converts the coefficients of the rational expression expr to elements of the finite field ff. ToFiniteField[expr, ff, t] converts the coefficients of the rational expression expr to elements of the finite field ff, with t representing the field generator.
- [Together](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Together.en.md): Together[expr] puts terms in a sum over a common denominator, and cancels factors in the result.
- [TogglerBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TogglerBar.en.md): TogglerBar[x, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a toggler bar with setting x and with toggler buttons for values vali to include in the list x. TogglerBar[Dynamic[x], {val1, val2, ...}] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the values in the list x being reset every time a toggler button is clicked. TogglerBar[x, {val1 -> lbl1, val2 -> lbl2, ...}] represents a toggler bar in which the toggler button associated with value vali has label lbli.
- [TogglerBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TogglerBox.en.md): TogglerBox[x, {val1 -> pict1, val2 -> pict2, ...}] represents a toggler button that cycles through values vali, displaying them as picti. TogglerBox[x, vlist, dpict] displays as dpict if x is none of the vali.
- [TogglerBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TogglerBoxOptions.en.md): TogglerBoxOptions -> {opt1 -> val1, opt2 -> val2, ...} is an option that specifies settings for TogglerBox objects.
- [Toggler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Toggler.en.md): Toggler[x] represents a toggler button with setting x, that toggles between True and False. Toggler[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value of x, with the value of x being toggled if the button is clicked. Toggler[x, {val1, val2, ...}] represents a toggler button that cycles through any sequence of values vali. Toggler[x, {val1 -> pict1, val2 -> pict2, ...}] cycles through values vali, displaying them as picti. Toggler[x, vlist, dpict] displays as dpict ...
- [ToHeldExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToHeldExpression.en.md): Since Version 3.0 (released in 1996), ToHeldExpression has been superseded by ToExpression.
- [ToInvertibleTimeSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToInvertibleTimeSeries.en.md): ToInvertibleTimeSeries[tproc] returns an invertible version of a time series process tproc.
- [TokenWords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TokenWords.en.md): TokenWords is an option for Read and related functions which gives a list of token words to be used to delimit words.
- [Tolerance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tolerance.en.md): Tolerance is an option for various numerical options which specifies the tolerance that should be allowed in computing results.
- [ToLowerCase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToLowerCase.en.md): ToLowerCase[string] yields a string in which all letters have been converted to lowercase.
- [ToMemory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToMemory.en.md): ToMemory[obj] returns an in-memory version of the out-of-core object obj.
- [Tomorrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tomorrow.en.md): Tomorrow gives a DateObject representing the following day.
- [ToNumberField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToNumberField.en.md): ToNumberField[a, \\[Theta]] expresses the algebraic number a in the number field generated by \\[Theta]. ToNumberField[{a1, a2, ...}, \\[Theta]] expresses the ai in the field generated by \\[Theta]. ToNumberField[{a1, a2, ...}] expresses the ai in a common extension field generated by a single algebraic number.
- [TooltipDelay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TooltipDelay.en.md): TooltipDelay is an option for objects such as Tooltip that specifies how long to delay after the mouse is over the object before displaying the tooltip.
- [Tooltip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tooltip.en.md): Tooltip[expr, label] displays label as a tooltip while the mouse pointer is in the area where expr is displayed.
- [TooltipStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TooltipStyle.en.md): TooltipStyle is an option for tooltips that specifies the style to use in displaying their elements.
- [ToonShading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToonShading.en.md): ToonShading[] is a three-dimensional graphics directive specifying that surfaces that follow are to be drawn to emulate two-dimensional flat objects. ToonShading[col] uses the color col as base color. ToonShading[{dcol, bcol, hcol}] uses the dark color dcol, the base color bcol and highlight color hcol. ToonShading[{w1, w2, w3} -> {dcol, bcol, hcol}] uses the colors dcol, bcol and hcol weighted by the wi. ToonShading[scheme] uses the specified discrete color scheme in ColorData.
- [Top](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Top.en.md): Top is a symbol that represents the top for purposes of alignment and positioning.
- [TopHatTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TopHatTransform.en.md): TopHatTransform[image, ker] gives the morphological top-hat transform of image with respect to structuring element ker. TopHatTransform[image, r] gives the top-hat transform with respect to a range-r square. TopHatTransform[data, ...] applies top-hat transform to an array of data.
- [ToPolarCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToPolarCoordinates.en.md): ToPolarCoordinates[{x, y}] gives the {r, \\[Theta]} polar coordinates corresponding to the Cartesian coordinates {x, y}. ToPolarCoordinates[{x1, x2, ..., xn}] gives the hyperspherical coordinates corresponding to the Cartesian coordinates {x1, x2, ..., xn}.
- [TopologicalSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TopologicalSort.en.md): TopologicalSort[g] gives a list of vertices of g in topologically sorted order for a directed acyclic graph g. TopologicalSort[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [ToRadicals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToRadicals.en.md): ToRadicals[expr] attempts to express all Root objects in expr in terms of radicals.
- [ToRawPointer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToRawPointer.en.md): ToRawPointer[] creates a new pointer object in compiled code, suitable for use with external libraries. ToRawPointer[val] creates a new object pointing to the initial value val. ToRawPointer[p, val] stores val in the pointer p. ToRawPointer[array, offset, val] stores val in the CArray array at the given offset.
- [ToRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToRules.en.md): ToRules[eqns] takes logical combinations of equations, in the form generated by Roots and Reduce, and converts them to lists of rules, of the form produced by Solve.
- [Torus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Torus.en.md): Torus[{x, y, z}, {rinner, router}] represents a torus centered at {x, y, z} with inner radius rinner and outer radius router.
- [TorusGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TorusGraph.en.md): TorusGraph[{n1, n2, ..., nk}] gives the k-dimensional torus graph with n1*n2*...*nk vertices.
- [ToSphericalCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToSphericalCoordinates.en.md): ToSphericalCoordinates[{x, y, z}] gives the {r, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]} spherical coordinates corresponding to the Cartesian coordinates {x, y, z}.
- [ToString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToString.en.md): ToString[expr] gives a string corresponding to the printed form of expr in OutputForm. ToString[expr, form] gives the string corresponding to output in the specified form.
- [ToTabular](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToTabular.en.md): ToTabular[data] converts data to a Tabular object. ToTabular[data, form] converts from data with structure specified by form. ToTabular[data, form, assoc] uses directives from the association assoc to give details of the conversion.
- [Total](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Total.en.md): Total[list] gives the total of the elements in list. Total[list, n] totals all elements down to level n. Total[list, {n}] totals elements at level n. Total[list, {n1, n2}] totals elements at levels n1 through n2.
- [TotalLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TotalLayer.en.md): TotalLayer[] represents a net layer taking a list of input arrays and performing elementwise addition on them.
- [TotalVariationFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TotalVariationFilter.en.md): TotalVariationFilter[data] iteratively reduces noise while preserving rapid transitions in data. TotalVariationFilter[data, param] assumes a regularization parameter value param.
- [TotalWidth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TotalWidth.en.md): TotalWidth is an option that can be set for output streams to specify the maximum total number of characters of text that should be printed for each output expression. Short forms of expressions are given if the number of characters needed to print the whole expression is too large.
- [TouchPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TouchPosition.en.md): TouchPosition[] gives the list of current positions being touched in the notebook front end. TouchPosition[coords] gives the touch positions with respect to the specified coordinate system. TouchPosition[coords, n] gives the position of the n^th position being touched in an object in the specified coordinate system. TouchPosition[coords, n, def] returns def if there are not n positions being touched.
- [TouchscreenAutoZoom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TouchscreenAutoZoom.en.md): TouchscreenAutoZoom is an option for Manipulate and Graphics3D that determines whether the interface zooms to full-screen when it is activated by touching it on supported touch screen platforms.
- [TouchscreenControlPlacement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TouchscreenControlPlacement.en.md): TouchscreenControlPlacement is an option for Manipulate that determines the placement of the slide-out control panel on supported touchscreen platforms.
- [ToUpperCase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ToUpperCase.en.md): ToUpperCase[string] yields a string in which all letters have been converted to uppercase.
- [Tour3DVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tour3DVideo.en.md): Tour3DVideo[g] generates a video giving a standard tour around a 3D object g. Tour3DVideo[g, tour] generates the named video tour. Tour3DVideo[g, steps] generates a video tour from steps.
- [TourVideo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TourVideo.en.md): TourVideo[input, {step1, step2, ...}] generates a video by taking a tour at steps stepi around graphics. TourVideo[input, {{t1, step1}, {t2, step2}, ...}] takes a tour with steps stepi at times ti around graphics. TourVideo[input, func] samples the function func to generate step specifications for each frame.
- [TraceAbove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceAbove.en.md): TraceAbove is an option for Trace and related functions which specifies whether to include evaluation chains which contain the evaluation chain containing the pattern form sought.
- [TraceBackward](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceBackward.en.md): TraceBackward is an option for Trace and related functions that specifies whether to include preceding expressions on the evaluation chain that contains the pattern form sought.
- [TraceDepth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceDepth.en.md): TraceDepth is an option for Trace and related functions which specifies the maximum nesting of evaluation chains that are to be included.
- [TraceDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceDialog.en.md): TraceDialog[expr] initiates a dialog for every expression used in the evaluation of expr. TraceDialog[expr, form] initiates a dialog only for expressions which match form. TraceDialog[expr, s] initiates dialogs only for expressions whose evaluations use transformation rules associated with the symbol s.
- [Trace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Trace.en.md): Trace[expr] generates a list of all expressions used in the evaluation of expr. Trace[expr, form] includes only those expressions that match form. Trace[expr, s] includes all evaluations that use transformation rules associated with the symbol s.
- [TraceForward](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceForward.en.md): TraceForward is an option for Trace and related functions which specifies whether to include later expressions on the evaluation chain that contains the pattern form sought.
- [TraceOff](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceOff.en.md): TraceOff is an option for Trace and related functions which specifies forms inside which tracing should be switched off.
- [TraceOn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceOn.en.md): TraceOn is an option for Trace and related functions that specifies when tracing should be switched on.
- [TraceOriginal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceOriginal.en.md): TraceOriginal is an option for Trace that specifies whether to test the form of each expression before its head and arguments are evaluated.
- [TracePrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TracePrint.en.md): TracePrint[expr] prints all expressions used in the evaluation of expr. TracePrint[expr, form] includes only those expressions which match form. TracePrint[expr, s] includes all evaluations which use transformation rules associated with the symbol s.
- [TraceScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraceScan.en.md): TraceScan[f, expr] applies f to all expressions used in the evaluation of expr. TraceScan[f, expr, form] includes only those expressions which match form. TraceScan[f, expr, s] includes all evaluations which use transformation rules associated with the symbol s. TraceScan[f, expr, form, fp] applies f before evaluation and fp after evaluation to expressions used in the evaluation of expr.
- [TrackCellChangeTimes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrackCellChangeTimes.en.md): TrackCellChangeTimes is an option to Cell that specifies whether to track when changes were made to the cell.
- [TrackedSymbols](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrackedSymbols.en.md): TrackedSymbols is an option to Refresh, Manipulate, and related functions that specifies which symbols should trigger updates when their values are changed.
- [TrackingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrackingFunction.en.md): TrackingFunction is an option for Manipulate controls that specifies functions to use during interactive changing or editing.
- [TracyWidomDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TracyWidomDistribution.en.md): TracyWidomDistribution[\\[Beta]] represents a Tracy-Widom distribution with Dyson index \\[Beta].
- [TradingChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TradingChart.en.md): TradingChart[{{date1, {open1, high1, low1, close1, volume1}}, ...}] makes a chart showing prices and volume for each date. TradingChart[{ name, daterange}] makes a financial chart for the financial entity  name over the daterange. TradingChart[{...}, {ind1, ind2, ...}] makes a financial chart with indicators ind1, ind2, ....
- [TraditionalForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraditionalForm.en.md): TraditionalForm[expr] prints as an approximation to the traditional mathematical notation for expr.
- [TraditionalFunctionNotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraditionalFunctionNotation.en.md): TraditionalFunctionNotation is an option for selections that specifies whether input of the form f(x) is interpreted by the kernel as a function or as a product.
- [TrainImageContentDetector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainImageContentDetector.en.md): TrainImageContentDetector[{img1 -> {bbox1 -> class1, ...}, ...}] trains a ContentDetectorFunction[...] based on the examples given.
- [TrainingProgressCheckpointing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainingProgressCheckpointing.en.md): TrainingProgressCheckpointing is an option for NetTrain that specifies how to save copies of the net during training.
- [TrainingProgressFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainingProgressFunction.en.md): TrainingProgressFunction is an option for NetTrain that specifies a function to run periodically during training.
- [TrainingProgressMeasurements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainingProgressMeasurements.en.md): TrainingProgressMeasurements is an option for NetTrain that specifies measurements to make while training is in progress.
- [TrainingProgressReporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainingProgressReporting.en.md): TrainingProgressReporting is an option for NetTrain and related functions that specifies how to report the progress of training.
- [TrainingStoppingCriterion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainingStoppingCriterion.en.md): TrainingStoppingCriterion is an option for NetTrain that specifies a criterion for stopping training early in order to prevent overfitting.
- [TrainingUpdateSchedule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainingUpdateSchedule.en.md): TrainingUpdateSchedule is an option for NetTrain that specifies which arrays of the network can be updated at each step of the optimization process.
- [TrainTextContentDetector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrainTextContentDetector.en.md): TrainTextContentDetector[{text1 -> {span1 -> class1, ...}, ...}] trains a ContentDetectorFunction[...] based on the examples given.
- [TransferFunctionCancel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionCancel.en.md): TransferFunctionCancel[tfm] cancels common poles and zeros in the TransferFunctionModel tfm. TransferFunctionCancel[tfm, crit] cancels only common pole-zero pairs ei for which crit[ei] is True.
- [TransferFunctionExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionExpand.en.md): TransferFunctionExpand[tfm] expands polynomial terms in the numerators and denominators of the TransferFunctionModel tfm.
- [TransferFunctionFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionFactor.en.md): TransferFunctionFactor[tfm] factors the polynomial terms in the numerators and denominators of the TransferFunctionModel tfm.
- [TransferFunctionModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionModel.en.md): TransferFunctionModel[g[s], s] represents the model of the transfer-function matrix g[s] with complex variable s. TransferFunctionModel[{n[s], d[s]}, s] specifies the numerator n[s] and denominator d[s] of a transfer-function model. TransferFunctionModel[{z, p, g}, s] specifies the zeros z, poles p, and gain g of a transfer-function model. TransferFunctionModel[sys] gives the transfer-function model of the systems model sys.
- [TransferFunctionPoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionPoles.en.md): TransferFunctionPoles[tfm] gives a matrix of roots of the denominators in the TransferFunctionModel tfm. TransferFunctionPoles[tfm, reg] only gives the roots inside the region reg on the complex plane.
- [TransferFunctionTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionTransform.en.md): TransferFunctionTransform[f, tf] transforms the TransferFunctionModel object tf using the transformation function f.
- [TransferFunctionZeros](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransferFunctionZeros.en.md): TransferFunctionZeros[tfm] gives a matrix of roots of the numerators in the TransferFunctionModel tfm. TransferFunctionZeros[tfm, reg] only gives the roots inside the region reg on the complex plane.
- [TransformAnomalies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformAnomalies.en.md): TransformAnomalies[data, tspec] transforms anomalies in data using the transformation tspec. TransformAnomalies[data, dspec -> tspec] detects the anomalies using the specification dspec. TransformAnomalies[tab, {col1 -> spec1, ...}] transforms tabular data tab using the specification speci for column coli.
- [TransformationClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformationClass.en.md): TransformationClass is an option that specifies the class of geometric transformations to be used.
- [TransformationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformationFunction.en.md): TransformationFunction[data] represents a transformation function that applies geometric and other transformations.
- [TransformationFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformationFunctions.en.md): TransformationFunctions is an option for Simplify and FullSimplify which gives the list of functions to apply to try to transform parts of an expression.
- [TransformationMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformationMatrix.en.md): TransformationMatrix[tfun] gives the homogeneous matrix associated with a TransformationFunction object.
- [TransformColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformColumns.en.md): TransformColumns[tab, ncol -> f] adds a new column with name ncol by transforming the tabular data tab using the function f applied to each row. TransformColumns[tab, {ncol1 -> f1, ncol2 -> f2, ...}] adds several new columns ncoli by successively applying the functions fi to each row. TransformColumns[transfs] represents an operator form of TransformColumns that can be applied to tabular data.
- [TransformedDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformedDistribution.en.md): TransformedDistribution[expr, x \\[Distributed] dist] represents the transformed distribution of expr where the random variable x follows the distribution dist. TransformedDistribution[expr, {x1, x2, ...} \\[Distributed] dist] represents the transformed distribution of expr where {x1, x2, ...} follows the multivariate distribution dist. TransformedDistribution[expr, x \\[Distributed] proc] represents the transformed distribution where expr contains expressions of the form x[t], referring the ...
- [TransformedField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformedField.en.md): TransformedField[t, f, {x1, x2, ..., xn} -> {y1, y2, ..., yn}] uses the coordinate transformation t to transform the scalar, vector, or tensor field f from coordinates xi to yi.
- [TransformedProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformedProcess.en.md): TransformedProcess[expr, x \\[Distributed] proc, t] represents the transformed process of expr where the variable x follows the random process proc and t denotes the time. TransformedProcess[expr, {x1 \\[Distributed] proc1, x2 \\[Distributed] proc2, ...}, t] represents a transformed process where x1, x2, ... are independent and follow the processes proc1, proc2, ....
- [TransformedRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformedRegion.en.md): TransformedRegion[reg, f] represents the transformed region {f(p) | p \\[Element] reg}, where reg is a region and f is a function.
- [TransformMissing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransformMissing.en.md): TransformMissing[tab, spec] replaces instances of Missing[...] in tabular data tab according to the specification spec. TransformMissing[tab, {col1 -> spec1, ...}] uses the specification speci to replace missing elements in coli.
- [TransitionDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransitionDirection.en.md): TransitionDirection is an option for PaneSelector that specifies the direction in which a transition moves.
- [TransitionDuration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransitionDuration.en.md): TransitionDuration is an option for PaneSelector that specifies the duration in seconds that a transition effect should last.
- [TransitionEffect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransitionEffect.en.md): TransitionEffect is an option for PaneSelector that specifies the visual effect used when transitioning between states.
- [TransitiveClosureGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransitiveClosureGraph.en.md): TransitiveClosureGraph[g] gives the transitive closure of the graph g. TransitiveClosureGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [TransitiveReductionGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransitiveReductionGraph.en.md): TransitiveReductionGraph[g] gives a transitive reduction of the graph g. TransitiveReductionGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [Translate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Translate.en.md): Translate[g, {x, y, ...}] represents graphics primitives g translated by the vector {x, y, ...}. Translate[g, {{x1, y1, ...}, {x2, y2, ...}, ...}] represents multiple copies of g translated by a collection of vectors.
- [TranslationOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TranslationOptions.en.md): TranslationOptions -> {opt1 -> val1, opt2 -> val2, ...} is an option for Style and Cell that controls how code translations are displayed.
- [TranslationTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TranslationTransform.en.md): TranslationTransform[v] gives a TransformationFunction that represents translation of points by a vector v.
- [Transliterate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Transliterate.en.md): Transliterate[string] attempts to transliterate string into plain ASCII. Transliterate[string, script] attempts to transliterate string into the specified writing script script. Transliterate[string, script1 -> script2] attempts to transliterate string from script1 to script2.
- [Transparent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Transparent.en.md): Transparent represents perfect transparency in graphics or style specifications.
- [Transpose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Transpose.en.md): Transpose[list] transposes the first two levels in list. Transpose[list, {n1, n2, ...}] transposes list so that the k^th level in list is the nk^th level in the result. Transpose[list, m <-> n] transposes levels m and n in list, leaving all other levels unchanged. Transpose[list, k] cycles the levels in list k positions to the right.
- [TransposeLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TransposeLayer.en.md): TransposeLayer[] represents a net layer that transposes the first two levels of its input. TransposeLayer[m <-> n] represents a net layer that transposes levels m and n of its input. TransposeLayer[{m1 <-> n1, m2 <-> n2, ...}] represents a net layer that sequentially transposes levels mi and ni of its input. TransposeLayer[{n1, n2, ...}] represents a net layer such that the k^th level of the input is the nk^th level in the output.
- [TravelDirectionsData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TravelDirectionsData.en.md): TravelDirectionsData[...] represents travel directions generated by TravelDirections.
- [TravelDirections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TravelDirections.en.md): TravelDirections[{loc1, loc2, ...}] generates directions for travel from loc1 to loc2, .... TravelDirections[{loc1, loc2, ...},  prop] gives the property prop of travel directions.
- [TravelDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TravelDistance.en.md): TravelDistance[{loc1, loc2, ...}] gives the estimated distance for travel from loc1 to loc2, ....
- [TravelDistanceList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TravelDistanceList.en.md): TravelDistanceList[{loc1, loc2, ..., locn}] returns the list {TravelDistance[loc1, loc2], ..., TravelDistance[loc n - 1, locn]}.
- [TravelMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TravelMethod.en.md): TravelMethod is an option for TravelDirections and related functions that specifies the mode of transportation to assume.
- [TravelTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TravelTime.en.md): TravelTime[{loc1, loc2, ...}] gives the estimated time to travel from loc1 to loc2, ....
- [TreeCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeCases.en.md): TreeCases[tree, pattern] gives a list of subtrees of tree with data matching pattern. TreeCases[tree, pattern, levelspec] gives a list of all subtrees of tree on levels specified by levelspec with data that matches the pattern. TreeCases[tree, pattern, levelspec, n] gives the first n subtrees in tree with data that matches the pattern. TreeCases[pattern] represents an operator form of TreeCases that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeChildren](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeChildren.en.md): TreeChildren[tree] extracts the children of the root of the Tree object tree.
- [TreeCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeCount.en.md): TreeCount[tree, pattern] gives the number of subtrees of tree whose data matches pattern. TreeCount[tree, pattern, levelspec] gives the total number of subtrees with data matching pattern that appear at the levels in tree specified by levelspec. TreeCount[pattern] represents an operator form of TreeCount that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeData.en.md): TreeData[tree] extracts the data in the root of the Tree object tree.
- [TreeDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeDelete.en.md): TreeDelete[tree, pos] deletes the subtree of tree at the position specified by pos. TreeDelete[tree, {pos1, pos2, ...}] deletes subtrees at several positions. TreeDelete[pos] represents an operator form of TreeDelete that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeDepth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeDepth.en.md): TreeDepth[tree] gives the maximum level of tree. TreeDepth[tree, pattern] gives the maximum level of the subtree with data matching pattern.
- [TreeElementCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementCoordinates.en.md): TreeElementCoordinates is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies the coordinates to use to place the center of subtree elements.
- [TreeElementLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementLabel.en.md): TreeElementLabel is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what labels should be used for subtree elements.
- [TreeElementLabelFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementLabelFunction.en.md): TreeElementLabelFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies functions to use to generate subtree element labels.
- [TreeElementLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementLabelStyle.en.md): TreeElementLabelStyle is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what styles should be used for subtree element labels.
- [TreeElementShape](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementShape.en.md): TreeElementShape is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what graphics should be used for subtree elements.
- [TreeElementShapeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementShapeFunction.en.md): TreeElementShapeFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies a function to use to generate primitives for rendering subtree elements.
- [TreeElementSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementSize.en.md): TreeElementSize is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what size should be used for subtree elements.
- [TreeElementSizeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementSizeFunction.en.md): TreeElementSizeFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies a function to use to generate sizes for subtree elements.
- [TreeElementStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementStyle.en.md): TreeElementStyle is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies what styles should be used for subtree elements.
- [TreeElementStyleFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeElementStyleFunction.en.md): TreeElementStyleFunction is an option for Tree and related functions that specifies functions to use to generate subtree element styles.
- [Tree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tree.en.md): Tree[{subtree1, subtree2, ...}] represents a tree with a list of child subtrees subtreei. Tree[<|key1 -> subtree1, key2 -> subtree2, ...|>] specifies the children as an association with keys keyi. Tree[data, subtrees] represents a tree containing data in its root, with children given by subtrees.
- [TreeExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeExpression.en.md): TreeExpression[tree] gives an expression from the structure of the Tree object tree. TreeExpression[tree, struct] gives an expression with data and subtrees of tree interpreted as specified by struct.
- [TreeExtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeExtract.en.md): TreeExtract[tree, pos] extracts the subtree of tree at the position specified by pos. TreeExtract[tree, {pos1, pos2, ...}] extracts a list of subtrees of tree. TreeExtract[tree, pos, h] extracts subtrees of tree, applying h to each subtree. TreeExtract[pos] represents an operator form of TreeExtract that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeFold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeFold.en.md): TreeFold[f, tree] successively folds the subtrees of tree, applying f to both the data of each subtree and the list of results for its children. TreeFold[f, tree, h] applies f to h[tree] instead of the data of tree. TreeFold[{f, f -1}, tree, h] applies f -1 at the last level and f at each inner level. TreeFold[f] represents an operator form of TreeFold that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeForm.en.md): TreeForm[expr] displays expr as a tree with different levels at different depths. TreeForm[expr, n] displays expr as a tree only down to level n.
- [TreeGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGame.en.md): TreeGame[{player1, action1, ..., actionk}] specifies an action node for player1 with possible actions actionj. TreeGame[Tree[playera1, {actiont1, ..., actiontk}]] specifies an action node using Tree notation, with playera1 association and actiontj action trees.
- [TreeGamePayoff](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGamePayoff.en.md): TreeGamePayoff[tgame, strat] gives the expected payoff for each player in the tree game tgame with strategy profile strat. TreeGamePayoff[tgame, strat, adv] gives the expected payoff for each player in the tree game tgame with the incomplete strategy profile strat and the adversary type adv.
- [TreeGamePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGamePlot.en.md): TreeGamePlot[tgame] generates a plot of the TreeGame tgame. TreeGamePlot[tgame, strat] highlights the game strategy strat.
- [TreeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGraph.en.md): TreeGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, {u1, u2, ...}] yields a tree where ui is the predecessor of vi. TreeGraph[{e1, e2, ...}] yields a tree with edges ej. TreeGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, {e1, e2, ...}] yields a tree with vertices vi and edges ej. TreeGraph[{..., wi[vi, ...], ...}, {..., wj[ej, ...], ...}] yields a tree with vertex and edge properties defined by the symbolic wrappers wk. TreeGraph[{vi -> vj, ...}] uses rules vi -> vj to specify a tree.
- [TreeGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeGraphQ.en.md): TreeGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a tree and False otherwise.
- [TreeInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeInsert.en.md): TreeInsert[tree, child, pos] inserts child at the position specified by pos in tree. TreeInsert[tree, child, {pos1, pos2, ...}] inserts child at several positions. TreeInsert[child, pos] represents an operator form of TreeInsert that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeLayout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeLayout.en.md): TreeLayout is an option to Tree and related functions that specifies what layout to use.
- [TreeLeafCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeLeafCount.en.md): TreeLeafCount[tree] gives the number of leaves of tree.
- [TreeLeafQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeLeafQ.en.md): TreeLeafQ[tree] gives True if tree is a Tree object with no children, and gives False otherwise.
- [TreeLeaves](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeLeaves.en.md): TreeLeaves[tree] returns the list of leaves of the tree tree.
- [TreeLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeLevel.en.md): TreeLevel[tree, levelspec] gives a list of all subtrees of tree on levels specified by levelspec. TreeLevel[tree, levelspec -> elem] gives a list of the element elem of subtrees on levels specified by levelspec. TreeLevel[levelspec] represents an operator form of TreeLevel that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeMapAt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeMapAt.en.md): TreeMapAt[f, tree, pos] applies f to the data at the position specified by pos in tree. TreeMapAt[f, tree, {pos1, pos2, ...}] applies f to the data at several positions. TreeMapAt[f, pos] represents an operator form of TreeMapAt that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeMap.en.md): TreeMap[f, tree] applies f to the data of each subtree of tree. TreeMap[f, tree, levelspec] applies f to the data of subtrees on levels of tree specified by levelspec. TreeMap[f, tree, levelspec -> elems] applies f to the elements elems of subtrees on levels specified by levelspec. TreeMap[f] represents an operator form of TreeMap that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeOutline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeOutline.en.md): TreeOutline[tree] gives an outline of the data in tree as a nested OpenerView. TreeOutline[tree, pos] gives an outline of the data in tree initially opened to the subtree at the position specified by pos. TreeOutline[tree, {pos1, pos2, ...}] opens the outline to several positions.
- [TreePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreePlot.en.md): TreePlot[g] generates a tree plot of the graph g. TreePlot[{e1, e2, ...}] generates a tree plot of the graph with edges ej. TreePlot[{..., w[ei], ...}] plots ei with features defined by the symbolic wrapper w. TreePlot[{v i 1 -> v j 1, ...}] uses rules v i 1 -> v j 1 to specify the graph g. TreePlot[m] generates a tree plot of the graph represented by the adjacency matrix m. TreePlot[..., v -> pos] places the root v in the plot at position pos.
- [TreePosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreePosition.en.md): TreePosition[tree, pattern] gives a list of the positions of subtrees of tree whose data matches pattern. TreePosition[tree, pattern, levelspec] finds only matches that appear on levels of tree specified by levelspec. TreePosition[tree, pattern, levelspec, n] gives the positions of the first n matches found. TreePosition[pattern] represents an operator form of TreePosition that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeQ.en.md): TreeQ[tree] yields True if tree is a valid Tree object and False otherwise.
- [TreeReplacePart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeReplacePart.en.md): TreeReplacePart[tree, pos -> new] gives a tree in which the subtree of tree at the position specified by pos is replaced with new. TreeReplacePart[tree, {pos1 -> new1, pos2 -> new2, ...}] replaces subtrees at positions specified by posi with newi. TreeReplacePart[tree, {pos1, pos2, ...} -> new] replaces all subtrees at positions specified by posi with new. TreeReplacePart[tree, {{pos 1, 1, pos 1, 2, ...} -> new1, ...}] replaces subtrees at positions specified by {pos i, 1, pos ...
- [TreeRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeRules.en.md): TreeRules[tree] returns the rules associated with the Tree object tree.
- [TreeScan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeScan.en.md): TreeScan[f, tree] evaluates f applied to the data of each subtree of tree in turn. TreeScan[f, tree, levelspec] applies f to the data of subtrees on levels of tree specified by levelspec. TreeScan[f, tree, levelspec -> elems] applies f to the elements elems of subtrees on levels specified by levelspec. TreeScan[f] represents an operator form of TreeScan that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeSelect.en.md): TreeSelect[tree, crit] picks out all subtrees treei of tree for which crit[treei] is True. TreeSelect[tree, crit, n] picks out the first n subtrees for which crit[treei] is True. TreeSelect[tree, crit, levelspec, n] picks out subtrees on levels specified by levelspec. TreeSelect[crit] represents an operator form of TreeSelect that can be applied to a tree.
- [TreeSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeSize.en.md): TreeSize[tree] gives the number of subtrees of tree.
- [TreeTraversalOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TreeTraversalOrder.en.md): TreeTraversalOrder is an option for TreeMap and related functions that specifies the order to visit subtrees.
- [TrendStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrendStyle.en.md): TrendStyle is an option to CandlestickChart, RenkoChart, and other financial charting functions that specifies how to style price trends.
- [Tr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tr.en.md): Tr[list] finds the trace of the matrix or tensor list. Tr[list, f] finds a generalized trace, combining terms with f instead of Plus. Tr[list, f, n] goes down to level n in list.
- [TriangleCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangleCenter.en.md): TriangleCenter[tri, type] gives the specified type of center for the triangle tri. TriangleCenter[tri] gives the centroid of the triangle.
- [TriangleConstruct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangleConstruct.en.md): TriangleConstruct[tri, type] gives the specified type of construct for the triangle tri.
- [Triangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Triangle.en.md): Triangle[{p1, p2, p3}] represents a filled triangle with corner points p1, p2, and p3. Triangle[{{p11, p12, p13}, ...}] represents a collection of triangles.
- [TriangleMeasurement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangleMeasurement.en.md): TriangleMeasurement[tri, type] gives the specified type of measurement for the triangle tri.
- [TriangleWave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangleWave.en.md): TriangleWave[x] gives a triangle wave that varies between -1 and +1 with unit period. TriangleWave[{min, max}, x] gives a triangle wave that varies between min and max with unit period.
- [TriangularDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangularDistribution.en.md): TriangularDistribution[{min, max}] represents a symmetric triangular statistical distribution giving values between min and max. TriangularDistribution[] represents a symmetric triangular statistical distribution giving values between 0 and 1. TriangularDistribution[{min, max}, c] represents a triangular distribution with mode at c.
- [TriangulateMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangulateMesh.en.md): TriangulateMesh[mr] generates a triangulation of the mesh region mr.
- [Trig](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Trig.en.md): Trig is an option for various polynomial manipulation functions that specifies whether trigonometric functions should be treated like polynomial elements.
- [TrigExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrigExpand.en.md): TrigExpand[expr] expands out trigonometric functions in expr.
- [TrigFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrigFactor.en.md): TrigFactor[expr] factors trigonometric functions in expr.
- [TrigFactorList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrigFactorList.en.md): TrigFactorList[expr] factors trigonometric functions in expr, yielding a list of lists containing trigonometric monomials and exponents.
- [Trigger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Trigger.en.md): Trigger[Dynamic[u]] represents a trigger that can be pressed to make the dynamically updated value of u be continually increased with time from 0 to 1. Trigger[Dynamic[u], {umin, umax}] makes u vary from umin to umax when triggered. Trigger[Dynamic[u], {umin, umax, du}] makes u vary in steps du when triggered. Trigger[Dynamic[u], {umin, umax}, ups] makes the value of u increase at a rate of ups units per second when triggered.
- [TrigReduce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrigReduce.en.md): TrigReduce[expr] rewrites products and powers of trigonometric functions in expr in terms of trigonometric functions with combined arguments.
- [TrigToExp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrigToExp.en.md): TrigToExp[expr] converts trigonometric functions in expr to exponentials.
- [TrimmedMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrimmedMean.en.md): TrimmedMean[list, f] gives the mean of the elements in list after dropping a fraction f of the smallest and largest elements. TrimmedMean[list, {f1, f2}] gives the mean when a fraction f1 of the smallest elements and a fraction f2 of the largest elements are removed. TrimmedMean[list] gives the 5% trimmed mean TrimmedMean[list, 0.05]. TrimmedMean[dist, ...] gives the trimmed mean of a univariate distribution dist.
- [TrimmedVariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrimmedVariance.en.md): TrimmedVariance[list, f] gives the variance of the elements in list after dropping a fraction f of the smallest and largest elements. TrimmedVariance[list, {f1, f2}] gives the variance when a fraction f1 of the smallest elements and a fraction f2 of the largest elements are removed. TrimmedVariance[list] gives the 5% trimmed variance TrimmedVariance[list, 0.05]. TrimmedVariance[dist, ...] gives the trimmed variance of a univariate distribution dist.
- [TropicalStormData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TropicalStormData.en.md): TropicalStormData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the tropical storm entity. TropicalStormData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified tropical storm entities. TropicalStormData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [True](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/True.en.md): True is the symbol for the Boolean value true.
- [TrueQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TrueQ.en.md): TrueQ[expr] yields True if expr is True, and yields False otherwise.
- [TruncatedDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TruncatedDistribution.en.md): TruncatedDistribution[{xmin, xmax}, dist] represents the distribution obtained by truncating the values of dist to lie between xmin and xmax. TruncatedDistribution[{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}, dist] represents the distribution obtained by truncating the values of the multivariate distribution dist to lie between xmin and xmax, ymin and ymax, etc.
- [TruncatedPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TruncatedPolyhedron.en.md): TruncatedPolyhedron[poly] gives the truncated polyhedron of poly by truncating all vertices. TruncatedPolyhedron[poly, l] truncates the polyhedron poly by a length ratio l at its vertices.
- [TruncateSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TruncateSum.en.md): TruncateSum[sexpr, n] truncates each Sum in sexpr to have at most n terms. TruncateSum[sexpr, {m, n, ...}] truncates each multiple Sum in sexpr using the iterative specification {m, n, ...}.
- [TsallisQExponentialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TsallisQExponentialDistribution.en.md): TsallisQExponentialDistribution[\\[Lambda], q] represents a Tsallis q-exponential distribution with scale inversely proportional to parameter \\[Lambda].
- [TsallisQGaussianDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TsallisQGaussianDistribution.en.md): TsallisQGaussianDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Beta], q] represents a Tsallis q-Gaussian distribution with mean \\[Mu], scale parameter \\[Beta], and deformation parameter q. TsallisQGaussianDistribution[q] represents a Tsallis q-Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and scale parameter 1.
- [TTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TTest.en.md): TTest[data] tests whether the mean of data is zero. TTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the means of data1 and data2 are equal. TTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0] tests the mean against \\[Mu]0. TTest[dspec, \\[Mu]0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [Tube](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tube.en.md): Tube[{{x1, y1, z1}, {x2, y2, z2}, ...}] represents a 3D tube around the line joining a sequence of points. Tube[{pt1, pt2, ...}, r] represents a tube of radius r. Tube[{{pt11, pt12, ...}, {pt21, ...}, ...}, ...] represents a collection of tubes. Tube[curve, ...] represents a tube around the specified 3D curve.
- [Tuesday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tuesday.en.md): Tuesday is a day of the week.
- [TukeyLambdaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TukeyLambdaDistribution.en.md): TukeyLambdaDistribution[\\[Lambda]] represents Tukey's lambda distribution with shape parameter \\[Lambda]. TukeyLambdaDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents Tukey's lambda distribution with location parameter \\[Mu] and scale parameter \\[Sigma]. TukeyLambdaDistribution[{\\[Lambda]1, \\[Lambda]2}, \\[Mu], {\\[Sigma]1, \\ \\[Sigma]2}] represents the generalized Tukey's lambda distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], scale parameters \\[Sigma]1 and \\[Sigma]2, and shape ...
- [TukeyWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TukeyWindow.en.md): TukeyWindow[x] represents a Tukey window function of x. TukeyWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [TunnelData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TunnelData.en.md): TunnelData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the tunnel entity. TunnelData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified tunnel entities. TunnelData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Tuples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tuples.en.md): Tuples[list, n] generates a list of all possible n-tuples of elements from list. Tuples[{list1, list2, ...}] generates a list of all possible tuples whose i ^th element is from listi. Tuples[list, {n1, n2, ...}] generates a list of all possible n1*n2*... arrays of elements in list.
- [TuranGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TuranGraph.en.md): TuranGraph[n, k] gives the k-partite Turán graph with n vertices T n, k.
- [TuringMachine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TuringMachine.en.md): TuringMachine[rule, init, t] generates a list representing the evolution of the Turing machine with the specified rule from initial condition init for t steps. TuringMachine[rule, init] gives the result of evolving init for one step. TuringMachine[rule] is an operator form of TuringMachine that corresponds to one step of evolution.
- [TuttePolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TuttePolynomial.en.md): TuttePolynomial[g, {x, y}] gives the Tutte polynomial of the graph g. TuttePolynomial[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [TwoWayRule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TwoWayRule.en.md): x <-> y or x <-> y represents a two-way rule expressing exchange or correspondence of x and y.
- [TypeDeclaration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TypeDeclaration.en.md): TypeDeclaration[Product, name, <|field1 -> type1, field2 -> type2, ...|>] represents a declaration of a product type with the specified fields. TypeDeclaration[Abstract, name] represents a declaration of the abstract type name. TypeDeclaration[Alias, name, targetType] represents a declaration of the type name using the internal representation of targetType. TypeDeclaration[Macro, name, targetType] represents a declaration specifying that all instances of name should be replaced ...
- [Typed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Typed.en.md): Typed[expr, type] represents an expression that should be assumed to be of a specified type for compilation and other purposes.
- [TypeEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TypeEvaluate.en.md): TypeEvaluate[expr] represents a type created by evaluating expr.
- [TypeHint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TypeHint.en.md): TypeHint[expr, type] represents an expression of a specified type when compiled and gives expr when evaluated.
- [TypeOf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TypeOf.en.md): TypeOf[expr] gives the type of expr without evaluating it. TypeOf[expr, Typed[x, ty]] assumes that instances of x in expr have type ty. TypeOf[expr, {Typed[x1, ty1], Typed[x2, ty2], ...}] assumes that xi has type tyi. TypeOf[expr, decls] uses declarations decls.
- [TypeSpecifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TypeSpecifier.en.md): TypeSpecifier[cons] represents a type. TypeSpecifier[cons][type1, ...] or cons::[type1, ...] represents a compound type.
- [UnateQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnateQ.en.md): UnateQ[bexpr, {x1, x2, ...}] tests whether the Boolean expression bexpr is positive unate in the variables x1, x2, ... . UnateQ[bexpr, {\\[Not] x1, \\[Not] x2, ...}] tests whether the Boolean expression bexpr is negative unate in the variables x1, x2, ... .
- [Uncompress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Uncompress.en.md): Uncompress[string] recovers an expression from a compressed string representation generated by Compress. Uncompress[string, h] wraps the head h around the expression produced before evaluating it.
- [UnconstrainedParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnconstrainedParameters.en.md): UnconstrainedParameters is an option to functions like GeometricScene that specifies what parameters should be treated as unconstrained, so that they can take on any possible value.
- [Undefined](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Undefined.en.md): Undefined is a symbol that represents a quantity with no defined value.
- [UnderBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnderBar.en.md): UnderBar[expr] displays with a bar under expr.
- [Underflow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Underflow.en.md): Underflow[] represents a number too small to represent explicitly on your computer system.
- [Underlined](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Underlined.en.md): Underlined represents an underlined font.
- [UnderoverscriptBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnderoverscriptBox.en.md): UnderoverscriptBox[x, y, z] is the low-level box representation for xy^z in notebook expressions.
- [UnderoverscriptBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnderoverscriptBoxOptions.en.md): UnderoverscriptBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for UnderoverscriptBox objects.
- [Underoverscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Underoverscript.en.md): Underoverscript[x, y, z] is an object that formats as xy^z.
- [UnderscriptBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnderscriptBox.en.md): UnderscriptBox[x, y] is the low-level box representation for UnderscriptBox[x, y] in notebook expressions.
- [UnderscriptBoxOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnderscriptBoxOptions.en.md): UnderscriptBoxOptions is an option for selections that specifies settings for UnderscriptBox objects.
- [Underscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Underscript.en.md): Underscript[x, y] is an object that formats as UnderscriptBox[x, y].
- [UnderseaFeatureData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnderseaFeatureData.en.md): UnderseaFeatureData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the undersea feature entity. UnderseaFeatureData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified undersea feature entities. UnderseaFeatureData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [UndirectedEdge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UndirectedEdge.en.md): UndirectedEdge[u, v] or u \\[UndirectedEdge] v represents an undirected edge between u and v. UndirectedEdge[u, v, t] or u OverscriptBox[\\[UndirectedEdge], t] v represents an undirected edge between u and v with tag t.
- [UndirectedGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UndirectedGraph.en.md): UndirectedGraph[g] gives an undirected graph from the directed graph g. UndirectedGraph[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [UndirectedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UndirectedGraphQ.en.md): UndirectedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is an undirected graph and False otherwise.
- [UndoOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UndoOptions.en.md): UndoOptions is an option for Style that specifies settings for controlling the behavior of the front end's interactive undo/redo system.
- [UndoTrackedVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UndoTrackedVariables.en.md): UndoTrackedVariables is an option for Manipulate, DynamicModule, and related functions that sets variables that should be tracked by the front end's undo mechanism.
- [Unequal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Unequal.en.md): lhs != rhs or lhs != rhs or Unequal[lhs, rhs] returns False if lhs and rhs are identical.
- [UnequalTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnequalTo.en.md): UnequalTo[y] is an operator form that yields x != y when applied to an expression x.
- [Unevaluated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Unevaluated.en.md): Unevaluated[expr] represents the unevaluated form of expr when it appears as the argument to a function.
- [UniformDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniformDistribution.en.md): UniformDistribution[{min, max}] represents a continuous uniform statistical distribution giving values between min and max. UniformDistribution[] represents a uniform distribution giving values between 0 and 1. UniformDistribution[{{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}] represents a multivariate uniform distribution over the region {{xmin, xmax}, {ymin, ymax}, ...}. UniformDistribution[n] represents a multivariate uniform distribution over the standard n dimensional unit hypercube.
- [UniformGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniformGraphDistribution.en.md): UniformGraphDistribution[n, m] represents a uniform graph distribution on n-vertex, m-edge graphs.
- [UniformPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniformPolyhedron.en.md): UniformPolyhedron[name] gives the uniform polyhedron with the given name. UniformPolyhedron[{n, m}] gives the uniform polyhedron with n sides of each face and m faces meeting at each vertex point. UniformPolyhedron[{r, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] rescales the uniform polyhedron by a factor r and rotates by an angle \\[Theta] with respect to the z axis and angle \\[Phi] with respect to the y axis. UniformPolyhedron[{x, y, z}, {r, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]}, ...] centers the uniform polyhedron at {x, y, ...
- [UniformSumDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniformSumDistribution.en.md): UniformSumDistribution[n] represents the distribution of a sum of n random variables uniformly distributed from 0 to 1. UniformSumDistribution[n, {min, max}] represents the distribution of a sum of n random variables uniformly distributed from min to max.
- [UnilateralConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnilateralConvolve.en.md): UnilateralConvolve[f, g, u, t] gives the unilateral convolution with respect to u of the expressions f and g. UnilateralConvolve[f, g, {u1, ..., un}, {t1, ..., tn}] gives the multidimensional unilateral convolution.
- [UnilateralDiscreteConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnilateralDiscreteConvolve.en.md): UnilateralDiscreteConvolve[f, g, k, n] gives the unilateral discrete convolution with respect to k of the expressions f and g. UnilateralDiscreteConvolve[f, g, {k1, ..., kp}, {n1, ..., np}] gives the multidimensional unilateral discrete convolution.
- [Uninstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Uninstall.en.md): Uninstall[link] terminates an external program started by Install, and removes Wolfram Language definitions set up by it.
- [UnionedEntityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnionedEntityClass.en.md): UnionedEntityClass[class1, ...] represents an entity class containing all the distinct entities in all the classi.
- [Union](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Union.en.md): Union[list1, list2, ...] gives a sorted list of all the distinct elements that appear in any of the listi. Union[list] gives a sorted version of a list, in which all duplicated elements have been dropped.
- [UnionPlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnionPlus.en.md): UnionPlus[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[UnionPlus] y \\[UnionPlus] ....
- [UniqueElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniqueElements.en.md): UniqueElements[{list1, list2, ...}] gives the elements for each listi that are not in any other list. UniqueElements[lists, test] uses test to determine whether pairs of elements should be considered equivalent.
- [Unique](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Unique.en.md): Unique[] generates a new symbol, whose name is of the form $nnn. Unique[x] generates a new symbol, with a name of the form x$nnn. Unique[{x, y, ...}] generates a list of new symbols. Unique[xxx] generates a new symbol, with a name of the form xxxnnn.
- [UnitaryMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitaryMatrix.en.md): UnitaryMatrix[umat] converts the unitary matrix umat to a structured array.
- [UnitaryMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitaryMatrixQ.en.md): UnitaryMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is a unitary matrix, and False otherwise.
- [UnitBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitBox.en.md): UnitBox[x] represents the unit box function, equal to 1 for |x| <= 1/2 and 0 otherwise. UnitBox[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional unit box function, equal to 1 if |xi| <= 1/2 and 0 otherwise.
- [UnitConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitConvert.en.md): UnitConvert[quantity, targetunit] attempts to convert the specified quantity to the specified targetunit. UnitConvert[quantity] converts the specified quantity to SI base units.
- [UnitDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitDimensions.en.md): UnitDimensions[unit] returns a list of base dimensions associated with the specified unit. UnitDimensions[quantity] returns a list of base dimensions associated with the unit of the specified quantity.
- [Unitize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Unitize.en.md): Unitize[x] gives 0 when x is zero, and 1 when x has any other numerical value.
- [UnitRootTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitRootTest.en.md): UnitRootTest[data] tests whether data came from an autoregressive time series process with unit root. UnitRootTest[data, model,  property] returns the value of  property for a given model.
- [UnitSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitSimplify.en.md): UnitSimplify[quantity] attempts to simplify the units of the specified quantity.
- [UnitStep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitStep.en.md): UnitStep[x] represents the unit step function, equal to 0 for x < 0 and 1 for x >= 0. UnitStep[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional unit step function which is 1 only if none of the xi are negative.
- [UnitSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitSystem.en.md): UnitSystem is an option for functions like AirTemperatureData that determines the units of the result.
- [UnitTriangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitTriangle.en.md): UnitTriangle[x] represents the unit triangle function on the interval |x| <= 1 . UnitTriangle[x1, x2, ...] represents the multidimensional unit triangle function on the interval |xi| <= 1.
- [UnitVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitVector.en.md): UnitVector[k] gives the two-dimensional unit vector in the k^th direction. UnitVector[n, k] gives the n-dimensional unit vector in the k^th direction.
- [UnitVectorLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitVectorLayer.en.md): UnitVectorLayer[n] represents a net layer that transforms integers between 1 and n into n-dimensional unit vectors. UnitVectorLayer[] leaves the n to be inferred from context.
- [UnityDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnityDimensions.en.md): UnityDimensions is an option for UnitSimplify that specifies which UnitDimensions should be factored out.
- [UniverseModelData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniverseModelData.en.md): UniverseModelData[spec] returns properties of the universe based on the default model at specification defined by the time after the Big Bang, the distance to the comoving object, or the redshift of such an object. UniverseModelData[spec, model] returns properties of universe model at spec. UniverseModelData[spec, property] returns the specified property at the time or distance spec. UniverseModelData[spec, property, model] returns the specified property at the time or distance spec for the ...
- [UniversityData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UniversityData.en.md): UniversityData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the university entity. UniversityData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified university entities. UniversityData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [UnixTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnixTime.en.md): UnixTime[] gives the total number of seconds since the beginning of January 1, 1970, in the GMT time zone. UnixTime[{y, m, d, h, m, s}] gives the Unix time specification corresponding to a date list. UnixTime[date] gives the Unix time specification corresponding to a DateObject. UnixTime[string] gives the Unix time specification corresponding to a date string. UnixTime[{ string, {SubscriptBox[e, 1], SubscriptBox[e, 2], ...}}] takes the date string to contain the elements SubscriptBox[e, i].
- [UnlabeledTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnlabeledTree.en.md): UnlabeledTree[tree] returns a tree of the same shape as tree in which the nodes and edges are displayed without labels.
- [UnmanageObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnmanageObject.en.md): UnmanageObject[man] takes ownership of memory wrapped in a managed object.
- [Unprotect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Unprotect.en.md): Unprotect[s1, s2, ...] removes the attribute Protected for the symbols si. Unprotect[patt1, patt2, ...] unprotects all symbols whose names textually match any of the arbitrary string patterns patti. Unprotect[{spec1, spec2, ...}] unprotects any symbols that are equal to or whose names match any of the speci.
- [UnregisterExternalEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnregisterExternalEvaluator.en.md): UnregisterExternalEvaluator[sys, evaluator] unregisters the external evaluator referenced by evaluator for system sys so that it is not used by ExternalEvaluate and related functions.
- [UnsameQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnsameQ.en.md): lhs =!= rhs yields True if the expression lhs is not identical to rhs, and yields False otherwise.
- [UnsavedVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnsavedVariables.en.md): UnsavedVariables is an option for Manipulate, DynamicModule, and related functions that specifies local symbols that should not be saved when the notebook containing them is saved.
- [Unset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Unset.en.md): lhs =. removes any rules defined for lhs.
- [UnsetShared](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnsetShared.en.md): UnsetShared[s1, s2, ...] stops the sharing of the variables or functions si among parallel kernels. UnsetShared[patt] stops the sharing of all variables and functions whose names match the string pattern patt.
- [Until](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Until.en.md): Until[test, body] evaluates body and then test, repetitively, until test first gives True.
- [UpArrowBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpArrowBar.en.md): UpArrowBar[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[UpArrowBar]y\\[UpArrowBar]....
- [UpArrowDownArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpArrowDownArrow.en.md): UpArrowDownArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[UpArrowDownArrow]y\\[UpArrowDownArrow]....
- [UpArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpArrow.en.md): UpArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[UpArrow]y\\[UpArrow]TraditionalForm\\`....
- [Update](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Update.en.md): Update[symbol] tells the Wolfram Language that hidden changes have been made that could affect values associated with a symbol. Update[] specifies that the value of any symbol could be affected.
- [UpdateInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpdateInterval.en.md): UpdateInterval is an option to Refresh and Dynamic that specifies at what time interval to do updates.
- [UpdatePacletSites](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpdatePacletSites.en.md): UpdatePacletSites is an option to PacletInstall and PacletInstallSubmit that specifies whether to first update the local cache of information about available paclets.
- [UpdateSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpdateSearchIndex.en.md): UpdateSearchIndex[obj] updates the given search index object. UpdateSearchIndex[name] updates the search index with the specified name in the SearchIndices[] list.
- [UpdateSemanticSearchIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpdateSemanticSearchIndex.en.md): UpdateSemanticSearchIndex[index, source] updates the SemanticSearchIndex[...] index with the data in source. UpdateSemanticSearchIndex[index, {source1, ...}] updates the SemanticSearchIndex[...] index with the collection of sources sourcei. UpdateSemanticSearchIndex[index, {source1 -> val1, ...}] associates the new source sourcei to the value vali.
- [UpDownArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpDownArrow.en.md): UpDownArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[UpDownArrow]y\\[UpDownArrow]....
- [UpEquilibrium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpEquilibrium.en.md): UpEquilibrium[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[UpEquilibrium]y\\[UpEquilibrium]....
- [UpperCaseQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperCaseQ.en.md): UpperCaseQ[string] yields True if all the characters in the string are uppercase letters, and yields False otherwise.
- [UpperLeftArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperLeftArrow.en.md): UpperLeftArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[UpperLeftArrow] y \\[UpperLeftArrow] ....
- [UpperRightArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperRightArrow.en.md): UpperRightArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[UpperRightArrow] y \\[UpperRightArrow] ....
- [UpperTriangularize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperTriangularize.en.md): UpperTriangularize[m] gives a matrix in which all but the upper triangular elements of m are replaced with zeros. UpperTriangularize[m, k] replaces with zeros only the elements below the k^th subdiagonal of m.
- [UpperTriangularMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperTriangularMatrix.en.md): UpperTriangularMatrix[umat] converts the upper triangular matrix umat to a structured array.
- [UpperTriangularMatrixQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperTriangularMatrixQ.en.md): UpperTriangularMatrixQ[m] gives True if m is upper triangular, and False otherwise. UpperTriangularMatrixQ[m, k] gives True if m is upper triangular starting up from the k^th diagonal, and False otherwise.
- [Upsample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Upsample.en.md): Upsample[array, n] returns an upsampled version of the array by inserting n - 1 zeros between array elements. Upsample[array, n, offset] shifts array so that its first element moves to the position offset in the resulting array. Upsample[array, n, offset, val] inserts n - 1 elements of value val between array elements. Upsample[image, ...] upsamples an image.
- [UpSetDelayed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpSetDelayed.en.md): lhs ^:= rhs assigns rhs to be the delayed value of lhs, and associates the assignment with symbols that occur at level one in lhs.
- [UpSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpSet.en.md): lhs ^= rhs assigns rhs to be the value of lhs, and associates the assignment with symbols that occur at level one in lhs.
- [UpTeeArrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpTeeArrow.en.md): UpTeeArrow[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[UpTeeArrow]y\\[UpTeeArrow]....
- [UpTee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpTee.en.md): UpTee[x, y] displays as x \\[UpTee] y.
- [UpTo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpTo.en.md): UpTo[n] represents up to n objects or positions. If n objects or positions are available, all are used. If fewer are available, only those available are used.
- [UpValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpValues.en.md): UpValues[f] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all upvalues (values for g[..., f[...], ...]) defined for the symbol f. UpValues[symbol] gives a list of transformation rules corresponding to all upvalues defined for the symbol named  symbol if it exists.
- [URLBuild](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLBuild.en.md): URLBuild[path, {SubscriptBox[param, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[param, 2] -> val2, ...}] builds a URL with the specified path and query parameters and values parami and vali. URLBuild[{SubscriptBox[path, 1], SubscriptBox[path, 2], ...}] builds a URL from the path components pathi. URLBuild[path, params] builds a URL from a specification of a path and query parameters. URLBuild[assoc] builds a URL from an association of components. URLBuild[assoc, params] builds a URL from an association of ...
- [URLDecode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLDecode.en.md): URLDecode[string] decodes a URL-style percent-encoded string.
- [URLDispatcher](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLDispatcher.en.md): URLDispatcher[{patt1 :> content1, patt2 :> content2, ...}] represents a dispatcher for deployed URLs that specifies that URLs with relative paths matching the string patterns patti should give content represented by contenti.
- [URLDownload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLDownload.en.md): URLDownload[url] downloads the content of the specified URL to a local temporary file. URLDownload[{url1, url2, ...}] downloads the contents of the specified URLs to files in a local temporary directory. URLDownload[url, file] downloads to a specified file. URLDownload[{url1, url2, ...}, dir] downloads to a specified directory. URLDownload[HTTPRequest[...], ...] downloads the result of the specified HTTP request. URLDownload[{req1, req2, ...}, ...] downloads the results of the list of HTTP ...
- [URLDownloadSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLDownloadSubmit.en.md): URLDownloadSubmit[url, file] submits the specified URL to be downloaded asynchronously to the file given. URLDownloadSubmit[url, file, {SubscriptBox[param, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[param, 2] -> val2, ...}] submits the specified URL, adding elements with names parami and values vali. URLDownloadSubmit[obj, ...] submits the cloud object obj. URLDownloadSubmit[HTTPRequest[...], ...] submits the specified HTTP request.
- [URLEncode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLEncode.en.md): URLEncode[string] converts  string into a URL-style, percent-encoded ASCII string.
- [URL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URL.en.md): URL[url] is a symbolic representation of a URL.
- [URLExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLExecute.en.md): URLExecute[url] executes the specified URL, importing whatever result is generated. URLExecute[url, {SubscriptBox[param, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[param, 2] -> val2, ...}] executes the specified URL, adding elements with names parami and values vali. URLExecute[url, params, format] imports the result using the specified format. URLExecute[CloudObject[...], ...] executes a cloud object with current authentication settings. URLExecute[HTTPRequest[...], ...] executes the specified HTTP ...
- [URLExpand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLExpand.en.md): URLExpand[url] expands a shortened  url.
- [URLFetchAsynchronous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLFetchAsynchronous.en.md): As of Version 11, URLFetchAsynchronous has been superseded by URLSubmit.
- [URLFetch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLFetch.en.md): URLFetch is being phased out in favor of URLRead and URLExecute, which were introduced experimentally in Version 11.
- [URLParse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLParse.en.md): URLParse[url] takes a well-formed URL and gives an association whose values correspond to the components of the URL. URLParse[url,  component] returns only the specified component. URLParse[url, {component1, component2, ...}] returns only the specified component list.
- [URLQueryDecode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLQueryDecode.en.md): URLQueryDecode[string] decodes a URL-style query string into a list of key-value rules.
- [URLQueryEncode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLQueryEncode.en.md): URLQueryEncode[<|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>] creates a URL-style query string from an association of keys and values. URLQueryEncode[{param1 -> val1, param2 -> val1, ...}] creates a query string from a list of rules.
- [URLRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLRead.en.md): URLRead[url] sends a request to a URL and reads back the response, returning it as a response object. URLRead[assoc] sends a request to a URL built from an association of components and metadata elements. URLRead[HTTPRequest[...]] sends a request specified by a symbolic HTTPRequest object. URLRead[req, elem] returns only the element elem from the response. URLRead[req, {SubscriptBox[elem, 1], SubscriptBox[elem, 2], ...}] returns an association of the values of the elements elemi. ...
- [URLResponseTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLResponseTime.en.md): URLResponseTime[url] gives the total number of seconds to request one byte from the specified URL. URLResponseTime[url, prop] gives the specified timing.
- [URLSaveAsynchronous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLSaveAsynchronous.en.md): URLSaveAsynchronous is being phased out in favor of URLDownloadSubmit, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [URLSave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLSave.en.md): URLSave is being phased out in favor of URLDownload, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.
- [URLShorten](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLShorten.en.md): URLShorten[url] creates a shortened URL that redirects to  url. URLShorten[CloudObject[...]] creates a shortened URL that redirects to the URL for the specified cloud object.
- [URLSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/URLSubmit.en.md): URLSubmit[url] submits the specified URL to be executed asynchronously. URLSubmit[url, {SubscriptBox[param, 1] -> val1, SubscriptBox[param, 2] -> val2, ...}] submits the specified URL, adding elements with names parami and values vali. URLSubmit[obj, ...] submits the cloud object obj. URLSubmit[HTTPRequest[...], ...] submits the specified HTTP request.
- [UseEmbeddedLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UseEmbeddedLibrary.en.md): UseEmbeddedLibrary is an option of FunctionCompile that embeds a shared library in a CompiledCodeFunction.
- [UsingFrontEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UsingFrontEnd.en.md): UsingFrontEnd[expr] evaluates expr, making use of a front end if necessary.
- [UtilityFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UtilityFunction.en.md): UtilityFunction is an option for Predict, Classify, and related functions that specifies the utility value to assign to each possible pairing of actual and predicted values.
- [ValenceErrorHandling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValenceErrorHandling.en.md): ValenceErrorHandling is an option for MoleculeModify that specifies whether molecule valences should be automatically adjusted after modification.
- [ValenceFilling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValenceFilling.en.md): ValenceFilling is an option for Molecule that specifies whether to fill open valences with hydrogen atoms.
- [ValidationLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValidationLength.en.md): ValidationLength is an option to FindSequenceFunction and related functions that specifies the number of elements in the input sequence that should be used to validate a potential representation found.
- [ValidationSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValidationSet.en.md): ValidationSet is an option for Predict, Classify, NetTrain, and related functions that specifies the validation set to be used during the training phase.
- [ValueDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValueDimensions.en.md): ValueDimensions is an option to TemporalData that specifies the dimension of the value space.
- [ValuePreprocessingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValuePreprocessingFunction.en.md): ValuePreprocessingFunction is an option for functions such as PersistentSymbol and InitializationValue that specifies a function to apply to a new value that is being assigned.
- [ValueQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ValueQ.en.md): ValueQ[expr] gives True if a value has been defined for expr, and gives False otherwise.
- [Values](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Values.en.md): Values[<|key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...|>] gives a list of the values vali in an association. Values[{key1 -> val1, key2 -> val2, ...}] gives a list of the vali in a list of rules. Values[expr, h] gives a list of values in expr, wrapping each of them with head h before evaluation.
- [VandermondeMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VandermondeMatrix.en.md): VandermondeMatrix[{x1, x2, ..., xn}] gives an n*n Vandermonde matrix corresponding to the nodes xi. VandermondeMatrix[{x1, x2, ..., xn}, k] gives an n*k Vandermonde matrix. VandermondeMatrix[vmat] converts a Vandermonde matrix vmat to a structured array.
- [Variables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variables.en.md): Variables[poly] gives a list of all independent variables in a polynomial.
- [Variance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Variance.en.md): Variance[data] gives the variance estimate of the elements in data. Variance[dist] gives the variance of the distribution dist.
- [VarianceEquivalenceTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VarianceEquivalenceTest.en.md): VarianceEquivalenceTest[{data1, data2, ...}] tests whether the variances of the datai are equal. VarianceEquivalenceTest[{data1, ...},  property] returns the value of  property.
- [VarianceEstimatorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VarianceEstimatorFunction.en.md): VarianceEstimatorFunction is an option for LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit which specifies the variance estimator to use.
- [VarianceGammaDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VarianceGammaDistribution.en.md): VarianceGammaDistribution[\\[Lambda], \\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Mu]] represents a variance-gamma distribution with location parameter \\[Mu], skewness parameter \\[Beta], and shape parameters \\[Lambda] and \\[Alpha].
- [VarianceGammaPointProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VarianceGammaPointProcess.en.md): VarianceGammaPointProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Lambda], \\[Alpha], \\[Beta], d] represents a variance gamma cluster point process with density \\[Mu], cluster mean \\[Lambda] and shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta] in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^d.
- [VarianceTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VarianceTest.en.md): VarianceTest[data] tests whether the variance of the data is one. VarianceTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the variances of data1 and data2 are equal. VarianceTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]0 2] tests a dispersion measure against \\[Sigma]0 2. VarianceTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]0 2,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [VariogramFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VariogramFunction.en.md): VariogramFunction is an option to SpatialEstimate that specifies the local variation model to use.
- [VariogramModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VariogramModel.en.md): VariogramModel[model, {params}] represents the function for the variogram model specified by  model.
- [VectorAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorAngle.en.md): VectorAngle[u, v] gives the angle between the vectors u and v.
- [VectorAround](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorAround.en.md): VectorAround[{x1, x2, ...}, {\\[Delta]1, \\[Delta]2, ...}] represents a vector of uncorrelated approximate numbers or quantities with values xi and uncertainties \\[Delta]i. VectorAround[{x1, x2, ...}, {{\\[CapitalDelta]11, \\[CapitalDelta]12, \\ ...}, {\\[CapitalDelta]12, \\[CapitalDelta]22, ...}, \\ ...}] represents a vector of approximate numbers or quantities with values xi and covariance matrix \\[CapitalDelta]. VectorAround[{x1, x2}, {{\\[Delta]1, \\[Delta]2}, \\[Rho]}] represents a pair ...
- [VectorAspectRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorAspectRatio.en.md): VectorAspectRatio is an option setting for VectorPlot and related functions that determines the relative width and length of the arrow markers in the plot.
- [VectorColorFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorColorFunction.en.md): VectorColorFunction is an option for VectorPlot and related functions that specifies a function to apply to determine colors of field vectors drawn.
- [VectorColorFunctionScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorColorFunctionScaling.en.md): VectorColorFunctionScaling is an option for graphics functions which specifies whether arguments supplied to a vector color function should be scaled to lie between 0 and 1.
- [VectorDatabaseObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDatabaseObject.en.md): VectorDatabaseObject[...] represents a vector database, as created by CreateVectorDatabase. VectorDatabaseObject[name] represents the database with the specified name in the VectorDatabaseObjects[] list. VectorDatabaseObject[source] attempts to recreate a VectorDatabaseObject from source.
- [VectorDatabaseObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDatabaseObjects.en.md): VectorDatabaseObjects[] returns a list with all the known instances instances of VectorDatabaseObject. VectorDatabaseObjects[patt] returns a list of databases with the name matching the pattern patt.
- [VectorDatabaseSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDatabaseSearch.en.md): VectorDatabaseSearch[db, vector] gives the element of the vector database db nearest to vector. VectorDatabaseSearch[db, vector, n] gives the n nearest vectors. VectorDatabaseSearch[db, vector, prop] returns the property prop associated with the result. VectorDatabaseSearch[db, vector, prop, n] returns the property prop associated with the n nearest vectors. VectorDatabaseSearch[db, vector -> f, ...] filters the results using the function f.
- [VectorDensityPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDensityPlot.en.md): VectorDensityPlot[{{vx, vy}, r}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a vector plot of the vector field {vx, vy} as a function of x and y, superimposed on a density plot of the scalar field r. VectorDensityPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] takes the scalar field to be the norm of the vector field. VectorDensityPlot[{{vx, vy}, {wx, wy}, ..., r}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] plots several vector fields. VectorDensityPlot[..., {x, y} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables ...
- [VectorDisplacementPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDisplacementPlot3D.en.md): VectorDisplacementPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a displacement plot of the vector field {vx, vy, vz} as a function of x, y and z. VectorDisplacementPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] plots the displacement over the geometric region reg. VectorDisplacementPlot3D[{{vx, vy, vz}, s}, ...] uses the scalar field s to style the displacement.
- [VectorDisplacementPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDisplacementPlot.en.md): VectorDisplacementPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a displacement plot for the vector field {vx, vy} as a function of x and y. VectorDisplacementPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, y} \\[Element] reg] plots the displacement over the geometric region reg. VectorDisplacementPlot[{{vx, vy}, s}, ...] uses the scalar field s to style the displacement.
- [VectorGreater](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorGreater.en.md): x \\[VectorGreater] y or VectorGreater[{x, y}] yields True for vectors of length n if xi > yi for all components 1 <= i <= n. x \\[VectorGreater] \\[Kappa] y or VectorGreater[{x, y}, \\[Kappa]] yields True for x and y if x - y \\[Element] interior(\\[Kappa]), where \\[Kappa] is a proper convex cone.
- [VectorGreaterEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorGreaterEqual.en.md): x \\[VectorGreaterEqual] y or VectorGreaterEqual[{x, y}] yields True for vectors of length n if xi >= yi for all components 1 <= i <= n. x \\[VectorGreaterEqual] \\[Kappa] y or VectorGreaterEqual[{x, y}, \\[Kappa]] yields True for x and y if x - y \\[Element] \\[Kappa], where \\[Kappa] is a proper convex cone.
- [VectorLess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorLess.en.md): x \\[VectorLess] y or VectorLess[{x, y}] yields True for vectors of length n if xi < yi for all components 1 <= i <= n. x \\[VectorLess] \\[Kappa] y or VectorLess[{x, y}, \\[Kappa]] yields True for x and y if y - x \\[Element] interior(\\[Kappa]), where \\[Kappa] is a proper convex cone.
- [VectorLessEqual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorLessEqual.en.md): x \\[VectorLessEqual] y or VectorLessEqual[{x, y}] yields True for vectors of length n if xi <= yi for all components 1 <= i <= n. x \\[VectorLessEqual] \\[Kappa] y or VectorLessEqual[{x, y}, \\[Kappa]] yields True for x and y if y - x \\[Element] \\[Kappa], where \\[Kappa] is a proper convex cone.
- [VectorMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorMarkers.en.md): VectorMarkers is an option for graphics functions like VectorPlot, ListVectorPlot and related functions that specifies what markers to draw at the field points plotted.
- [VectorPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPlot3D.en.md): VectorPlot3D[{vx, vy, vz}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] generates a 3D vector plot of the vector field {vx, vy, vz} as a function of x, y, and z. VectorPlot3D[{field1, field2, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, {z, zmin, zmax}] plots several vector fields. VectorPlot3D[..., {x, y, z} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y, z} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [VectorPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPlot.en.md): VectorPlot[{vx, vy}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] generates a vector plot of the vector field {vx, vy} as a function of x and y. VectorPlot[{{vx, vy}, {wx, wy}, ...}, {x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}] plots several vector fields. VectorPlot[..., {x, y} \\[Element] reg] takes the variables {x, y} to be in the geometric region reg.
- [VectorPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPoints.en.md): VectorPoints is an option to VectorPlot, ListVectorPlot, and related functions that determines where to draw arrows.
- [VectorQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorQ.en.md): VectorQ[expr] gives True if expr is a list, none of whose elements are themselves lists, and gives False otherwise. VectorQ[expr, test] gives True only if test yields True when applied to each of the elements in expr.
- [VectorRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorRange.en.md): VectorRange is an option for VectorPlot and related functions that specifies the range of vector magnitudes to include in a plot.
- [VectorScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorScale.en.md): As of Version 12.1, VectorScale has been superseded by the options VectorScaling, VectorAspectRatio and VectorSizes.
- [VectorScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorScaling.en.md): VectorScaling is an option for VectorPlot and related functions that determines how the magnitudes of vectors are scaled for visualization.
- [Vectors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Vectors.en.md): Vectors[d] represents the domain of vectors of dimension d. Vectors[d, dom] represents the domain of vectors of dimension d, with components in the domain dom.
- [VectorSizes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorSizes.en.md): VectorSizes is an option for VectorPlot and related functions that specifies the range of sizes used for arrows.
- [VectorStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorStyle.en.md): VectorStyle is an option to VectorPlot, ListVectorPlot, and related functions that determines the style to use for drawing field vectors.
- [VectorSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorSymbol.en.md): VectorSymbol[v] represents a vector with name v. VectorSymbol[v, d] represents a vector of length d. VectorSymbol[v, d, dom] represents a vector with elements in the domain dom.
- [Vee](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Vee.en.md): Vee[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Vee]y\\[Vee]....
- [Verbatim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Verbatim.en.md): Verbatim[expr] represents expr in pattern matching, requiring that expr be matched exactly as it appears, with no substitutions for blanks or other transformations.
- [VerificationTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerificationTest.en.md): VerificationTest[input] runs a verification test to determine whether input evaluates to True. VerificationTest[input, expected] tests whether input evaluates to expected, without issuing messages. VerificationTest[input, expected, messages] tests whether input evaluates to expected, generating the list of message names messages.
- [VerifyConvergence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyConvergence.en.md): VerifyConvergence is an option to Sum, NSum, and similar functions that specifies whether convergence checking should be done.
- [VerifyDerivedKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyDerivedKey.en.md): VerifyDerivedKey[key, password] verifies that password matches the password used to generate the derived key.
- [VerifyDigitalSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyDigitalSignature.en.md): VerifyDigitalSignature[{expr, sig}, key] verifies the digital signature sig for expr using the specified public key. VerifyDigitalSignature[{{expr1, sig1}, {expr2, sig2}, ...}, key] verifies the digital signatures sigi for each of the expri, all using the specified public key. VerifyDigitalSignature[key] is an operator form of VerifyDigitalSignature, suitable for application to {expr, sig} or a list of such pairs.
- [VerifyFileSignature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyFileSignature.en.md): VerifyFileSignature[{ file, sig}, key] verifies the digital signature sig for file using the specified public key. VerifyFileSignature[{ file, range, sig}, key] verifies the digital signature sig for the specified range of bytes in the file. VerifyFileSignature[{{SubscriptBox[file, 1], range1, sig1}, {SubscriptBox[file, 2], range2, sig2}, ...}, key] verifies the digital signatures sigi for each of rangei of bytes in the filei, all using the specified public key. VerifyFileSignature[key] ...
- [VerifyInterpretation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyInterpretation.en.md): VerifyInterpretation is an option for TextCases, TextPosition and TextContents that verifies that results can be interpreted using Interpreter and related functions and drops those that cannot.
- [VerifyMatrixGameStrategy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyMatrixGameStrategy.en.md): VerifyMatrixGameStrategy[mgame, strat] verifies that the strategy profile strat is a Nash equilibrium for the matrix game mgame.
- [VerifySecurityCertificates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifySecurityCertificates.en.md): VerifySecurityCertificates is an option for URLRead and related functions that specifies whether to verify security certificates when making an HTTPS connection.
- [VerifySolutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifySolutions.en.md): VerifySolutions is an option to Solve and related functions that controls whether to verify solutions.
- [VerifyTestAssumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyTestAssumptions.en.md): VerifyTestAssumptions is an option to LocationTest and similar functions that controls which assumptions to verify through diagnostic tests.
- [VerifyTreeGameStrategy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerifyTreeGameStrategy.en.md): VerifyTreeGameStrategy[tgame, strat] verifies that the strategy profile strat is a subgame perfect equilibrium for the tree game tgame.
- [VersionedPreferences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VersionedPreferences.en.md): VersionedPreferences is a global front end option that specifies whether settings on $FrontEnd should be sandboxed to specific versions of the Wolfram System.
- [VertexAdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexAdd.en.md): VertexAdd[g, v] makes a graph by adding the vertex v to the graph g. VertexAdd[g, {v1, v2, ...}] adds a collection of vertices to g. VertexAdd[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexCapacity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCapacity.en.md): VertexCapacity is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies a vertex capacity.
- [VertexChromaticNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexChromaticNumber.en.md): VertexChromaticNumber[g] gives the chromatic number for the vertices of the graph g.
- [VertexColors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexColors.en.md): VertexColors is an option for graphics primitives which specifies the colors to assign to vertices.
- [VertexComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexComponent.en.md): VertexComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the vertices in the graph g that have a path to at least one of v1, v2, ... . VertexComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}, k] gives the vertices with a path to at least one of v1, v2, ... of at most length k. VertexComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}, {k}] gives the vertices at length exactly k. VertexComponent[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexConnectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexConnectivity.en.md): VertexConnectivity[g] gives the vertex connectivity of the graph g. VertexConnectivity[g, s, t] gives the s-t vertex connectivity of the graph g. VertexConnectivity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexContract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexContract.en.md): VertexContract[g, {v1, v2, ...}] contracts a collection of vertices v1, v2, ... into a single vertex of the graph g. VertexContract[g, {{v1, v2, ...}, ...}] contracts several collections of vertices. VertexContract[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexCoordinateRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCoordinateRules.en.md): As of Version 12.0, VertexCoordinateRules has been superseded by VertexCoordinates.
- [VertexCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCoordinates.en.md): VertexCoordinates is an option to Graph and related functions that specifies the coordinates to use to place the center of vertices.
- [VertexCorrelationSimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCorrelationSimilarity.en.md): VertexCorrelationSimilarity[g, u, v] gives the correlation similarity between vertices u and v of the graph g. VertexCorrelationSimilarity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexCosineSimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCosineSimilarity.en.md): VertexCosineSimilarity[g, u, v] gives the cosine similarity between vertices u and v of the graph g. VertexCosineSimilarity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCount.en.md): VertexCount[g] gives a count of the number of vertices in the graph g. VertexCount[g, patt] gives a count of the number of vertices that match the pattern patt. VertexCount[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexCoverQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexCoverQ.en.md): VertexCoverQ[g, vlist] yields True if the vertex list vlist is a vertex cover of the graph g, and False otherwise.
- [VertexDataCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexDataCoordinates.en.md): VertexDataCoordinates is an option to Raster3D that determines how to map data to the displayed range.
- [VertexDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexDegree.en.md): VertexDegree[g] gives the list of vertex degrees for all vertices in the graph g. VertexDegree[g, v] gives the vertex degree for the vertex v. VertexDegree[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexDelete.en.md): VertexDelete[g, v] makes a graph by deleting the vertex \\[Nu] and all edges connected to v from the graph g. VertexDelete[g, {v1, v2, ...}] deletes a collection of vertices from g. VertexDelete[g, patt] deletes all vertices that match the pattern patt. VertexDelete[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexDiceSimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexDiceSimilarity.en.md): VertexDiceSimilarity[g, u, v] gives the Dice similarity between vertices u and v of the graph g. VertexDiceSimilarity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexEccentricity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexEccentricity.en.md): VertexEccentricity[g, s] gives the length of the longest shortest path from the source s to every other vertex in the graph g. VertexEccentricity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexInComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexInComponent.en.md): VertexInComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}, k] gives the vertices with a directed path to at least one of v1, v2, ... of at most length k. VertexInComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}, {k}] gives the vertices at length exactly k. VertexInComponent[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexInComponentGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexInComponentGraph.en.md): VertexInComponentGraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the subgraph of the graph g generated by the vertices that have a directed path to at least one of v1, v2, .... VertexInComponentGraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}, k] gives the subgraph of g generated by vertices with a directed path of at most length k to at least one of v1, v2, .... VertexInComponentGraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}, {k}] gives the subgraph of g generated by vertices of length exactly k. VertexInComponentGraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v ...
- [VertexInDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexInDegree.en.md): VertexInDegree[g] gives the list of vertex in-degrees for all vertices in the graph g. VertexInDegree[g, v] gives the vertex in-degree for the vertex v. VertexInDegree[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexIndex.en.md): VertexIndex[g, v] gives the integer index for the vertex v in the graph g. VertexIndex[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexJaccardSimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexJaccardSimilarity.en.md): VertexJaccardSimilarity[g, u, v] gives the Jaccard similarity between vertices u and v of the graph g. VertexJaccardSimilarity[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexLabeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexLabeling.en.md): As of Version 12.0, VertexLabeling has been superseded by VertexLabels.
- [VertexLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexLabels.en.md): VertexLabels is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies what labels and label positions should be used for vertices.
- [VertexLabelStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexLabelStyle.en.md): VertexLabelStyle is an option and property for Graph and related functions that specifies the style to use for vertex labels.
- [VertexList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexList.en.md): VertexList[g] gives the list of vertices for the graph g. VertexList[g, patt] gives a list of vertices that match the pattern patt. VertexList[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexNormals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexNormals.en.md): VertexNormals is an option for graphics primitives which specifies the normal directions to assign to 3D vertices.
- [VertexOutComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexOutComponent.en.md): VertexOutComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the vertices in the graph g that have a directed path from at least one of v1, v2, .... VertexOutComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}, k] gives the vertices with a directed path from at least one of v1, v2, ... of at most length k. VertexOutComponent[g, {v1, v2, ...}, {k}] gives the vertices at length exactly k. VertexOutComponent[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexOutComponentGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexOutComponentGraph.en.md): VertexOutComponentGraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the subgraph of the graph g generated by the vertices that have a directed path from at least one of v1, v2, .... VertexOutComponentGraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}, k] gives the subgraph of g generated by vertices with a directed path of at most length k from at least one of v1, v2, .... VertexOutComponentGraph[g, {v1, v2, ...}, {k}] gives the subgraph of g generated by vertices of length exactly k. VertexOutComponentGraph[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses ...
- [VertexOutDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexOutDegree.en.md): VertexOutDegree[g] gives the list of vertex out-degrees for all vertices in the graph g. VertexOutDegree[g, v] gives the vertex out-degree for the vertex v. VertexOutDegree[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexQ.en.md): VertexQ[g, v] yields True if v is a vertex in the graph g and False otherwise.
- [VertexRenderingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexRenderingFunction.en.md): As of Version 12.0, VertexRenderingFunction has been superseded by VertexShapeFunction.
- [VertexReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexReplace.en.md): VertexReplace[g, {v1 -> w1, v2 -> w2, ...}] replaces each vertex vi in the graph g by wi. VertexReplace[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [VertexShape](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexShape.en.md): VertexShape is an option and property for Graph and related functions that specifies the graphics used for vertices.
- [VertexShapeFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexShapeFunction.en.md): VertexShapeFunction is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies a function to use to generate primitives for rendering each vertex.
- [VertexSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexSize.en.md): VertexSize is an option and property for Graph and related functions that specifies the size used for vertices.
- [VertexStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexStyle.en.md): VertexStyle is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies what style to use for vertices.
- [VertexTextureCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexTextureCoordinates.en.md): VertexTextureCoordinates is an option for graphics primitives that specifies the texture coordinates to assign to vertices.
- [VertexTransitiveGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexTransitiveGraphQ.en.md): VertexTransitiveGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a vertex-transitive graph and False otherwise.
- [VertexWeightedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexWeightedGraphQ.en.md): VertexWeightedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a vertex-weighted graph, and False otherwise.
- [VertexWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexWeight.en.md): VertexWeight is an option and annotation for Graph and related functions that specifies a vertex weight.
- [VerticalBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerticalBar.en.md): VerticalBar[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[VerticalBar] y \\[VerticalBar] ....
- [VerticalGauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerticalGauge.en.md): VerticalGauge[value] draws a linear gauge showing value in a range of 0 to 1. VerticalGauge[value, {min, max}] draws a linear gauge showing value in a range of min to max. VerticalGauge[Dynamic[value], ...] allows value to be set interactively using the gauge. VerticalGauge[{value1, value2, ...}, ...] draws a gauge showing multiple values.
- [VerticalSeparator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerticalSeparator.en.md): VerticalSeparator[x, y, ...] displays as x \\[VerticalSeparator] y \\[VerticalSeparator] ....
- [VerticalSlider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerticalSlider.en.md): VerticalSlider[y] represents a vertical slider at position y with range 0 to 1. VerticalSlider[Dynamic[y]] takes the position to be the dynamically updated current value of y, with the value of y being reset if the slider is moved. VerticalSlider[y, {ymin, ymax}] represents a vertical slider with range ymin to ymax. VerticalSlider[y, {ymin, ymax, dy}] represents a vertical slider that jumps in steps dy. VerticalSlider[y, {{e1, e2, ...}}] represents a slider in which equally spaced intervals ...
- [VerticalTilde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VerticalTilde.en.md): VerticalTilde[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[VerticalTilde]y\\[VerticalTilde]....
- [VideoCapture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoCapture.en.md): VideoCapture[] creates a temporary interactive interface for capturing a video from an imaging device. VideoCapture[Dynamic[var]] creates a non-blocking asynchronous interface to capture video and saves the result in var.
- [VideoCombine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoCombine.en.md): VideoCombine[{obj1, obj2, ...}] creates a multi-track video by combining all audio, video and subtitle tracks in all obji.
- [VideoDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoDelete.en.md): VideoDelete[video, t] deletes the first t seconds of video. VideoDelete[video, -t] deletes the last t seconds of video. VideoDelete[video, {t1, t2}] deletes from time t1 to time t2, returning the remaining video as a single Video object. VideoDelete[video, {{t11, t12}, ...}] deletes multiple time intervals.
- [VideoEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoEncoding.en.md): VideoEncoding is an option for Export and other functions that specifies the video encoding to use when creating a video file.
- [Video](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Video.en.md): Video[file] represents video stored in the given file. Video[url] represents video stored in the given URL.
- [VideoExtractFrames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoExtractFrames.en.md): VideoExtractFrames[video, t] extracts a frame at time t from video. VideoExtractFrames[video, tspec] extracts video frames at time specification tspec.
- [VideoExtractTracks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoExtractTracks.en.md): VideoExtractTracks[video] returns a list of video, audio and subtitle tracks of video. VideoExtractTracks[video,  type] returns tracks from video of a given  type. VideoExtractTracks[video, trackspec] returns tracks specified by trackspec.
- [VideoFrameFold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoFrameFold.en.md): VideoFrameFold[f, img0, video] gives a video whose frames are {f[img0, img1], f[f[img0, img1], img2], ...}, where imgi are frames of video. VideoFrameFold[f, video] assumes the first frame to be the initial frame. VideoFrameFold[f, img0, video, n] uses partitions of n frames of the video for each step. VideoFrameFold[f, img0, video, n, d] uses partitions of n frames with offset of d frames for each step.
- [VideoFrameList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoFrameList.en.md): VideoFrameList[video, n] gives a list of n images extracted from video. VideoFrameList[video, spec] gives a list of frames extracted based on spec.
- [VideoFrameMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoFrameMap.en.md): VideoFrameMap[f, video] applies f to each frame of the Video object video, returning a new Video object. VideoFrameMap[f, video, n] applies f to overlapping partitions of n video frames. VideoFrameMap[f, video, n, d] applies f to partitions with offset d. VideoFrameMap[f, {video1, video2, ...}, ...] applies f to a list of inputs extracted from each videoi.
- [VideoGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoGenerator.en.md): VideoGenerator[imagespec] generates a video with frames generated from imagespec. VideoGenerator[<|Image -> imagespec, Audio -> audiospec|>] returns a video with audio data generated from audioexpr. VideoGenerator[..., dur] generates a video of duration dur.
- [VideoInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoInsert.en.md): VideoInsert[video, t -> new] inserts the video new at time t. VideoInsert[video, {t1, t2, ...} -> new] inserts the same video at multiple positions. VideoInsert[video, {t1 -> new1, ...}] inserts multiple videos at different positions.
- [VideoIntervals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoIntervals.en.md): VideoIntervals[video, crit] returns time intervals of video for which the criterion crit is satisfied. VideoIntervals[video, crit, n] evaluates criterion crit on partitions of n video frames. VideoIntervals[video, crit, n, d] evaluates crit on partitions with offset d. VideoIntervals[{video1, video2, ...}, crit, ...] applies crit to a list of inputs extracted from each videoi.
- [VideoJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoJoin.en.md): VideoJoin[video1, video2, ...] concatenates all videoi and returns a video object.
- [VideoMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoMap.en.md): VideoMap[f, video] applies f to partial video and audio data corresponding to one frame of video, returning a new video. VideoMap[f, video, n] applies f to data corresponding to overlapping partitions of n video frames. VideoMap[f, video, n, d] applies f to partitions with offset d. VideoMap[f, {video1, video2, ...}, ...] applies f to a list of inputs extracted from each videoi.
- [VideoMapList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoMapList.en.md): VideoMapList[f, video] applies f to a chunk of data corresponding to one frame from the Video object video, returning a list of results. VideoMapList[f, video, n] applies f to overlapping partitions corresponding to n video frames. VideoMapList[f, video, n, d] applies f to partitions with offset d. VideoMapList[f, {video1, video2, ...}, ...] applies f to a list of inputs extracted from each videoi.
- [VideoMapTimeSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoMapTimeSeries.en.md): VideoMapTimeSeries[f, video] applies f to each frame of the Video object video, returning a time series. VideoMapTimeSeries[f, video, n] applies f to overlapping partitions of n video frames. VideoMapTimeSeries[f, video, n, d] applies f to partitions with offset d. VideoMapTimeSeries[f, {video1, video2, ...}, ...] applies f to a list of inputs extracted from each videoi.
- [VideoObjectTracking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoObjectTracking.en.md): VideoObjectTracking[video] detects objects of interest in video and tracks them over video frames. VideoObjectTracking[objects] corresponds to and tracks objects, assuming they are from video frames. VideoObjectTracking[... -> detector] uses detector to find objects of interest in the input.
- [VideoPadding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoPadding.en.md): VideoPadding is an option for GridVideo and other video functions to specify how to pad video frames when input videos have different durations.
- [VideoPause](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoPause.en.md): VideoPause[] pauses the playback of all VideoStream objects. VideoPause[vstream] pauses the playback of the VideoStream object vstream.
- [VideoPlay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoPlay.en.md): VideoPlay[video] returns a new VideoStream object from video and starts the playback. VideoPlay[vstream] starts playing a VideoStream object vstream.
- [VideoQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoQ.en.md): VideoQ[video] yields True if video has the form of a valid Video object, and False otherwise.
- [VideoRecord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoRecord.en.md): VideoRecord[source] creates a VideoStream object and records from source. VideoRecord[vstream] starts recording a VideoStream object vstream that is connected to an imaging device, a screen or a notebook.
- [VideoReplace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoReplace.en.md): VideoReplace[video, {t1, t2} -> new] replaces the video between t1 and t2 with the new video new. VideoReplace[video, {{t11, t12}, ...} -> new] replaces multiple intervals with the same video new. VideoReplace[video, {{t11, t12} -> new1, ...}] replaces multiple intervals. VideoReplace[video, ..., durfitting] uses the specified durfitting method to replace an interval of a different duration.
- [VideoScreenCapture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoScreenCapture.en.md): VideoScreenCapture[] creates a temporary interactive interface for capturing from the main screen into a video. VideoScreenCapture[source] captures from a screen or part of a screen specified by source. VideoScreenCapture[Dynamic[var]] creates a non-blocking asynchronous interface to capture video and saves the result in var. VideoScreenCapture[Dynamic[var], source] captures asynchronously from the specified source.
- [VideoSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoSplit.en.md): VideoSplit[video, t] splits video at time t. VideoSplit[video, {t1, t2, ...}] splits video at times ti.
- [VideoStabilize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoStabilize.en.md): VideoStabilize[video] returns a video in which the scene is stabilized.
- [VideoStop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoStop.en.md): VideoStop[] stops the playback of all VideoStream objects. VideoStop[vstream] stops the playback of the VideoStream object vstream.
- [VideoStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoStream.en.md): VideoStream[source] creates a new VideoStream object from source. VideoStream[id] is an object that represents a unique video stream.
- [VideoStreams](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoStreams.en.md): VideoStreams[] returns all existing video streams.
- [VideoSummaryPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoSummaryPlot.en.md): VideoSummaryPlot[video] plots a summary of video and audio tracks of video. VideoSummaryPlot[video, layout] lays out the video frames according to the provided layout.
- [VideoTimeSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTimeSeries.en.md): As of Version 12.2, VideoTimeSeries has been superseded by VideoMapTimeSeries.
- [VideoTimeStretch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTimeStretch.en.md): VideoTimeStretch[video, spec] applies time stretching to video using the specified spec.
- [VideoTrackSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTrackSelection.en.md): VideoTrackSelection is an option that specifies the video tracks of interest.
- [VideoTracks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTracks.en.md): As of Version 12.2, VideoTracks has been superseded by VideoTrackSelection.
- [VideoTranscode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTranscode.en.md): VideoTranscode[video,  format] converts video to the specified format. VideoTranscode[video, service] converts video to the specification recommended by the specified service. VideoTranscode[{v1, v2, ...}, ...] converts all vi videos to have conforming properties with respect to the given specification.
- [VideoTranscribe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTranscribe.en.md): VideoTranscribe[video] recognizes speech in an audio track and adds it to video as a subtitle track.
- [VideoTransparency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTransparency.en.md): VideoTransparency is an option that specifies whether to create a video with a transparency channel.
- [VideoTrim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VideoTrim.en.md): VideoTrim[video, t] returns the first t seconds of video. VideoTrim[video, -t] returns the last t seconds of video. VideoTrim[video, {t1, t2}] returns video starting at time t1 and ending at time t2 of video. VideoTrim[video, {{t11, t12}, ...}] returns a list of video objects for all given intervals {t i1, t i2}.
- [ViewAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewAngle.en.md): ViewAngle is an option for Graphics3D and related functions that gives the opening angle for a simulated camera used to view the three-dimensional scene.
- [ViewCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewCenter.en.md): ViewCenter is an option for Graphics3D and related functions which gives the scaled coordinates of the point which should appear at the center of the final image.
- [ViewMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewMatrix.en.md): ViewMatrix is an option for Graphics3D and related functions that can be used to specify a pair of explicit homogeneous transformation and projection matrices for 3D coordinates.
- [ViewPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewPoint.en.md): ViewPoint is an option for Graphics3D and related functions which gives the point in space from which three-dimensional objects are to be viewed.
- [ViewProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewProjection.en.md): ViewProjection is an option for three-dimensional graphics that specifies the projection to use for the graphic.
- [ViewRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewRange.en.md): ViewRange is an option for Graphics3D and related functions which specifies the range of distances from the view point to be included in displaying a three-dimensional scene.
- [ViewVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewVector.en.md): ViewVector is an option for Graphics3D and related functions which specifies the position and direction of a simulated camera used to view three-dimensional objects.
- [ViewVertical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ViewVertical.en.md): ViewVertical is an option for Graphics3D and related functions which specifies what direction in scaled coordinates should be vertical in the final image.
- [Visible](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Visible.en.md): Visible is a notebook option which specifies whether the notebook should be explicitly displayed on the screen.
- [VoiceStyleData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VoiceStyleData.en.md): VoiceStyleData[] gives the list of available voices for speech synthesis. VoiceStyleData[voice] returns all properties for the specified voice. VoiceStyleData[voice, prop] returns the specified property prop for voice.
- [VoigtDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VoigtDistribution.en.md): VoigtDistribution[\\[Delta], \\[Sigma]] represents Voigt distribution with parameters \\[Delta] and \\[Sigma].
- [VolcanoData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VolcanoData.en.md): VolcanoData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the volcano entity. VolcanoData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified volcano entities. VolcanoData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Volume.en.md): Volume[reg] gives the volume of the three-dimensional region reg. Volume[{x1, ..., xn}, {s, smin, smax}, {t, tmin, tmax}, {u, umin, umax}] gives the volume of the parametrized region whose Cartesian coordinates xi are functions of s, t, u. Volume[{x1, ..., xn}, {s, smin, smax}, {t, tmin, tmax}, {u, umin, umax}, chart] interprets the xi as coordinates in the specified coordinate chart.
- [VonMisesDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VonMisesDistribution.en.md): VonMisesDistribution[\\[Mu], \\[Kappa]] represents a von Mises distribution with mean \\[Mu] and concentration \\[Kappa].
- [VonMisesStress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VonMisesStress.en.md): VonMisesStress[vars, pars, stress] yields the von Mises stress from stress.
- [VoronoiMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VoronoiMesh.en.md): VoronoiMesh[{p1, ..., pn}] gives a MeshRegion representing the Voronoi mesh from the points p1, p2, .... VoronoiMesh[{p1, ..., pn}, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] clips the mesh to the bounds [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis].
- [WaitAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitAll.en.md): WaitAll[expr] waits for all concurrent evaluations represented by EvaluationObject expressions in expr to finish, then returns the resulting expression obtained.
- [WaitAsynchronousTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitAsynchronousTask.en.md): WaitAsynchronousTask is being phased out in favor of TaskWait, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [WaitNext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitNext.en.md): WaitNext[{eid1, eid2, ...}] waits until the first evaluation represented by any of the eidi finishes, then returns its result, the corresponding eidi, and the list of remaining eidk. WaitNext[{eid1, eid2, ...}, h] wraps the head h around the result before returning it.
- [WakebyDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WakebyDistribution.en.md): WakebyDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Gamma], \\[Delta], \\[Mu]] represents Wakeby distribution with shape parameters \\[Beta] and \\[Delta], scale parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Gamma], and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [WalleniusHypergeometricDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WalleniusHypergeometricDistribution.en.md): WalleniusHypergeometricDistribution[n, nsucc, ntot, w] represents a Wallenius noncentral hypergeometric distribution.
- [WaringYuleDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaringYuleDistribution.en.md): WaringYuleDistribution[\\[Alpha]] represents the Yule distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha]. WaringYuleDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents the Waring distribution with shape parameters \\[Alpha] and \\[Beta].
- [WarpingCorrespondence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WarpingCorrespondence.en.md): WarpingCorrespondence[s1, s2] gives the time warping (DTW) similarity path between sequences s1 and s2. WarpingCorrespondence[s1, s2, win] uses a window specified by win for local search.
- [WarpingDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WarpingDistance.en.md): WarpingDistance[s1, s2] gives the dynamic time warping (DTW) distance between sequences s1 and s2. WarpingDistance[s1, s2, win] uses a window specified by win for local search.
- [WatershedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WatershedComponents.en.md): WatershedComponents[image] computes the watershed transform of image, returning the result as an array in which positive integers label the catchment basins. WatershedComponents[image, marker] uses a binary image marker to indicate regions where basins may be created. WatershedComponents[video, ...] computes watershed segmentation on frames of video.
- [WatsonUSquareTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WatsonUSquareTest.en.md): WatsonUSquareTest[data] tests whether data is normally distributed using the Watson U^2 test. WatsonUSquareTest[data, dist] tests whether data is distributed according to dist using the Watson U^2 test. WatsonUSquareTest[data, dist,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [WattsStrogatzGraphDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WattsStrogatzGraphDistribution.en.md): WattsStrogatzGraphDistribution[n, p] represents the Watts-Strogatz graph distribution for n-vertex graphs with rewiring probability p. WattsStrogatzGraphDistribution[n, p, k] represents the Watts-Strogatz graph distribution for n-vertex graphs with rewiring probability p starting from a 2 k-regular graph.
- [WaveletBestBasis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletBestBasis.en.md): WaveletBestBasis[dwd] computes a best basis representation in the DiscreteWaveletData object dwd. WaveletBestBasis[dwd, cspec] computes a best basis representation using the cost specification cspec.
- [WaveletFilterCoefficients](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletFilterCoefficients.en.md): WaveletFilterCoefficients[wave, filt] gives the filter coefficients for the symbolic wavelet wave of type filt.
- [WaveletImagePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletImagePlot.en.md): WaveletImagePlot[dwd] plots the basis tree of wavelet image coefficients in the DiscreteWaveletData dwd. WaveletImagePlot[dwd, r] plots coefficients up to refinement level r. WaveletImagePlot[dwd, r, ifunc] applies the image function ifunc to coefficients and wavelet indexes before plotting.
- [WaveletListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletListPlot.en.md): WaveletListPlot[dwd] plots wavelet transform coefficients in the DiscreteWaveletData dwd. WaveletListPlot[dwd, wind] plots wavelet transform coefficients corresponding to the wavelet index specification wind. WaveletListPlot[dwd, wind, func] applies func to coefficients before plotting. WaveletListPlot[{dwd1, dwd2, ...}, ...] plots wavelet transform coefficients from several DiscreteWaveletData objects dwd1, dwd2, ....
- [WaveletMapIndexed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletMapIndexed.en.md): WaveletMapIndexed[f, wd] applies the function f to the arrays of coefficients and indices of a ContinuousWaveletData or DiscreteWaveletData object. WaveletMapIndexed[f, dwd, wind] applies f to the DiscreteWaveletData coefficients specified by wind. WaveletMapIndexed[f, cwd, octvoc] applies f to the ContinuousWaveletData coefficients specified by octvoc.
- [WaveletMatrixPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletMatrixPlot.en.md): WaveletMatrixPlot[dwd] plots the basis tree of wavelet matrix coefficients in the DiscreteWaveletData dwd. WaveletMatrixPlot[dwd, r] plots coefficients up to refinement level r. WaveletMatrixPlot[dwd, r, func] applies func to coefficients before plotting.
- [WaveletPhi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletPhi.en.md): WaveletPhi[wave, x] gives the scaling function \\[Phi](x) for the symbolic wavelet wave evaluated at x. WaveletPhi[wave] gives the scaling function as a pure function.
- [WaveletPsi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletPsi.en.md): WaveletPsi[wave, x] gives the wavelet function \\[Psi](x) for the symbolic wavelet wave evaluated at x. WaveletPsi[wave] gives the wavelet function as a pure function.
- [WaveletScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletScale.en.md): WaveletScale is an option for ContinuousWaveletTransform and related constructs used to specify the smallest resolvable scale.
- [WaveletScalogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletScalogram.en.md): WaveletScalogram[wd] plots wavelet vector coefficients in a DiscreteWaveletData or ContinuousWaveletData object wd. WaveletScalogram[wd, wind] plots wavelet coefficients corresponding to the wavelet index specification wind. WaveletScalogram[wd, wind, func] applies func to coefficients before plotting.
- [WaveletThreshold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaveletThreshold.en.md): WaveletThreshold[dwd] thresholds the detail wavelet coefficients in the DiscreteWaveletData object dwd. WaveletThreshold[dwd, tspec] thresholds the coefficients using the thresholding specification tspec. WaveletThreshold[dwd, tspec, wind] thresholds the wavelet coefficients given by the wavelet indices wind.
- [WavePDEComponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WavePDEComponent.en.md): WavePDEComponent[vars, pars] yields a wave equation PDE term \\[PartialD]u^2/\\[PartialD]t^2 - c^2 \\[Del]^2 {Subscript[x, 1], ..., Subscript[x, n]} u with model variables vars and model parameters pars.
- [WeaklyConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeaklyConnectedComponents.en.md): WeaklyConnectedComponents[g] gives the weakly connected components of the graph g. WeaklyConnectedComponents[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the weakly connected components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, .... WeaklyConnectedComponents[g, patt] gives the connected components that include a vertex that matches the pattern patt. WeaklyConnectedComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [WeaklyConnectedGraphComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeaklyConnectedGraphComponents.en.md): WeaklyConnectedGraphComponents[g] gives the weakly connected components of the graph g. WeaklyConnectedGraphComponents[g, {v1, v2, ...}] gives the weakly connected components that include at least one of the vertices v1, v2, ... . WeaklyConnectedGraphComponents[g, patt] gives the connected components that include a vertex that matches the pattern patt. WeaklyConnectedGraphComponents[{v -> w, ...}, ...] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [WeaklyConnectedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeaklyConnectedGraphQ.en.md): WeaklyConnectedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is weakly connected, and False otherwise.
- [WeakStationarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeakStationarity.en.md): WeakStationarity[proc] gives conditions for the process proc to be weakly stationary.
- [WeatherData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeatherData.en.md): WeatherData[loc,  property] gives the most recent measurement for the specified weather property at the location corresponding to loc. WeatherData[loc,  property, date] gives all measurements during the specified date. WeatherData[loc,  property, {start, end}] gives a list of dates and measurements for the time interval start to end. WeatherData[loc,  property, {start, end, step}] gives measurements aggregated over the time period represented by step.
- [WeatherForecastData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeatherForecastData.en.md): WeatherForecastData[loc] gives the most recent forecast for all weather forecast properties for the specified location. WeatherForecastData[prop] gives the forecast for the specified property for the current location. WeatherForecastData[date] gives the forecast at the time or times specified by date for all properties at the current location. WeatherForecastData[loc, prop] gives the forecast for the property at the specified location. WeatherForecastData[loc, prop, datespec] gives the ...
- [WebColumn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebColumn.en.md): WebColumn[{expr 1, expr 2, ...}] represents an HTML column containing the expri. WebColumn[expr, options] displays with expr formatted using the specified option settings.
- [WebElementObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebElementObject.en.md): WebElementObject[...] represents an element of an open webpage operated on by WebExecute.
- [WeberE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeberE.en.md): WeberE[\\[Nu], z] gives the Weber function \\[Nu]. WeberE[\\[Nu], \\[Mu], z] gives the associated Weber function WeberE[\\[Nu],\\[Mu],z].
- [WebExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebExecute.en.md): WebExecute[cmd] executes the command cmd in a web browser. WebExecute[{cmd1, cmd2, ...}] executes a list of commands in sequence. WebExecute[session, cmds] executes cmds in the specified web session.
- [WebImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebImage.en.md): WebImage[url] gives an image of the webpage specified by url. WebImage[list] gives images specified by URLs in list.
- [WebImageSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebImageSearch.en.md): WebImageSearch[string] gives a list of thumbnails of the top web image search results for the specified literal string. WebImageSearch[form] gives the top results obtained by doing the web image search specified by form. WebImageSearch[form, n] picks out the first n top results obtained by doing the web image search specified by form. WebImageSearch[form, elems] gives the elements of the web image search specified by elems. WebImageSearch[form, elems, n] picks out the first n elements of the ...
- [WebItem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebItem.en.md): WebItem[expr] represents an HTML element containing expr. WebItem[expr, options] represents an HTML element formatted using the specified option settings. WebItem[XMLElement[expr, ...], options] represents an XMLElement formatted using options.
- [WebRow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebRow.en.md): WebRow[{expr 1, expr 2, ...}] represents an HTML row containing the expri. WebRow[expr, options] displays with expr formatted using the specified option settings.
- [WebSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebSearch.en.md): WebSearch[string] gives a dataset of the top web search results for the specified literal string. WebSearch[form] gives the top results obtained by doing the web search specified by form. WebSearch[form, elems] gives the elements of the web search specified by elems.
- [WebSessionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebSessionObject.en.md): WebSessionObject[...] represents a web browser session started by StartWebSession for use with WebExecute.
- [WebSessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebSessions.en.md): WebSessions[] gives the list of all active web sessions.
- [WebWindowObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WebWindowObject.en.md): WebWindowObject[...] represents an open window or tab in a web browser.
- [Wedge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Wedge.en.md): Wedge[x, y, ...] displays as x\\[Wedge]y\\[Wedge]....
- [Wednesday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Wednesday.en.md): Wednesday is a day of the week.
- [WeibullDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeibullDistribution.en.md): WeibullDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta]] represents a Weibull distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha] and scale parameter \\[Beta]. WeibullDistribution[\\[Alpha], \\[Beta], \\[Mu]] represents a Weibull distribution with shape parameter \\[Alpha], scale parameter \\[Beta], and location parameter \\[Mu].
- [WeierstrassE1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassE1.en.md): WeierstrassE1[{g2, g3}] gives the value e1 of the Weierstrass elliptic function \\[WeierstrassP] at the half-period g2.
- [WeierstrassE2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassE2.en.md): WeierstrassE2[{g2, g3}] gives the value e2 of the Weierstrass elliptic function \\[WeierstrassP] at the half-period g2.
- [WeierstrassE3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassE3.en.md): WeierstrassE3[{g2, g3}] gives the value e3 of the Weierstrass elliptic function \\[WeierstrassP] at the half-period g2.
- [WeierstrassEta1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassEta1.en.md): WeierstrassEta1[{g2, g3}] gives the value \\[Eta]1 of the Weierstrass zeta function \\[Zeta] at the half-period g2.
- [WeierstrassEta2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassEta2.en.md): WeierstrassEta2[{g2, g3}] gives the value \\[Eta]2 of the Weierstrass zeta function \\[Zeta] at the half-period g2.
- [WeierstrassEta3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassEta3.en.md): WeierstrassEta3[{g2, g3}] gives the value \\[Eta]3 of the Weierstrass zeta function \\[Zeta] at the half-period g2.
- [WeierstrassHalfPeriods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassHalfPeriods.en.md): WeierstrassHalfPeriods[{g2, g3}] gives the half-periods {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]3} for Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the invariants {g2, g3}.
- [WeierstrassHalfPeriodW1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassHalfPeriodW1.en.md): WeierstrassHalfPeriodW1[{g2, g3}] gives the half-period \\[Omega]1 for Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the invariants {g2, g3}.
- [WeierstrassHalfPeriodW2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassHalfPeriodW2.en.md): WeierstrassHalfPeriodW2[{g2, g3}] gives the half-period \\[Omega]2 for the Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the invariants {g2, g3}.
- [WeierstrassHalfPeriodW3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassHalfPeriodW3.en.md): WeierstrassHalfPeriodW3[{g2, g3}] gives the half-period \\[Omega]3 for the Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the invariants {g2, g3}.
- [WeierstrassInvariantG2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassInvariantG2.en.md): WeierstrassInvariantG2[{\\[Omega], \\[Omega]^\\[Prime]}] gives the invariant g2 for the Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the half-periods {\\[Omega], \\[Omega]^\\[Prime]}.
- [WeierstrassInvariantG3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassInvariantG3.en.md): WeierstrassInvariantG3[{\\[Omega], \\[Omega]^\\[Prime]}] gives the invariant g3 for the Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the half-periods {\\[Omega], \\[Omega]^\\[Prime]}.
- [WeierstrassInvariants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassInvariants.en.md): WeierstrassInvariants[{\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]3}] gives the invariants {g2, g3} for Weierstrass elliptic functions corresponding to the half-periods {\\[Omega]1, \\[Omega]3}.
- [WeierstrassP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassP.en.md): WeierstrassP[u, {g2, g3}] gives the Weierstrass elliptic function WeierstrassP[u, {g2, g3}].
- [WeierstrassPPrime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassPPrime.en.md): WeierstrassPPrime[u, {g2, g3}] gives the derivative of the Weierstrass elliptic function \\[WeierstrassP] (u; g2, g3).
- [WeierstrassSigma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassSigma.en.md): WeierstrassSigma[u, {g2, g3}] gives the Weierstrass sigma function WeierstrassSigma[u, {g2, g3}].
- [WeierstrassZeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeierstrassZeta.en.md): WeierstrassZeta[u, {g2, g3}] gives the Weierstrass zeta function WeierstrassZeta[u, {g2, g3}].
- [WeightedAdjacencyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeightedAdjacencyGraph.en.md): WeightedAdjacencyGraph[wmat] gives the graph with weighted adjacency matrix wmat. WeightedAdjacencyGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, wmat] gives the graph with vertices vi and weighted adjacency matrix wmat. WeightedAdjacencyGraph[{v1, v2, ...}, wmat, val] gives the graph in which unconnected edges are taken to have weight value val.
- [WeightedAdjacencyMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeightedAdjacencyMatrix.en.md): WeightedAdjacencyMatrix[g] gives the adjacency matrix of edge weights of the graph g. WeightedAdjacencyMatrix[{v -> w, ...}] uses rules v -> w to specify the graph g.
- [WeightedData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeightedData.en.md): WeightedData[{x1, x2, ...}, {w1, w2, ...}] represents observations xi with weights wi. WeightedData[{x1, x2, ...}, fn] represents observations xi with weighting function fn.
- [WeightedGraphQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeightedGraphQ.en.md): WeightedGraphQ[g] yields True if the graph g is a weighted graph and False otherwise.
- [Weights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Weights.en.md): Weights is an option for various fitting and other functions which specifies weights to associate with data elements.
- [WelchWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WelchWindow.en.md): WelchWindow[x] represents a Welch window function of x. WelchWindow[x, \\[Alpha]] uses the parameter \\[Alpha].
- [WeylAlgebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeylAlgebra.en.md): WeylAlgebra[{vars, dvars}] gives the Weyl algebra with variables vars and the corresponding derivatives represented by dvars. WeylAlgebra[{vars, dvars}, alg] takes the operation names and monomial order settings from the non-commutative algebra alg.
- [WheelGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WheelGraph.en.md): WheelGraph[n] gives the wheel graph with n vertices Wn.
- [WhenEvent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WhenEvent.en.md): WhenEvent[event, action] specifies an action that occurs when the event triggers it for equations in NDSolve and related functions.
- [Which](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Which.en.md): Which[test1, value1, test2, value2, ...] evaluates each of the testi in turn, returning the value of the valuei corresponding to the first one that yields True.
- [While](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/While.en.md): While[test, body] evaluates test, then body, repetitively, until test first fails to give True.
- [White](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/White.en.md): White represents the color white in graphics or style specifications.
- [WhiteNoiseProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WhiteNoiseProcess.en.md): WhiteNoiseProcess[] represents a Gaussian white noise process with mean 0 and standard deviation 1. WhiteNoiseProcess[\\[Sigma]] represents a Gaussian white noise process with mean 0 and standard deviation \\[Sigma]. WhiteNoiseProcess[dist] represents a white noise process based on the distribution dist.
- [WhitePoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WhitePoint.en.md): WhitePoint is an option for ColorConvert, ChromaticityPlot and other functions to specify the white point.
- [WhitespaceCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WhitespaceCharacter.en.md): WhitespaceCharacter represents a single whitespace character in StringExpression.
- [Whitespace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Whitespace.en.md): Whitespace represents a sequence of whitespace characters in StringExpression.
- [WhittakerM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WhittakerM.en.md): WhittakerM[k, m, z] gives the Whittaker function WhittakerM[k,m,z].
- [WhittakerW](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WhittakerW.en.md): WhittakerW[k, m, z] gives the Whittaker function WhittakerW[k,m,z].
- [WholeCellGroupOpener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WholeCellGroupOpener.en.md): WholeCellGroupOpener is an option for cells that controls whether clicking the cell toggles the cell group state.
- [WienerFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WienerFilter.en.md): WienerFilter[data, r] removes noise from data by applying a range-r Wiener filter. WienerFilter[data, r, ns] assumes an additive noise power value ns. WienerFilter[data, {r1, r2, ...}, ...] uses radius ri at level i in data.
- [WienerProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WienerProcess.en.md): WienerProcess[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] represents a Wiener process with a drift \\[Mu] and volatility \\[Sigma]. WienerProcess[] represents a standard Wiener process with drift 0 and volatility 1.
- [WignerD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WignerD.en.md): WignerD[{j, m1, m2}, \\[Psi], \\[Theta], \\[Phi]] gives the Wigner D-function D_m1^m2, j(\\[Psi], \\[Theta], \\[Phi]). WignerD[{j, m1, m2}, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]] gives the Wigner D-function D_m1^m2, j(0, \\[Theta], \\[Phi]). WignerD[{j, m1, m2}, \\[Theta]] gives the Wigner D-function D_m1^m2, j(0, \\[Theta], 0).
- [WignerSemicircleDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WignerSemicircleDistribution.en.md): WignerSemicircleDistribution[r] represents a Wigner semicircle distribution with radius r centered at the origin. WignerSemicircleDistribution[a, r] represents a Wigner semicircle distribution with radius r centered at a.
- [WikidataData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WikidataData.en.md): WikidataData[item, property] gives the values of the specified property for the given item. WikidataData[{item1, item2, ...}, property] gives values for each of the itemi. WikidataData[item, {property1, property2, ...}] gives values for each of the propertyi. WikidataData[items, properties] gives values for each of the properties for each of the items.
- [WikidataSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WikidataSearch.en.md): WikidataSearch[keywords] returns a list of Wikidata items whose labels include the given keywords. WikidataSearch[type ->  keywords] returns a list of Wikidata identifiers of the specified type.
- [WikipediaData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WikipediaData.en.md): WikipediaData[article] gives the plain text of the specified Wikipedia article. WikipediaData[{article1, article2, ...}] gives the texts for each of the articles. WikipediaData[article, property, options] gives the value of the specified property, modified by optional parameters, for the given Wikipedia article. WikipediaData[Category -> category, property, options] gives the value of the specified property, modified by optional parameters, for the given Wikipedia category. ...
- [WikipediaSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WikipediaSearch.en.md): WikipediaSearch[keywords] returns a list of Wikipedia articles whose titles include the given keywords. WikipediaSearch[Title -> keywords, options] returns a list of Wikipedia articles whose titles include the given keywords. WikipediaSearch[Category -> keywords, options] returns a list of Wikipedia categories whose titles include the given keywords. WikipediaSearch[Content -> keywords] returns a list of Wikipedia articles whose content includes the given keywords. ...
- [WilksW](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WilksW.en.md): WilksW[m1, m2] gives Wilks's \\[ScriptCapitalW] for the matrices m1 and m2.
- [WilksWTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WilksWTest.en.md): WilksWTest[m1, m2] tests whether the matrices m1 and m2 are independent. WilksWTest[...,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [WindDirectionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindDirectionData.en.md): WindDirectionData[] gives the most recent measurement for wind direction near the current location. WindDirectionData[datespec] gives the wind direction value for the specified time near the current location. WindDirectionData[locationspec] gives the most recent measurement for wind direction near the specified location. WindDirectionData[locationspec, datespec] gives the value or values for the specified date and location. WindDirectionData[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives ...
- [WindingCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindingCount.en.md): WindingCount[contour, p] gives the count of the number of times a closed curve winds around a point p.
- [WindingPolygon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindingPolygon.en.md): WindingPolygon[{p1, p2, ..., pn}] gives a polygon representing all points for which the closed contour p1, p2, ..., pn, p1 winds around at least once. WindingPolygon[{{p11, p12, ...}, {p21, p22, ...}, ...}] gives a polygon from the closed contours p11, p12, ... and p21, p22, .... WindingPolygon[...,  wrule] uses the specified winding rule  wrule to define the polygon.
- [WindowClickSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowClickSelect.en.md): WindowClickSelect is a notebook option that specifies whether the window for the notebook should become selected if you click it.
- [WindowElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowElements.en.md): WindowElements is a notebook option that specifies the elements to include in the window used to display the notebook on the screen.
- [WindowFloating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowFloating.en.md): As of Version 13.3, WindowFloating is no longer supported, as many operating systems constrain whether or not a window floats to its window frame. See WindowFrame for window frame types.
- [WindowFrameElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowFrameElements.en.md): WindowFrameElements is an option for notebooks that specifies the elements to include in the frame of the window used to display the notebook on the screen.
- [WindowFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowFrame.en.md): WindowFrame is a notebook option that specifies the type of frame to draw around the window in which the notebook is displayed on the screen.
- [WindowMargins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowMargins.en.md): WindowMargins is a notebook option that specifies what margins to leave around the window that is used to display the notebook on the screen.
- [WindowMovable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowMovable.en.md): As of Version 11.3, WindowMovable is obsolete.
- [WindowOpacity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowOpacity.en.md): WindowOpacity is a notebook option that determines the overall opacity of a displayed window.
- [WindowSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowSize.en.md): WindowSize is a notebook option that specifies the size of window that should be used to display a notebook on the screen.
- [WindowStatusArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowStatusArea.en.md): WindowStatusArea is a notebook option that specifies what should appear in the status area in the frame of the window used to display the notebook.
- [WindowTitle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowTitle.en.md): WindowTitle is an option that specifies the title to give for a window.
- [WindowToolbars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindowToolbars.en.md): WindowToolbars is a notebook option that specifies the toolbars to include at the top of the window used to display the notebook on the screen.
- [WindSpeedData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindSpeedData.en.md): WindSpeedData[] gives the most recent measurement for wind speed near the current location. WindSpeedData[datespec] gives the wind speed value for the specified time near the current location. WindSpeedData[locationspec] gives the most recent measurement for wind speed near the specified location. WindSpeedData[locationspec, datespec] gives the value or values for the specified date and location. WindSpeedData[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives values for all specified ...
- [WindVectorData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WindVectorData.en.md): WindVectorData[] gives the most recent weather station measurement for wind vector near the current location. WindVectorData[datespec] gives the wind vector value for the specified time near the current location. WindVectorData[locationspec] gives the most recent measurement for wind vector near the specified location. WindVectorData[locationspec, datespec] gives the value or values for the specified date and location. WindVectorData[{{location1, date1}, {location2, date2}, ...}] gives values ...
- [WinsorizedMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WinsorizedMean.en.md): WinsorizedMean[list, f] gives the mean of the elements in list after replacing the fraction f of the smallest and largest elements by the remaining extreme values. WinsorizedMean[list, {f1, f2}] gives the mean when the fraction f1 of the smallest elements and the fraction f2 of the largest elements are replaced by the remaining extreme values. WinsorizedMean[list] gives the 5% winsorized mean WinsorizedMean[list, 0.05]. WinsorizedMean[dist, ...] gives the winsorized mean of a univariate ...
- [WinsorizedVariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WinsorizedVariance.en.md): WinsorizedVariance[list, f] gives the variance of the elements in list after replacing the fraction f of the smallest and largest elements by the remaining extreme values. WinsorizedVariance[list, {f1, f2}] gives the variance when the fraction f1 of the smallest elements and the fraction f2 of the largest elements are replaced by the remaining extreme values. WinsorizedVariance[list] gives the 5% winsorized variance WinsorizedVariance[list, 0.05]. WinsorizedVariance[dist, ...] gives the ...
- [WishartMatrixDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WishartMatrixDistribution.en.md): WishartMatrixDistribution[\\[Nu], \\[CapitalSigma]] represents a Wishart matrix distribution with \\[Nu] degrees of freedom and covariance matrix \\[CapitalSigma].
- [WithCleanup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WithCleanup.en.md): WithCleanup[expr, cleanup] evaluates expr, running cleanup before returning the result, even if an abort, throw, etc. was generated during the evaluation of expr. WithCleanup[init, expr, cleanup] evaluates init before evaluating expr, blocking aborts, throws, etc. in both init and cleanup.
- [With](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/With.en.md): With[{x = x0, y = y0, ...}, expr] specifies that all occurrences of the symbols x, y, ... in expr should be replaced by x0, y0, .... With[{a1 = ..., a2 = ...}, {b1 = ...}, ..., \\ expr] replaces the ai followed by the bi etc. in such a way that the values of the bi can depend on the ai etc.
- [WithLock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WithLock.en.md): WithLock[File[path], expr] locks the file path, evaluates expr, then releases the file. WithLock[LocalSymbol[name], expr] locks the local symbol name, evaluates expr, then releases the local symbol. WithLock[var, expr] locks the shared variable var, evaluates expr, then releases the shared variable.
- [WolframAlpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WolframAlpha.en.md): WolframAlpha[query] sends query to Wolfram|Alpha and imports the output. WolframAlpha[query, format] imports the output according to the specified format.
- [WolframLanguageData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WolframLanguageData.en.md): WolframLanguageData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the Wolfram Language symbol entity. WolframLanguageData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified Wolfram Language symbol entities. WolframLanguageData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [WordBoundary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordBoundary.en.md): WordBoundary represents a boundary between words for purposes of matching in StringExpression.
- [WordCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordCharacter.en.md): WordCharacter represents a letter or digit character in StringExpression.
- [WordCloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordCloud.en.md): WordCloud[{s1, s2, ...}] generates a word cloud graphic in which the si are sized according to their multiplicity in the list. WordCloud[{w1 -> s1, ...}] generates a word cloud in which the si are sized according to the weights wi. WordCloud[<|s1 -> w1, ...|>] also generates a word cloud in which the si are sized according to the weights wi. WordCloud[{w1, w2, ...} -> {s1, s2, ...}] also generates a word cloud in which the si are sized according to the weights wi. ...
- [WordCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordCount.en.md): WordCount[string] gives the total number of words in string.
- [WordCounts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordCounts.en.md): WordCounts[string] gives an association whose keys are the distinct words identified in string, and whose values give the number of times those words appear in string. WordCounts[string, n] gives counts of the distinct n-grams consisting of runs of n words in string. WordCounts[{SubscriptBox[string, 1], SubscriptBox[string, 2], ...}, ...] gives the counts for each of the stringi.
- [WordData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordData.en.md): WordData[word,  property] gives the specified property for the English word  word. WordData[word] gives a list of full word specifications representing possible uses and senses of  word. WordData[wordspec,  property] gives a property for a particular word specification.
- [WordDefinition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordDefinition.en.md): WordDefinition[word] gives the dictionary definitions available for  word.
- [Word](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Word.en.md): Word represents a word in Read, Find, and related functions.
- [WordFrequencyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordFrequencyData.en.md): WordFrequencyData[word] gives the frequency of word in typical published English text. WordFrequencyData[{word1, word2, ...}] gives an association of frequencies of the wordi. WordFrequencyData[word, TimeSeries] gives a time series for the frequency of word in typical published English text. WordFrequencyData[word, TimeSeries, datespec] gives a time series for dates specified by datespec. WordFrequencyData[word,  prop] gives property prop of the word frequency.
- [WordFrequency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordFrequency.en.md): WordFrequency[text, word] gives the frequency of word in text. WordFrequency[text, {word1, word2, ...}] gives an association of the frequencies of each of the wordi.
- [WordList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordList.en.md): WordList[] gives a list of common words. WordList[type] gives a list of words of the specified type.
- [WordOrientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordOrientation.en.md): WordOrientation is an option for WordCloud that specifies the orientations in which words appear.
- [WordSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordSearch.en.md): WordSearch is an option for Find and FindList that specifies whether the text searched for must appear as a word.
- [WordSelectionFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordSelectionFunction.en.md): WordSelectionFunction is an option for WordCloud and other functions that specifies which words to use.
- [WordSeparators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordSeparators.en.md): WordSeparators is an option for Read, Find, and related functions that specifies the list of strings to be taken as delimiters for words.
- [WordSpacings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordSpacings.en.md): WordSpacings is an option for WordCloud that specifies the empty space to be added around each word.
- [WordStem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordStem.en.md): WordStem[word] gives a stemmed form of word, removing plurals, inflections, etc.
- [WordTranslation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WordTranslation.en.md): WordTranslation[word, lang] gives translations for word into the language lang. WordTranslation[word, lang1 -> lang2] gives translations for word from lang1 to lang2.
- [WorkingPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WorkingPrecision.en.md): WorkingPrecision is an option for various numerical operations that specifies how many digits of precision should be maintained in internal computations.
- [WrapAround](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WrapAround.en.md): WrapAround is an option for NotebookFind that specifies whether the find operation should continue past the bottom or top of a document.
- [Write](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Write.en.md): Write[channel, expr1, expr2, ...] writes the expressions expri in sequence, followed by a newline, to the specified output channel.
- [WriteLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WriteLine.en.md): WriteLine[file,  string] writes  string to a file, followed by a newline. WriteLine[stream,  string] writes  string, followed by a newline, to the specified output stream. WriteLine[proc,  string] writes  string to an external process proc.
- [WriteString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WriteString.en.md): WriteString[file,  string] writes  string to a file. WriteString[channel,  string] writes  string to a stream or process. WriteString[channel, expr1, expr2, ...] converts the expri to strings, and then writes them in sequence to the specified output channel.
- [Wronskian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Wronskian.en.md): Wronskian[{y1, y2, ...}, x] gives the Wronskian determinant for the functions y1, y2, ... depending on x. Wronskian[eqn, y, x] gives the Wronskian determinant for the basis of the solutions of the linear differential equation eqn with dependent variable y and independent variable x. Wronskian[eqns, {y1, y2, ...}, x] gives the Wronskian determinant for the system of linear differential equations eqns.
- [XMLElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/XMLElement.en.md): XMLElement[tag, {attr1 -> val1, ...}, {data1, ...}] represents an element in symbolic XML.
- [XMLObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/XMLObject.en.md): XMLObject[type] represents the head of an XML object in symbolic XML.
- [XMLTemplate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/XMLTemplate.en.md): XMLTemplate[string] yields a TemplateObject that represents an XML template to be applied using functions like TemplateApply. XMLTemplate[src] uses File[...], URL[...], or CloudObject[...] as the source for the string template. XMLTemplate[form, args] yields a TemplateObject with arguments, suitable for cloud deployment or other evaluation.
- [Xnor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Xnor.en.md): Xnor[e1, e2, ...] is the logical XNOR (not XOR) function. It gives True if an even number of the ei are True, and the rest are False. It gives False if an odd number of the ei are True, and the rest are False.
- [Xor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Xor.en.md): Xor[e1, e2, ...] is the logical XOR (exclusive OR) function. It gives True if an odd number of the ei are True, and the rest are False. It gives False if an even number of the ei are True, and the rest are False.
- [XYZColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/XYZColor.en.md): XYZColor[x, y, z] represents a color in the XYZ color space with tristimulus values x, y and z. XYZColor[x, y, z, a] specifies opacity a. XYZColor[string] returns a color from an HTML color name etc. XYZColor[color] returns the XYZ representation of color.
- [Yellow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Yellow.en.md): Yellow represents the color yellow in graphics or style specifications.
- [Yesterday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Yesterday.en.md): Yesterday gives a DateObject representing the previous day.
- [YuleDissimilarity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/YuleDissimilarity.en.md): YuleDissimilarity[u, v] gives the Yule dissimilarity between Boolean vectors u and v.
- [ZernikeR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZernikeR.en.md): ZernikeR[n, m, r] gives the radial Zernike polynomial ZernikeR[n,m,r].
- [ZeroSymmetric](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZeroSymmetric.en.md): ZeroSymmetric[{s1, ..., sn}] represents the symmetry of a zero tensor in the slots si.
- [ZeroTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZeroTest.en.md): ZeroTest is an option to various linear algebra functions that gives a function to use in testing whether symbolic expressions should be treated as zero.
- [ZeroWidthTimes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZeroWidthTimes.en.md): ZeroWidthTimes is an option for selections that specifies whether blank spaces representing multiplication are explicitly shown.
- [Zeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Zeta.en.md): Zeta[s] gives the Riemann zeta function Zeta[s]. Zeta[s, a] gives the generalized Riemann zeta function s.
- [ZetaZero](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZetaZero.en.md): ZetaZero[k] represents the k^th zero of the Riemann zeta function on the critical line. ZetaZero[k, t] represents the k^th zero with imaginary part greater than t.
- [ZIPCodeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZIPCodeData.en.md): ZIPCodeData[entity, property] gives the value of the specified property for the ZIP code entity. ZIPCodeData[{entity1, entity2, ...}, property] gives a list of property values for the specified ZIP code entities. ZIPCodeData[entity, property, annotation] gives the specified annotation associated with the given property.
- [ZipfDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZipfDistribution.en.md): ZipfDistribution[\\[Rho]] represents a zeta distribution with parameter \\[Rho]. ZipfDistribution[n, \\[Rho]] represents a Zipf distribution with range n.
- [ZoomCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZoomCenter.en.md): ZoomCenter is an option for DynamicImage that specifies the position of a zoom window within an image.
- [ZoomFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZoomFactor.en.md): ZoomFactor is an option for DynamicImage that specifies the magnification factor of a zoom.
- [ZTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZTest.en.md): ZTest[data] tests whether the mean of the data is zero. ZTest[{data1, data2}] tests whether the means of data1 and data2 are equal. ZTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]^2] tests for zero or equal means assuming a population variance \\[Sigma]^2. ZTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]^2, \\[Mu]0] tests the mean against \\[Mu]0. ZTest[dspec, \\[Sigma]^2, \\[Mu]0,  property] returns the value of  property.
- [ZTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZTransform.en.md): ZTransform[expr, n, z] gives the Z transform of expr. ZTransform[expr, {n1, ..., nm}, {z1, ..., z m}] gives the multidimensional Z transform of expr.
- [$Aborted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Aborted.en.md): $Aborted is a special symbol that is returned as the result from a calculation that has been aborted.
- [$ActivationKey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ActivationKey.en.md): $ActivationKey is a string that gives the activation key under which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$AllowDataUpdates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AllowDataUpdates.en.md): $AllowDataUpdates controls whether the Wolfram System is allowed to automatically update certain types of content.
- [$AllowExternalChannelFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AllowExternalChannelFunctions.en.md): $AllowExternalChannelFunctions specifies whether to allow interaction with channels that contain functions that might be executed in your session in response to events on the channel.
- [$AllowInternet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AllowInternet.en.md): $AllowInternet controls whether the Wolfram System is allowed to access the internet.
- [$AssertFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AssertFunction.en.md): $AssertFunction specifies a function to apply to assertions that fail.
- [$Assumptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Assumptions.en.md): $Assumptions is the default setting for the Assumptions option used in such functions as Simplify, Refine, and Integrate.
- [$AsynchronousTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AsynchronousTask.en.md): $AsynchronousTask is being phased out in favor of $CurrentTask, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [$AudioDecoders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AudioDecoders.en.md): $AudioDecoders gives the list of audio decoders available for each video container.
- [$AudioEncoders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AudioEncoders.en.md): $AudioEncoders gives the list of audio encoders available for each video container.
- [$AudioInputDevices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AudioInputDevices.en.md): $AudioInputDevices gives the list of available audio input devices.
- [$AudioOutputDevices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$AudioOutputDevices.en.md): $AudioOutputDevices gives the list of available audio output devices.
- [$BaseDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$BaseDirectory.en.md): $BaseDirectory gives the base directory in which systemwide files to be loaded by the Wolfram System are conventionally placed.
- [$BasePacletsDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$BasePacletsDirectory.en.md): $BasePacletsDirectory gives the base directory that the Wolfram System uses to find paclets that can be seen by all users on the system.
- [$BatchInput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$BatchInput.en.md): $BatchInput is True if input in the current session is being fed directly to the Wolfram Language kernel in batch mode.
- [$BatchOutput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$BatchOutput.en.md): $BatchOutput is True if output in the current session is being sent in batch mode, suitable for reading by other programs.
- [$BlockchainBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$BlockchainBase.en.md): $BlockchainBase gives the name of the default blockchain to be used for blockchain computations.
- [$ByteOrdering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ByteOrdering.en.md): $ByteOrdering gives the native ordering of bytes in binary data on your computer system.
- [$CacheBaseDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CacheBaseDirectory.en.md): $CacheBaseDirectory is the directory on your local file system used for storing cache data.
- [$Canceled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Canceled.en.md): $Canceled is a symbol returned when notebook input is canceled, for example from a dialog box.
- [$ChannelBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ChannelBase.en.md): $ChannelBase gives the base URL of the server to use for brokering channel communications.
- [$CharacterEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CharacterEncoding.en.md): $CharacterEncoding specifies the default raw character encoding to use for input and output functions.
- [$CharacterEncodings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CharacterEncodings.en.md): $CharacterEncodings gives the list of character encodings that can be used.
- [$CloudAccountName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudAccountName.en.md): $CloudAccountName gives the name assigned to the cloud account of a currently logged-in user or the user who owns a cloud object containing the code used for the current evaluation.
- [$CloudBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudBase.en.md): $CloudBase gives the base URI of the server to use for cloud operations.
- [$CloudConnected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudConnected.en.md): $CloudConnected gives True if an authenticated connection to the Wolfram Cloud has been set up, and False otherwise.
- [$CloudCreditsAvailable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudCreditsAvailable.en.md): $CloudCreditsAvailable gives the total number of cloud credits currently available in the cloud account being used.
- [$CloudEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudEvaluation.en.md): $CloudEvaluation gives True if the current evaluation is occurring in the cloud, and False otherwise.
- [$CloudExpressionBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudExpressionBase.en.md): $CloudExpressionBase gives the base URI used for storing cloud expressions.
- [$CloudObjectNameFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudObjectNameFormat.en.md): $CloudObjectNameFormat is the default setting used for the CloudObjectNameFormat option when constructing a CloudObject.
- [$CloudObjectURLType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudObjectURLType.en.md): $CloudObjectURLType is the default setting for the CloudObjectURLType option when constructing a CloudObject.
- [$CloudRootDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudRootDirectory.en.md): $CloudRootDirectory is the cloud object corresponding to the root directory for the file structure in which the current user's cloud objects are stored.
- [$CloudSymbolBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudSymbolBase.en.md): $CloudSymbolBase gives the base for storing the values of CloudSymbol objects.
- [$CloudUserID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudUserID.en.md): $CloudUserID gives the cloud user ID of a currently logged-in user, or the user who owns a cloud object containing the code used for the current evaluation.
- [$CloudUserUUID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudUserUUID.en.md): $CloudUserUUID gives the cloud UUID of a currently logged-in user, or the user who owns a cloud object containing the code used for the current evaluation.
- [$CloudVersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CloudVersion.en.md): $CloudVersion gives the version of the currently connected cloud server.
- [$CommandLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CommandLine.en.md): $CommandLine is a list of strings giving the elements of the original operating system command line with which the current instantiation of the Wolfram Language was invoked.
- [$CompilationTarget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CompilationTarget.en.md): $CompilationTarget gives the default value for the option CompilationTarget of Compile.
- [$CompilerEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CompilerEnvironment.en.md): $CompilerEnvironment is the collection of definitions typically used by FunctionCompile and related functions.
- [$ConfiguredKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ConfiguredKernels.en.md): $ConfiguredKernels is the list of kernels that are configured to be selected for remote or parallel computing.
- [$ContextAliases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ContextAliases.en.md): $ContextAliases is a global variable that gives an association with mappings from aliases to contexts.
- [$Context](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Context.en.md): $Context is a global variable that gives the current context.
- [$ContextPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ContextPath.en.md): $ContextPath is a global variable that gives a list of contexts to search, before $Context, in trying to find a symbol that has been entered.
- [$ControlActiveSetting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ControlActiveSetting.en.md): $ControlActiveSetting is a symbol whose value is True if it is evaluated while a control is active, or in certain other previewing situations.
- [$Cookies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Cookies.en.md): $Cookies is a global variable that contains a list of cookies to be used by functions such as URLExecute.
- [$CookieStore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CookieStore.en.md): $CookieStore gives the location at which to store information on persistent cookies to be used by URLRead and related functions.
- [$CreationDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CreationDate.en.md): $CreationDate gives the date at which the particular release of the Wolfram Language kernel you are running was created.
- [$CryptographicEllipticCurveNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CryptographicEllipticCurveNames.en.md): $CryptographicEllipticCurveNames gives a list of the elliptic curves supported for key generation and digital signatures.
- [$CurrentLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CurrentLink.en.md): $CurrentLink is the LinkObject representing the WSTP connection for an external program currently being installed or being called.
- [$CurrentTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CurrentTask.en.md): $CurrentTask gives the TaskObject[...] corresponding to the task in which it is being evaluated.
- [$CurrentWebSession](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$CurrentWebSession.en.md): $CurrentWebSession gives the currently active web session used by WebExecute.
- [$DataStructures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DataStructures.en.md): $DataStructures gives a list of the currently available data structure types for the CreateDataStructure function.
- [$DateStringFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DateStringFormat.en.md): $DateStringFormat gives the default format to use for date strings generated by DateString.
- [$DefaultAudioInputDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultAudioInputDevice.en.md): $DefaultAudioInputDevice gives the name of the default audio input device attached to the computer.
- [$DefaultAudioOutputDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultAudioOutputDevice.en.md): $DefaultAudioOutputDevice gives the name of the default audio output device attached to the computer.
- [$DefaultFont](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultFont.en.md): As of Version 3, $DefaultFont has been superseded by settings in notebook stylesheets, and as of Version 6 by options such as BaseStyle.
- [$DefaultFrontEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultFrontEnd.en.md): $DefaultFrontEnd is a global symbol that can be queried for the factory-default front end option values.
- [$DefaultImagingDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultImagingDevice.en.md): $DefaultImagingDevice gives the name of the default imaging device attached to the computer.
- [$DefaultKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultKernels.en.md): As of Version 13.3, $DefaultKernels has been superseded by $DefaultParallelKernels.
- [$DefaultLocalBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultLocalBase.en.md): $DefaultLocalBase gives the default base directory to use for local object storage.
- [$DefaultLocalKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultLocalKernel.en.md): $DefaultLocalKernel gives the kernel configuration corresponding to the default kernel to be used by LocalEvaluate.
- [$DefaultNetworkInterface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultNetworkInterface.en.md): $DefaultNetworkInterface gives the default network interface used on your machine.
- [$DefaultParallelKernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultParallelKernels.en.md): $DefaultParallelKernels is the list of kernels that are configured for parallel computing.
- [$DefaultProxyRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultProxyRules.en.md): $DefaultProxyRules gives the proxy settings used by the Wolfram System when accessing the network. $DefaultProxyRules[prop] = value sets the value of a proxy setting.
- [$DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment.en.md): $DefaultRemoteBatchSubmissionEnvironment gives the default environment to which remote batch jobs will be submitted.
- [$DefaultRemoteKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultRemoteKernel.en.md): $DefaultRemoteKernel gives the kernel configuration corresponding to the default remote kernel to be used by RemoteEvaluate.
- [$DefaultSystemCredentialStore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DefaultSystemCredentialStore.en.md): $DefaultSystemCredentialStore gives the default credential store settings.
- [$Display](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Display.en.md): $Display gives a list of files and pipes to be used with the default $DisplayFunction.
- [$DisplayFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DisplayFunction.en.md): $DisplayFunction gives the default setting for the option DisplayFunction in graphics functions.
- [$DistributedContexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DistributedContexts.en.md): $DistributedContexts is the default value of the DistributedContexts option of functions such as ParallelTable and ParallelMap.
- [$DistributedDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DistributedDefinitions.en.md): $DistributedDefinitions gives the list of all symbols whose definitions have been distributed to parallel kernels.
- [$DynamicEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$DynamicEvaluation.en.md): $DynamicEvaluation is a symbol whose value is True if it is evaluated as part of the evaluation of a Dynamic.
- [$Echo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Echo.en.md): $Echo gives a list of files and pipes to which all input is echoed.
- [$EmbedCodeEnvironments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$EmbedCodeEnvironments.en.md): $EmbedCodeEnvironments gives a list of environments currently supported by EmbedCode in your Wolfram Language session.
- [$EmbeddableServices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$EmbeddableServices.en.md): $EmbeddableServices gives a list of external embeddable services that can be accessed through EmbeddedService.
- [$EntityStores](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$EntityStores.en.md): As of Version 11.3, $EntityStores has been superseded by the functions EntityRegister, EntityStores and EntityUnregister.
- [$Epilog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Epilog.en.md): $Epilog is a symbol whose value, if any, is evaluated when a dialog or a Wolfram System session is terminated.
- [$EvaluationCloudBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$EvaluationCloudBase.en.md): $EvaluationCloudBase gives the base URI of the cloud server on which the current evaluation is being done.
- [$EvaluationCloudObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$EvaluationCloudObject.en.md): $EvaluationCloudObject gives the cloud object containing the code currently being executed.
- [$EvaluationEnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$EvaluationEnvironment.en.md): $EvaluationEnvironment gives a string indicating the type of local or cloud environment in which the current Wolfram Language evaluation is being performed.
- [$ExportFormats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ExportFormats.en.md): $ExportFormats gives a list of export formats currently supported in your Wolfram Language session.
- [$ExternalIdentifierTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ExternalIdentifierTypes.en.md): $ExternalIdentifierTypes gives a list of types available to ExternalIdentifier.
- [$ExternalStorageBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ExternalStorageBase.en.md): $ExternalStorageBase gives the name of the default external storage service to be used for external storage operations.
- [$Failed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Failed.en.md): $Failed is a special symbol returned by certain functions when they cannot do what they were asked to do.
- [$FontFamilies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$FontFamilies.en.md): $FontFamilies gives the list of the font families available to the Wolfram System.
- [$FormatType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$FormatType.en.md): As of Version 6.0, $FormatType has been superseded by explicit settings for FormatType in Graphics and related functions.
- [$FrontEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$FrontEnd.en.md): $FrontEnd is a global variable that specifies to what front end object, if any, the kernel is currently connected.
- [$FrontEndSession](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$FrontEndSession.en.md): $FrontEndSession is a global symbol that represents the current session of the front end from which the kernel is being run.
- [$GeneratedAssetLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$GeneratedAssetLocation.en.md): $GeneratedAssetLocation gives the default setting for GeneratedAssetLocation.
- [$GeoLocationCity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$GeoLocationCity.en.md): $GeoLocationCity gives the city entity for the current setting for $GeoLocation.
- [$GeoLocationCountry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$GeoLocationCountry.en.md): $GeoLocationCountry gives the country entity for the current setting for $GeoLocation.
- [$GeoLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$GeoLocation.en.md): $GeoLocation is a settable global variable that specifies the default geodetic location to use.
- [$GeoLocationSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$GeoLocationSource.en.md): $GeoLocationSource is a string giving the source of the current geodetic location.
- [$HistoryLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$HistoryLength.en.md): $HistoryLength specifies the number of previous lines of input and output to keep in a Wolfram System session.
- [$HomeDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$HomeDirectory.en.md): $HomeDirectory gives your home directory.
- [$HTTPCookies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$HTTPCookies.en.md): As of Version 11, $HTTPCookies has been superseded by $Cookies and $CookieStore.
- [$IgnoreEOF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$IgnoreEOF.en.md): $IgnoreEOF specifies whether the Wolfram System should terminate when it receives an end-of-file character as input.
- [$ImageFormattingWidth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ImageFormattingWidth.en.md): $ImageFormattingWidth gives the default target width at which to wrap when formatting objects.
- [$ImageResolution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ImageResolution.en.md): $ImageResolution gives the default image resolution to use when rasterizing to create images.
- [$ImagingDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ImagingDevice.en.md): $ImagingDevice gives the name of the imaging device used to capture images.
- [$ImagingDevices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ImagingDevices.en.md): $ImagingDevices gives a list of available imaging devices.
- [$ImportFormats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ImportFormats.en.md): $ImportFormats gives a list of import formats currently supported in your Wolfram Language session.
- [$IncomingMailSettings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$IncomingMailSettings.en.md): $IncomingMailSettings gives the default settings used by MailServerConnect to connect to an incoming mail server.
- [$InitialDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InitialDirectory.en.md): $InitialDirectory gives the initial directory when the current Wolfram System session was started.
- [$InitializationContexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InitializationContexts.en.md): $InitializationContexts is a symbol whose value, if any, specifies a list of packages to read with Needs at the start of a Wolfram Language session.
- [$Initialization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Initialization.en.md): $Initialization is a symbol whose value, if any, is evaluated with ReleaseHold[$Initialization] at the start of a Wolfram Language session.
- [$Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Input.en.md): $Input is a global variable whose value is the name of the stream from which input to the Wolfram Language is currently being sought.
- [$InputFileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InputFileName.en.md): $InputFileName is a global variable whose value is the absolute file name of the input file from which input to the Wolfram Language is currently being sought.
- [$InputStreamMethods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InputStreamMethods.en.md): $InputStreamMethods gives the list of input stream methods that can be used.
- [$Inspector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Inspector.en.md): $Inspector is a global variable which gives a function to apply when the inspector is invoked from an interrupt menu.
- [$InstallationDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InstallationDate.en.md): As of Version 6.0, $InstallationDate is no longer supported in typical computer system configurations.
- [$InstallationDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InstallationDirectory.en.md): $InstallationDirectory gives the top-level directory in which your Wolfram System installation resides.
- [$InterpreterTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$InterpreterTypes.en.md): $InterpreterTypes gives a list of the currently available types for the Interpreter function.
- [$IterationLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$IterationLimit.en.md): $IterationLimit gives the maximum length of evaluation chain used in trying to evaluate any expression.
- [$KernelCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$KernelCount.en.md): $KernelCount gives the number of subkernels available for parallel computations.
- [$KernelID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$KernelID.en.md): $KernelID is a unique ID number assigned to each running parallel kernel.
- [$Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Language.en.md): $Language is a settable global variable that specifies the default language used by the Wolfram System.
- [$LibraryPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LibraryPath.en.md): $LibraryPath gives the default list of directories to search in attempting to find a library.
- [$LicenseExpirationDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LicenseExpirationDate.en.md): $LicenseExpirationDate gives the expiration date for the license under which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$LicenseID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LicenseID.en.md): $LicenseID is a string that gives the license ID under which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$LicenseServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LicenseServer.en.md): $LicenseServer is a string that gives the name of the license server that is currently authorizing the Wolfram System to be run.
- [$Line](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Line.en.md): $Line is a global variable that specifies the number of the current input line.
- [$Linked](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Linked.en.md): $Linked is True if the Wolfram Language kernel is being run through WSTP.
- [$LLMEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LLMEvaluator.en.md): $LLMEvaluator is the default LLMConfiguration used by functions such as LLMSynthesize.
- [$LocalBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LocalBase.en.md): $LocalBase gives the base directory to use for local object storage.
- [$LocalSymbolBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$LocalSymbolBase.en.md): $LocalSymbolBase gives the base directory for storing values of LocalSymbol objects.
- [$MachineAddresses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineAddresses.en.md): $MachineAddresses gives a list of strings specifying the current IP addresses associated with the computer on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$MachineDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineDomain.en.md): As of Version 6.0, $MachineDomain has been superseded by $MachineDomains.
- [$MachineDomains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineDomains.en.md): $MachineDomains is a list of strings giving the names of the current network domains associated with the computer on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$MachineEpsilon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineEpsilon.en.md): $MachineEpsilon gives the difference between 1.0 and the next-nearest number representable as a machine-precision number.
- [$MachineID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineID.en.md): $MachineID is a string that gives, if possible, a unique identification code for the computer on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$MachineName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineName.en.md): $MachineName is a string that gives the assigned name of the computer on which the Wolfram System is being run, if such a name is defined.
- [$MachinePrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachinePrecision.en.md): $MachinePrecision gives the number of decimal digits of precision used for machine-precision numbers.
- [$MachineType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MachineType.en.md): $MachineType is a string giving the general type of computer on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$MaxDisplayedChildren](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxDisplayedChildren.en.md): $MaxDisplayedChildren is a global variable whose value specifies the maximum number of children that should be displayed in Tree objects.
- [$MaxExtraPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxExtraPrecision.en.md): $MaxExtraPrecision gives the maximum number of extra digits of precision to be used in functions such as N.
- [$MaxMachineNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxMachineNumber.en.md): $MaxMachineNumber is the largest machine-precision number that can be used on a particular computer system.
- [$MaxNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxNumber.en.md): $MaxNumber gives the maximum arbitrary-precision number that can be represented on a particular computer system.
- [$MaxPiecewiseCases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxPiecewiseCases.en.md): $MaxPiecewiseCases gives the maximum number of cases to allow in explicit Piecewise objects generated by expanding any single piecewise function.
- [$MaxPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxPrecision.en.md): $MaxPrecision gives the maximum number of digits of precision to be allowed in arbitrary-precision numbers.
- [$MaxRootDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MaxRootDegree.en.md): $MaxRootDegree specifies the maximum degree of polynomial to allow in Root objects.
- [$MessageGroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MessageGroups.en.md): $MessageGroups is the list of rules that gives named message groups used in functions like On and Quiet.
- [$MessageList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MessageList.en.md): $MessageList is a global variable that gives a list of the names of messages generated during the evaluation of the current input line.
- [$MessagePrePrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MessagePrePrint.en.md): $MessagePrePrint is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to expressions before they are included in the text of messages.
- [$Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Messages.en.md): $Messages gives the list of files and pipes to which message output is sent.
- [$MinMachineNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MinMachineNumber.en.md): $MinMachineNumber is the smallest positive machine-precision number that can be represented in normalized form on your computer system.
- [$MinNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MinNumber.en.md): $MinNumber gives the minimum positive arbitrary-precision number that can be represented on a particular computer system.
- [$MinPrecision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MinPrecision.en.md): $MinPrecision gives the minimum number of digits of precision to be allowed in arbitrary-precision numbers.
- [$MobilePhone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MobilePhone.en.md): $MobilePhone gives the verified mobile phone number associated with the current user account.
- [$ModuleNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ModuleNumber.en.md): $ModuleNumber gives the current serial number to be used for local variables that are created.
- [$NetEvaluator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NetEvaluator.en.md): $NetEvaluator is a settable global variable that specifies the default net evaluation method.
- [$NetworkConnected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NetworkConnected.en.md): $NetworkConnected gives True if your computer has a network interface that is active and capable of sending and receiving IP traffic, and False otherwise.
- [$NetworkInterfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NetworkInterfaces.en.md): $NetworkInterfaces gives the list of network interfaces available on your machine.
- [$NewMessage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NewMessage.en.md): $NewMessage is a global variable that, if set, is applied to the symbol name and tag of messages that are requested but have not yet been defined.
- [$NewSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NewSymbol.en.md): $NewSymbol is a global variable which, if set, is applied to the name and context of each new symbol that the Wolfram Language creates.
- [$NotebookInlineStorageLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NotebookInlineStorageLimit.en.md): $NotebookInlineStorageLimit specifies the maximum size in bytes of expressions that will be stored in displayed summary boxes, datasets and other compact outputs.
- [$Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Notebooks.en.md): $Notebooks is True if the Wolfram System is being used with a notebook-based front end.
- [$NoValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NoValue.en.md): $NoValue is a special value that can be assigned to an InitializationValue[...] object to indicate that the symbol referenced by the initialization value should be initialized with no value.
- [$NumberMarks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$NumberMarks.en.md): $NumberMarks gives the default value for the option NumberMarks, which specifies whether ` marks should be included in the input form representations of approximate numbers.
- [$OperatingSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$OperatingSystem.en.md): $OperatingSystem is a string giving the type of operating system under which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Output.en.md): $Output gives the list of files and pipes to which standard output from the Wolfram Language is sent.
- [$OutputSizeLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$OutputSizeLimit.en.md): $OutputSizeLimit specifies the maximum size in bytes of expressions that will automatically be output in their entirety in a Wolfram System notebook.
- [$OutputStreamMethods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$OutputStreamMethods.en.md): $OutputStreamMethods gives the list of output stream methods that can be used.
- [$Packages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Packages.en.md): $Packages gives a list of the contexts corresponding to all packages that have been loaded in your current Wolfram System session.
- [$ParentLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ParentLink.en.md): $ParentLink is the WSTP LinkObject currently used for input and output by the Wolfram Language kernel in a particular session.
- [$ParentProcessID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ParentProcessID.en.md): $ParentProcessID gives the ID assigned to the process which invokes the Wolfram Language kernel by the operating system under which it is run.
- [$PasswordFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PasswordFile.en.md): $PasswordFile is a string giving the password file used when the kernel was started.
- [$Path](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Path.en.md): $Path gives the default list of directories to search in attempting to find an external file.
- [$PathnameSeparator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PathnameSeparator.en.md): $PathnameSeparator is a string used as a separator when full file and directory names are constructed.
- [$PerformanceGoal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PerformanceGoal.en.md): $PerformanceGoal gives the default setting for the option PerformanceGoal for graphics and other algorithmic functions.
- [$Permissions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Permissions.en.md): $Permissions is the default setting used for the Permissions option when cloud objects are created.
- [$PersistenceBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PersistenceBase.en.md): $PersistenceBase gives the default persistence location at which to store new values assigned to PersistentSymbol objects.
- [$PersistencePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PersistencePath.en.md): $PersistencePath gives the default list of persistence locations at which to look for values assigned to PersistentSymbol objects.
- [$PlotInteractivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PlotInteractivity.en.md): $PlotInteractivity gives the default setting for the option PlotInteractivity for graphics functions.
- [$PlotTheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PlotTheme.en.md): $PlotTheme gives the default setting for the option PlotTheme for graphics functions.
- [$Post](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Post.en.md): $Post is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to every output expression.
- [$Pre](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Pre.en.md): $Pre is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to every input expression.
- [$PreInitialization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PreInitialization.en.md): $PreInitialization is a symbol whose value, if any, is evaluated with ReleaseHold[$PreInitialization] before any other initializations in a Wolfram Language session.
- [$PrePrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PrePrint.en.md): $PrePrint is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to every expression before it is printed.
- [$PreRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PreRead.en.md): $PreRead is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to the text or box form of every input expression before it is fed to the Wolfram Language.
- [$Printout3DPreviewer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Printout3DPreviewer.en.md): $Printout3DPreviewer gives the default setting for the option Printout3DPreviewer in 3D printing functions.
- [$ProcessID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ProcessID.en.md): $ProcessID gives the ID assigned to the Wolfram Language kernel process by the operating system under which it is run.
- [$ProcessorCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ProcessorCount.en.md): $ProcessorCount gives the number of processor cores available on the computer system on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$ProcessorType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ProcessorType.en.md): $ProcessorType is a string giving the architecture of the processor on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$ProductInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ProductInformation.en.md): As of Version 6.0, $ProductInformation has been superseded by SystemInformation.
- [$ProgramName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ProgramName.en.md): As of Version 12.0, $ProgramName has been superseded by SystemInformation.
- [$ProgressReporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ProgressReporting.en.md): $ProgressReporting is a settable global variable that specifies the default progress reporting method.
- [$PublisherID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$PublisherID.en.md): $PublisherID gives the default ID used to submit resources for publication in the resource system.
- [$RandomGeneratorState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RandomGeneratorState.en.md): $RandomGeneratorState gives a representation of the internal state of the default pseudorandom generator.
- [$RandomState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RandomState.en.md): As of Version 6.0, $RandomState has been superseded by the scoping construct BlockRandom.
- [$RecursionLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RecursionLimit.en.md): $RecursionLimit gives the current limit on the number of levels of recursion that the Wolfram Language can use.
- [$ReleaseNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ReleaseNumber.en.md): $ReleaseNumber is an integer which gives the current Wolfram Language kernel release number, and increases in successive releases.
- [$RequesterAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RequesterAddress.en.md): $RequesterAddress gives the IP address originating an HTTP request that initiated the current evaluation.
- [$RequesterCloudUserID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RequesterCloudUserID.en.md): $RequesterCloudUserID gives the cloud user ID of the authenticated user requesting the current evaluation.
- [$RequesterCloudUserUUID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RequesterCloudUserUUID.en.md): $RequesterCloudUserUUID gives the cloud user UUID of an authenticated user requesting the current evaluation.
- [$RequesterWolframID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RequesterWolframID.en.md): $RequesterWolframID gives the Wolfram ID of an authenticated user requesting the current evaluation.
- [$RequesterWolframUUID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RequesterWolframUUID.en.md): $RequesterWolframUUID gives the Wolfram UUID of an authenticated user requesting the current evaluation.
- [$ResourceSystemBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ResourceSystemBase.en.md): $ResourceSystemBase gives the base URI for the resource system.
- [$ResourceSystemPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ResourceSystemPath.en.md): $ResourceSystemPath gives the default list of locations at which to look for resource objects.
- [$RootDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$RootDirectory.en.md): $RootDirectory gives the root directory of your file system.
- [$ScheduledTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ScheduledTask.en.md): $ScheduledTask is being phased out in favor of $CurrentTask, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.2.
- [$ScriptCommandLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ScriptCommandLine.en.md): $ScriptCommandLine is a list of strings giving the elements of the command line with which the standalone Wolfram System script was invoked.
- [$ScriptInputString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ScriptInputString.en.md): $ScriptInputString represents input given on the standard input channel to the original operating system command with which the current instantiation of the Wolfram Language was invoked.
- [$ServiceCreditsAvailable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ServiceCreditsAvailable.en.md): $ServiceCreditsAvailable gives the available Service Credits in the user's account.
- [$Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Services.en.md): $Services gives a list of external services available through ServiceConnect.
- [$SessionID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SessionID.en.md): $SessionID is a number set up to be unique to a particular Wolfram System session.
- [$SharedFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SharedFunctions.en.md): $SharedFunctions is the list of functions currently being shared among parallel kernels.
- [$SharedVariables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SharedVariables.en.md): $SharedVariables is the list of variables currently being shared among parallel kernels.
- [$SoundDisplayFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SoundDisplayFunction.en.md): $SoundDisplayFunction gives the default setting for the option DisplayFunction in sound functions.
- [$SourceLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SourceLink.en.md): $SourceLink specifies the default source to be used for deployed cloud objects.
- [$SSHAuthentication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SSHAuthentication.en.md): $SSHAuthentication specifies the default authentication options to use for SSH-related functions.
- [$StandardErrorStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$StandardErrorStream.en.md): $StandardErrorStream gives the output stream object to which standard error from the Wolfram Language is sent.
- [$StandardOutputStream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$StandardOutputStream.en.md): $StandardOutputStream gives the output stream object to which standard output from the Wolfram Language is sent.
- [$SubtitleDecoders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SubtitleDecoders.en.md): $SubtitleDecoders gives the list of subtitle decoders available for each video container.
- [$SubtitleEncoders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SubtitleEncoders.en.md): $SubtitleEncoders gives the list of subtitle encoders available for each video container.
- [$SummaryBoxDataSizeLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SummaryBoxDataSizeLimit.en.md): As of Version 12.1 of the Wolfram Language, $SummaryBoxDataSizeLimit has been superseded by $NotebookInlineStorageLimit.
- [$SynchronousEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SynchronousEvaluation.en.md): $SynchronousEvaluation is a symbol whose value is True if it is evaluated as part of a synchronous evaluation.
- [$SyntaxHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SyntaxHandler.en.md): $SyntaxHandler is a global variable that, if set, is applied to any input string that is found to contain a syntax error.
- [$SystemCharacterEncoding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SystemCharacterEncoding.en.md): $SystemCharacterEncoding gives the default raw character encoding for the computer system on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$SystemCredentialStore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SystemCredentialStore.en.md): $SystemCredentialStore gives the current credential store.
- [$System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$System.en.md): $System is a string describing the type of computer system on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$SystemID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SystemID.en.md): $SystemID is a short string that identifies the type of computer system on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$SystemShell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SystemShell.en.md): $SystemShell is a symbol that specifies the system shell for the OS that is currently being used.
- [$SystemTimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SystemTimeZone.en.md): $SystemTimeZone gives the current time zone for the computer system on which the Wolfram System is being run.
- [$SystemWordLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SystemWordLength.en.md): $SystemWordLength gives the effective number of bits in raw machine words on the computer system where the Wolfram System is running.
- [$TargetSystems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TargetSystems.en.md): $TargetSystems gives the list of possible machine architectures for code generation.
- [$TemplatePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TemplatePath.en.md): $TemplatePath gives the default list of directories to search in attempting to find a template file.
- [$TemporaryDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TemporaryDirectory.en.md): $TemporaryDirectory gives the main system directory for temporary files on your computer system.
- [$TemporaryPrefix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TemporaryPrefix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, $TemporaryPrefix has been superseded by $TemporaryDirectory.
- [$TestFileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TestFileName.en.md): $TestFileName gives the absolute file name of the currently executing test file.
- [$TextStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TextStyle.en.md): As of Version 6.0, $TextStyle has been superseded by BaseStyle and other options.
- [$TimedOut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TimedOut.en.md): $TimedOut is a special symbol that represents that an operation timed out.
- [$TimeUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TimeUnit.en.md): $TimeUnit gives the minimum time interval in seconds recorded on your computer system.
- [$TimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TimeZone.en.md): $TimeZone gives the current time zone to assume for dates and times.
- [$TimeZoneEntity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TimeZoneEntity.en.md): $TimeZoneEntity gives the time zone Entity corresponding to the locale setting for your computer operating system.
- [$TopDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TopDirectory.en.md): Since Version 5.0 (released in 2003), $TopDirectory has been superseded by $InstallationDirectory and $BaseDirectory.
- [$UnitSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UnitSystem.en.md): $UnitSystem gives the unit system to assume for returned quantities.
- [$Urgent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Urgent.en.md): $Urgent gives the list of files and pipes to which urgent output from the Wolfram Language is sent.
- [$UserAddOnsDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserAddOnsDirectory.en.md): Since Version 5 (released in 2003), $UserAddOnsDirectory has been superseded by $UserBaseDirectory.
- [$UserAgent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserAgent.en.md): $UserAgent gives the user agent information from an HTTP request that initiated the current evaluation.
- [$UserAgentString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserAgentString.en.md): $UserAgentString gives the user agent string from an HTTP request that initiated the current evaluation.
- [$UserBaseDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserBaseDirectory.en.md): $UserBaseDirectory gives the base directory in which user-specific files to be loaded by the Wolfram System are conventionally placed.
- [$UserBasePacletsDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserBasePacletsDirectory.en.md): $UserBasePacletsDirectory gives the base directory that the Wolfram System uses to store user-specific installed paclets and paclet configuration data.
- [$UserDocumentsDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserDocumentsDirectory.en.md): $UserDocumentsDirectory gives your default documents directory.
- [$Username](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Username.en.md): $Username gives the login name of the user who invoked the Wolfram Language kernel, as recorded by the operating system.
- [$UserURLBase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$UserURLBase.en.md): $UserURLBase gives the user identification element to be inserted in the URLs of cloud objects.
- [$Version](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$Version.en.md): $Version is a string that gives the version of the Wolfram Language kernel you are running.
- [$VersionNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$VersionNumber.en.md): $VersionNumber is a real number which gives the current Wolfram Language kernel version number, and increases in successive versions.
- [$VideoDecoders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$VideoDecoders.en.md): $VideoDecoders gives the list of video decoders available for each video container.
- [$VideoEncoders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$VideoEncoders.en.md): $VideoEncoders gives the list of available video encoders available for each video container.
- [$VoiceStyles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$VoiceStyles.en.md): $VoiceStyles gives the list of available voices for speech synthesis.
- [$WolframDocumentsDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$WolframDocumentsDirectory.en.md): $WolframDocumentsDirectory gives the Wolfram subdirectory of the user's documents directory.
- [$WolframID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$WolframID.en.md): $WolframID gives the Wolfram ID of a currently logged-in user, or the user who owns a cloud object containing the code used for the current evaluation.
- [$WolframUUID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$WolframUUID.en.md): $WolframUUID gives the Wolfram UUID of a currently logged-in user, or the user who owns a cloud object containing the code used for the current evaluation.
- [$$Media](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$$Media.en.md): Since Version 2.0 (released in 1991), $$Media has been superseded by Streams.

### batchcomputationprovider

- [AWSBatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/batchcomputationprovider/AWSBatch.en.md): AWSBatch (Batch Computation Provider)
- [AzureBatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/batchcomputationprovider/AzureBatch.en.md): AzureBatch (Batch Computation Provider)
- [CharityEngine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/batchcomputationprovider/CharityEngine.en.md): CharityEngine (Batch Computation Provider)
- [WolframBatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/batchcomputationprovider/WolframBatch.en.md): WolframBatch (Batch Computation Provider)

### blockchain

- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-ARK.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the ARK blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the ARK blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the Bitcoin Cash blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the Bitcoin blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the Bitcoin blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the bloxberg blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the Cardano blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the Ethereum blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the Litecoin blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the Litecoin blockchain address.
- [BlockchainAddressData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainAddressData-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainAddressData[address] gives available information connected with the specified address on the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainAddressData[assoc] gives available information connected with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainAddressData[addressSpec, prop] gives the specified property of the Tezos blockchain address.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-ARK.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[blockid] gives information about the block with the specified block ID on the ARK blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the ARK blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the ARK blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[hash] gives information about the block with the specified hash on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the Bitcoin Cash blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[hash] gives information about the block with the specified hash on the Bitcoin blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the Bitcoin blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the Bitcoin blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[hash] gives information about the block with the specified hash on the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[blockid] gives information about the block with the specified block ID on the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[hash] gives information about the block with the specified hash on the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[hash] gives information about the block with the specified hash on the Litecoin blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the Litecoin blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the Litecoin blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainBlockData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainBlockData-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainBlockData[blockid] gives information about the block with the specified block ID on the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[n] gives information about block n on the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[-n] gives information about the block n elements from the end of the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainBlockData[bspec, prop] gives the specified property of the block.
- [BlockchainContractValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainContractValue-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainContractValue[caddr, func] calls the function func of a contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, assoc] calls a contract with address caddr with the properties defined in Association assoc.
- [BlockchainContractValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainContractValue-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainContractValue[caddr] gets the result obtained from a contract containing a Wolfram expression at Ethereum blockchain address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, prop] gets the property prop of the result obtained from a contract containing a Wolfram expression with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, func] calls the function func of a contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, assoc] calls a contract with address caddr with the properties defined in ...
- [BlockchainContractValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainContractValue-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainContractValue[caddr] gets the storage of a Tezos contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, annot] gets the storage value annotated with annot from the storage of a Tezos contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, opList] gets the storage value after applying the list of Michelson pair operations opList to the storage of a Tezos contract with address caddr. BlockchainContractValue[caddr, assoc] gets the storage of a Tezos contract with address caddr ...
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-ARK.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the ARK blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the ARK blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the Bitcoin Cash blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the Bitcoin Cash blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the Bitcoin blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the Bitcoin blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the bloxberg blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the Cardano blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the Ethereum blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the Litecoin blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the Litecoin blockchain.
- [BlockchainData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainData-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainData[] gives information about the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainData[property] gives the value of the specified property of the Tezos blockchain.
- [BlockchainTokenData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTokenData-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainTokenData[name] gives general information about the use of tokens with the specified name on the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainTokenData[sym] gives general information about tokens with symbol sym. BlockchainTokenData[address] gives general information about tokens associated with the specified address. BlockchainTokenData[assoc] gives general information about tokens with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainTokenData[tokenspec, prop] gives the specified ...
- [BlockchainTokenData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTokenData-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainTokenData[fingerprint] gives general information about tokens with the specified fingerprint on the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainTokenData[assoc] gives general information about tokens with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainTokenData[tokenspec, prop] gives the specified property of token usage.
- [BlockchainTokenData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTokenData-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainTokenData[name] gives general information about the use of tokens with the specified name on the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainTokenData[sym] gives general information about tokens with symbol sym. BlockchainTokenData[address] gives general information about tokens associated with the specified address. BlockchainTokenData[assoc] gives general information about tokens with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainTokenData[tokenspec, prop] gives the specified ...
- [BlockchainTokenData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTokenData-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainTokenData[name] gives general information about the use of tokens with the specified name on the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainTokenData[sym] gives general information about tokens with symbol sym. BlockchainTokenData[address] gives general information about tokens associated with the specified address. BlockchainTokenData[assoc] gives general information about tokens with properties matching the specification in assoc. BlockchainTokenData[tokenspec, prop] gives the specified property ...
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-ARK.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents an ARK blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a Bitcoin Cash blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a Bitcoin blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a bloxberg blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a Cardano blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-ARK.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the ARK blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the Bitcoin blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the bloxberg blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transactions with ID txid on the Cardano blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transactions.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the Ethereum blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain transaction with ID txid on the Litecoin blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the transaction.
- [BlockchainTransactionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionData-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainTransactionData[txid] gives information about the blockchain operations with ID txid on the Tezos blockchain. BlockchainTransactionData[txid, prop] gives the specified property of the operations.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents an Ethereum blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a Litecoin blockchain transaction built from the components in the association assoc.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-ARK.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs an ARK blockchain transaction using the specified private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {key1, key2}] digitally signs a transaction using a first and second private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {assoc1, assoc2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction related to a multisignature address.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a Bitcoin Cash blockchain transaction using the specified private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {key1, key2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction using all the keys keyi. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {assoc1, assoc2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction where associ contains Pay-to-Script-Hash data.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a Bitcoin blockchain transaction using the specified private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {key1, key2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction using all the keys keyi. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {assoc1, assoc2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction where associ contains Pay-to-Script-Hash data.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a bloxberg blockchain transaction using the specified private key.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a Cardano blockchain transaction using the specified private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {key1, key2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction using all the keys keyi.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs an Ethereum blockchain transaction using the specified private key.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a Litecoin blockchain transaction using the specified private key. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {key1, key2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction using all the keys keyi. BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, {assoc1, assoc2, ...}] digitally signs a transaction where associ contains Pay-to-Script-Hash data.
- [BlockchainTransactionSign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSign-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSign[obj, key] digitally signs a Tezos blockchain operation using the specified private key.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-ARK.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the ARK blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-BitcoinCash.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the Bitcoin Cash blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-Bitcoin.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the Bitcoin blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-bloxberg.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the bloxberg blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-Cardano.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the Cardano blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-Ethereum.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the Ethereum blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-Litecoin.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the transaction specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the Litecoin blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransactionSubmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransactionSubmit-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainTransactionSubmit[obj] submits the operation specified in the BlockchainTransaction object obj to the Tezos blockchain.
- [BlockchainTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/blockchain/BlockchainTransaction-Tezos.en.md): BlockchainTransaction[assoc] represents a Tezos blockchain operation built from the components in the association assoc.

### c

- [MLAbort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLAbort.en.md): MLAbort has been replaced by WSAbort.
- [MLActivate()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLActivate.en.md): MLActivate has been replaced by WSActivate.
- [MLAllocator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLAllocator.en.md): MLAllocator has been replaced by WSAllocator.
- [MLAllocParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLAllocParameter.en.md): MLAllocParameter has been replaced by WSAllocParameter.
- [MLBytesToGet()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLBytesToGet.en.md): MLBytesToGet has been replaced by WSBytesToGet.
- [MLBytesToPut()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLBytesToPut.en.md): MLBytesToPut has been replaced by WSBytesToPut.
- [MLCheckFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLCheckFunction.en.md): MLCheckFunction has been replaced by WSCheckFunction.
- [MLClearError()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLClearError.en.md): MLClearError has been replaced by WSClearError.
- [MLClose()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLClose.en.md): MLClose has been replaced by WSClose.
- [MLCreateMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLCreateMark.en.md): MLCreateMark has been replaced by WSCreateMark.
- [MLDeallocator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDeallocator.en.md): MLDeallocator has been replaced by WSDeallocator.
- [MLDeinitialize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDeinitialize.en.md): MLDeinitialize has been replaced by WSDeinitialize.
- [MLDestroyMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDestroyMark.en.md): MLDestroyMark has been replaced by WSDestroyMark.
- [MLDisableLinkLock()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisableLinkLock.en.md): MLDisableLinkLock has been replaced by WSDisableLinkLock.
- [MLDisableLoggingStream()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisableLoggingStream.en.md): MLDisableLoggingStream has been replaced by WSDisableLoggingStream.
- [MLDisownIntegerArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownIntegerArray.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownIntegerArray() has been superseded by MLReleaseInteger32Array ().
- [MLDisownIntegerList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownIntegerList.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownIntegerList() has been superseded by MLReleaseInteger32List ().
- [MLDisownRealArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownRealArray.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownRealArray() has been superseded by MLReleaseReal64Array ().
- [MLDisownRealList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownRealList.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownRealList () has been superseded by MLReleaseReal64List ().
- [MLDisownString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownString.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownString() has been superseded by MLReleaseString ().
- [MLDisownSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownSymbol.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownSymbol() has been superseded by MLReleaseSymbol ().
- [MLDisownUnicodeString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDisownUnicodeString.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLDisownUnicodeString () has been superseded by MLReleaseUCS2String ().
- [MLDoNotHandleSignalParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDoNotHandleSignalParameter.en.md): MLDoNotHandleSignalParameter has been replaced by WSDoNotHandleSignalParameter.
- [MLDuplicateLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLDuplicateLink.en.md): MLDuplicateLink has been replaced by WSDuplicateLink.
- [MLEnableLinkLock()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLEnableLinkLock.en.md): MLEnableLinkLock has been replaced by WSEnableLinkLock.
- [MLEnableLoggingStream()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLEnableLoggingStream.en.md): MLEnableLoggingStream has been replaced by WSEnableLoggingStream.
- [MLEndPacket()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLEndPacket.en.md): MLEndPacket has been replaced by WSEndPacket.
- [MLENV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLENV.en.md): MLENV has been replaced by WSENV.
- [MLEnvironmentParameter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLEnvironmentParameter.en.md): MLEnvironmentParameter has been replaced by WSEnvironmentParameter.
- [MLError()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLError.en.md): MLError has been replaced by WSError.
- [MLErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLErrorMessage.en.md): MLErrorMessage has been replaced by WSErrorMessage.
- [MLEvaluate()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLEvaluate.en.md): MLEvaluate has been replaced by WSEvaluate.
- [MLEvaluateString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLEvaluateString.en.md): MLEvaluateString has been replaced by WSEvaluateString.
- [mlextended_double](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/mlextended_double.en.md): mlextended_double is a WSTP type representing an extended-precision floating-point number.
- [MLFlush()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLFlush.en.md): MLFlush has been replaced by WSFlush.
- [MLFromLinkID()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLFromLinkID.en.md): MLFromLinkID has been replaced by WSFromLinkID.
- [MLGetArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetArgCount.en.md): MLGetArgCount has been replaced by WSGetArgCount.
- [MLGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames.en.md): MLGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames has been replaced by WSGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames.
- [MLGetByteArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetByteArray.en.md): MLGetByteArray has been replaced by WSGetByteArray.
- [MLGetByteString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetByteString.en.md): MLGetByteString has been replaced by WSGetByteString.
- [MLGetByteSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetByteSymbol.en.md): MLGetByteSymbol has been replaced by WSGetByteSymbol.
- [MLGetData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetData.en.md): MLGetData has been replaced by WSGetData.
- [MLGetDomainNameList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetDomainNameList.en.md): MLGetDomainNameList has been replaced by WSGetDomainNameList.
- [MLGetDouble()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetDouble.en.md): MLGetDouble has been replaced by WSGetDouble.
- [MLGetFloat()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetFloat.en.md): MLGetFloat has been replaced by WSGetFloat.
- [MLGetFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetFunction.en.md): MLGetFunction has been replaced by WSGetFunction.
- [MLGetInteger16Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger16Array.en.md): MLGetInteger16Array has been replaced by WSGetInteger16Array.
- [MLGetInteger16()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger16.en.md): MLGetInteger16 has been replaced by WSGetInteger16.
- [MLGetInteger16List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger16List.en.md): MLGetInteger16List has been replaced by WSGetInteger16List.
- [MLGetInteger32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger32Array.en.md): MLGetInteger32Array has been replaced by WSGetInteger32Array.
- [MLGetInteger32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger32.en.md): MLGetInteger32 has been replaced by WSGetInteger32.
- [MLGetInteger32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger32List.en.md): MLGetInteger32List has been replaced by WSGetInteger32List.
- [MLGetInteger64Array](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger64Array.en.md): MLGetInteger64Array has been replaced by WSGetInteger64Array.
- [MLGetInteger64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger64.en.md): MLGetInteger64 has been replaced by WSGetInteger64.
- [MLGetInteger64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger64List.en.md): MLGetInteger64List has been replaced by WSGetInteger64List.
- [MLGetInteger8Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger8Array.en.md): MLGetInteger8Array has been replaced by WSGetInteger8Array.
- [MLGetInteger8()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger8.en.md): MLGetInteger8 has been replaced by WSGetInteger8.
- [MLGetInteger8List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger8List.en.md): MLGetInteger8List has been replaced by WSGetInteger8List.
- [MLGetIntegerArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetIntegerArray.en.md): MLGetIntegerArray has been replaced by WSGetIntegerArray.
- [MLGetInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetInteger.en.md): MLGetInteger has been replaced by WSGetInteger.
- [MLGetIntegerList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetIntegerList.en.md): MLGetIntegerList has been replaced by WSGetIntegerList.
- [MLGetLinkedEnvIDString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetLinkedEnvIDString.en.md): MLGetLinkedEnvIDString has been replaced by WSGetLinkedEnvIDString.
- [MLGetLinksFromEnvironment()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetLinksFromEnvironment.en.md): MLGetLinksFromEnvironment has been replaced by WSGetLinksFromEnvironment.
- [MLGetLongInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetLongInteger.en.md): MLGetLongInteger has been replaced by WSGetLongInteger.
- [MLGetMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetMessage.en.md): MLGetMessage has been replaced by WSGetMessage.
- [MLGetMessageHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetMessageHandler.en.md): MLGetMessageHandler has been replaced by WSGetMessageHandler.
- [MLGetNetworkAddressList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNetworkAddressList.en.md): MLGetNetworkAddressList has been replaced by WSGetNetworkAddressList.
- [MLGetNext()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNext.en.md): MLGetNext has been replaced by WSGetNext.
- [MLGetNumberAsString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNumberAsString.en.md): MLGetNumberAsString has been replaced by WSGetNumberAsString.
- [MLGetNumberAsUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNumberAsUCS2String.en.md): MLGetNumberAsUCS2String has been replaced by WSGetNumberAsUCS2String.
- [MLGetNumberAsUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNumberAsUTF16String.en.md): MLGetNumberAsUTF16String has been replaced by WSGetNumberAsUTF16String.
- [MLGetNumberAsUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNumberAsUTF32String.en.md): MLGetNumberAsUTF32String has been replaced by WSGetNumberAsUTF32String.
- [MLGetNumberAsUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetNumberAsUTF8String.en.md): MLGetNumberAsUTF8String has been replaced by WSGetNumberAsUTF8String.
- [MLGetReal128Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal128Array.en.md): MLGetReal128Array has been replaced by WSGetReal128Array.
- [MLGetReal128()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal128.en.md): MLGetReal128 has been replaced by WSGetReal128.
- [MLGetReal128List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal128List.en.md): MLGetReal128List has been replaced by WSGetReal128List.
- [MLGetReal32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal32Array.en.md): MLGetReal32Array has been replaced by WSGetReal32Array.
- [MLGetReal32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal32.en.md): MLGetReal32 has been replaced by WSGetReal32.
- [MLGetReal32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal32List.en.md): MLGetReal32List has been replaced by WSGetReal32List.
- [MLGetReal64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal64Array.en.md): MLGetReal64Array has been replaced by WSGetReal64Array.
- [MLGetReal64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal64.en.md): MLGetReal64 has been replaced by WSGetReal64.
- [MLGetReal64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal64List.en.md): MLGetReal64List has been replaced by WSGetReal64List.
- [MLGetRealArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetRealArray.en.md): MLGetRealArray has been replaced by WSGetRealArray.
- [MLGetReal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetReal.en.md): MLGetReal has been replaced by WSGetReal.
- [MLGetRealList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetRealList.en.md): MLGetRealList has been replaced by WSGetRealList.
- [MLGetShortInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetShortInteger.en.md): MLGetShortInteger has been replaced by WSGetShortInteger.
- [MLGetString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetString.en.md): MLGetString has been replaced by WSGetString.
- [MLGetSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetSymbol.en.md): MLGetSymbol has been replaced by WSGetSymbol.
- [MLGetType()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetType.en.md): MLGetType has been replaced by WSGetType.
- [MLGetUCS2Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUCS2Function.en.md): MLGetUCS2Function has been replaced by WSGetUCS2Function.
- [MLGetUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUCS2String.en.md): MLGetUCS2String has been replaced by WSGetUCS2String.
- [MLGetUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUCS2Symbol.en.md): MLGetUCS2Symbol has been replaced by WSGetUCS2Symbol.
- [MLGetUnicodeString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUnicodeString.en.md): MLGetUnicodeString has been replaced by WSGetUnicodeString.
- [MLGetUTF16Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF16Function.en.md): MLGetUTF16Function has been replaced by WSGetUTF16Function.
- [MLGetUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF16String.en.md): MLGetUTF16String has been replaced by WSGetUTF16String.
- [MLGetUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF16Symbol.en.md): MLGetUTF16Symbol has been replaced by WSGetUTF16Symbol.
- [MLGetUTF32Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF32Function.en.md): MLGetUTF32Function has been replaced by WSGetUTF32Function.
- [MLGetUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF32String.en.md): MLGetUTF32String has been replaced by WSGetUTF32String.
- [MLGetUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF32Symbol.en.md): MLGetUTF32Symbol has been replaced by WSGetUTF32Symbol.
- [MLGetUTF8Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF8Function.en.md): MLGetUTF8Function has been replaced by WSGetUTF8Function.
- [MLGetUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF8String.en.md): MLGetUTF8String has been replaced by WSGetUTF8String.
- [MLGetUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetUTF8Symbol.en.md): MLGetUTF8Symbol has been replaced by WSGetUTF8Symbol.
- [MLGetYieldFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLGetYieldFunction.en.md): MLGetYieldFunction has been replaced by WSGetYieldFunction.
- [MLHandleSignal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLHandleSignal.en.md): MLHandleSignal has been replaced by WSHandleSignal.
- [MLInitialize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLInitialize.en.md): MLInitialize has been replaced by WSInitialize.
- [MLINK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLINK.en.md): MLINK has been replaced by WSLINK.
- [mlint64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/mlint64.en.md): mlint64 is a WSTP type for storing 64-bit integers.
- [MLIsLinkLoopback()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLIsLinkLoopback.en.md): MLIsLinkLoopback has been replaced by WSIsLinkLoopback.
- [MLLinkEnvironment()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLinkEnvironment.en.md): MLLinkEnvironment has been replaced by WSLinkEnvironment.
- [MLLinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLinkName.en.md): MLLinkName has been replaced by WSLinkName.
- [MLLinkWaitCallBackObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLinkWaitCallBackObject.en.md): MLLinkWaitCallBackObject has been replaced by WSLinkWaitCallBackObject.
- [MLLogFileNameForLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLogFileNameForLink.en.md): MLLogFileNameForLink has been replaced by WSLogFileNameForLink.
- [MLLogStreamToFile()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLogStreamToFile.en.md): MLLogStreamToFile has been replaced by WSLogStreamToFile.
- [MLLoopbackOpen()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLoopbackOpen.en.md): MLLoopbackOpen has been replaced by WSLoopbackOpen.
- [MLLowLevelDeviceName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLLowLevelDeviceName.en.md): MLLowLevelDeviceName has been replaced by WSLowLevelDeviceName.
- [MLMain()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLMain.en.md): MLMain has been replaced by WSMain.
- [MLMARK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLMARK.en.md): MLMARK has been replaced by WSMARK.
- [MLMessageHandlerObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLMessageHandlerObject.en.md): MLMessageHandlerObject has been replaced by WSMessageHandlerObject.
- [MLMessageReady()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLMessageReady.en.md): MLMessageReady has been replaced by WSMessageReady.
- [MLNewPacket()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLNewPacket.en.md): MLNewPacket has been replaced by WSNewPacket.
- [MLNewParameters()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLNewParameters.en.md): MLNewParameters has been replaced by WSNewParameters.
- [MLNewUnicodeContainer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLNewUnicodeContainer.en.md): MLNewUnicodeContainer has been replaced by WSNewUnicodeContainer.
- [MLNextPacket()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLNextPacket.en.md): MLNextPacket has been replaced by WSNextPacket.
- [MLOpenArgcArgv()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLOpenArgcArgv.en.md): MLOpenArgcArgv has been replaced by WSOpenArgcArgv.
- [MLOpenArgv()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLOpenArgv.en.md): As of Version 6.0, MLOpenArgv() has been superseded by MLOpenArgcArgv.
- [MLOpenString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLOpenString.en.md): MLOpenString has been replaced by WSOpenString.
- [MLParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLParameters.en.md): As of Version 10.0, MLParameters has been superseded by MLEnvironmentParameter.
- [MLPutArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutArgCount.en.md): MLPutArgCount has been replaced by WSPutArgCount.
- [MLPutByteArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutByteArray.en.md): MLPutByteArray has been replaced by WSPutByteArray.
- [MLPutByteString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutByteString.en.md): MLPutByteString has been replaced by WSPutByteString.
- [MLPutByteSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutByteSymbol.en.md): MLPutByteSymbol has been replaced by WSPutByteSymbol.
- [MLPutData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutData.en.md): MLPutData has been replaced by WSPutData.
- [MLPutDouble()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutDouble.en.md): MLPutDouble has been replaced by WSPutDouble.
- [MLPutFloat()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutFloat.en.md): MLPutFloat has been replaced by WSPutFloat.
- [MLPutFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutFunction.en.md): MLPutFunction has been replaced by WSPutFunction.
- [MLPutInteger16Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger16Array.en.md): MLPutInteger16Array has been replaced by WSPutInteger16Array.
- [MLPutInteger16()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger16.en.md): MLPutInteger16 has been replaced by WSPutInteger16.
- [MLPutInteger16List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger16List.en.md): MLPutInteger16List has been replaced by WSPutInteger16List.
- [MLPutInteger32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger32Array.en.md): MLPutInteger32Array has been replaced by WSPutInteger32Array.
- [MLPutInteger32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger32.en.md): MLPutInteger32 has been replaced by WSPutInteger32.
- [MLPutInteger32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger32List.en.md): MLPutInteger32List has been replaced by WSPutInteger32List.
- [MLPutInteger64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger64Array.en.md): MLPutInteger64Array has been replaced by WSPutInteger64Array.
- [MLPutInteger64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger64.en.md): MLPutInteger64 has been replaced by WSPutInteger64.
- [MLPutInteger64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger64List.en.md): MLPutInteger64List has been replaced by WSPutInteger64List.
- [MLPutInteger8Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger8Array.en.md): MLPutInteger8Array has been replaced by WSPutInteger8Array.
- [MLPutInteger8()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger8.en.md): MLPutInteger8 has been replaced by WSPutInteger8.
- [MLPutInteger8List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger8List.en.md): MLPutInteger8List has been replaced by WSPutInteger8List.
- [MLPutIntegerArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutIntegerArray.en.md): MLPutIntegerArray has been replaced by WSPutIntegerArray.
- [MLPutInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutInteger.en.md): MLPutInteger has been replaced by WSPutInteger.
- [MLPutIntegerList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutIntegerList.en.md): MLPutIntegerList has been replaced by WSPutIntegerList.
- [MLPutLongInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutLongInteger.en.md): MLPutLongInteger has been replaced by WSPutLongInteger.
- [MLPutMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutMessage.en.md): MLPutMessage has been replaced by WSPutMessage.
- [MLPutMessageWithArg()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutMessageWithArg.en.md): MLPutMessageWithArg has been replaced by WSPutMessageWithArg.
- [MLPutNext()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutNext.en.md): MLPutNext has been replaced by WSPutNext.
- [MLPutRawData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRawData.en.md): MLPutRawData has been replaced by WSPutRawData.
- [MLPutRawSize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRawSize.en.md): MLPutRawSize has been replaced by WSPutRawSize.
- [MLPutReal128Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal128Array.en.md): MLPutReal128Array has been replaced by WSPutReal128Array.
- [MLPutReal128()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal128.en.md): MLPutReal128 has been replaced by WSPutReal128.
- [MLPutReal128List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal128List.en.md): MLPutReal128List has been replaced by WSPutReal128List.
- [MLPutReal32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal32Array.en.md): MLPutReal32Array has been replaced by WSPutReal32Array.
- [MLPutReal32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal32.en.md): MLPutReal32 has been replaced by WSPutReal32.
- [MLPutReal32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal32List.en.md): MLPutReal32List has been replaced by WSPutReal32List.
- [MLPutReal64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal64Array.en.md): MLPutReal64Array has been replaced by WSPutReal64Array.
- [MLPutReal64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal64.en.md): MLPutReal64 has been replaced by WSPutReal64.
- [MLPutReal64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal64List.en.md): MLPutReal64List has been replaced by WSPutReal64List.
- [MLPutRealArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealArray.en.md): MLPutRealArray has been replaced by WSPutRealArray.
- [MLPutReal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutReal.en.md): MLPutReal has been replaced by WSPutReal.
- [MLPutRealList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealList.en.md): MLPutRealList has been replaced by WSPutRealList.
- [MLPutRealNumberAsString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealNumberAsString.en.md): MLPutRealNumberAsString has been replaced by WSPutRealNumberAsString.
- [MLPutRealNumberAsUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealNumberAsUCS2String.en.md): MLPutRealNumberAsUCS2String has been replaced by WSPutRealNumberAsUCS2String.
- [MLPutRealNumberAsUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealNumberAsUTF16String.en.md): MLPutRealNumberAsUTF16String has been replaced by WSPutRealNumberAsUTF16String.
- [MLPutRealNumberAsUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealNumberAsUTF32String.en.md): MLPutRealNumberAsUTF32String has been replaced by WSPutRealNumberAsUTF32String.
- [MLPutRealNumberAsUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutRealNumberAsUTF8String.en.md): MLPutRealNumberAsUTF8String has been replaced by WSPutRealNumberAsUTF8String.
- [MLPutShortInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutShortInteger.en.md): MLPutShortInteger has been replaced by WSPutShortInteger.
- [MLPutSize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutSize.en.md): MLPutSize has been replaced by WSPutSize.
- [MLPutString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutString.en.md): MLPutString has been replaced by WSPutString.
- [MLPutSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutSymbol.en.md): MLPutSymbol has been replaced by WSPutSymbol.
- [MLPutType()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutType.en.md): MLPutType has been replaced by WSPutType.
- [MLPutUCS2Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUCS2Function.en.md): MLPutUCS2Function has been replaced by WSPutUCS2Function.
- [MLPutUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUCS2String.en.md): MLPutUCS2String has been replaced by WSPutUCS2String.
- [MLPutUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUCS2Symbol.en.md): MLPutUCS2Symbol has been replaced by WSPutUCS2Symbol.
- [MLPutUnicodeString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUnicodeString.en.md): MLPutUnicodeString has been replaced by WSPutUnicodeString.
- [MLPutUTF16Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF16Function.en.md): MLPutUTF16Function has been replaced by WSPutUTF16Function.
- [MLPutUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF16String.en.md): MLPutUTF16String has been replaced by WSPutUTF16String.
- [MLPutUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF16Symbol.en.md): MLPutUTF16Symbol has been replaced by WSPutUTF16Symbol.
- [MLPutUTF32Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF32Function.en.md): MLPutUTF32Function has been replaced by WSPutUTF32Function.
- [MLPutUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF32String.en.md): MLPutUTF32String has been replaced by WSPutUTF32String.
- [MLPutUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF32Symbol.en.md): MLPutUTF32Symbol has been replaced by WSPutUTF32Symbol.
- [MLPutUTF8Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF8Function.en.md): MLPutUTF8Function has been replaced by WSPutUTF8Function.
- [MLPutUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF8String.en.md): MLPutUTF8String has been replaced by WSPutUTF8String.
- [MLPutUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLPutUTF8Symbol.en.md): MLPutUTF8Symbol has been replaced by WSPutUTF8Symbol.
- [MLReady()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReady.en.md): MLReady has been replaced by WSReady.
- [MLReadyParallel()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReadyParallel.en.md): MLReadyParallel has been replaced by WSReadyParallel.
- [MLReleaseByteArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseByteArray.en.md): MLReleaseByteArray has been replaced by WSReleaseByteArray.
- [MLReleaseByteString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseByteString.en.md): MLReleaseByteString has been replaced by WSReleaseByteString.
- [MLReleaseByteSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseByteSymbol.en.md): MLReleaseByteSymbol has been replaced by WSReleaseByteSymbol.
- [MLReleaseDomainNameList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseDomainNameList.en.md): MLReleaseDomainNameList has been replaced by WSReleaseDomainNameList.
- [MLReleaseEnvIDString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseEnvIDString.en.md): MLReleaseEnvIDString has been replaced by WSReleaseEnvIDString.
- [MLReleaseErrorMessage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseErrorMessage.en.md): MLReleaseErrorMessage has been replaced by WSReleaseErrorMessage.
- [MLReleaseInteger16Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger16Array.en.md): MLReleaseInteger16Array has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger16Array.
- [MLReleaseInteger16List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger16List.en.md): MLReleaseInteger16List has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger16List.
- [MLReleaseInteger32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger32Array.en.md): MLReleaseInteger32Array has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger32Array.
- [MLReleaseInteger32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger32List.en.md): MLReleaseInteger32List has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger32List.
- [MLReleaseInteger64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger64Array.en.md): MLReleaseInteger64Array has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger64Array.
- [MLReleaseInteger64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger64List.en.md): MLReleaseInteger64List has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger64List.
- [MLReleaseInteger8Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger8Array.en.md): MLReleaseInteger8Array has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger8Array.
- [MLReleaseInteger8List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseInteger8List.en.md): MLReleaseInteger8List has been replaced by WSReleaseInteger8List.
- [MLReleaseLinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseLinkName.en.md): MLReleaseLinkName has been replaced by WSReleaseLinkName.
- [MLReleaseLinkProtocolNames()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseLinkProtocolNames.en.md): MLReleaseLinkProtocolNames has been replaced by WSReleaseLinkProtocolNames.
- [MLReleaseLinksFromEnvironment()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseLinksFromEnvironment.en.md): MLReleaseLinksFromEnvironment has been replaced by WSReleaseLinksFromEnvironment.
- [MLReleaseLogFileNameForLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseLogFileNameForLink.en.md): MLReleaseLogFileNameForLink has been replaced by WSReleaseLogFileNameForLink.
- [MLReleaseLowLevelDeviceName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseLowLevelDeviceName.en.md): MLReleaseLowLevelDeviceName has been replaced by WSReleaseLowLevelDeviceName.
- [MLReleaseNetworkAddressList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseNetworkAddressList.en.md): MLReleaseNetworkAddressList has been replaced by WSReleaseNetworkAddressList.
- [MLReleaseParameters()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseParameters.en.md): MLReleaseParameters has been replaced by WSReleaseParameters.
- [MLReleaseReal128Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseReal128Array.en.md): MLReleaseReal128Array has been replaced by WSReleaseReal128Array.
- [MLReleaseReal128List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseReal128List.en.md): MLReleaseReal128List has been replaced by WSReleaseReal128List.
- [MLReleaseReal32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseReal32Array.en.md): MLReleaseReal32Array has been replaced by WSReleaseReal32Array.
- [MLReleaseReal32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseReal32List.en.md): MLReleaseReal32List has been replaced by WSReleaseReal32List.
- [MLReleaseReal64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseReal64Array.en.md): MLReleaseReal64Array has been replaced by WSReleaseReal64Array.
- [MLReleaseReal64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseReal64List.en.md): MLReleaseReal64List has been replaced by WSReleaseReal64List.
- [MLReleaseString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseString.en.md): MLReleaseString has been replaced by WSReleaseString.
- [MLReleaseSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseSymbol.en.md): MLReleaseSymbol has been replaced by WSReleaseSymbol.
- [MLReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage.en.md): MLReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage.
- [MLReleaseUCS2LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUCS2LinkName.en.md): MLReleaseUCS2LinkName has been replaced by WSReleaseUCS2LinkName.
- [MLReleaseUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUCS2String.en.md): MLReleaseUCS2String has been replaced by WSReleaseUCS2String.
- [MLReleaseUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUCS2Symbol.en.md): MLReleaseUCS2Symbol has been replaced by WSReleaseUCS2Symbol.
- [MLReleaseUnicodeContainer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUnicodeContainer.en.md): MLReleaseUnicodeContainer has been replaced by WSReleaseUnicodeContainer.
- [MLReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage.en.md): MLReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage.
- [MLReleaseUTF16LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF16LinkName.en.md): MLReleaseUTF16LinkName has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF16LinkName.
- [MLReleaseUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF16String.en.md): MLReleaseUTF16String has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF16String.
- [MLReleaseUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF16Symbol.en.md): MLReleaseUTF16Symbol has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF16Symbol.
- [MLReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage.en.md): MLReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage.
- [MLReleaseUTF32LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF32LinkName.en.md): MLReleaseUTF32LinkName has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF32LinkName.
- [MLReleaseUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF32String.en.md): MLReleaseUTF32String has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF32String.
- [MLReleaseUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF32Symbol.en.md): MLReleaseUTF32Symbol has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF32Symbol.
- [MLReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage.en.md): MLReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage.
- [MLReleaseUTF8LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF8LinkName.en.md): MLReleaseUTF8LinkName has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF8LinkName.
- [MLReleaseUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF8String.en.md): MLReleaseUTF8String has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF8String.
- [MLReleaseUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLReleaseUTF8Symbol.en.md): MLReleaseUTF8Symbol has been replaced by WSReleaseUTF8Symbol.
- [MLSeekMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSeekMark.en.md): MLSeekMark has been replaced by WSSeekMark.
- [MLSeekToMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSeekToMark.en.md): MLSeekToMark has been replaced by WSSeekToMark.
- [MLSetAllocParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetAllocParameter.en.md): MLSetAllocParameter has been replaced by WSSetAllocParameter.
- [MLSetEnvIDString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetEnvIDString.en.md): MLSetEnvIDString has been replaced by WSSetEnvIDString.
- [MLSetMessageHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetMessageHandler.en.md): MLSetMessageHandler has been replaced by WSSetMessageHandler.
- [MLSetSignalHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetSignalHandler.en.md): MLSetSignalHandler has been replaced by WSSetSignalHandler.
- [MLSetSignalHandlerFromFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetSignalHandlerFromFunction.en.md): MLSetSignalHandlerFromFunction has been replaced by WSSetSignalHandlerFromFunction.
- [MLSetThreadSafeLinksParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetThreadSafeLinksParameter.en.md): MLSetThreadSafeLinksParameter has been replaced by WSSetThreadSafeLinksParameter.
- [MLSetUserData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetUserData.en.md): MLSetUserData has been replaced by WSSetUserData.
- [MLSetYieldFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLSetYieldFunction.en.md): MLSetYieldFunction has been replaced by WSSetYieldFunction.
- [MLStopHandlingSignal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLStopHandlingSignal.en.md): MLStopHandlingSignal has been replaced by WSStopHandlingSignal.
- [MLStopLoggingStream()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLStopLoggingStream.en.md): MLStopLoggingStream has been replaced by WSStopLoggingStream.
- [MLStopLoggingStreamToFile()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLStopLoggingStreamToFile.en.md): MLStopLoggingStreamToFile has been replaced by WSStopLoggingStreamToFile.
- [MLTestHead()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestHead.en.md): MLTestHead has been replaced by WSTestHead.
- [MLTestHeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestHeadWithArgCount.en.md): MLTestHeadWithArgCount has been replaced by WSTestHeadWithArgCount.
- [MLTestString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestString.en.md): MLTestString has been replaced by WSTestString.
- [MLTestSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestSymbol.en.md): MLTestSymbol has been replaced by WSTestSymbol.
- [MLTestUCS2Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUCS2Head.en.md): MLTestUCS2Head has been replaced by WSTestUCS2Head.
- [MLTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount.en.md): MLTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount has been replaced by WSTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount.
- [MLTestUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUCS2String.en.md): MLTestUCS2String has been replaced by WSTestUCS2String.
- [MLTestUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUCS2Symbol.en.md): MLTestUCS2Symbol has been replaced by WSTestUCS2Symbol.
- [MLTestUTF16Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF16Head.en.md): MLTestUTF16Head has been replaced by WSTestUTF16Head.
- [MLTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount.en.md): MLTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount has been replaced by WSTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount.
- [MLTestUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF16String.en.md): MLTestUTF16String has been replaced by WSTestUTF16String.
- [MLTestUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF16Symbol.en.md): MLTestUTF16Symbol has been replaced by WSTestUTF16Symbol.
- [MLTestUTF32Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF32Head.en.md): MLTestUTF32Head has been replaced by WSTestUTF32Head.
- [MLTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount.en.md): MLTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount has been replaced by WSTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount.
- [MLTestUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF32String.en.md): MLTestUTF32String has been replaced by WSTestUTF32String.
- [MLTestUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF32Symbol.en.md): MLTestUTF32Symbol has been replaced by WSTestUTF32Symbol.
- [MLTestUTF8Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF8Head.en.md): MLTestUTF8Head has been replaced by WSTestUTF8Head.
- [MLTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount.en.md): MLTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount has been replaced by WSTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount.
- [MLTestUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF8String.en.md): MLTestUTF8String has been replaced by WSTestUTF8String.
- [MLTestUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTestUTF8Symbol.en.md): MLTestUTF8Symbol has been replaced by WSTestUTF8Symbol.
- [mltimeval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/mltimeval.en.md): mltimeval has been replaced by wstimeval.
- [MLToLinkID()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLToLinkID.en.md): MLToLinkID has been replaced by WSToLinkID.
- [MLTransferExpression()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTransferExpression.en.md): MLTransferExpression has been replaced by WSTransferExpression.
- [MLTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink.en.md): MLTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink has been replaced by WSTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink.
- [MLUCS2ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUCS2ErrorMessage.en.md): MLUCS2ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSUCS2ErrorMessage.
- [MLUCS2LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUCS2LinkName.en.md): MLUCS2LinkName has been replaced by WSUCS2LinkName.
- [MLUnicodeContainer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUnicodeContainer.en.md): MLUnicodeContainer has been replaced by WSUnicodeContainer.
- [MLUnicodeContainerType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUnicodeContainerType.en.md): MLUnicodeContainerType has been replaced by WSUnicodeContainerType.
- [MLUnsetSignalHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUnsetSignalHandler.en.md): MLUnsetSignalHandler has been replaced by WSUnsetSignalHandler.
- [MLUserData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUserData.en.md): MLUserData has been replaced by WSUserData.
- [MLUserFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUserFunction.en.md): MLUserFunction has been replaced by WSUserFunction.
- [MLUTF16ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUTF16ErrorMessage.en.md): MLUTF16ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSUTF16ErrorMessage.
- [MLUTF16LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUTF16LinkName.en.md): MLUTF16LinkName has been replaced by WSUTF16LinkName.
- [MLUTF32ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUTF32ErrorMessage.en.md): MLUTF32ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSUTF32ErrorMessage.
- [MLUTF32LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUTF32LinkName.en.md): MLUTF32LinkName has been replaced by WSUTF32LinkName.
- [MLUTF8ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUTF8ErrorMessage.en.md): MLUTF8ErrorMessage has been replaced by WSUTF8ErrorMessage.
- [MLUTF8LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLUTF8LinkName.en.md): MLUTF8LinkName has been replaced by WSUTF8LinkName.
- [MLVersionNumbers()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLVersionNumbers.en.md): MLVersionNumbers has been replaced by WSVersionNumbers.
- [MLWaitForLinkActivity()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLWaitForLinkActivity.en.md): MLWaitForLinkActivity has been replaced by WSWaitForLinkActivity.
- [MLWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback.en.md): MLWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback has been replaced by WSWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback.
- [MLYieldFunctionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLYieldFunctionObject.en.md): MLYieldFunctionObject has been replaced by WSYieldFunctionObject.
- [MLYieldParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/MLYieldParameters.en.md): The use of the MLYieldParameters object is obsolete and is only maintained for backwards compatibility.
- [stdenv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/stdenv.en.md): WSENV stdenv is a variable representing the standard WSTP environment in a program built from WSTP templates with mprep or mcc.
- [stdlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/stdlink.en.md): WSLINK stdlink is a variable representing the standard link that connects a program built from WSTP templates to the Wolfram Language.
- [WSAbort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSAbort.en.md): int WSAbort is a global variable set when a program created using mcc or mprep has been sent an abort message.
- [WSActivate()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSActivate.en.md): int WSActivate (WSLINK link) activates a WSTP connection, waiting for the program at the other end to respond.
- [WSAllocator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSAllocator.en.md): WSAllocator is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking an unsigned long argument and returning a void * that implements a memory allocator.
- [WSAllocParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSAllocParameter.en.md): int WSAllocParameter (WSEnvironmentParameter*p, WSAllocator*a, WSDeallocator*d) retrieves the current memory allocator and deallocator function pointers from the WSEnvironmentParameter object p and stores them in a and d.
- [WSBrowseCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSBrowseCallbackFunction.en.md): WSBrowseCallbackFunction is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking a WSENV object, a WSServiceRef object, an int object, a const char * object, and a void * object as arguments and returning void.
- [WSBrowseForLinkServices()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSBrowseForLinkServices.en.md): int WSBrowseForLinkServices (WSENV e, WSBrowseCallbackFunction f, const char *p, const char *d, void *c, WSServiceRef *r) starts browsing the network for WSTP services matching protocol p, in network domain d, asynchronously notifying the application of service statuses via the callback function f passing f the context object c and the browse operation reference r.
- [WSBytesToGet()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSBytesToGet.en.md): int WSBytesToGet (WSLINK link, int *n) calculates the number of bytes left to read in the textual representation of the current data and stores the result in n.
- [WSBytesToPut()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSBytesToPut.en.md): int WSBytesToPut (WSLINK link, int *n) calculates the number of bytes remaining to be written in the textual representation of the current data, and stores the result in n.
- [WSCheckFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSCheckFunction.en.md): int WSCheckFunction (WSLINK link, char *name, long *n) checks that a function whose head is a symbol with the specified name is on link, and stores the number of the arguments of the function in n.
- [WSClearError()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSClearError.en.md): int WSClearError (WSLINK link) clears errors on link if possible.
- [WSClose()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSClose.en.md): void WSClose (WSLINK link) closes a WSTP connection.
- [WSContextFromLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSContextFromLinkServer.en.md): void * WSContextFromLinkServer (WSLinkServer s, int *err) returns the context object associated with link server s when s was created.
- [WSCreateMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSCreateMark.en.md): WSMARK WSCreateMark (WSLINK link) creates a mark at the current position in a sequence of expressions on a link.
- [WSDeallocator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDeallocator.en.md): WSDeallocator is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking a void * as an argument and having a return type of void that implements a memory deallocator.
- [WSDeinitialize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDeinitialize.en.md): void WSDeinitialize (WSENV env) destructs the WSTP environment object.
- [WSDestroyMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDestroyMark.en.md): void WSDestroyMark (WSLINK link, WSMARK mark) destroys the specified mark on a link.
- [WSDisableLinkLock()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDisableLinkLock.en.md): void WSDisableLinkLock(WSLINK l) disables thread safety for the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSDisableLoggingStream()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDisableLoggingStream.en.md): int WSDisableLoggingStream(WSLINK l) disables logging of the stream contents for the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSDoNotHandleSignalParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDoNotHandleSignalParameter.en.md): long WSDoNotHandleSignalParameter (WSEnvironmentParameter p, int s) disables WSTP handling of signal s.
- [WSDuplicateLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSDuplicateLink.en.md): WSLINK WSDuplicateLink (WSLINK parent, const char *name, int *err) returns a copy of parent and sets the new link object's name to name.
- [WSEnableLinkLock()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSEnableLinkLock.en.md): void WSEnableLinkLock (WSLINK l) turns on thread safety for the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSEnableLoggingStream()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSEnableLoggingStream.en.md): int WSEnableLoggingStream (WSLINK l) enables logging for a WSTP connection specified by l previously disabled by a call to WSDisableLoggingStream ().
- [WSEndPacket()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSEndPacket.en.md): int WSEndPacket (WSLINK link) inserts an indicator in the expression stream that says the current expression is complete and is ready to be sent.
- [WSENV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSENV.en.md): WSENV is a WSTP type representing a WSTP library environment.
- [WSEnvironmentParameter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSEnvironmentParameter.en.md): WSEnvironmentParameter is a WSTP type representing a WSTP library environment parameter set.
- [WSError()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSError.en.md): int WSError (WSLINK link) returns a value identifying the last error to occur on link. WSError() returns WSEOK if no error has occurred since the previous call to WSClearError ().
- [WSErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSErrorMessage.en.md): const char * WSErrorMessage (WSLINK link) returns a character string describing the last error to occur on link.
- [WSEvaluate()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSEvaluate.en.md): int WSEvaluate (WSLINK link, char*string) sends a string of input suitable for use with ToExpression[] to the Wolfram Language for evaluation.
- [WSEvaluateString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSEvaluateString.en.md): int WSEvaluateString (WSLINK link, char *string) sends a string to the Wolfram Language for evaluation, and discards any packets sent in response.
- [wsextended_double](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/wsextended_double.en.md): wsextended_double is a WSTP type representing an extended-precision floating-point number.
- [WSFlush()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSFlush.en.md): int WSFlush (WSLINK link) flushes out any buffers containing data waiting to be sent on link.
- [WSFromLinkID()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSFromLinkID.en.md): WSLINK WSFromLinkID (WSENV env, long inumb) returns the link object with ID number inumb in the WSTP environment env.
- [WSGetArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetArgCount.en.md): int WSGetArgCount (WSLINK link, int *n) finds the number of arguments to a function on link and stores the result in n.
- [WSGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames.en.md): int WSGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames(WSENV env, char ***p, int *l) gets a list of strings containing the names of the install link protocols from the WSTP environment env storing the strings in p and the length of the list of names in l.
- [WSGetByteArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetByteArray.en.md): int WSGetByteArray (WSLINK link, unsigned char ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of 1-byte sized integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetByteString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetByteString.en.md): int WSGetByteString (WSLINK link, const unsigned char ** s, int *n, long spec) gets a string of characters from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the codes for the characters in s and the number of characters in n. The code spec is used for any character whose Wolfram Language character code is larger than 255.
- [WSGetByteSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetByteSymbol.en.md): int WSGetByteSymbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned char ** sp, int *len, long spec) gets a character string corresponding to the name of a symbol from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the resulting string in sp and the number of characters in len. The code spec is used for any character whose Wolfram Language character code is larger than 255.
- [WSGetData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetData.en.md): int WSGetData (WSLINK link, char *b, int len, int *count) gets textual data from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the result in a buffer b of maximum length len, and storing the actual number of bytes read in count.
- [WSGetDomainNameList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetDomainNameList.en.md): char ** WSGetDomainNameList (WSENV env, unsigned long *s) returns a list of ASCII strings containing the domain names available on the machine and the length of the list in s.
- [WSGetDouble()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetDouble.en.md): int WSGetDouble (WSLINK link, double *x) gets a floating-point number from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it as C type double in x.
- [WSGetFloat()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetFloat.en.md): int WSGetFloat (WSLINK link, float *x) gets a floating-point number from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it as C type float in x.
- [WSGetFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetFunction.en.md): int WSGetFunction (WSLINK link, const char ** s, int *n) gets a function with a symbol as a head from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the name of the symbol in s and the number of arguments of the function in n.
- [WSGetInteger16Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger16Array.en.md): int WSGetInteger16Array (WSLINK link, short ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of 16-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetInteger16()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger16.en.md): int WSGetInteger16 (WSLINK link, short *i) gets a 16-bit integer from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it as a C short in i.
- [WSGetInteger16List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger16List.en.md): int WSGetInteger16List (WSLINK link, short ** a, int *n) gets a list of 16-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the integers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetInteger32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger32Array.en.md): int WSGetInteger32Array (WSLINK link, int ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of 32-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetInteger32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger32.en.md): int WSGetInteger32 (WSLINK link, int *i) gets a 32-bit integer from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it in i.
- [WSGetInteger32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger32List.en.md): int WSGetInteger32List (WSLINK link, int ** a, int *n) gets a list of 32-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the integers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetInteger64Array](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger64Array.en.md): int WSGetInteger64Array (WSLINK link, wsint64 ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of native 64-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims, and its depth in d.
- [WSGetInteger64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger64.en.md): int WSGetInteger64 (WSLINK link, wsint64 *i) gets a native 64-bit integer from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it in i.
- [WSGetInteger64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger64List.en.md): int WSGetInteger64List (WSLINK link, wsint64 ** a, int *n) gets a list of native 64-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the integers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetInteger8Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger8Array.en.md): int WSGetInteger8Array(WSLINK l, unsigned char **s, int **d, char ***h, int *depth) gets an array of 8-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the array in s, its dimensions in d, heads in h, and its depth in depth.
- [WSGetInteger8()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger8.en.md): int WSGetInteger8(WSLINK l, unsigned char *i) gets an 8-bit integer from the WSTP connection specified by l and stores it in i.
- [WSGetInteger8List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger8List.en.md): int WSGetInteger8List(WSLINK l, unsigned char **i, int *c) gets a list of 8-bit integers from the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the integers in the array i and the length of the list in c.
- [WSGetIntegerArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetIntegerArray.en.md): int WSGetIntegerArray (WSLINK link, int ** a, long ** dims, char ***heads, long *d) gets an array of integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetInteger.en.md): int WSGetInteger (WSLINK link, int *i) gets an integer from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it in i.
- [WSGetIntegerList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetIntegerList.en.md): int WSGetIntegerList (WSLINK link, int ** a, long *n) gets a list of integers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the integers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetLinkedEnvIDString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetLinkedEnvIDString.en.md): int WSGetLinkedEnvIDString (WSLINK link, const char ** e) returns the identification string of the WSTP environment connected to link and stores it in e.
- [WSGetLinksFromEnvironment()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetLinksFromEnvironment.en.md): int WSGetLinksFromEnvironment(WSENV env, WSLINK **links, int *l) gets the list of currently open links in the WSTP environment env, and stores the list in links and the list length in l.
- [WSGetLongInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetLongInteger.en.md): int WSGetLongInteger (WSLINK link, long *i) gets an integer from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it as a C long in i.
- [WSGetMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetMessage.en.md): int WSGetMessage (WSLINK link, int* code, int*param) reads an out-of-band message code from the urgent message channel associated with link and stores the code in code and any parameter in param.
- [WSGetMessageHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetMessageHandler.en.md): WSMessageHandlerObject WSGetMessageHandler (WSLINK link) returns the message handler function installed for the WSLINK object link.
- [WSGetNetworkAddressList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNetworkAddressList.en.md): char ** WSGetNetworkAddressList (WSENV env, unsigned long *n) returns a list of ASCII strings containing the IP addresses of all the configured network interfaces on a machine and the length of list in n.
- [WSGetNext()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNext.en.md): int WSGetNext (WSLINK link) goes to the next object on link and returns its type.
- [WSGetNumberAsString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNumberAsString.en.md): int WSGetNumberAsString (WSLINK l, const char ** s) reads the next number on the WSTP connection specified by l as a string of ASCII characters representing the number value stored in the string s.
- [WSGetNumberAsUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNumberAsUCS2String.en.md): int WSGetNumberAsUCS2String (WSLINK l, const unsigned short ** s, int *n) reads the next number on the WSTP connection specified by l as a string of UCS2 characters representing the number value stored in the string s of length n.
- [WSGetNumberAsUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNumberAsUTF16String.en.md): int WSGetNumberAsUTF16String (WSLINK l, const unsigned short ** s, int *v, int *c) reads the next number of the WSTP connection specified by l as a string of UTF-16 characters representing the number value stored in the string s of length v and characters c.
- [WSGetNumberAsUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNumberAsUTF32String.en.md): int WSGetNumberAsUTF32String (WSLINK l, const unsigned int ** s, int n) reads the next number on the WSTP connection specified by l as a string of UTF-32 characters representing the number value stored in the string s of length n.
- [WSGetNumberAsUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetNumberAsUTF8String.en.md): int WSGetNumberAsUTF8String (WSLINK l, const unsigned char ** s, int *v, int *c) reads the next number of the WSTP connection specified by l as a string of UTF-8 characters representing the number value stored in the string s of length v with c characters.
- [WSGetReal128Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal128Array.en.md): int WSGetReal128Array (WSLINK link, wsextended_double ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of extended-precision floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetReal128()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal128.en.md): int WSGetReal128 (WSLINK link, wsextended_double *d) gets an extended-precision floating-point number from link and stores it in d.
- [WSGetReal128List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal128List.en.md): int WSGetReal128List (WSLINK link, wsextended_double ** a, int *n) gets a list of extended-precision floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the numbers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetReal32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal32Array.en.md): int WSGetReal32Array (WSLINK link, float ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of single-precision floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetReal32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal32.en.md): int WSGetReal32 (WSLINK link, float *x) gets a single-precision floating-point number from link and stores it as a float in x.
- [WSGetReal32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal32List.en.md): int WSGetReal32List (WSLINK link, float ** a, int *n) gets a list of single-precision floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the numbers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetReal64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal64Array.en.md): int WSGetReal64Array (WSLINK link, double ** a, int ** dims, char ***heads, int *d) gets an array of double-precision floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims and its depth in d.
- [WSGetReal64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal64.en.md): int WSGetReal64 (WSLINK link, double *x) gets a double-precision floating-point number from the WSTP connection link and stores it in x.
- [WSGetReal64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal64List.en.md): int WSGetReal64List (WSLINK link, double ** a, int *n) gets a list of double-precision floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the numbers in array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetRealArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetRealArray.en.md): int WSGetRealArray (WSLINK link, double ** a, long ** dims, char ***heads, long *d) gets an array of floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the array in a, its dimensions in dims, and its depth in d.
- [WSGetReal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetReal.en.md): int WSGetReal (WSLINK link, double *x) gets a floating-point number from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it in x.
- [WSGetRealList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetRealList.en.md): int WSGetRealList (WSLINK link, double ** a, long *n) gets a list of floating-point numbers from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the numbers in the array a and the length of the list in n.
- [WSGetShortInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetShortInteger.en.md): int WSGetShortInteger (WSLINK link, short *i) gets an integer from the WSTP connection specified by link and stores it as a C short in i.
- [WSGetString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetString.en.md): int WSGetString (WSLINK link, const char ** s) gets a character string from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s.
- [WSGetSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetSymbol.en.md): int WSGetSymbol (WSLINK link, const char ** s) gets a character string corresponding to the name of a symbol from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the resulting string in s.
- [WSGetType()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetType.en.md): int WSGetType (WSLINK link) gets the type of the current object on the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSGetUCS2Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUCS2Function.en.md): int WSGetUSC2Function(WSLINK l, const unsigned short **s, int *v, int *n) gets a function with a symbol as a head encoded in the UCS2 encoding form from the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the name of the symbol in s, the length of the UCS2 codes in v, and the number of arguments of the function in n.
- [WSGetUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUCS2String.en.md): int WSGetUCS2String (WSLINK link, const unsigned short ** s, int *n) gets a character string from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s as a sequence of UCS-2 characters.
- [WSGetUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUCS2Symbol.en.md): int WSGetUCS2Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned short ** s, int *len) gets a UCS-2 character string corresponding to the name of a symbol from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the resulting string in s and length in len.
- [WSGetUnicodeString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUnicodeString.en.md): int WSGetUnicodeString (WSLINK link, unsigned short ** s, long *n) gets a character string from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s as a sequence of 16-bit Unicode characters.
- [WSGetUTF16Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF16Function.en.md): int WSGetUTF16Function(WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int *v, int *n) gets a function with a symbol as a head encoded in the UTF-16 encoding form from the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the name of the symbol in s, the length of the UTF-16 codes in v, and the number of arguments to the function in n.
- [WSGetUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF16String.en.md): int WSGetUTF16String (WSLINK link, const unsigned short ** s, int *n, int *c) gets a UTF-16 character string from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s, the length of the string in n, and the number of characters in c.
- [WSGetUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF16Symbol.en.md): int WSGetUTF16Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned short ** s, int *n, int *c) gets a UTF-16 character string corresponding to the name of a symbol from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s, the length in n, and the number of characters in c.
- [WSGetUTF32Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF32Function.en.md): int WSGetUTF32Function(WSLINK l, const unsigned int **s, int *v, int *n) gets a function with a symbol as a head encoded in the UTF-32 encoding form from the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the name of the symbol in s, the length of the UTF-32 codes in v, and the number of arguments of the function in n.
- [WSGetUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF32String.en.md): int WSGetUTF32String (WSLINK link, const unsigned int ** s, int *len) gets a character string from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s as a sequence of UTF-32 characters and the length of the string in len.
- [WSGetUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF32Symbol.en.md): int WSGetUTF32Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned int ** s, int *len) gets a UTF-32 character string corresponding to the name of a symbol from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the resulting string in s and the length in len.
- [WSGetUTF8Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF8Function.en.md): int WSGetUTF8Function(WSLINK l, const unsigned char **s, int *v, int *n) gets a function with a symbol as a head encoded in the UTF-8 encoding form from the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the name of the symbol in s, the length of the UTF-8 codes in v, and the number of arguments of the function in n.
- [WSGetUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF8String.en.md): int WSGetUTF8String (WSLINK link, const unsigned char ** s, int *b, int *c) gets a UTF-8 character string from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the string in s, the number of bytes in the string in b, and the number of characters in the string in c.
- [WSGetUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetUTF8Symbol.en.md): int WSGetUTF8Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned char ** s, int *b, int *c) gets a UTF-8 encoded character string corresponding to the name of a symbol from the WSTP connection specified by link, storing the result in s, the number of bytes in the string in b, and the number of characters in the string in c.
- [WSGetYieldFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSGetYieldFunction.en.md): WSYieldFunctionObject WSGetYieldFunction (WSLINK link) returns the currently installed yield function for the link referenced by link.
- [WSHandleSignal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSHandleSignal.en.md): void WSHandleSignal (WSENV env, int s) Enables the WSTP library signal-handling mechanism for the Unix signal s.
- [WSInitialize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSInitialize.en.md): WSENV WSInitialize (WSEnvironmentParameter p) initializes the WSTP environment object and passes parameters in p.
- [wsint64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/wsint64.en.md): wsint64 is a WSTP type for storing 64-bit integers.
- [WSInterfaceFromLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSInterfaceFromLinkServer.en.md): const char * WSInterfaceFromLinkServer (WSLinkServer s, int *err) returns a C-style string that contains the IP address of the interface used by the link server s.
- [WSIsLinkLoopback()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSIsLinkLoopback.en.md): int WSIsLinkLoopback(WSLINK l) queries the WSTP connection given by l to see if the link is a loopback link.
- [WSLINK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLINK.en.md): WSLINK is a WSTP type representing a WSTP link object.
- [WSLinkEnvironment()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLinkEnvironment.en.md): WSENV WSLinkEnvironment (WSLINK l) gets the WSTP environment object that created the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSLinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLinkName.en.md): const char * WSLinkName (WSLINK link) returns the name string used to create the link.
- [WSLinkServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLinkServer.en.md): WSLinkServer is a WSTP type representing a WSTP link server.
- [WSLinkWaitCallBackObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLinkWaitCallBackObject.en.md): WSLinkWaitCallBackObject is a WSTP type representing a function pointer with the following declaration: int function(WSLINK l, void *u), where l is a WSTP connection and u is reserved for future use.
- [WSLogFileNameForLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLogFileNameForLink.en.md): int WSLogFileNameForLink(WSLINK l, const char **name) computes a suitable name and (optionally) a location in the file system for a log file to log the WSTP data stream in the WSTP connection specified by l and stores the name in name.
- [WSLogStreamToFile()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLogStreamToFile.en.md): int WSLLogStreamToFile (WSLINK l, const char *f) turns on logging of the WSTP connection specified by l and logs the contents of the stream to the file specified in f.
- [WSLoopbackOpen()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLoopbackOpen.en.md): WSLINK WSLoopbackOpen (WSENV env, int *errno) opens a loopback WSTP connection.
- [WSLowLevelDeviceName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSLowLevelDeviceName.en.md): int WSLowLevelDeviceName(WSLINK l, const char **name) gets the low-level protocol form of the link name of the WSTP connection specified by l, storing the result in name.
- [WSMain()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSMain.en.md): int WSMain (int argc, char ** argv) sets up communication between an external program started using Install and the Wolfram Language.
- [WSMARK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSMARK.en.md): WSMARK is a WSTP type representing a mark in the expression stream.
- [WSMessageHandlerObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSMessageHandlerObject.en.md): WSMessageHandlerObject is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking three arguments: an WSLINK, an int, and an int, and returning a void that implements an urgent message handler.
- [WSMessageReady()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSMessageReady.en.md): int WSMessageReady (WSLINK link) queries the link object link to see if the link has an out-of-band message.
- [WSNewLinkCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewLinkCallbackFunction.en.md): WSNewLinkCallbackFunction is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking a WSLinkServer object, and a WSLINK object as arguments and returning void.
- [WSNewLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewLinkServer.en.md): WSLinkServer WSNewLinkServer (WSENV e, void *c, int *err) starts a new TCPIP link server on a port and interface picked by the WSTP library, using context object c, and returning error conditions in err.
- [WSNewLinkServerWithPortAndInterface()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewLinkServerWithPortAndInterface.en.md): WSLinkServer WSNewLinkServerWithPortAndInterface (WSENV e, unsigned short p, const char *i, void *c, int *err) starts a new TCPIP link server on port p, and interface i, using context object c, and returning error conditions in err.
- [WSNewLinkServerWithPort()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewLinkServerWithPort.en.md): WSLinkServer WSNewLinkServerWithPort (WSENV e, unsigned short p, void *c, int *err) starts a new TCPIP link server on port p, using context object c, and returning error conditions in err.
- [WSNewPacket()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewPacket.en.md): int WSNewPacket (WSLINK link) skips to the end of the current packet on link.
- [WSNewParameters()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewParameters.en.md): WSEnvironmentParameter WSNewParameters (unsigned long rev, unsigned long apirev) allocates and initializes a WSEnvironmentParameter object and sets the WSTP revision number to the value specified by rev, and the WSTP API revision number to the value specified by apirev.
- [WSNewUnicodeContainer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNewUnicodeContainer.en.md): WSUnicodeContainer * WSNewUnicodeContainer (void *s, int l, enum WSUnicodeContainerType t) allocates and returns a new Unicode container containing a copy of the contents of the Unicode string s of length l, a string of type t.
- [WSNextPacket()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSNextPacket.en.md): int WSNextPacket (WSLINK link) goes to the next packet on link and returns a constant to indicate its head.
- [WSOpenArgcArgv()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSOpenArgcArgv.en.md): WSLINK WSOpenArgcArgv (WSENV env, int argc, char ** argv, int* errno) opens a WSTP connection, taking parameters from command-line arguments.
- [WSOpenString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSOpenString.en.md): WSLINK WSOpenString (WSENV env, const char *string, int *errno) opens a WSTP connection taking parameters from a character string.
- [WSPortFromLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPortFromLinkServer.en.md): unsigned short WSPortFromLinkServer (WSLinkServer s, int *err) returns the TCPIP port number used by link server s.
- [WSPutArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutArgCount.en.md): int WSPutArgCount (WSLINK link, int n) specifies the number of arguments of a composite function to be put on link.
- [WSPutByteArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutByteArray.en.md): int WSPutByteArray (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *a, const int *dims, const char ** heads, int d) puts an array of integers in the range 0-255 to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutByteString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutByteString.en.md): int WSPutByteString (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int n) puts a string of n characters starting from location s to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutByteSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutByteSymbol.en.md): int WSPutByteSymbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, long l) puts a symbol whose name is given by the character string s of length l to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutData.en.md): int WSPutData (WSLINK link, const char *b, int count) puts count bytes from the buffer b to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutDouble()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutDouble.en.md): int WSPutDouble (WSLINK link, double x) puts the floating-point number x of C type double to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutFloat()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutFloat.en.md): int WSPutFloat (WSLINK link, double x) puts the floating-point number x to the WSTP connection specified by link with a precision corresponding to the C type float.
- [WSPutFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutFunction.en.md): int WSPutFunction (WSLINK link, const char *s, int n) puts a function with head given by a symbol with name s and with n arguments to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger16Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger16Array.en.md): int WSPutInteger16Array (WSLINK link, const short *a, const int *dims, const char ** heads, int d) puts an array of 16-bit integers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutInteger16()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger16.en.md): int WSPutInteger16 (WSLINK link, int i) puts the 16-bit integer i to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger16List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger16List.en.md): int WSPutInteger16List (WSLINK link, const short *a, int n) puts a list of n 16-bit integers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger32Array.en.md): int WSPutInteger32Array (WSLINK link, const int *a, const int *dims, const char ** heads, int d) puts an array of 32-bit integers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutInteger32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger32.en.md): int WSPutInteger32 (WSLINK link, int i) puts the 32-bit integer i to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger32List.en.md): int WSPutInteger32List (WSLINK link, const int *a, int n) puts a list of n 32-bit integers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger64Array.en.md): int WSPutInteger64Array (WSLINK link, const wsint64 *a, const int *dims, const char ** heads, int d) puts an array of native 64-bit integers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutInteger64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger64.en.md): int WSPutInteger64 (WSLINK link, wsint64 i) puts the native 64-bit integer i to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger64List.en.md): int WSPutInteger64List (WSLINK link, const wsint64 *a, int n) puts a list of n native 64-bit integers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutInteger8Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger8Array.en.md): int WSPutInteger8Array(WSLINK l, const unsigned char *a, const int *d, const char **h, int d) puts an array of 8-bit integers to the WSTP connection specified by l to form a depth-d array with dimensions d.
- [WSPutInteger8()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger8.en.md): int WSPutInteger8((WSLINK l, unsigned char i) puts the 8-bit integer i to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutInteger8List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger8List.en.md): int WSPutInteger8List((WSLINK l, const unsigned char *a, int n) puts a list of n 8-bit integers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutIntegerArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutIntegerArray.en.md): int WSPutIntegerArray (WSLINK link, const int *a, const long *dims, const char ** heads, long d) puts an array of integers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutInteger.en.md): int WSPutInteger (WSLINK link, int i) puts the integer i to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutIntegerList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutIntegerList.en.md): int WSPutIntegerList (WSLINK link, const int *a, long n) puts a list of n integers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutLongInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutLongInteger.en.md): int WSPutLongInteger (WSLINK link, long i) puts the long integer i to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutMessage.en.md): int WSPutMessage (WSLINK link, int msg) sends the message msg to the link object link.
- [WSPutMessageWithArg()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutMessageWithArg.en.md): int WSPutMessageWithArg (WSLINK link, int msg, int arg) sends the message msg and its argument arg to the link object link.
- [WSPutNext()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutNext.en.md): int WSPutNext (WSLINK link, int type) prepares to put an object of the specified type on link.
- [WSPutRawData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRawData.en.md): int WSPutRawData (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *d, int l) puts raw character data or numeric data from d of length-l bytes to link.
- [WSPutRawSize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRawSize.en.md): int WSPutRawSize (WSLINK link, int s) prepares link to receive raw character data or numeric data of length-s bytes.
- [WSPutReal128Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal128Array.en.md): int WSPutReal128Array (WSLINK link, const wsextended_double *a, const int *dims, const char ** heads, int d) puts an array of extended-precision floating-point numbers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutReal128()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal128.en.md): int WSPutReal128 (WSLINK link, wstpextended_double d) puts the extend-precision floating-point number d to the WS connection specified by link.
- [WSPutReal128List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal128List.en.md): int WSPutReal128List (WSLINK link, const wsextended_double *a, int n) puts a list of n extended-precision floating-point numbers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutReal32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal32Array.en.md): int WSPutReal32Array (WSLINK link, float *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) puts an array of single-precision floating-point numbers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutReal32()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal32.en.md): int WSPutReal32 (WSLINK link, double x) puts the single-precision floating-point number x to the WSTP connection specified by link with a precision corresponding to the C type float.
- [WSPutReal32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal32List.en.md): int WSPutReal32List (WSLINK link, const float *a, int n) puts a list of n single-precision floating-point numbers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutReal64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal64Array.en.md): int WSPutReal64Array (WSLINK link, const double *a, const int *dims, const char ** heads, int d) puts an array of double-precision floating-point numbers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutReal64()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal64.en.md): int WSPutReal64 (WSLINK link, double x) puts the double-precision floating-point number x to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutReal64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal64List.en.md): int WSPutReal64List (WSLINK link, const double *a, int n) puts a list of n double-precision floating-point numbers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutRealArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealArray.en.md): int WSPutRealArray (WSLINK link, const double *a, const long *dims, const char ** heads, long d) puts an array of floating-point numbers to the WSTP connection specified by link to form a depth-d array with dimensions dims.
- [WSPutReal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutReal.en.md): int WSPutReal (WSLINK link, double x) puts the floating-point number x to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutRealList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealList.en.md): int WSPutRealList (WSLINK link, const double *a, long n) puts a list of n floating-point numbers starting from location a to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutRealNumberAsString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealNumberAsString.en.md): int WSPutRealNumberAsString (WSLINK l, const char *s ) sends a floating-point number encoded as ASCII string s to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutRealNumberAsUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealNumberAsUCS2String.en.md): int WSPutRealNumberAsUCS2String (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s) sends a floating-point number encoded as UCS2 string s to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutRealNumberAsUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealNumberAsUTF16String.en.md): int WSPutRealNumberAsUTF16String (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int n) sends a floating-point number encoded as UTF-16 string s of length n to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutRealNumberAsUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealNumberAsUTF32String.en.md): int WSPutRealNumberAsUTF32String (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *s, int n) sends the floating-point number encoded as UTF-32 string s of length n to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutRealNumberAsUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutRealNumberAsUTF8String.en.md): int WSPutRealNumberAsUTF8String (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *s, int n) sends a floating-point number encoded as UTF-8 string s of length n to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutShortInteger()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutShortInteger.en.md): int WSPutShortInteger (WSLINK link, int i) puts the integer i to the WSTP connection specified by link, assuming that i contains only the number of digits in the C type short.
- [WSPutSize()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutSize.en.md): int WSPutSize (WSLINK link, int len) specifies the length in bytes of the textual data to be put on link.
- [WSPutString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutString.en.md): int WSPutString (WSLINK link, const char*s) puts a null-terminated string of C characters to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutSymbol.en.md): int WSPutSymbol (WSLINK link, const char *s) puts a symbol whose name is given by the character string s to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutType()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutType.en.md): int WSPutType (WSLINK link, int type) prepares link to put an object of the specified type.
- [WSPutUCS2Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUCS2Function.en.md): int WSPutUCS2Function((WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int v, int n) puts a function with head given by a UCS2 encoded symbol with name s of length v and with n arguments to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUCS2String.en.md): int WSPutUCS2String (WSLINK link, const unsigned short *s, int n) puts a string of n 16-bit UCS-2 characters to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUCS2Symbol.en.md): int WSPutUCS2Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned short *s, int len) puts a symbol whose name is given by s with length len to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUnicodeString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUnicodeString.en.md): int WSPutUnicodeString (WSLINK link, unsigned short *s, long n) puts a string of n 16-bit Unicode characters to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUTF16Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF16Function.en.md): int WSPutUTF16Function((WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int v, int n) puts a function with head given by a UTF-16 encoded symbol with name s of length v and with n arguments to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF16String.en.md): int WSPutUTF16String (WSLINK link, const unsigned short *s, int len) puts a UTF-16 string s of length len to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF16Symbol.en.md): int WSPutUTF16Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned short *s, int len) puts a symbol whose name is given by UTF-16 encoded string s with length len to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUTF32Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF32Function.en.md): int WSPutUTF32Function((WSLINK l, const unsigned int *s, int v, int n) puts a function with head given by a UTF-32 encoded symbol with name s of length v and with n arguments to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF32String.en.md): int WSPutUTF32String (WSLINK link, const unsigned int *s, int len) puts a UTF-32 string s of length len to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF32Symbol.en.md): int WSPutUTF32Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned int *s, int len) puts a symbol whose name is given by UTF-32 encoded string s with length len to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUTF8Function()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF8Function.en.md): int WSPutUTF8Function((WSLINK l, const unsigned char *s, int v, int n) puts a function with head given by a UTF-8 encoded symbol with name s of length v and with n arguments to the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSPutUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF8String.en.md): int WSPutUTF8String (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int len) puts a UTF-8 string s of len bytes to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSPutUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSPutUTF8Symbol.en.md): int WSPutUTF8Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int len) puts a symbol whose name is given by UTF-8 encoded string s with length len to the WSTP connection specified by link.
- [WSReady()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReady.en.md): int WSReady (WSLINK link) tests whether there is data ready to be read from link.
- [WSReadyParallel()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReadyParallel.en.md): int WSReadyParallel (WSENV env, WSLINK *links, int n, wstimeval waittime) takes a list of link objects of length n and waits a timeout period specified by waittime for one of those links to have data ready to read.
- [WSRegisterCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSRegisterCallbackFunction.en.md): WSRegisterCallbackFunction is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking an WSENV object, an WSServiceRef object, an int object, a const char * object, and a void * object as arguments and returning void.
- [WSRegisterCallbackFunctionWithLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSRegisterCallbackFunctionWithLinkServer.en.md): void WSRegisterCallbackFunctionWithLinkServer (WSLinkServer s, WSNewLinkCallbackFunction f) registers the callback function f with the link server s.
- [WSRegisterLinkService()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSRegisterLinkService.en.md): WSLINK WSRegisterLinkService (WSENV e, const char *p, const char *n, WSRegisterCallbackFunction f, const char *d, void *c, WSServiceRef *r, int *err) starts the process of advertising the WSTP service named n, for the protocol p on the network, advertising the service on network domain d, asynchronously notifying the application of the registration results via the callback function f, and passing f the context object c and the resolve operation reference r.
- [WSRegisterLinkServiceWithHostname()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSRegisterLinkServiceWithHostname.en.md): WSLINK WSRegisterLinkServiceWithHostname (WSENV e, const char *p, const char *n, const char *h, WSRegisterCallbackFunction f, const char *d, void *c, WSServiceRef *r, int *err) starts the process of advertising the WSTP link service named n, for protocol p on the network, advertising the service on a port picked by the operating system and network interface h for network domain d, asynchronously notifying the application of registration results via the callback function f, passing f the ...
- [WSRegisterLinkServiceWithPortAndHostname()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSRegisterLinkServiceWithPortAndHostname.en.md): WSLINK WSRegisterLinkServiceWithPortAndHostname (WSENV e, const char *pr, const char *n, unsigned short p, const char *h, WSRegisterCallbackFunction f, const char *d, void *c, WSServiceRef *r, int *err) starts the process of advertising the WSTP link service named n, for protocol p, on the network, advertising the service on port p and network interface h for network domain d, asynchronously notifying the application of the registration results via the callback function f, passing f, the ...
- [WSReleaseByteArray()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseByteArray.en.md): As of Version 10.0, WSReleaseByteArray() has been superseded by WSReleaseInteger8Array ().
- [WSReleaseByteString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseByteString.en.md): void WSReleaseByteString (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetByteString() to store the array of character codes s.
- [WSReleaseByteSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseByteSymbol.en.md): void WSReleaseByteSymbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetByteSymbol() to store the character string s corresponding to the name of a symbol.
- [WSReleaseDomainNameList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseDomainNameList.en.md): void WSReleaseDomainNameList (WSENV env, char ** l, int n) frees the memory allocated by WSGetDomainNameList() stored in list l of length n.
- [WSReleaseEnvIDString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseEnvIDString.en.md): void WSReleaseEnvIDString (WSLINK link, const char *s) disowns the memory allocated by WSGetLinkedEnvIDString() to store the identification string s.
- [WSReleaseErrorMessage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseErrorMessage.en.md): void MSReleaseErrorMessage((WSLINK l, const char *m) releases the memory used by an error message string generated by the WSTP connection specified in l, contained in m.
- [WSReleaseInteger16Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger16Array.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger16Array (WSLINK link, short *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) disowns memory allocated by WSGetInteger16Array() to store the array a, its dimensions dims, and the heads heads.
- [WSReleaseInteger16List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger16List.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger16List (WSLINK link, short *a, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetInteger16List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseInteger32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger32Array.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger32Array (WSLINK link, int *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) disowns memory allocated by WSGetInteger32Array() to store the array a, its dimensions dims and the heads heads.
- [WSReleaseInteger32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger32List.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger32List (WSLINK link, int *a, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetInteger32List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseInteger64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger64Array.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger64Array (WSLINK link, wstpint64 *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) disowns memory allocated by WSGetInteger64Array() to store the array a, its dimensions dims and the heads heads.
- [WSReleaseInteger64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger64List.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger64List (WSLINK link, wstpint64 *a, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetInteger64List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseInteger8Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger8Array.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger8Array(WSLINK l, unsigned char *a, int *d, char **h, int depth) releases memory allocated by WSGetInteger8Array() to store the array a, its dimensions d, and the heads h.
- [WSReleaseInteger8List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInteger8List.en.md): void WSReleaseInteger8List(WSLINK l, unsigned char *a, int n) releases memory allocated by WSGetInteger8List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseInterfaceFromLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseInterfaceFromLinkServer.en.md): void WSReleaseInterfaceFromLinkServer (WSLinkServer s, const char *i) frees memory i allocated by the WSTP library in a call to WSInterfaceFromLinkServer() for server s.
- [WSReleaseLinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseLinkName.en.md): void WSReleaseLinkName(WSLINK l, const char *n) releases memory allocated by WSLinkName() to store the link name n for the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSReleaseLinkProtocolNames()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseLinkProtocolNames.en.md): void WSReleaseLinkProtocolNames(WSENV env, char **n, int l) releases memory allocated by WSGetAvailableLinkProtocolNames() to store the link protocol names in n and the length of the list in l.
- [WSReleaseLinksFromEnvironment()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseLinksFromEnvironment.en.md): void WSReleaseLinksFromEnvironment(WSENV env, WSLINK *l, int n) releases memory allocated by WSGetLinksFromEnvironment() to store the links in l, a list of length n.
- [WSReleaseLogFileNameForLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseLogFileNameForLink.en.md): void WSReleaseLogFileNameForLink (WSLINK l, const char *n) releases memory allocated by WSLogFileNameForLink() to store the log name in n for the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSReleaseLowLevelDeviceName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseLowLevelDeviceName.en.md): void WSReleaseLowLevelDeviceName(WSLINK l, const char *n) releases memory allocated by WSLowLevelDeviceName() to store the low-level protocol form of the link name of the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSReleaseNetworkAddressList()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseNetworkAddressList.en.md): void WSReleaseNetworkAddressList (WSENV env, char ** l, int n) frees the memory allocated by WSGetNetworkAddressList() stored in list l of length n.
- [WSReleaseParameters()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseParameters.en.md): void WSReleaseParameters(WSEnvironmentParameter e) releases memory allocated by WSNewParameters() and stored in e.
- [WSReleaseReal128Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseReal128Array.en.md): void WSReleaseReal128Array (WSLINK link, wstpextended_double *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) disowns the memory allocated by WSGetReal128Array() to store the array a, its dimensions dims, and the heads heads.
- [WSReleaseReal128List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseReal128List.en.md): void WSReleaseReal128List (WSLINK link, wstpextended_double *a, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetReal128List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseReal32Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseReal32Array.en.md): void WSReleaseReal32Array (WSLINK link, float *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) disowns the memory allocated by WSGetReal32Array()to store the array a, its dimensions dims and the heads heads.
- [WSReleaseReal32List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseReal32List.en.md): void WSReleaseReal32List (WSLINK link, float *a, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetReal32List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseReal64Array()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseReal64Array.en.md): void WSReleaseReal64Array (WSLINK link, double *a, int *dims, char ** heads, int d) disowns memory allocated by WSGetReal64Array() to store the array a, its dimensions dims and the heads heads.
- [WSReleaseReal64List()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseReal64List.en.md): void WSReleaseReal64List (WSLINK link, double *a, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetReal64List() to store the array a of length n.
- [WSReleaseString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseString.en.md): void WSReleaseString (WSLINK link, const char *s) disowns memory allocated by WSGetString() to store the character string s.
- [WSReleaseSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseSymbol.en.md): void WSReleaseSymbol (WSLINK link, char *s) disowns memory allocated by WSGetSymbol() or WSGetFunction() to store the character string s corresponding to the name of a symbol.
- [WSReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage.en.md): void WSReleaseUCS2ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *m, int n) releases memory allocated by WSUCS2ErrorMessage() stored in m, an array of UCS2 characters of length n.
- [WSReleaseUCS2LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUCS2LinkName.en.md): void WSReleaseUCS2LinkName (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *n, int v) releases memory allocated by WSUCS2LinkName() to store the UCS2 encoded link name n, of length v.
- [WSReleaseUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUCS2String.en.md): void WSReleaseUCS2String (WSLINK link, unsigned short *s, int n) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUCS2String() to store the string s.
- [WSReleaseUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUCS2Symbol.en.md): void WSReleaseUCS2Symbol (WSLINK link, unsigned short *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUCS2Symbol() to store the UCS-2 Unicode string s with length len corresponding to the name of a symbol.
- [WSReleaseUnicodeContainer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUnicodeContainer.en.md): void WSReleaseUnicodeContainer (WSUnicodeContainer *c) releases the memory used to store the WSUnicodeContainer object c.
- [WSReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF16ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *m, int n) releases memory allocated by WSUTF16ErrorMessage() to store the UTF-16 encoded message in m, an array of length n.
- [WSReleaseUTF16LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF16LinkName.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF16LinkName (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *n, int v) releases memory allocated by WSUTF16LinkName() to store the UTF-16 encoded link name n, an array of length v.
- [WSReleaseUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF16String.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF16String (WSLINK link, const unsigned short *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUTF16String() to store the UTF-16 encoded string s.
- [WSReleaseUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF16Symbol.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF16Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned short *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUTF16Symbol() to store the UTF-16 encoded character string s corresponding to the name of a symbol.
- [WSReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF32ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *m, int n) releases memory allocated by WSUTF32ErrorMessage() to store the UTF-32 encoded message in m, an array of length n.
- [WSReleaseUTF32LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF32LinkName.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF32LinkName (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *n, int v) releases memory allocated by WSUTF32LinkName() to store the UTF-32 encoded link name n, an array of length v.
- [WSReleaseUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF32String.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF32String (WSLINK link, const unsigned int *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUTF32String() to store the UTF-32 encoded string s.
- [WSReleaseUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF32Symbol.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF32Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned int *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUTF32Symbol() to store the UTF-32 encoded character string s corresponding to the name of a symbol.
- [WSReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF8ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *m, int n) releases memory allocated by WSUTF8ErrorMessage() to store the UTF-8 encoded message in m, an array of length n.
- [WSReleaseUTF8LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF8LinkName.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF8LinkName (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *n, int v) releases memory allocated by WSUTF8LinkName() to store the UTF-8 encoded link name n, an array of length v.
- [WSReleaseUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF8String.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF8String (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUTF8String()to store the UTF-8 encoded string s.
- [WSReleaseUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSReleaseUTF8Symbol.en.md): void WSReleaseUTF8Symbol (WSLINK link, const unsigned char *s, int len) disowns memory allocated by WSGetUTF8Symbol() to store the UTF-8 encoded character string s corresponding to the name of a symbol.
- [WSResolveCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSResolveCallbackFunction.en.md): WSResolveCallbackFunction is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking an WSENV object, an WSServiceRef object, a const char * string holding the service name, a const char * string holding the link name, a const char * string holding the link protocol, an int holding the link options, and a void * object as a context object and returning void.
- [WSResolveLinkService()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSResolveLinkService.en.md): int WSResolveLinkService (WSENV e, WSResolveCallbackFunction f, const char *p, const char *n, void *c, WSServiceRef *r) starts querying the network to resolve the connection details for the link service named n, a service for protocol p, asynchronously notifying the application of the connection details via the callback function f, passing f the context object c and the resolve operation reference r.
- [WSSeekMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSeekMark.en.md): WSMARK WSSeekMark (WSLINK link, WSMARK mark, int n) goes back to a position n expressions after the specified mark on a link.
- [WSSeekToMark()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSeekToMark.en.md): WSMARK WSSeekToMark (WSLINK link, WSMARK mark, int n) goes to the position n expressions after the specified mark on a link.
- [WSServiceRef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSServiceRef.en.md): WSServiceRef is a WSTP type that contains a reference to a service discovery browse operation, service resolve operation, or service registration operation.
- [WSSetAllocParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetAllocParameter.en.md): void WSSetAllocParameter (WSEnvironmentParameter p, WSAllocator a, WSDeallocator d) sets the memory allocator and deallocator specified by a and d in the WSEnvironmentParameter object p for later use with WSInitialize ().
- [WSSetEnvIDString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetEnvIDString.en.md): int WSSetEnvIDString (WSENV env, const char *eid) sets the WSTP environment identification string to eid.
- [WSSetMessageHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetMessageHandler.en.md): int WSSetMessageHandler (WSLINK link, WSMessageHandlerObject h) installs the urgent message handler function referenced by h for for link.
- [WSSetSignalHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetSignalHandler.en.md): int WSSetSignalHandler (WSENV env, int s, void *sa) installs the Unix signal handler detailed in the object sa for signal s in the WSTP library signal-handling mechanism.
- [WSSetSignalHandlerFromFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetSignalHandlerFromFunction.en.md): int WSSetSignalHandlerFromFunction (WSENV ep, int s, void *sf) installs the Unix signal handler pointed to by sf for signal s in the WSTP library signal-handling mechanism.
- [WSSetThreadSafeLinksParameter()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetThreadSafeLinksParameter.en.md): long WSSetThreadSafeLinksParameter (WSEnvironmentParameter p) enables thread safety for all links created by the WSTP environment object initialized with p.
- [WSSetUserData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetUserData.en.md): void WSSetUserData (WSLINK link, void* d, WSUserFunction f) installs the users data object data and function f in link.
- [WSSetYieldFunction()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSSetYieldFunction.en.md): int WSSetYieldFunction (WSLINK link, WSYieldFunctionObject yf) installs the yield function yf for the link referenced by link.
- [WSShutdownLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSShutdownLinkServer.en.md): void WSShutdownLinkServer (WSLinkServer s) stops the TCPIP link server interface represented by the link server object s.
- [WSStopBrowsingForLinkServices()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSStopBrowsingForLinkServices.en.md): void WSStopBrowsingForLinkServices (WSENV e, WSServiceRef r) terminates the WSTP network link service browse operation referred to by r.
- [WSStopHandlingSignal()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSStopHandlingSignal.en.md): void WSStopHandlingSignal (WSENV env, int s) Stops the WSTP library from handling the Unix signal s in the library signal-handling mechanism.
- [WSStopLoggingStream()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSStopLoggingStream.en.md): int WSStopLoggingStream (WSLINK l) disables all logging activity for the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSStopLoggingStreamToFile()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSStopLoggingStreamToFile.en.md): int WSStopLoggingStreamToFile (WSLINK l, const char *n) disables logging of the stream activity for the WSTP connection specified by l to the file named by n.
- [WSStopRegisteringLinkService()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSStopRegisteringLinkService.en.md): void WSStopRegisteringLinkService (WSENV e, WSLINK l, WSServiceRef r) terminates the WSTP network link service registration operation referred to by r and closes the link l.
- [WSStopResolvingLinkService()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSStopResolvingLinkService.en.md): void WSStopResolvingLinkService (WSENV e, WSServiceRef r) terminates the WSTP network link service resolve operation referred to by r.
- [WSTestHead()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestHead.en.md): int WSTestHead (WSLINK link, const char *head, int *n) tests that the next object to be read from link is an expression with head head, and stores the number of arguments of the expression in n.
- [WSTestHeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestHeadWithArgCount.en.md): int WSTestHeadWithArgCount (WSLINK l, const char *s, int *n) tests that the next object to be read from the WSTP connection specified by l is an expression with head s, and that the number of arguments of the expression is n.
- [WSTestString()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestString.en.md): int WSTestString (WSLINK l, const char *s) tests that the next expression to be read from l is a string with the value s.
- [WSTestSymbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestSymbol.en.md): int WSTestSymbol (WSLINK l, const char *s) tests that the next expression on the WSTP connection specified by l is a symbol with the value s.
- [WSTestUCS2Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUCS2Head.en.md): int WSTestUCS2Head (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *h, int v, int *n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is an expression with the head h and a UCS2 encoded name of length v, and stores the number of arguments of the expression in n.
- [WSTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount.en.md): int WSTestUCS2HeadWithArgCount (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int v, int *n) tests that the next object to be read from the WSTP connection specified by l is an expression with head s, an UCS-2 encoded character string of length v, and that the number of arguments of the expression is n.
- [WSTestUCS2String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUCS2String.en.md): int WSTestUCS2String (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is a string with the value s, a UCS2 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUCS2Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUCS2Symbol.en.md): int WSTestUCS2Symbol (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int n) tests that the next expression on the WSTP connection specified by l is a symbol with the value s, a UCS2 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUTF16Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF16Head.en.md): int WSTestUTF16Head (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *h, int v, int *n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is an expression with the head h and a UTF-16 encoded name of length v, and stores the number of arguments of the expression in n.
- [WSTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount.en.md): int WSTestUTF16HeadWithArgCount (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int v, int *n) tests that the next object to be read from the WSTP connection specified by l is an expression with head s, an UTF-16 encoded character string of length v, and that the number of arguments of the expression is n.
- [WSTestUTF16String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF16String.en.md): int WSTestUTF16String (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is a string with the value s, a UTF-16 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUTF16Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF16Symbol.en.md): int WSTestUTF16Symbol (WSLINK l, const unsigned short *s, int n) tests that the next expression on the WSTP connection specified by l is a symbol with the value s, a UTF-16 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUTF32Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF32Head.en.md): int WSTestUTF32Head (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *h, int v, int *n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is an expression with the head h, a UTF-32 encoded name of length v, and stores the number of arguments of the expression in n.
- [WSTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount.en.md): int WSTestUTF32HeadWithArgCount (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *s, int v, int *n) tests that the next object to be read from the WSTP connection specified by l is an expression with head s, an UTF-32 encoded character string of length v, and that the number of arguments of the expression is n.
- [WSTestUTF32String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF32String.en.md): int WSTestUTF32String (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *s, int n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is a string with the value s, a UTF-32 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUTF32Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF32Symbol.en.md): int WSTestUTF32Symbol (WSLINK l, const unsigned int *s, int n) tests that the next expression on the WSTP connection specified by l is a symbol with the value s, a UTF-32 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUTF8Head()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF8Head.en.md): int WSTestUTF8Head (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *h, int v, int *n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is an expression with the head h and a UTF-8 encoded name of length v, and stores the number of arguments of the expression in n.
- [WSTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount.en.md): int WSTestUTF8HeadWithArgCount (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *s, int v, int *n) tests that the next object to be read from the WSTP connection specified by l is an expression with head s, an UTF-8 encoded character string of length v, and that the number of arguments of the expression is n.
- [WSTestUTF8String()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF8String.en.md): int WSTestUTF8String (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *s, int n) tests that the next expression to be read from l is a string with the value s, a UTF-8 encoded string of length n.
- [WSTestUTF8Symbol()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTestUTF8Symbol.en.md): int WSTestUTF8Symbol (WSLINK l, const unsigned char *s, int n) tests that the next expression on the WSTP connection specified by l is a symbol with the value s, a UTF-8 encoded string of length n.
- [wstimeval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/wstimeval.en.md): wstimeval is a WSTP type used for storing time arguments.
- [WSToLinkID()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSToLinkID.en.md): long WSToLinkID (WSLINK link) returns the ID number of link.
- [WSTransferExpression()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTransferExpression.en.md): int WSTransferExpression (WSLINK dst, WSLINK src) transfers an expression to destination link dst from source link src.
- [WSTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink.en.md): int WSTransferToEndOfLoopbackLink (WSLINK d, WSLINK s) transfers the full contents of the loopback link s to the destination link d.
- [WSUCS2ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUCS2ErrorMessage.en.md): const unsigned short * WSUCS2ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, int *n) returns a characters string encoded in UCS2 encoding form of length n describing the last error to occur on the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUCS2LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUCS2LinkName.en.md): const unsigned short * WSUCS2LinkName (WSLINK l, int *n) returns the name of the link encoded as an UCS2 encoded string of length n from the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUnicodeContainer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUnicodeContainer.en.md): WSUnicodeContainer is a WSTP type for storing UCS-2, UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32 encoded strings and their lengths for easy passing of Unicode strings between functions in WSTP template programs.
- [WSUnicodeContainerType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUnicodeContainerType.en.md): WSUnicodeContainerType is an enum type with four values: UCS2ContainerType, UTF8ContainerType, UTF16ContainerType, and UTF32ContainerType.
- [WSUnsetSignalHandler()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUnsetSignalHandler.en.md): int WSUnsetSignalHandler (WSENV env, int signum, void *f) removes the Unix signal-handler function f as a signal handler for signal signum from the WSTP library signal-handling mechanism.
- [WSUserData()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUserData.en.md): void * WSUserData (WSLINK link, WSUserFunction *fp) returns the data object and function pointer installed by WSSetUserData ().
- [WSUserFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUserFunction.en.md): WSUserFunction is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking an WSLINK argument with a return type of void.
- [WSUTF16ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUTF16ErrorMessage.en.md): const unsigned short * WSUTF16ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, int *n) returns a character string of length n encoded in the UTF-16 character encoding that represents the message describing the last error to occur on the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUTF16LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUTF16LinkName.en.md): const unsigned short * WSUTF16LinkName (WSLINK l, int *n) returns the a string of length n encoded in the UTF-16 encoding form representing the name of the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUTF32ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUTF32ErrorMessage.en.md): const unsigned int * WSUTF32ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, int *n) returns a string encoded in the UTF-32 encoding form of length n describing the last error to occur on the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUTF32LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUTF32LinkName.en.md): const unsigned int * WSUTF32LinkName (WSLINK l, int *n) returns a string of length n encoded in the UTF-32 encoding form representing the name string used to create the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUTF8ErrorMessage()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUTF8ErrorMessage.en.md): const unsigned char * WSUTF8ErrorMessage (WSLINK l, int *n) returns a string of length n encoded in the UTF-8 character encoding form describing the last error to occur on the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSUTF8LinkName()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSUTF8LinkName.en.md): const unsigned char * WSUTF8LinkName (WSLINK l, int *n) returns a string of length n encoded in the UTF-8 encoding form representing the name string used to create the WSTP connection specified by l.
- [WSVersionNumbers()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSVersionNumbers.en.md): void WSVersionNumbers (WSENV ep, int *inumb, int *rnumb, int *bnumb) returns the WSTP API interface number, revision number, and build number and stores them respectively in inumb, rnumb, and bnumb.
- [WSWaitForLinkActivity()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSWaitForLinkActivity.en.md): int WSWaitForLinkActivity (WSLINK l) does not return until the WSTP connection specified by l has data to read.
- [WSWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback.en.md): int WSWaitForLinkActivityWithCallback (WSLINK l, WSLinkWaitCallBackObject callback) does not return until the WSTP connection specified by l has data to read, but periodically calls back to the function passed as callback.
- [WSWaitForNewLinkFromLinkServer()](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSWaitForNewLinkFromLinkServer.en.md): WSLINK WSWaitForNewLinkFromLinkServer (WSLinkServer s, int *err) waits till link server s has a new connection.
- [WSYieldFunctionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/c/WSYieldFunctionObject.en.md): WSYieldFunctionObject is a WSTP type that describes a function pointer to a function taking a WSLINK object as an argument and a WSYieldParameters object as an argument and returning an int.

### character

- [\\[AAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[ABar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ABar.en.md): 
- [\\[ACup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ACup.en.md): 
- [\\[ADoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ADoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[AE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AE.en.md): 
- [\\[AGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[AHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AHat.en.md): 
- [\\[Aleph]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Aleph.en.md): 
- [\\[AliasDelimiter]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AliasDelimiter.en.md): 
- [\\[AliasIndicator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AliasIndicator.en.md): 
- [\\[AlignmentMarker]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AlignmentMarker.en.md): 
- [\\[Alpha]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Alpha.en.md): 
- [\\[AltKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AltKey.en.md): 
- [\\[And]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/And.en.md): 
- [\\[Angle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Angle.en.md): 
- [\\[Angstrom]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Angstrom.en.md): 
- [\\[Application]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Application.en.md): 
- [\\[AquariusSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AquariusSign.en.md): 
- [\\[AriesSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AriesSign.en.md): 
- [\\[ARing]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ARing.en.md): 
- [\\[AscendingEllipsis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AscendingEllipsis.en.md): 
- [\\[ATilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ATilde.en.md): 
- [\\[AutoLeftMatch]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AutoLeftMatch.en.md): 
- [\\[AutoOperand]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AutoOperand.en.md): 
- [\\[AutoPlaceholder]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AutoPlaceholder.en.md): 
- [\\[AutoRightMatch]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AutoRightMatch.en.md): 
- [\\[AutoSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/AutoSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[Backslash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Backslash.en.md): 
- [\\[BeamedEighthNote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BeamedEighthNote.en.md): 
- [\\[BeamedSixteenthNote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BeamedSixteenthNote.en.md): 
- [\\[Because]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Because.en.md): 
- [\\[Beta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Beta.en.md): 
- [\\[Bet]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Bet.en.md): 
- [\\[BlackBishop]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BlackBishop.en.md): 
- [\\[BlackKing]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BlackKing.en.md): 
- [\\[BlackKnight]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BlackKnight.en.md): 
- [\\[BlackPawn]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BlackPawn.en.md): 
- [\\[BlackQueen]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BlackQueen.en.md): 
- [\\[BlackRook]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/BlackRook.en.md): 
- [\\[Breve]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Breve.en.md): 
- [\\[Bullet]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Bullet.en.md): 
- [\\[CAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CancerSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CancerSign.en.md): 
- [\\[Cap]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Cap.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalAAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalAAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalABar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalABar.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalACup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalACup.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalADoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalADoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalAE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalAE.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalAGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalAGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalAHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalAHat.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalAlpha]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalAlpha.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalARing]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalARing.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalATilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalATilde.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalBeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalBeta.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalCAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalCAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalCCedilla]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalCCedilla.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalCHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalCHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalChi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalChi.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalDelta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalDelta.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalDHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalDHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalDifferentialD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalDifferentialD.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalDigamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalDigamma.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEBar.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalECup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalECup.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEHat.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEta.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalEth]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalEth.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalGamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalGamma.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalIAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalIAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalICup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalICup.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalIDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalIDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalIGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalIGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalIHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalIHat.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalIota]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalIota.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalKappa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalKappa.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalKoppa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalKoppa.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalLambda]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalLambda.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalLSlash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalLSlash.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalMu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalMu.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalNHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalNHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalNTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalNTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalNu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalNu.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalODoubleAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalODoubleAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalODoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalODoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOE.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOHat.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOmega]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOmega.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOmicron]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOmicron.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOSlash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOSlash.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalOTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalOTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalPhi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalPhi.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalPi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalPi.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalPsi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalPsi.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalRHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalRHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalRho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalRho.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalSampi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalSampi.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalSHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalSHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalSigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalSigma.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalStigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalStigma.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalTau]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalTau.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalTHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalTHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalTheta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalTheta.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalThorn]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalThorn.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalUAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalUAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalUDoubleAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalUDoubleAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalUDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalUDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalUGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalUGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalUHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalUHat.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalUpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalUpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalURing]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalURing.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalXi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalXi.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalYAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalYAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalZeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalZeta.en.md): 
- [\\[CapitalZHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapitalZHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CapricornSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CapricornSign.en.md): 
- [\\[CCedilla]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CCedilla.en.md): 
- [\\[Cedilla]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Cedilla.en.md): 
- [\\[Cent]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Cent.en.md): 
- [\\[CenterDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CenterDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CenterEllipsis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CenterEllipsis.en.md): 
- [\\[CHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[CheckedBox]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CheckedBox.en.md): 
- [\\[CheckmarkedBox]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CheckmarkedBox.en.md): 
- [\\[Checkmark]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Checkmark.en.md): 
- [\\[Chi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Chi.en.md): 
- [\\[CircleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CircleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[CircleMinus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CircleMinus.en.md): 
- [\\[CirclePlus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CirclePlus.en.md): 
- [\\[CircleTimes]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CircleTimes.en.md): 
- [\\[ClockwiseContourIntegral]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ClockwiseContourIntegral.en.md): 
- [\\[CloseCurlyDoubleQuote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CloseCurlyDoubleQuote.en.md): 
- [\\[CloseCurlyQuote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CloseCurlyQuote.en.md): 
- [\\[CloverLeaf]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CloverLeaf.en.md): 
- [\\[ClubSuit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ClubSuit.en.md): 
- [\\[Colon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Colon.en.md): 
- [\\[CommandKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CommandKey.en.md): 
- [\\[Conditioned]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Conditioned.en.md): 
- [\\[Congruent]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Congruent.en.md): 
- [\\[Conjugate]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Conjugate.en.md): 
- [\\[ConjugateTranspose]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ConjugateTranspose.en.md): 
- [\\[ConstantC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ConstantC.en.md): 
- [\\[Continuation]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Continuation.en.md): 
- [\\[ContourIntegral]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ContourIntegral.en.md): 
- [\\[ControlKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ControlKey.en.md): 
- [\\[Coproduct]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Coproduct.en.md): 
- [\\[Copyright]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Copyright.en.md): 
- [\\[CounterClockwiseContourIntegral]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CounterClockwiseContourIntegral.en.md): 
- [\\[Cross]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Cross.en.md): 
- [\\[CubeRoot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CubeRoot.en.md): 
- [\\[CupCap]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CupCap.en.md): 
- [\\[Cup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Cup.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyCapitalUpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyCapitalUpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyEpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyEpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyKappa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyKappa.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyPhi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyPhi.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyPi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyPi.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyRho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyRho.en.md): 
- [\\[CurlyTheta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/CurlyTheta.en.md): 
- [\\[Currency]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Currency.en.md): 
- [\\[Dagger]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Dagger.en.md): 
- [\\[Dalet]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Dalet.en.md): 
- [\\[Dash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Dash.en.md): 
- [\\[Degree]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Degree.en.md): 
- [\\[Del]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Del.en.md): 
- [\\[DeleteKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DeleteKey.en.md): 
- [\\[Delta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Delta.en.md): 
- [\\[DescendingEllipsis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DescendingEllipsis.en.md): 
- [\\[DHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[Diameter]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Diameter.en.md): 
- [\\[Diamond]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Diamond.en.md): 
- [\\[DiamondSuit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiamondSuit.en.md): 
- [\\[DifferenceDelta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DifferenceDelta.en.md): 
- [\\[DifferentialD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DifferentialD.en.md): 
- [\\[Digamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Digamma.en.md): 
- [\\[DirectedEdge]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DirectedEdge.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscreteRatio]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscreteRatio.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscreteShift]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscreteShift.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscretionaryHyphen]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscretionaryHyphen.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscretionaryLineSeparator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscretionaryLineSeparator.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscretionaryPageBreakAbove]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscretionaryPageBreakAbove.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscretionaryPageBreakBelow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscretionaryPageBreakBelow.en.md): 
- [\\[DiscretionaryParagraphSeparator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DiscretionaryParagraphSeparator.en.md): 
- [\\[Distributed]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Distributed.en.md): 
- [\\[Divide]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Divide.en.md): 
- [\\[Divides]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Divides.en.md): 
- [\\[DotEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DotEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[DotlessI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DotlessI.en.md): 
- [\\[DotlessJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DotlessJ.en.md): 
- [\\[DottedSquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DottedSquare.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleContourIntegral]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleContourIntegral.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleDagger]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleDagger.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubledGamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubledGamma.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleDownArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleDownArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubledPi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubledPi.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleLeftRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleLeftRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleLeftTee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleLeftTee.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleLongLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleLongLeftRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleLongRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleLongRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoublePrime]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoublePrime.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleRightTee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleRightTee.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckA.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckB.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalA.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalB.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalC.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalD.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalE.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalF.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalG.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalH.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalI.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalJ.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalK.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalL.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalM.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalN.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalO.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalP.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalQ.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalR.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalS.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalT.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalU.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalV.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalW.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalX.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalY.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckCapitalZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckCapitalZ.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckC.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckD.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckE.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckEight]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckEight.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckF.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckFive]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckFive.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckFour]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckFour.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckG.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckH.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckI.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckJ.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckK.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckL.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckM.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckN.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckNine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckNine.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckO.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckOne]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckOne.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckP.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckQ.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckR.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckS.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckSeven]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckSeven.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckSix]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckSix.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckT.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckThree]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckThree.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckTwo]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckTwo.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckU.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckV.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckW.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckX.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckY.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckZ.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleStruckZero]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleStruckZero.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleUpArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleUpArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleUpDownArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleUpDownArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DoubleVerticalBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DoubleVerticalBar.en.md): 
- [\\[DownArrowBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownArrowBar.en.md): 
- [\\[DownArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DownArrowUpArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownArrowUpArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DownBreve]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownBreve.en.md): 
- [\\[DownExclamation]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownExclamation.en.md): 
- [\\[DownLeftRightVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownLeftRightVector.en.md): 
- [\\[DownLeftTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownLeftTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[DownLeftVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownLeftVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[DownLeftVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownLeftVector.en.md): 
- [\\[DownPointer]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownPointer.en.md): 
- [\\[DownQuestion]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownQuestion.en.md): 
- [\\[DownRightTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownRightTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[DownRightVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownRightVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[DownRightVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownRightVector.en.md): 
- [\\[DownTeeArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownTeeArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[DownTee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/DownTee.en.md): 
- [\\[EAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[Earth]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Earth.en.md): 
- [\\[EBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EBar.en.md): 
- [\\[ECup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ECup.en.md): 
- [\\[EDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[EGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[EHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[EHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EHat.en.md): 
- [\\[EighthNote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EighthNote.en.md): 
- [\\[Element]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Element.en.md): 
- [\\[Ellipsis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Ellipsis.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptyCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptyCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptyDiamond]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptyDiamond.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptyDownTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptyDownTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptyRectangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptyRectangle.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptySet]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptySet.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptySmallCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptySmallCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptySmallSquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptySmallSquare.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptySquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptySquare.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptyUpTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptyUpTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[EmptyVerySmallSquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EmptyVerySmallSquare.en.md): 
- [\\[EnterKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EnterKey.en.md): 
- [\\[EntityEnd]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EntityEnd.en.md): 
- [\\[EntityStart]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EntityStart.en.md): 
- [\\[Epsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Epsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[Equal]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Equal.en.md): 
- [\\[EqualTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EqualTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[Equilibrium]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Equilibrium.en.md): 
- [\\[Equivalent]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Equivalent.en.md): 
- [\\[ErrorIndicator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ErrorIndicator.en.md): 
- [\\[EscapeKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/EscapeKey.en.md): 
- [\\[Eta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Eta.en.md): 
- [\\[Eth]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Eth.en.md): 
- [\\[Euro]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Euro.en.md): 
- [\\[Exists]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Exists.en.md): 
- [\\[ExponentialE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ExponentialE.en.md): 
- [\\[FiLigature]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FiLigature.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledDiamond]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledDiamond.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledDownTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledDownTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledLeftTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledLeftTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledRectangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledRectangle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledRightTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledRightTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledSmallCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledSmallCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledSmallSquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledSmallSquare.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledSquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledSquare.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledUpTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledUpTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[FilledVerySmallSquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FilledVerySmallSquare.en.md): 
- [\\[FinalSigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FinalSigma.en.md): 
- [\\[FirstPage]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FirstPage.en.md): 
- [\\[FivePointedStar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FivePointedStar.en.md): 
- [\\[Flat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Flat.en.md): 
- [\\[FlLigature]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FlLigature.en.md): 
- [\\[Florin]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Florin.en.md): 
- [\\[ForAll]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ForAll.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalA.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalAlpha]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalAlpha.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalB.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalBeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalBeta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalA.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalAlpha]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalAlpha.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalB.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalBeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalBeta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalC.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalChi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalChi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalDelta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalDelta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalD.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalDigamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalDigamma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalE.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalEpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalEpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalEta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalEta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalF.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalGamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalGamma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalG.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalH.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalI.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalIota]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalIota.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalJ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalKappa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalKappa.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalK.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalKoppa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalKoppa.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalLambda]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalLambda.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalL.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalM.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalMu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalMu.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalN.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalNu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalNu.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalO.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalOmega]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalOmega.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalOmicron]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalOmicron.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalP.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalPhi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalPhi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalPi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalPi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalPsi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalPsi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalQ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalR.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalRho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalRho.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalSampi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalSampi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalS.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalSigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalSigma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalStigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalStigma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalTau]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalTau.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalT.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalTheta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalTheta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalU.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalUpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalUpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalV.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalW.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalX.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalXi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalXi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalY.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalZ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCapitalZeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCapitalZeta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalC.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalChi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalChi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyCapitalUpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyCapitalUpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyEpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyEpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyKappa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyKappa.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyPhi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyPhi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyPi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyPi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyRho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyRho.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalCurlyTheta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalCurlyTheta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalDelta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalDelta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalD.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalDigamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalDigamma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalE.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalEpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalEpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalEta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalEta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalF.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalFinalSigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalFinalSigma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalGamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalGamma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalG.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalH.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalI.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalIota]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalIota.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalJ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalKappa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalKappa.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalK.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalKoppa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalKoppa.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalLambda]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalLambda.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalL.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalM.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalMu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalMu.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalN.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalNu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalNu.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalO.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalOmega]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalOmega.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalOmicron]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalOmicron.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalP.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalPhi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalPhi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalPi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalPi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalPsi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalPsi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalQ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalR.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalRho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalRho.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalSampi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalSampi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptA.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptB.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalA.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalB.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalC.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalD.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalE.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalF.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalG.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalH.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalI.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalJ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalK.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalL.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalM.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalN.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalO.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalP.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalQ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalR.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalS.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalT.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalU.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalV.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalW.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalX.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalY.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptCapitalZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptCapitalZ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptC.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptD.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptE.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptF.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptG.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptH.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptI.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptJ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptK.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptL.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptM.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptN.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptO.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptP.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptQ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptR.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptS.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptT.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptU.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptV.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptW.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptX.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptY.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalScriptZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalScriptZ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalS.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalSigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalSigma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalStigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalStigma.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalTau]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalTau.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalT.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalTheta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalTheta.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalU.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalUpsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalUpsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalV.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalW.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalX.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalXi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalXi.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalY.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalZ.en.md): 
- [\\[FormalZeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FormalZeta.en.md): 
- [\\[FreakedSmiley]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/FreakedSmiley.en.md): 
- [\\[Function]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Function.en.md): 
- [\\[Gamma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Gamma.en.md): 
- [\\[GeminiSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GeminiSign.en.md): 
- [\\[Gimel]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Gimel.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicA.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicB.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalA.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalB.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalC.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalD.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalE.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalF.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalG.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalH.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalI.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalJ.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalK.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalL.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalM.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalN.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalO.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalP.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalQ.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalR.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalS.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalT.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalU.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalV.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalW.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalX.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalY.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicCapitalZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicCapitalZ.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicC.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicD.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicE.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicEight]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicEight.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicF.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicFive]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicFive.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicFour]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicFour.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicG.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicH.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicI.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicJ.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicK.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicL.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicM.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicN.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicNine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicNine.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicO.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicOne]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicOne.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicP.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicQ.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicR.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicS.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicSeven]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicSeven.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicSix]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicSix.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicT.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicThree]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicThree.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicTwo]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicTwo.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicU.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicV.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicW.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicX.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicY.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicZ.en.md): 
- [\\[GothicZero]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GothicZero.en.md): 
- [\\[GrayCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GrayCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[GraySquare]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GraySquare.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterEqualLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterEqualLess.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterFullEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterFullEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterLess.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[GreaterTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/GreaterTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[Hacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Hacek.en.md): 
- [\\[HappySmiley]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HappySmiley.en.md): 
- [\\[HBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HBar.en.md): 
- [\\[HeartSuit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HeartSuit.en.md): 
- [\\[HermitianConjugate]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HermitianConjugate.en.md): 
- [\\[HorizontalLine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HorizontalLine.en.md): 
- [\\[HumpDownHump]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HumpDownHump.en.md): 
- [\\[HumpEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/HumpEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[Hyphen]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Hyphen.en.md): 
- [\\[IAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/IAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[ICup]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ICup.en.md): 
- [\\[IDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/IDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[IGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/IGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[IHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/IHat.en.md): 
- [\\[ImaginaryI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ImaginaryI.en.md): 
- [\\[ImaginaryJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ImaginaryJ.en.md): 
- [\\[ImplicitPlus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ImplicitPlus.en.md): 
- [\\[Implies]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Implies.en.md): 
- [\\[IndentingNewLine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/IndentingNewLine.en.md): 
- [\\[Infinity]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Infinity.en.md): 
- [\\[Integral]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Integral.en.md): 
- [\\[Intersection]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Intersection.en.md): 
- [\\[InvisibleApplication]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/InvisibleApplication.en.md): 
- [\\[InvisibleComma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/InvisibleComma.en.md): 
- [\\[InvisiblePostfixScriptBase]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/InvisiblePostfixScriptBase.en.md): 
- [\\[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/InvisiblePrefixScriptBase.en.md): 
- [\\[InvisibleSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/InvisibleSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[InvisibleTimes]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/InvisibleTimes.en.md): 
- [\\[Iota]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Iota.en.md): 
- [\\[Jupiter]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Jupiter.en.md): 
- [\\[Kappa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Kappa.en.md): 
- [\\[KernelIcon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/KernelIcon.en.md): 
- [\\[KeyBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/KeyBar.en.md): 
- [\\[Koppa]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Koppa.en.md): 
- [\\[Lambda]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Lambda.en.md): 
- [\\[LastPage]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LastPage.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftAngleBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftAngleBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftArrowBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftArrowBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftArrowRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftArrowRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftAssociation]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftAssociation.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftBracketingBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftBracketingBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftCeiling]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftCeiling.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftDoubleBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftDoubleBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftDoubleBracketingBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftDoubleBracketingBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftDownTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftDownTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftDownVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftDownVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftDownVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftDownVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftFloor]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftFloor.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftGuillemet]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftGuillemet.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftModified]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftModified.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftPointer]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftPointer.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftRightVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftRightVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftSkeleton]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftSkeleton.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftTeeArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftTeeArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftTee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftTee.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftTriangleBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftTriangleBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftTriangleEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftTriangleEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftUpDownVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftUpDownVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftUpTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftUpTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftUpVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftUpVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftUpVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftUpVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[LeftVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeftVector.en.md): 
- [\\[LeoSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LeoSign.en.md): 
- [\\[LessEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[LessEqualGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessEqualGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[LessFullEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessFullEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[LessGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[LessLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessLess.en.md): 
- [\\[LessSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[LessTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LessTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[LetterSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LetterSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[LibraSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LibraSign.en.md): 
- [\\[LightBulb]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LightBulb.en.md): 
- [\\[Limit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Limit.en.md): 
- [\\[LineSeparator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LineSeparator.en.md): 
- [\\[LongDash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LongDash.en.md): 
- [\\[LongEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LongEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[LongLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LongLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LongLeftRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LongLeftRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LongRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LongRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LowerLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LowerLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LowerRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LowerRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[LSlash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/LSlash.en.md): 
- [\\[Mars]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Mars.en.md): 
- [\\[MathematicaIcon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/MathematicaIcon.en.md): 
- [\\[MaxLimit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/MaxLimit.en.md): 
- [\\[MeasuredAngle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/MeasuredAngle.en.md): 
- [\\[MediumSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/MediumSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[Mercury]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Mercury.en.md): 
- [\\[Mho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Mho.en.md): 
- [\\[Micro]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Micro.en.md): 
- [\\[MinLimit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/MinLimit.en.md): 
- [\\[MinusPlus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/MinusPlus.en.md): 
- [\\[Mod1Key]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Mod1Key.en.md): 
- [\\[Mod2Key]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Mod2Key.en.md): 
- [\\[Mu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Mu.en.md): 
- [\\[Nand]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Nand.en.md): 
- [\\[Natural]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Natural.en.md): 
- [\\[NegativeMediumSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NegativeMediumSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[NegativeThickSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NegativeThickSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[NegativeThinSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NegativeThinSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[NegativeVeryThinSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NegativeVeryThinSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[Neptune]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Neptune.en.md): 
- [\\[NestedGreaterGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NestedGreaterGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[NestedLessLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NestedLessLess.en.md): 
- [\\[NeutralSmiley]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NeutralSmiley.en.md): 
- [\\[NewLine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NewLine.en.md): 
- [\\[NHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[NoBreak]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NoBreak.en.md): 
- [\\[NonBreakingSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NonBreakingSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[Nor]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Nor.en.md): 
- [\\[NotCongruent]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotCongruent.en.md): 
- [\\[NotCupCap]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotCupCap.en.md): 
- [\\[NotDoubleVerticalBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotDoubleVerticalBar.en.md): 
- [\\[NotElement]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotElement.en.md): 
- [\\[Not]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Not.en.md): 
- [\\[NotEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotEqualTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotEqualTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotExists]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotExists.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreaterEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreaterEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreaterFullEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreaterFullEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreaterGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreaterGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreaterLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreaterLess.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreaterSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreaterSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotGreaterTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotGreaterTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotHumpDownHump]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotHumpDownHump.en.md): 
- [\\[NotHumpEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotHumpEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLeftTriangleBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLeftTriangleBar.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLeftTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLeftTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLeftTriangleEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLeftTriangleEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLess.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLessEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLessEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLessFullEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLessFullEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLessGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLessGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLessLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLessLess.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLessSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLessSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotLessTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotLessTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotNestedGreaterGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotNestedGreaterGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[NotNestedLessLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotNestedLessLess.en.md): 
- [\\[NotPrecedes]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotPrecedes.en.md): 
- [\\[NotPrecedesEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotPrecedesEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotPrecedesSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotPrecedesSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotPrecedesTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotPrecedesTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotReverseElement]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotReverseElement.en.md): 
- [\\[NotRightTriangleBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotRightTriangleBar.en.md): 
- [\\[NotRightTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotRightTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[NotRightTriangleEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotRightTriangleEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSquareSubset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSquareSubset.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSquareSubsetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSquareSubsetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSquareSuperset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSquareSuperset.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSquareSupersetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSquareSupersetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSubset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSubset.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSubsetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSubsetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSucceeds]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSucceeds.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSucceedsEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSucceedsEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSucceedsSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSucceedsSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSucceedsTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSucceedsTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSuperset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSuperset.en.md): 
- [\\[NotSupersetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotSupersetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotTildeEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotTildeEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotTildeFullEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotTildeFullEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[NotTildeTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotTildeTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[NotVerticalBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NotVerticalBar.en.md): 
- [\\[NTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[Nu]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Nu.en.md): 
- [\\[Null]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Null.en.md): 
- [\\[NumberSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/NumberSign.en.md): 
- [\\[OAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[ODoubleAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ODoubleAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[ODoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ODoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[OE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OE.en.md): 
- [\\[OGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[OHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OHat.en.md): 
- [\\[Omega]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Omega.en.md): 
- [\\[Omicron]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Omicron.en.md): 
- [\\[OpenCurlyDoubleQuote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OpenCurlyDoubleQuote.en.md): 
- [\\[OpenCurlyQuote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OpenCurlyQuote.en.md): 
- [\\[OptionKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OptionKey.en.md): 
- [\\[Or]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Or.en.md): 
- [\\[OSlash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OSlash.en.md): 
- [\\[OTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[OverBrace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OverBrace.en.md): 
- [\\[OverBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OverBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[OverParenthesis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/OverParenthesis.en.md): 
- [\\[Paragraph]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Paragraph.en.md): 
- [\\[ParagraphSeparator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ParagraphSeparator.en.md): 
- [\\[PartialD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PartialD.en.md): 
- [\\[PermutationProduct]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PermutationProduct.en.md): 
- [\\[Perpendicular]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Perpendicular.en.md): 
- [\\[Phi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Phi.en.md): 
- [\\[Piecewise]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Piecewise.en.md): 
- [\\[Pi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Pi.en.md): 
- [\\[PiscesSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PiscesSign.en.md): 
- [\\[Placeholder]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Placeholder.en.md): 
- [\\[PlusMinus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PlusMinus.en.md): 
- [\\[Pluto]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Pluto.en.md): 
- [\\[Precedes]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Precedes.en.md): 
- [\\[PrecedesEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PrecedesEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[PrecedesSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PrecedesSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[PrecedesTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/PrecedesTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[Prime]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Prime.en.md): 
- [\\[Product]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Product.en.md): 
- [\\[Proportional]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Proportional.en.md): 
- [\\[Proportion]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Proportion.en.md): 
- [\\[Psi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Psi.en.md): 
- [\\[QuarterNote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/QuarterNote.en.md): 
- [\\[RawAmpersand]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawAmpersand.en.md): 
- [\\[RawAt]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawAt.en.md): 
- [\\[RawBackquote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawBackquote.en.md): 
- [\\[RawBackslash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawBackslash.en.md): 
- [\\[RawColon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawColon.en.md): 
- [\\[RawComma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawComma.en.md): 
- [\\[RawDash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawDash.en.md): 
- [\\[RawDollar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawDollar.en.md): 
- [\\[RawDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawDot.en.md): 
- [\\[RawDoubleQuote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawDoubleQuote.en.md): 
- [\\[RawEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[RawEscape]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawEscape.en.md): 
- [\\[RawExclamation]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawExclamation.en.md): 
- [\\[RawGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[RawLeftBrace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawLeftBrace.en.md): 
- [\\[RawLeftBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawLeftBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[RawLeftParenthesis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawLeftParenthesis.en.md): 
- [\\[RawLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawLess.en.md): 
- [\\[RawNumberSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawNumberSign.en.md): 
- [\\[RawPercent]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawPercent.en.md): 
- [\\[RawPlus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawPlus.en.md): 
- [\\[RawQuestion]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawQuestion.en.md): 
- [\\[RawQuote]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawQuote.en.md): 
- [\\[RawReturn]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawReturn.en.md): 
- [\\[RawRightBrace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawRightBrace.en.md): 
- [\\[RawRightBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawRightBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[RawRightParenthesis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawRightParenthesis.en.md): 
- [\\[RawSemicolon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawSemicolon.en.md): 
- [\\[RawSlash]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawSlash.en.md): 
- [\\[RawSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[RawStar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawStar.en.md): 
- [\\[RawTab]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawTab.en.md): 
- [\\[RawTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[RawUnderscore]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawUnderscore.en.md): 
- [\\[RawVerticalBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawVerticalBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RawWedge]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RawWedge.en.md): 
- [\\[RegisteredTrademark]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RegisteredTrademark.en.md): 
- [\\[ReturnIndicator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReturnIndicator.en.md): 
- [\\[ReturnKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReturnKey.en.md): 
- [\\[ReverseDoublePrime]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReverseDoublePrime.en.md): 
- [\\[ReverseElement]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReverseElement.en.md): 
- [\\[ReverseEquilibrium]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReverseEquilibrium.en.md): 
- [\\[ReversePrime]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReversePrime.en.md): 
- [\\[ReverseUpEquilibrium]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ReverseUpEquilibrium.en.md): 
- [\\[RHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[Rho]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Rho.en.md): 
- [\\[RightAngleBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightAngleBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[RightAngle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightAngle.en.md): 
- [\\[RightArrowBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightArrowBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[RightArrowLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightArrowLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[RightAssociation]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightAssociation.en.md): 
- [\\[RightBracketingBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightBracketingBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightCeiling]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightCeiling.en.md): 
- [\\[RightDoubleBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightDoubleBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[RightDoubleBracketingBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightDoubleBracketingBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightDownTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightDownTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RightDownVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightDownVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightDownVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightDownVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RightFloor]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightFloor.en.md): 
- [\\[RightGuillemet]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightGuillemet.en.md): 
- [\\[RightModified]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightModified.en.md): 
- [\\[RightPointer]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightPointer.en.md): 
- [\\[RightSkeleton]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightSkeleton.en.md): 
- [\\[RightTeeArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightTeeArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[RightTee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightTee.en.md): 
- [\\[RightTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RightTriangleBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightTriangleBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightTriangle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightTriangle.en.md): 
- [\\[RightTriangleEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightTriangleEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[RightUpDownVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightUpDownVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RightUpTeeVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightUpTeeVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RightUpVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightUpVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightUpVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightUpVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RightVectorBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightVectorBar.en.md): 
- [\\[RightVector]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RightVector.en.md): 
- [\\[RoundImplies]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RoundImplies.en.md): 
- [\\[RoundSpaceIndicator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RoundSpaceIndicator.en.md): 
- [\\[RuleDelayed]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/RuleDelayed.en.md): 
- [\\[Rule]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Rule.en.md): 
- [\\[Rupee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Rupee.en.md): 
- [\\[SadSmiley]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SadSmiley.en.md): 
- [\\[SagittariusSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SagittariusSign.en.md): 
- [\\[Sampi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Sampi.en.md): 
- [\\[Saturn]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Saturn.en.md): 
- [\\[ScorpioSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScorpioSign.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptA.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptB.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalA]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalA.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalB]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalB.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalC.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalD.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalE.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalF.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalG.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalH.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalI.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalJ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalK.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalL.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalM.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalN.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalO.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalP.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalQ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalR.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalS.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalT.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalU.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalV.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalW.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalX.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalY.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptCapitalZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptCapitalZ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptC]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptC.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptD]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptD.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptDotlessI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptDotlessI.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptDotlessJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptDotlessJ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptE]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptE.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptEight]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptEight.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptF]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptF.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptFive]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptFive.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptFour]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptFour.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptG]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptG.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptH]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptH.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptI]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptI.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptJ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptJ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptK]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptK.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptL]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptL.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptM]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptM.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptN]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptN.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptNine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptNine.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptO]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptO.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptOne]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptOne.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptP.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptQ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptQ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptR]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptR.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptS]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptS.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptSeven]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptSeven.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptSix]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptSix.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptT]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptT.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptThree]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptThree.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptTwo]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptTwo.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptU]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptU.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptV]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptV.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptW]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptW.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptX]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptX.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptY]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptY.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptZ.en.md): 
- [\\[ScriptZero]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ScriptZero.en.md): 
- [\\[Section]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Section.en.md): 
- [\\[SelectionPlaceholder]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SelectionPlaceholder.en.md): 
- [\\[SHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SHacek.en.md): 
- [\\[Shah]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Shah.en.md): 
- [\\[Sharp]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Sharp.en.md): 
- [\\[ShiftKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ShiftKey.en.md): 
- [\\[ShortDownArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ShortDownArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[ShortLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ShortLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[ShortRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ShortRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[ShortUpArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ShortUpArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[Sigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Sigma.en.md): 
- [\\[SixPointedStar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SixPointedStar.en.md): 
- [\\[SkeletonIndicator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SkeletonIndicator.en.md): 
- [\\[SmallCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SmallCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[SpaceIndicator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SpaceIndicator.en.md): 
- [\\[SpaceKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SpaceKey.en.md): 
- [\\[SpadeSuit]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SpadeSuit.en.md): 
- [\\[SpanFromAbove]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SpanFromAbove.en.md): 
- [\\[SpanFromBoth]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SpanFromBoth.en.md): 
- [\\[SpanFromLeft]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SpanFromLeft.en.md): 
- [\\[SphericalAngle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SphericalAngle.en.md): 
- [\\[Sqrt]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Sqrt.en.md): 
- [\\[Square]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Square.en.md): 
- [\\[SquareIntersection]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SquareIntersection.en.md): 
- [\\[SquareSubset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SquareSubset.en.md): 
- [\\[SquareSubsetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SquareSubsetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[SquareSuperset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SquareSuperset.en.md): 
- [\\[SquareSupersetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SquareSupersetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[SquareUnion]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SquareUnion.en.md): 
- [\\[Star]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Star.en.md): 
- [\\[Sterling]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Sterling.en.md): 
- [\\[Stigma]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Stigma.en.md): 
- [\\[Subset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Subset.en.md): 
- [\\[SubsetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SubsetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[Succeeds]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Succeeds.en.md): 
- [\\[SucceedsEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SucceedsEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[SucceedsSlantEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SucceedsSlantEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[SucceedsTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SucceedsTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[SuchThat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SuchThat.en.md): 
- [\\[Sum]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Sum.en.md): 
- [\\[Superset]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Superset.en.md): 
- [\\[SupersetEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SupersetEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[SystemEnterKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SystemEnterKey.en.md): 
- [\\[SystemsModelDelay]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SystemsModelDelay.en.md): 
- [\\[SZ]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/SZ.en.md): 
- [\\[TabKey]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TabKey.en.md): 
- [\\[Tau]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Tau.en.md): 
- [\\[TaurusSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TaurusSign.en.md): 
- [\\[TensorProduct]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TensorProduct.en.md): 
- [\\[TensorWedge]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TensorWedge.en.md): 
- [\\[THacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/THacek.en.md): 
- [\\[Therefore]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Therefore.en.md): 
- [\\[Theta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Theta.en.md): 
- [\\[ThickSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ThickSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[ThinSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ThinSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[Thorn]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Thorn.en.md): 
- [\\[Tilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Tilde.en.md): 
- [\\[TildeEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TildeEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[TildeFullEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TildeFullEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[TildeTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TildeTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[Times]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Times.en.md): 
- [\\[Trademark]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Trademark.en.md): 
- [\\[Transpose]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Transpose.en.md): 
- [\\[TripleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TripleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[TwoWayRule]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/TwoWayRule.en.md): 
- [\\[UAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[UDoubleAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UDoubleAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[UDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[UGrave]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UGrave.en.md): 
- [\\[UHat]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UHat.en.md): 
- [\\[UnderBrace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UnderBrace.en.md): 
- [\\[UnderBracket]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UnderBracket.en.md): 
- [\\[UnderParenthesis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UnderParenthesis.en.md): 
- [\\[UndirectedEdge]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UndirectedEdge.en.md): 
- [\\[Union]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Union.en.md): 
- [\\[UnionPlus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UnionPlus.en.md): 
- [\\[UpArrowBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpArrowBar.en.md): 
- [\\[UpArrowDownArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpArrowDownArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[UpArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[UpDownArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpDownArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[UpEquilibrium]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpEquilibrium.en.md): 
- [\\[UpperLeftArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpperLeftArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[UpperRightArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpperRightArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[UpPointer]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpPointer.en.md): 
- [\\[Upsilon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Upsilon.en.md): 
- [\\[UpTeeArrow]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpTeeArrow.en.md): 
- [\\[UpTee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/UpTee.en.md): 
- [\\[Uranus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Uranus.en.md): 
- [\\[URing]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/URing.en.md): 
- [\\[VectorGreater]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VectorGreater.en.md): 
- [\\[VectorGreaterEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VectorGreaterEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[VectorLess]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VectorLess.en.md): 
- [\\[VectorLessEqual]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VectorLessEqual.en.md): 
- [\\[Vee]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Vee.en.md): 
- [\\[Venus]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Venus.en.md): 
- [\\[VerticalBar]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VerticalBar.en.md): 
- [\\[VerticalEllipsis]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VerticalEllipsis.en.md): 
- [\\[VerticalLine]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VerticalLine.en.md): 
- [\\[VerticalSeparator]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VerticalSeparator.en.md): 
- [\\[VerticalTilde]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VerticalTilde.en.md): 
- [\\[VeryThinSpace]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VeryThinSpace.en.md): 
- [\\[VirgoSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/VirgoSign.en.md): 
- [\\[WarningSign]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WarningSign.en.md): 
- [\\[WatchIcon]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WatchIcon.en.md): 
- [\\[Wedge]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Wedge.en.md): 
- [\\[WeierstrassP]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WeierstrassP.en.md): 
- [\\[WhiteBishop]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WhiteBishop.en.md): 
- [\\[WhiteKing]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WhiteKing.en.md): 
- [\\[WhiteKnight]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WhiteKnight.en.md): 
- [\\[WhitePawn]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WhitePawn.en.md): 
- [\\[WhiteQueen]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WhiteQueen.en.md): 
- [\\[WhiteRook]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WhiteRook.en.md): 
- [\\[Wolf]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Wolf.en.md): 
- [\\[WolframLanguageLogoCircle]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WolframLanguageLogoCircle.en.md): 
- [\\[WolframLanguageLogo]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/WolframLanguageLogo.en.md): 
- [\\[Xi]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Xi.en.md): 
- [\\[Xnor]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Xnor.en.md): 
- [\\[Xor]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Xor.en.md): 
- [\\[YAcute]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/YAcute.en.md): 
- [\\[YDoubleDot]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/YDoubleDot.en.md): 
- [\\[Yen]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Yen.en.md): 
- [\\[Zeta]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/Zeta.en.md): 
- [\\[ZHacek]](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/character/ZHacek.en.md): 

### classifier

- [CountryFlag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/CountryFlag.en.md): CountryFlag (Built-in Classifier)
- [FacebookTopic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/FacebookTopic.en.md): FacebookTopic (Built-in Classifier)
- [FacialAge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/FacialAge.en.md): FacialAge (Built-in Classifier)
- [FacialExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/FacialExpression.en.md): FacialExpression (Built-in Classifier)
- [FacialGender](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/FacialGender.en.md): FacialGender (Built-in Classifier)
- [Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/Language.en.md): Language (Built-in Classifier)
- [LanguageExtended](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/LanguageExtended.en.md): LanguageExtended (Built-in Classifier)
- [NameGender](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/NameGender.en.md): NameGender (Built-in Classifier)
- [NotablePerson](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/NotablePerson.en.md): NotablePerson (Built-in Classifier)
- [NSFWImage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/NSFWImage.en.md): NSFWImage (Built-in Classifier)
- [Profanity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/Profanity.en.md): Profanity (Built-in Classifier)
- [ProgrammingLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md): ProgrammingLanguage (Built-in Classifier)
- [Sentiment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/Sentiment.en.md): Sentiment (Built-in Classifier)
- [Spam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/Spam.en.md): Spam (Built-in Classifier)
- [SpokenLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/classifier/SpokenLanguage.en.md): SpokenLanguage (Built-in Classifier)

### comparisonmethod

- [AlgebraicForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/AlgebraicForm.en.md): AlgebraicForm (Comparison Method)
- [AlgebraicValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/AlgebraicValue.en.md): AlgebraicValue (Comparison Method)
- [ArithmeticResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/ArithmeticResult.en.md): ArithmeticResult (Comparison Method)
- [CalculusResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/CalculusResult.en.md): CalculusResult (Comparison Method)
- [CodeEquivalence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/CodeEquivalence.en.md): CodeEquivalence (Comparison Method)
- [Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/Color.en.md): Color (Comparison Method)
- [Date](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/Date.en.md): Date (Comparison Method)
- [ExponentiationResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/ExponentiationResult.en.md): ExponentiationResult (Comparison Method)
- [Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/Expression.en.md): Expression (Comparison Method)
- [GeoPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/GeoPosition.en.md): GeoPosition (Comparison Method)
- [HeldExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/HeldExpression.en.md): HeldExpression (Comparison Method)
- [Number](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/Number.en.md): Number (Comparison Method)
- [PolynomialResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/PolynomialResult.en.md): PolynomialResult (Comparison Method)
- [Quantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/Quantity.en.md): Quantity (Comparison Method)
- [String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/String.en.md): String (Comparison Method)
- [Vector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/comparisonmethod/Vector.en.md): Vector (Comparison Method)

### compiledtype

- [Boolean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Boolean.en.md): Boolean represents a Boolean atomic type specifier.
- [ByteArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/ByteArray.en.md): ByteArray represents a one-dimensional array of bytes.
- [CArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CArray.en.md): CArray ::[type] represents an array type compatible with C, containing elements of the specified type.
- [CChar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CChar.en.md): CChar represents the C char type.
- [CDouble](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CDouble.en.md): CDouble represents the C double type.
- [CFloat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CFloat.en.md): CFloat represents the C float type.
- [CInt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CInt.en.md): CInt represents the C int type.
- [CLong](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CLong.en.md): CLong represents the C long type.
- [CLongLong](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CLongLong.en.md): CLongLong represents the C long long type.
- [CompiledFunctionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CompiledFunctionData.en.md): CompiledFunctionData::[ty] represents a type that holds information about a compiled function of type ty.
- [Complex128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Complex128.en.md): Complex128 represents a complex number with IEEE double-precision real and imaginary parts atomic type specifier.
- [ComplexReal64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/ComplexReal64.en.md): ComplexReal64 represents a complex number with IEEE double-precision real and imaginary parts atomic type specifier.
- [CShort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CShort.en.md): CShort represents the C short type.
- [CSizeT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CSizeT.en.md): CSizeT represents the C size_t type.
- [CSSizeT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CSSizeT.en.md): CSSizeT represents the C ssize_t type.
- [CString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CString.en.md): CString represents a string compatible with C.
- [CUnsignedInt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CUnsignedInt.en.md): CUnsignedInt represents the C unsigned int type.
- [CUnsignedLong](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CUnsignedLong.en.md): CUnsignedLong represents the C unsigned long type.
- [CUnsignedShort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/CUnsignedShort.en.md): CUnsignedShort represents the C unsigned short type.
- [FunctionType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/FunctionType.en.md): {ty1, ty2, ...} -> tyres represents a function type with specified argument and result types.
- [IncrementalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/IncrementalFunction.en.md): IncrementalFunction::[next, send] represents a type that holds the state of an incremental function that can yield a type next and receive a type send.
- [InertExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/InertExpression.en.md): InertExpression represents an inert expression that is not automatically evaluated.
- [Integer128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Integer128.en.md): Integer128 represents a 128-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [Integer16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Integer16.en.md): Integer16 represents a 16-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [Integer32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Integer32.en.md): Integer32 represents a 32-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [Integer64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Integer64.en.md): Integer64 represents a 64-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [Integer8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Integer8.en.md): Integer8 represents an 8-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [ListVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/ListVector.en.md): ListVector::[type] represents a uniform list with the specified element type.
- [MachineInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/MachineInteger.en.md): MachineInteger represents a machine-sized signed integer atomic type specifier.
- [Managed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Managed.en.md): Managed::[t] represents a type that adds automatic memory management to t.
- [Null](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Null.en.md): Null represents a type to indicate the absence of a result.
- [NumericArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/NumericArray.en.md): NumericArray::[type, rank] represents a numeric array type with elements of specified type and rank.
- [OpaqueRawPointer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/OpaqueRawPointer.en.md): OpaqueRawPointer represents a pointer to data of unknown type, suitable for use with external libraries.
- [PackedArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/PackedArray.en.md): PackedArray::[type, rank] represents a packed array type with elements of specified type and rank.
- [RawPointer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/RawPointer.en.md): RawPointer::[t] represents a pointer to an object with type t, suitable for use with external libraries.
- [Real32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Real32.en.md): Real32 represents an IEEE single-precision real atomic type specifier.
- [Real64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Real64.en.md): Real64 represents an IEEE double-precision real atomic type specifier.
- [Rule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/Rule.en.md): Rule::[tykey, tyvalue] represents a type with specified types for key and value.
- [SparseArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/SparseArray.en.md): SparseArray::[type, rank] represents a sparse array type with elements of specified type and rank.
- [String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/String.en.md): String represents a string type specifier.
- [TypeSpecifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/TypeSpecifier.en.md): TypeSpecifier::[t] is a type representing another type t.
- [UnsignedInteger128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/UnsignedInteger128.en.md): UnsignedInteger128 represents an unsigned 128-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [UnsignedInteger16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/UnsignedInteger16.en.md): UnsignedInteger16 represents an unsigned 16-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [UnsignedInteger32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/UnsignedInteger32.en.md): UnsignedInteger32 represents an unsigned 32-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [UnsignedInteger64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/UnsignedInteger64.en.md): UnsignedInteger64 represents an unsigned 64-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [UnsignedInteger8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/UnsignedInteger8.en.md): UnsignedInteger8 represents an unsigned 8-bit machine integer atomic type specifier.
- [UnsignedMachineInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/compiledtype/UnsignedMachineInteger.en.md): UnsignedMachineInteger represents a machine-sized unsigned integer atomic type specifier.

### connection

- [AmazonS3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/AmazonS3.en.md): AmazonS3 (Data Connection)
- [AzureBlobStorage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/AzureBlobStorage.en.md): AzureBlobStorage (Data Connection)
- [AzureFiles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/AzureFiles.en.md): AzureFiles (Data Connection)
- [AzureTables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/AzureTables.en.md): AzureTables (Data Connection)
- [Databricks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/Databricks.en.md): Databricks (Data Connection)
- [Dropbox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/Dropbox.en.md): Dropbox (Data Connection)
- [Kaggle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/Kaggle.en.md): Kaggle (Data Connection)
- [MicrosoftSQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/MicrosoftSQL.en.md): MicrosoftSQL (Data Connection)
- [MySQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/MySQL.en.md): MySQL (Data Connection)
- [OneDrive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/OneDrive.en.md): OneDrive (Data Connection)
- [Oracle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/Oracle.en.md): Oracle (Data Connection)
- [PostGIS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/PostGIS.en.md): PostGIS (Data Connection)
- [PostgreSQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/PostgreSQL.en.md): PostgreSQL (Data Connection)
- [Snowflake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/Snowflake.en.md): Snowflake (Data Connection)
- [SQLite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/connection/SQLite.en.md): SQLite (Data Connection)

### databaseconnection

- [MicrosoftSQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/databaseconnection/MicrosoftSQL.en.md): 
- [MySQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/databaseconnection/MySQL.en.md): 
- [Oracle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/databaseconnection/Oracle.en.md): 
- [PostgreSQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/databaseconnection/PostgreSQL.en.md): 
- [SQLite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/databaseconnection/SQLite.en.md): 

### datastructure

- [AVLTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/AVLTree.en.md): AVLTree represents a mutable, self-balancing binary search tree, where the values stored at each node are general expressions.
- [BinaryTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/BinaryTree.en.md): BinaryTree represents a mutable binary tree where the values stored at each node are general expressions.
- [BitVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/BitVector.en.md): BitVector represents a vector of Boolean values or members of a set built from an array of bits.
- [BloomFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/BloomFilter.en.md): BloomFilter represents a set that tests whether elements are definitely not members.
- [ByteTrie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/ByteTrie.en.md): ByteTrie represents a trie where the members are sequences of bytes.
- [Counter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/Counter.en.md): Counter represents a mutable integer counter.
- [CuckooFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/CuckooFilter.en.md): CuckooFilter represents a set that tests whether elements are definitely not members.
- [Deque](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/Deque.en.md): Deque represents a queue of expressions that can be added or removed from the front and back.
- [DisjointSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/DisjointSet.en.md): DisjointSet represents a collection of elements that are general expressions and that are partitioned into disjoint sets.
- [DoublyLinkedList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/DoublyLinkedList.en.md): DoublyLinkedList represents a doubly linked list where the elements are general expressions.
- [DynamicArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/DynamicArray.en.md): DynamicArray represents a dynamically extensible array where the elements are general expressions.
- [ExprStruct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/ExprStruct.en.md): ExprStruct represents an expression that can be modified without evaluating.
- [ExtensibleVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/ExtensibleVector.en.md): ExtensibleVector represents a dynamically extensible vector where the elements are general expressions.
- [FixedArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/FixedArray.en.md): FixedArray represents an array of fixed length where the elements are general expressions.
- [HashSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/HashSet.en.md): HashSet represents a set where the members are general expressions and membership is computed by using a hash function.
- [HashTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/HashTable.en.md): HashTable represents a hash table where the keys and values are general expressions.
- [ImmutableVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/ImmutableVector.en.md): ImmutableVector represents an immutable vector where modifications generate a new data structure and the elements are general expressions.
- [KDTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/KDTree.en.md): KDTree represents k-d tree binary spatial subdivision for a set of real number coordinates.
- [LeastRecentlyUsedCache](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/LeastRecentlyUsedCache.en.md): LeastRecentlyUsedCache represents a fixed-size cache where the keys and values are general expressions.
- [LinkedList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/LinkedList.en.md): LinkedList represents a linked list where the elements are general expressions.
- [OrderedHashSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/OrderedHashSet.en.md): OrderedHashSet represents a set where the members are general expressions, membership is computed by using a hash function and the order in which members are inserted is preserved.
- [OrderedHashTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/OrderedHashTable.en.md): OrderedHashTable represents a hash table where the keys and values are general expressions and the order in which keys are inserted is preserved.
- [PriorityQueue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/PriorityQueue.en.md): PriorityQueue represents a queue of elements where the highest-priority element is always returned.
- [Queue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/Queue.en.md): Queue represents a queue of expressions.
- [RedBlackTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/RedBlackTree.en.md): RedBlackTree represents a mutable, self-balancing binary search tree, where the values stored at each node are general expressions.
- [RingBuffer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/RingBuffer.en.md): RingBuffer represents a ring buffer where the elements are general expressions.
- [SortedKeyStore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/SortedKeyStore.en.md): SortedKeyStore represents a store of keys and values that maintains the keys in a sorted order.
- [SortedMultiset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/SortedMultiset.en.md): SortedMultiset represents a multiset where the members are general expressions and are kept in a sorted order.
- [Stack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/Stack.en.md): Stack represents a stack of expressions.
- [StringVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/StringVector.en.md): StringVector represents a vector of strings.
- [Value](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/datastructure/Value.en.md): Value represents a mutable expression value.

### device

- [Arduino](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/Arduino.en.md): Arduino
- [Camera](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/Camera.en.md): Camera (General OS-Supported Camera)
- [GPIO](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/GPIO.en.md): GPIO (General Purpose I/O)                                                                                                                                                   Device Discovery
- [I2C](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/I2C.en.md): I2C (Device Connection Protocol)
- [OpenAIGym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/OpenAIGym.en.md): OpenAIGym (Reinforcement Learning Environments)
- [RaspiCam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/RaspiCam.en.md): RaspiCam (Raspberry Pi Camera)
- [Raspberry Pi Sense HAT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/SenseHAT.en.md): Raspberry Pi Sense HAT
- [Serial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/Serial.en.md): Serial (RS-232 / RS-422 serial protocol)
- [SimulatedCartPole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/SimulatedCartPole.en.md): SimulatedCartPole (Reinforcement Learning Environment)
- [Tinker Forge Weather Station](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/TinkerForgeWeatherStation.en.md): Tinker Forge Weather Station
- [Vernier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/Vernier.en.md): Vernier
- [Raspberry Pi Weather Station Board](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/device/WeatherStation.en.md): Raspberry Pi Weather Station Board

### embeddingformat

- [C#](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/CSharp.en.md): C #
- [C++-VisualStudio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/C++VisualStudio.en.md): C++-VisualStudio
- [HTML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/HTML.en.md): HTML
- [Java](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/Java.en.md): Java
- [Java-Jersey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/Java-Jersey.en.md): Java-Jersey
- [JavaScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/JavaScript.en.md): JavaScript
- [PHP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/PHP.en.md): PHP
- [Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/Python.en.md): Python
- [VisualBasic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/embeddingformat/VisualBasic.en.md): VisualBasic

### entity

- [AdministrativeDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AdministrativeDivision.en.md): States, counties, districts and other administrative divisions of countries and territories.
- [AHSPlantHeatZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AHSPlantHeatZone.en.md): Geographically defined areas divided based on the annual high temperatures.
- [Aircraft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Aircraft.en.md): Notable historical and modern-day commercial, military and private aircraft.
- [Airline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Airline.en.md): Notable historical and current-day airlines.
- [Airport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Airport.en.md): Notable airports, airstrips, heliports and related aviation facilities.
- [Alphabet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Alphabet.en.md): Character sets commonly used to represent the sounds of written languages.
- [AmusementPark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AmusementPark.en.md): Notable theme parks, water parks and similar recreational facilities.
- [AmusementParkRide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AmusementParkRide.en.md): Roller coasters, water rides and other attractions located in notable amusement parks.
- [AnatomicalFunctionalConcept](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AnatomicalFunctionalConcept.en.md): Anatomical functions of the human body, including physiological actions and cognitive activities.
- [AnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AnatomicalStructure.en.md): Human anatomical structures, including body parts and organs.
- [AnatomicalTemporalConcept](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AnatomicalTemporalConcept.en.md): Named landmark events associated with the anatomy of organisms.
- [AnimalAnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AnimalAnatomicalStructure.en.md): Animal anatomical structures, including body parts and organs.
- [Artwork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Artwork.en.md): Notable works of art in a variety of media.
- [AstronomicalObservatory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AstronomicalObservatory.en.md): Astronomical observatories around the world.
- [AstronomicalRadioSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AstronomicalRadioSource.en.md): Astronomical radio sources, primarily from the 3C catalog.
- [AtmosphericLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AtmosphericLayer.en.md): Named layers of the Earth's atmosphere.
- [AtomicLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AtomicLevel.en.md): Atomic energy levels.
- [AtomicLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/AtomicLine.en.md): Atomic transition lines.
- [BasicFoodGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BasicFoodGroup.en.md): The five basic food groups defined by the USDA's MyPlate food guide.
- [BatteryType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BatteryType.en.md): Physical properties of batteries based on chemical type.
- [Beach](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Beach.en.md): Notable beaches around the world.
- [BiogeographicRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BiogeographicRegion.en.md): Geographical regions that comprise various habitats of living organisms.
- [Biome](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Biome.en.md): Ecological areas that comprise various habitat environments of living organisms.
- [BioSequenceType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BioSequenceType.en.md): Alphabets and relationships between letters that allow strings to represent biological sequences.
- [BlackHole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BlackHole.en.md): Position and mass-derived properties of black holes.
- [BoardGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BoardGame.en.md): Notable modern and historical board games.
- [Book](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Book.en.md): Notable books and other texts.
- [Bridge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Bridge.en.md): Notable bridges and bridge systems.
- [BroadcastStationClassification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BroadcastStationClassification.en.md): FCC classifications of AM and FM radio stations.
- [BroadcastStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/BroadcastStation.en.md): Notable radio and TV stations around the world.
- [Building](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Building.en.md): Notable buildings and other manmade structures.
- [Canal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Canal.en.md): Notable canals and related artificial waterways around the world.
- [Castle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Castle.en.md): Notable standing and ruined castles and fortifications around the world.
- [CatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CatBreed.en.md): Officially recognized cat breeds.
- [CattleBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CattleBreed.en.md): Common cattle breeds around the world.
- [Cave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Cave.en.md): Notable caves around the world.
- [Cemetery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Cemetery.en.md): Notable cemeteries around the world.
- [Character](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Character.en.md): Typographical characters and other symbols.
- [Chemical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Chemical.en.md): Notable chemical compounds.
- [City](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/City.en.md): Cities, towns and other recognized population centers.
- [Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Cloud.en.md): Named types of clouds.
- [CognitiveTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CognitiveTask.en.md): Tasks assessed to measure cognitive skills.
- [Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Color.en.md): Named colors in common usage and from proprietary color systems.
- [ColorSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ColorSet.en.md): Sets and groupings of related colors.
- [Comet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Comet.en.md): Comets in our solar system.
- [Company](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Company.en.md): Notable public and private companies.
- [ComputationalComplexityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ComputationalComplexityClass.en.md): Classes of computer algorithms defined according to scaling of time and memory.
- [Concept](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Concept.en.md): General representations of physical and abstract entities.
- [Constellation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Constellation.en.md): Constellations officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
- [ContinuedFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ContinuedFraction.en.md): Continued fraction identities.
- [ContinuedFractionResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ContinuedFractionResult.en.md): Mathematical results involving continued fractions.
- [ContinuedFractionSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ContinuedFractionSource.en.md): Bibliographic references to the mathematical literature on continued fractions.
- [Country](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Country.en.md): Countries and their dependent territories.
- [CrystalFamily](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CrystalFamily.en.md): Named crystal families.
- [CrystallographicSpaceGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CrystallographicSpaceGroup.en.md): Crystallographic space groups.
- [CrystalSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CrystalSystem.en.md): Named crystal systems.
- [CultivatedPlant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CultivatedPlant.en.md): Physical and growth information for cultivated plants.
- [CultivatedPlantType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CultivatedPlantType.en.md): Physical and growth information for cultivated plants.
- [CurrencyDenomination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/CurrencyDenomination.en.md): Coins and banknotes from countries around the world.
- [Dam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Dam.en.md): Notable dams around the world.
- [DeepSpaceProbe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/DeepSpaceProbe.en.md): Deep space probes that explore beyond the confines of Earth's orbit.
- [Desert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Desert.en.md): Notable deserts around the world.
- [Digimon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Digimon.en.md): Digimon characters, also known as Digital Monsters.
- [Dinosaur](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Dinosaur.en.md): Dinosaur taxa from around the world.
- [Disease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Disease.en.md): Diseases and symptoms as specified by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system.
- [DisplayFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/DisplayFormat.en.md): Display formats for various devices, screen resolutions, paper sizes and photographic print sizes.
- [DistrictCourt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/DistrictCourt.en.md): United States District Courts.
- [DogBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/DogBreed.en.md): Officially recognized dog breeds.
- [EarthImpact](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/EarthImpact.en.md): Impact craters found around the world.
- [Earthquake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Earthquake.en.md): Recent and historical earthquakes.
- [EclipseType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/EclipseType.en.md): Types of solar or lunar eclipses.
- [Element](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Element.en.md): The elements of the periodic table.
- [Emotion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Emotion.en.md): Canonical representations of human emotions.
- [Exoplanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Exoplanet.en.md): Planets beyond the solar system.
- [FamousChemistryProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FamousChemistryProblem.en.md): Notable named results in chemistry.
- [FamousGem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FamousGem.en.md): Famous historical and modern gemstones.
- [FamousMathGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FamousMathGame.en.md): Notable named mathematical games.
- [FamousMathProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FamousMathProblem.en.md): Notable named results in mathematics.
- [FamousPhysicsProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FamousPhysicsProblem.en.md): Notable named results in physics.
- [FictionalCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FictionalCharacter.en.md): Fictional characters from all forms of popular media.
- [FictionalPlace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FictionalPlace.en.md): Fictional places in various media appearances of fictional characters.
- [FictionalSpecies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FictionalSpecies.en.md): Fictional species in various media appearances of fictional characters.
- [FileFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FileFormat.en.md): Commonly used computer file formats.
- [Financial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Financial.en.md): Stocks, mutual funds, indices and other financial instruments.
- [FiniteGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FiniteGroup.en.md): Notable mathematical groups of finite order.
- [Flight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Flight.en.md): Aircraft flights within or connecting to the United States.
- [FoodAge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodAge.en.md): Ages of foods given as lengths of time and stages of maturity.
- [FoodAlcoholLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodAlcoholLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the alcohol content of beverages.
- [FoodBeefGrade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodBeefGrade.en.md): USDA grades of beef and beef grade descriptions.
- [FoodBoneContent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodBoneContent.en.md): Descriptions of the bone content in meats.
- [FoodBrandName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodBrandName.en.md): Brand names of food-related businesses such as manufacturers and restaurant chains.
- [FoodCaffeineLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodCaffeineLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the caffeine content of foods and beverages.
- [FoodCalorieLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodCalorieLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the calorie content of foods and beverages.
- [FoodComposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodComposition.en.md): Descriptions of the shapes, textures and ingredients of foods and beverages.
- [FoodConcentration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodConcentration.en.md): Descriptions of the concentration of food ingredients.
- [FoodCrustType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodCrustType.en.md): Types of crusts found in foods.
- [FoodCulture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodCulture.en.md): Cuisines and their associated cultures.
- [FoodDataSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodDataSource.en.md): Food databases used as data sources for Wolfram Language food and nutrition data.
- [Food](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Food.en.md): Foods from many countries and cultures, including raw ingredients, packaged foods and restaurant items.
- [FoodFatLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodFatLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the lipid and fatty acid content of foods.
- [FoodFatType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodFatType.en.md): Types of fats, oils and lipids found in foods and beverages.
- [FoodFiberLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodFiberLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the fiber content of food.
- [FoodFlavor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodFlavor.en.md): Flavors, tastes and aromas of food.
- [FoodGeometryType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodGeometryType.en.md): Descriptions of shapes, containers and portions of foods.
- [FoodIntendedUse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodIntendedUse.en.md): Intended uses or actions for foods and beverages.
- [FoodIronLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodIronLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the iron content of food and beverages.
- [FoodLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodLocation.en.md): Locations of origin for various foods and beverages.
- [FoodManufacturer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodManufacturer.en.md): Companies that manufacture food and parent companies of various food brands.
- [FoodMeatCut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodMeatCut.en.md): Names of various cuts of meat and descriptions of meat.
- [FoodMeatQuality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodMeatQuality.en.md): Grades of meat and descriptions of meat quality.
- [FoodMoistureLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodMoistureLevel.en.md): Descriptions of the moisture content of foods.
- [FoodNutritionalSupplement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodNutritionalSupplement.en.md): Descriptions of nutritional and dietary supplements.
- [FoodNutritionalSupplementNotAdded](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodNutritionalSupplementNotAdded.en.md): Standard descriptions of nutritional and dietary supplements not included in foods and beverages.
- [FoodPackaging](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodPackaging.en.md): Types of packaging commonly used for foods and beverages.
- [FoodPart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodPart.en.md): Named parts of plant-based and animal-based foods.
- [FoodPattyCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodPattyCount.en.md): Descriptions of the number of patties in hamburgers and similar foods.
- [FoodPeelingType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodPeelingType.en.md): Descriptions of peels and other coverings of edible plants.
- [FoodPreparation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodPreparation.en.md): Various traditional and industrial food preparation methods.
- [FoodProcessingType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodProcessingType.en.md): Common methods of food processing, preparation or treatment.
- [FoodSeafoodVariety](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSeafoodVariety.en.md): Varieties and descriptions of fish and other seafood.
- [FoodSeedContent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSeedContent.en.md): Descriptions of the seed content of foods.
- [FoodServingType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodServingType.en.md): Serving styles of food.
- [FoodSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSize.en.md): Descriptions of the weight, length and other dimensions of foods and beverages.
- [FoodSkinContent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSkinContent.en.md): Descriptions of the state and condition of the skins of foods.
- [FoodSodiumLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSodiumLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the sodium or salt content of foods.
- [FoodState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodState.en.md): Descriptions of the physical states of foods and beverages.
- [FoodStorageType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodStorageType.en.md): Descriptions of the required storage conditions for foods and beverages.
- [FoodSubBrandName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSubBrandName.en.md): A list of sub-brands associated with food and beverage products.
- [FoodSugarLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSugarLabel.en.md): Descriptions of the sugar content of foods and beverages.
- [FoodSugarType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodSugarType.en.md): Natural and artificial sweeteners found in foods and beverages.
- [FoodTexture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodTexture.en.md): Descriptions of the textures of foods and beverages.
- [FoodTrimmingLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodTrimmingLevel.en.md): Descriptions of the thickness of the exterior fat layer of meats after trimming.
- [FoodType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodType.en.md): Foods and beverages with more than one variety.
- [FoodTypeGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodTypeGroup.en.md): Groups of foods with shared characteristics.
- [FoodVariety](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodVariety.en.md): Ingredients and other terms used to represent particular varieties of foods.
- [FoodVegetablePart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FoodVegetablePart.en.md): Common and scientific names of various parts of plants.
- [Forest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Forest.en.md): Notable forests around the world.
- [FrequencyAllocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FrequencyAllocation.en.md): Named ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- [FunctionalAnalysisSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FunctionalAnalysisSource.en.md): Bibliographic references to the mathematical literature on functional analysis.
- [FunctionSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/FunctionSpace.en.md): Notable function spaces from functional analysis.
- [Galaxy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Galaxy.en.md): Galaxies from a variety of well-known catalogs.
- [Gender](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Gender.en.md): Canonical representations of human genders.
- [Gene](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Gene.en.md): Named genes for a number of model organisms.
- [GeneticTranslationTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GeneticTranslationTable.en.md): Codon encodings for translating nucleic acids into proteins in different biological systems.
- [GeographicRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GeographicRegion.en.md): Continents and other large regions of Earth.
- [GeologicalFormation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GeologicalFormation.en.md): Location, extent and lithology of geological formations.
- [GeologicalLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GeologicalLayer.en.md): Named layers that make up the internal structure of Earth.
- [GeologicalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GeologicalPeriod.en.md): Named time divisions used in the geologic timescale.
- [GeometricScene](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GeometricScene.en.md): Symbolic representations of notable constructions and theorems from plane geometry.
- [GivenName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GivenName.en.md): Male and female given names.
- [Glacier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Glacier.en.md): Notable glaciers around the world.
- [GoatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GoatBreed.en.md): Common goat breeds around the world.
- [GrammaticalUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/GrammaticalUnit.en.md): Parts of speech and other units of grammatical structure.
- [Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Graph.en.md): Notable simple undirected mathematical graphs.
- [HistoricalCountry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HistoricalCountry.en.md): Nations, empires and other civilizations across history.
- [HistoricalEvent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HistoricalEvent.en.md): Historical events from ancient to modern times.
- [HistoricalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HistoricalPeriod.en.md): Notable historical periods in world history.
- [HistoricalSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HistoricalSite.en.md): Memorials, parks, houses and other sites of designated historical importance.
- [HistoricalUSDAPlantHardinessZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HistoricalUSDAPlantHardinessZone.en.md): Archived geographically defined areas divided based on the average minimum temperatures.
- [HorseBreedConservationStatus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HorseBreedConservationStatus.en.md): Conservation status of domesticated horse breeds.
- [HorseBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HorseBreed.en.md): Common horse breeds around the world.
- [HorseCoatColorAndPattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HorseCoatColorAndPattern.en.md): Coat colors and patterns of domesticated horse breeds.
- [HorseType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HorseType.en.md): Types of domesticated horse breeds.
- [HorseUse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/HorseUse.en.md): Uses of domesticated horse breeds.
- [ICDNine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ICDNine.en.md): Medical diagnosis codes from the International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision.
- [ICDTen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ICDTen.en.md): Medical diagnosis codes from the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.
- [Icon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Icon.en.md): Icons representing a variety of objects and concepts.
- [IntegerSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/IntegerSequence.en.md): Notable named sequences of integers.
- [InternetDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/InternetDomain.en.md): Notable named internet domains.
- [IPAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/IPAddress.en.md): Numerical IP addresses.
- [Island](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Island.en.md): Notable islands around the world.
- [ISO15924Group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ISO15924Group.en.md): Groups of writing scripts defined in ISO 15924.
- [Isotope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Isotope.en.md): Variants of a given chemical element that differ in neutron number.
- [Knot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Knot.en.md): Notable mathematical knots.
- [Lake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Lake.en.md): Notable lakes around the world.
- [Lamina](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Lamina.en.md): Notable filled regions in the plane.
- [Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Language.en.md): Notable recognized languages around the world.
- [Laser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Laser.en.md): Notable types of lasers.
- [Lattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Lattice.en.md): Notable mathematical lattices.
- [LatticeSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/LatticeSystem.en.md): Named lattice systems.
- [LibraryBranch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/LibraryBranch.en.md): Notable individual library branches and facilities.
- [LibrarySystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/LibrarySystem.en.md): Notable public and university library systems.
- [LightColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/LightColor.en.md): Visible spectral colors of light.
- [LunarInteriorLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/LunarInteriorLayer.en.md): Named layers that make up the internal structure of the Moon.
- [MannedSpaceMission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MannedSpaceMission.en.md): Space missions with human crews from a variety of countries around the world.
- [MathematicalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MathematicalFunction.en.md): Named special functions.
- [MathWorld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MathWorld.en.md): Definitions and descriptions for mathematical terms.
- [MeasurementDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MeasurementDevice.en.md): Measurement devices and tools.
- [MedicalTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MedicalTest.en.md): Common medical laboratory tests and measurements.
- [MeteorShower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MeteorShower.en.md): Meteor shower events that occur annually.
- [MetropolitanArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MetropolitanArea.en.md): Notable metropolitan or urban areas.
- [MilitaryConflict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MilitaryConflict.en.md): Wars, battles and other historical conflicts.
- [Mine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Mine.en.md): Locations and facilities dedicated to the extraction of minerals and other natural resources.
- [Mineral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Mineral.en.md): Naturally occurring crystalline substances with a fixed chemical composition and structure.
- [MinorPlanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MinorPlanet.en.md): Minor planets in our solar system, including dwarf planets.
- [Mountain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Mountain.en.md): Notable mountains, hills and related rock formations.
- [Movie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Movie.en.md): Notable movies and movie franchises.
- [Museum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Museum.en.md): Notable museums around the world.
- [MusicAct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MusicAct.en.md): Notable musicians and bands.
- [MusicAlbum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MusicAlbum.en.md): Notable music albums and movie soundtracks.
- [MusicAlbumRelease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MusicAlbumRelease.en.md): Unique releases of music albums.
- [MusicalInstrument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MusicalInstrument.en.md): Musical instruments from cultures around the world.
- [MusicWork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MusicWork.en.md): Notable songs and musical numbers.
- [MusicWorkRecording](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/MusicWorkRecording.en.md): Specific recordings of songs.
- [Mythology](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Mythology.en.md): Notable figures from the mythologies of many cultures.
- [Nebula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Nebula.en.md): Nebulae from a variety of well-known catalogs.
- [Neighborhood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Neighborhood.en.md): Notable neighborhoods in major cities.
- [NetworkService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/NetworkService.en.md): Software services used in internet communication and data transfer.
- [Neuron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Neuron.en.md): Nerve cells found in the human nervous system.
- [NonperiodicTiling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/NonperiodicTiling.en.md): Notable named nonperiodic tilings.
- [NotableComputer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/NotableComputer.en.md): Computers of historical significance.
- [NuclearExplosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/NuclearExplosion.en.md): Notable nuclear tests and other recorded detonations.
- [NuclearReactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/NuclearReactor.en.md): Notable active and decommissioned nuclear reactors around the world.
- [NuclearTestSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/NuclearTestSite.en.md): Notable nuclear test sites around the world.
- [Nutrient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Nutrient.en.md): Nutrients including vitamins, minerals and fatty acids
- [Ocean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Ocean.en.md): Oceans, seas, bays and other bodies of salt water.
- [OilField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/OilField.en.md): Notable oil fields around the world.
- [Park](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Park.en.md): Notable parks, monuments and other preserved areas around the world.
- [ParticleAccelerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ParticleAccelerator.en.md): Machines used to propel charged particles for particle physics research.
- [Particle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Particle.en.md): Subatomic particles.
- [PartOfSpeech](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PartOfSpeech.en.md): Canonical representations of traditional parts of speech.
- [PepperHeat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PepperHeat.en.md): Classifications for pungency of peppers.
- [Periodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Periodical.en.md): Newspapers, magazines and other periodical publications.
- [PeriodicTiling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PeriodicTiling.en.md): Notable periodic tilings.
- [Person](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Person.en.md): Notable people of the past and present.
- [PersonTitle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PersonTitle.en.md): Honorifics and titles awarded to individuals.
- [PhysicalActivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PhysicalActivity.en.md): Everyday human activities and exercises.
- [PhysicalConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PhysicalConstant.en.md): Notable physical constants.
- [PhysicalEffect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PhysicalEffect.en.md): Named physical effects and phenomena.
- [PhysicalQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PhysicalQuantity.en.md): Physical quantities.
- [PhysicalSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PhysicalSystem.en.md): Notable physical systems.
- [PigBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PigBreed.en.md): Common pig breeds across the world.
- [PigeonBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PigeonBreed.en.md): Common pigeon breeds around the world.
- [PilatesExercise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PilatesExercise.en.md): Named Pilates exercises and movements.
- [PlaneCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlaneCurve.en.md): Notable plane curves.
- [PlanetaryMoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlanetaryMoon.en.md): Natural satellites in the solar system.
- [Planet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Planet.en.md): Planets in our solar system.
- [PlantDisease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantDisease.en.md): Common plant diseases caused by pathogens and other environmental factors.
- [PlantEarliness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantEarliness.en.md): The ability of plants to grow and develop rapidly.
- [Plant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Plant.en.md): 
- [PlantGrowthForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantGrowthForm.en.md): The growth habits or modes of plants.
- [PlantHeredity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantHeredity.en.md): The type of inheritance for plants.
- [PlantLeafRetention](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantLeafRetention.en.md): The ability of plants to retain leaves beyond one growing season.
- [PlantLifeCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantLifeCycle.en.md): The natural life cycle of a plant.
- [PlantPhysiologicalResistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantPhysiologicalResistance.en.md): The adverse physiological conditions that plants can adapt to.
- [PlantPollinator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantPollinator.en.md): The method by which plants spread their pollen.
- [PlantPropagationMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantPropagationMethod.en.md): The methods used to propagate plants.
- [PlantSoilMoisturePreference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantSoilMoisturePreference.en.md): The preferred soil moisture condition for plants.
- [PlantStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantStructure.en.md): The structural parts of plants.
- [PlantSunRequirement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantSunRequirement.en.md): A description of whether a plant should be planted in full sun, partial shade or shade.
- [PlantUse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PlantUse.en.md): Uses of plants, such as for the production of food, fuels and decoration.
- [PokemonEggGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PokemonEggGroup.en.md): Breeding groups for Pokémon.
- [Pokemon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Pokemon.en.md): Pokémon characters and their various forms.
- [Polyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Polyhedron.en.md): Notable polyhedra and polyhedron compounds.
- [PopularCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PopularCurve.en.md): Mathematical representations of people, characters and objects from popular culture.
- [PoultryBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PoultryBreed.en.md): Common poultry breeds around the world.
- [PreservationStatus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PreservationStatus.en.md): Formal preservation statuses assigned to notable historic buildings and other locations.
- [PrivateSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PrivateSchool.en.md): Private schools in the United States.
- [ProgrammingLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md): Notable modern and historical programming languages from all paradigms.
- [Protein](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Protein.en.md): Biologically important macromolecules made up of long chains of amino acids.
- [PublicSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/PublicSchool.en.md): Public schools in the United States.
- [Pulsar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Pulsar.en.md): Fast-rotating neutron stars that emit pulses of radiation.
- [Reef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Reef.en.md): Notable reefs around the world.
- [Religion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Religion.en.md): Notable religions from many countries and cultures.
- [ReserveLand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ReserveLand.en.md): Notable natural reserve areas around the world.
- [River](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/River.en.md): Notable rivers, creeks, brooks and similar freshwater bodies.
- [Rocket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Rocket.en.md): Notable manned and unmanned rockets.
- [Satellite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Satellite.en.md): Artificial satellites that orbit Earth.
- [SchoolDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SchoolDistrict.en.md): School districts in the United States.
- [SheepBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SheepBreed.en.md): Common sheep breeds across the world.
- [Ship](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Ship.en.md): Notable modern and historical ships.
- [Shipwreck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Shipwreck.en.md): Notable shipwrecks around the world.
- [SNP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SNP.en.md): Single variations between the reference genome and sample populations.
- [SolarSystemFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SolarSystemFeature.en.md): Solar system features recognized by the International Astronomical Union.
- [Solid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Solid.en.md): Notable mathematical solids.
- [Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Sound.en.md): Sounds made by animals, objects, natural phenomena and other sources.
- [Source](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Source.en.md): Data sources used in the Wolfram Knowledgebase.
- [SpaceCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpaceCurve.en.md): Notable space curves.
- [SpeciesAntipredatorAdaptation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesAntipredatorAdaptation.en.md): Strategies used by organisms to protect themselves against predators.
- [SpeciesBehavioralFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesBehavioralFeature.en.md): Characteristic behaviors of organisms.
- [SpeciesColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesColor.en.md): Named colors to describe body or structural parts of organisms.
- [SpeciesConservationStatus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesConservationStatus.en.md): Endangerment status of a group of organisms.
- [SpeciesDevelopmentalFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesDevelopmentalFeature.en.md): Developmental processes and traits of organisms.
- [SpeciesDiet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesDiet.en.md): Types of food that organisms consume.
- [Species](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Species.en.md): 
- [SpeciesFeedingBehavior](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesFeedingBehavior.en.md): Feeding strategies of organisms.
- [SpeciesLegDevelopment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesLegDevelopment.en.md): Limb development for organisms.
- [SpeciesNestType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesNestType.en.md): Types of nests used by organisms.
- [SpeciesOxygenTolerance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesOxygenTolerance.en.md): The ability of organisms to survive in the absence of oxygen.
- [SpeciesPhyleticGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesPhyleticGroup.en.md): Groups of organisms, including mono-, para- and polyphyletic taxa.
- [SpeciesReproductiveFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesReproductiveFeature.en.md): Reproductive processes and traits of organisms.
- [SpeciesSensoryChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesSensoryChannel.en.md): Types of perception or communication channels used by organisms.
- [SpeciesSexualDimorphism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesSexualDimorphism.en.md): Characteristic sex-specific morphological differences in organisms.
- [SpeciesSubstrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesSubstrate.en.md): Surface that organisms live on.
- [SpeciesTemporalConcept](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesTemporalConcept.en.md): Named seasons associated with the biological characteristics of organisms.
- [SpeciesThermalAdaptation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesThermalAdaptation.en.md): The ability of organisms to adapt to extreme temperatures.
- [SpeciesThermoregulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesThermoregulation.en.md): The ability of organisms to maintain their internal body temperatures.
- [SpeciesTrophicGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SpeciesTrophicGroup.en.md): Organisms grouped by their nutritional modes.
- [SportMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SportMatch.en.md): Games and matches associated with specific sports.
- [SportObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SportObject.en.md): Sports equipment, playing surfaces and related objects.
- [Stadium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Stadium.en.md): Stadiums and other facilities that host sporting events.
- [StarCluster](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/StarCluster.en.md): Star clusters from a variety of well-known catalogs.
- [Star](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Star.en.md): Stars from a variety of well-known catalogs.
- [Supernova](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Supernova.en.md): Historic and modern supernovae.
- [SupernovaType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SupernovaType.en.md): Observed and theoretical supernova types.
- [Surface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Surface.en.md): Notable mathematical surfaces.
- [Surname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Surname.en.md): Common surnames.
- [SystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/SystemModel.en.md): Objects used for design and analysis of dynamical systems.
- [TaxonomicRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TaxonomicRank.en.md): Taxonomic ranks of a group of organisms.
- [TaxonomicSpecies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TaxonomicSpecies.en.md): Taxonomic and physical data for animals, plants, fungi and other microorganisms.
- [TidalConstituent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TidalConstituent.en.md): Dominant tidal constituents used for predicting tides.
- [TideStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TideStation.en.md): Tidal measuring stations and 2010 DTU satellite model locations.
- [TimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TimeZone.en.md): Time zones around the world.
- [TopLevelDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TopLevelDomain.en.md): Internet domains recognized by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.
- [TopologicalSpaceType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TopologicalSpaceType.en.md): Notable types of topological spaces from functional analysis.
- [TropicalStorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/TropicalStorm.en.md): Notable hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons and other storms.
- [Tunnel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Tunnel.en.md): Notable tunnels and tunnel systems.
- [UnderseaFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/UnderseaFeature.en.md): Notable seafloor features around the world.
- [University](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/University.en.md): Notable institutions of higher education.
- [USCongressionalDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/USCongressionalDistrict.en.md): Congressional districts in the United States.
- [USDAEggSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/USDAEggSize.en.md): Sizes of chicken eggs according to the USDA.
- [USDAFoodGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/USDAFoodGroup.en.md): Food groups defined in the USDA National Nutrient Database.
- [USDAPlantHardinessZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/USDAPlantHardinessZone.en.md): Geographically defined areas divided based on the average minimum temperatures.
- [USDAPlantShadeTolerance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/USDAPlantShadeTolerance.en.md): The ability of plants to tolerate shady conditions.
- [USDASoilTexture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/USDASoilTexture.en.md): Textures of the surface layer of soil.
- [Volcano](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Volcano.en.md): Notable volcanoes around the world.
- [Waterfall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Waterfall.en.md): Notable waterfalls around the world.
- [WeatherStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WeatherStation.en.md): Weather stations around the world.
- [WeightTrainingExercise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WeightTrainingExercise.en.md): Named weight training exercises and workouts.
- [WolframDemonstration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WolframDemonstration.en.md): Interactive Wolfram Notebook for education, research, recreation and more.
- [WolframLanguageSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WolframLanguageSymbol.en.md): Built-in symbols of the Wolfram Language.
- [Word](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/Word.en.md): Words and phrases in the English language.
- [WritingDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WritingDirection.en.md): Standard classifications of writing directions associated with specific writing scripts.
- [WritingScriptBaseline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WritingScriptBaseline.en.md): Baseline positions for writing scripts.
- [WritingScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WritingScript.en.md): Sets of graphic characters used for writing languages.
- [WritingScriptType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WritingScriptType.en.md): Basic types of scripts used in written languages.
- [YogaPose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/YogaPose.en.md): Named poses from various styles of yoga.
- [YogaPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/YogaPosition.en.md): Body positions specific to yoga exercises.
- [YogaProp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/YogaProp.en.md): Props incorporated into yoga exercises.
- [YogaSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/YogaSequence.en.md): Commonly practiced sequences of yoga poses.
- [ZIPCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ZIPCode.en.md): ZIP Codes issued by the US Postal Service.

### externalevaluationsystem

- [CUDA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/CUDA.en.md): CUDA (External Evaluation System)
- [Java](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Java.en.md): Java (External Evaluation System)
- [Julia](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Julia.en.md): Julia (External Evaluation System)
- [Jupyter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Jupyter.en.md): Jupyter (External Evaluation System)
- [NodeJS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/NodeJS.en.md): NodeJS (External Evaluation System)
- [Octave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Octave.en.md): Octave (External Evaluation System)
- [Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Python.en.md): Python (External Evaluation System)
- [R](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/R.en.md): R (External Evaluation System)
- [Ruby](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Ruby.en.md): Ruby (External Evaluation System)
- [Shell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/Shell.en.md): Shell (External Evaluation System)
- [SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/SQL.en.md): SQL (External Evaluation System)Listing of Supported Databases >
- [SQL-JDBC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/SQL-JDBC.en.md): SQL-JDBC (External Evaluation System)Listing of Supported Databases >
- [WebDriver-Chrome](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/WebDriverChrome.en.md): WebDriver-Chrome (External Evaluation System)
- [WebDriver-Chrome-Headless](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/WebDriverChromeHeadless.en.md): WebDriver-Chrome-Headless (External Evaluation System)
- [WebDriver-Firefox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/WebDriverFirefox.en.md): WebDriver-Firefox (External Evaluation System)
- [WebDriver-Firefox-Headless](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/externalevaluationsystem/WebDriverFirefoxHeadless.en.md): WebDriver-Firefox-Headless (External Evaluation System)

### file

- [file.cdf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/file.cdf.en.md): file . cdf is a Computable Document Format file.
- [file.m](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/file.m.en.md): file . m is a Wolfram Language package file.
- [file.nb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/file.nb.en.md): file . nb is a Wolfram System notebook file.
- [file.tm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/file.tm.en.md): file . tm is a WSTP template file.
- [init.m](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/init.m.en.md): init.m is a Wolfram System initialization file.
- [mathlink.h](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/mathlink.h.en.md): The header file mathlink . h has been replaced with wstp . h.
- [wstp.h](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/file/wstp.h.en.md): wstp . h WSTP header file.

### format

- [3DS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/3DS.en.md): MIME types: application/x-3ds, image/x-3ds
- [7z](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/7z.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/x-7z-compressed
- [ACO](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ACO.en.md): Adobe Photoshop color swatch format.
- [Affymetrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Affymetrix.en.md): Affymetrix microarray data formats.
- [AgilentMicroarray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/AgilentMicroarray.en.md): Agilent microarray data format.
- [AIFF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/AIFF.en.md): MIME types: audio/aiff, audio/x-aiff, audio/x-aifc
- [ApacheLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ApacheLog.en.md): Log files.
- [ArcGRID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ArcGRID.en.md): ArcGRID topographic data format.
- [ArrowDataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ArrowDataset.en.md): Efficient multi-file, column-oriented data format.
- [ArrowIPC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ArrowIPC.en.md): Registered MIME types: application/vnd.apache.arrow.file, application/vnd.apache.arrow.stream
- [AU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/AU.en.md): Registered MIME type: audio/basic
- [AVI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/AVI.en.md): Registered MIME type: video/avi
- [AVIF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/AVIF.en.md): MIME type: image/avif
- [Base64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Base64.en.md): Base64 binary-to-text encoding.
- [BDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/BDF.en.md): BDF physiological signal recordings format.
- [Binary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Binary.en.md): Sequence of binary data objects.
- [BioImageFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/BioImageFormat.en.md): Supports reading proprietary microscopy image data and metadata.
- [Bit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Bit.en.md): Uniform sequence of bits.
- [BMP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/BMP.en.md): MIME type: image/bmp
- [BSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/BSON.en.md): JSON-like binary serialization.
- [Byte](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Byte.en.md): Sequence of bytes.
- [BYU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/BYU.en.md): 3D geometry format.
- [BZIP2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/BZIP2.en.md): MIME type: application/x-bzip2
- [CDED](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CDED.en.md): Canadian digital elevation data.
- [CDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CDF.en.md): MIME types: application/vnd.wolfram.cdf, application/vnd.wolfram.cdf.text
- [CDX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CDX.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-cdxChemDraw Exchange format.
- [CDXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CDXML.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-cdxmlXML version of the ChemDraw Exchange format, CDX.
- [C](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/C.en.md): C programming language.
- [Character16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Character16.en.md): Sequence of 16-bit characters.
- [Character32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Character32.en.md): Sequence of 32-bit characters.
- [Character8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Character8.en.md): Sequence of 8-bit characters.
- [CIF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CIF.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-cif
- [CML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CML.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-cml
- [CommonLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CommonLog.en.md): Common Log Format.
- [Complex128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Complex128.en.md): Uniform sequence of IEEE double-precision complex numbers.
- [Complex256](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Complex256.en.md): Uniform sequence of IEEE quad-precision complex numbers.
- [Complex64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Complex64.en.md): Uniform sequence of IEEE single-precision complex numbers.
- [CSV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CSV.en.md): MIME type: text/comma-separated-values, text/csv
- [Cube](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Cube.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-cubeGaussian cube file.
- [CUR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/CUR.en.md): Microsoft Windows cursor.
- [DAE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DAE.en.md): MIME type: model/vnd.collada+xml
- [DBF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DBF.en.md): MIME types: application/dbf, application/dbase
- [DICOMDIR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DICOMDIR.en.md): MIME type: application/dicom
- [DICOM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DICOM.en.md): MIME type: application/dicom
- [DIF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DIF.en.md): DIF spreadsheet format.
- [DIMACS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DIMACS.en.md): DIMACS graph data format.
- [Directory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Directory.en.md): File system directory hierarchy.
- [DOCX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DOCX.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
- [DOT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DOT.en.md): DOT graph language and data format.
- [DTA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DTA.en.md): MIME type: application/x-stata-dta
- [DXF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/DXF.en.md): MIME types: image/vnd.dxf, image/x-dxf
- [EDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/EDF.en.md): EDF and EDF+ physiological signal recordings formats.
- [EMF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/EMF.en.md): As of Version 12.3, the EMF format is obsolete. Use other vector graphic formats, such as SVG.
- [EML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/EML.en.md): MIME type: message/rfc822
- [EPS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/EPS.en.md): MIME types: application/postscript, application/eps, application/x-eps, image/eps, image/x-eps
- [ExpressionJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ExpressionJSON.en.md): MIME type: application/json.
- [ExpressionML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ExpressionML.en.md): MIME type: text/xmlWolfram Language ExpressionML format.
- [ExtendedLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ExtendedLog.en.md): Extended Log Format.Customizable log format for advanced logging.
- [FASTA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FASTA.en.md): MIME type: chemical/seq-aa-fasta, chemical/seq-na-fasta
- [FASTQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FASTQ.en.md): MIME type: chemical/seq-na-fastq
- [FBX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FBX.en.md): Filmbox file format.
- [FCHK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FCHK.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-gaussian-checkpointGaussian-formatted checkpoint file.
- [FCS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FCS.en.md): FCS molecular biology format.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ## Examples (13)
- [FEN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FEN.en.md): As of Version 13.3, FEN has been superseded by the Wolfram/Chess paclet in the Wolfram Paclet Repository.
- [FITS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FITS.en.md): MIME types: application/fits, image/fits
- [FLAC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FLAC.en.md): MIME type: audio/x - flac
- [FLV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FLV.en.md): Registered MIME type: video/x-flv
- [FMU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/FMU.en.md): Model or component with defined interfaces for simulation.
- [GaussianLog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GaussianLog.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-gaussian-log
- [GenBank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GenBank.en.md): MIME type: chemical/seq-na-genbank
- [GeoJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GeoJSON.en.md): MIME type: application/geo+json.
- [GeoTIFF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GeoTIFF.en.md): GIS extension of the TIFF format.
- [GGUF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GGUF.en.md): Open format designed for the fast loading and saving of large language models.
- [GIF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GIF.en.md): Registered MIME type: image/gif
- [GLTF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GLTF.en.md): MIME type: model/gltf+binary, model/gltf+json
- [GML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GML.en.md): MIME type: application/gml+xml
- [GPX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GPX.en.md): GPX global positioning data.
- [Graph6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Graph6.en.md): Graph6 graph data format.
- [Graphlet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Graphlet.en.md): Graphlet GML graph data format.
- [GraphML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GraphML.en.md): GraphML graph data format.
- [GRIB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GRIB.en.md): GRIB scientific data file format.
- [GTOPO30](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GTOPO30.en.md): GTOPO30 global topographic data.
- [GXF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GXF.en.md): Raster format, also known as Grid eXchange File.
- [GXL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GXL.en.md): GXL graph data format.
- [GZIP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GZIP.en.md): MIME type: application/x-gzip
- [HarwellBoeing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HarwellBoeing.en.md): Harwell-Boeing matrix format.
- [HDF5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HDF5.en.md): MIME type: application/x-hdf5
- [HDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HDF.en.md): MIME type: application/x-hdf
- [HEIF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HEIF.en.md): MIME type: image/heic, image/heif, image/heic-sequence, image/heif-sequence
- [HIN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HIN.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-hin
- [HTML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HTML.en.md): Registered MIME type: text/html
- [HTMLFragment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HTMLFragment.en.md): Registered MIME type: text/html
- [HTTPRequest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HTTPRequest.en.md): HTTP message request format.
- [HTTPResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/HTTPResponse.en.md): HTTP message response format.
- [ICC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ICC.en.md): ICC color profile format.
- [ICNS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ICNS.en.md): Macintosh icons format.
- [ICO](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ICO.en.md): Registered MIME type: image/vnd.microsoft.icon
- [ICS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ICS.en.md): MIME types: text/calendar
- [IGES](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/IGES.en.md): MIME type: model/iges
- [Ini](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Ini.en.md): Configuration file format.
- [Integer128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Integer128.en.md): Uniform sequence of signed 128-bit integers.
- [Integer16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Integer16.en.md): Uniform sequence of signed 16-bit integers.
- [Integer24](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Integer24.en.md): Uniform sequence of signed 24-bit integers.
- [Integer32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Integer32.en.md): Uniform sequence of signed 32-bit integers.
- [Integer64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Integer64.en.md): Uniform sequence of signed 64-bit integers.
- [Integer8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Integer8.en.md): Uniform sequence of signed 8-bit integers.
- [IPYNB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/IPYNB.en.md): Registered MIME types: application/x-ipynb+json.
- [ISO](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ISO.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/x-iso9660-image
- [JavaProperties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JavaProperties.en.md): Configuration file format.
- [JavaScriptExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JavaScriptExpression.en.md): Code representation format for the JavaScript programming language.
- [JCAMP-DX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JCAMP-DX.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-jcamp-dx
- [JPEG2000](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JPEG2000.en.md): MIME type: image/jp2
- [JPEG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JPEG.en.md): MIME type: image/jpeg
- [JSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JSON.en.md): MIME type: application/json.
- [JSONLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JSONLines.en.md): Registered MIME types: application/jsonl
- [JVX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/JVX.en.md): JavaView 3D geometry format.
- [KML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/KML.en.md): KML map data format.
- [LaTeX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/LaTeX.en.md): MIME type: application/x-tex
- [LEDA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/LEDA.en.md): LEDA graph data format.
- [List](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/List.en.md): Column of numbers or strings.
- [LWO](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/LWO.en.md): MIME type: image/x-lwo
- [M4A](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/M4A.en.md): As of Version 12.2, the M4A format is obsolete. Use MP4 both as an audio and video container.
- [Markdown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Markdown.en.md): Registered MIME types: text/markdown, text/x-markdown
- [MAT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MAT.en.md): MATLAB MAT-files.
- [MathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MathML.en.md): MIME type: text/mathml, application/mathml+xml
- [Matroska](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Matroska.en.md): Registered MIME types: video/x-matroska
- [Maya](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Maya.en.md): Autodesk Maya scene description format.
- [MBOX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MBOX.en.md): MIME type: application/mbox
- [MCTT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MCTT.en.md): Modelica CombiTimeTable ASCII format data files.
- [MDB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MDB.en.md): MIME types: application/mdb, application/msaccess, application/vnd.msaccess
- [MGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MGF.en.md): Wolfram System MGF bitmap format.
- [MIDI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MIDI.en.md): MIME type: audio/midi
- [MMCIF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MMCIF.en.md): MIME types: chemical/x-cif, chemical/x-mmcif
- [MMJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MMJSON.en.md): 3D molecular model file.
- [MOBI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MOBI.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/x-mobipocket-ebook, application/vnd.amazon.ebook
- [MO](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MO.en.md): Modelica models.
- [MOL2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MOL2.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-mol2Tripos MOL2 molecule model files.
- [MOL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MOL.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-mdl-molfile
- [MP3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MP3.en.md): MIME types: audio/mpeg, audio/mpeg3, audio/x-mpeg-3MP3 digital audio format, known as MPEG Audio Layer 3.
- [MP4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MP4.en.md): MIME types: video/mp4
- [MPS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MPS.en.md): MPS mathematical file format.
- [MTP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MTP.en.md): Minitab portable worksheet format.
- [MTX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MTX.en.md): Matrix Market matrix format.
- [MX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MX.en.md): Wolfram Language serialized package format.
- [MXNet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MXNet.en.md): Underlying format of the MXNet deep learning framework, used by the Wolfram Language.
- [NASACDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/NASACDF.en.md): MIME type: application/x-cdf
- [NB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/NB.en.md): Registered MIME types: application/mathematica, application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica
- [NDK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/NDK.en.md): NDK seismologic file format.
- [NetCDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/NetCDF.en.md): MIME type: application/x-netcdf
- [NEXUS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/NEXUS.en.md): NEXUS phylogenetic file format.
- [NOFF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/NOFF.en.md): NOFF 3D geometry format.
- [OBJ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/OBJ.en.md): Wavefront OBJ format.
- [ODS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ODS.en.md): MIME type: application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
- [OFF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/OFF.en.md): OFF 3D geometry format.
- [Ogg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Ogg.en.md): Registered MIME type: video/ogg
- [OggVorbis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/OggVorbis.en.md): As of Version 12.2, the OggVorbis format is obsolete. Use Ogg both as an audio and video container.
- [ONNX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ONNX.en.md): Open format for neural network models.
- [OpenEXR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/OpenEXR.en.md): Registered MIME type: image/x-exr
- [ORC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ORC.en.md): Efficient, general-purpose, column-oriented data format.
- [OSM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/OSM.en.md): Vector map format.
- [Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Package.en.md): As of Version 12.2, the Package format has been superseded by the WL format.
- [Pajek](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Pajek.en.md): Pajek graph language and data format.
- [Parquet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Parquet.en.md): Registered MIME types: application/vnd.apache.parquet
- [PBM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PBM.en.md): MIME type: image/x-portable-bitmap
- [PCAP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PCAP.en.md): MIME type: application/vnd.tcpdump.pcap.
- [PCX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PCX.en.md): Common MIME types: application/pcx, image/pcx
- [PDB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PDB.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-pdb
- [PDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PDF.en.md): MIME type: application/pdf
- [PEM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PEM.en.md): General MIME type: application/x-pem-file
- [PGM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PGM.en.md): MIME type: image/x-portable-graymap
- [PGN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PGN.en.md): As of Version 13.3, PGN has been superseded by the Wolfram/Chess paclet in the Wolfram Paclet Repository.
- [PHPIni](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PHPIni.en.md): Configuration file format.
- [PICT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PICT.en.md): As of Version 12.2, the PICT format is obsolete. Use other image or vector formats such as PDF or PNG.
- [PLY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PLY.en.md): 3D geometry format.
- [PNG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PNG.en.md): Registered MIME type: image/png
- [PNM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PNM.en.md): MIME types: image/x-portable-anymap, image/pbm
- [POR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/POR.en.md): MIME type: application/x-spss-por
- [POV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/POV.en.md): MIME type: model/x-pov
- [PPM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PPM.en.md): MIME type: image/x-portable-pixmap
- [PXR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PXR.en.md): Pixar image format.
- [PythonExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PythonExpression.en.md): Code representation format for the Python programming language.
- [QuickTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/QuickTime.en.md): Registered MIME type: video/quicktime
- [RAR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RAR.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/vnd.rar
- [RawBitmap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RawBitmap.en.md): Raw raster image data.
- [Raw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Raw.en.md): MIME types: image/x-raw-canon, image/x-raw-nikon, image/x-raw-sony, ...
- [RawJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RawJSON.en.md): MIME type: application/json.
- [RData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RData.en.md): R data format family.
- [RDS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RDS.en.md): R data format.
- [Real128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Real128.en.md): Uniform sequence of IEEE quad-precision numbers.
- [Real32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Real32.en.md): Uniform sequence of IEEE single-precision numbers.
- [Real64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Real64.en.md): Uniform sequence of IEEE double-precision numbers.
- [RIB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RIB.en.md): RenderMan RIB user entity file.
- [RLE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RLE.en.md): Raster image format.
- [RSS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RSS.en.md): MIME type: application/rss+xml
- [RTF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/RTF.en.md): MIME type: application/rtf
- [SAS7BDAT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SAS7BDAT.en.md): MIME type: application/x-sas-data
- [SAV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SAV.en.md): MIME type: application/x-spss-sav
- [SCT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SCT.en.md): Scitex CT format.
- [SDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SDF.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-mdl-sdfMDL molecule model files.
- [SDTSDEM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SDTSDEM.en.md): SDTS GIS format.
- [SDTS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SDTS.en.md): SDTS GIS format.
- [SFF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SFF.en.md): MIME type: chemical/seq-na-sff
- [SHP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SHP.en.md): ESRI shape file format.
- [SMA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SMA.en.md): System Modeler archive files that include model dependencies.
- [SME](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SME.en.md): System modeling simulation files generated in Wolfram System Modeler Simulation Center.
- [SMILES](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SMILES.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-daylight-smiles
- [SND](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SND.en.md): Registered MIME type: audio/basic
- [SP3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SP3.en.md): SP3 geospatial file format.
- [Sparse6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Sparse6.en.md): sparse6 graph data format.
- [STEP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/STEP.en.md): MIME type: model/step
- [STL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/STL.en.md): MIME type: application/sla
- [String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/String.en.md): Arbitrary binary data represented as a Wolfram Language string.
- [SurferGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SurferGrid.en.md): Golden Software Surfer geospatial file format.
- [SVG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SVG.en.md): MIME type: image/svg+xml
- [SWF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SWF.en.md): As of Version 12.2, the SWF format is obsolete. Use other video formats such as MP4.
- [SXC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SXC.en.md): MIME type: application/nd.sun.xml.calc
- [Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Table.en.md): Generic tabular data.
- [TAR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TAR.en.md): MIME types: application/tar, application/x-tar
- [TerminatedString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TerminatedString.en.md): Null-terminated text strings.
- [TeX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TeX.en.md): MIME type: application/x-tex
- [TeXFragment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TeXFragment.en.md): MIME type: application/x-tex
- [Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Text.en.md): Plain text file.
- [TGA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TGA.en.md): Common MIME types: application/tga, image/tga, image/tga
- [TGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TGF.en.md): TGF graph data format.
- [TIFF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TIFF.en.md): Registered MIME type: image/tiff
- [TIGER](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TIGER.en.md): TIGER/Line GIS file format.
- [TLE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TLE.en.md): TLE geospatial file format.
- [TOML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TOML.en.md): MIME type: application/toml
- [TopoJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TopoJSON.en.md): TopoJSON GIS format.
- [TSV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TSV.en.md): MIME type: text/tab-separated-values
- [UBJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UBJSON.en.md): MIME type: application/ubjson.
- [UnsignedInteger128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UnsignedInteger128.en.md): Sequence of unsigned 128-bit integers.
- [UnsignedInteger16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UnsignedInteger16.en.md): Sequence of unsigned 16-bit integers.
- [UnsignedInteger24](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UnsignedInteger24.en.md): Sequence of unsigned 24-bit integers.
- [UnsignedInteger32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UnsignedInteger32.en.md): Sequence of unsigned 32-bit integers.
- [UnsignedInteger64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UnsignedInteger64.en.md): Sequence of unsigned 64-bit integers.
- [UnsignedInteger8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UnsignedInteger8.en.md): Sequence of unsigned 8-bit integers.
- [USD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/USD.en.md): MIME type: model/vnd.usd+zip
- [USGSDEM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/USGSDEM.en.md): USGS ASCII DEM files.
- [UUE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/UUE.en.md): Unix uuencoding format.
- [VCF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VCF.en.md): MIME types: text/directory, text/x-vcard
- [VCS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VCS.en.md): MIME types: text/calendar
- [VideoFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VideoFormat.en.md): MIME types: video/3gpp, video/H264, video/x-ms-asf, ...
- [VideoFrames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VideoFrames.en.md): Sequence of raster image files.
- [VRML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VRML.en.md): Registered MIME type: model/vrml
- [VSNB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VSNB.en.md): Visual Studio Code notebooks for Wolfram Language.
- [VTK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/VTK.en.md): Visualization Toolkit format.
- [WARC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WARC.en.md): MIME type: application/warc.
- [Wave64](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/Wave64.en.md): Sony Wave64 audio format.
- [WAV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WAV.en.md): MIME type: audio/x-wav
- [WDX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WDX.en.md): Wolfram Language WDX data format.
- [WebP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WebP.en.md): Registered MIME type: image/webp
- [WL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WL.en.md): MIME type: application/vnd.wolfram.wl, application/vnd.wolfram.mathematica.package
- [WLNet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WLNet.en.md): Used for storing trained and untrained neural nets.
- [WMF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WMF.en.md): As of Version 12.3, the WMF format is obsolete. Use other vector graphic formats, such as SVG.
- [WMLF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WMLF.en.md): Wolfram Machine Learning Format.
- [WXF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/WXF.en.md): Wolfram exchange format.
- [X3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/X3D.en.md): MIME type: model/x3d+xml
- [XBM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XBM.en.md): MIME type: image/x-xbitmap
- [XHTML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XHTML.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/xhtml+xml
- [XHTMLMathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XHTMLMathML.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/xhtml+xml
- [XLS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XLS.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/vnd.ms-excel
- [XLSX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XLSX.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
- [XML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XML.en.md): MIME type: text/xml
- [XPORT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XPORT.en.md): MIME type: application/x-sas-xport
- [XYZ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/XYZ.en.md): MIME type: chemical/x-xyz
- [YAML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/YAML.en.md): MIME type: application/yaml, application/openapi+yaml
- [ZIP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ZIP.en.md): Registered MIME type: application/zip
- [ZPR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ZPR.en.md): ZPrint CAD format.
- [ZSTD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/ZSTD.en.md): MIME type: application/zstdZstandard (zstd) compression method and file format.

### frontendobject

- [AboutBoxDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/AboutBoxDialog.en.md): AboutBoxDialog is a front end token that opens a notebook containing information about the Wolfram System.
- [Above](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Above.en.md): Above is a front end token that creates an OverscriptBox and fills the base with a selection.
- [AddFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/AddFrame.en.md): AddFrame is a front end token that adds a frame around the current selection.
- [BackgroundDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/BackgroundDialog.en.md): BackgroundDialog is a front end token that opens the Color dialog to set the background color for selected cells or text.
- [Balance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Balance.en.md): Balance is a front end token that expands the selection to cover the nearest pair of matched bracketing characters.
- [Below](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Below.en.md): Below is a front end token that creates an UnderscriptBox and fills the base with a selection.
- [CellContextDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellContextDialog.en.md): CellContextDialog is a front end token that opens the Cell Context dialog.
- [CellGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellGroup.en.md): CellGroup is a front end token that groups selected cells.
- [CellLabelsToTags](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellLabelsToTags.en.md): CellLabelsToTags is a front end token that gives a selected cell a cell tag that is the same as its current input or output prompt.
- [CellMerge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellMerge.en.md): CellMerge is a front end token that merges the selected cells into one cell.
- [CellSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellSplit.en.md): CellSplit is a front end token that splits a cell into two or three cells.
- [CellTagsEditDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellTagsEditDialog.en.md): CellTagsEditDialog is a front end token that opens the Edit Cell Tags dialog.
- [CellUngroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CellUngroup.en.md): CellUngroup is a front end token that ungroups selected cells.
- [ClearCellOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ClearCellOptions.en.md): ClearCellOptions is a front end token that removes all explicit option settings for a cell.
- [Clear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Clear.en.md): Clear is a front end token that deletes a selection without copying it to the clipboard.
- [Close](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Close.en.md): Close is a front end token that closes the input notebook.
- [CompleteSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CompleteSelection.en.md): CompleteSelection is a front end token that opens a popup menu to complete a partially typed word.
- [Copy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Copy.en.md): Copy is a front end token that copies a selection to the clipboard without deleting it from the document.
- [CreateInlineCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/CreateInlineCell.en.md): CreateInlineCell is a front end token that creates a new inline cell.
- [Cut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Cut.en.md): Cut is a front end token that deletes the current selection and copies it to the clipboard.
- [DebuggerContinue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DebuggerContinue.en.md): DebuggerContinue is a front end token that continues an interrupted evaluation until it reaches the next breakpoint.
- [DebuggerFinish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DebuggerFinish.en.md): DebuggerFinish is a front end token that makes the debugger ignore all breakpoints and finish the evaluation.
- [DebuggerStep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DebuggerStep.en.md): DebuggerStep is a front end token that stops the evaluation at the beginning of the next expression.
- [DebuggerStepIn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DebuggerStepIn.en.md): DebuggerStepIn is a front end token that stops the evaluation at the next possible stopping point.
- [DebuggerStepOut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DebuggerStepOut.en.md): DebuggerStepOut is a front end token that stops the evaluation at the end of the current stack frame.
- [DebuggerToggleBreakpoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DebuggerToggleBreakpoint.en.md): DebuggerToggleBreakpoint is a front end token that converts all messages generated during the evaluation into breakpoints.
- [DeleteGeneratedCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DeleteGeneratedCells.en.md): DeleteGeneratedCells is a front end token that deletes all cells in the notebook that have been produced as output by the kernel.
- [DeleteNext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DeleteNext.en.md): DeleteNext is a front end token that deletes the character to the right of the insertion point.
- [DeleteNextWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DeleteNextWord.en.md): DeleteNextWord is a front end token that deletes the word to the right of the insertion point.
- [DeletePrevious](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DeletePrevious.en.md): DeletePrevious is a front end token that deletes the character to the left of the insertion point.
- [DeletePreviousWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DeletePreviousWord.en.md): DeletePreviousWord is a front end token that deletes the word to the left of the insertion point.
- [DuplicatePreviousInput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DuplicatePreviousInput.en.md): DuplicatePreviousInput is a front end token that duplicates the contents of the nearest input cell above.
- [DuplicatePreviousOutput](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/DuplicatePreviousOutput.en.md): DuplicatePreviousOutput is a front end token that duplicates the contents of the nearest output cell above.
- [EditStyleDefinitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EditStyleDefinitions.en.md): EditStyleDefinitions is a front end token that opens the Style Definitions dialog.
- [EvaluateCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EvaluateCells.en.md): EvaluateCells is a front end token that sends the selected cells to the kernel for evaluation.
- [Evaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Evaluate.en.md): Evaluate is a front end token that evaluates the selection in place.
- [EvaluateInitialization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EvaluateInitialization.en.md): EvaluateInitialization is a front end token that evaluates all the initialization cells in a notebook.
- [EvaluatorAbort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EvaluatorAbort.en.md): EvaluatorAbort is a front end token that aborts the kernel operation in the specified kernel.
- [EvaluatorHalt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EvaluatorHalt.en.md): EvaluatorHalt is a front end token that interrupts the current evaluation and displays the evaluation stack.
- [EvaluatorQuit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EvaluatorQuit.en.md): EvaluatorQuit is a front end token that terminates the specified kernel.
- [EvaluatorStart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/EvaluatorStart.en.md): EvaluatorStart is a front end token that starts the specified kernel.
- [ExpandSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ExpandSelection.en.md): ExpandSelection is a front end token that selects the next smallest subexpression containing a selection.
- [ExplainBeepDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ExplainBeepDialog.en.md): ExplainBeepDialog is a front end token that opens the Why the Beep? dialog with an explanation of why the front end produced a beep.
- [ExplainColoringDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ExplainColoringDialog.en.md): ExplainColoringDialog is a front end token that brings up the Why the Coloring? dialog with an explanation of the syntax coloring in the selection.
- [FileNameDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FileNameDialog.en.md): FileNameDialog is a front end token that opens a dialog for inserting a file path.
- [FindDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FindDialog.en.md): FindDialog is a front end token that selects the next occurrence of the text contained in the Search for: field of the Find dialog.
- [FindEvaluatingCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FindEvaluatingCell.en.md): FindEvaluatingCell is a front end token that finds the currently evaluating cell.
- [FindNextMisspelling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FindNextMisspelling.en.md): FindNextMisspelling is a front end token that selects the next misspelled word and opens the Check Spelling dialog.
- [FindNextWarningColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FindNextWarningColor.en.md): FindNextWarningColor is a front end token that selects the next warning message.
- [FontColorDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FontColorDialog.en.md): FontColorDialog is a front end token that opens the Color dialog to set the color for selected text.
- [FontPanel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FontPanel.en.md): FontPanel is a front end token that opens the Font dialog.
- [FontSizeDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FontSizeDialog.en.md): FontSizeDialog is a front end token that opens the Font Size dialog.
- [Fraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Fraction.en.md): Fraction is a front end token that creates a FractionBox and fills the numerator with a selection.
- [FrontEndQuit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/FrontEndQuit.en.md): FrontEndQuit is a front end token that causes the front end to quit.
- [HeadersFootersDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/HeadersFootersDialog.en.md): HeadersFootersDialog is a front end token that opens the Headers/Footers dialog.
- [Import](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Import.en.md): Import is a front end token that opens the Insert File dialog.
- [ImportPictures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ImportPictures.en.md): ImportPictures is a front end token that opens the Insert Picture dialog.
- [InsertMatchingBraces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/InsertMatchingBraces.en.md): InsertMatchingBraces is a front end token that inserts a pair of matched braces at the insertion point.
- [InsertMatchingBrackets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/InsertMatchingBrackets.en.md): InsertMatchingBrackets is a front end token that inserts a pair of matched brackets at the insertion point.
- [InsertMatchingParentheses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/InsertMatchingParentheses.en.md): InsertMatchingParentheses is a front end token that inserts a pair of matched parentheses at the insertion point.
- [Install](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Install.en.md): Install is a front end token that opens the Install dialog box to install a palette, .mx file, WSTP program, package, or stylesheet.
- [MakeSelectionNotSpan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MakeSelectionNotSpan.en.md): MakeSelectionNotSpan is a front end token that makes the selection not span a matrix.
- [MakeSelectionSpan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MakeSelectionSpan.en.md): MakeSelectionSpan is a front end token that makes the selection span a matrix.
- [ModifyEvaluatorNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ModifyEvaluatorNames.en.md): ModifyEvaluatorNames is a front end token that opens the Kernel Configuration Options dialog box.
- [MoveExpressionEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveExpressionEnd.en.md): MoveExpressionEnd is a front end token that ends the most recent subexpression.
- [MoveLineBeginning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveLineBeginning.en.md): MoveLineBeginning is a front end token that moves the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
- [MoveLineEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveLineEnd.en.md): MoveLineEnd is a front end token that moves the insertion point to the end of the current line.
- [MoveNextCell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveNextCell.en.md): MoveNextCell is a front end token that moves the insertion point down by one cell.
- [MoveNext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveNext.en.md): MoveNext is a front end token that moves the insertion point right by one character.
- [MoveNextLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveNextLine.en.md): MoveNextLine is a front end token that moves the insertion point down by one line.
- [MoveNextWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveNextWord.en.md): MoveNextWord is a front end token that moves the insertion point right by one word.
- [MovePrevious](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MovePrevious.en.md): MovePrevious is a front end token that moves the insertion point left by one character.
- [MovePreviousLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MovePreviousLine.en.md): MovePreviousLine is a front end token that moves the insertion point up by one line.
- [MovePreviousWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MovePreviousWord.en.md): MovePreviousWord is a front end token that moves the insertion point left by one word.
- [MoveToBack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveToBack.en.md): MoveToBack is a front end token that moves selected graphics to the back of the display.
- [MoveToFront](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/MoveToFront.en.md): MoveToFront is a front end token that moves selected graphics to the front of the display.
- [NewColumn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NewColumn.en.md): NewColumn is a front end token that adds a new column after the insertion point.
- [NewRow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NewRow.en.md): NewRow is a front end token that adds a new row after the insertion point.
- [NotebookStatisticsDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NotebookStatisticsDialog.en.md): NotebookStatisticsDialog is a front end token that opens the Statistics dialog.
- [NudgeDown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NudgeDown.en.md): NudgeDown is a front end token that adds or modifies an AdjustmentBox to shift an expression one point down.
- [NudgeLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NudgeLeft.en.md): NudgeLeft is a front end token that adds or modifies an AdjustmentBox to shift an expression one point to the left.
- [NudgeRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NudgeRight.en.md): NudgeRight is a front end token that adds or modifies an AdjustmentBox to shift an expression one point right.
- [NudgeUp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/NudgeUp.en.md): NudgeUp is a front end token that adds or modifies an AdjustmentBox to shift an expression one point up.
- [OpenCloseGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/OpenCloseGroup.en.md): OpenCloseGroup is a front end token that opens selected groups if they are closed or closes selected groups if they are open.
- [Open](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Open.en.md): Open is a front end token that opens a dialog to select and open an existing file.
- [OptionsDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/OptionsDialog.en.md): OptionsDialog is a front end token that opens the Option Inspector.
- [Otherscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Otherscript.en.md): Otherscript is a front end token that moves the selection to the other script position.
- [Paste](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Paste.en.md): Paste is a front end token that pastes the current contents of the clipboard at the insertion point.
- [PasteSpecial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/PasteSpecial.en.md): PasteSpecial is a front end token that pastes the clipboard contents in plain text format at the insertion point.
- [PlainFont](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/PlainFont.en.md): PlainFont is a front end token that removes any FontWeight, FontSlant, FontTracking, or FontVariations option settings from a selection.
- [PreferencesDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/PreferencesDialog.en.md): PreferencesDialog is a front end token that opens the Preferences dialog to view and edit preferences, options, and system settings.
- [PrintDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/PrintDialog.en.md): PrintDialog is a front end token that opens the Print dialog to print the input notebook.
- [PrintOptionsDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/PrintOptionsDialog.en.md): PrintOptionsDialog is a front end token that opens the Printing Options dialog.
- [Radical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Radical.en.md): Radical is a front end token that creates a SqrtBox and fills the base with a selection.
- [RemoveAdjustments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/RemoveAdjustments.en.md): RemoveAdjustments is a front end token that removes all occurrences of AdjustmentBox in the selected Otherscript expression.
- [RemoveFromEvaluationQueue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/RemoveFromEvaluationQueue.en.md): RemoveFromEvaluationQueue is a front end token that cancels the pending evaluation of a selected cell.
- [Revert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Revert.en.md): Revert is a front end token that reverts the current notebook to its most recent saved version.
- [Save](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Save.en.md): Save is a front end token saves the current notebook.
- [SaveRename](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SaveRename.en.md): SaveRename is a front end token that opens the Save As dialog box to save a file.
- [SelectAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectAll.en.md): SelectAll is a front end token that selects all the cells in the current notebook.
- [SelectionCloseAllGroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectionCloseAllGroups.en.md): SelectionCloseAllGroups is a front end token that closes all groups and subgroups within the selection.
- [SelectionCloseUnselectedCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectionCloseUnselectedCells.en.md): SelectionCloseUnselectedCells is a front end token that closes all unselected cells within a cell group.
- [SelectionHelpDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectionHelpDialog.en.md): SelectionHelpDialog is a front end token that opens the Documentation Center.
- [SelectionOpenAllGroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectionOpenAllGroups.en.md): SelectionOpenAllGroups is a front end token that opens all groups and subgroups within the selection.
- [SelectionSetFind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectionSetFind.en.md): SelectionSetFind is a front end token that places the selected string into the Search for: field of the Find dialog.
- [SelectTerminalWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SelectTerminalWindow.en.md): SelectTerminalWindow is a front end token that opens a terminal window to the machine specified by a kernel name.
- [ShowPageBreaks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ShowPageBreaks.en.md): ShowPageBreaks is a front end token that displays page breaks on screen as they would be printed.
- [SimilarCellBelow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SimilarCellBelow.en.md): SimilarCellBelow is a front end token that creates a new cell of the same style below the current cell.
- [StackWindows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/StackWindows.en.md): StackWindows is a front end token that arranges windows in a uniform overlapping stack on the screen.
- [StyleDefinitionsOther](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/StyleDefinitionsOther.en.md): StyleDefinitionsOther is a front end token that opens the Choose Stylesheet dialog.
- [StyleOther](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/StyleOther.en.md): StyleOther is a front end token that opens the Custom Style dialog.
- [Subscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Subscript.en.md): Subscript is a front end token that creates a SubscriptBox and fills the base with a selection.
- [SubsessionEvaluateCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SubsessionEvaluateCells.en.md): SubsessionEvaluateCells is a front end token that evaluates the selected cells in a kernel subsession.
- [Superscript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Superscript.en.md): Superscript is a front end token that creates a SuperscriptBox and fills the base with a selection.
- [SystemPrintOptionsDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/SystemPrintOptionsDialog.en.md): SystemPrintOptionsDialog is a front end token that opens the Page Setup dialog.
- [TemplateSelection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/TemplateSelection.en.md): TemplateSelection is a front end token that inserts a function template to the right of the insertion point.
- [TileWindowsTall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/TileWindowsTall.en.md): TileWindowsTall is a front end token that arranges all windows to fit on the screen, preferring height over width.
- [TileWindowsWide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/TileWindowsWide.en.md): TileWindowsWide is a front end token that arranges all windows to fit on the screen, preferring width over height.
- [ToggleDynamicUpdating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ToggleDynamicUpdating.en.md): ToggleDynamicUpdating is a front end token that toggles automatic refreshing of a Dynamic.
- [ToggleShowExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/ToggleShowExpression.en.md): ToggleShowExpression is a front end token that toggles between the Cell expression form and display form of a cell.
- [TrustNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/TrustNotebook.en.md): TrustNotebook is a front end token that opens the Dynamic Content Warning dialog.
- [Undo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/frontendobject/Undo.en.md): Undo is a front end token that undoes the most recent action.

### incrementalobject

- [FoldList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/FoldList.en.md): FoldList (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, FoldList, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f691bb8a-03e2-4af4-9333-0c5c0378cc53], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, RowBox[{StyleBox[f, TI], ,, StyleBox[init, TI], ,, RowBox[{{, RowBox[{SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[1, TR]], ,, SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[2, TR]], ,, ...}], }}]}], ]}]], ...
- [Identity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Identity.en.md): Identity (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Identity, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f691bb8a-03e2-4af4-9333-0c5c0378cc53], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, RowBox[{{, RowBox[{SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[1, TR]], ,, SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[2, TR]], ,, ...}], }}], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> ...
- [Map](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Map.en.md): Map (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Map, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f691bb8a-03e2-4af4-9333-0c5c0378cc53], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, RowBox[{RowBox[{{, RowBox[{SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[1, TR]], ,, SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[2, TR]], ,, ...}], }}], ,, StyleBox[f, TI]}], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> ...
- [Permutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Permutations.en.md): Permutations (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Permutations, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f691bb8a-03e2-4af4-9333-0c5c0378cc53], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, StyleBox[list, TI], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> 44340de0-54d5-4adc-9104-6e8d8940eadb], creates an object that incrementally returns values that are permutations of , ...
- [Range](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Range.en.md): Range (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Range, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f691bb8a-03e2-4af4-9333-0c5c0378cc53], [, Cell[BoxData[SubscriptBox[StyleBox[i, TI], StyleBox[max, TI]]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> ff4cc7a7-bf66-4ed7-973d-b47cbb6dab03], ] creates an object that incrementally returns the values , Cell[BoxData[1], InlineFormula, ...
- [Select](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Select.en.md): Select (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Select, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> fc80ee52-1a06-4990-9cfa-9311fb668271], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, RowBox[{RowBox[{{, RowBox[{SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[1, TR]], ,, SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[2, TR]], ,, ...}], }}], ,, StyleBox[crit, TI]}], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> ...
- [Subsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Subsets.en.md): Subsets (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Subsets, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> cfd0afd1-c2e6-4a14-aaa3-122df2c50f7c], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, StyleBox[list, TI], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f8a02973-6dab-497e-971f-01c60e19d91d], creates an object that incrementally returns values that are subsets of , Cell[BoxData[StyleBox[list, ...
- [Take](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Take.en.md): Take (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Take, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f691bb8a-03e2-4af4-9333-0c5c0378cc53], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, RowBox[{RowBox[{{, RowBox[{SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[1, TR]], ,, SubscriptBox[StyleBox[e, TI], StyleBox[2, TR]], ,, ...}], }}], ,, StyleBox[n, TI]}], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> ...
- [Tuples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/incrementalobject/Tuples.en.md): Tuples (Incremental Object)GridBox[{{, Cell[TextData[{Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{ButtonBox[IncrementalObject, BaseStyle -> Link, ButtonData -> paclet:ref/IncrementalObject], [, Tuples, ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> cfd0afd1-c2e6-4a14-aaa3-122df2c50f7c], Cell[BoxData[RowBox[{[, StyleBox[RowBox[{list, ,, n}], TI], ]}]], InlineFormula, ExpressionUUID -> f8a02973-6dab-497e-971f-01c60e19d91d], creates an object that incrementally returns values that are , Cell[BoxData[StyleBox[n, ...

### indicator

- [AbsolutePriceOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AbsolutePriceOscillator.en.md): AbsolutePriceOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [AccelerationBands](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AccelerationBands.en.md): AccelerationBands (Financial Indicator)
- [AccumulationDistributionLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AccumulationDistributionLine.en.md): AccumulationDistributionLine (Financial Indicator)
- [AccumulativeSwingIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AccumulativeSwingIndex.en.md): AccumulativeSwingIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [Aroon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Aroon.en.md): Aroon (Financial Indicator)
- [AroonOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AroonOscillator.en.md): AroonOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [AverageDirectionalMovementIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AverageDirectionalMovementIndex.en.md): AverageDirectionalMovementIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [AverageDirectionalMovementIndexRating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AverageDirectionalMovementIndexRating.en.md): AverageDirectionalMovementIndexRating (Financial Indicator)
- [AverageTrueRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/AverageTrueRange.en.md): AverageTrueRange (Financial Indicator)
- [BollingerBands](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/BollingerBands.en.md): BollingerBands (Financial Indicator)
- [ChaikinMoneyFlow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ChaikinMoneyFlow.en.md): ChaikinMoneyFlow (Financial Indicator)
- [ChaikinOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ChaikinOscillator.en.md): ChaikinOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [ChaikinVolatility](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ChaikinVolatility.en.md): ChaikinVolatility (Financial Indicator)
- [ChandeMomentumOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ChandeMomentumOscillator.en.md): ChandeMomentumOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [Close](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Close.en.md): Close (Financial Indicator)
- [CloseLocationValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/CloseLocationValue.en.md): CloseLocationValue (Financial Indicator)
- [CloseLocationValueVolume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/CloseLocationValueVolume.en.md): CloseLocationValueVolume (Financial Indicator)
- [CommodityChannelIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/CommodityChannelIndex.en.md): CommodityChannelIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [CommoditySelectionIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/CommoditySelectionIndex.en.md): CommoditySelectionIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [DemandIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/DemandIndex.en.md): DemandIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [DetrendedPriceOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/DetrendedPriceOscillator.en.md): DetrendedPriceOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [DirectionalMovement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/DirectionalMovement.en.md): DirectionalMovement (Financial Indicator)
- [DoubleExponentialMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/DoubleExponentialMovingAverage.en.md): DoubleExponentialMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [DynamicMomentumIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/DynamicMomentumIndex.en.md): DynamicMomentumIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [EaseOfMovement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/EaseOfMovement.en.md): EaseOfMovement (Financial Indicator)
- [ExponentialMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ExponentialMovingAverage.en.md): ExponentialMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [FastStochastic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/FastStochastic.en.md): FastStochastic (Financial Indicator)
- [ForceIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ForceIndex.en.md): ForceIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [ForecastOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ForecastOscillator.en.md): ForecastOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [FullStochastic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/FullStochastic.en.md): FullStochastic (Financial Indicator)
- [High](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/High.en.md): High (Financial Indicator)
- [HighestHigh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/HighestHigh.en.md): HighestHigh (Financial Indicator)
- [Inertia](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Inertia.en.md): Inertia (Financial Indicator)
- [IntradayMomentumIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/IntradayMomentumIndex.en.md): IntradayMomentumIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [KeltnerChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/KeltnerChannels.en.md): KeltnerChannels (Financial Indicator)
- [KlingerOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/KlingerOscillator.en.md): KlingerOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [LinearRegressionIndicator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/LinearRegressionIndicator.en.md): LinearRegressionIndicator (Financial Indicator)
- [LinearRegressionSlope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/LinearRegressionSlope.en.md): LinearRegressionSlope (Financial Indicator)
- [LinearRegressionTrendlines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/LinearRegressionTrendlines.en.md): LinearRegressionTrendlines (Financial Indicator)
- [Low](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Low.en.md): Low (Financial Indicator)
- [LowestLow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/LowestLow.en.md): LowestLow (Financial Indicator)
- [MarketFacilitation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MarketFacilitation.en.md): MarketFacilitation (Financial Indicator)
- [MassIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MassIndex.en.md): MassIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [MedianPrice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MedianPrice.en.md): MedianPrice (Financial Indicator)
- [MESAPhase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MESAPhase.en.md): MESAPhase (Financial Indicator)
- [MESASineWave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MESASineWave.en.md): MESASineWave (Financial Indicator)
- [Momentum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Momentum.en.md): Momentum (Financial Indicator)
- [MoneyFlowIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MoneyFlowIndex.en.md): MoneyFlowIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence.en.md): MovingAverageConvergenceDivergence (Financial Indicator)
- [MovingAverageEnvelopes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/MovingAverageEnvelopes.en.md): MovingAverageEnvelopes (Financial Indicator)
- [NegativeVolumeIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/NegativeVolumeIndex.en.md): NegativeVolumeIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [OnBalanceVolume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/OnBalanceVolume.en.md): OnBalanceVolume (Financial Indicator)
- [Open](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Open.en.md): Open (Financial Indicator)
- [ParabolicStopAndReversal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ParabolicStopAndReversal.en.md): ParabolicStopAndReversal (Financial Indicator)
- [PercentagePriceOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/PercentagePriceOscillator.en.md): PercentagePriceOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [PercentageVolumeOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/PercentageVolumeOscillator.en.md): PercentageVolumeOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [Performance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Performance.en.md): Performance (Financial Indicator)
- [PolarizedFractalEfficiency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/PolarizedFractalEfficiency.en.md): PolarizedFractalEfficiency (Financial Indicator)
- [PositiveVolumeIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/PositiveVolumeIndex.en.md): PositiveVolumeIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [PriceChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/PriceChannels.en.md): PriceChannels (Financial Indicator)
- [PriceVolumeTrend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/PriceVolumeTrend.en.md): PriceVolumeTrend (Financial Indicator)
- [ProjectionBands](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ProjectionBands.en.md): ProjectionBands (Financial Indicator)
- [ProjectionOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/ProjectionOscillator.en.md): ProjectionOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [QStick](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/QStick.en.md): QStick (Financial Indicator)
- [RaffRegressionChannel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RaffRegressionChannel.en.md): RaffRegressionChannel (Financial Indicator)
- [RandomWalkIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RandomWalkIndex.en.md): RandomWalkIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [RangeIndicator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RangeIndicator.en.md): RangeIndicator (Financial Indicator)
- [RateOfChange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RateOfChange.en.md): RateOfChange (Financial Indicator)
- [RelativeMomentumIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RelativeMomentumIndex.en.md): RelativeMomentumIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [RelativeStrengthIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RelativeStrengthIndex.en.md): RelativeStrengthIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [RelativeVolatilityIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RelativeVolatilityIndex.en.md): RelativeVolatilityIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [RSquared](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/RSquared.en.md): RSquared (Financial Indicator)
- [SimpleMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/SimpleMovingAverage.en.md): SimpleMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [SlowStochastic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/SlowStochastic.en.md): SlowStochastic (Financial Indicator)
- [StandardDeviationChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/StandardDeviationChannels.en.md): StandardDeviationChannels (Financial Indicator)
- [StandardDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/StandardDeviation.en.md): StandardDeviation (Financial Indicator)
- [StandardErrorBands](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/StandardErrorBands.en.md): StandardErrorBands (Financial Indicator)
- [StandardError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/StandardError.en.md): StandardError (Financial Indicator)
- [StochasticMomentumIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/StochasticMomentumIndex.en.md): StochasticMomentumIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [SwingIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/SwingIndex.en.md): SwingIndex (Financial Indicator)
- [TimeSegmentedVolume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TimeSegmentedVolume.en.md): TimeSegmentedVolume (Financial Indicator)
- [TimeSeriesForecast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TimeSeriesForecast.en.md): TimeSeriesForecast (Financial Indicator)
- [TriangularMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TriangularMovingAverage.en.md): TriangularMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [TripleExponentialMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TripleExponentialMovingAverage.en.md): TripleExponentialMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [TRIX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TRIX.en.md): TRIX (Financial Indicator)
- [TrueRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TrueRange.en.md): TrueRange (Financial Indicator)
- [TypicalPrice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/TypicalPrice.en.md): TypicalPrice (Financial Indicator)
- [UltimateOscillator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/UltimateOscillator.en.md): UltimateOscillator (Financial Indicator)
- [VariableMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/VariableMovingAverage.en.md): VariableMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [VerticalHorizontalFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/VerticalHorizontalFilter.en.md): VerticalHorizontalFilter (Financial Indicator)
- [VolatilitySystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/VolatilitySystem.en.md): VolatilitySystem (Financial Indicator)
- [Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/Volume.en.md): Volume (Financial Indicator)
- [VolumeRateOfChange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/VolumeRateOfChange.en.md): VolumeRateOfChange (Financial Indicator)
- [WeightedClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/WeightedClose.en.md): WeightedClose (Financial Indicator)
- [WeightedMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/WeightedMovingAverage.en.md): WeightedMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [WildersMovingAverage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/WildersMovingAverage.en.md): WildersMovingAverage (Financial Indicator)
- [WilliamsAccumulationDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/WilliamsAccumulationDistribution.en.md): WilliamsAccumulationDistribution (Financial Indicator)
- [WilliamsPercentR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/indicator/WilliamsPercentR.en.md): WilliamsPercentR (Financial Indicator)

### interpreter

- [AdministrativeDivisionClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AdministrativeDivisionClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of administrative divisions.
- [AdministrativeDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AdministrativeDivision.en.md): Natural-language name of an administrative division.
- [Age](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Age.en.md): Age expressed in natural language.
- [AircraftClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AircraftClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of aircraft.
- [Aircraft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Aircraft.en.md): Natural-language name of an aircraft.
- [Airline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Airline.en.md): Natural-language name of an airline.
- [Airport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Airport.en.md): Natural-language name of an airport.
- [Alphabet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Alphabet.en.md): Natural-language name of an alphabet.
- [Amphibian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Amphibian.en.md): Natural-language name of an amphibian.
- [AmusementPark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AmusementPark.en.md): Natural-language name of an amusement park.
- [AmusementParkRide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AmusementParkRide.en.md): Natural-language name of an amusement park ride.
- [AnatomicalFunctionalConcept](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AnatomicalFunctionalConcept.en.md): Natural-language name of an anatomical functional concept.
- [AnatomicalStructureClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AnatomicalStructureClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of anatomical structures.
- [AnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AnatomicalStructure.en.md): Natural-language name of an anatomical structure.
- [AnimalAnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AnimalAnatomicalStructure.en.md): Natural-language name of an animal anatomical structure.
- [Animal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Animal.en.md): Natural-language name of an animal.
- [Arachnid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Arachnid.en.md): Natural-language name of an arachnid.
- [Artwork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Artwork.en.md): Natural-language name of an artwork.
- [AstronomicalObjectClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AstronomicalObjectClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of astronomical objects.
- [AstronomicalObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AstronomicalObject.en.md): Natural-language name of an astronomical object.
- [AstronomicalObservatory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AstronomicalObservatory.en.md): Natural-language name of an astronomical observatory.
- [AstronomicalRadioSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AstronomicalRadioSource.en.md): Natural-language name of an astronomical radio source.
- [AtmosphericLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/AtmosphericLayer.en.md): Natural-language name of an atmospheric layer.
- [Barcode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Barcode.en.md): Barcode in a standard format.
- [BatteryType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BatteryType.en.md): Natural-language name of a battery type.
- [Beach](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Beach.en.md): Natural-language name of a beach.
- [BioSequenceType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BioSequenceType.en.md): Natural-language name of a biomolecular sequence type.
- [Bird](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Bird.en.md): Natural-language name of a bird.
- [BlackHoleClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BlackHoleClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of black holes.
- [BlackHole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BlackHole.en.md): Natural-language name of a black hole.
- [BoardGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BoardGame.en.md): Natural-language name of a board game.
- [BookClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BookClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of books.
- [Book](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Book.en.md): A book expressed in natural language.
- [Boolean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Boolean.en.md): Boolean value in a standard format.
- [Bridge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Bridge.en.md): Natural-language name of a bridge.
- [BroadcastStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/BroadcastStation.en.md): Natural-language name of a broadcast station.
- [Building](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Building.en.md): Natural-language name of a building.
- [CachedFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CachedFile.en.md): A file to be copied in a local directory.
- [Canal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Canal.en.md): Natural-language name of a canal.
- [Castle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Castle.en.md): Natural-language name of a castle.
- [CatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CatBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a cat breed.
- [CattleBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CattleBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of cattle breeds.
- [CattleBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CattleBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a cattle breed.
- [Cave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Cave.en.md): Natural-language name of a cave.
- [CellType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CellType.en.md): Natural-language name of a cell type.
- [Cemetery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Cemetery.en.md): Natural-language name of a cemetery.
- [Character](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Character.en.md): A character from any standard set, expressed in natural language.
- [ChemicalClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ChemicalClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of chemicals.
- [Chemical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Chemical.en.md): Natural-language name of a chemical.
- [City](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/City.en.md): Natural-language name of a city.
- [Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Cloud.en.md): Natural-language name of a cloud.
- [CognitiveTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CognitiveTask.en.md): Natural-language name of a cognitive task.
- [Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Color.en.md): Natural-language name of a color.
- [ColorSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ColorSet.en.md): Natural-language name of a set of colors.
- [CometClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CometClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of comets.
- [Comet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Comet.en.md): Natural-language name of a comet.
- [Company](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Company.en.md): Natural-language name of a company.
- [ComplexNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComplexNumber.en.md): Complex number in a standard format.
- [ComputedAdministrativeDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAdministrativeDivision.en.md): An administrative division derived by computation.
- [ComputedAge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAge.en.md): An age derived by computation.
- [ComputedAircraft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAircraft.en.md): An aircraft derived by computation.
- [ComputedAirline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAirline.en.md): An airline derived by computation.
- [ComputedAirport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAirport.en.md): An airport derived by computation.
- [ComputedAlphabet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAlphabet.en.md): An alphabet derived by computation.
- [ComputedAmphibian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAmphibian.en.md): An amphibian derived by computation.
- [ComputedAmusementPark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAmusementPark.en.md): An amusement park derived by computation.
- [ComputedAmusementParkRide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAmusementParkRide.en.md): An amusement park ride derived by computation.
- [ComputedAnatomicalFunctionalConcept](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAnatomicalFunctionalConcept.en.md): An anatomical functional concept derived by computation.
- [ComputedAnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAnatomicalStructure.en.md): An anatomical structure derived by computation.
- [ComputedAnimalAnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAnimalAnatomicalStructure.en.md): An animal anatomical structure derived by computation.
- [ComputedAnimal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAnimal.en.md): An animal derived by computation.
- [ComputedArachnid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedArachnid.en.md): An arachnid derived by computation.
- [ComputedArtwork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedArtwork.en.md): An artwork derived by computation.
- [ComputedAstronomicalObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAstronomicalObject.en.md): An astronomical object derived by computation.
- [ComputedAstronomicalObservatory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAstronomicalObservatory.en.md): An astronomical observatory derived by computation.
- [ComputedAstronomicalRadioSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAstronomicalRadioSource.en.md): An astronomical radio source derived by computation.
- [ComputedAtmosphericLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedAtmosphericLayer.en.md): An atmospheric layer derived by computation.
- [ComputedBatteryType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBatteryType.en.md): A battery type derived by computation.
- [ComputedBeach](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBeach.en.md): A beach derived by computation.
- [ComputedBioSequenceType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBioSequenceType.en.md): A biomolecular sequence type derived by computation.
- [ComputedBird](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBird.en.md): A bird derived by computation.
- [ComputedBlackHole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBlackHole.en.md): A black hole derived by computation.
- [ComputedBoardGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBoardGame.en.md): A board game derived by computation.
- [ComputedBook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBook.en.md): A book derived by computation.
- [ComputedBridge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBridge.en.md): A bridge derived by computation.
- [ComputedBroadcastStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBroadcastStation.en.md): A broadcast station derived by computation.
- [ComputedBuilding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedBuilding.en.md): A building derived by computation.
- [ComputedCanal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCanal.en.md): A canal derived by computation.
- [ComputedCastle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCastle.en.md): A castle derived by computation.
- [ComputedCatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCatBreed.en.md): A cat breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedCattleBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCattleBreed.en.md): A cattle breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedCave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCave.en.md): A cave derived by computation.
- [ComputedCellType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCellType.en.md): A cell type derived by computation.
- [ComputedCemetery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCemetery.en.md): A cemetery derived by computation.
- [ComputedCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCharacter.en.md): A character derived by computation.
- [ComputedChemical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedChemical.en.md): A chemical derived by computation.
- [ComputedCity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCity.en.md): A city derived by computation.
- [ComputedCloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCloud.en.md): A cloud derived by computation.
- [ComputedCognitiveTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCognitiveTask.en.md): A cognitive task derived by computation.
- [ComputedColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedColor.en.md): A color derived by computation.
- [ComputedColorSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedColorSet.en.md): A set of colors derived by computation.
- [ComputedComet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedComet.en.md): A comet derived by computation.
- [ComputedCompany](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCompany.en.md): A company derived by computation.
- [ComputedComplexNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedComplexNumber.en.md): A complex number derived by computation.
- [ComputedConstellation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedConstellation.en.md): A constellation derived by computation.
- [ComputedContinent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedContinent.en.md): A continent derived by computation.
- [ComputedCountry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCountry.en.md): A country derived by computation.
- [ComputedCrystalFamily](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCrystalFamily.en.md): A crystal family derived by computation.
- [ComputedCrystallographicSpaceGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCrystallographicSpaceGroup.en.md): A crystallographic space group derived by computation.
- [ComputedCrystalSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCrystalSystem.en.md): A crystal system derived by computation.
- [ComputedCultivatedPlant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCultivatedPlant.en.md): A cultivated plant derived by computation.
- [ComputedCurrencyAmount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCurrencyAmount.en.md): An amount of money derived by computation.
- [ComputedCurrencyDenomination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedCurrencyDenomination.en.md): A currency denomination derived by computation.
- [ComputedDam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDam.en.md): A dam derived by computation.
- [ComputedDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDate.en.md): A date derived by computation.
- [ComputedDateTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDateTime.en.md): Date with time derived by computation.
- [ComputedDeepSpaceProbe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDeepSpaceProbe.en.md): A deep space probe derived by computation.
- [ComputedDesert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDesert.en.md): A desert derived by computation.
- [ComputedDigimon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDigimon.en.md): A Digimon derived by computation.
- [ComputedDinosaur](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDinosaur.en.md): A dinosaur derived by computation.
- [ComputedDisease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDisease.en.md): A disease derived by computation.
- [ComputedDisplayFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDisplayFormat.en.md): A display format derived by computation.
- [ComputedDistrictCourt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDistrictCourt.en.md): A district court derived by computation.
- [ComputedDogBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDogBreed.en.md): A dog breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedDrug](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedDrug.en.md): A drug derived by computation.
- [ComputedEarthImpact](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedEarthImpact.en.md): An Earth impact crater derived by computation.
- [ComputedElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedElement.en.md): An element derived by computation.
- [ComputedExoplanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedExoplanet.en.md): An exoplanet derived by computation.
- [ComputedFamousChemistryProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFamousChemistryProblem.en.md): A chemistry problem derived by computation.
- [ComputedFamousGem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFamousGem.en.md): A gem derived by computation.
- [ComputedFamousMathGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFamousMathGame.en.md): A math game derived by computation.
- [ComputedFamousMathProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFamousMathProblem.en.md): A math problem derived by computation.
- [ComputedFamousPhysicsProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFamousPhysicsProblem.en.md): A physics problem derived by computation.
- [ComputedFictionalCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFictionalCharacter.en.md): A fictional character derived by computation.
- [ComputedFileFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFileFormat.en.md): A file format derived by computation.
- [ComputedFinancial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFinancial.en.md): A financial entity derived by computation.
- [ComputedFinancialIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFinancialIndex.en.md): A financial index derived by computation.
- [ComputedFiniteGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFiniteGroup.en.md): A finite group derived by computation.
- [ComputedFish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFish.en.md): A fish derived by computation.
- [ComputedFoodType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFoodType.en.md): A food type derived by computation.
- [ComputedForest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedForest.en.md): A forest derived by computation.
- [ComputedFrequencyAllocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedFrequencyAllocation.en.md): A frequency allocation range derived by computation.
- [ComputedGalaxy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGalaxy.en.md): A galaxy derived by computation.
- [ComputedGene](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGene.en.md): A gene derived by computation.
- [ComputedGeneticTranslationTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGeneticTranslationTable.en.md): A genetic translation table derived by computation.
- [ComputedGeographicRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGeographicRegion.en.md): A geographic region derived by computation.
- [ComputedGeologicalFormation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGeologicalFormation.en.md): A geological formation derived by computation.
- [ComputedGeologicalLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGeologicalLayer.en.md): A geological layer derived by computation.
- [ComputedGeologicalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGeologicalPeriod.en.md): A geological period derived by computation.
- [ComputedGivenName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGivenName.en.md): A given name derived by computation.
- [ComputedGlacier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGlacier.en.md): A glacier derived by computation.
- [ComputedGoatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGoatBreed.en.md): A goat breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedGrammaticalUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGrammaticalUnit.en.md): A grammatical unit derived by computation.
- [ComputedGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedGraph.en.md): A graph derived by computation.
- [ComputedHeuristicPercent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedHeuristicPercent.en.md): A percentage derived by computation.
- [ComputedHistoricalCountry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedHistoricalCountry.en.md): A historical country derived by computation.
- [ComputedHistoricalEvent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedHistoricalEvent.en.md): A historical event derived by computation.
- [ComputedHistoricalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedHistoricalPeriod.en.md): A historical period derived by computation.
- [ComputedHistoricalSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedHistoricalSite.en.md): A historic site derived by computation.
- [ComputedHorseBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedHorseBreed.en.md): A horse breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedICDNine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedICDNine.en.md): An ICD-9 code derived by computation.
- [ComputedICDTen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedICDTen.en.md): An ICD-10 code derived by computation.
- [ComputedInsect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedInsect.en.md): An insect derived by computation.
- [ComputedInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedInteger.en.md): An integer number derived by computation.
- [ComputedIntegerSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedIntegerSequence.en.md): An integer sequence derived by computation.
- [ComputedInternetDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedInternetDomain.en.md): An internet domain derived by computation.
- [ComputedIsland](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedIsland.en.md): An island derived by computation.
- [ComputedIsotope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedIsotope.en.md): An isotope derived by computation.
- [ComputedKnot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedKnot.en.md): A knot derived by computation.
- [ComputedLake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLake.en.md): A lake derived by computation.
- [ComputedLamina](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLamina.en.md): A lamina derived by computation.
- [ComputedLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLanguage.en.md): A language derived by computation.
- [ComputedLaser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLaser.en.md): A laser derived by computation.
- [ComputedLattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLattice.en.md): A lattice derived by computation.
- [ComputedLatticeSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLatticeSystem.en.md): A lattice system derived by computation.
- [ComputedLibraryBranch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLibraryBranch.en.md): A library branch derived by computation.
- [ComputedLibrarySystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLibrarySystem.en.md): A library system derived by computation.
- [ComputedLightColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLightColor.en.md): A light color derived by computation.
- [ComputedLocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLocation.en.md): A geographic location derived by computation.
- [ComputedLunarInteriorLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedLunarInteriorLayer.en.md): A lunar interior layer derived by computation.
- [ComputedMammal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMammal.en.md): A mammal derived by computation.
- [ComputedMannedSpaceMission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMannedSpaceMission.en.md): A manned space mission derived by computation.
- [ComputedMathWorld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMathWorld.en.md): A MathWorld topic derived by computation.
- [ComputedMeasurementDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMeasurementDevice.en.md): A measurement device derived by computation.
- [ComputedMedicalTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMedicalTest.en.md): A medical test derived by computation.
- [ComputedMeteorShower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMeteorShower.en.md): A meteor shower derived by computation.
- [ComputedMetropolitanArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMetropolitanArea.en.md): A metropolitan area derived by computation.
- [ComputedMine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMine.en.md): A mine derived by computation.
- [ComputedMineral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMineral.en.md): A mineral derived by computation.
- [ComputedMinorPlanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMinorPlanet.en.md): A minor planet derived by computation.
- [ComputedMountain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMountain.en.md): A mountain derived by computation.
- [ComputedMovie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMovie.en.md): A movie derived by computation.
- [ComputedMuseum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMuseum.en.md): A museum derived by computation.
- [ComputedMusicAct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMusicAct.en.md): A music act derived by computation.
- [ComputedMusicAlbum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMusicAlbum.en.md): A music album derived by computation.
- [ComputedMusicalInstrument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMusicalInstrument.en.md): A musical instrument derived by computation.
- [ComputedMusicWork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMusicWork.en.md): A music work derived by computation.
- [ComputedMythology](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedMythology.en.md): A mythological figure derived by computation.
- [ComputedNebula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNebula.en.md): A nebula derived by computation.
- [ComputedNeighborhood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNeighborhood.en.md): A neighborhood derived by computation.
- [ComputedNetworkService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNetworkService.en.md): A network service derived by computation.
- [ComputedNeuron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNeuron.en.md): A neuron derived by computation.
- [ComputedNotableComputer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNotableComputer.en.md): A computer derived by computation.
- [ComputedNuclearExplosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNuclearExplosion.en.md): A nuclear explosion derived by computation.
- [ComputedNuclearReactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNuclearReactor.en.md): A nuclear reactor derived by computation.
- [ComputedNuclearTestSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNuclearTestSite.en.md): A nuclear test site derived by computation.
- [ComputedNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedNumber.en.md): A number derived by computation.
- [ComputedOcean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedOcean.en.md): An ocean derived by computation.
- [ComputedOilField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedOilField.en.md): An oil field derived by computation.
- [ComputedPark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPark.en.md): A park derived by computation.
- [ComputedParticleAccelerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedParticleAccelerator.en.md): A particle accelerator derived by computation.
- [ComputedParticle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedParticle.en.md): A particle derived by computation.
- [ComputedPercent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPercent.en.md): A percentage derived by computation.
- [ComputedPercentFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPercentFraction.en.md): A percentage fraction derived by computation.
- [ComputedPeriodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPeriodical.en.md): A periodical derived by computation.
- [ComputedPerson](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPerson.en.md): A person derived by computation.
- [ComputedPersonTitle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPersonTitle.en.md): A title derived by computation.
- [ComputedPhysicalActivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPhysicalActivity.en.md): A physical activity derived by computation.
- [ComputedPhysicalSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPhysicalSystem.en.md): A physical system derived by computation.
- [ComputedPigBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPigBreed.en.md): A pig breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedPigeonBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPigeonBreed.en.md): A pigeon breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedPilatesExercise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPilatesExercise.en.md): A Pilates exercise derived by computation.
- [ComputedPlaneCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPlaneCurve.en.md): A plane curve derived by computation.
- [ComputedPlanetaryMoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPlanetaryMoon.en.md): A planetary moon derived by computation.
- [ComputedPlanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPlanet.en.md): A planet derived by computation.
- [ComputedPlant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPlant.en.md): A plant derived by computation.
- [ComputedPokemon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPokemon.en.md): A Pokémon derived by computation.
- [ComputedPolyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPolyhedron.en.md): A polyhedron derived by computation.
- [ComputedPopularCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPopularCurve.en.md): A popular curve derived by computation.
- [ComputedPoultryBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPoultryBreed.en.md): A poultry breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedPrivateSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPrivateSchool.en.md): A private school derived by computation.
- [ComputedProgrammingLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedProgrammingLanguage.en.md): A programming language derived by computation.
- [ComputedProtein](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedProtein.en.md): A protein derived by computation.
- [ComputedPublicSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPublicSchool.en.md): A public school derived by computation.
- [ComputedPulsar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedPulsar.en.md): A pulsar derived by computation.
- [ComputedQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedQuantity.en.md): Quantity derived by computation.
- [ComputedReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedReal.en.md): A real number derived by computation.
- [ComputedReef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedReef.en.md): A reef derived by computation.
- [ComputedReligion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedReligion.en.md): A religion derived by computation.
- [ComputedReptile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedReptile.en.md): A reptile derived by computation.
- [ComputedReserveLand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedReserveLand.en.md): A reserve land derived by computation.
- [ComputedRiver](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedRiver.en.md): A river derived by computation.
- [ComputedRocket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedRocket.en.md): A rocket derived by computation.
- [ComputedSatellite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSatellite.en.md): A satellite derived by computation.
- [ComputedSchoolDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSchoolDistrict.en.md): A school district derived by computation.
- [ComputedSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSchool.en.md): A school derived by computation.
- [ComputedSheepBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSheepBreed.en.md): A sheep breed derived by computation.
- [ComputedShip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedShip.en.md): A ship derived by computation.
- [ComputedShipwreck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedShipwreck.en.md): A shipwreck derived by computation.
- [ComputedSNP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSNP.en.md): An SNP derived by computation.
- [ComputedSolarSystemFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSolarSystemFeature.en.md): A solar system feature derived by computation.
- [ComputedSolid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSolid.en.md): A solid derived by computation.
- [ComputedSpaceCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSpaceCurve.en.md): A space curve derived by computation.
- [ComputedSpecies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSpecies.en.md): A species specification derived by computation.
- [ComputedSportObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSportObject.en.md): A sport object derived by computation.
- [ComputedStadium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedStadium.en.md): A stadium derived by computation.
- [ComputedStarCluster](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedStarCluster.en.md): A star cluster derived by computation.
- [ComputedStar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedStar.en.md): A star derived by computation.
- [ComputedSupernova](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSupernova.en.md): A supernova derived by computation.
- [ComputedSupernovaType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSupernovaType.en.md): A supernova type derived by computation.
- [ComputedSurface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSurface.en.md): A surface derived by computation.
- [ComputedSurname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedSurname.en.md): A surname derived by computation.
- [ComputedTaxonomicSpecies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTaxonomicSpecies.en.md): A taxonomic species specification derived by computation.
- [ComputedTickerSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTickerSymbol.en.md): A ticker symbol derived by computation.
- [ComputedTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTime.en.md): A time specification derived by computation.
- [ComputedTimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTimeZone.en.md): A time zone derived by computation.
- [ComputedTopLevelDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTopLevelDomain.en.md): A domain name derived by computation.
- [ComputedTropicalStorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTropicalStorm.en.md): A tropical storm derived by computation.
- [ComputedTunnel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedTunnel.en.md): A tunnel derived by computation.
- [ComputedUnderseaFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedUnderseaFeature.en.md): An undersea feature derived by computation.
- [ComputedUniversity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedUniversity.en.md): A university derived by computation.
- [ComputedUSCongressionalDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedUSCongressionalDistrict.en.md): A US congressional district derived by computation.
- [ComputedUSCounty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedUSCounty.en.md): A US county derived by computation.
- [ComputedUSState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedUSState.en.md): A US state derived by computation.
- [ComputedVolcano](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedVolcano.en.md): A volcano derived by computation.
- [ComputedWaterfall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedWaterfall.en.md): A waterfall derived by computation.
- [ComputedWeatherStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedWeatherStation.en.md): A weather station derived by computation.
- [ComputedWeightTrainingExercise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedWeightTrainingExercise.en.md): A weight-training exercise derived by computation.
- [ComputedWolframLanguageSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedWolframLanguageSymbol.en.md): A Wolfram Language symbol derived by computation.
- [ComputedWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedWord.en.md): An English word or phrase derived by computation.
- [ComputedWritingScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedWritingScript.en.md): A writing script derived by computation.
- [ComputedYogaPose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedYogaPose.en.md): A yoga pose derived by computation.
- [ComputedYogaPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedYogaPosition.en.md): A yoga position derived by computation.
- [ComputedYogaProp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedYogaProp.en.md): A yoga prop derived by computation.
- [ComputedYogaSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedYogaSequence.en.md): A yoga sequence derived by computation.
- [ComputedZIPCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedZIPCode.en.md): A ZIP code derived by computation.
- [ConstellationClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ConstellationClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of astronomical constellations.
- [Constellation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Constellation.en.md): Natural-language name of a constellation.
- [Continent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Continent.en.md): Natural-language name of a continent.
- [CountryClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CountryClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of countries.
- [Country](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Country.en.md): Natural-language name of a country.
- [CreditCardNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CreditCardNumber.en.md): A credit card number in a standard format.
- [CrystalFamily](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CrystalFamily.en.md): Natural-language name of a crystal family.
- [CrystallographicSpaceGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CrystallographicSpaceGroup.en.md): Natural-language name of a crystallographic space group.
- [CrystalSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CrystalSystem.en.md): Natural-language name of a crystal system.
- [CultivatedPlant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CultivatedPlant.en.md): Natural-language name of a cultivated plant.
- [CurrencyAmount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CurrencyAmount.en.md): Amount of money expressed in natural language.
- [CurrencyDenominationClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CurrencyDenominationClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of currency denominations.
- [CurrencyDenomination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CurrencyDenomination.en.md): Natural-language name of a currency denomination.
- [CurrencyName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/CurrencyName.en.md): Natural-language name of a currency name.
- [Dam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Dam.en.md): Natural-language name of a dam.
- [Date](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Date.en.md): Date in any standard format or in natural language.
- [DateTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DateTime.en.md): Date with time in any standard format or in natural language.
- [DayOfWeek](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DayOfWeek.en.md): A day of the week in a standard format.
- [DeepSpaceProbeClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DeepSpaceProbeClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of deep space probes.
- [DeepSpaceProbe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DeepSpaceProbe.en.md): Natural-language name of a deep space probe.
- [Desert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Desert.en.md): Natural-language name of a desert.
- [DigimonClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DigimonClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of Digimon.
- [Digimon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Digimon.en.md): Natural-language name of a Digimon.
- [Digit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Digit.en.md): Digit in a standard format.
- [Dinosaur](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Dinosaur.en.md): Natural-language name of a dinosaur.
- [Disease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Disease.en.md): Natural-language name of a disease.
- [DisplayFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DisplayFormat.en.md): Natural-language name of a display format.
- [DistrictCourtClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DistrictCourtClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of district courts.
- [DistrictCourt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DistrictCourt.en.md): Natural-language name of a district court.
- [DogBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DogBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of dog breeds.
- [DogBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/DogBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a dog breed.
- [Drug](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Drug.en.md): Natural-language name of a drug.
- [EarthImpact](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/EarthImpact.en.md): Natural-language name of an Earth impact crater.
- [ElementClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ElementClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of elements.
- [Element](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Element.en.md): Natural-language name of an element.
- [EmailAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/EmailAddress.en.md): A valid email address.
- [Entity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Entity.en.md): Natural-language name of an entity.
- [EntityProperty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/EntityProperty.en.md): Natural-language name of a property.
- [EntityType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/EntityType.en.md): Natural-language name of an entity type.
- [ExcelDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ExcelDate.en.md): A numerical date in the Microsoft Excel standard.
- [ExoplanetClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ExoplanetClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of exoplanets.
- [Exoplanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Exoplanet.en.md): Natural-language name of an exoplanet.
- [ExportFormatString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ExportFormatString.en.md): Standard name of an export format.
- [Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Expression.en.md): Wolfram Language expression.
- [FamousChemistryProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FamousChemistryProblem.en.md): Natural-language name of a chemistry problem.
- [FamousGem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FamousGem.en.md): Natural-language name of a gem.
- [FamousMathGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FamousMathGame.en.md): Natural-language name of a math game.
- [FamousMathProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FamousMathProblem.en.md): Natural-language name of a math problem.
- [FamousPhysicsProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FamousPhysicsProblem.en.md): Natural-language name of a physics problem.
- [FictionalCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FictionalCharacter.en.md): Natural-language name of a fictional character.
- [FileFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FileFormat.en.md): Natural-language name of a file format.
- [FileName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FileName.en.md): A file that exists on disk.
- [FinancialClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FinancialClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of financial entities.
- [Financial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Financial.en.md): Natural-language name of a financial entity.
- [FinancialIndexClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FinancialIndexClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of financial indices.
- [FinancialIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FinancialIndex.en.md): Natural-language name of a financial index.
- [FiniteGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FiniteGroup.en.md): Natural-language name of a finite group.
- [Fish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Fish.en.md): Natural-language name of a fish.
- [Food](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Food.en.md): Natural-language name of a food.
- [FoodType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FoodType.en.md): Natural-language name of a food type.
- [Forest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Forest.en.md): Natural-language name of a forest.
- [FrequencyAllocation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/FrequencyAllocation.en.md): Natural-language name of a frequency allocation range.
- [GalaxyClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GalaxyClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of galaxies.
- [Galaxy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Galaxy.en.md): Natural-language name of a galaxy.
- [GeneClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeneClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of genes.
- [Gene](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Gene.en.md): Natural-language name of a gene.
- [GeneticTranslationTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeneticTranslationTable.en.md): Natural-language name of a genetic translation table.
- [GeoCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeoCoordinates.en.md): Free-form specification of geographic coordinates.
- [GeographicRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeographicRegion.en.md): Natural-language name of a geographic region.
- [GeologicalFormation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeologicalFormation.en.md): Natural-language name of a geological formation.
- [GeologicalLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeologicalLayer.en.md): Natural-language name of a geological layer.
- [GeologicalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeologicalPeriod.en.md): Natural-language name of a geological period.
- [GeoModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeoModel.en.md): Natural-language name of a geodetic model.
- [GeoProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GeoProjection.en.md): Natural-language name of a cartographic projection.
- [GivenName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GivenName.en.md): A given name expressed in natural language.
- [Glacier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Glacier.en.md): Natural-language name of a glacier.
- [GoatBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GoatBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of goat breeds.
- [GoatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GoatBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a goat breed.
- [GrammaticalUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GrammaticalUnit.en.md): Natural-language name of a grammatical unit.
- [GraphClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/GraphClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of graphs.
- [Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Graph.en.md): Natural-language name of a graph.
- [Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Graphics.en.md): Vector graphics in a standard format.
- [HeldExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeldExpression.en.md): Wolfram Language expression.
- [HeldMathExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeldMathExpression.en.md): Mathematical expression in natural language.
- [HeldMathFormula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeldMathFormula.en.md): Mathematical formula in natural language.
- [HeldMathMLExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeldMathMLExpression.en.md): MathML input.
- [HeldSemanticExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeldSemanticExpression.en.md): Wolfram Language expression given in natural language.
- [HeldTeXExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeldTeXExpression.en.md): TeX input.
- [HeuristicPercent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HeuristicPercent.en.md): Percentage expressed in natural language.
- [HexInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HexInteger.en.md): Hexadecimal number in a standard format.
- [HistoricalCountry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HistoricalCountry.en.md): Natural-language name of a historical country.
- [HistoricalEvent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HistoricalEvent.en.md): Natural-language name of a historical event.
- [HistoricalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HistoricalPeriod.en.md): Natural-language name of a historical period.
- [HistoricalSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HistoricalSite.en.md): Natural-language name of a historic site.
- [HorseBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HorseBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of horse breeds.
- [HorseBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/HorseBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a horse breed.
- [ICDNine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ICDNine.en.md): Natural-language name of an ICD-9 code.
- [ICDTenClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ICDTenClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of ICD-10 codes.
- [ICDTen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ICDTen.en.md): Natural-language name of an ICD-10 code.
- [Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Image.en.md): Image in a standard format.
- [ImportFormatString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ImportFormatString.en.md): Standard name of an import format.
- [InactiveExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InactiveExpression.en.md): Wolfram Language expression.
- [InactiveMathExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InactiveMathExpression.en.md): Mathematical expression in natural language.
- [InactiveMathFormula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InactiveMathFormula.en.md): Mathematical formula in natural language.
- [InactiveMathMLExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InactiveMathMLExpression.en.md): MathML input.
- [InactiveSemanticExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InactiveSemanticExpression.en.md): Wolfram Language expression given in natural language.
- [InactiveTeXExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InactiveTeXExpression.en.md): TeX input.
- [Insect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Insect.en.md): Natural-language name of an insect.
- [Integer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Integer.en.md): Integer number in a standard format.
- [IntegerSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/IntegerSequence.en.md): Natural-language name of an integer sequence.
- [InternetDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InternetDomain.en.md): Natural-language name of an internet domain.
- [InterpreterType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/InterpreterType.en.md): An Interpreter type expressed in natural language.
- [IPAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/IPAddress.en.md): IP address in a standard format.
- [IslandClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/IslandClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of islands.
- [Island](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Island.en.md): Natural-language name of an island.
- [IsotopeClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/IsotopeClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of isotopes.
- [Isotope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Isotope.en.md): Natural-language name of an isotope.
- [Knot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Knot.en.md): Natural-language name of a knot.
- [Lake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Lake.en.md): Natural-language name of a lake.
- [Lamina](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Lamina.en.md): Natural-language name of a lamina.
- [LanguageClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LanguageClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of languages.
- [Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Language.en.md): Natural-language name of a language.
- [LaserClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LaserClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of lasers.
- [Laser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Laser.en.md): Natural-language name of a laser.
- [Lattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Lattice.en.md): Natural-language name of a lattice.
- [LatticeSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LatticeSystem.en.md): Natural-language name of a lattice system.
- [LibraryBranch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LibraryBranch.en.md): Natural-language name of a library branch.
- [LibrarySystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LibrarySystem.en.md): Natural-language name of a library system.
- [LightColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LightColor.en.md): Natural-language name of a light color.
- [Location](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Location.en.md): Natural-language name or coordinates of a geographic location.
- [LunarInteriorLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/LunarInteriorLayer.en.md): Natural-language name of a lunar interior layer.
- [Mammal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Mammal.en.md): Natural-language name of a mammal.
- [MannedSpaceMission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MannedSpaceMission.en.md): Natural-language name of a manned space mission.
- [MathExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MathExpression.en.md): Mathematical expression in natural language.
- [MathFormula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MathFormula.en.md): Mathematical formula in natural language.
- [MathMLExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MathMLExpression.en.md): MathML input.
- [MathWorldClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MathWorldClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of MathWorld topics.
- [MathWorld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MathWorld.en.md): Natural-language name of a MathWorld topic.
- [MeasurementDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MeasurementDevice.en.md): Natural-language name of a measurement device.
- [MedicalTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MedicalTest.en.md): Natural-language name of a medical test.
- [MeteorShowerClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MeteorShowerClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of meteor showers.
- [MeteorShower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MeteorShower.en.md): Natural-language name of a meteor shower.
- [MetropolitanArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MetropolitanArea.en.md): Natural-language name of a metropolitan area.
- [MIMETypeString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MIMETypeString.en.md): Standard name of a file format.
- [Mine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Mine.en.md): Natural-language name of a mine.
- [Mineral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Mineral.en.md): Natural-language name of a mineral.
- [MinorPlanetClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MinorPlanetClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of minor planets.
- [MinorPlanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MinorPlanet.en.md): Natural-language name of a minor planet.
- [MountainClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MountainClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of mountains.
- [Mountain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Mountain.en.md): Natural-language name of a mountain.
- [MovieClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MovieClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of movies.
- [Movie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Movie.en.md): A movie expressed in natural language.
- [Museum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Museum.en.md): Natural-language name of a museum.
- [MusicAct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MusicAct.en.md): A music act expressed in natural language.
- [MusicAlbum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MusicAlbum.en.md): A music album expressed in natural language.
- [MusicalInstrument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MusicalInstrument.en.md): Natural-language name of a musical instrument.
- [MusicWork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/MusicWork.en.md): A music work expressed in natural language.
- [Mythology](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Mythology.en.md): Natural-language name of a mythological figure.
- [NebulaClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NebulaClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of nebulas.
- [Nebula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Nebula.en.md): Natural-language name of a nebula.
- [Neighborhood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Neighborhood.en.md): Natural-language name of a neighborhood.
- [NetworkService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NetworkService.en.md): Natural-language name of a network service.
- [Neuron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Neuron.en.md): Natural-language name of a neuron.
- [NotableComputer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NotableComputer.en.md): Natural-language name of a famous computer.
- [NuclearExplosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NuclearExplosion.en.md): Natural-language name of a nuclear explosion.
- [NuclearReactorClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NuclearReactorClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of nuclear reactors.
- [NuclearReactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NuclearReactor.en.md): Natural-language name of a nuclear reactor.
- [NuclearTestSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/NuclearTestSite.en.md): Natural-language name of a nuclear test site.
- [Number](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Number.en.md): Number in a standard format.
- [Ocean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Ocean.en.md): Natural-language name of an ocean.
- [OilField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/OilField.en.md): Natural-language name of an oil field.
- [OrdinalNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/OrdinalNumber.en.md): Natural-language name of an ordinal number.
- [Park](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Park.en.md): Natural-language name of a park.
- [ParticleAccelerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ParticleAccelerator.en.md): Natural-language name of a particle accelerator.
- [ParticleClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ParticleClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of particles.
- [Particle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Particle.en.md): Natural-language name of a particle.
- [Percent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Percent.en.md): Percentage expressed in natural language.
- [PercentFraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PercentFraction.en.md): Percentage expressed in natural language.
- [Periodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Periodical.en.md): Natural-language name of a periodical.
- [Person](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Person.en.md): Natural-language name of a person.
- [PersonTitle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PersonTitle.en.md): Natural-language name of a person title.
- [PhoneNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PhoneNumber.en.md): An international phone number.
- [PhysicalActivityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PhysicalActivityClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of physical activities.
- [PhysicalActivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PhysicalActivity.en.md): Natural-language name of a physical activity.
- [PhysicalConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PhysicalConstant.en.md): Natural-language reference to a physical constant.
- [PhysicalQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PhysicalQuantity.en.md): Natural-language name of a physical quantity.
- [PhysicalSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PhysicalSystem.en.md): Natural-language name of a physical system.
- [PigBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PigBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of pig breeds.
- [PigBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PigBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a pig breed.
- [PigeonBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PigeonBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of pigeon breeds.
- [PigeonBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PigeonBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a pigeon breed.
- [PilatesExercise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PilatesExercise.en.md): Natural-language name of a Pilates exercise.
- [PlaneCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PlaneCurve.en.md): Natural-language name of a plane curve.
- [PlanetaryMoonClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PlanetaryMoonClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of planetary moons.
- [PlanetaryMoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PlanetaryMoon.en.md): Natural-language name of a planetary moon.
- [PlanetClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PlanetClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of planets.
- [Planet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Planet.en.md): Natural-language name of a planet.
- [Plant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Plant.en.md): Natural-language name of a plant.
- [PokemonClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PokemonClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of Pokémon.
- [Pokemon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Pokemon.en.md): Natural-language name of a Pokémon.
- [PolyhedronClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PolyhedronClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of polyhedra.
- [Polyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Polyhedron.en.md): Natural-language name of a polyhedron.
- [PopularCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PopularCurve.en.md): Natural-language name of a popular curve.
- [PoultryBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PoultryBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of poultry breeds.
- [PoultryBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PoultryBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a poultry breed.
- [PrivateSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PrivateSchool.en.md): Natural-language name of a private school.
- [ProgrammingLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md): Natural-language name of a programming language.
- [Protein](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Protein.en.md): Natural-language name of a protein.
- [PublicSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PublicSchool.en.md): Natural-language name of a public school.
- [PulsarClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/PulsarClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of pulsars.
- [Pulsar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Pulsar.en.md): Natural-language name of a pulsar.
- [Quantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Quantity.en.md): Natural-language quantity with units.
- [Real](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Real.en.md): Real number in a standard format.
- [Reef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Reef.en.md): Natural-language name of a reef.
- [Religion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Religion.en.md): Natural-language name of a religion.
- [Reptile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Reptile.en.md): Natural-language name of a reptile.
- [ReserveLand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ReserveLand.en.md): Natural-language name of a reserve land.
- [River](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/River.en.md): Natural-language name of a river.
- [Rocket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Rocket.en.md): Natural-language name of a rocket.
- [RomanNumeral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/RomanNumeral.en.md): Roman numeral in a standard format.
- [Satellite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Satellite.en.md): Natural-language name of a satellite.
- [SchoolDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SchoolDistrict.en.md): Natural-language name of a school district.
- [School](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/School.en.md): Natural-language name of a school.
- [SemanticComplexNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SemanticComplexNumber.en.md): Natural-language name of a complex number.
- [SemanticExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SemanticExpression.en.md): Wolfram Language expression given in natural language.
- [SemanticInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SemanticInteger.en.md): Integer number in a standard format or in natural language.
- [SemanticNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SemanticNumber.en.md): Number in a standard format or in natural language.
- [SemanticReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SemanticReal.en.md): Natural-language name of a real number.
- [SemanticURL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SemanticURL.en.md): URL address in a standard format or in natural language.
- [SheepBreedClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SheepBreedClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of sheep breeds.
- [SheepBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SheepBreed.en.md): Natural-language name of a sheep breed.
- [Ship](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Ship.en.md): Natural-language name of a ship.
- [Shipwreck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Shipwreck.en.md): Natural-language name of a shipwreck.
- [SNP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SNP.en.md): Natural-language name of an SNP.
- [SolarSystemFeatureClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SolarSystemFeatureClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of solar system features.
- [SolarSystemFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SolarSystemFeature.en.md): Natural-language name of a solar system feature.
- [Solid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Solid.en.md): Natural-language name of a solid.
- [Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Sound.en.md): Sound in a standard format.
- [SpaceCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SpaceCurve.en.md): Natural-language name of a space curve.
- [Species](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Species.en.md): Natural-language name of a species specification.
- [SportObjectClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SportObjectClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of sport objects.
- [SportObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SportObject.en.md): Natural-language name of a sport object.
- [Stadium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Stadium.en.md): Natural-language name of a stadium.
- [StarClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StarClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of stars.
- [StarClusterClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StarClusterClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of star clusters.
- [StarCluster](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StarCluster.en.md): Natural-language name of a star cluster.
- [Star](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Star.en.md): Natural-language name of a star.
- [StreetAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StreetAddress.en.md): A street address specification.
- [String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/String.en.md): String in a standard format.
- [StructuredColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StructuredColor.en.md): Color in a standard format.
- [StructuredDate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StructuredDate.en.md): Date in a standard format.
- [StructuredDateTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StructuredDateTime.en.md): Date with time in a standard format.
- [StructuredGeoCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StructuredGeoCoordinates.en.md): A geographic coordinate pair in a standard format.
- [StructuredQuantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StructuredQuantity.en.md): Quantity in a standard format.
- [StructuredTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/StructuredTime.en.md): Time specification in a standard format.
- [SupernovaClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SupernovaClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of supernovas.
- [Supernova](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Supernova.en.md): Natural-language name of a supernova.
- [SupernovaTypeClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SupernovaTypeClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of supernova types.
- [SupernovaType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/SupernovaType.en.md): Natural-language name of a supernova type.
- [Surface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Surface.en.md): Natural-language name of a surface.
- [Surname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Surname.en.md): A surname expressed in natural language.
- [TaxonomicSpecies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TaxonomicSpecies.en.md): Natural-language name of a taxonomic species specification.
- [TeXExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TeXExpression.en.md): TeX input.
- [TextArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TextArea.en.md): String in a standard format.
- [TextLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TextLine.en.md): A single line of text.
- [TickerSymbolClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TickerSymbolClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of ticker symbols.
- [TickerSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TickerSymbol.en.md): Natural-language name of a ticker symbol.
- [Time](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Time.en.md): Time specification in any standard format or in natural language.
- [TimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TimeZone.en.md): Natural-language name of a time zone.
- [TopLevelDomain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TopLevelDomain.en.md): Natural-language name of a domain.
- [TropicalStorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/TropicalStorm.en.md): Natural-language name of a tropical storm.
- [Tunnel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Tunnel.en.md): Natural-language name of a tunnel.
- [UnderseaFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/UnderseaFeature.en.md): Natural-language name of an undersea feature.
- [UniversityClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/UniversityClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of universities.
- [University](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/University.en.md): Natural-language name of a university.
- [UnixTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/UnixTime.en.md): Unix time specification in terms of number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), not counting leap seconds.
- [UploadedFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/UploadedFile.en.md): A file to be copied to a cloud object.
- [URL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/URL.en.md): URL address in standard format.
- [URLQueryString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/URLQueryString.en.md): URL query string in a standard format.
- [URLString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/URLString.en.md): URL-encoded string in a standard format.
- [USCongressionalDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/USCongressionalDistrict.en.md): Natural-language name of a US congressional district.
- [USCountyClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/USCountyClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of US counties.
- [USCounty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/USCounty.en.md): Natural-language name of a US county.
- [USStateClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/USStateClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of US states.
- [USState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/USState.en.md): Natural-language name of a US state.
- [Volcano](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Volcano.en.md): Natural-language name of a volcano.
- [Waterfall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Waterfall.en.md): Natural-language name of a waterfall.
- [WeatherStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/WeatherStation.en.md): Natural-language name of a weather station.
- [WeightTrainingExerciseClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/WeightTrainingExerciseClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of weight-training exercises.
- [WeightTrainingExercise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/WeightTrainingExercise.en.md): Natural-language name of a weight-training exercise.
- [WolframLanguageSymbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/WolframLanguageSymbol.en.md): Natural-language name of a Wolfram Language symbol.
- [Word](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/Word.en.md): An English word or phrase.
- [WritingScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/WritingScript.en.md): Natural-language name of a writing script.
- [YogaPoseClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/YogaPoseClass.en.md): Natural-language name of a class of yoga poses.
- [YogaPose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/YogaPose.en.md): Natural-language name of a yoga pose.
- [YogaPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/YogaPosition.en.md): Natural-language name of a yoga position.
- [YogaProp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/YogaProp.en.md): Natural-language name of a yoga prop.
- [YogaSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/YogaSequence.en.md): Natural-language name of a yoga sequence.
- [ZIPCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ZIPCode.en.md): Natural-language name of a ZIP code.

### menuitem

- [Evaluation > Abort Evaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AbortEvaluation.en.md): Abort Evaluation aborts the current evaluation.
- [Help > About Mathematica...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AboutMathematica.en.md): About Mathematica opens a notebook containing information about the Wolfram System.
- [Insert > Table/Matrix > Add Column](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AddColumn.en.md): Add Column adds a column at the cursor's insertion point in a table or matrix.
- [Cell > Cell Tags > Add/Remove Cell Tags...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AddRemoveCellTags.en.md): Add/Remove Cell Tags opens a dialog box that allows you to add or remove cell tags associated with the selected cell (s).
- [Insert > Table/Matrix > Add Row](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AddRow.en.md): Add Row adds a row at the cursor's insertion point in a table or matrix.
- [[Right-Click] > Analyze Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AnalyzeCell.en.md): Analyze Cell analyzes the currently selected cell.
- [Evaluation > Analyze Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AnalyzeCells.en.md): Analyze Cells analyzes the currently selected cells.
- [Evaluation > Analyze Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AnalyzeNotebook.en.md): Analyze Notebook analyzes the current notebook.
- [Cell > Grouping > Automatic Grouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AutomaticGrouping.en.md): Automatic Grouping automatically creates hierarchical cell groups on the basis of cell style.
- [Insert > Automatic Numbering...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/AutomaticNumbering.en.md): Automatic Numbering creates an automatic numbering object, or counter, in the current notebook.
- [Format > Background Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/BackgroundColor.en.md): Background Color assigns a background color to the selected cells or text.
- [Cell > Convert To > Bitmap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Bitmap.en.md): Bitmap converts the selected cells to a platform-independent bitmap format.
- [Format > Cell Dingbat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CellDingbat.en.md): Cell Dingbat attaches the specified character as a left-hanging dingbat on the selected cells.
- [Cell > Cell Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CellProperties.en.md): Cell Properties opens a submenu to select and toggle cell properties.
- [Cell > Cell Tags](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CellTags.en.md): Cell Tags opens a submenu for creating, removing, editing, and searching cell tags.
- [Cell > Cell Tags > Cell Tags from In/Out Names](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CellTagsFromInOutNames.en.md): Cell Tags From In/Out Names gives the selected cell a tag that is the same as its current input or output prompt.
- [Insert > Cell with Same Style](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CellWithSameStyle.en.md): Cell with Same Style creates a cell below the current cell with the same cell style.
- [Edit > Check Balance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CheckBalance.en.md): Check Balance expands the selection to cover the nearest pair of matched bracketing characters.
- [Edit > Check Spelling...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CheckSpelling.en.md): Check Spelling opens the Check Spelling dialog box and searches for misspelled words.
- [Edit > Clear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Clear.en.md): Clear deletes a selection without pasting it to the clipboard.
- [Format > Clear Formatting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ClearFormatting.en.md): Clear Formatting removes formatting from selected text or cells.
- [Cell > Grouping > Close All Subgroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CloseAllSubgroups.en.md): Close All Subgroups closes all groups in a selection.
- [File > Close](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Close.en.md): Close closes the current notebook.
- [Cell > Grouping > Close Unselected Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CloseUnselectedCells.en.md): Close Unselected Cells closes all groups but leaves selected cells open.
- [Evaluation > Code Analysis Options...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CodeAnalysisOptions.en.md): Code Analysis Options views and clears ignored issues for cell, notebook and global scopes.
- [Insert > Color…](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Color_Insert.en.md): Color opens a dialog for choosing a color.
- [Edit > Complete Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CompleteSelection.en.md): Complete Selection completes a partially typed function name.
- [File > New > Resource/Repository Item >Computational Essay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ComputationalEssay.en.md): Computational Essay creates a template for a new computational essay.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > Continue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Continue.en.md): Continue resumes debugging from one breakpoint to the next breakpoint.
- [Evaluation > Convert Dynamic to Literal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ConvertDynamicToLiteral.en.md): Convert Dynamic to Literal replaces each selected dynamic object with its most recent static value.
- [Cell > Convert To](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ConvertTo.en.md): Convert To opens a submenu for converting a cell to another form, format, or display form.
- [Graphics > Convert To/From Canvas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ConvertToFromCanvas.en.md): Convert To/From Canvas add a canvas to the selected cell or flatten a canvas into the cell's contents.
- [[Right-click] > Copy Address](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CopyAddress.en.md): Copy Address copies the address of the selected (or clicked upon) hyperlink to the clipboard.
- [Edit > Copy As](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CopyAs.en.md): Copy As opens a submenu to copy a selection and convert it to the specified format.
- [Edit > Copy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Copy.en.md): Copy copies a selection to the clipboard without deleting it from your notebook.
- [[Right-click] > Copy Graphic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CopyGraphic.en.md): Copy Graphic copies the selected (or clicked upon) graphic to the clipboard.
- [[Right-click] > Copy Graphics Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CopyGraphicsSelection.en.md): Copy Graphics Selection copies the selected (or clicked upon) object within the graphic to the clipboard.
- [[Right-click] > Copy Hyperlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CopyHyperlink.en.md): Copy Hyperlink copies the selected (or clicked upon) hyperlink text to the clipboard.
- [[Right-click] > Copy Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/CopyImage.en.md): Copy Image copies the selected (or clicked upon) image to the clipboard.
- [Edit > Cut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Cut.en.md): Cut deletes a selection and pastes it to the clipboard.
- [File > New > Resource/Repository Item > Data Resource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DataRepositoryItem.en.md): Data Resource creates a new Data Repository item.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DebuggerControls.en.md): Debugger Controls opens a submenu of debugger controls.
- [Evaluation > Debugger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Debugger.en.md): Debugger opens the control palette for the debugger.
- [Evaluation > Default Kernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DefaultKernel.en.md): Default Kernel specifies the default kernel for all calculations.
- [[Right-click] > Default View](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DefaultView.en.md): Default View resets the view point for the selected (or clicked) 3D graphic to the default orientation.
- [Cell > Delete All Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DeleteAllOutput.en.md): Delete All Output deletes all output cells in the current notebook.
- [Help > Demonstrations...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Demonstrations.en.md): Demonstrations opens the Wolfram Demonstrations Project website.
- [File > New > Resource/Repository Item > Demonstration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DemonstrationsProjectNotebook.en.md): Demonstration creates a new Demonstration notebook.
- [Cell > Cell Properties > Deployed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Deployed.en.md): Deployed toggles a cell between undeployed and deployed states.
- [Cell > Divide Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DivideCell.en.md): Divide Cell splits a cell at the insertion point.
- [Help > Wolfram Documentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DocumentationCenter.en.md): Wolfram Documentation opens the Wolfram Language Documentation Center.
- [Format > Word Wrapping > Don't Word Wrap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DontWordWrap.en.md): Don't Word Wrap turns word wrapping off.
- [Graphics > Drawing Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DrawingTools.en.md): As of Version 13.3, Drawing Tools has been replaced by Graphics \\[FilledRightTriangle] New Canvas and Graphics \\[FilledRightTriangle] Convert To/From Canvas.
- [Evaluation > Dynamic Updating Enabled](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/DynamicUpdatingEnabled.en.md): Dynamic Updating Enabled toggles automatic evaluation associated with dynamic objects.
- [Cell > Cell Properties > Editable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Editable.en.md): Editable toggles whether a cell can be edited or not.
- [Format > Edit Stylesheet...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EditStylesheet.en.md): Edit Stylesheet edits the style definitions for the current notebook.
- [Cell > Elide with Tear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ElideWithTear.en.md): Elide with Tear display an elided version of the selected cell and a torn paper effect at the elision point.
- [Insert > Typesetting > End Subexpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EndSubexpression.en.md): End Subexpression moves the cursor from a subexpression to the expression at the n^th level.
- [Edit > Enter Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EnterSelection.en.md): Enter Selection places a selection into the Search for: field of the Find interface.
- [Cell > Cell Properties > Evaluatable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Evaluatable.en.md): Evaluatable toggles a cell between evaluatable and unevaluatable. Only evaluatable cells can be sent to the kernel.
- [Evaluation > Evaluate Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EvaluateCells.en.md): Evaluate Cells sends the selected cells to the kernel for evaluation.
- [Evaluation > Evaluate Initialization Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EvaluateInitializationCells.en.md): Evaluate Initialization Cells evaluates all initialization cells in the notebook.
- [Evaluation > Evaluate in Place](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EvaluateInPlace.en.md): Evaluate in Place evaluates a selection in place.
- [Evaluation > Evaluate in Subsession](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EvaluateInSubsession.en.md): Evaluate in Subsession evaluates selected cells immediately in a kernel subsession.
- [Evaluation > Evaluate Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/EvaluateNotebook.en.md): Evaluate Notebook evaluates all the evaluatable cells in the notebook.
- [File > Exit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Exit.en.md): Exit causes the Wolfram System to quit.
- [Edit > Extend Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ExtendSelection.en.md): Extend Selection highlights the smallest subexpression containing the selection.
- [Format > Face](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Face.en.md): Face assigns font face variations (Plain, Bold, Italic, or Underline) to selections.
- [Insert > File...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/File.en.md): File inserts the contents of a file at the insertion point.
- [Insert > File Path...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FilePath.en.md): File Path opens a dialog to select and paste the full pathname of a file into the text at the insertion point.
- [Cell > Cell Tags > Find Cell Tag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FindCellTags.en.md): Find Cell Tag opens a submenu to find and select cells based on their cell tags.
- [Evaluation > Find Currently Evaluating Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FindCurrentlyEvaluatingCell.en.md): Find Currently Evaluating Cell selects the cell bracket of the currently evaluating cell.
- [Edit > Find...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Find.en.md): Find opens an interface to find text in the selected notebook.
- [Edit > Find Next](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FindNext.en.md): Find Next searches forward for the next occurrence of the text string entered in the Find dialog box.
- [Edit > Find Previous](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FindPrevious.en.md): Find Previous searches backward for the next occurrence of the text string entered in the Find dialog box.
- [Help > Find Selected Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FindSelectedFunction.en.md): Find Selected Function opens documentation about the selected function.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > Finish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Finish.en.md): Finish makes the debugger run through the entire evaluation, ignoring any breakpoints.
- [Format > Font...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Font.en.md): Font opens a dialog to view and edit font, font style, size, and other text options.
- [File > New > Programmatic Notebook > Form Notebook Authoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FormNotebookAuthoring.en.md): Form Notebook Authoring creates a new form notebook.
- [[Right-click] > Front View](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FrontView.en.md): Front View sets the view point for the selected (or clicked) 3D graphic to the default front orientation.
- [Window > Full Screen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FullScreen.en.md): Full Screen toggles between full screen and normal display for the current notebook.
- [File > New > Resource/Repository Item > Function Resource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/FunctionRepositoryItem.en.md): Function Resource creates a new Function Repository item.
- [Palettes > Generate Notebook from Palette](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GenerateNotebookFromPalette.en.md): As of 10.2, Generate Notebook from Palette is no longer supported.
- [Palettes > Generate Palette from Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GeneratePaletteFromSelection.en.md): As of 13.0, Generate Palette from Selection is superseded by CreatePalette.
- [[Right-click] > Get Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GetCoordinates.en.md): Get Coordinates displays the approximate coordinate values of the mouse position.
- [[Right-click] > Get Help](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GetHelp.en.md): Get Help opens documentation about the selected function.
- [[Right-click] > Get Indices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GetIndices.en.md): Get Indices displays the approximate coordinate values of the mouse position.
- [Help > Give Feedback...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GiveFeedback.en.md): Give Feedback opens the Wolfram Research feedback site.
- [Cell > Grouping > Group Cells/Group Together](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/GroupCellsGroupTogether.en.md): Group Cells/Group Together makes a group out of the selected sequence of cells.
- [Graphics > Group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Group.en.md): Group groups the selected graphics objects.
- [Cell > Grouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Grouping.en.md): Grouping opens a submenu to control cell grouping and toggle cells open or closed.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > Halt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Halt.en.md): Halt interrupts the debugger and displays the evaluation stack.
- [File > Printing Settings > Headers and Footers...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/HeadersAndFooters.en.md): Headers and Footers sets options for printing a notebook.
- [Insert > Horizontal Lines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/HorizontalLines.en.md): Horizontal Lines opens a submenu to insert a line of the specified thickness above or below the selected cell.
- [Insert > Hyperlink...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Hyperlink.en.md): Hyperlink creates a hyperlink to a specified cell, notebook, or URL.
- [Edit > Un/Iconize Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/IconizeSelection.en.md): Un/Iconize Selection toggles iconization of the selected expression.
- [Edit > Indent Selected Lines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/IndentSelectedLines.en.md): Indent Selected Lines indents the selected lines of a code block.
- [Cell > Cell Properties > Initialization Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InitializationCell.en.md): Initialization Cell makes a cell auto-evaluate whenever the notebook is opened and the kernel is launched.
- [Cell > Cell Properties > Initialization Group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InitializationGroup.en.md): Initialization Group makes the cells in a group auto-evaluate whenever the notebook is opened and the kernel is launched.
- [Insert > Inline Free-form Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InlineFree-formInput.en.md): Inline Free-form Input enter free-form linguistics for conversion to inline Wolfram Language input.
- [Insert > Inline TeX Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InlineTeXInput.en.md): Inline TeX Input enters free-form linguistics for conversion to inline Wolfram Language input.
- [Cell > Convert To > InputForm Display](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InputFormDisplay.en.md): InputForm Display displays the selection in Wolfram Language InputForm without interpreting it.
- [Cell > Convert To > InputForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InputForm.en.md): InputForm converts the selection to Wolfram Language InputForm.
- [Insert > Input from Above](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InputFromAbove.en.md): Input from Above copies and pastes contents of the nearest preceding input cell.
- [Graphics > New Canvas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InsertNewCanvas.en.md): New Canvas inserts an empty canvas at the insertion point.
- [[Right-click] > Insert New Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InsertNewCell.en.md): Insert New Cell creates a new cell with the selected style at the cell insertion point.
- [Graphics > New Graphic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InsertNewGraphic.en.md): New Graphic inserts an empty graphics cell at the insertion point.
- [File > Install...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Install.en.md): Install opens a dialog to install a chosen Wolfram System palette, stylesheet, package or other item in the correct location.
- [Palettes > Install Palette...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InstallPalette.en.md): Install Palette opens a dialog to install a palette notebook in the correct location in the Wolfram System layout.
- [Help > Internet Connectivity...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/InternetConnectivity.en.md): Internet Connectivity opens the Internet Connectivity tab in the Preferences dialog.
- [Evaluation > Kernel Configuration Options...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/KernelConfigurationOptions.en.md): Kernel Configuration Options opens a dialog to add, remove, or edit kernel configurations.
- [Window > Magnification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Magnification_Window.en.md): Magnification changes the display magnification for a notebook.
- [Insert > Table/Matrix > Make Spanning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/MakeSpanning.en.md): Make Spanning combines the selected entries from a formatted grid into a single spanning entry.
- [Edit > Make Template](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/MakeTemplate.en.md): Make Template inserts a template based on a selected function name.
- [Cell > Grouping > Manual Grouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ManualGrouping.en.md): Manual Grouping turns on manual grouping to allow cell grouping by hand.
- [Cell > Merge Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/MergeCells.en.md): Merge Cells combines selected cells into one cell.
- [Window > Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Messages.en.md): Messages displays the Messages notebook.
- [Graphics > Move to Back](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/MoveToBack.en.md): Move to Back moves selected graphics objects to the back of the display.
- [Graphics > Move to Front](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/MoveToFront.en.md): Move to Front moves selected graphics objects to the front of the display.
- [Insert > Picture > New Canvas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/NewCanvas.en.md): New Canvas creates a new canvas at the insertion point.
- [File > New](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/New.en.md): New creates a new notebook, presentation, Demonstration, package, or text document.
- [Insert > Table/Matrix > New...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/New-TableMatrix.en.md): New opens a dialog for generating a table or matrix.
- [Evaluation > Notebook's Default Context](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/NotebookDefaultContext.en.md): Notebook's Default Context specifies the default context for the current notebook's kernel.
- [File > New > Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Notebook.en.md): Notebook creates a new notebook.
- [Cell > Notebook History...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/NotebookHistory.en.md): Notebook History displays a time record of changes made in the input notebook.
- [Evaluation > Notebook's Kernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/NotebookKernel.en.md): Notebook's Kernel specifies the kernel for a notebook.
- [Insert > Object...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Object.en.md): This menu item was removed from Version 9.
- [Cell > Grouping > Open All Subgroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OpenAllSubgroups.en.md): Open All Subgroups opens all groups in a selection.
- [Cell > Grouping > Open/Close Group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OpenCloseGroup.en.md): Open/Close Group toggles a cell group between open and closed. Closing a group collapses all cells in the group so that only the head cell is visible.
- [Cell > Cell Properties > Open](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Open.en.md): Open toggles a cell between open and closed.
- [File > Open…](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Open_File.en.md): Open opens a dialog box for opening an existing file.
- [File > Open from Cloud…](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OpenFromCloud.en.md): Open from Cloud opens a dialog box for opening an existing file from the Wolfram Cloud.
- [[Right-click] > Open in New Window](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OpenInNewWindow.en.md): Open in New Window opens the selected (or clicked upon) documentation link in a new help viewer window.
- [Format > Option Inspector...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OptionInspector.en.md): Option Inspector view and set all option values for cells, notebooks, and global preferences.
- [Edit > Outdent Selected Lines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OutdentSelectedLines.en.md): Outdent Selected Lines outdents the selected lines of a code block.
- [Cell > Convert To > OutputForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OutputForm.en.md): OutputForm converts the selection to Wolfram Language OutputForm.
- [Insert > Output from Above](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/OutputFromAbove.en.md): Output from Above copies the contents of the nearest preceding output cell.
- [File > New > Package/Script > Wolfram Language Package (.wl)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Package.en.md): Wolfram Language Package (.wl) creates a new package (.wl) window.
- [Insert > Page Break](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PageBreak.en.md): Page Break inserts a page break at the horizontal I-beam.
- [File > Printing Settings > Page Setup...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PageSetup.en.md): Page Setup controls the size and shape of the pages to be printed.
- [Evaluation > Parallel Kernel Configuration...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ParallelKernelConfiguration.en.md): Parallel Kernel Configuration opens a dialog to add, remove, and configure parallel kernels.
- [Evaluation > Parallel Kernel Status...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ParallelKernelStatus.en.md): Parallel Kernel Status opens a dialog with statistics on active parallel kernels.
- [Edit > Paste](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Paste.en.md): Paste inserts the current contents of the clipboard at the insertion point.
- [[Right-click] > Paste into Graphic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PasteIntoGraphic.en.md): Paste into Graphic inserts the current contents of the clipboard into the selected (or clicked upon) graphic.
- [Insert > Picture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Picture.en.md): Picture inserts a picture from a file or inserts an empty graphic at the insertion point.
- [Edit > Preferences...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Preferences.en.md): Preferences opens the Preferences dialog to view and edit preferences, options, and system settings.
- [File > New > Presenter Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PresenterNotebook.en.md): Presenter Notebook creates a new presenter notebook, suitable for authoring a slide show.
- [File > Preview for Wolfram Player](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PreviewForWolframPlayer.en.md): Preview for Wolfram Player opens a window previewing the notebook in Wolfram Player view.
- [File > Print...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Print.en.md): Print prints the active notebook.
- [[Right-click] > Print Graphic...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PrintGraphic.en.md): Print Graphic prints the selected (or clicked upon) graphic.
- [[Right-click] > Print Image...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PrintImage.en.md): Print Image prints the selected (or clicked upon) image.
- [File > Printing Settings > Printing Environment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PrintingEnvironment.en.md): Printing Environment determines which style environment to use for printing.
- [File > Printing Settings > Printing Options...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PrintingOptions.en.md): Printing Options sets options for printing a notebook. The Wolfram System saves these settings with the notebook.
- [File > Printing Settings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PrintingSettings.en.md): Printing Settings menu commands to specify a printing setting or printing environment.
- [File > Print Selection...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PrintSelection.en.md): Print Selection prints a selection.
- [File > Publish to Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/PublishToCloud.en.md): Publish to Cloud makes a public copy in the cloud of the current document.
- [Evaluation > Quit Kernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/QuitKernel.en.md): Quit Kernel quits the specified kernel.
- [Cell > Convert To > Raw InputForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/RawInputForm.en.md): Raw InputForm converts the selection to Wolfram Language raw InputForm.
- [Edit > Redo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Redo.en.md): Redo restores the last action that was undone, if possible.
- [Help > Register this Mathematica...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/RegisterThisMathematica.en.md): Online Registration opens the Wolfram System registration website.
- [Evaluation > Remove from Evaluation Queue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/RemoveFromEvaluationQueue.en.md): Remove from Evaluation Queue cancels the pending evaluation of a cell.
- [[Right-click] > Reset Pan/Zoom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ResetPanZoom.en.md): Reset Pan/Zoom resets the pan and zoom for the selected 3D graphic.
- [File > Revert…](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Revert.en.md): Revert restores the current notebook to its last saved version.
- [File > Save As...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SaveAs.en.md): Save As saves the current notebook in a file with a new name.
- [File > Save](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Save.en.md): Save saves the current notebook.
- [[Right-click] > Save Graphic As...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SaveGraphicAs.en.md): Save Graphic As saves the selected (or clicked upon) graphic in a file with the specified format.
- [[Right-click] > Save Image As...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SaveImageAs.en.md): Save Image As saves the selected (or clicked upon) graphic in a file with the specified format.
- [File > Save Selection As...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SaveSelectionAs.en.md): Save Selection As saves the selection in a file with the specified file format.
- [File > Save to Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SaveToCloud.en.md): Save to Cloud saves the current notebook.
- [Format > Screen Environment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ScreenEnvironment.en.md): Screen Environment determines which style environment to use for onscreen display.
- [File > New > Package/Script > WolframScript Script (.wls)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Script.en.md): WolframScript Script (.wls) creates a new Wolfram Language script (.wls) window.
- [Edit > Select All](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SelectAll.en.md): Select All selects all cells in the current notebook.
- [File > Send To...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SendTo.en.md): Send To opens a dialog to email a notebook.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > 
Show Breakpoints Window](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowBreakpointsWindow.en.md): Show Breakpoints Window toggles the Breakpoints window on or off.
- [[Right-click] > Show Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowCell.en.md): Show Cell toggles between the expression and display forms of a cell.
- [Cell > Cell Tags > Show Cell Tags](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowCellTags.en.md): Show Cell Tags toggles the display of cell tags in a notebook.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > 
Show Debugger Tools Window](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowDebuggerToolsWindow.en.md): Show Debugger Tools Window toggles the display of the Debugger Tools window on or off.
- [Graphics > Drawing Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowDrawingTools.en.md): Drawing Tools opens the 2D Drawing Tools palette.
- [Cell > Show Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowExpression.en.md): Show Expression toggles between the expression and display forms of a cell.
- [File > Printing Settings > Show Page Breaks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowPageBreaks.en.md): Show Page Breaks calculates and displays page breaks on screen.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > 
Show Stack Window](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ShowStackWindow.en.md): Show Stack Window toggles the display of the evaluation stack window on or off.
- [Format > Size](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Size.en.md): Size assigns a point size to selected cells or text.
- [Palettes > Slide Show](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SlideShow.en.md): Slide Show creates a classic slideshow notebook.
- [[Right-click] > Speak Selection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SpeakSelection.en.md): Speak Selection speaks the contents of a single selected cell.
- [Insert > Special Character…](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SpecialCharacter.en.md): Special Character opens the Special Characters palette.
- [Insert > Table/Matrix > Split Spanning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/SplitSpanning.en.md): Split Spanning divides a spanning entry from a formatted grid into separate entries.
- [Window > Stack Windows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StackWindows.en.md): Stack Windows arranges windows in a uniform overlapping stack on the screen (Windows and Macintosh only).
- [Cell > Convert To > StandardForm Display](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StandardFormDisplay.en.md): StandardForm Display displays a selection in Wolfram Language StandardForm.
- [Cell > Convert To > StandardForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StandardForm.en.md): StandardForm converts the selection to Wolfram Language StandardForm.
- [Evaluation > Start Kernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StartKernel.en.md): Start Kernel starts the specified kernel.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > Step](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Step.en.md): Step makes the debugger stop at the beginning of the next expression.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > Step In](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StepIn.en.md): Step In stops the debugger at the next stopping point.
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > Step Out](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StepOut.en.md): Step Out stops the debugger after finishing all evaluations in a stack.
- [File > New > Styled Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/StyledNotebook.en.md): Styled Notebook opens the Stylesheets palette to create a styled notebook.
- [Format > Style](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Style.en.md): Style assigns a style to selected cells or text.
- [Format > Stylesheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Stylesheet.en.md): Stylesheet assigns a stylesheet to the current notebook.
- [Insert > Table/Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TableMatrix.en.md): Table/Matrix menu commands for creating and editing tables and matrices.
- [Format > Text Alignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TextAlignment.en.md): Text Alignment assigns a text alignment to the selected cells.
- [Format > Text Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TextColor.en.md): Text Color assigns a color to selected cells or text.
- [Cell > Convert To > Text Display](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TextDisplay.en.md): Text Display displays the selection as plain text without interpreting it.
- [File > New > Text File](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TextDocument.en.md): Text File creates a new text document.
- [Format > Text Justification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TextJustification.en.md): Text Justification controls justification of cells with word wrapping.
- [Window > Tile Windows Tall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TileWindowsTall.en.md): Tile Windows Tall arranges all windows to fit in the screen one beside the other (Windows and Macintosh only).
- [Window > Tile Windows Wide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TileWindowsWide.en.md): Tile Windows Wide arranges all windows to fit in the screen one above the other (Windows and Macintosh only).
- [Evaluation > Debugger Controls > 
Toggle Breakpoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/ToggleBreakpoint.en.md): Toggle Breakpoint toggles a breakpoint on or off.
- [Window > Toolbar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Toolbar.en.md): Toolbar opens a submenu to toggle various toolbars in the selected notebook.
- [[Right-click] > Top View](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TopView.en.md): Top View sets the view point for the selected (or clicked) 3D graphic to the default top orientation.
- [Cell > Convert To > TraditionalForm Display](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TraditionalFormDisplay.en.md): TraditionalForm Display displays the selection in Wolfram Language TraditionalForm
- [Cell > Convert To > TraditionalForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TraditionalForm.en.md): TraditionalForm converts the selection to Wolfram Language TraditionalForm.
- [[Right-click] > Trim Bounding Box](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/TrimBoundingBox.en.md): Trim Bounding Box trims the 3D graphics frame while the graphic is being rotated.
- [Insert > Typesetting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Typesetting.en.md): Typesetting opens a submenu of common typesetting actions.
- [Edit > Un/Comment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/UnComment.en.md): Un/Comment comments or uncomments the selected expression.
- [Edit > Undo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Undo.en.md): Undo reverses the previous action, if possible.
- [Cell > Grouping > Ungroup Cells/Group Normally](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/UngroupCellsGroupNormally.en.md): Ungroup Cells/Group Normally ungroups the selected sequence of cells.
- [Graphics > Ungroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/Ungroup.en.md): Ungroup ungroups the selected graphics objects.
- [Help > Welcome Screen...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WelcomeScreen.en.md): Welcome Screen opens the Welcome Screen, which appears by default each time you start the Wolfram System.
- [Help > Why the Beep?...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WhyTheBeep.en.md): Why the Beep? opens a dialog with an explanation of why the front end produced a beep.
- [Help > Why the Coloring?...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WhyTheColoring.en.md): Why the Coloring? opens a dialog that explains any syntax coloring in the active notebook.
- [File > New > Wolfram|Alpha Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WolframAlphaModeNotebook.en.md): Wolfram|Alpha Notebook creates a new Wolfram|Alpha notebook.
- [Help > Wolfram Website...](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WolframWebsite.en.md): Wolfram Website opens the main Wolfram Research website in a web browser.
- [Format > Word Wrapping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WordWrapping.en.md): Word Wrapping opens a submenu of word wrapping styles.
- [Format > Word Wrapping > Wrap at Paper Width](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WrapAtPaperWidth.en.md): Wrap at Paper Width wraps lines at the width of the paper currently specified by the print settings.
- [Format > Word Wrapping > 
Wrap at Window Width](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/WrapAtWindowWidth.en.md): Wrap at Window Width wraps lines at the width of the window containing the text.
- [Help > X Environment Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/XEnvironmentInformationXOnly.en.md): X Environment Information opens a dialog box that displays the current attributes of the X front end environment (X only).

### message


#### AbsoluteOptions

- [AbsoluteOptions::optnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AbsoluteOptions/optnf.en.md): AbsoluteOptions::optnf SetOptions::optnf Options::optnf

#### AbsoluteThickness

- [AbsoluteThickness::thkn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AbsoluteThickness/thkn.en.md): AbsoluteThickness::thkn Thickness::thkn

#### AccountingForm

- [AccountingForm::expint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AccountingForm/expint.en.md): AccountingForm::expint EngineeringForm::expint NumberForm::expint PaddedForm::expint ScientificForm::expint
- [AccountingForm::iprf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AccountingForm/iprf.en.md): AccountingForm::iprf EngineeringForm::iprf NumberForm::iprf PaddedForm::iprf ScientificForm::iprf

#### Accuracy

- [Accuracy::mnprec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Accuracy/mnprec.en.md): Accuracy::mnprec Precision::mnprec
- [Accuracy::mxprec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Accuracy/mxprec.en.md): Accuracy::mxprec Precision::mxprec

#### AlgebraicRules

- [AlgebraicRules::algdat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AlgebraicRules/algdat.en.md): AlgebraicRules::algdat
- [AlgebraicRules::newv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AlgebraicRules/newv.en.md): AlgebraicRules::newv

#### Array

- [Array::plen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Array/plen.en.md): Array::plen StringReplacePart::plen

#### AspectRatio

- [AspectRatio::aspr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AspectRatio/aspr.en.md): AspectRatio::aspr

#### Attributes

- [Attributes::attnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Attributes/attnf.en.md): Attributes::attnf
- [Attributes::attsl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Attributes/attsl.en.md): Attributes::attsl
- [Attributes::locked](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Attributes/locked.en.md): Attributes::locked ClearAll::locked Protect::locked SetOptions::locked

#### Axes

- [Axes::axes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Axes/axes.en.md): Axes::axes

#### AxesEdge

- [AxesEdge::axedg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/AxesEdge/axedg.en.md): AxesEdge::axedg

#### BaseForm

- [BaseForm::basf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/BaseForm/basf.en.md): BaseForm::basf IntegerString::basf

#### Block

- [Block::lockt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Block/lockt.en.md): Block::lockt Dialog::lockt
- [Block::lockv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Block/lockv.en.md): Block::lockv Dialog::lockv
- [Block::lvlist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Block/lvlist.en.md): Block::lvlist Dialog::lvlist Module::lvlist With::lvlist
- [Block::lvset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Block/lvset.en.md): Block::lvset Dialog::lvset With::lvset Module::lvset
- [Block::lvsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Block/lvsym.en.md): Block::lvsym Dialog::lvsym DynamicModule::lvsym Give::lvsym Module::lvsym

#### Break

- [Break::nofunc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Break/nofunc.en.md): Break::nofunc Continue::nofunc Return::nofunc
- [Break::nofwd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Break/nofwd.en.md): Break::nofwd

#### CellularAutomaton

- [CellularAutomaton::kspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CellularAutomaton/kspec.en.md): CellularAutomaton::kspec
- [CellularAutomaton::nocol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CellularAutomaton/nocol.en.md): CellularAutomaton::nocol
- [CellularAutomaton::nspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CellularAutomaton/nspec.en.md): CellularAutomaton::nspec
- [CellularAutomaton::rsize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CellularAutomaton/rsize.en.md): CellularAutomaton::rsize
- [CellularAutomaton::rspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CellularAutomaton/rspec.en.md): CellularAutomaton::rspec
- [CellularAutomaton::stoff](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CellularAutomaton/stoff.en.md): CellularAutomaton::stoff

#### CharacterRange

- [CharacterRange::argtype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CharacterRange/argtype.en.md): CharacterRange::argtype

#### Chop

- [Chop::tolnn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Chop/tolnn.en.md): Chop::tolnn Rationalize::tolnn

#### Circle

- [Circle::angle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Circle/angle.en.md): Circle::angle
- [Circle::radius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Circle/radius.en.md): Circle::radius

#### Clear

- [Clear::spsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Clear/spsym.en.md): Clear::spsym ClearAll::spsym
- [Clear::ssym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Clear/ssym.en.md): Clear::ssym ClearAll::ssym Information::ssym

#### ClearAll

- [ClearAll::clloc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ClearAll/clloc.en.md): ClearAll::clloc

#### ClebschGordan

- [ClebschGordan::phy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ClebschGordan/phy.en.md): ClebschGordan::phy
- [ClebschGordan::tri](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ClebschGordan/tri.en.md): ClebschGordan::tri

#### Close

- [Close::spfile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Close/spfile.en.md): Close::spfile

#### Coefficient

- [Coefficient::numv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Coefficient/numv.en.md): Coefficient::numv Exponent::numv

#### ColorOutput

- [ColorOutput::colpc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ColorOutput/colpc.en.md): ColorOutput::colpc ToColor::colpc
- [ColorOutput::colpn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ColorOutput/colpn.en.md): ColorOutput::colpn ToColor::colpn
- [ColorOutput::colpw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ColorOutput/colpw.en.md): ColorOutput::colpw ToColor::colpw

#### ColumnForm

- [ColumnForm::colmh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ColumnForm/colmh.en.md): ColumnForm::colmh
- [ColumnForm::colmv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ColumnForm/colmv.en.md): ColumnForm::colmv

#### Compile

- [Compile::argset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/argset.en.md): Compile::argset
- [Compile::ccon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/ccon.en.md): Compile::ccon
- [Compile::cif](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cif.en.md): Compile::cif
- [Compile::cpapot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpapot.en.md): Compile::cpapot
- [Compile::cpbool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpbool.en.md): Compile::cpbool
- [Compile::cpdsts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpdsts.en.md): Compile::cpdsts
- [Compile::cpint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpint.en.md): Compile::cpint
- [Compile::cpintlt2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpintlt2.en.md): Compile::cpintlt2
- [Compile::cpintlt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpintlt.en.md): Compile::cpintlt
- [Compile::cpiter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpiter.en.md): Compile::cpiter
- [Compile::cplist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cplist.en.md): Compile::cplist
- [Compile::cpout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpout.en.md): Compile::cpout
- [Compile::cppat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cppat.en.md): Compile::cppat
- [Compile::cprank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cprank.en.md): Compile::cprank
- [Compile::cpts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpts.en.md): Compile::cpts
- [Compile::cptype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cptype.en.md): Compile::cptype
- [Compile::cpw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cpw.en.md): Compile::cpw
- [Compile::cret1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cret1.en.md): Compile::cret1
- [Compile::cret](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cret.en.md): Compile::cret
- [Compile::cset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cset.en.md): Compile::cset
- [Compile::ctyp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/ctyp1.en.md): Compile::ctyp1
- [Compile::ctyp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/ctyp2.en.md): Compile::ctyp2
- [Compile::ctyps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/ctyps.en.md): Compile::ctyps
- [Compile::cxcoerce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/cxcoerce.en.md): Compile::cxcoerce
- [Compile::extscalar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/extscalar.en.md): Compile::extscalar
- [Compile::exttensor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/exttensor.en.md): Compile::exttensor
- [Compile::initvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/initvar.en.md): Compile::initvar
- [Compile::realcoerce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/realcoerce.en.md): Compile::realcoerce
- [Compile::type](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Compile/type.en.md): Compile::type

#### CompiledFunction

- [CompiledFunction::ccf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/ccf.en.md): CompiledFunction::ccf
- [CompiledFunction::cfcode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfcode.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfcode
- [CompiledFunction::cfct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfct.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfct
- [CompiledFunction::cfex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfex.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfex
- [CompiledFunction::cfff](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfff.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfff
- [CompiledFunction::cffv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cffv.en.md): CompiledFunction::cffv
- [CompiledFunction::cfins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfins.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfins
- [CompiledFunction::cflist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cflist.en.md): CompiledFunction::cflist
- [CompiledFunction::cfn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfn.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfn
- [CompiledFunction::cfnlts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfnlts.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfnlts
- [CompiledFunction::cfnv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfnv.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfnv
- [CompiledFunction::cfsa](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfsa.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfsa
- [CompiledFunction::cfsec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfsec.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfsec
- [CompiledFunction::cfse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfse.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfse
- [CompiledFunction::cfta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfta.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfta
- [CompiledFunction::cftec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cftec.en.md): CompiledFunction::cftec
- [CompiledFunction::cfte](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfte.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfte
- [CompiledFunction::cfver](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/cfver.en.md): CompiledFunction::cfver
- [CompiledFunction::mldot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CompiledFunction/mldot.en.md): CompiledFunction::mldot

#### ComplexExpand

- [ComplexExpand::exf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ComplexExpand/exf.en.md): ComplexExpand::exf

#### Condition

- [Condition::condp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Condition/condp.en.md): Condition::condp

#### ConstrainedMax

- [ConstrainedMax::cmcons](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ConstrainedMax/cmcons.en.md): ConstrainedMax::cmcons ConstrainedMin::cmcons
- [ConstrainedMax::cmfun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ConstrainedMax/cmfun.en.md): ConstrainedMax::cmfun ConstrainedMin::cmfun
- [ConstrainedMax::cmnc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ConstrainedMax/cmnc.en.md): ConstrainedMax::cmnc ConstrainedMin::cmnc

#### Context

- [Context::cxdup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Context/cxdup.en.md): Context::cxdup
- [Context::cxname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Context/cxname.en.md): Context::cxname
- [Context::cxset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Context/cxset.en.md): Context::cxset $Context::cxset
- [Context::quote1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Context/quote1.en.md): Context::quote1
- [Context::quote](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Context/quote.en.md): Context::quote

#### ContextToFileName

- [ContextToFileName::cxfil](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContextToFileName/cxfil.en.md): ContextToFileName::cxfil

#### Continue

- [Continue::nofwd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Continue/nofwd.en.md): Continue::nofwd

#### ContinuedFraction

- [ContinuedFraction::incomp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContinuedFraction/incomp.en.md): ContinuedFraction::incomp
- [ContinuedFraction::noterms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContinuedFraction/noterms.en.md): ContinuedFraction::noterms
- [ContinuedFraction::start](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContinuedFraction/start.en.md): ContinuedFraction::start

#### ContourGraphics

- [ContourGraphics::ctpnt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContourGraphics/ctpnt.en.md): ContourGraphics::ctpnt
- [ContourGraphics::ctsm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContourGraphics/ctsm.en.md): ContourGraphics::ctsm
- [ContourGraphics::gmat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContourGraphics/gmat.en.md): ContourGraphics::gmat DensityGraphics::gmat SurfaceGraphics::gmat

#### ContourPlot

- [ContourPlot::pllim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ContourPlot/pllim.en.md): ContourPlot::pllim DensityPlot::pllim ParametricPlot::pllim Plot3D::pllim Plot::pllim ParametricPlot3D::pllim Play::pllim

#### CopyDirectory

- [CopyDirectory::dirne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CopyDirectory/dirne.en.md): CopyDirectory::dirne DeleteDirectory::dirne RenameDirectory::dirne
- [CopyDirectory::filex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CopyDirectory/filex.en.md): CopyDirectory::filex CopyFile::filex RenameDirectory::filex RenameFile::filex
- [CopyDirectory::nodir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CopyDirectory/nodir.en.md): CopyDirectory::nodir DeleteDirectory::nodir RenameDirectory::nodir

#### CopyFile

- [CopyFile::fdir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CopyFile/fdir.en.md): CopyFile::fdir DeleteFile::fdir Export::fdir Get::fdir RenameFile::fdir

#### Cross

- [Cross::nonn1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Cross/nonn1.en.md): Cross::nonn1

#### CylindricalDecomposition

- [CylindricalDecomposition::nrtpi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/CylindricalDecomposition/nrtpi.en.md): CylindricalDecomposition::nrtpi GenericCylindricalDecomposition::nrtpi

#### D

- [D::dvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/D/dvar.en.md): D::dvar

#### Dashing

- [Dashing::dshn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Dashing/dshn.en.md): Dashing::dshn AbsoluteDashing::dshn

#### Debug

- [Debug::dbug](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Debug/dbug.en.md): Debug::dbug

#### DeclarePackage

- [DeclarePackage::aldec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DeclarePackage/aldec.en.md): DeclarePackage::aldec

#### DefaultFont

- [DefaultFont::dfont](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DefaultFont/dfont.en.md): DefaultFont::dfont

#### DefineExternal

- [DefineExternal::des](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DefineExternal/des.en.md): DefineExternal::des

#### Derivative

- [Derivative::novar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Derivative/novar.en.md): Derivative::novar

#### Dialog

- [Dialog::dpa](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Dialog/dpa.en.md): Dialog::dpa

#### DigitCount

- [DigitCount::base](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DigitCount/base.en.md): DigitCount::base
- [DigitCount::digp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DigitCount/digp.en.md): DigitCount::digp

#### Disk

- [Disk::angle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Disk/angle.en.md): Disk::angle
- [Disk::radius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Disk/radius.en.md): Disk::radius

#### Display

- [Display::dispgif](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Display/dispgif.en.md): Display::dispgif
- [Display::dopen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Display/dopen.en.md): Display::dopen
- [Display::dwrite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Display/dwrite.en.md): Display::dwrite
- [Display::image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Display/image.en.md): Display::image Export::image ExportString::image Import::image
- [Display::nolink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Display/nolink.en.md): Display::nolink
- [Display::pserr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Display/pserr.en.md): Display::pserr

#### Dot

- [Dot::dotsh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Dot/dotsh.en.md): Dot::dotsh
- [Dot::rect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Dot/rect.en.md): Dot::rect Tr::rect

#### DownValues

- [DownValues::vlist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DownValues/vlist.en.md): DownValues::vlist UpValues::vlist OwnValues::vlist FormatValues::vlist DefaultValues::vlist NValues::vlist Messages::vlist SubValues::vlist
- [DownValues::vrule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DownValues/vrule.en.md): DownValues::vrule UpValues::vrule OwnValues::vrule FormatValues::vrule DefaultValues::vrule NValues::vrule Messages::vrule SubValues::vrule

#### Drop

- [Drop::drop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Drop/drop.en.md): Drop::drop

#### DSolve

- [DSolve::alliv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/alliv.en.md): DSolve::alliv NDSolve::alliv NDSolveValue::alliv ParametricNDSolve::alliv ParametricNDSolveValue::alliv RSolve::alliv
- [DSolve::baddv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/baddv.en.md): DSolve::baddv NDSolve::baddv NDSolveValue::baddv ParametricNDSolve::baddv ParametricNDSolveValue::baddv RSolve::baddv
- [DSolve::bvfail](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/bvfail.en.md): DSolve::bvfail RSolve::bvfail
- [DSolve::bvimp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/bvimp.en.md): DSolve::bvimp RSolve::bvimp
- [DSolve::bvlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/bvlim.en.md): DSolve::bvlim RSolve::bvlim
- [DSolve::bvnr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/bvnr.en.md): DSolve::bvnr RSolve::bvnr
- [DSolve::bvnul](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/bvnul.en.md): DSolve::bvnul RSolve::bvnul
- [DSolve::bvsing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/bvsing.en.md): DSolve::bvsing RSolve::bvsing
- [DSolve::conarg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/conarg.en.md): DSolve::conarg NDSolve::conarg NDSolveValue::conarg ParametricNDSolve::conarg ParametricNDSolveValue::conarg RSolve::conarg
- [DSolve::deqn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/deqn.en.md): DSolve::deqn NDSolve::deqn NDSolveValue::deqn ParametricNDSolve::deqn ParametricNDSolveValue::deqn RSolve::deqn
- [DSolve::deqx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/deqx.en.md): DSolve::deqx NDSolve::deqx NDSolveValue::deqx ParametricNDSolve::deqx ParametricNDSolveValue::deqx
- [DSolve::der1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/der1.en.md): DSolve::der1 NDSolve::der1 NDSolveValue::der1 ParametricNDSolve::der1 ParametricNDSolveValue::der1
- [DSolve::derarg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/derarg.en.md): DSolve::derarg NDSolve::derarg NDSolveValue::derarg ParametricNDSolve::derarg ParametricNDSolveValue::derarg
- [DSolve::derlen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/derlen.en.md): DSolve::derlen NDSolve::derlen NDSolveValue::derlen ParametricNDSolve::derlen ParametricNDSolveValue::derlen
- [DSolve::dsfun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/dsfun.en.md): DSolve::dsfun NDSolve::dsfun NDSolveValue::dsfun ParametricNDSolve::dsfun ParametricNDSolveValue::dsfun RSolve::dsfun
- [DSolve::dsmsm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/dsmsm.en.md): DSolve::dsmsm RSolve::dsmsm
- [DSolve::dsvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/dsvar.en.md): DSolve::dsvar NDSolve::dsvar NDSolveValue::dsvar ParametricNDSolve::dsvar ParametricNDSolveValue::dsvar RSolve::dsvar
- [DSolve::dvleaf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/dvleaf.en.md): DSolve::dvleaf NDSolve::dvleaf NDSolveValue::dvleaf ParametricNDSolve::dvleaf ParametricNDSolveValue::dvleaf RSolve::dvleaf
- [DSolve::dvlen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/dvlen.en.md): DSolve::dvlen NDSolve::dvlen NDSolveValue::dvlen ParametricNDSolve::dvlen ParametricNDSolveValue::dvlen RSolve::dvlen
- [DSolve::ivar2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/ivar2.en.md): DSolve::ivar2 NDSolve::ivar2 NDSolveValue::ivar2 ParametricNDSolve::ivar2 ParametricNDSolveValue::ivar2 RSolve::ivar2
- [DSolve::ivhead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/ivhead.en.md): DSolve::ivhead NDSolve::ivhead NDSolveValue::ivhead ParametricNDSolve::ivhead ParametricNDSolveValue::ivhead RSolve::ivhead
- [DSolve::litarg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/litarg.en.md): DSolve::litarg NDSolve::litarg NDSolveValue::litarg ParametricNDSolve::litarg ParametricNDSolveValue::litarg RSolve::litarg
- [DSolve::ndord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/ndord.en.md): DSolve::ndord NDSolve::ndord NDSolveValue::ndord ParametricNDSolve::ndord ParametricNDSolveValue::ndord NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndord
- [DSolve::nestdv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/nestdv.en.md): DSolve::nestdv NDSolve::nestdv NDSolveValue::nestdv ParametricNDSolve::nestdv ParametricNDSolveValue::nestdv RSolve::nestdv
- [DSolve::nlpde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/nlpde.en.md): DSolve::nlpde
- [DSolve::nolist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/nolist.en.md): DSolve::nolist
- [DSolve::overdet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/overdet.en.md): DSolve::overdet NDSolve::overdet NDSolveValue::overdet ParametricNDSolve::overdet ParametricNDSolveValue::overdet RSolve::overdet
- [DSolve::pde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/pde.en.md): DSolve::pde
- [DSolve::pdord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/pdord.en.md): DSolve::pdord
- [DSolve::underdet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DSolve/underdet.en.md): DSolve::underdet NDSolve::underdet NDSolveValue::underdet ParametricNDSolve::underdet ParametricNDSolveValue::underdet RSolve::underdet

#### DumpGet

- [DumpGet::bgbf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpGet/bgbf.en.md): DumpGet::bgbf
- [DumpGet::bgchk](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpGet/bgchk.en.md): DumpGet::bgchk
- [DumpGet::bgcor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpGet/bgcor.en.md): DumpGet::bgcor
- [DumpGet::bgnew](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpGet/bgnew.en.md): DumpGet::bgnew
- [DumpGet::valwarn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpGet/valwarn.en.md): DumpGet::valwarn

#### DumpSave

- [DumpSave::bschk](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpSave/bschk.en.md): DumpSave::bschk
- [DumpSave::bsnosym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpSave/bsnosym.en.md): DumpSave::bsnosym
- [DumpSave::outref](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/DumpSave/outref.en.md): DumpSave::outref

#### Eigensystem

- [Eigensystem::nofeast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Eigensystem/nofeast.en.md): Eigensystem::nofeast Eigenvalues::nofeast Eigenvectors::nofeast

#### Element

- [Element::bset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Element/bset.en.md): Element::bset

#### Eliminate

- [Eliminate::mode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Eliminate/mode.en.md): Eliminate::mode SolveAlways::mode MainSolve::mode AlgebraicRules::mode

#### EllipticLog

- [EllipticLog::elld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/EllipticLog/elld.en.md): EllipticLog::elld
- [EllipticLog::ellnp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/EllipticLog/ellnp.en.md): EllipticLog::ellnp EllipticExp::ellnp

#### EllipticTheta

- [EllipticTheta::etype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/EllipticTheta/etype.en.md): EllipticTheta::etype EllipticThetaPrime::etype

#### End

- [End::noctx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/End/noctx.en.md): End::noctx EndAdd::noctx EndPackage::noctx

#### Except

- [Except::lenmod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Except/lenmod.en.md): Except::lenmod
- [Except::named](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Except/named.en.md): Except::named

#### ExitDialog

- [ExitDialog::cant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ExitDialog/cant.en.md): ExitDialog::cant

#### Export

- [Export::chtype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/chtype.en.md): Export::chtype Experimental`BinaryExport::chtype Experimental`BinaryImport::chtype
- [Export::createdir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/createdir.en.md): Export::createdir
- [Export::dffsr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/dffsr.en.md): Export::dffsr
- [Export::format](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/format.en.md): Export::format ExportString::format ImportString::format
- [Export::infer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/infer.en.md): Export::infer
- [Export::nofe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/nofe.en.md): Export::nofe
- [Export::nojlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/nojlink.en.md): Export::nojlink
- [Export::nojmem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/nojmem.en.md): Export::nojmem
- [Export::type](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/type.en.md): Export::type
- [Export::unsupfmt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Export/unsupfmt.en.md): Export::unsupfmt Import::unsupfmt

#### ExtendedGCD

- [ExtendedGCD::egcd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ExtendedGCD/egcd.en.md): ExtendedGCD::egcd

#### FaceGrids

- [FaceGrids::fglst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FaceGrids/fglst.en.md): FaceGrids::fglst
- [FaceGrids::fgstl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FaceGrids/fgstl.en.md): FaceGrids::fgstl
- [FaceGrids::gface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FaceGrids/gface.en.md): FaceGrids::gface

#### Factor

- [Factor::facim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Factor/facim.en.md): Factor::facim FactorSquareFree::facim
- [Factor::facmm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Factor/facmm.en.md): Factor::facmm
- [Factor::priml](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Factor/priml.en.md): Factor::priml
- [Factor::ufac](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Factor/ufac.en.md): Factor::ufac FactorSquareFree::ufac

#### FactorInteger

- [FactorInteger::faccp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FactorInteger/faccp.en.md): FactorInteger::faccp
- [FactorInteger::facnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FactorInteger/facnf.en.md): FactorInteger::facnf

#### FindFit

- [FindFit::bdmtd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindFit/bdmtd.en.md): FindFit::bdmtd
- [FindFit::notlm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindFit/notlm.en.md): FindFit::notlm FindMinimum::notlm

#### FindInstance

- [FindInstance::naqs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindInstance/naqs.en.md): FindInstance::naqs Reduce::naqs
- [FindInstance::nddc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindInstance/nddc.en.md): FindInstance::nddc Reduce::nddc Resolve::nddc
- [FindInstance::nric](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindInstance/nric.en.md): FindInstance::nric Reduce::nric Resolve::nric
- [FindInstance::rmod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindInstance/rmod.en.md): FindInstance::rmod Reduce::rmod

#### FindMaximum

- [FindMaximum::bdmtd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMaximum/bdmtd.en.md): FindMaximum::bdmtd FindMinimum::bdmtd
- [FindMaximum::fmgz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMaximum/fmgz.en.md): FindMaximum::fmgz
- [FindMaximum::notlm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMaximum/notlm.en.md): FindMaximum::notlm

#### FindMinimum

- [FindMinimum::bbound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/bbound.en.md): FindMinimum::bbound FindMaximum::bbound FindFit::bbound FindRoot::bbound
- [FindMinimum::cvmit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/cvmit.en.md): FindMinimum::cvmit FindMaximum::cvmit FindFit::cvmit FindRoot::cvmit
- [FindMinimum::fddis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fddis.en.md): FindMinimum::fddis FindMaximum::fddis FindFit::fddis FindRoot::fddis
- [FindMinimum::fdin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fdin.en.md): FindMinimum::fdin FindMaximum::fdin FindFit::fdin FindRoot::fdin
- [FindMinimum::fdss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fdss.en.md): FindMinimum::fdss FindMaximum::fdss FindRoot::fdss
- [FindMinimum::fdvc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fdvc.en.md): FindMinimum::fdvc FindMaximum::fdvc FindFit::fdvc FindRoot::fdvc
- [FindMinimum::fmdig](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmdig.en.md): FindMinimum::fmdig FindMaximum::fmdig FindFit::fmdig
- [FindMinimum::fmgl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmgl.en.md): FindMinimum::fmgl FindMaximum::fmgl FindFit::fmgl
- [FindMinimum::fmgs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmgs.en.md): FindMinimum::fmgs FindMaximum::fmgs FindFit::fmgs
- [FindMinimum::fmgz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmgz.en.md): FindMinimum::fmgz FindFit::fmgz
- [FindMinimum::fmhs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmhs.en.md): FindMinimum::fmhs FindMaximum::fmhs FindFit::fmhs
- [FindMinimum::fmmp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmmp.en.md): FindMinimum::fmmp FindMaximum::fmmp FindFit::fmmp
- [FindMinimum::fmwar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/fmwar.en.md): FindMinimum::fmwar FindMaximum::fmwar FindFit::fmwar
- [FindMinimum::lstol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/lstol.en.md): FindMinimum::lstol
- [FindMinimum::reged](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/reged.en.md): FindMinimum::reged FindMaximum::reged FindFit::reged FindRoot::reged
- [FindMinimum::regex1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/regex1.en.md): FindMinimum::regex1 FindMaximum::regex1 FindFit::regex1 FindRoot::regex1
- [FindMinimum::regex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindMinimum/regex.en.md): FindMinimum::regex FindMaximum::regex FindFit::regex FindRoot::regex

#### FindRoot

- [FindRoot::dfmin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/dfmin.en.md): FindRoot::dfmin
- [FindRoot::fdst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/fdst.en.md): FindRoot::fdst FindMinimum::fdst FindMaximum::fdst FindFit::fdst
- [FindRoot::frdig](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/frdig.en.md): FindRoot::frdig
- [FindRoot::frmp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/frmp.en.md): FindRoot::frmp
- [FindRoot::frns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/frns.en.md): FindRoot::frns
- [FindRoot::jsing1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/jsing1.en.md): FindRoot::jsing1
- [FindRoot::jsing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/jsing.en.md): FindRoot::jsing
- [FindRoot::lstol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/lstol.en.md): FindRoot::lstol
- [FindRoot::zdamp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FindRoot/zdamp.en.md): FindRoot::zdamp

#### FiniteDifferenceDerivative

- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::aord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/aord.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::aord
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::conw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/conw.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::conw
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::deriv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/deriv.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::deriv
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::grid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/grid.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::grid
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::ldim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/ldim.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::ldim
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::ordred](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/ordred.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::ordred
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::per](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/per.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::per
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::spc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/spc.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::spc
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::spu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivative/spu.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivative::spu

#### FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction

- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction::ddim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction/ddim.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction::ddim
- [NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction::spnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction/spnum.en.md): NDSolve`FiniteDifferenceDerivativeFunction::spnum

#### First

- [First::first](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/First/first.en.md): First::first

#### Fit

- [Fit::fitc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Fit/fitc.en.md): Fit::fitc FindFit::fitc
- [Fit::fitd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Fit/fitd.en.md): Fit::fitd FindFit::fitd
- [Fit::fitm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Fit/fitm.en.md): Fit::fitm FindFit::fitm

#### FlattenAt

- [FlattenAt::flatp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FlattenAt/flatp.en.md): FlattenAt::flatp

#### Format

- [Format::forml](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Format/forml.en.md): Format::forml ToBoxForm::forml
- [Format::fttp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Format/fttp.en.md): Format::fttp
- [Format::lcont](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Format/lcont.en.md): Format::lcont
- [Format::toobig](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Format/toobig.en.md): Format::toobig

#### FormatType

- [FormatType::ftype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FormatType/ftype.en.md): FormatType::ftype

#### Fourier

- [Fourier::fftl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Fourier/fftl.en.md): Fourier::fftl InverseFourier::fftl
- [Fourier::fpopt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Fourier/fpopt.en.md): Fourier::fpopt InverseFourier::fpopt

#### FrameLabel

- [FrameLabel::fmlab](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FrameLabel/fmlab.en.md): FrameLabel::fmlab

#### FromDigits

- [FromDigits::nlst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FromDigits/nlst.en.md): FromDigits::nlst

#### FrontEndObject

- [FrontEndObject::notavail](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FrontEndObject/notavail.en.md): FrontEndObject::notavail

#### FullSimplify

- [FullSimplify::cfn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FullSimplify/cfn.en.md): FullSimplify::cfn Simplify::cfn
- [FullSimplify::timc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FullSimplify/timc.en.md): FullSimplify::timc TimeConstrained::timc Simplify::timc Refine::timc PiecewiseExpand::timc
- [FullSimplify::time](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FullSimplify/time.en.md): FullSimplify::time Simplify::time

#### Function

- [Function::attf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/attf.en.md): Function::attf
- [Function::fdup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/fdup.en.md): Function::fdup Compile::fdup
- [Function::fdups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/fdups.en.md): Function::fdups
- [Function::flpar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/flpar.en.md): Function::flpar
- [Function::fpct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/fpct.en.md): Function::fpct
- [Function::slot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/slot.en.md): Function::slot
- [Function::slotn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/slotn.en.md): Function::slotn
- [Function::slotp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/slotp.en.md): Function::slotp
- [Function::slots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Function/slots.en.md): Function::slots

#### FunctionInterpolation

- [FunctionInterpolation::accg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/accg.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::accg
- [FunctionInterpolation::argdim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/argdim.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::argdim
- [FunctionInterpolation::ncvb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/ncvb.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::ncvb
- [FunctionInterpolation::npts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/npts.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::npts
- [FunctionInterpolation::nreal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/nreal.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::nreal
- [FunctionInterpolation::precg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/precg.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::precg
- [FunctionInterpolation::range](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/FunctionInterpolation/range.en.md): FunctionInterpolation::range

#### Gamma

- [Gamma::gamc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Gamma/gamc.en.md): Gamma::gamc

#### General

- [General::accg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/accg.en.md): General::accg
- [General::altel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/altel.en.md): General::altel
- [General::altno](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/altno.en.md): General::altno
- [General::aofil](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/aofil.en.md): General::aofil
- [General::argb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argb.en.md): General::argb
- [General::argbu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argbu.en.md): General::argbu
- [General::argct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argct.en.md): General::argct
- [General::argctu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argctu.en.md): General::argctu
- [General::argf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argf.en.md): General::argf
- [General::argm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argm.en.md): General::argm
- [General::argmu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argmu.en.md): General::argmu
- [General::argt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argt.en.md): General::argt
- [General::argtu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argtu.en.md): General::argtu
- [General::argx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/argx.en.md): General::argx
- [General::autoload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/autoload.en.md): General::autoload
- [General::badsys1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/badsys1.en.md): General::badsys1
- [General::badsys2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/badsys2.en.md): General::badsys2
- [General::badsys3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/badsys3.en.md): General::badsys3
- [General::badsys4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/badsys4.en.md): General::badsys4
- [General::base](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/base.en.md): General::base
- [General::bass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/bass.en.md): General::bass
- [General::bebal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/bebal.en.md): General::bebal
- [General::blnoval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/blnoval.en.md): General::blnoval
- [General::bmod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/bmod.en.md): General::bmod
- [General::bool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/bool.en.md): General::bool
- [General::boxfmt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/boxfmt.en.md): General::boxfmt
- [General::cadpr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/cadpr.en.md): General::cadpr
- [General::cas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/cas.en.md): General::cas
- [General::cdir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/cdir.en.md): General::cdir
- [General::cfail](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/cfail.en.md): General::cfail
- [General::colfun1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/colfun1.en.md): General::colfun1
- [General::colfun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/colfun.en.md): General::colfun
- [General::color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/color.en.md): General::color
- [General::cxls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/cxls.en.md): General::cxls
- [General::cxt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/cxt.en.md): General::cxt
- [General::dblk](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/dblk.en.md): General::dblk
- [General::digit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/digit.en.md): General::digit
- [General::dirdep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/dirdep.en.md): General::dirdep
- [General::divz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/divz.en.md): General::divz
- [General::dupv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/dupv.en.md): General::dupv
- [General::eival](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/eival.en.md): General::eival
- [General::eivec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/eivec.en.md): General::eivec
- [General::eivn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/eivn.en.md): General::eivn
- [General::enable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/enable.en.md): General::enable
- [General::estep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/estep.en.md): General::estep
- [General::exact](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/exact.en.md): General::exact
- [General::fas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/fas.en.md): General::fas
- [General::filro](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/filro.en.md): General::filro
- [General::fmtval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/fmtval.en.md): General::fmtval
- [General::fnsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/fnsym.en.md): General::fnsym
- [General::fstr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/fstr.en.md): General::fstr
- [General::globm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/globm.en.md): General::globm
- [General::gprim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/gprim.en.md): General::gprim
- [General::hdiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/hdiv.en.md): General::hdiv
- [General::heads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/heads.en.md): General::heads
- [General::hmdir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/hmdir.en.md): General::hmdir
- [General::ifexp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ifexp.en.md): General::ifexp
- [General::ifpa](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ifpa.en.md): General::ifpa
- [General::ilsmn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ilsmn.en.md): General::ilsmn
- [General::ilsmp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ilsmp.en.md): General::ilsmp
- [General::indet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/indet.en.md): General::indet
- [General::inf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/inf.en.md): General::inf
- [General::infy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/infy.en.md): General::infy
- [General::initstate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/initstate.en.md): General::initstate
- [General::innf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/innf.en.md): General::innf
- [General::int](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/int.en.md): General::int
- [General::intm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/intm.en.md): General::intm
- [General::intnm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/intnm.en.md): General::intnm
- [General::intnz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/intnz.en.md): General::intnz
- [General::ioarg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ioarg.en.md): General::ioarg
- [General::ioerr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ioerr.en.md): General::ioerr
- [General::iopf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/iopf.en.md): General::iopf
- [General::iopnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/iopnf.en.md): General::iopnf
- [General::iopnm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/iopnm.en.md): General::iopnm
- [General::ioppf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ioppf.en.md): General::ioppf
- [General::ipnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ipnf.en.md): General::ipnf
- [General::ipnfm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ipnfm.en.md): General::ipnfm
- [General::isdir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/isdir.en.md): General::isdir
- [General::iterb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/iterb.en.md): General::iterb
- [General::itflrw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/itflrw.en.md): General::itflrw
- [General::itform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/itform.en.md): General::itform
- [General::itraw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/itraw.en.md): General::itraw
- [General::ittag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ittag.en.md): General::ittag
- [General::ivar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ivar.en.md): General::ivar
- [General::lconv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/lconv.en.md): General::lconv
- [General::level](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/level.en.md): General::level
- [General::list](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/list.en.md): General::list
- [General::longp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/longp.en.md): General::longp
- [General::lrgexp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/lrgexp.en.md): General::lrgexp
- [General::lslc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/lslc.en.md): General::lslc
- [General::lspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/lspec.en.md): General::lspec
- [General::luc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/luc.en.md): General::luc
- [General::markset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/markset.en.md): General::markset
- [General::matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/matrix.en.md): General::matrix
- [General::matsq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/matsq.en.md): General::matsq
- [General::mbox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/mbox.en.md): General::mbox
- [General::mbrpos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/mbrpos.en.md): General::mbrpos
- [General::mext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/mext.en.md): General::mext
- [General::mindet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/mindet.en.md): General::mindet
- [General::modgp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/modgp.en.md): General::modgp
- [General::modint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/modint.en.md): General::modint
- [General::modm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/modm.en.md): General::modm
- [General::modn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/modn.en.md): General::modn
- [General::modp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/modp.en.md): General::modp
- [General::mult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/mult.en.md): General::mult
- [General::munfl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/munfl.en.md): General::munfl
- [General::nalg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nalg.en.md): General::nalg
- [General::naobj](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/naobj.en.md): General::naobj
- [General::newsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/newsym.en.md): General::newsym
- [General::nffil](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nffil.en.md): General::nffil
- [General::njnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/njnum.en.md): General::njnum
- [General::nlist3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nlist3.en.md): General::nlist3
- [General::nmod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nmod.en.md): General::nmod
- [General::noinfo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/noinfo.en.md): General::noinfo
- [General::nonopt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nonopt.en.md): General::nonopt
- [General::noopen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/noopen.en.md): General::noopen
- [General::nord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nord.en.md): General::nord
- [General::normal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/normal.en.md): General::normal
- [General::nosym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nosym.en.md): General::nosym
- [General::notfound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/notfound.en.md): General::notfound
- [General::notnorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/notnorm.en.md): General::notnorm
- [General::notstr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/notstr.en.md): General::notstr
- [General::noval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/noval.en.md): General::noval
- [General::npad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/npad.en.md): General::npad
- [General::npoly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/npoly.en.md): General::npoly
- [General::npolys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/npolys.en.md): General::npolys
- [General::npt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/npt.en.md): General::npt
- [General::nsgn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nsgn.en.md): General::nsgn
- [General::nspr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nspr.en.md): General::nspr
- [General::nupf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/nupf.en.md): General::nupf
- [General::openr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/openr.en.md): General::openr
- [General::openw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/openw.en.md): General::openw
- [General::openx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/openx.en.md): General::openx
- [General::opset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/opset.en.md): General::opset
- [General::opstl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/opstl.en.md): General::opstl
- [General::optb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/optb.en.md): General::optb
- [General::optrs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/optrs.en.md): General::optrs
- [General::opttfa](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/opttfa.en.md): General::opttfa
- [General::opttf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/opttf.en.md): General::opttf
- [General::optx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/optx.en.md): General::optx
- [General::ovfl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ovfl.en.md): General::ovfl
- [General::par](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/par.en.md): General::par
- [General::partd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/partd.en.md): General::partd
- [General::partw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/partw.en.md): General::partw
- [General::patop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/patop.en.md): General::patop
- [General::plln](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/plln.en.md): General::plln
- [General::poly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/poly.en.md): General::poly
- [General::polyx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/polyx.en.md): General::polyx
- [General::precbd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/precbd.en.md): General::precbd
- [General::precg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/precg.en.md): General::precg
- [General::preclg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/preclg.en.md): General::preclg
- [General::precsm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/precsm.en.md): General::precsm
- [General::precw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/precw.en.md): General::precw
- [General::primm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/primm.en.md): General::primm
- [General::prims](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/prims.en.md): General::prims
- [General::privv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/privv.en.md): General::privv
- [General::pspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/pspec.en.md): General::pspec
- [General::punpack1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/punpack1.en.md): General::punpack1
- [General::punpack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/punpack.en.md): General::punpack
- [General::pvec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/pvec.en.md): General::pvec
- [General::readp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/readp.en.md): General::readp
- [General::real](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/real.en.md): General::real
- [General::remote](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/remote.en.md): General::remote
- [General::rep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/rep.en.md): General::rep
- [General::rnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/rnum.en.md): General::rnum
- [General::rvalue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/rvalue.en.md): General::rvalue
- [General::scalar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/scalar.en.md): General::scalar
- [General::seqs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/seqs.en.md): General::seqs
- [General::setp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/setp.en.md): General::setp
- [General::setps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/setps.en.md): General::setps
- [General::shdwcor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/shdwcor.en.md): General::shdwcor
- [General::shdw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/shdw.en.md): General::shdw
- [General::sing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/sing.en.md): General::sing
- [General::spell1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/spell1.en.md): General::spell1
- [General::spell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/spell.en.md): General::spell
- [General::ssle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/ssle.en.md): General::ssle
- [General::stop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/stop.en.md): General::stop
- [General::stream](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/stream.en.md): General::stream
- [General::strmi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/strmi.en.md): General::strmi
- [General::strml](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/strml.en.md): General::strml
- [General::strmn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/strmn.en.md): General::strmn
- [General::strse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/strse.en.md): General::strse
- [General::strs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/strs.en.md): General::strs
- [General::sym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/sym.en.md): General::sym
- [General::sysffmpeg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/sysffmpeg.en.md): General::sysffmpeg
- [General::sysfile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/sysfile.en.md): General::sysfile
- [General::sysname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/sysname.en.md): General::sysname
- [General::systrg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/systrg.en.md): General::systrg
- [General::tag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/tag.en.md): General::tag
- [General::tma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/tma.en.md): General::tma
- [General::tol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/tol.en.md): General::tol
- [General::trace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/trace.en.md): General::trace
- [General::unfl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/unfl.en.md): General::unfl
- [General::uniopen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/uniopen.en.md): General::uniopen
- [General::unuser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/unuser.en.md): General::unuser
- [General::vector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/vector.en.md): General::vector
- [General::write](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/write.en.md): General::write
- [General::wrsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/wrsym.en.md): General::wrsym
- [General::zval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/General/zval.en.md): General::zval

#### Get

- [Get::enkey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Get/enkey.en.md): Get::enkey
- [Get::notencode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Get/notencode.en.md): Get::notencode
- [Get::path](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Get/path.en.md): Get::path

#### Goto

- [Goto::nolabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Goto/nolabel.en.md): Goto::nolabel

#### Graphics

- [Graphics::gpt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics/gpt.en.md): Graphics::gpt
- [Graphics::gptn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics/gptn.en.md): Graphics::gptn
- [Graphics::hue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics/hue.en.md): Graphics::hue
- [Graphics::realp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics/realp.en.md): Graphics::realp
- [Graphics::realu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics/realu.en.md): Graphics::realu

#### Graphics3D

- [Graphics3D::ambnt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/ambnt.en.md): Graphics3D::ambnt
- [Graphics3D::boxz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/boxz.en.md): Graphics3D::boxz
- [Graphics3D::gsing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/gsing.en.md): Graphics3D::gsing Plot3D::gsing
- [Graphics3D::gsort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/gsort.en.md): Graphics3D::gsort
- [Graphics3D::lights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/lights.en.md): Graphics3D::lights
- [Graphics3D::ltcol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/ltcol.en.md): Graphics3D::ltcol
- [Graphics3D::p3mat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/p3mat.en.md): Graphics3D::p3mat
- [Graphics3D::psvf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Graphics3D/psvf.en.md): Graphics3D::psvf

#### GraphicsArray

- [GraphicsArray::arrsp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GraphicsArray/arrsp.en.md): GraphicsArray::arrsp
- [GraphicsArray::prim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GraphicsArray/prim.en.md): GraphicsArray::prim

#### GridLines

- [GridLines::grid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GridLines/grid.en.md): GridLines::grid

#### GroebnerBasis

- [GroebnerBasis::badcf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/badcf.en.md): GroebnerBasis::badcf PolynomialReduce::badcf GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::badcf GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::badcf
- [GroebnerBasis::coef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/coef.en.md): GroebnerBasis::coef PolynomialReduce::coef GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::coef GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::coef
- [GroebnerBasis::elmvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/elmvar.en.md): GroebnerBasis::elmvar PolynomialReduce::elmvar GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::elmvar GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::elmvar
- [GroebnerBasis::fltgb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/fltgb.en.md): GroebnerBasis::fltgb PolynomialReduce::fltgb GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::fltgb GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::fltgb
- [GroebnerBasis::intgb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/intgb.en.md): GroebnerBasis::intgb PolynomialReduce::intgb GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::intgb GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::intgb
- [GroebnerBasis::mnmord1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/mnmord1.en.md): GroebnerBasis::mnmord1 PolynomialReduce::mnmord1 GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::mnmord1 GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::mnmord1
- [GroebnerBasis::mnmord2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/mnmord2.en.md): GroebnerBasis::mnmord2 PolynomialReduce::mnmord2 GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::mnmord2 GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::mnmord2
- [GroebnerBasis::modflt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/modflt.en.md): GroebnerBasis::modflt PolynomialReduce::modflt GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::modflt GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::modflt
- [GroebnerBasis::pdvar2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/pdvar2.en.md): GroebnerBasis::pdvar2 PolynomialReduce::pdvar2 GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::pdvar2 GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::pdvar2
- [GroebnerBasis::poly2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/poly2.en.md): GroebnerBasis::poly2 PolynomialReduce::poly2 Resultant::poly2 Discriminant::poly2 GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::poly2 GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::poly2
- [GroebnerBasis::wgtmat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/wgtmat1.en.md): GroebnerBasis::wgtmat1 PolynomialReduce::wgtmat1 GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::wgtmat1 GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::wgtmat1
- [GroebnerBasis::wgtmat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/GroebnerBasis/wgtmat2.en.md): GroebnerBasis::wgtmat2 PolynomialReduce::wgtmat2 GroebnerBasis`GroebnerWalk`GroebnerWalk::wgtmat2 GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::wgtmat2

#### HermiteDecomposition

- [HermiteDecomposition::latm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/HermiteDecomposition/latm.en.md): HermiteDecomposition::latm LatticeReduce::latm

#### HorizontalForm

- [HorizontalForm::precd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/HorizontalForm/precd.en.md): HorizontalForm::precd VerticalForm::precd

#### Import

- [Import::chtype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/chtype.en.md): Import::chtype
- [Import::fmterr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/fmterr.en.md): Import::fmterr
- [Import::fnfnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/fnfnd.en.md): Import::fnfnd
- [Import::imgsze](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/imgsze.en.md): Import::imgsze
- [Import::nffil](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/nffil.en.md): Import::nffil
- [Import::nodta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/nodta.en.md): Import::nodta
- [Import::nojlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/nojlink.en.md): Import::nojlink
- [Import::nojmem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/nojmem.en.md): Import::nojmem
- [Import::onnxresizeintoutsize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/onnxresizeintoutsize.en.md): Import::onnxresizeintoutsize
- [Import::unsup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Import/unsup.en.md): Import::unsup

#### ImportString

- [ImportString::string](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ImportString/string.en.md): ImportString::string

#### Inequality

- [Inequality::ineq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Inequality/ineq.en.md): Inequality::ineq

#### InequalityInstance

- [Reduce`InequalityInstance::lowpr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InequalityInstance/lowpr.en.md): Reduce`InequalityInstance::lowpr Reduce`ExistsRealQ::lowpr Reduce`ForAllRealQ::lowpr Reduce`ImpliesRealQ::lowpr
- [Reduce`InequalityInstance::nrpi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InequalityInstance/nrpi.en.md): Reduce`InequalityInstance::nrpi SemialgebraicComponentInstances::nrpi Reduce`ExistsRealQ::nrpi Reduce`ForAllRealQ::nrpi Reduce`ImpliesRealQ::nrpi
- [Reduce`InequalityInstance::weak](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InequalityInstance/weak.en.md): Reduce`InequalityInstance::weak Reduce`ExistsRealQ::weak Reduce`ForAllRealQ::weak Reduce`ImpliesRealQ::weak

#### Infix

- [Infix::group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Infix/group.en.md): Infix::group Postfix::group Prefix::group

#### Information

- [Information::basic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Information/basic.en.md): Information::basic
- [Information::nomatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Information/nomatch.en.md): Information::nomatch
- [Information::notfound1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Information/notfound1.en.md): Information::notfound1

#### Inner

- [Inner::incom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Inner/incom.en.md): Inner::incom
- [Inner::inntf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Inner/inntf.en.md): Inner::inntf
- [Inner::nolev](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Inner/nolev.en.md): Inner::nolev

#### Insert

- [Insert::ins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Insert/ins.en.md): Insert::ins

#### IntegerDigits

- [IntegerDigits::ibase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/IntegerDigits/ibase.en.md): IntegerDigits::ibase IntegerExponent::ibase IntegerLength::ibase

#### Integrate

- [Integrate::diffbody](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/diffbody.en.md): Integrate::diffbody
- [Integrate::diffend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/diffend.en.md): Integrate::diffend
- [Integrate::gener](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/gener.en.md): Integrate::gener
- [Integrate::idiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/idiv.en.md): Integrate::idiv
- [Integrate::ilim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/ilim.en.md): Integrate::ilim
- [Integrate::intmul](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/intmul.en.md): Integrate::intmul
- [Integrate::intnest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/intnest.en.md): Integrate::intnest
- [Integrate::malfop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/malfop.en.md): Integrate::malfop
- [Integrate::nodiffd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/nodiffd.en.md): Integrate::nodiffd
- [Integrate::novar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Integrate/novar.en.md): Integrate::novar

#### InterpolatingFunction

- [InterpolatingFunction::dmval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingFunction/dmval.en.md): InterpolatingFunction::dmval
- [InterpolatingFunction::dmvali](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingFunction/dmvali.en.md): InterpolatingFunction::dmvali
- [InterpolatingFunction::dprec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingFunction/dprec.en.md): InterpolatingFunction::dprec
- [InterpolatingFunction::femdmval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingFunction/femdmval.en.md): InterpolatingFunction::femdmval

#### InterpolatingPolynomial

- [InterpolatingPolynomial::ipdup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingPolynomial/ipdup.en.md): InterpolatingPolynomial::ipdup
- [InterpolatingPolynomial::moddata](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingPolynomial/moddata.en.md): InterpolatingPolynomial::moddata
- [InterpolatingPolynomial::poised](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InterpolatingPolynomial/poised.en.md): InterpolatingPolynomial::poised

#### Interpolation

- [Interpolation::inauto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/inauto.en.md): Interpolation::inauto ListInterpolation::inauto
- [Interpolation::incon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/incon.en.md): Interpolation::incon ListInterpolation::incon InterpolatingFunction::incon
- [Interpolation::indat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/indat.en.md): Interpolation::indat ListInterpolation::indat
- [Interpolation::indatg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/indatg.en.md): Interpolation::indatg ListInterpolation::indatg
- [Interpolation::inddp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/inddp.en.md): Interpolation::inddp ListInterpolation::inddp
- [Interpolation::indep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/indep.en.md): Interpolation::indep ListInterpolation::indep InterpolatingFunction::indep
- [Interpolation::inder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/inder.en.md): Interpolation::inder ListInterpolation::inder
- [Interpolation::inhr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/inhr.en.md): Interpolation::inhr ListInterpolation::inhr InterpolatingFunction::inhr
- [Interpolation::innd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/innd.en.md): Interpolation::innd ListInterpolation::innd
- [Interpolation::inord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/inord.en.md): Interpolation::inord ListInterpolation::inord FunctionInterpolation::inord
- [Interpolation::mixedp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/mixedp.en.md): Interpolation::mixedp ListInterpolation::mixedp
- [Interpolation::udeg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interpolation/udeg.en.md): Interpolation::udeg

#### Interrupt

- [Interrupt::dgbgn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interrupt/dgbgn.en.md): Interrupt::dgbgn TraceDialog::dgbgn
- [Interrupt::dgend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interrupt/dgend.en.md): Interrupt::dgend TraceDialog::dgend

#### Interval

- [Interval::nvld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Interval/nvld.en.md): Interval::nvld

#### InverseFunction

- [InverseFunction::ifun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InverseFunction/ifun.en.md): InverseFunction::ifun
- [InverseFunction::noinv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/InverseFunction/noinv.en.md): InverseFunction::noinv

#### Iterate

- [NDSolve`Iterate::sivpd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Iterate/sivpd.en.md): NDSolve`Iterate::sivpd

#### Last

- [Last::nolast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Last/nolast.en.md): Last::nolast

#### LegendreP

- [LegendreP::ltype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LegendreP/ltype.en.md): LegendreP::ltype LegendreQ::ltype

#### Limit

- [Limit::ldir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Limit/ldir.en.md): Limit::ldir
- [Limit::lim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Limit/lim.en.md): Limit::lim
- [Limit::limf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Limit/limf.en.md): Limit::limf

#### LinearProgramming

- [LinearProgramming::cmr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearProgramming/cmr.en.md): LinearProgramming::cmr DualLinearProgramming::cmr ConstrainedMin::cmr ConstrainedMax::cmr
- [LinearProgramming::cmz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearProgramming/cmz.en.md): LinearProgramming::cmz DualLinearProgramming::cmz ConstrainedMin::cmz ConstrainedMax::cmz
- [LinearProgramming::cvr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearProgramming/cvr.en.md): LinearProgramming::cvr DualLinearProgramming::cvr ConstrainedMin::cvr ConstrainedMax::cvr
- [LinearProgramming::lprank2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearProgramming/lprank2.en.md): LinearProgramming::lprank2 DualLinearProgramming::lprank2
- [LinearProgramming::lptol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearProgramming/lptol.en.md): LinearProgramming::lptol DualLinearProgramming::lptol ConstrainedMin::lptol ConstrainedMax::lptol

#### LinearSolve

- [LinearSolve::nolib](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearSolve/nolib.en.md): LinearSolve::nolib
- [LinearSolve::nosol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearSolve/nosol.en.md): LinearSolve::nosol LeastSquares::nosol
- [LinearSolve::rmeth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinearSolve/rmeth.en.md): LinearSolve::rmeth

#### LinkConnect

- [LinkConnect::linkc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkConnect/linkc.en.md): LinkConnect::linkc

#### LinkObject

- [LinkObject::linkd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkObject/linkd.en.md): LinkObject::linkd
- [LinkObject::linkn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkObject/linkn.en.md): LinkObject::linkn
- [LinkObject::linkv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkObject/linkv.en.md): LinkObject::linkv LinkWrite::linkv LinkWriteHeld::linkv
- [LinkObject::linkw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkObject/linkw.en.md): LinkObject::linkw
- [LinkObject::linkx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkObject/linkx.en.md): LinkObject::linkx

#### LinkOpen

- [LinkOpen::linke](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/linke.en.md): LinkOpen::linke
- [LinkOpen::linkh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/linkh.en.md): LinkOpen::linkh
- [LinkOpen::linki](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/linki.en.md): LinkOpen::linki
- [LinkOpen::linkm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/linkm.en.md): LinkOpen::linkm
- [LinkOpen::linknm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/linknm.en.md): LinkOpen::linknm
- [LinkOpen::linkpl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/linkpl.en.md): LinkOpen::linkpl
- [LinkOpen::links](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkOpen/links.en.md): LinkOpen::links

#### LinkRead

- [LinkRead::linkep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkRead/linkep.en.md): LinkRead::linkep

#### LinkWriteHeld

- [LinkWriteHeld::linkhl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LinkWriteHeld/linkhl.en.md): LinkWriteHeld::linkhl

#### ListConvolve

- [ListConvolve::depth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListConvolve/depth.en.md): ListConvolve::depth ListCorrelate::depth
- [ListConvolve::kldims](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListConvolve/kldims.en.md): ListConvolve::kldims ListCorrelate::kldims
- [ListConvolve::nlen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListConvolve/nlen.en.md): ListConvolve::nlen ListCorrelate::nlen
- [ListConvolve::ohp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListConvolve/ohp.en.md): ListConvolve::ohp ListCorrelate::ohp Partition::ohp

#### ListInterpolation

- [ListInterpolation::ingrdm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListInterpolation/ingrdm.en.md): ListInterpolation::ingrdm

#### ListPlay

- [ListPlay::lsamps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListPlay/lsamps.en.md): ListPlay::lsamps
- [ListPlay::silent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ListPlay/silent.en.md): ListPlay::silent

#### LogicalExpand

- [LogicalExpand::elist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LogicalExpand/elist.en.md): LogicalExpand::elist MainSolve::elist Roots::elist ToRules::elist Solve::elist Reduce::elist System`Private`OldReduce::elist Eliminate::elist SolveAlways::elist AlgebraicRules::elist GroebnerBasis::elist PolynomialReduce::elist
- [LogicalExpand::eqf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LogicalExpand/eqf.en.md): LogicalExpand::eqf MainSolve::eqf Roots::eqf ToRules::eqf Solve::eqf Reduce::eqf Eliminate::eqf SolveAlways::eqf AlgebraicRules::eqf GroebnerBasis::eqf PolynomialReduce::eqf GroebnerBasis`DistributedTermsList::eqf System`Private`OldReduce::eqf

#### LUBackSubstitution

- [LUBackSubstitution::bpvt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/LUBackSubstitution/bpvt.en.md): LUBackSubstitution::bpvt

#### MapThread

- [MapThread::mptc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MapThread/mptc.en.md): MapThread::mptc
- [MapThread::mptd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MapThread/mptd.en.md): MapThread::mptd

#### MathieuCharacteristicB

- [MathieuCharacteristicB::zord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MathieuCharacteristicB/zord.en.md): MathieuCharacteristicB::zord

#### MatrixPower

- [MatrixPower::zvec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MatrixPower/zvec.en.md): MatrixPower::zvec MatrixExp::zvec

#### Maximize

- [Maximize::consf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Maximize/consf.en.md): Maximize::consf Minimize::consf Reduce`Infimum::consf Reduce`Supremum::consf
- [Maximize::mixdom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Maximize/mixdom.en.md): Maximize::mixdom Minimize::mixdom Reduce`Infimum::mixdom Reduce`Supremum::mixdom
- [Maximize::objc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Maximize/objc.en.md): Maximize::objc Minimize::objc Reduce`Infimum::objc Reduce`Supremum::objc
- [Maximize::vdom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Maximize/vdom.en.md): Maximize::vdom Minimize::vdom Reduce`Infimum::vdom Reduce`Supremum::vdom
- [Maximize::vlist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Maximize/vlist.en.md): Maximize::vlist Minimize::vlist Reduce`Infimum::vlist Reduce`Supremum::vlist FindInstance::vlist
- [Maximize::wksol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Maximize/wksol.en.md): Maximize::wksol

#### MeijerG

- [MeijerG::rarg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MeijerG/rarg.en.md): MeijerG::rarg

#### MeshStyle

- [MeshStyle::mesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MeshStyle/mesh.en.md): MeshStyle::mesh

#### Message

- [Message::msgl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Message/msgl.en.md): Message::msgl
- [Message::name](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Message/name.en.md): Message::name

#### MessageName

- [MessageName::messg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/MessageName/messg.en.md): MessageName::messg

#### Minimize

- [Minimize::wksol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Minimize/wksol.en.md): Minimize::wksol

#### NDSolve

- [NDSolve::bcart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcart.en.md): NDSolve::bcart NDSolveValue::bcart ParametricNDSolve::bcart ParametricNDSolveValue::bcart
- [NDSolve::bcedge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcedge.en.md): NDSolve::bcedge NDSolveValue::bcedge ParametricNDSolve::bcedge ParametricNDSolveValue::bcedge
- [NDSolve::bcnan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcnan.en.md): NDSolve::bcnan NDSolveValue::bcnan ParametricNDSolve::bcnan ParametricNDSolveValue::bcnan
- [NDSolve::bcnop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcnop.en.md): NDSolve::bcnop NDSolveValue::bcnop ParametricNDSolve::bcnop ParametricNDSolveValue::bcnop NDEigensystem::bcnop NDEigenvalues::bcnop
- [NDSolve::bcnorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcnorm.en.md): NDSolve::bcnorm NDSolveValue::bcnorm ParametricNDSolve::bcnorm ParametricNDSolveValue::bcnorm
- [NDSolve::bcsol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcsol.en.md): NDSolve::bcsol NDSolveValue::bcsol ParametricNDSolve::bcsol ParametricNDSolveValue::bcsol
- [NDSolve::bcuns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bcuns.en.md): NDSolve::bcuns NDSolveValue::bcuns ParametricNDSolve::bcuns ParametricNDSolveValue::bcuns
- [NDSolve::bddo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bddo.en.md): NDSolve::bddo NDSolveValue::bddo ParametricNDSolve::bddo ParametricNDSolveValue::bddo
- [NDSolve::bdord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bdord.en.md): NDSolve::bdord NDSolveValue::bdord ParametricNDSolve::bdord ParametricNDSolveValue::bdord
- [NDSolve::bdstep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bdstep.en.md): NDSolve::bdstep NDSolveValue::bdstep ParametricNDSolve::bdstep ParametricNDSolveValue::bdstep
- [NDSolve::berr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/berr.en.md): NDSolve::berr NDSolveValue::berr ParametricNDSolve::berr ParametricNDSolveValue::berr
- [NDSolve::bvcrat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bvcrat.en.md): NDSolve::bvcrat NDSolveValue::bvcrat ParametricNDSolve::bvcrat ParametricNDSolveValue::bvcrat
- [NDSolve::bvep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bvep.en.md): NDSolve::bvep NDSolveValue::bvep ParametricNDSolve::bvep ParametricNDSolveValue::bvep
- [NDSolve::bw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/bw.en.md): NDSolve::bw NDSolveValue::bw ParametricNDSolve::bw ParametricNDSolveValue::bw
- [NDSolve::chknic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/chknic.en.md): NDSolve::chknic NDSolveValue::chknic ParametricNDSolve::chknic ParametricNDSolveValue::chknic
- [NDSolve::coend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/coend.en.md): NDSolve::coend NDSolveValue::coend ParametricNDSolve::coend ParametricNDSolveValue::coend
- [NDSolve::coexp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/coexp.en.md): NDSolve::coexp NDSolveValue::coexp ParametricNDSolve::coexp ParametricNDSolveValue::coexp
- [NDSolve::depvr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/depvr.en.md): NDSolve::depvr NDSolveValue::depvr ParametricNDSolve::depvr ParametricNDSolveValue::depvr
- [NDSolve::dvnoarg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/dvnoarg.en.md): NDSolve::dvnoarg NDSolveValue::dvnoarg ParametricNDSolve::dvnoarg ParametricNDSolveValue::dvnoarg DSolve::dvnoarg RSolve::dvnoarg
- [NDSolve::eerr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/eerr.en.md): NDSolve::eerr NDSolveValue::eerr ParametricNDSolve::eerr ParametricNDSolveValue::eerr
- [NDSolve::eerri](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/eerri.en.md): NDSolve::eerri NDSolveValue::eerri ParametricNDSolve::eerri ParametricNDSolveValue::eerri
- [NDSolve::eveerr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/eveerr.en.md): NDSolve::eveerr NDSolveValue::eveerr ParametricNDSolve::eveerr ParametricNDSolveValue::eveerr
- [NDSolve::fembcib](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/fembcib.en.md): NDSolve::fembcib NDSolveValue::fembcib ParametricNDSolve::fembcib ParametricNDSolveValue::fembcib NDEigensystem::fembcib NDEigenvalues::fembcib NDSolve`ProcessEquations::fembcib
- [NDSolve::femnodpbc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/femnodpbc.en.md): NDSolve::femnodpbc NDSolveValue::femnodpbc ParametricNDSolve::femnodpbc ParametricNDSolveValue::femnodpbc NDEigensystem::femnodpbc NDEigenvalues::femnodpbc NDSolve`ProcessEquations::femnodpbc
- [NDSolve::femper](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/femper.en.md): NDSolve::femper NDSolveValue::femper ParametricNDSolve::femper ParametricNDSolveValue::femper NDEigensystem::femper NDEigenvalues::femper NDSolve`ProcessEquations::femper
- [NDSolve::ibcinc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ibcinc.en.md): NDSolve::ibcinc NDSolveValue::ibcinc ParametricNDSolve::ibcinc ParametricNDSolveValue::ibcinc
- [NDSolve::icfail](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/icfail.en.md): NDSolve::icfail NDSolveValue::icfail ParametricNDSolve::icfail ParametricNDSolveValue::icfail
- [NDSolve::icorddae](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/icorddae.en.md): NDSolve::icorddae NDSolveValue::icorddae ParametricNDSolve::icorddae ParametricNDSolveValue::icorddae NDSolve`Reinitialize::icorddae
- [NDSolve::icord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/icord.en.md): NDSolve::icord NDSolveValue::icord ParametricNDSolve::icord ParametricNDSolveValue::icord NDSolve`Reinitialize::icord
- [NDSolve::index](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/index.en.md): NDSolve::index NDSolveValue::index ParametricNDSolve::index ParametricNDSolveValue::index
- [NDSolve::indexss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/indexss.en.md): NDSolve::indexss NDSolveValue::indexss ParametricNDSolve::indexss ParametricNDSolveValue::indexss
- [NDSolve::ivcon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ivcon.en.md): NDSolve::ivcon NDSolveValue::ivcon ParametricNDSolve::ivcon ParametricNDSolveValue::ivcon NDSolve`Reinitialize::ivcon
- [NDSolve::ivdae](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ivdae.en.md): NDSolve::ivdae NDSolveValue::ivdae ParametricNDSolve::ivdae ParametricNDSolveValue::ivdae
- [NDSolve::ivone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ivone.en.md): NDSolve::ivone NDSolveValue::ivone ParametricNDSolve::ivone ParametricNDSolveValue::ivone
- [NDSolve::ivres](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ivres.en.md): NDSolve::ivres
- [NDSolve::jpde](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/jpde.en.md): NDSolve::jpde NDSolveValue::jpde ParametricNDSolve::jpde ParametricNDSolveValue::jpde
- [NDSolve::lsf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/lsf.en.md): NDSolve::lsf NDSolveValue::lsf ParametricNDSolve::lsf ParametricNDSolveValue::lsf
- [NDSolve::lsopt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/lsopt.en.md): NDSolve::lsopt NDSolveValue::lsopt ParametricNDSolve::lsopt ParametricNDSolveValue::lsopt
- [NDSolve::mdo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/mdo.en.md): NDSolve::mdo NDSolveValue::mdo ParametricNDSolve::mdo ParametricNDSolveValue::mdo
- [NDSolve::mmpts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/mmpts.en.md): NDSolve::mmpts NDSolveValue::mmpts ParametricNDSolve::mmpts ParametricNDSolveValue::mmpts
- [NDSolve::mrsti](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/mrsti.en.md): NDSolve::mrsti NDSolveValue::mrsti ParametricNDSolve::mrsti ParametricNDSolveValue::mrsti
- [NDSolve::msti](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/msti.en.md): NDSolve::msti NDSolveValue::msti ParametricNDSolve::msti ParametricNDSolveValue::msti
- [NDSolve::mxsst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/mxsst.en.md): NDSolve::mxsst NDSolveValue::mxsst ParametricNDSolve::mxsst ParametricNDSolveValue::mxsst
- [NDSolve::mxst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/mxst.en.md): NDSolve::mxst NDSolveValue::mxst ParametricNDSolve::mxst ParametricNDSolveValue::mxst
- [NDSolve::ndcf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndcf.en.md): NDSolve::ndcf NDSolveValue::ndcf ParametricNDSolve::ndcf ParametricNDSolveValue::ndcf
- [NDSolve::nderr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/nderr.en.md): NDSolve::nderr NDSolveValue::nderr ParametricNDSolve::nderr ParametricNDSolveValue::nderr
- [NDSolve::ndfdmc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndfdmc.en.md): NDSolve::ndfdmc NDSolveValue::ndfdmc ParametricNDSolve::ndfdmc ParametricNDSolveValue::ndfdmc
- [NDSolve::ndincd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndincd.en.md): NDSolve::ndincd NDSolveValue::ndincd ParametricNDSolve::ndincd ParametricNDSolveValue::ndincd NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndincd
- [NDSolve::ndinnt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndinnt.en.md): NDSolve::ndinnt NDSolveValue::ndinnt ParametricNDSolve::ndinnt ParametricNDSolveValue::ndinnt
- [NDSolve::ndlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndlim.en.md): NDSolve::ndlim NDSolveValue::ndlim ParametricNDSolve::ndlim ParametricNDSolveValue::ndlim
- [NDSolve::ndmss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndmss.en.md): NDSolve::ndmss NDSolveValue::ndmss ParametricNDSolve::ndmss ParametricNDSolveValue::ndmss
- [NDSolve::ndnco](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndnco.en.md): NDSolve::ndnco NDSolveValue::ndnco ParametricNDSolve::ndnco ParametricNDSolveValue::ndnco NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndnco
- [NDSolve::ndncov](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndncov.en.md): NDSolve::ndncov NDSolveValue::ndncov ParametricNDSolve::ndncov ParametricNDSolveValue::ndncov NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndncov
- [NDSolve::ndnl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndnl.en.md): NDSolve::ndnl NDSolveValue::ndnl ParametricNDSolve::ndnl ParametricNDSolveValue::ndnl
- [NDSolve::ndnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndnum.en.md): NDSolve::ndnum NDSolveValue::ndnum ParametricNDSolve::ndnum ParametricNDSolveValue::ndnum
- [NDSolve::ndode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndode.en.md): NDSolve::ndode NDSolveValue::ndode ParametricNDSolve::ndode ParametricNDSolveValue::ndode
- [NDSolve::ndsnorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndsnorm.en.md): NDSolve::ndsnorm NDSolveValue::ndsnorm ParametricNDSolve::ndsnorm ParametricNDSolveValue::ndsnorm
- [NDSolve::ndssc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndssc.en.md): NDSolve::ndssc NDSolveValue::ndssc ParametricNDSolve::ndssc ParametricNDSolveValue::ndssc
- [NDSolve::ndsss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndsss.en.md): NDSolve::ndsss NDSolveValue::ndsss ParametricNDSolve::ndsss ParametricNDSolveValue::ndsss
- [NDSolve::ndstf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndstf.en.md): NDSolve::ndstf NDSolveValue::ndstf ParametricNDSolve::ndstf ParametricNDSolveValue::ndstf
- [NDSolve::ndsv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndsv.en.md): NDSolve::ndsv NDSolveValue::ndsv ParametricNDSolve::ndsv ParametricNDSolveValue::ndsv NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndsv
- [NDSolve::ndsz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndsz.en.md): NDSolve::ndsz NDSolveValue::ndsz ParametricNDSolve::ndsz ParametricNDSolveValue::ndsz NDSolve`Iterate::ndsz
- [NDSolve::ndtol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ndtol.en.md): NDSolve::ndtol NDSolveValue::ndtol ParametricNDSolve::ndtol ParametricNDSolveValue::ndtol
- [NDSolve::nerres](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/nerres.en.md): NDSolve::nerres NDSolveValue::nerres ParametricNDSolve::nerres ParametricNDSolveValue::nerres
- [NDSolve::nfnan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/nfnan.en.md): NDSolve::nfnan NDSolveValue::nfnan ParametricNDSolve::nfnan ParametricNDSolveValue::nfnan
- [NDSolve::nodae](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/nodae.en.md): NDSolve::nodae NDSolveValue::nodae ParametricNDSolve::nodae ParametricNDSolveValue::nodae
- [NDSolve::nostep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/nostep.en.md): NDSolve::nostep NDSolveValue::nostep ParametricNDSolve::nostep ParametricNDSolveValue::nostep
- [NDSolve::ntcs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ntcs.en.md): NDSolve::ntcs NDSolveValue::ntcs ParametricNDSolve::ntcs ParametricNDSolveValue::ntcs
- [NDSolve::ntdvdae](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ntdvdae.en.md): NDSolve::ntdvdae NDSolveValue::ntdvdae ParametricNDSolve::ntdvdae ParametricNDSolveValue::ntdvdae
- [NDSolve::ntdv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/ntdv.en.md): NDSolve::ntdv NDSolveValue::ntdv ParametricNDSolve::ntdv ParametricNDSolveValue::ntdv
- [NDSolve::otype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/otype.en.md): NDSolve::otype NDSolveValue::otype ParametricNDSolve::otype ParametricNDSolveValue::otype
- [NDSolve::parpiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/parpiv.en.md): NDSolve::parpiv NDSolveValue::parpiv ParametricNDSolve::parpiv ParametricNDSolveValue::parpiv LinearSolve::parpiv LinearSolveFunction::parpiv
- [NDSolve::pdnbc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/pdnbc.en.md): NDSolve::pdnbc NDSolveValue::pdnbc ParametricNDSolve::pdnbc ParametricNDSolveValue::pdnbc
- [NDSolve::pdord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/pdord.en.md): NDSolve::pdord NDSolveValue::pdord ParametricNDSolve::pdord ParametricNDSolveValue::pdord
- [NDSolve::precw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/precw.en.md): NDSolve::precw NDSolveValue::precw ParametricNDSolve::precw ParametricNDSolveValue::precw
- [NDSolve::rclist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/rclist.en.md): NDSolve::rclist NDSolveValue::rclist ParametricNDSolve::rclist ParametricNDSolveValue::rclist
- [NDSolve::stpmax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/stpmax.en.md): NDSolve::stpmax NDSolveValue::stpmax ParametricNDSolve::stpmax ParametricNDSolveValue::stpmax
- [NDSolve::stpmin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/stpmin.en.md): NDSolve::stpmin NDSolveValue::stpmin ParametricNDSolve::stpmin ParametricNDSolveValue::stpmin
- [NDSolve::stps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/stps.en.md): NDSolve::stps NDSolveValue::stps ParametricNDSolve::stps ParametricNDSolveValue::stps
- [NDSolve::subsp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/subsp.en.md): NDSolve::subsp NDSolveValue::subsp ParametricNDSolve::subsp ParametricNDSolveValue::subsp
- [NDSolve::svnder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/svnder.en.md): NDSolve::svnder NDSolveValue::svnder ParametricNDSolve::svnder ParametricNDSolveValue::svnder
- [NDSolve::tponly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/tponly.en.md): NDSolve::tponly NDSolveValue::tponly ParametricNDSolve::tponly ParametricNDSolveValue::tponly
- [NDSolve::tvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/tvar.en.md): NDSolve::tvar NDSolveValue::tvar ParametricNDSolve::tvar ParametricNDSolveValue::tvar
- [NDSolve::tvic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/tvic.en.md): NDSolve::tvic NDSolveValue::tvic ParametricNDSolve::tvic ParametricNDSolveValue::tvic
- [NDSolve::uniss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/uniss.en.md): NDSolve::uniss NDSolveValue::uniss ParametricNDSolve::uniss ParametricNDSolveValue::uniss
- [NDSolve::vdobj](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NDSolve/vdobj.en.md): NDSolve::vdobj NDSolveValue::vdobj ParametricNDSolve::vdobj ParametricNDSolveValue::vdobj

#### Needs

- [Needs::nocont](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Needs/nocont.en.md): Needs::nocont

#### NestWhile

- [NestWhile::nres](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NestWhile/nres.en.md): NestWhile::nres NestWhileList::nres
- [NestWhile::nwargs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NestWhile/nwargs.en.md): NestWhile::nwargs NestWhileList::nwargs

#### NIntegrate

- [NIntegrate::bdith](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/bdith.en.md): NIntegrate::bdith
- [NIntegrate::bdmcr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/bdmcr.en.md): NIntegrate::bdmcr
- [NIntegrate::bdmtd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/bdmtd.en.md): NIntegrate::bdmtd
- [NIntegrate::cartdim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/cartdim.en.md): NIntegrate::cartdim
- [NIntegrate::crnzo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/crnzo.en.md): NIntegrate::crnzo
- [NIntegrate::deodiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/deodiv.en.md): NIntegrate::deodiv
- [NIntegrate::deoncon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/deoncon.en.md): NIntegrate::deoncon
- [NIntegrate::deorela](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/deorela.en.md): NIntegrate::deorela
- [NIntegrate::deorel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/deorel.en.md): NIntegrate::deorel
- [NIntegrate::eincr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/eincr.en.md): NIntegrate::eincr
- [NIntegrate::eonst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/eonst.en.md): NIntegrate::eonst
- [NIntegrate::grpar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/grpar.en.md): NIntegrate::grpar
- [NIntegrate::inovf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/inovf.en.md): NIntegrate::inovf
- [NIntegrate::inumr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/inumr.en.md): NIntegrate::inumr
- [NIntegrate::mdgen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/mdgen.en.md): NIntegrate::mdgen
- [NIntegrate::minmax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/minmax.en.md): NIntegrate::minmax
- [NIntegrate::ncvb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/ncvb.en.md): NIntegrate::ncvb
- [NIntegrate::ncvi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/ncvi.en.md): NIntegrate::ncvi
- [NIntegrate::ncvs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/ncvs.en.md): NIntegrate::ncvs
- [NIntegrate::nintp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/nintp.en.md): NIntegrate::nintp
- [NIntegrate::nlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/nlim.en.md): NIntegrate::nlim
- [NIntegrate::oscint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/oscint.en.md): NIntegrate::oscint
- [NIntegrate::rnderr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/rnderr.en.md): NIntegrate::rnderr
- [NIntegrate::slwcon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/slwcon.en.md): NIntegrate::slwcon
- [NIntegrate::vars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NIntegrate/vars.en.md): NIntegrate::vars

#### NMaximize

- [NMaximize::cnft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMaximize/cnft.en.md): NMaximize::cnft

#### NMinimize

- [NMinimize::bcons](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/bcons.en.md): NMinimize::bcons NMaximize::bcons
- [NMinimize::bdmtd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/bdmtd.en.md): NMinimize::bdmtd NMaximize::bdmtd
- [NMinimize::belt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/belt.en.md): NMinimize::belt NMaximize::belt
- [NMinimize::cnft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/cnft.en.md): NMinimize::cnft
- [NMinimize::cvdiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/cvdiv.en.md): NMinimize::cvdiv NMaximize::cvdiv
- [NMinimize::elmt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/elmt.en.md): NMinimize::elmt NMaximize::elmt
- [NMinimize::incst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/incst.en.md): NMinimize::incst NMaximize::incst
- [NMinimize::lvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/lvar.en.md): NMinimize::lvar NMaximize::lvar
- [NMinimize::maxit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/maxit.en.md): NMinimize::maxit NMaximize::maxit
- [NMinimize::nosat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/nosat.en.md): NMinimize::nosat NMaximize::nosat
- [NMinimize::nsol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/nsol.en.md): NMinimize::nsol NMaximize::nsol
- [NMinimize::parchange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/parchange.en.md): NMinimize::parchange NMaximize::parchange
- [NMinimize::ubnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NMinimize/ubnd.en.md): NMinimize::ubnd NMaximize::ubnd

#### NotElement

- [NotElement::bset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NotElement/bset.en.md): NotElement::bset

#### NProduct

- [NProduct::emcon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/emcon.en.md): NProduct::emcon NSum::emcon
- [NProduct::istep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/istep.en.md): NProduct::istep NSum::istep
- [NProduct::itfn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/itfn.en.md): NProduct::itfn
- [NProduct::nplim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/nplim.en.md): NProduct::nplim
- [NProduct::npnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/npnum.en.md): NProduct::npnum
- [NProduct::npst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/npst.en.md): NProduct::npst
- [NProduct::npz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NProduct/npz.en.md): NProduct::npz

#### NRoots

- [NRoots::nnumeq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NRoots/nnumeq.en.md): NRoots::nnumeq

#### NSum

- [NSum::itfn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NSum/itfn.en.md): NSum::itfn
- [NSum::nslim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NSum/nslim.en.md): NSum::nslim
- [NSum::nsnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NSum/nsnum.en.md): NSum::nsnum
- [NSum::nsst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NSum/nsst.en.md): NSum::nsst
- [NSum::nsumz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NSum/nsumz.en.md): NSum::nsumz

#### NumberForm

- [NumberForm::sigz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NumberForm/sigz.en.md): NumberForm::sigz

#### NumericQ

- [NumericQ::set](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NumericQ/set.en.md): NumericQ::set
- [NumericQ::unset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/NumericQ/unset.en.md): NumericQ::unset

#### On

- [On::none](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/On/none.en.md): On::none

#### Optional

- [Optional::opdef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Optional/opdef.en.md): Optional::opdef

#### Options

- [Options::opmix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Options/opmix.en.md): Options::opmix
- [Options::opsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Options/opsym.en.md): Options::opsym

#### PadLeft

- [PadLeft::level](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PadLeft/level.en.md): PadLeft::level PadRight::level
- [PadLeft::margin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PadLeft/margin.en.md): PadLeft::margin PadRight::margin

#### ParametricPlot

- [ParametricPlot::plld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ParametricPlot/plld.en.md): ParametricPlot::plld Plot::plld Plot3D::plld ContourPlot::plld DensityPlot::plld ParametricPlot3D::plld Play::plld
- [ParametricPlot::ppts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ParametricPlot/ppts.en.md): ParametricPlot::ppts ContourPlot::ppts DensityPlot::ppts ParametricPlot3D::ppts Plot::ppts Plot3D::ppts

#### ParametricPlot3D

- [ParametricPlot3D::glims](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ParametricPlot3D/glims.en.md): ParametricPlot3D::glims ContourPlot::glims DensityPlot::glims Plot3D::glims
- [ParametricPlot3D::ppx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ParametricPlot3D/ppx.en.md): ParametricPlot3D::ppx

#### ParentForm

- [ParentForm::deflt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ParentForm/deflt.en.md): ParentForm::deflt

#### Partition

- [Partition::ohpdm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Partition/ohpdm.en.md): Partition::ohpdm
- [Partition::pdep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Partition/pdep.en.md): Partition::pdep Developer`PartitionMap::pdep
- [Partition::pttl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Partition/pttl.en.md): Partition::pttl Developer`PartitionMap::pttl

#### Pattern

- [Pattern::nodef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Pattern/nodef.en.md): Pattern::nodef
- [Pattern::patm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Pattern/patm.en.md): Pattern::patm
- [Pattern::patvar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Pattern/patvar.en.md): Pattern::patvar
- [Pattern::patv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Pattern/patv.en.md): Pattern::patv

#### PatternTest

- [PatternTest::ptest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PatternTest/ptest.en.md): PatternTest::ptest

#### Play

- [Play::pfnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Play/pfnum.en.md): Play::pfnum
- [Play::playr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Play/playr.en.md): Play::playr ListPlay::playr
- [Play::plx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Play/plx.en.md): Play::plx
- [Play::sample](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Play/sample.en.md): Play::sample
- [Play::sdep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Play/sdep.en.md): Play::sdep ListPlay::sdep
- [Play::srate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Play/srate.en.md): Play::srate ListPlay::srate

#### PlotRange

- [PlotRange::gtype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PlotRange/gtype.en.md): PlotRange::gtype Show::gtype
- [PlotRange::prng](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PlotRange/prng.en.md): PlotRange::prng

#### PlotRegion

- [PlotRegion::plotr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PlotRegion/plotr.en.md): PlotRegion::plotr

#### PolynomialMod

- [PolynomialMod::coef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PolynomialMod/coef.en.md): PolynomialMod::coef
- [PolynomialMod::polym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PolynomialMod/polym.en.md): PolynomialMod::polym

#### PowerMod

- [PowerMod::ninv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PowerMod/ninv.en.md): PowerMod::ninv
- [PowerMod::pmod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PowerMod/pmod.en.md): PowerMod::pmod

#### PowerModList

- [PowerModList::arg1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PowerModList/arg1.en.md): PowerModList::arg1
- [PowerModList::arg2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PowerModList/arg2.en.md): PowerModList::arg2
- [PowerModList::arg3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PowerModList/arg3.en.md): PowerModList::arg3
- [PowerModList::argrx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PowerModList/argrx.en.md): PowerModList::argrx

#### Prime

- [Prime::largp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Prime/largp.en.md): Prime::largp PrimePi::largp ZetaZero::largp

#### PrimePi

- [PrimePi::nsfmm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/PrimePi/nsfmm.en.md): PrimePi::nsfmm

#### Product

- [Product::prodwarn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Product/prodwarn.en.md): Product::prodwarn

#### Protect

- [Protect::pssl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Protect/pssl.en.md): Protect::pssl

#### QuadraticFundamentalUnit

- [Internal`QuadraticFundamentalUnit::intpp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/QuadraticFundamentalUnit/intpp.en.md): Internal`QuadraticFundamentalUnit::intpp Prime::intpp

#### Random

- [Random::randn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Random/randn.en.md): Random::randn
- [Random::randt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Random/randt.en.md): Random::randt

#### Range

- [Range::range](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Range/range.en.md): Range::range

#### Raster

- [Raster::rslim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Raster/rslim.en.md): Raster::rslim
- [Raster::rsrec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Raster/rsrec.en.md): Raster::rsrec RasterArray::rsrec

#### Read

- [Read::readf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Read/readf.en.md): Read::readf ReadList::readf Skip::readf
- [Read::readn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Read/readn.en.md): Read::readn ReadList::readn Skip::readn
- [Read::readt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Read/readt.en.md): Read::readt ReadList::readt Skip::readt
- [Read::readx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Read/readx.en.md): Read::readx ReadList::readx Skip::readx

#### RealDigits

- [RealDigits::ndig](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RealDigits/ndig.en.md): RealDigits::ndig
- [RealDigits::period](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RealDigits/period.en.md): RealDigits::period
- [RealDigits::rbase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RealDigits/rbase.en.md): RealDigits::rbase MantissaExponent::rbase
- [RealDigits::realx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RealDigits/realx.en.md): RealDigits::realx MantissaExponent::realx

#### Reduce

- [Reduce::bdomv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Reduce/bdomv.en.md): Reduce::bdomv
- [Reduce::ifun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Reduce/ifun.en.md): Reduce::ifun System`Private`OldReduce::ifun MainSolve::ifun AlgebraicRules::ifun
- [Reduce::mdom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Reduce/mdom.en.md): Reduce::mdom FindInstance::mdom
- [Reduce::ratnz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Reduce/ratnz.en.md): Reduce::ratnz

#### Reinitialize

- [NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndincb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Reinitialize/ndincb.en.md): NDSolve`Reinitialize::ndincb

#### Remove

- [Remove::relex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/relex.en.md): Remove::relex
- [Remove::remal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/remal.en.md): Remove::remal
- [Remove::rmlck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/rmlck.en.md): Remove::rmlck
- [Remove::rmnsm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/rmnsm.en.md): Remove::rmnsm
- [Remove::rmptc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/rmptc.en.md): Remove::rmptc
- [Remove::spsym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/spsym.en.md): Remove::spsym
- [Remove::ssym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Remove/ssym.en.md): Remove::ssym

#### RenameFile

- [RenameFile::renfd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RenameFile/renfd.en.md): RenameFile::renfd

#### Replace

- [Replace::erep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Replace/erep.en.md): Replace::erep
- [Replace::reps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Replace/reps.en.md): Replace::reps ReplaceAll::reps ReplaceRepeated::reps ReplaceList::reps ReplacePart::reps
- [Replace::rmix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Replace/rmix.en.md): Replace::rmix ReplaceAll::rmix ReplaceRepeated::rmix ReplaceList::rmix

#### ReplacePart

- [ReplacePart::psl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ReplacePart/psl.en.md): ReplacePart::psl ReplaceHeldPart::psl MapAt::psl Delete::psl FlattenAt::psl Insert::psl StringInsert::psl StringReplacePart::psl Extract::psl

#### ReplaceRepeated

- [ReplaceRepeated::rrlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ReplaceRepeated/rrlim.en.md): ReplaceRepeated::rrlim

#### ResetDirectory

- [ResetDirectory::dtop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ResetDirectory/dtop.en.md): ResetDirectory::dtop

#### Resolve

- [Resolve::bddom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Resolve/bddom.en.md): Resolve::bddom FindInstance::bddom

#### Rest

- [Rest::norest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Rest/norest.en.md): Rest::norest

#### Return

- [Return::nofsdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Return/nofsdd.en.md): Return::nofsdd

#### Root

- [Root::amb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/amb.en.md): Root::amb
- [Root::deg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/deg.en.md): Root::deg
- [Root::mdeg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/mdeg.en.md): Root::mdeg
- [Root::npoly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/npoly.en.md): Root::npoly
- [Root::nup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/nup.en.md): Root::nup
- [Root::rnv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/rnv.en.md): Root::rnv
- [Root::var](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Root/var.en.md): Root::var

#### Roots

- [Roots::badmod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Roots/badmod.en.md): Roots::badmod
- [Roots::eqn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Roots/eqn.en.md): Roots::eqn NRoots::eqn
- [Roots::lexp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Roots/lexp.en.md): Roots::lexp
- [Roots::neq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Roots/neq.en.md): Roots::neq NRoots::neq

#### RootSum

- [RootSum::pfn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RootSum/pfn.en.md): RootSum::pfn

#### RotateLeft

- [RotateLeft::rotate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RotateLeft/rotate.en.md): RotateLeft::rotate RotateRight::rotate
- [RotateLeft::rspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RotateLeft/rspec.en.md): RotateLeft::rspec RotateRight::rspec

#### RSolve

- [RSolve::deqx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RSolve/deqx.en.md): RSolve::deqx
- [RSolve::pdord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/RSolve/pdord.en.md): RSolve::pdord

#### Rule

- [Rule::rhs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Rule/rhs.en.md): Rule::rhs RuleDelayed::rhs

#### Run

- [Run::shell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Run/shell.en.md): Run::shell

#### Save

- [Save::wtype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Save/wtype.en.md): Save::wtype

#### SchurDecomposition

- [SchurDecomposition::schurf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SchurDecomposition/schurf.en.md): SchurDecomposition::schurf HessenbergDecomposition::schurf Internal`OrderedSchurDecomposition::schurf
- [SchurDecomposition::schurn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SchurDecomposition/schurn.en.md): SchurDecomposition::schurn HessenbergDecomposition::schurn Internal`OrderedSchurDecomposition::schurn

#### SeedRandom

- [SeedRandom::seed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeedRandom/seed.en.md): SeedRandom::seed

#### Series

- [Series::icm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/icm.en.md): Series::icm
- [Series::lss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/lss.en.md): Series::lss
- [Series::nmer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/nmer.en.md): Series::nmer
- [Series::sbyc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/sbyc.en.md): Series::sbyc
- [Series::serlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/serlim.en.md): Series::serlim
- [Series::sspec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/sspec.en.md): Series::sspec PadeApproximant::sspec
- [Series::vcnt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Series/vcnt.en.md): Series::vcnt

#### SeriesData

- [SeriesData::csa](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/csa.en.md): SeriesData::csa
- [SeriesData::scmn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/scmn.en.md): SeriesData::scmn
- [SeriesData::scmp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/scmp.en.md): SeriesData::scmp
- [SeriesData::sdatc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/sdatc.en.md): SeriesData::sdatc
- [SeriesData::sdatd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/sdatd.en.md): SeriesData::sdatd
- [SeriesData::sdatn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/sdatn.en.md): SeriesData::sdatn
- [SeriesData::sdatv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/sdatv.en.md): SeriesData::sdatv
- [SeriesData::slnc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/slnc.en.md): SeriesData::slnc
- [SeriesData::ssdn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SeriesData/ssdn.en.md): SeriesData::ssdn

#### Set

- [Set::inset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Set/inset.en.md): Set::inset
- [Set::patset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Set/patset.en.md): Set::patset
- [Set::setraw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Set/setraw.en.md): Set::setraw SetDelayed::setraw UpSet::setraw UpSetDelayed::setraw TagSet::setraw TagSetDelayed::setraw
- [Set::setrpt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Set/setrpt.en.md): Set::setrpt SetDelayed::setrpt UpSet::setrpt UpSetDelayed::setrpt TagSet::setrpt TagSetDelayed::setrpt
- [Set::shape](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Set/shape.en.md): Set::shape SetDelayed::shape

#### SetAccuracy

- [SetAccuracy::acclg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SetAccuracy/acclg.en.md): SetAccuracy::acclg
- [SetAccuracy::accsm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SetAccuracy/accsm.en.md): SetAccuracy::accsm

#### SetFileDate

- [SetFileDate::fdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SetFileDate/fdate.en.md): SetFileDate::fdate

#### SetOptions

- [SetOptions::optf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SetOptions/optf.en.md): SetOptions::optf
- [SetOptions::sstm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SetOptions/sstm.en.md): SetOptions::sstm

#### SetStreamPosition

- [SetStreamPosition::stmrng](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SetStreamPosition/stmrng.en.md): SetStreamPosition::stmrng

#### Short

- [Short::short](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Short/short.en.md): Short::short

#### Show

- [Show::gcomb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Show/gcomb.en.md): Show::gcomb
- [Show::shx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Show/shx.en.md): Show::shx

#### Simplex

- [Optimization`LinearProgramming`Simplex::lpsnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Simplex/lpsnf.en.md): Optimization`LinearProgramming`Simplex::lpsnf ConstrainedMax::lpsnf ConstrainedMin::lpsnf LinearProgramming::lpsnf DualLinearProgramming::lpsnf

#### Simplify

- [Simplify::infd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Simplify/infd.en.md): Simplify::infd FullSimplify::infd

#### Solve

- [Solve::dinv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/dinv.en.md): Solve::dinv Eliminate::dinv Roots::dinv Reduce::dinv System`Private`OldReduce::dinv SolveAlways::dinv GroebnerBasis::dinv PolynomialReduce::dinv MainSolve::dinv AlgebraicRules::dinv
- [Solve::ibool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/ibool.en.md): Solve::ibool Reduce::ibool System`Private`OldReduce::ibool Eliminate::ibool SolveAlways::ibool MainSolve::ibool AlgebraicRules::ibool
- [Solve::ifun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/ifun.en.md): Solve::ifun Eliminate::ifun SolveAlways::ifun
- [Solve::incnst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/incnst.en.md): Solve::incnst
- [Solve::method](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/method.en.md): Solve::method Reduce::method
- [Solve::nsmet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/nsmet.en.md): Solve::nsmet
- [Solve::smod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/smod.en.md): Solve::smod
- [Solve::solex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/solex.en.md): Solve::solex Roots::solex Reduce::solex System`Private`OldReduce::solex Eliminate::solex SolveAlways::solex GroebnerBasis::solex PolynomialReduce::solex MainSolve::solex AlgebraicRules::solex
- [Solve::svars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/svars.en.md): Solve::svars
- [Solve::tdep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/tdep.en.md): Solve::tdep MainSolve::tdep Roots::tdep Reduce::tdep System`Private`OldReduce::tdep Eliminate::tdep SolveAlways::tdep AlgebraicRules::tdep GroebnerBasis::tdep PolynomialReduce::tdep
- [Solve::verif](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Solve/verif.en.md): Solve::verif Reduce::verif System`Private`OldReduce::verif Eliminate::verif MainSolve::verif AlgebraicRules::verif

#### Sound

- [Sound::ssnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Sound/ssnf.en.md): Sound::ssnf
- [Sound::ssnm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Sound/ssnm.en.md): Sound::ssnm

#### Stack

- [Stack::stackx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Stack/stackx.en.md): Stack::stackx

#### StringCases

- [StringCases::meta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringCases/meta.en.md): StringCases::meta StringFreeQ::meta StringSplit::meta StringReplaceList::meta StringPosition::meta StringReplace::meta

#### StringDrop

- [StringDrop::drop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringDrop/drop.en.md): StringDrop::drop

#### StringForm

- [StringForm::sfq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringForm/sfq.en.md): StringForm::sfq
- [StringForm::sfr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringForm/sfr.en.md): StringForm::sfr

#### StringInsert

- [StringInsert::ins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringInsert/ins.en.md): StringInsert::ins StringReplacePart::ins

#### StringReplacePart

- [StringReplacePart::ovlp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringReplacePart/ovlp.en.md): StringReplacePart::ovlp
- [StringReplacePart::repart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringReplacePart/repart.en.md): StringReplacePart::repart
- [StringReplacePart::spos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/StringReplacePart/spos.en.md): StringReplacePart::spos

#### Subscripted

- [Subscripted::subn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Subscripted/subn.en.md): Subscripted::subn
- [Subscripted::subv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Subscripted/subv.en.md): Subscripted::subv
- [Subscripted::subx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Subscripted/subx.en.md): Subscripted::subx

#### Sum

- [Sum::div](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Sum/div.en.md): Sum::div
- [Sum::sumwarn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Sum/sumwarn.en.md): Sum::sumwarn

#### SurfaceColor

- [SurfaceColor::albedo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceColor/albedo.en.md): SurfaceColor::albedo
- [SurfaceColor::shine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceColor/shine.en.md): SurfaceColor::shine
- [SurfaceColor::specl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceColor/specl.en.md): SurfaceColor::specl

#### SurfaceGraphics

- [SurfaceGraphics::clip](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceGraphics/clip.en.md): SurfaceGraphics::clip ArrayPlot::clip
- [SurfaceGraphics::noproj](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceGraphics/noproj.en.md): SurfaceGraphics::noproj Graphics3D::noproj
- [SurfaceGraphics::pmsr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceGraphics/pmsr.en.md): SurfaceGraphics::pmsr DensityGraphics::pmsr ContourGraphics::pmsr
- [SurfaceGraphics::shade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/SurfaceGraphics/shade.en.md): SurfaceGraphics::shade

#### Switch

- [Switch::argct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Switch/argct.en.md): Switch::argct

#### Symbol

- [Symbol::symname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Symbol/symname.en.md): Symbol::symname

#### TableForm

- [TableForm::tfal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TableForm/tfal.en.md): TableForm::tfal
- [TableForm::tfdir](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TableForm/tfdir.en.md): TableForm::tfdir
- [TableForm::tfh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TableForm/tfh.en.md): TableForm::tfh
- [TableForm::tfsp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TableForm/tfsp.en.md): TableForm::tfsp
- [TableForm::wtfsp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TableForm/wtfsp.en.md): TableForm::wtfsp

#### TagSet

- [TagSet::tagnf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TagSet/tagnf.en.md): TagSet::tagnf TagSetDelayed::tagnf TagUnset::tagnf
- [TagSet::tagpos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TagSet/tagpos.en.md): TagSet::tagpos TagSetDelayed::tagpos TagUnset::tagpos

#### Take

- [Take::take](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Take/take.en.md): Take::take Subsets::take Part::take Set::take Internal`BagPart::take

#### Text

- [Text::textn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Text/textn.en.md): Text::textn
- [Text::textz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Text/textz.en.md): Text::textz

#### TextSearch

- [TextSearch::pucsi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TextSearch/pucsi.en.md): TextSearch::pucsi

#### Thread

- [Thread::tdlen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Thread/tdlen.en.md): Thread::tdlen
- [Thread::tpos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Thread/tpos.en.md): Thread::tpos

#### Throw

- [Throw::nocatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Throw/nocatch.en.md): Throw::nocatch

#### Ticks

- [Ticks::ticks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Ticks/ticks.en.md): Ticks::ticks

#### ToColor

- [ToColor::tocol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToColor/tocol.en.md): ToColor::tocol

#### ToDate

- [ToDate::tdn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToDate/tdn.en.md): ToDate::tdn

#### ToExpression

- [ToExpression::esntxb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToExpression/esntxb.en.md): ToExpression::esntxb
- [ToExpression::esntx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToExpression/esntx.en.md): ToExpression::esntx
- [ToExpression::esntxf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToExpression/esntxf.en.md): ToExpression::esntxf
- [ToExpression::esntxi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToExpression/esntxi.en.md): ToExpression::esntxi
- [ToExpression::notstrbox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ToExpression/notstrbox.en.md): ToExpression::notstrbox

#### Trace

- [Trace::tracb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Trace/tracb.en.md): Trace::tracb TraceScan::tracb TracePrint::tracb TraceDialog::tracb
- [Trace::tracd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Trace/tracd.en.md): Trace::tracd TraceScan::tracd TracePrint::tracd TraceDialog::tracd

#### TraceLevel

- [TraceLevel::notrc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/TraceLevel/notrc.en.md): TraceLevel::notrc

#### Transpose

- [Transpose::diagnl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/diagnl.en.md): Transpose::diagnl
- [Transpose::newdims](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/newdims.en.md): Transpose::newdims
- [Transpose::nmtx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/nmtx.en.md): Transpose::nmtx
- [Transpose::perm1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/perm1.en.md): Transpose::perm1
- [Transpose::perm2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/perm2.en.md): Transpose::perm2
- [Transpose::perm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/perm.en.md): Transpose::perm
- [Transpose::tperm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Transpose/tperm.en.md): Transpose::tperm

#### UnAlias

- [UnAlias::alspr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/UnAlias/alspr.en.md): UnAlias::alspr

#### Uninstall

- [Uninstall::unlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Uninstall/unlink.en.md): Uninstall::unlink

#### Union

- [Union::smtst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Union/smtst.en.md): Union::smtst Intersection::smtst Complement::smtst

#### Unique

- [Unique::usym](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Unique/usym.en.md): Unique::usym

#### Unset

- [Unset::cxun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Unset/cxun.en.md): Unset::cxun
- [Unset::norep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Unset/norep.en.md): Unset::norep TagUnset::norep
- [Unset::usraw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Unset/usraw.en.md): Unset::usraw TagUnset::usraw
- [Unset::usrpt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/Unset/usrpt.en.md): Unset::usrpt TagUnset::usrpt

#### ViewCenter

- [ViewCenter::viewc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ViewCenter/viewc.en.md): ViewCenter::viewc

#### ViewPoint

- [ViewPoint::viewp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ViewPoint/viewp.en.md): ViewPoint::viewp

#### ViewVertical

- [ViewVertical::viewv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/ViewVertical/viewv.en.md): ViewVertical::viewv

#### With

- [With::dup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/With/dup.en.md): With::dup Module::dup Block::dup Dialog::dup
- [With::dups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/With/dups.en.md): With::dups Module::dups
- [With::lvw](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/With/lvw.en.md): With::lvw
- [With::lvws](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/With/lvws.en.md): With::lvws

#### $BatchInput

- [$BatchInput::bitf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$BatchInput/bitf.en.md): $BatchInput::bitf

#### $BoxForms

- [$BoxForms::formset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$BoxForms/formset.en.md): $BoxForms::formset

#### $CharacterEncoding

- [$CharacterEncoding::charcode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$CharacterEncoding/charcode.en.md): $CharacterEncoding::charcode Import::charcode ImportString::charcode Export::charcode ExportString::charcode
- [$CharacterEncoding::charfile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$CharacterEncoding/charfile.en.md): $CharacterEncoding::charfile

#### $ContextPath

- [$ContextPath::cxlist](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$ContextPath/cxlist.en.md): $ContextPath::cxlist $Packages::cxlist

#### $HistoryLength

- [$HistoryLength::limset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$HistoryLength/limset.en.md): $HistoryLength::limset

#### $IterationLimit

- [$IterationLimit::aitlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$IterationLimit/aitlim.en.md): $IterationLimit::aitlim
- [$IterationLimit::itlim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$IterationLimit/itlim.en.md): $IterationLimit::itlim
- [$IterationLimit::limset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$IterationLimit/limset.en.md): $IterationLimit::limset $RecursionLimit::limset

#### $Language

- [$Language::noset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$Language/noset.en.md): $Language::noset
- [$Language::notstr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$Language/notstr.en.md): $Language::notstr

#### $MaxPrecision

- [$MaxPrecision::prec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$MaxPrecision/prec.en.md): $MaxPrecision::prec
- [$MaxPrecision::precset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$MaxPrecision/precset.en.md): $MaxPrecision::precset

#### $MaxRootDegree

- [$MaxRootDegree::npi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$MaxRootDegree/npi.en.md): $MaxRootDegree::npi

#### $MinPrecision

- [$MinPrecision::preccon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$MinPrecision/preccon.en.md): $MinPrecision::preccon $MaxPrecision::preccon
- [$MinPrecision::preclck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$MinPrecision/preclck.en.md): $MinPrecision::preclck $MaxPrecision::preclck
- [$MinPrecision::precset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$MinPrecision/precset.en.md): $MinPrecision::precset $MaxExtraPrecision::precset

#### $ModuleNumber

- [$ModuleNumber::modnc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$ModuleNumber/modnc.en.md): $ModuleNumber::modnc
- [$ModuleNumber::set](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$ModuleNumber/set.en.md): $ModuleNumber::set

#### $NumberBits

- [NumericalMath`$NumberBits::realx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$NumberBits/realx.en.md): NumericalMath`$NumberBits::realx

#### $ParentLink

- [$ParentLink::lnset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$ParentLink/lnset.en.md): $ParentLink::lnset
- [$ParentLink::notfe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$ParentLink/notfe.en.md): $ParentLink::notfe

#### $PreRead

- [$PreRead::prstr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$PreRead/prstr.en.md): $PreRead::prstr

#### $RandomState

- [$RandomState::rndst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$RandomState/rndst.en.md): $RandomState::rndst

#### $RecursionLimit

- [$RecursionLimit::reclim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$RecursionLimit/reclim.en.md): $RecursionLimit::reclim

#### $SyntaxHandler

- [$SyntaxHandler::sntxh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/message/$SyntaxHandler/sntxh.en.md): $SyntaxHandler::sntxh

### method

- [Agglomerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Agglomerate.en.md): Agglomerate (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method. Agglomerate is a hierarchical clustering method. Agglomerate works well when clusters have similar densities and are isotropic; however, it can fail when clusters have different sizes and it is sensitive to the choice of the dissimilarity function. The following plots show the results of ...
- [Autoencoder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Autoencoder.en.md): Autoencoder (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using an autoencoder neural net. Autoencoder is a neural net-based dimensionality reduction method. The method learns a low-dimensional representation of data by learning to approximate the identity function using a deep network that has an information bottleneck. Autoencoder works for high-dimensional data (e.g. images), a large number of ...
- [BalloonEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/BalloonEmbedding.en.md): BalloonEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use balloon embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The balloon embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a circle with the center at the parent vertex. The balloon embedding is typically used to lay out tree graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [BipartiteEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/BipartiteEmbedding.en.md): BipartiteEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use bipartite embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The bipartite embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on two parallel lines. The bipartite embedding is typically used to lay out bipartite graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [CircularEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/CircularEmbedding.en.md): CircularEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use circular embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The circular embedding is a graph drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a circle. The circular embedding is typically used to lay out circle graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [CircularMultipartiteEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/CircularMultipartiteEmbedding.en.md): CircularMultipartiteEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use circular multipartite embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The circular multipartite embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on the segments of a circle. The circular embedding is typically used to lay out k-partite graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [ClassDistributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/ClassDistributions.en.md): ClassDistributions (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify. Learn a probability distribution for each class to compute class probabilities. The ClassDistribution method learns a probability distribution for each class by applying LearnDistribution on the examples of this class. When given a new example to classify, the class probabilities of the example are computed by measuring the probability density function (PDF) of the example for each class distribution. More precisely, the ...
- [ContingencyTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/ContingencyTable.en.md): ContingencyTable (Machine Learning Method) Method for LearnDistribution. Use a table to store the probabilities of a nominal vector for each possible outcome. A contingency table models the probability distribution of a nominal vector space by storing a probability value for each possible outcome. If the data is unidimensional, the distribution corresponds to a categorical distribution. The following options can be given: If the data contains numerical values, they are discretized. The ...
- [DBSCAN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/DBSCAN.en.md): DBSCAN (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) is a density-based clustering method where the density is estimated using a neighbor-based approach. DBSCAN works for arbitrary cluster shapes and sizes but requires clusters to have similar densities. ...
- [DecisionTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/DecisionTree.en.md): DecisionTree (Machine Learning Method) Method for Predict, Classify and LearnDistribution. Use a decision tree to model class probabilities, value predictions or probability densities. A decision tree is a flow chart-like structure in which each internal node represents a test on a feature, each branch represents the outcome of the test, and each leaf represents a class distribution, value distribution or probability density. For Classify and Predict, the tree is constructed using the CART ...
- [DiscreteSpiralEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/DiscreteSpiralEmbedding.en.md): DiscreteSpiralEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use discrete spiral embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The discrete spiral embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a discrete spiral. The discrete spiral embedding is typically used to lay out path graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [GaussianMixture](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/GaussianMixture.en.md): GaussianMixture (Machine Learning Method) Method for LearnDistribution, FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Models probability density with a mixture of Gaussian (normal) distributions. In both LearnDistribution and clustering functions, GaussianMixture models the probability density of a numeric space using a mixture of multivariate normal distribution. Each Gaussian is defined by its mean and covariance matrix, as defined in the Multinormal method. For clustering ...
- [GaussianProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/GaussianProcess.en.md): GaussianProcess (Machine Learning Method) Method for Predict. Infers values by conditioning a Gaussian process on the training data. The GaussianProcess method assumes that the function to be modeled has been generated from a Gaussian process. The Gaussian process is defined by its covariance function (also called kernel). In the training phase, the method will estimate the parameters of this covariance function. The Gaussian process is then conditioned on the training data and used to infer ...
- [GradientBoostedTrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/GradientBoostedTrees.en.md): GradientBoostedTrees (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify and Predict. Predict the value or class of an example using an ensemble of decision trees. Trees are trained sequentially following the boosting meta-algorithm. Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique for regression and classification problems that produces a prediction model in the form of an ensemble of trees. Trees are trained sequentially with the goal of compensating the weaknesses of previous trees. The current ...
- [GravityEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/GravityEmbedding.en.md): GravityEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use gravity embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The gravity embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph so that they minimize mechanical, electrical and gravitational energy when each vertex has a charge and a mass and each edge corresponds to a spring. The gravity embedding is typically used to lay out large, complex graphs with a root vertex. Vertices can be embedded in ...
- [GridEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/GridEmbedding.en.md): GridEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use grid embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The grid embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a grid. The grid embedding is typically used to lay out grid graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [Gurobi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Gurobi.en.md): Gurobi (Optimization Method) Gurobi calls the Gurobi optimization solver library. TemplateBox[{Gurobi, {URL[http://gurobi.com], None}, http://gurobi.com, HyperlinkActionRecycled, {HyperlinkActive}, BaseStyle -> {Hyperlink}, HyperlinkAction -> Recycled}, HyperlinkTemplate] is a commercial optimization solver for linear, quadratic, quadratically constrained quadratic and second-order cone problems with real and mixed-integer variables. Visit the following page for information on how to get ...
- [Hadamard](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Hadamard.en.md): Hadamard (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using the Hadamard transformation. Hadamard is a linear dimensionality-reduction method that does not learn from the data. The method projects input data on a lower-dimensional space using a slice of a HadamardMatrix. This method attempts to approximate a random projection. Hadamard is computationally efficient for datasets that have a large ...
- [HighDimensionalEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/HighDimensionalEmbedding.en.md): HighDimensionalEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use high-dimensional embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The high-dimensional embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph in a high-dimensional space, and then project back to two- or three-dimensional space. The high-dimensional embedding is typically used for fast layout of graphs. Vertices can be embedded in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^2 or \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^3. Possible ...
- [HyperbolicRadialEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/HyperbolicRadialEmbedding.en.md): HyperbolicRadialEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use hyperbolic radial embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The hyperbolic radial embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on the Poincaré disk following a circular segment. The hyperbolic radial embedding is typically used to lay out tree-like structured graphs. Vertices can be embedded in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^2. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [HyperbolicSpringEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/HyperbolicSpringEmbedding.en.md): HyperbolicSpringEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use hyperbolic spring embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The hyperbolic spring embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on the Poincaré disk so that they minimize the mechanical energy when each edge corresponds to a spring. The hyperbolic spring embedding is typically used to lay out tree-like structured graphs. The following graph parameters can be given: Possible settings to ...
- [Isomap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Isomap.en.md): Isomap (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using an isometric mapping. Isomap, which stands for isometric mapping, is a nonlinear neighbor-based dimensionality reduction method. The method attempts to find a low-dimensional embedding of data via a transformation that preserves geodesic distances. Isomap is able to learn nonlinear manifolds; however, it gives poor results on boundaries, ...
- [JarvisPatrick](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/JarvisPatrick.en.md): JarvisPatrick (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using Jarvis-Patrick clustering. JarvisPatrick is a neighbor-based clustering method. JarvisPatrick works for arbitrary cluster shapes and sizes. However, it is parameter sensitive, and can fail when clusters have different densities or are loosely connected. The following plots show the results of the JarvisPatrick method applied to toy ...
- [KernelDensityEstimation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/KernelDensityEstimation.en.md): KernelDensityEstimation (Machine Learning Method) Method for LearnDistribution. Models probability density with a mixture of simple distributions. KernelDensityEstimation is a nonparametric method that models the probability density of a numeric space with a mixture of simple distributions (called kernels) centered around each training example, as in KernelMixtureDistribution. The probability density function for a vector x is given by ( 1 ) / ( m h ) UnderoverscriptBox[\\[Sum], RowBox[{i, =, ...
- [KMeans](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/KMeans.en.md): KMeans (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into a specified k clusters of similar elements using a k-means clustering algorithm. KMeans is a classic, simple, centroid-based clustering method. KMeans works when clusters have similar sizes and are locally and isotropically distributed around their centroid. When clusters have very different sizes, are anisotropic, are intertwined, or when outliers are present, it is likely ...
- [KMedoids](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/KMedoids.en.md): KMedoids (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into k clusters of similar elements using a k-medoids clustering algorithm. The KMedoids method, also known as Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM), is a simple and fast centroid-based method. KMedoids is good when clusters have similar sizes and are locally distributed around their centroid (a.k.a. medoids). When clusters have very different sizes, are intertwined, or when ...
- [LatentSemanticAnalysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LatentSemanticAnalysis.en.md): LatentSemanticAnalysis (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Maps the data into a lower-dimensional space using the latent semantic analysis method. LatentSemanticAnalysis is a linear dimensionality reduction method. The method projects input data in a lower-dimensional space that attempts to preserve the semantic association between data points. LatentSemanticAnalysis works for datasets that have a large number of ...
- [LayeredDigraphEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LayeredDigraphEmbedding.en.md): LayeredDigraphEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use layered digraph embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The layered digraph embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on parallel lines. The layered digraph embedding is typically used to lay out directed acyclic graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [LayeredEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LayeredEmbedding.en.md): LayeredEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use layered embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The layered digraph embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on parallel lines. The layered embedding is typically used to lay out acyclic graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [LinearEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LinearEmbedding.en.md): LinearEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use linear embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The linear embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a line. The linear embedding is typically used to lay out path graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include: Methods used include:
- [Linear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Linear.en.md): Linear (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Maps the data into a linear lower-dimensional space. Linear is a linear dimensionality reduction method. The method learns a low-dimensional representation of data via a linear mapping. Linear works for datasets that have a large number of features, large number of examples and possibly many missing values (and hence can be used for collaborative filtering); however it can ...
- [LinearRegression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LinearRegression.en.md): LinearRegression (Machine Learning Method) Method for Predict. Predict values using a linear combination of features. The linear regression predicts the numerical output y using a linear combination of numerical features x={x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_n}. The conditional probability P(y|x) is modeled according to P(y|x)\\[Proportional]exp(-(y-f(\\[Theta],x))^2/(2 \\[Sigma]^2)), with f(\\[Theta],x)=x.\\[Theta]. The estimation of the parameter vector \\[Theta] is done by minimizing the loss function ( 1 ) / ...
- [LLE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LLE.en.md): LLE (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using a locally linear embedding. LLE, which stands for locally linear embedding, is a nonlinear neighborhood-preserving dimensionality reduction method. LLE is able to learn nonlinear manifolds; however, it can fail if data has high-density variations and tends to collapse large portions of the data close together. The following plots (see ...
- [LogisticRegression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/LogisticRegression.en.md): LogisticRegression (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify. Models class probabilities with logistic functions of linear combinations of features. LogisticRegression models the log probabilities of each class with a linear combination of numerical features x={x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_n}, log(P(class = k|x))\\[Proportional]x.\\[Theta]^(k), where \\[Theta]^(k)={\\[Theta]_ 1,\\[Theta]_ 2,...,\\[Theta]_m} corresponds to the parameters for class k. The estimation of the parameter matrix ...
- [Markov](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Markov.en.md): Markov (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify. Model class probabilities using the n-gram frequencies of the given sequence. In a Markov model, at training time, an n-gram language model is computed for each class. At test time, the probability for each class is computed according to Bayes's theorem, P(class|sequence)\\[Proportional]P(class) P(sequence|class), where P(sequence|class) is given by the language model of the given class and P(class) is class prior. The following options can ...
- [MeanShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/MeanShift.en.md): MeanShift (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using MeanShift clustering algorithm. MeanShift is a density-based clustering method where the density is estimated using a neighbor-based approach. MeanShift works for arbitrary cluster shapes and sizes; however, it can fail when clusters have different densities or are intertwined. The following plots show the results of the MeanShift method ...
- [MOSEK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/MOSEK.en.md): MOSEK (Optimization Method) MOSEK calls the MOSEK optimization solver library. MOSEK is a commercial solver for large-scale sparse linear and quadratic optimization problems with real and mixed-integer variables and conic optimization problems with real variables. In addition to real-valued conic problems, MOSEK allows mixed-integer variables in combination with the linear, quadratic, exponential and power cones. Visit the following page for information on how to get a license from MOSEK ApS. ...
- [MultidimensionalScaling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/MultidimensionalScaling.en.md): MultidimensionalScaling (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using a metric multidimensional scaling. MultidimensionalScaling is a nonlinear distance-based dimensionality reduction method. The method attempts to find a low-dimensional embedding of data using a transformation that preserves the pairwise distances. MultidimensionalScaling is able to learn nonlinear manifolds; however, it ...
- [Multinormal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Multinormal.en.md): Multinormal (Machine Learning Method) Method for LearnDistribution. Models the probability density using a multivariate normal (Gaussian) distribution. Multinormal models the probability density of a numeric space using a multivariate normal distribution as in MultinormalDistribution. The probability density for vector x is proportional to E^- ( 1 ) / ( 2 ) (x-\\[Mu]).\\[CapitalSigma]^-1.(x-\\[Mu]), where \\[CapitalSigma] and \\[Mu] are learned parameters. If n is the size of the input numeric ...
- [MultipartiteEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/MultipartiteEmbedding.en.md): MultipartiteEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use multipartite embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The multipartite embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on several parallel lines. The multipartite embedding is typically used to lay out k-partite graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [NaiveBayes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/NaiveBayes.en.md): NaiveBayes (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify. Determines the class using Bayes's theorem and assuming that features are independent given the class. Naive Bayes is a classification technique based on Bayes's theorem P(class|x)\\[Proportional]P(class) P(x|class) which assumes that the features x={x_ 1,...,x_n} are independent given the class. The class probabilities for a given example are then: P(class|x)\\[Proportional]P(class) UnderoverscriptBox[\\[Product], RowBox[{i, =, 1}], ...
- [NearestNeighbors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/NearestNeighbors.en.md): NearestNeighbors (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify and Predict. Infers the class or value of a new example by analyzing its nearest neighbors in the feature space. Nearest neighbors is a type of instance-based learning. In its simplest form, it picks the commonest class or averages the values among the k nearest neighbors. The following options can be given: Possible settings for NearestMethod include:
- [NeighborhoodContraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/NeighborhoodContraction.en.md): NeighborhoodContraction (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using the NeighborhoodContraction clustering algorithm. NeighborhoodContraction is a neighbor-based clustering method. NeighborhoodContraction works for arbitrary cluster shapes and sizes, however, it can fail when clusters have different densities or are intertwined. The following plots show the results of the ...
- [NeuralNetwork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/NeuralNetwork.en.md): NeuralNetwork (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify and Predict. Models class probabilities or predicts the value distribution using a neural network. A neural network consists of stacked layers, each performing a simple computation. Information is processed layer by layer from the input layer to the output layer. The neural network is trained to minimize a loss function on the training set using gradient descent. The following options can be given: The option NetworkDepth controls the ...
- [PlanarEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/PlanarEmbedding.en.md): PlanarEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use planar embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The planar embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph so they minimize the number of edge crossings. The planar embedding is typically used to lay out planar graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [PrincipalComponentsAnalysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/PrincipalComponentsAnalysis.en.md): PrincipalComponentsAnalysis (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Maps the data into a lower-dimensional space using the principal components analysis method. PrincipalComponentsAnalysis is a linear dimensionality reduction method. The method projects input data on a linear lower-dimensional space that preserves the maximum variance in the data. The PrincipalComponentsAnalysis method works for datasets that have a ...
- [RadialEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/RadialEmbedding.en.md): RadialEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use radial embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The radial embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a circular segment. The radial embedding is typically used to lay out tree graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [RandomForest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/RandomForest.en.md): RandomForest (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify and Predict. Predict the value or class of an example using an ensemble of decision trees. Random forest is an ensemble learning method for classification and regression that operates by constructing a multitude of decision trees. The forest prediction is obtained by taking the most common class or the mean-value tree predictions. Each decision tree is trained on a random subset of the training set and only uses a random subset of the ...
- [SpanningTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SpanningTree.en.md): SpanningTree (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using the SpanningTree clustering algorithm. SpanningTree is a neighbor-based clustering method. SpanningTree works for arbitrary cluster shapes and sizes; however, it can fail when clusters have different densities or are loosely connected. The following plots show the results of the SpanningTree method applied to toy datasets: The ...
- [SpectralEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SpectralEmbedding.en.md): SpectralEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use spectral embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The spectral embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph so they minimize the weighted sum of square distances to its adjacent vertices. Vertices can be embedded in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [Spectral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Spectral.en.md): Spectral (Machine Learning Method) Method for FindClusters, ClusterClassify and ClusteringComponents. Partitions data into clusters of similar elements using a Spectral method. Spectral is a hybrid neighbor-based/centroid-based clustering method. Spectral works for arbitrary cluster shapes but requires clusters to have similar sizes. Since the method solves an eigenvalue problem, it is computationally expensive for large datasets. The following plots show the results of the Spectral method ...
- [SphericalEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SphericalEmbedding.en.md): SphericalEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use spherical embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The spherical embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a sphere so that they minimize the mechanical energy when each edge corresponds to a spring. The spiral embedding is typically used to lay out structured graphs. Vertices can be embedded in \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n. The following graph parameter can be given: Possible settings to ...
- [SpiralEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SpiralEmbedding.en.md): SpiralEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use spiral embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The spiral embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a 3D spiral projected to 2D. The spiral embedding is typically used to lay out path graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [SpringElectricalEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SpringElectricalEmbedding.en.md): SpringElectricalEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use spring electrical embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The spring electrical embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph so that they minimize mechanical and electrical energy when each vertex has a charge and each edge corresponds to a spring. The spring electrical embedding is typically used to lay out complex large graphs. The layout x_i of the vertices v_i of the graph is ...
- [SpringEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SpringEmbedding.en.md): SpringEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use spring embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The spring embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph so that they minimize the mechanical energy when each edge corresponds to a spring. The spring embedding is typically used to lay out regular structured graphs. The layout x_i of the vertices i of the graph is calculated by minimizing the energy function UnderoverscriptBox[\\[Sum], ...
- [StarEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/StarEmbedding.en.md): StarEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use star embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The star embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on a circle with a center. The star embedding is typically used to lay out star-like graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [SupportVectorMachine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SupportVectorMachine.en.md): SupportVectorMachine (Machine Learning Method) Method for Classify. Models class probabilities by finding a hyperplane that separates the training data into two classes using a maximum-margin hyperplane. Support vector machines are binary classifiers. A kernel function is used to extract features from the examples. At training time, the method finds the maximum-margin hyperplane that separates classes. The multiclass classification problem is reduced to a set of binary classification problems ...
- [SymmetricLayeredEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/SymmetricLayeredEmbedding.en.md): SymmetricLayeredEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use symmetric layered digraph embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The symmetric layered embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph on symmetric parallel lines. The symmetric layered embedding is typically used to lay out directed acyclic graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [TSNE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/TSNE.en.md): TSNE (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. TSNE, which stands for t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, is a nonlinear non-parametric dimensionality reduction method. The method attempts to learn a low-dimensional representation of the data that preserves the local structure of the data. TSNE works for datasets with nonlinear ...
- [TutteEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/TutteEmbedding.en.md): TutteEmbedding (Graph Layout Method) Vertex layout for GraphLayout. Use Tutte embedding to lay out vertices of a graph. The Tutte embedding is a graph-drawing technique to position vertices of a graph so that the outer face is a convex polygon and each interior vertex is at the mean of the positions of its adjacent vertices. The Tutte embedding is typically used to lay out planar graphs. Possible settings to control the layout include:
- [UMAP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/UMAP.en.md): UMAP (Machine Learning Method) Method for DimensionReduction, DimensionReduce, FeatureSpacePlot and FeatureSpacePlot3D. Reduce the dimension of data using uniform manifold approximation and projection. UMAP, which stands for uniform manifold approximation and projection, is a nonlinear nonparametric dimensionality reduction method. The method attempts to learn a low-dimensional representation of the data that preserves the local structure of the data in balance with the global structure. UMAP ...
- [Xpress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/method/Xpress.en.md): Xpress (Optimization Method) Xpress calls the Xpress optimization solver library. TemplateBox[{Xpress, {URL[https://www.fico.com/en/products/fico-xpress-solver], None}, http://gurobi.com, HyperlinkActionRecycled, {HyperlinkActive}, BaseStyle -> {Hyperlink}, HyperlinkAction -> Recycled}, HyperlinkTemplate] is a commercial optimization solver for linear, quadratic, quadratically constrained quadratic and second-order cone problems with real and mixed-integer variables. View the workflow ...

### netdecoder

- [Boolean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Boolean.en.md): NetDecoder[Boolean] represents a decoder that converts a probability p to False if p < 0.5, and True otherwise.
- [BPESubwordTokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/BPESubwordTokens.en.md): NetDecoder[BPESubwordTokens] has been phased out in favor of NetDecoder[SubwordTokens], which was introduced in Version 12.2.
- [Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Characters.en.md): NetDecoder[Characters] represents a decoder that converts a sequence of probability vectors to a string of ASCII characters. NetDecoder[{Characters, table}] represents a decoder that converts probability vectors into a string composed of characters in the list table. NetDecoder[{Characters, table,  param -> value, ...}] represents a decoder in which additional parameters have been specified.
- [Class](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Class.en.md): NetDecoder[Class] represents a decoder that interprets a vector as class probabilities. NetDecoder[{Class, {c1, c2, ...}}] represents a decoder with class labels ci.
- [CTCBeamSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/CTCBeamSearch.en.md): NetDecoder[{CTCBeamSearch, alphabet}] represents a decoder that interprets a sequence of probability vectors and gives the most likely sequence decoding. NetDecoder[{CTCBeamSearch, ..., BeamSize -> n}] represents a decoder with specified beam size.
- [Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Function.en.md): NetDecoder[{Function, f}] represents a decoder that applies f to the output of a net to obtain a decoded result.
- [Image3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Image3D.en.md): NetEncoder[Image3D] represents a decoder that converts a rank-4 array of pixel values to a 3D image. NetEncoder[{Image3D,  param -> val, ...}] represents a decoder with specific parameters for postprocessing.
- [Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Image.en.md): NetDecoder[Image] represents a decoder that converts a rank-3 array of pixel values to a 2D image. NetDecoder[{Image,  param -> val, ...}] represents a decoder with specific parameters for post-processing.
- [SubwordTokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/SubwordTokens.en.md): NetDecoder[NetEncoder[{SubwordTokens, ... }]] represents a decoder that converts a sequence of probability vectors to a string according to the specifications of the given SubwordTokens NetEncoder.
- [Tokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netdecoder/Tokens.en.md): NetDecoder[Tokens] represents a decoder that converts a sequence of probability vectors to a string of English vocabulary words. NetDecoder[{Tokens, language}] represents a decoder that uses a standard vocabulary for the given language. NetDecoder[{Tokens, {SubscriptBox[token, 1], SubscriptBox[token, 2], ...}}] represents a decoder that uses a specified list of tokens as the vocabulary. NetDecoder[{Tokens, ..., param -> val}] represents a decoder in which additional parameters have been ...

### netencoder

- [Audio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Audio.en.md): NetEncoder[Audio] represents an encoder that converts an audio file or object into a tensor of audio samples. NetEncoder[{Audio,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing.
- [AudioMelSpectrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/AudioMelSpectrogram.en.md): NetEncoder[AudioMelSpectrogram] represents an encoder that converts an audio file or object into its mel-frequency spectrogram. NetEncoder[{AudioMelSpectrogram,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing and feature computation.
- [AudioMFCC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/AudioMFCC.en.md): NetEncoder[AudioMFCC] represents an encoder that converts an audio file or object into its mel-frequency cepstral coefficients. NetEncoder[{AudioMFCC,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing and feature computation.
- [AudioSpectrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/AudioSpectrogram.en.md): NetEncoder[AudioSpectrogram] represents an encoder that converts an audio file or object into its spectrogram. NetEncoder[{AudioSpectrogram,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing and feature computation.
- [AudioSTFT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/AudioSTFT.en.md): NetEncoder[AudioSTFT] represents an encoder that converts an audio file or object into its short-time Fourier transform. NetEncoder[{AudioSTFT,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing.
- [Boolean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Boolean.en.md): NetEncoder[Boolean] represents an encoder that converts True to 1 and False to 0. NetEncoder[{Boolean, {d1, d2, ..., dn}}] represents an encoder that converts tensors of dimensions d1*d2*...*dn of Booleans.
- [BPESubwordTokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/BPESubwordTokens.en.md): NetEncoder[BPESubwordTokens] has been phased out in favor of NetEncoder[SubwordTokens], which was introduced in Version 12.2.
- [Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Characters.en.md): NetEncoder[Characters] represents an encoder that converts characters in an ASCII string to a sequence of integer codes. NetEncoder[{Characters, table}] represents an encoder that converts characters in a string composed of characters in the list table. NetEncoder[{Characters, table, form}] represents an encoder that converts characters in a string to the output type form. NetEncoder[{Characters, ..., param -> value, ...}] represents an encoder in which additional parameters have been ...
- [Class](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Class.en.md): NetEncoder[{Class, classes}] represents an encoder that converts a class label in the list classes to an integer code. NetEncoder[{Class, classes, form}] represents an encoder that converts class labels to the output type form.
- [FeatureExtractor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/FeatureExtractor.en.md): NetEncoder[{FeatureExtractor, f}] represents an encoder that uses the FeatureExtractorFunction f to encode an input. NetEncoder[FeatureExtractor] represents an encoder automatically learned during net training. NetEncoder[{FeatureExtractor,  method}] uses a specific feature extraction method.
- [Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Function.en.md): NetEncoder[{Function, f, {d1, d2, ..., dn}}] represents an encoder that uses a custom function f to encode an input producing an output tensor of dimensions d1*d2*...*dn.
- [Image3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Image3D.en.md): NetEncoder[Image3D] represents an encoder that converts a 3D image to a rank-4 tensor of pixel values. NetEncoder[{Image3D, size}] represents an encoder that resizes the 3D input image to size. NetEncoder[{Image3D, {width, depth, height}}] represents an encoder that resizes the input 3D image to the specified dimensions. NetEncoder[{Image3D,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing.
- [Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Image.en.md): NetEncoder[Image] represents an encoder that converts a 2D image to a rank-3 tensor of pixel values. NetEncoder[{Image, size}] represents an encoder that resizes the input image to size. NetEncoder[{Image, {width, height}}] represents an encoder that resizes the input image to the specified dimensions. NetEncoder[{Image, size,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing.
- [SubwordTokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/SubwordTokens.en.md): NetEncoder[{SubwordTokens, {token1, token2, ...}}] represents an encoder that segments text into subwords from a given vocabulary. NetEncoder[{SubwordTokens, File[path]}] loads a SentencePiece BPE model from a file. NetEncoder[{SubwordTokens, ...,  param -> value}] represents an encoder in which additional parameters have been specified.
- [Tokens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/Tokens.en.md): NetEncoder[Tokens] represents an encoder that converts the words in a string to a sequence of integer codes using a standard English vocabulary. NetEncoder[{Tokens,  language}] represents an encoder that uses a standard vocabulary for the given language. NetEncoder[{Tokens, {token1, token2, ...}}] represents an encoder that uses a specified list of tokens as the vocabulary. NetEncoder[{Tokens, ...,  param -> value}] represents an encoder in which additional parameters have been specified.
- [UTF8](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/UTF8.en.md): NetEncoder[UTF8] represents an encoder that converts a string to a sequence of integers corresponding to the UTF-8 encoding of its characters. NetEncoder[{UTF8, form}] represents an encoder that converts a string to the output type form according to the UTF-8 encoding of its characters.
- [VideoFrames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/netencoder/VideoFrames.en.md): NetEncoder[VideoFrames] represents an encoder that converts a video file or object into a sequence of rank-3 tensors of pixel values. NetEncoder[{VideoFrames,  param -> val, ...}] represents an encoder with specific parameters for preprocessing.

### predictor

- [NameAge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/predictor/NameAge.en.md): NameAge (Built-in Predictor)

### program

- [Mathematica](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/Mathematica.en.md): As of Version 14.1, Mathematica has been replaced by WolframNB.
- [mathematica](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/mathematica-unix.en.md): As of Version 14.1, mathematica has been replaced by WolframNB.
- [mathlm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/mathlm.en.md): mathlm options starts MathLM, the Wolfram System license manager.
- [mcc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/mcc.en.md): The program mcc has been replaced with wscc.
- [monitorlm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/monitorlm.en.md): 
- [mprep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/mprep.en.md): The program mprep has been replaced with wsprep.
- [wolfram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/wolfram.en.md): 
- [WolframKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/WolframKernel.en.md): 
- [WolframNB](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/WolframNB.en.md): 
- [WolframScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/wolframscript.en.md): 
- [wscc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/wscc.en.md): wscc options files WSTP template file compiler.
- [wsprep](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/wsprep.en.md): wsprep options template. tm preprocesses the WSTP template file template.tm, and generates C code that contains all the necessary WSTP code to call C functions from the Wolfram Language.
- [WSTPServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/program/wstpserver.en.md): 

### questioninterface

- [ChooseMultiple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/ChooseMultiple.en.md): ChooseMultiple presents multiple values from which multiple can be chosen.
- [ClickLocations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/ClickLocations.en.md): ClickLocations provides an interface for selecting locations on a background.
- [Code](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/Code.en.md): Code provides an input field for writing code.
- [DragCategorize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/DragCategorize.en.md): DragCategorize presents items for grouping into categories.
- [DragCompletion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/DragCompletion.en.md): DragCompletion provides a fill-in the-blank interface with slots to fill by dragging items from a common pool.
- [MultipleChoice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/MultipleChoice.en.md): MultipleChoice presents multiple values from which one is chosen.
- [MultipleChoiceGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/MultipleChoiceGrid.en.md): MultipleChoiceGrid provides a grid of values and categories, where one category is selected for each value.
- [MultipleShortAnswers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/MultipleShortAnswers.en.md): MultipleShortAnswers creates an interface that accepts multiple answers.
- [NumericRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/NumericRange.en.md): NumericRange provides a slider where one number can be selected.
- [SelectColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/SelectColor.en.md): SelectColor provides a color picker for one value to be selected.
- [SelectCompletion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/SelectCompletion.en.md): SelectCompletion provides a fill-in-the-blank interface with choices for each blank.
- [SelectPair](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/SelectPair.en.md): SelectPair Provides two menus to select one value and category from.
- [ShortAnswer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/ShortAnswer.en.md): ShortAnswer provides an input field for a free-form answer.
- [Sort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/Sort.en.md): Sort creates an interface for sorting a sequence of values.
- [TextCompletion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/TextCompletion.en.md): TextCompletion provides a fill-in-the-blank interface with textual input fields.
- [TrueFalse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/questioninterface/TrueFalse.en.md): TrueFalse Presents a single checkbox interface.

### resourceobject

- [Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/Data.en.md): Data (Resource Object Type)
- [Example](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/Example.en.md): Example (Resource Object Type)
- [Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/Function.en.md): Function (Resource Object Type)
- [LLMTool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/LLMTool.en.md): LLMTool (Resource Object Type)
- [NeuralNet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/NeuralNet.en.md): NeuralNet (Resource Object Type)
- [Paclet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/Paclet.en.md): Paclet (Resource Object Type)
- [Prompt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/resourceobject/Prompt.en.md): Prompt (Resource Object Type)

### service

- [AI21](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/AI21.en.md): AI21 (Service Connection)
- [AlephAlpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/AlephAlpha.en.md): AlephAlpha (Service Connection)
- [AlphaFoldDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/AlphaFoldDatabase.en.md): AlphaFoldDatabase (Service Connection)
- [Anthropic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Anthropic.en.md): Anthropic (Service Connection)
- [ArXiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/ArXiv.en.md): ArXiv (Service Connection)
- [AWS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/AWS.en.md): AWS (Service Connection)
- [BingSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/BingSearch.en.md): BingSearch (Service Connection)
- [BloombergDataLicense](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/BloombergDataLicense.en.md): BloombergDataLicense (Service Connection)
- [BloombergTerminal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/BloombergTerminal.en.md): BloombergTerminal (Service Connection)
- [CATHDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/CATHDatabase.en.md): CATHDatabase (Service Connection)
- [CharityEngine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/CharityEngine.en.md): CharityEngine (Service Connection)
- [ChemSpider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/ChemSpider.en.md): ChemSpider (Service Connection)
- [Cohere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Cohere.en.md): Cohere (Service Connection)
- [CrossRef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/CrossRef.en.md): CrossRef (Service Connection)
- [DeepSeek](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/DeepSeek.en.md): DeepSeek (Service Connection)
- [Dropbox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Dropbox.en.md): Dropbox (Service Connection)
- [ElevenLabs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/ElevenLabs.en.md): ElevenLabs (Service Connection)
- [EncyclopediaOfDomains](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/EncyclopediaOfDomains.en.md): EncyclopediaOfDomains (Service Connection)
- [ESMAtlas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/ESMAtlas.en.md): ESMAtlas (Service Connection)
- [Facebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Facebook.en.md): Facebook (Service Connection)
- [Factual](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Factual.en.md): Factual (Service Connection)
- [FederalReserveEconomicData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/FederalReserveEconomicData.en.md): FederalReserveEconomicData (Service Connection)
- [Fitbit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Fitbit.en.md): Fitbit (Service Connection)
- [Flickr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Flickr.en.md): Flickr (Service Connection)
- [GoogleAnalytics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleAnalytics.en.md): GoogleAnalytics (Service Connection)
- [GoogleCalendar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleCalendar.en.md): GoogleCalendar (Service Connection)
- [GoogleContacts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleContacts.en.md): GoogleContacts (Service Connection)
- [GoogleCustomSearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleCustomSearch.en.md): GoogleCustomSearch (Service Connection)
- [GoogleGemini](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleGemini.en.md): GoogleGemini (Service Connection)
- [GooglePlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GooglePlus.en.md): GooglePlus (Service Connection)
- [GoogleSpeech](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleSpeech.en.md): GoogleSpeech (Service Connection)
- [GoogleTranslate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/GoogleTranslate.en.md): GoogleTranslate (Service Connection)
- [Groq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Groq.en.md): Groq (Service Connection)
- [Instagram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Instagram.en.md): Instagram (Service Connection)
- [LinkedIn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/LinkedIn.en.md): LinkedIn (Service Connection)
- [MailChimp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/MailChimp.en.md): MailChimp (Service Connection)
- [MicrosoftTranslator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/MicrosoftTranslator.en.md): MicrosoftTranslator (Service Connection)
- [MistralAI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/MistralAI.en.md): MistralAI (Service Connection)
- [Mixpanel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Mixpanel.en.md): Mixpanel (Service Connection)
- [OpenAI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/OpenAI.en.md): OpenAI (Service Connection)
- [Open Library](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/OpenLibrary.en.md): Open Library
- [Open PHACTS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/OpenPHACTS.en.md): Open PHACTS
- [PaLM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/PaLM.en.md): PaLM (Service Connection)
- [PubChem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/PubChem.en.md): PubChem (Service Connection)
- [PubMed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/PubMed.en.md): PubMed (Service Connection)
- [Pushbullet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Pushbullet.en.md): Pushbullet (Service Connection)
- [RCSBProteinDataBank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/RCSBProteinDataBank.en.md): RCSBProteinDataBank (Service Connection)
- [Reddit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Reddit.en.md): Reddit (Service Connection)
- [Reuters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Reuters.en.md): Reuters (Service Connection)
- [RunKeeper](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/RunKeeper.en.md): RunKeeper (Service Connection)
- [SeatGeek](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/SeatGeek.en.md): SeatGeek (Service Connection)
- [SurveyMonkey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/SurveyMonkey.en.md): SurveyMonkey (Service Connection)
- [TogetherAI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/TogetherAI.en.md): TogetherAI (Service Connection)
- [Twilio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Twilio.en.md): Twilio (Service Connection)
- [Twitter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Twitter.en.md): Twitter (Service Connection)
- [UniProt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/UniProt.en.md): UniProt (Service Connection)
- [WolframApplicationServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/WolframApplicationServer.en.md): WolframApplicationServer (Service Connection)
- [WolframWebEngine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/WolframWebEngine.en.md): WolframWebEngine (Service Connection)
- [xAI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/XAi.en.md): xAI (Service Connection)
- [Yelp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/service/Yelp.en.md): Yelp (Service Connection)

### textcontent

- [Adjective](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Adjective.en.md): Text identified as adjective.
- [AdjectivePhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AdjectivePhrase.en.md): Text identified as adjective phrase.
- [AdministrativeDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AdministrativeDivision.en.md): Text identified as the name of an administrative division.
- [Adverb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Adverb.en.md): Text identified as adverb.
- [AdverbPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AdverbPhrase.en.md): Text identified as adverb phrase.
- [Aircraft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Aircraft.en.md): Text identified as the name of an aircraft.
- [Airline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Airline.en.md): Text identified as the name of an airline.
- [Airport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Airport.en.md): Text identified as the name of an airport.
- [Alphabet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Alphabet.en.md): Text identified as the name of an alphabet.
- [AmusementPark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AmusementPark.en.md): Text identified as the name of an amusement park.
- [AmusementParkRide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AmusementParkRide.en.md): Text identified as the name of an amusement park ride.
- [AnatomicalStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AnatomicalStructure.en.md): Text identified as the name of an anatomical structure.
- [Artwork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Artwork.en.md): Text identified as the name of an artwork.
- [AstronomicalObservatory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AstronomicalObservatory.en.md): Text identified as the name of an astronomical observatory.
- [AstronomicalRadioSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AstronomicalRadioSource.en.md): Text identified as the name of an astronomical radio source.
- [AtmosphericLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/AtmosphericLayer.en.md): Text identified as the name of an atmospheric layer.
- [Beach](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Beach.en.md): Text identified as the name of a beach.
- [BoardGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/BoardGame.en.md): Text identified as the name of a board game.
- [Book](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Book.en.md): Text identified as the name of a book expressed in natural language.
- [Bridge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Bridge.en.md): Text identified as the name of a bridge.
- [BroadcastStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/BroadcastStation.en.md): Text identified as the name of a broadcast station.
- [Building](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Building.en.md): Text identified as the name of a building.
- [Canal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Canal.en.md): Text identified as the name of a canal.
- [Castle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Castle.en.md): Text identified as the name of a castle.
- [CatBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/CatBreed.en.md): Text identified as the name of a cat breed.
- [Cave](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Cave.en.md): Text identified as the name of a cave.
- [Cemetery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Cemetery.en.md): Text identified as the name of a cemetery.
- [Chemical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Chemical.en.md): Text identified as the name of a chemical.
- [City](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/City.en.md): Text identified as the name of a city.
- [Clause](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Clause.en.md): Text identified as clause.
- [Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Cloud.en.md): Text identified as the name of a cloud.
- [CognitiveTask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/CognitiveTask.en.md): Text identified as the name of a cognitive task.
- [Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Color.en.md): Text identified as the name of a color in a text.
- [Comet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Comet.en.md): Text identified as the name of a comet.
- [Company](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Company.en.md): Text identified as the name of a company.
- [Conjunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Conjunction.en.md): Text identified as conjunction.
- [ConjunctionPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ConjunctionPhrase.en.md): Text identified as conjunction phrase.
- [Constellation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Constellation.en.md): Text identified as the name of a constellation.
- [Country](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Country.en.md): Text identified as the name of a country.
- [CurrencyAmount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/CurrencyAmount.en.md): Text identified as a currency amount.
- [CurrencyDenomination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/CurrencyDenomination.en.md): Text identified as the name of a currency denomination.
- [Dam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Dam.en.md): Text identified as the name of a dam.
- [Date](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Date.en.md): Text identified as a date in a text.
- [DeepSpaceProbe](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/DeepSpaceProbe.en.md): Text identified as the name of a deep space probe.
- [Desert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Desert.en.md): Text identified as the name of a desert.
- [Determiner](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Determiner.en.md): Text identified as determiner.
- [Dinosaur](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Dinosaur.en.md): Text identified as the name of a dinosaur.
- [Disease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Disease.en.md): Text identified as the name of a disease.
- [DistrictCourt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/DistrictCourt.en.md): Text identified as the name of a district court.
- [DogBreed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/DogBreed.en.md): Text identified as the name of a dog breed.
- [EarthImpact](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/EarthImpact.en.md): Text identified as the name of an earth impact crater.
- [Element](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Element.en.md): Text identified as the name of an element.
- [EmailAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/EmailAddress.en.md): Text identified as an email address in a text.
- [Emoticon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Emoticon.en.md): Emoticon in a text.
- [Exoplanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Exoplanet.en.md): Text identified as the name of an exoplanet.
- [FamousChemistryProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FamousChemistryProblem.en.md): Text identified as the name of a chemistry problem.
- [FamousGem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FamousGem.en.md): Text identified as the name of a gem.
- [FamousMathGame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FamousMathGame.en.md): Text identified as the name of a math game.
- [FamousMathProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FamousMathProblem.en.md): Text identified as the name of a math problem.
- [FamousPhysicsProblem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FamousPhysicsProblem.en.md): Text identified as the name of a physics problem.
- [FictionalCharacter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FictionalCharacter.en.md): Text identified as the name of a fictional character.
- [FileFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FileFormat.en.md): Text identified as the name of a file format.
- [Financial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Financial.en.md): Text identified as the name of a financial entity.
- [FiniteGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FiniteGroup.en.md): Text identified as the name of a finite group.
- [FoodBrandName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FoodBrandName.en.md): Text identified as the name of a food brand name.
- [Food](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Food.en.md): Text identified as the name of a food.
- [FoodManufacturer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FoodManufacturer.en.md): Text identified as the name of a food manufacturer.
- [FoodSubBrandName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FoodSubBrandName.en.md): Text identified as the name of a food sub brand name.
- [ForeignWord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ForeignWord.en.md): Text identified as a foreign word.
- [Forest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Forest.en.md): Text identified as the name of a forest.
- [Fragment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Fragment.en.md): Text identified as clauses lacking essential elements for the exact structure to be easily determined.
- [FunctionSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/FunctionSpace.en.md): Text identified as the name of a function space.
- [Galaxy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Galaxy.en.md): Text identified as the name of a galaxy.
- [Gene](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Gene.en.md): Text identified as the name of a gene.
- [GeographicRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/GeographicRegion.en.md): Text identified as the name of a geographic region.
- [GeologicalLayer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/GeologicalLayer.en.md): Text identified as the name of a geological layer.
- [GeologicalPeriod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/GeologicalPeriod.en.md): Text identified as the name of a geological period.
- [GivenName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/GivenName.en.md): Text identified as the name of a given name expressed in natural language.
- [Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Graph.en.md): Text identified as the name of a graph.
- [HistoricalCountry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/HistoricalCountry.en.md): Text identified as the name of a historical country.
- [HistoricalSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/HistoricalSite.en.md): Text identified as the name of a historic site.
- [IntegerSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/IntegerSequence.en.md): Text identified as the name of an integer sequence.
- [Interjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Interjection.en.md): Text identified as interjection.
- [IPAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/IPAddress.en.md): Text identified as IP address in a text.
- [Island](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Island.en.md): Text identified as the name of an island.
- [Lake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Lake.en.md): Text identified as the name of a lake.
- [Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Language.en.md): Text identified as the name of a language.
- [LibraryBranch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/LibraryBranch.en.md): Text identified as the name of a library branch.
- [LibrarySystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/LibrarySystem.en.md): Text identified as the name of a library system.
- [Line](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Line.en.md): A piece of text delimited by new lines.
- [ListItemMarker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ListItemMarker.en.md): Text identified as list item marker.
- [ListMarker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ListMarker.en.md): Text identified as list marker. Often includes surrounding punctuation.
- [Location](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Location.en.md): Text identified as an entity that can be pinpointed to a location in a text.
- [LocationEntity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/LocationEntity.en.md): Text identified as an entity that can be pinpointed to a location in a text.
- [MannedSpaceMission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MannedSpaceMission.en.md): Text identified as the name of a manned space mission.
- [MathematicalFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MathematicalFunction.en.md): Text identified as the name of a mathematical function.
- [MeasurementDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MeasurementDevice.en.md): Text identified as the name of a measurement device.
- [MedicalTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MedicalTest.en.md): Text identified as the name of a medical test.
- [MeteorShower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MeteorShower.en.md): Text identified as the name of a meteor shower.
- [MetropolitanArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MetropolitanArea.en.md): Text identified as the name of a metropolitan area.
- [MilitaryConflict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MilitaryConflict.en.md): Text identified as the name of a military conflict.
- [Mine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Mine.en.md): Text identified as the name of a mine.
- [Mineral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Mineral.en.md): Text identified as the name of a mineral.
- [MinorPlanet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MinorPlanet.en.md): Text identified as the name of a minor planet.
- [Mountain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Mountain.en.md): Text identified as the name of a mountain.
- [Movie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Movie.en.md): Text identified as the name of a movie expressed in natural language.
- [Museum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Museum.en.md): Text identified as the name of a museum.
- [MusicAct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MusicAct.en.md): Text identified as the name of a music act expressed in natural language.
- [MusicAlbum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MusicAlbum.en.md): Text identified as the name of a music album expressed in natural language.
- [MusicalInstrument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MusicalInstrument.en.md): Text identified as the name of a musical instrument.
- [MusicWork](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/MusicWork.en.md): Text identified as the name of a music work expressed in natural language.
- [Mythology](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Mythology.en.md): Text identified as the name of a mythological figure.
- [Nebula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Nebula.en.md): Text identified as the name of a nebula.
- [NegativeSentiment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NegativeSentiment.en.md): Any portion of text with a negative sentiment.
- [Neighborhood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Neighborhood.en.md): Text identified as the name of a neighborhood.
- [NetworkService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NetworkService.en.md): Text identified as the name of a network service.
- [Neuron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Neuron.en.md): Text identified as the name of a neuron.
- [NonperiodicTiling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NonperiodicTiling.en.md): Text identified as the name of a nonperiodic tiling.
- [NonText](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NonText.en.md): Characters that are not ordinary letter-like text.
- [NotableComputer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NotableComputer.en.md): Text identified as the name of a famous computer.
- [Noun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Noun.en.md): Text identified as a noun.
- [NounPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NounPhrase.en.md): Text identified as noun phrase.
- [NounPhraseHead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NounPhraseHead.en.md): Text identified as noun phrase head. Often corresponds very roughly to N-bar level but used quite differently.
- [NuclearExplosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NuclearExplosion.en.md): Text identified as the name of a nuclear explosion.
- [NuclearReactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NuclearReactor.en.md): Text identified as the name of a nuclear reactor.
- [NuclearTestSite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/NuclearTestSite.en.md): Text identified as the name of a nuclear test site.
- [Number](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Number.en.md): Text identified as a number.
- [Occupation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Occupation.en.md): Text identified as the name of an occupation.
- [Ocean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Ocean.en.md): Text identified as the name of an ocean.
- [OilField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/OilField.en.md): Text identified as the name of an oil field.
- [Paragraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Paragraph.en.md): Text identified as a paragraph-like unit, usually delimited by multiple newlines.
- [Parenthetical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Parenthetical.en.md): Text identified as a parenthetical phrase.
- [Park](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Park.en.md): Text identified as the name of a park.
- [ParticleAccelerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ParticleAccelerator.en.md): Text identified as the name of a particle accelerator.
- [Particle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Particle.en.md): Text identified as the name of a particle.
- [Periodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Periodical.en.md): Text identified as the name of a periodical.
- [PeriodicTiling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PeriodicTiling.en.md): Text identified as the name of a periodic tiling.
- [Person](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Person.en.md): Text identified as the name of a person.
- [PersonTitle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PersonTitle.en.md): Text identified as the name of a person title.
- [PhoneNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PhoneNumber.en.md): Text identified as a phone number in a text.
- [PhysicalConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PhysicalConstant.en.md): Text identified as the name of a physical constant.
- [PlanetaryMoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PlanetaryMoon.en.md): Text identified as the name of a planetary moon.
- [Planet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Planet.en.md): Text identified as the name of a planet.
- [Plant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Plant.en.md): Text identified as the name of a plant.
- [Pokemon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Pokemon.en.md): Text identified as the name of a Pokémon.
- [Polyhedron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Polyhedron.en.md): Text identified as the name of a polyhedron.
- [PossessiveModifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PossessiveModifier.en.md): Text identified as a possessive modifier.
- [PrepositionalPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PrepositionalPhrase.en.md): Text identified as a prepositional phrase.
- [Preposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Preposition.en.md): Text identified as a preposition.
- [PrivateSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PrivateSchool.en.md): Text identified as the name of a private school.
- [Profanity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Profanity.en.md): Any portion of text containing profanity.
- [ProgrammingLanguage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md): Text identified as the name of a programming language.
- [Pronoun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Pronoun.en.md): Text identified as pronoun.
- [ProperNoun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ProperNoun.en.md): Text identified as proper noun.
- [Protein](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Protein.en.md): Text identified as the name of a protein.
- [PublicSchool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/PublicSchool.en.md): Text identified as the name of a public school.
- [Pulsar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Pulsar.en.md): Text identified as the name of a pulsar.
- [Punctuation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Punctuation.en.md): Text identified as a punctuation mark, outside any word or acronym.
- [QuantifierPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/QuantifierPhrase.en.md): Text identified as a quantifier phrase.
- [Quantity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Quantity.en.md): Text identified as a currency amount.
- [Quotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Quotation.en.md): Text delimited by quotation marks.
- [ReducedRelativeClause](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ReducedRelativeClause.en.md): Text identified as a reduced relative clause.
- [Reef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Reef.en.md): Text identified as the name of a reef.
- [Religion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Religion.en.md): Text identified as the name of a religion.
- [ReserveLand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ReserveLand.en.md): Text identified as the name of a reserve land.
- [River](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/River.en.md): Text identified as the name of a river.
- [Rocket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Rocket.en.md): Text identified as the name of a rocket.
- [Satellite](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Satellite.en.md): Text identified as the name of a satellite.
- [SchoolDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/SchoolDistrict.en.md): Text identified as the name of a school district.
- [Sentence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Sentence.en.md): Text identified as a sentence-like unit, usually delimited by punctuation marks.
- [Ship](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Ship.en.md): Text identified as the name of a ship.
- [Shipwreck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Shipwreck.en.md): Text identified as the name of a shipwreck.
- [SolarSystemFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/SolarSystemFeature.en.md): Text identified as the name of a solar system feature.
- [SpaceCurve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/SpaceCurve.en.md): Text identified as the name of a space curve.
- [Species](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Species.en.md): Text identified as the name of a species specification.
- [SportObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/SportObject.en.md): Text identified as the name of a sport object.
- [Stadium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Stadium.en.md): Text identified as the name of a stadium.
- [StarCluster](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/StarCluster.en.md): Text identified as the name of a star cluster.
- [Star](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Star.en.md): Text identified as the name of a star.
- [Supernova](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Supernova.en.md): Text identified as the name of a supernova.
- [Surface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Surface.en.md): Text identified as the name of a surface.
- [Surname](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Surname.en.md): Text identified as the name of a surname expressed in natural language.
- [Symbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Symbol.en.md): Text identified as a symbol.
- [TimeZone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/TimeZone.en.md): Text identified as the name of a time zone.
- [TopologicalSpaceType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/TopologicalSpaceType.en.md): Text identified as the name of a topological space type.
- [TropicalStorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/TropicalStorm.en.md): Text identified as the name of a tropical storm.
- [Tunnel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Tunnel.en.md): Text identified as the name of a tunnel.
- [TwitterHandle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/TwitterHandle.en.md): Text identified as a Twitter handle.
- [UnderseaFeature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/UnderseaFeature.en.md): Text identified as the name of an undersea feature.
- [Unit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Unit.en.md): Text identified as a unit.
- [University](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/University.en.md): Text identified as the name of an university.
- [UnlikeCoordinatedPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/UnlikeCoordinatedPhrase.en.md): 
- [URL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/URL.en.md): Text identified as a URL in a text.
- [USCongressionalDistrict](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/USCongressionalDistrict.en.md): Text identified as the name of a US congressional district.
- [Verb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Verb.en.md): Text identified as verb.
- [VerbPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/VerbPhrase.en.md): Text identified as verb phrase.
- [Volcano](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Volcano.en.md): Text identified as the name of a volcano.
- [Waterfall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Waterfall.en.md): Text identified as the name of a waterfall.
- [WeatherStation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WeatherStation.en.md): Text identified as the name of a weather station.
- [WhAdjectivePhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhAdjectivePhrase.en.md): Text identified as wh-adjective phrase. Often adjectival phrase containing a wh-adverb, as in how hot.
- [WhAdverb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhAdverb.en.md): Text identified as a wh-adverb.
- [WhAdverbPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhAdverbPhrase.en.md): Text identified as a wh-adverb phrase. Often introduces a clause with a noun phrase gap, and contains a wh-adverb such as how or why.
- [WhDeterminer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhDeterminer.en.md): Text identified as a wh-determiner.
- [Whitespace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Whitespace.en.md): Sequence of whitespace characters in a text.
- [WhNounPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhNounPhrase.en.md): Text identified as a wh-noun phrase. Often introduces a clause with a noun phrase gap and contains some wh-word, e.g. who, which book, whose daughter, none of which or how many leopards.
- [WhPrepositionalPhrase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhPrepositionalPhrase.en.md): Text identified as a wh-prepositional phrase. Often a prepositional phrase containing a wh-noun phrase (such as of which or by whose authority) that either introduces a prepositional phrase gap or is contained by a wh-noun phrase.
- [WhPronoun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WhPronoun.en.md): Text identified as a wh-pronoun.
- [Word](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/Word.en.md): A word-like unit, usually delimited by whitespace or punctuation.
- [WritingScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/WritingScript.en.md): Text identified as the name of a writing script.
- [ZIPCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ZIPCode.en.md): Text identified as the name of a ZIP Code.

## Tutorials

- [Activating Products in Wolfram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ActivatingMathematica.en.md): Starting in Version 14.1, the unified Wolfram application was introduced as the new way for users to access Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition, Wolfram|One and Finance Platform. These products are still licensed the way they were previously but are now activated and accessed through Wolfram. This guide will explain how to activate your products in Wolfram; if you have not yet installed it and need assistance, please see Installing Wolfram. Once the installation of Wolfram is complete, ...
- [Advanced Topics in Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AdvancedAlgebraOverview.en.md): Complex Polynomial Systems Real Polynomial Systems Diophantine Polynomial Systems
- [Advanced Dynamic Functionality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AdvancedDynamicFunctionality.en.md): Introduction to Manipulate and Introduction to Dynamic provide most of the information you need to use the Wolfram Language's interactive features accessible through the functions Manipulate, Dynamic, and DynamicModule. This tutorial gives further details on the workings of Dynamic and DynamicModule and describes advanced features and techniques for achieving maximum performance for complex interactive examples. Many examples in this tutorial display a single output value and use Pause to ...
- [Advanced Manipulate Functionality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AdvancedManipulateFunctionality.en.md): This tutorial covers advanced features of the Manipulate command. It assumes that you have read Introduction to Manipulate and thus have a good idea what the command is for and how it works overall. This tutorial also, in places, assumes a familiarity with the lower-level dynamic mechanism covered in Introduction to Dynamic and Advanced Dynamic Functionality. Some Manipulate examples spin, continually reevaluating their contents even when no sliders are being moved. Sometimes this is in fact ...
- [Advanced Web Form Creation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AdvancedWebFormCreation.en.md): Though FormFunction and FormObject provide a very terse interface for creating simple web forms, this tutorial will cover the methods and options necessary for the creation of more advanced web forms. FormFunction and FormObject take the option AppearanceRules, which can be used to specify various parts of the form, such as the title and the way the elements are displayed in each field. You can use AppearanceRules with Title and Description to add a title and a subtitle to your form.
- [Using AI Assistant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AIAssistant.en.md): AI Assistant provides interactive natural language-based assistance with Wolfram Language code and other notebook content. Access AI Assistant from the Assistance section of the notebook toolbar or from the Help menu: Shows the AI Assistant chat window (Ctrl+')
- [Algebraic Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AlgebraicCalculations.en.md): One of the important features of the Wolfram System is that it can do symbolic, as well as numerical calculations. This means that it can handle algebraic formulas as well as numbers. You can type in any algebraic expression, using the operators listed in Arithmetic. You can use spaces to denote multiplication. Be careful not to forget the space in xy. If you type in xy with no space, the Wolfram Language will interpret this as a single symbol, with the name xy, not as a product of the two ...
- [Algebraic Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AlgebraicCalculationsOverview.en.md): Symbolic Computation Transforming Algebraic Expressions Simplifying Algebraic Expressions
- [Algebraic Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AlgebraicManipulation.en.md): There are several ways to write any polynomial. The functions Expand, FactorTerms, and Factor give three common ways. Expand writes a polynomial as a simple sum of terms, with all products expanded out. FactorTerms pulls out common factors from each term. Factor does complete factoring, writing the polynomial as a product of terms, each of as low degree as possible. When you have a polynomial in more than one variable, you can put the polynomial in different forms by essentially choosing ...
- [Algebraic Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AlgebraicManipulationOverview.en.md): Structural Operations on Polynomials Finding the Structure of a Polynomial Polynomial Orderings
- [Algebraic Number Fields](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AlgebraicNumberFields.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides representation of algebraic numbers as Root objects. A Root object contains the minimal polynomial of the algebraic number and the root number--an integer indicating which of the roots of the minimal polynomial the Root object represents. This allows for unique representation of arbitrary complex algebraic numbers. A disadvantage is that performing arithmetic operations in this representation is quite costly. That is why the Wolfram Language requires the use of an ...
- [Analog Filter Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AnalogFilterDesign.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a comprehensive set of methods for designing analog filters. Each one of the classic filters is defined by a particular choice of the function A_n^2(\\[Omega]), where n defines the order of the filter. A_n(\\[Omega])==...
- [Asynchronous Tasks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AsynchronousTasks.en.md): Asynchronous tasks run in the background and evaluate functions asynchronously when there is an event. Asynchronous tasks may run only until some work is completed, or they may be designed to run indefinitely. This tutorial describes how to interact with asynchronous tasks. Asynchronous task operations. Normally, there are no asynchronous tasks:
- [Audio Basics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AudioBasics.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides built-in support for both programmatic and interactive audio processing, fully integrated with the Wolfram Language's powerful mathematical and algorithmic capabilities. You can create and import sound files, manipulate them with built-in functions, apply linear and nonlinear filters, and visualize them in any number of ways. An audio object can be created from numerical arrays, files, and URLs. The simplest way to create an audio object is to wrap the Audio ...
- [Audio Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AudioProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides built-in support for both programmatic and interactive audio processing, fully integrated with other powerful mathematical and algorithmic capabilities. You can process audio objects by applying linear and nonlinear filters, add effects, and analyze them using audio-specific functions or by exploiting the extensive integration with the rest of the Wolfram Language. Audio signals can be used as input to many signal processing functions. Many of the filtering ...
- [Audio Synthesis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/AudioSynthesis.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides extensive support for the creation, analysis, and manipulation of audio data, fully integrated with the Wolfram Language's powerful mathematical and algorithmic capabilities. The starting point for audio synthesis is the AudioGenerator function. The simplest way to generate a signal is to use one of the native oscillator models supported in AudioGenerator.
- [Basic Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/BasicObjects.en.md): Expressions are the main type of data in the Wolfram Language. Expressions can be written in the form h[e_ 1,e_ 2,...]. The object h is known generically as the head of the expression. The e_i are termed the elements of the expression. Both the head and the elements may themselves be expressions. The parts of an expression can be referred to by numerical indices. The head has index 0; element e_i has index i. Part[expr,i] or expr[[i]] gives the part of expr with index i. Negative indices count ...
- [Building Large Software Systems in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/BuildingLargeSoftwareSystemsInTheWolframLanguage.en.md): Building large software systems in the Wolfram Language should follow the general principles that apply to building any large software system. The details may be unique to the Wolfram Language, but many of the principles are quite general. In addition, there are some extra techniques for which the Wolfram Language is particularly suitable. You should be aware of these and take advantage of them. These principles are relevant for any development other than quick prototyping of tools for rapid ...
- [Building Up Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/BuildingUpCalculations.en.md): In doing calculations, you will often need to use previous results that you have got. In the Wolfram Language, % always stands for your last result. You will have noticed that all the input and output lines in the Wolfram Language are numbered. You can use these numbers to refer to previous results. If you use a text-based interface to the Wolfram System, then successive input and output lines will always appear in order. However, if you use a notebook interface to the Wolfram System, as ...
- [Building Up Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/BuildingUpCalculationsOverview.en.md): Using Previous Results Defining Variables Values for Symbols
- [Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Calculus.en.md): When you find the derivative of some expression f with respect to x, you are effectively finding out how fast f changes as you vary x. Often f will depend not only on x, but also on other variables, say y and z. The results that you get then depend on how you assume that y and z vary as you change x. There are two common cases. Either y and z are assumed to stay fixed when x changes, or they are allowed to vary with x. In a standard partial derivative ( \\[PartialD]f ) / ( \\[PartialD]x ) , ...
- [Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CalculusOverview.en.md): Differentiation Total Derivatives Derivatives of Unknown Functions
- [Calling External Libraries with the Wolfram Compiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CallingExternalLibrariesWithTheCompiler.en.md): Many compiled languages (such as C, C++, Rust, Swift, Haskell, etc.) can compile C-compatible dynamic libraries. Functions in these libraries can be directly called in compiled Wolfram Language code, making it possible to write high-performance links between top-level Wolfram Language and dynamic libraries. This tutorial contains a short example of a connection to a single OpenSSL function, as well as an extended example of an interface to a large piece of SQLite functionality. OpenSSL exposes ...
- [Calling Subsidiary Wolfram System Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CallingSubsidiaryWolframSystemProcesses.en.md): The basic way that the various different objects involved in a Wolfram System session are kept organized is by using Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) packets. A WSTP packet is simply an expression with a definite head that indicates its role or meaning. If you enter input to the Wolfram Language using EnterTextPacket[\input\], then the Wolfram Language will automatically generate a string version of your output and will respond with ReturnTextPacket[\output\]. But if you instead enter ...
- [Changing Coordinate Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ChangingCoordinateSystems.en.md): Changing coordinate systems can involve two very different operations. One is recomputing coordinate values that correspond to the same point. The other is re-expressing a field in terms of new variables. The Wolfram Language provides functions to perform both these operations. Two coordinate systems are related by a mapping that takes coordinate values in the old system and returns coordinate values in the new system. The function CoordinateTransformData returns information about mappings ...
- [Introduction to Chat Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ChatNotebooks.en.md): Chat Notebooks provide interactive chat-based access to large language models (LLMs), including the ability to offer natural language-based assistance in using the Wolfram Language. From the menu, choose File > New > Chat Notebook or press Alt +N or Cmd+Option+N. In a Chat Notebook, as in a standard notebook, the default cell type is a Wolfram Language input cell. Chat input cells can be created in several different ways.
- [Citation Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CitationManagement.en.md): With the Wolfram Language's citation management features, you can annotate and add references to research papers written using the Wolfram Language. These features work in conjunction with the standard BibTeX format for reference data as well as with EndNote, a powerful system from Thomson Reuters that allows you to perform online research as well as automatically format citations for thousands of different journals. Currently this functionality is only available on Windows. EndNote, a ...
- [Compiled Components](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CompiledComponents.en.md): Compiled components represent collections of compiled functionality. This includes declarations that can be used in compiled code and installed functions that can be used in top-level code. Compiled components provide a framework for packaging and distributing this functionality. Integration with the paclet system makes it possible to distribute a compiled component and its associated builds beyond a single kernel session. In this example, a compiled component is defined that exposes a few ...
- [Compiler for System Modeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CompilerForSystemModeling.en.md): The system modeling functionality uses a C++ compiler to build executables for fast simulation of models. Simulation of models requires the installation of a compiler on your computer. If a supported compiler is already installed, it will be automatically detected and used, and no further action has to be taken. Trigger loading of the system modeling functionality: On Windows, the functionality has been fully tested with and supports the following compilers:
- [Complex Polynomial Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ComplexPolynomialSystems.en.md): The Wolfram Language functions Reduce, Resolve, and FindInstance allow you to solve a wide variety of problems that can be expressed in terms of equations and inequalities. The functions use a collection of algorithms applicable to classes of problems satisfying particular properties, as well as a set of heuristics that attempt to reduce the given problem to a sequence of problems that can be solved using the algorithms. This tutorial describes the algorithms used to solve the class of ...
- [Configuration Files for the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConfigurationFiles.en.md): The Wolfram System stores preference settings and initialization data in two directories, $BaseDirectory and $UserBaseDirectory. Within each of these directories are several possible subdirectories with titles such as FrontEnd, Kernel, and Licensing. Global settings that affect all users are stored in subdirectories of the directory $BaseDirectory. The default value of $BaseDirectory for different operating systems is shown in the following table. To redefine the location of global preference ...
- [Connecting To WebSocket Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConnectingToWebSocketServices.en.md): WebSocket is a communications protocol that allows the bidirectional transmission of text and binary data. There is an insecure variant (WS) and a secure variant over TLS (WSS). For each of these protocols, the WebSocket communication is established using an initial HTTP request to upgrade the connection to a WebSocket connection. Communication occurs between a WebSocket server and a WebSocket client. The Wolfram Language supports connecting to a WebSocket server as a WebSocket client. The ...
- [Comparison of Constrained Optimization Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationComparison.en.md): NMinimize, NMaximize, Minimize, and Maximize employ global optimization algorithms, and are thus suitable when a global optimum is needed. Minimize and Maximize can find exact global optima for a class of optimization problems containing arbitrary polynomial problems. However, the algorithms used have a very high asymptotic complexity and therefore are suitable only for problems with a small number of variables. FindMinimum only attempts to find a local minimum, therefore is suitable when a ...
- [Exact Global Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationExact.en.md): Global optimization problems can be solved exactly using Minimize, Maximize, MinValue, MaxValue, ArgMin and ArgMax. Depending on the type of problem, several different algorithms can be used. The most general method is based on the cylindrical algebraic decomposition (CAD) algorithm. It applies when the objective function and the constraints are real algebraic functions. The method can always compute global extrema (or extremal values, if the extrema are not attained). If parameters are ...
- [Numerical Nonlinear Global Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationGlobalNumerical.en.md): Numerical algorithms for constrained nonlinear optimization can be broadly categorized into gradient-based methods and direct search methods. Gradient-based methods use first derivatives (gradients) or second derivatives (Hessians). Examples are the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, the augmented Lagrangian method, and the (nonlinear) interior point method. Direct search methods do not use derivative information. Examples are Nelder-Mead, genetic algorithm and differential ...
- [Introduction to Constrained Optimization in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationIntroduction.en.md): Constrained optimization problems are problems for which a function f(x) is to be minimized or maximized subject to constraints \\[CapitalPhi] (x). Here f:\\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^n-> \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR] is called the objective function and \\[CapitalPhi](x) is a Boolean-valued formula. In the Wolfram Language the constraints \\[CapitalPhi](x) can be an arbitrary Boolean combination of equations g(x)==0, weak inequalities g(x)>=0, strict inequalities g(x)>0, and ...
- [Linear Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationLinearProgramming.en.md): Linear optimization problems are defined as problems where the objective function and constraints are all linear. The Wolfram Language has a collection of algorithms for solving linear optimization problems with real variables, accessed via LinearOptimization, FindMinimum, FindMaximum, NMinimize, NMaximize, Minimize and Maximize. LinearOptimization gives direct access to linear optimization algorithms, provides the most flexibility for specifying the methods used, and is the most efficient for ...
- [Numerical Nonlinear Local Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationLocalNumerical.en.md): Numerical algorithms for constrained nonlinear optimization can be broadly categorized into gradient-based methods and direct search methods. Gradient search methods use first derivatives (gradients) or second derivatives (Hessians) information. Examples are the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, the augmented Lagrangian method, and the (nonlinear) interior point method. Direct search methods do not use derivative information. Examples are Nelder-Mead, genetic algorithm and ...
- [Constrained Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationOverview.en.md): Introduction Linear Optimization Numerical Nonlinear Local Optimization
- [References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ConstrainedOptimizationReferences.en.md): 
- [Core Language How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CoreLanguageHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Work with Variables and Functions Work with Lists Work with Rules
- [Core Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CoreLanguageOverview.en.md): How to Topics Building Up Calculations Lists
- [Creating Dialog Boxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CreatingDialogBoxes.en.md): In the Wolfram System, dialog boxes are customized notebooks used to provide users with information and/or request user input. There are two properties associated with dialogs. A modal dialog forces the user to respond to the dialog before doing anything else. This allows the front end to acquire the information necessary to either complete or initiate an evaluation. For example, when most applications close, a modal dialog will appear, prompting the user to save changes. Since the response is ...
- [Creating Palettes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CreatingPalettes.en.md): Palettes are like extensions of your keyboard. They can be used to perform many actions in the Wolfram System, including entering typesetting characters, styling notebooks, and performing evaluations. As with any notebook, creating palettes can be done with a menu item or programmatically. Palette notebooks have a unique property. They can be a currently selected notebook but cannot normally be an InputNotebook. This allows the palette to perform operations on the notebook into which keyboard ...
- [CUDA Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CUDAProgramming.en.md): CUDA is a parallel computing architecture for Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). It contains functions that use CUDA-enabled GPUs to boost performance in a number of areas. This is particularly relevant for applying related functions to large blocks of data that can be done in parallel. In recent years, this has become particularly useful for machine learning applications. CUDA functionality requires that a CUDA-enabled GPU be present. In addition, for many features, extra software may be ...
- [Currency Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CurrencyUnits.en.md): Because of the dynamic nature of currency values, internet connectivity is required to retrieve up-to-date exchange rates. By default, the Wolfram Language will automatically query FinancialData for the latest exchange rate information when doing arithmetic or unit conversion.
- [Custom Interface Construction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/CustomInterfaceConstructionOverview.en.md): Manipulate Introduction to Control Objects Views
- [Data Drop with Arduino Yun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DataDropWithArduinoYun.en.md): This tutorial shows how to upload data directly from an Arduino Yun to Data Drop, using the Arduino Device Driver. To interface with Data Drop, the Arduino Yun needs to be connected to the internet. Note that all of this functionality is only compatible with the Arduino Yun and will not function with the Arduino Uno. The easiest way to set up the Arduino Yun is to connect the Ethernet cable jack to the network. This requires no setup on the Yun and is also the most reliable form of network ...
- [Data Formats in Wolfram|Alpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DataFormatsInWolframAlpha.en.md): In addition to its graphical results, Wolfram|Alpha can provide alternative representations that contain additional information or are well suited to particular tasks. These alternative representations are collectively referred to as data formats. Not all results have all these formats; indeed, it is difficult to conceive of a single result that could have all these representations. Therefore, there exist both interactive and programmatic mechanisms to determine and request the various ...
- [Data Formats in Wolfram|Alpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DataFormatsInWolframAlphaOverview.en.md): Introduction Exploring Data Formats Interactively Obtaining Data Formats Programmatically
- [Data Manipulation How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DataManipulationHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Use Curated Data Clean up Data Imported from a Website Clean up Data Imported from a ZIP File
- [Data Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DataManipulationOverview.en.md): How to Topics Files, Streams, and External Operations Importing and Exporting
- [Defining Your Own Wavelet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DefiningYourOwnWavelet.en.md): You can define wavelets to plug into the wavelet analysis framework by using the correct template. A wavelet wave is of the form wfam[args], where wfam is the symbol that indicates the wavelet family and args provide any necessary specification. In order to set wfam as a wavelet family recognized by the system, the property wfam[patt][WaveletQ] must be set to True, where patt is a pattern that matches acceptable arguments args. Both orthogonal and biorthogonal user wavelets are supported. ...
- [Developing Device Drivers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DevelopingDeviceDrivers.en.md): The Wolfram Device Framework, built into the Wolfram Language, creates symbolic objects that represent external devices, streamlines interaction with devices, and facilitates the authoring of device drivers. A device in the framework can represent both an actual device, such as a temperature sensor, or encapsulate a port, such as a serial port. This tutorial explains the internals of the framework for advanced users and developers of device drivers. For details of the interaction with devices ...
- [Differences between Computer Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DifferencesBetweenComputerSystems.en.md): There are many detailed differences between different kinds of computer systems. But one of the important features of the Wolfram Language is that it allows you to work and create material without being concerned about such differences. In order to fit in as well as possible with particular computer systems, the user interface for the Wolfram System on different systems is inevitably at least slightly different. But the crucial point is that beyond superficial differences, the Wolfram System ...
- [Digital Filter Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DigitalFilterDesign.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a comprehensive set of methods for designing digital filters. This method obtains a finite impulse response (FIR) from a given prototype filter specification in the frequency domain by means of the inverse discrete-time Fourier transform. Define a zero-phase ideal lowpass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1.2 radians per sample.
- [Diophantine Polynomial Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DiophantineReduce.en.md): A Diophantine polynomial system is an expression constructed with polynomial equations and inequalities combined using logical connectives and quantifiers where the variables represent integer quantities.
- [Doing Computations in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DoingComputationsInNotebooks.en.md): Wolfram System notebooks are structured interactive documents that are organized into a sequence of cells. Each cell may contain text, graphics, sounds or Wolfram Language expressions in any combination. When a notebook is displayed on the screen, the extent of each cell is indicated by a bracket on the right. The notebook front end for the Wolfram Language provides many ways to enter and edit the material in a notebook. Some of these ways will be standard to whatever computer system or ...
- [Classification of Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveClassificationOfDifferentialEquations.en.md): While differential equations have three basic types--ordinary (ODEs), partial (PDEs), or differential-algebraic (DAEs), they can be further described by attributes such as order, linearity, and degree. The solution method used by DSolve and the nature of the solutions depend heavily on the class of equation being solved. The order of a differential equation is the order of the highest derivative in the equation. A differential equation is linear if the equation is of the first degree in y and ...
- [Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveDifferentialAlgebraicEquations.en.md): The systems of equations that govern certain phenomena (in electrical circuits, chemical kinetics, etc.) contain a combination of differential equations and algebraic equations. The differential equations are responsible for the dynamical evolution of the system, while the algebraic equations serve to constrain the solutions to certain manifolds. It is therefore of some interest to study the solutions of such differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). These tutorials are restricted to linear ...
- [Initial and Boundary Value Problems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveInitialAndBoundaryValueProblems.en.md): DSolve can be used for finding the general solution to a differential equation or system of differential equations. The general solution gives information about the structure of the complete solution space for the problem. However, in practice, one is often interested only in particular solutions that satisfy some conditions related to the area of application. These conditions are usually of two types. The symbolic solution of both IVPs and BVPs requires knowledge of the general solution for ...
- [Introduction to Differential Equation Solving with DSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveIntroduction.en.md): The Wolfram Language function DSolve finds symbolic solutions to differential equations. (The Wolfram Language function NDSolve, on the other hand, is a general numerical differential equation solver.) DSolve can handle the following types of equations: Finding symbolic solutions to ordinary differential equations. DSolve returns results as lists of rules. This makes it possible to return multiple solutions to an equation. For a system of equations, possibly multiple solution sets are grouped ...
- [Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveOrdinaryDifferentialEquations.en.md): There are four major areas in the study of ordinary differential equations that are of interest in pure and applied science. Of these four areas, the study of exact solutions has the longest history, dating back to the period just after the discovery of calculus by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. The following table introduces the types of equations that can be solved by DSolve. Examples of ODEs belonging to each of these types are given in other tutorials (clicking a link ...
- [Symbolic Differential Equation Solving](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveOverview.en.md): Introduction to Differential Equation Solving with DSolve Classification of Differential Equations Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs)
- [Partial Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolvePartialDifferentialEquations.en.md): This notebook is about finding analytical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs). If you are interested in numeric solutions of PDEs, then the numeric PDEModels Overview is a good starting point. A partial differential equation (PDE) is a relationship between an unknown function u(x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_n) and its derivatives with respect to the variables x_ 1,x_ 2,...,x_n. PDEs occur naturally in applications; they model the rate of change of a physical quantity with respect to both ...
- [References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveReferences.en.md): 
- [Working with DSolve: A User's Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DSolveWorkingWithDSolve.en.md): The aim of these tutorials is to provide a self-contained working guide for solving different types of problems with DSolve. The first step in using DSolve is to set up the problem correctly. The next step is to use DSolve to get an expression for the solution. Once the solution has been found, it can be verified using symbolic or numerical techniques, or it can be plotted using a Wolfram System function such as Plot, Plot3D, or ContourPlot. Plots often reveal information about the solution ...
- [Dynamic and DynamicModule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DynamicAndDynamicModuleOverview.en.md): Introduction to Dynamic Advanced Dynamic Functionality
- [Dynamic Interactivity How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DynamicInteractivityHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Create Animations Build an Interactive Application Import and Export Animations
- [Dynamic Interactivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DynamicInteractivityOverview.en.md): How to Topics Dynamic and Dynamic Module Custom Interface Construction
- [DynamicModule Scoping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/DynamicModuleScoping.en.md): DynamicModule is intended to be a lexically scoping construct, meaning that DynamicModule variables will only scope any instances of those variables that appear literally in the body of the DynamicModule. This is similar to how Module works. For example, in the input: the symbol x is scoped by the DynamicModule and the instance of it in the body is localized and maintains a value that is tracked in the resulting user interface construct. The symbol y is unscoped and refers to the kernel's ...
- [Editing Wolfram Language Graphics Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/EditingWolframLanguageGraphicsOverview.en.md): Introduction to Editing Graphics Drawing Tools Selecting Graphics Objects
- [Entering a Single-Machine Password](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/EnteringASingleMachinePassword.en.md): If the Wolfram System client cannot get a license from MathLM or through online activation, you can enter a single-machine password. When using a single-machine password, the Wolfram System does not get a license from the license server. Depending on your license type, entering a single-machine password may require contacting Wolfram Research to purchase additional licenses. When you choose Enter Password from the License Expired dialog boxes described in Troubleshooting MathLM, the following ...
- [Entering Input in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/EnteringInputInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram System's notebook interface is a very powerful typesetting system that allows you to enter formulas as they are written in mathematical literature, using two-dimensional notation such as superscripts, subscripts, and so on. Mathematical symbols and two-dimensional notation can be entered from the keyboard as well as through palettes. Formulas entered in two-dimensional form can be used for input in the Wolfram Language.
- [Error and Interrupt Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ErrorAndInterruptHandling.en.md): When you are putting and getting data via the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) various kinds of errors can occur. Whenever any error occurs, WSTP goes into a completely inactive state, and all WSTP functions you call will return 0 immediately. When you do complicated operations, it is often convenient to check for errors only at the end. If you find that an error occurred, you must then call WSClearError() to activate WSTP again. After an error, it is common to want to discard the ...
- [Evaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Evaluation.en.md): The following is the sequence of steps that the Wolfram Language follows in evaluating an expression like h[e_ 1,e_ 2...]. Every time the expression changes, the Wolfram Language effectively starts the evaluation sequence over again. There are a number of built-in Wolfram Language functions that evaluate their arguments in special ways. The control structure While is an example. The symbol While has the attribute HoldAll. As a result, the arguments of While are not evaluated as part of the ...
- [Evaluation of Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/EvaluationOfExpressions.en.md): The fundamental operation that the Wolfram Language performs is evaluation. Whenever you enter an expression, the Wolfram Language evaluates the expression, then returns the result. Evaluation in the Wolfram Language works by applying a sequence of definitions. The definitions can either be ones you explicitly entered, or ones that are built into the Wolfram Language. Thus, for example, the Wolfram Language evaluates the expression 6+7 using a built-in procedure for adding integers. Similarly, ...
- [Evaluation of Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/EvaluationOfExpressionsOverview.en.md): Principles of Evaluation Reducing Expressions to Their Standard Form Attributes
- [Exception Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ExceptionHandling.en.md): This tutorial describes exception handling in the Wolfram Language as a means for structured error handling, typically required in larger projects. This part of the language is typically used in software engineering, rather than, e.g. exploratory or small-scale programming. You will benefit the most from using the Exceptions framework, and therefore reading this tutorial, if you are a creator of a package or otherwise a project of a relatively large size and complexity. If all your work is ...
- [Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Expressions.en.md): The Wolfram Language handles many different kinds of things: mathematical formulas, lists, and graphics, to name a few. Although they often look very different, the Wolfram Language represents all of these things in one uniform way. They are all expressions. A prototypical example of a Wolfram Language expression is f[x,y]. You might use f[x,y] to represent a mathematical function f (x,y). The function is named f, and it has two arguments, x and y. You do not always have to write expressions ...
- [Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ExpressionsOverview.en.md): Everything Is an Expression The Meaning of Expressions Special Ways to Input Expressions
- [Files and Streams](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FilesAndStreams.en.md): Most files used by the Wolfram System are completely system independent. .mx and .exe files are however system dependent. For these files, there is a convention that bundles of versions for different computer systems have names with forms such as name/$SystemID/name. In general, when you refer to a file, the Wolfram System tries to resolve its name as follows: For names of the form name` the following further translations are done in Get and related functions:
- [Files, Streams, and External Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FilesStreamsAndExternalOperations.en.md): You can use files on your computer system to store definitions and results from the Wolfram Language. The most general approach is to store everything as plain text that is appropriate for input to the Wolfram Language. With this approach, a version of the Wolfram Language running on one computer system produces files that can be read by a version running on any computer system. In addition, such files can be manipulated by other standard programs, such as text editors. When you read in a file ...
- [Files, Streams, and External Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FilesStreamsAndExternalOperationsOverview.en.md): Reading and Writing Wolfram System Files External Programs Streams and Low-Level Input and Output
- [Foreign Function Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ForeignFunctions.en.md): The foreign function interface (FFI) allows the Wolfram Language to call functions exported from external libraries. The libraries need to be dynamic shared libraries but do not need modification to add a special interface layer. If a library can be used from another program, such as one written in C, it should be callable with FFI. It is also fast to set up, since no compiled code is created. Some of the features of the Wolfram Language FFI include working with a range of types (both atomic ...
- [Fractional Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FractionalCalculus.en.md): Fractional calculus develops the theory of differentiation and integration of any real or complex order. It extends the classical calculus basic operations to fractional orders and studies the methods of solving differential equations involving these fractional-order derivatives and integrals [1]. Fractional calculus is not just a pure mathematical theory. This branch is becoming more and more popular in diffusion problems, fluid dynamics, control theory, signal processing and other areas. A ...
- [Solving Frobenius Equations and Computing Frobenius Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Frobenius.en.md): A Frobenius equation is an equation of the form where a_ 1, ..., a_n are positive integers, m is an integer, and the coordinates x_ 1, ..., x_n of solutions are required to be non-negative integers. The Frobenius number of a_ 1, ..., a_n is the largest integer m for which the Frobenius equation a_ 1x_ 1+...+a_nx _n==m has no solutions.
- [Functional Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FunctionalOperations.en.md): In an expression like f[x], the function name f is itself an expression, and you can treat it as you would any other expression. The ability to treat the names of functions just like other kinds of expressions is an important consequence of the symbolic nature of the Wolfram Language. It makes possible the whole range of functional operations. Ordinary Wolfram Language functions such as Log or Integrate typically operate on data such as numbers and algebraic expressions. Wolfram Language ...
- [Functional Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FunctionalOperationsOverview.en.md): Function Names as Expressions Applying Functions Repeatedly Applying Functions to Lists and Other Expressions
- [Functions and Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FunctionsAndPrograms.en.md): There are many functions that are built into the Wolfram Language. This tutorial discusses how you can add your own simple functions to the Wolfram Language. As a first example, consider adding a function called f which squares its argument. The Wolfram Language command to define this function is f[x_]:=x^2. The _ (referred to as blank) on the left-hand side is very important; what it means is discussed here. For now, just remember to put a _ on the left-hand side, but not on the right-hand ...
- [Functions and Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/FunctionsAndProgramsOverview.en.md): Defining Functions Functions as Procedures Manipulating Options
- [Generalized Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GeneralizedInput.en.md): The fundamental paradigm of most computer languages, including the Wolfram Language, is that input is given and processed into output. Historically, such input has consisted of strings of letters and numbers obeying a certain syntax. Starting in Version 3, the Wolfram Language has supported the use of two-dimensional typeset mathematical notations as input, freely mixed with textual input. Starting with Version 6, a wide range of non-textual objects can be used as input just as easily, and can ...
- [GeoGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GeoGraphics.en.md): Since Version 10.0 of the Wolfram Language, GeoGraphics allows a simple and general way of constructing maps of the surface of the Earth and other celestial bodies. GeoGraphics combines the powerful Graphics functionality with fast and highly precise geodetic computations and also direct access to the Wolfram Knowledgebase through the Entity framework. The fundamental new ingredient in GeoGraphics with respect to standard 2D Graphics is the fact that the surface of the Earth is curved and ...
- [Getting Information about Wolfram Language Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GettingInformationAboutWolframLanguageObjects.en.md): You can ask for information about any object, whether it is built into the Wolfram Language, has been read in from a Wolfram Language package, or has been introduced by you. When you are using the Wolfram Language through the notebook-based interface, ?name gives you usage information with a link to the documentation for the function. When you use ? to get information, you must make sure that the question mark appears as the first character in your input line. You need to do this so that the ...
- [Getting Information from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GettingInformationFromTheWolframLanguageOverview.en.md): Getting Information about Wolfram Language Objects Warnings and Messages Interrupting Calculations
- [Getting Started](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GettingStartedOverview.en.md): Your First Wolfram Language Calculations Arithmetic Defining Variables
- [Getting Started with Model Simulation and Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GettingStartedWithModelSimulationAndAnalysis.en.md): System modeling functionality is included in the Wolfram Language, allowing simulation and analysis of real-world phenomena in many domains. The full Wolfram SystemModeler product also includes dedicated graphical user interfaces for model creation, exploration, simulation and analysis. This tutorial gives an introduction to the functionality included in the Wolfram Language.
- [Getting Used to the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GettingUsedToTheWolframLanguage.en.md): If you have used other computer systems before, you will probably notice some similarities and some differences. Often you will find the differences the most difficult parts to remember. It may help you, however, to understand a little about why the Wolfram Language is set up the way it is, and why such differences exist. One important feature of the Wolfram Language that differs from other computer languages, and from conventional mathematical notation, is that function arguments are enclosed ...
- [Global Aspects of Wolfram System Sessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GlobalAspectsOfWolframSystemSessions.en.md): In any interactive session, the Wolfram System effectively operates in a loop. It waits for your input, processes the input, prints the result, then goes back to waiting for input again. As part of this main loop, the Wolfram System maintains and uses various global objects. You will often find it useful to work with these objects. You should realize, however, that if you use the Wolfram System through a special front end, your front end may set up its own main loop, and what is said here may ...
- [Global Aspects of Wolfram System Sessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GlobalAspectsOfWolframSystemSessionsOverview.en.md): The Main Loop Dialogs Date and Time Functions
- [General Graph Drawing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphDrawing.en.md): GraphPlot and GraphPlot3D calculate and plot a visually appealing 2D/3D layout of a graph. The functions are designed to work with very large graphs and handle both connected and disconnected graphs. GraphPlot may produce slightly different output on different platforms, due to floating-point differences. The following options are accepted for GraphPlot and GraphPlot3D; in addition, options for Graphics and Graphics3D are accepted.
- [Introduction to Graph Drawing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphDrawingIntroduction.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides functions for the aesthetic drawing of graphs. Algorithms implemented include spring embedding, spring-electrical embedding, high-dimensional embedding, radial drawing, random embedding, circular embedding, and spiral embedding. In addition, algorithms for layered/hierarchical drawing of directed graphs as well as for the drawing of trees are available. These algorithms are implemented via four functions: GraphPlot, GraphPlot3D, LayeredGraphPlot, and TreePlot. ...
- [Graph Drawing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphDrawingOverview.en.md): Introduction General Graph Drawing Hierarchical Drawing of Directed Graphs
- [Graphics and Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphicsAndSound.en.md): When the Wolfram Language plots a graph for you, it has to make many choices. It has to work out what the scales should be, where the function should be sampled, how the axes should be drawn, and so on. Most of the time, the Wolfram Language will probably make pretty good choices. However, if you want to get the very best possible pictures for your particular purposes, you may have to help the Wolfram Language in making some of its choices. There is a general mechanism for specifying options ...
- [Graphics and Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GraphicsAndSoundOverview.en.md): Basic Plotting Options for Graphics Redrawing and Combining Plots
- [Grids, Rows, and Columns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GridsRowsAndColumnsOverview.en.md): The Basic Constructs Classes of Functionality Options Syntax
- [Group Theory Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/GroupTheoryAlgorithms.en.md): This tutorial introduces some basic algorithms for computing with finite permutation groups, other than those introduced in Permutation Groups. A subgroup H of a group G partitions the list of elements of G into disjoint subsets, called cosets of H in G, such that H is one of them and the rest are of the form H\\[CircleDot]g for some element g of G, with \\[CircleDot] denoting the product law. A way of identifying the coset is by selecting a representative from each coset, for example the ...
- [Handling Lists, Arrays, and Other Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/HandlingListsArraysAndOtherExpressions.en.md): The Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) allows you to exchange data of any type with external programs. For more common types of data, you simply need to give appropriate :ArgumentTypes: or :ReturnType: specifications in your WSTP template file. You can mix basic types of arguments in any way you want. Whenever you use IntegerList or RealList, however, you have to include an extra argument in your C program to represent the length of the list. Note that when a list is passed to a C ...
- [Handwritten Math Recognition in Windows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/HandwrittenMathRecognition.en.md): The Wolfram System uses the Microsoft math recognizer that is built into Windows 7 and higher to recognize handwritten mathematical expressions. This allows you to enter handwritten standardized mathematical notation into a Wolfram System notebook in TraditionalForm. The Math Handwriting Input panel was designed to be used with a digital pen on supported devices, but you can use it with any input device, such as a touchscreen, external digitizer, or even a mouse. If the Windows math recognizer ...
- [How WSTP Is Used](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/HowWSTPIsUsed.en.md): The Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) provides a mechanism through which programs can interact with the Wolfram Language. WSTP provides a general interface for external programs to communicate with the Wolfram Language. Many standard software systems now have WSTP compatibility either built in or available in add-on modules. In addition, the WSTP Developer Kit bundled with most versions of the Wolfram System provides the tools you need to create your own WSTP-compatible programs.
- [I2C Setup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/I2CSetup.en.md): This tutorial shows how to set up I2C on a Raspberry Pi so that an I2C device can be used with the Wolfram Language. Note that while these commands must be run as root, the Wolfram Language does not have to be run by the root user to use I2C if using the latest Jessie release of Raspbian. Next, the I2C Linux kernel modules must also be enabled at boot for the bus to be accessible from the Wolfram Language. The following kernel modules must be loaded for all Raspberry Pi boards.
- [Image Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ImageProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides built-in support for both programmatic and interactive image processing, fully integrated with the Wolfram Language's powerful mathematical and algorithmic capabilities. You can create and import images, manipulate them with built-in functions, apply linear and nonlinear filters, and visualize them in any number of ways. Images can be created from numerical arrays, from Wolfram Language graphics via cut-and-paste methods, and from external sources via Import. The ...
- [Importing and Exporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ImportingAndExporting.en.md): Import[\file\,Table] will handle many kinds of tabular data, automatically deducing the details of the format whenever possible. Export[\file\,list,Table] writes out data separated by tabs, with numbers given in C or Fortran-like form, as in 2.3E5 and so on. Import and Export can handle not only tabular data, but also data corresponding to graphics, sounds, expressions and even whole documents. Import and Export can often deduce the appropriate format for data simply by looking at the ...
- [Importing and Exporting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ImportingAndExportingOverview.en.md): Importing and Exporting Data Importing and Exporting Files Exporting Graphics and Sounds
- [Importing & Exporting Video](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ImportingAndExportingVideo.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports importing from and exporting to a large number of multimedia containers and codecs. Together with the complete stacks for image and audio processing, this opens up video processing from simple processing to highly sophisticated analysis. A video file can be imported into the Wolfram Language as a Video object for further processing and analysis. Different parts of the data or metadata stored in video files are directly accessible via import elements. Supported ...
- [Incompatible Changes since Mathematica Version 1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IncompatibleChanges.en.md): Every new version of the Wolfram Language contains many new features. But careful design from the outset has allowed nearly total compatibility to be maintained between all versions. As a result, almost any code written, say, for Mathematica Version 1 in 1988 should be able to run without change in Wolfram Language Version 13--though it will often run considerably faster. One inevitable problem, however, is that if code uses names that begin with upper-case letters, then it is possible that ...
- [Input and Output in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InputAndOutputInNotebooks.en.md): Note that in the Wolfram Language the letter \\[Pi] stands for Pi. None of the other Greek letters have special meanings. One way to enter a two-dimensional form such as x^y into a Wolfram System notebook is to paste this form into the notebook by clicking the appropriate button in the palette. There are also several ways to enter two-dimensional forms directly from the keyboard.
- [Input and Output in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InputAndOutputInNotebooksOverview.en.md): Entering Greek Letters Entering Two-Dimensional Input Editing and Evaluating Two-Dimensional Expressions
- [Input Syntax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InputSyntax.en.md): All printable ASCII characters can be entered directly. Those that are not alphanumeric are assigned explicit names in the Wolfram Language, allowing them to be entered even on keyboards where they do not explicitly appear. All characters which are entered into the Wolfram Language kernel are interpreted according to the setting for the CharacterEncoding option for the stream from which they came. Codes for characters can be generated using ToCharacterCode. The Unicode standard is followed, ...
- [Installing Existing WSTP-Compatible Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InstallingExistingWSTPCompatiblePrograms.en.md): One of the most common uses of the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) is to allow you to call functions in an external program from within the Wolfram Language. Once the external program has been set up, all you need to do to be able to use it is to install it in your current Wolfram Language session. When you have a package written in the Wolfram Language, a single version will run unchanged on any computer system. But external programs typically need to be compiled separately for ...
- [Installing Mathematica](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InstallingMathematica.en.md): This page is accurate for Version 14.0 and lower of Mathematica, but for higher versions, Mathematica and related products are distributed through the Wolfram application. When Wolfram is downloaded and installed, whichever product(s) you own (such as Mathematica) will be activated and used through it. See Installing Wolfram for details. Mathematica is available for Windows, Linux and macOS. For a complete list of platform availability, visit ...
- [Installing MathLM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InstallingMathLM.en.md): MathLM is available for Windows, Linux, and macOS. For a detailed list of specific platforms, visit www.wolfram.com/mathematica/system-requirements.html. Each MathLM license server can support any combination of client machines, regardless of the platform on which MathLM itself is running. MathLM automatically supports both IPv4 and IPv6 environments. The machine that you choose as a license server should be stable and should have a reliable TCP/IP connection to the clients you want to serve. ...
- [Installing Wolfram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InstallingWolfram.en.md): This page is accurate for Version 14.1 and higher of Wolfram-based products, such as Mathematica. For lower versions, see Installing Mathematica for details. Wolfram is available for Windows, Linux and macOS. For a complete list of platform availability, visit www.wolfram.com/desktop/system-requirements. To set up Wolfram on your machine, you first need to download Wolfram. Installers are available in your Wolfram Account. If you cannot find your installers there, please check your Wolfram ...
- [Interacting with 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphics3DInteraction.en.md): You can rotate 3D graphics with your mouse. You can also rotate 3D objects about the axis perpendicular to the screen with your mouse. Graphics3DBox[{SphereBox[{-1, -1, 0}, 1.5], SphereBox[{1.5, 0.5, -0.5}, 0.5], SphereBox[{-2.5, -2.5, 0.5}, 0.5]}, Boxed -> False, ImageSize -> {402., 300.}, PlotRegion -> {{0., 0.746269}, {0., 1.}}, SphericalRegion -> True, ViewAngle -> 0.519072, ViewCenter -> {{0.5, 0.5, 0.5}, {0.710702, 0.479933}}, ViewPoint -> {0.394844, -0.981437, ...
- [Graphics as Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsDirectOutput.en.md): An image is equivalent to its symbolic expression. You can operate on an image as you would on a symbolic expression.
- [Resizing, Cropping, and Adding Margins to Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsLayout.en.md): The following sequence shows how to change the aspect ratio of a plot. The following sequence shows how to crop a portion of a plot. The following sequence shows how to set the margins of a graphic.
- [Drawing Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsPalette.en.md): Type Ctrl+DynamicBox[If[$OperatingSystem === MacOSX, T, D], ImageSizeCache -> {8.17969, {0., 8.72461}}] or choose Graphics > Drawing Tools. ...
- [Reshaping Graphics Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsReshaping.en.md): In this tutorial, the following topics are discussed: The following sequence explains how to use the Reshape tool ( , , and ). The following sequence shows where the selectable points of graphics primitives are located and how to select them.
- [Selecting Graphics Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsSelecting.en.md): The following sequence shows how to select an object inside a graphic. The following sequence shows how to select multiple objects inside a graphic. The following sequence shows how to copy and paste an object from one graphic to another.
- [Wolfram System Internet Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InternetConnectivity.en.md): The Wolfram System provides important functionality through accessing the internet. Most Wolfram Language functions that provide computable data operate by loading data over the internet. Some functions require real-time access to the internet; others update a local data repository by accessing the internet when required. The Wolfram Language also requires internet access when you explicitly use Import to read from a URL, or when you use web services. The Wolfram Language documentation system ...
- [Interrupting Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InterruptingCalculations.en.md): There will probably be times when you want to stop the Wolfram System in the middle of a calculation. Perhaps you realize that you asked the Wolfram System to do the wrong thing. Or perhaps the calculation is just taking a long time, and you want to find out what is going on. The way that you interrupt a Wolfram System calculation depends on what kind of interface you are using. When doing some operations, it may take the Wolfram System some time to respond to your interrupt. When the Wolfram ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionOverview.en.md): Running the Wolfram System Getting Started Working with the Notebook Interface
- [Introduction to Control Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToControlObjects.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes many controls and structures related to controls as part of its core language. These control objects are supported in a completely seamless way throughout the Wolfram Language, and can be used anywhere an expression can be used. These control objects also have a rich option environment, through which their behavior and display can be varied to suit your particular needs. In many cases, the display can be completely taken over by the user, allowing interfaces to be ...
- [Introduction to Dynamic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToDynamic.en.md): This tutorial describes the principles behind Dynamic, DynamicModule, and related functions, and goes into detail about how they interact with each other and with the rest of the Wolfram Language. These functions are the foundation of the higher-level function Manipulate that provides a simple yet powerful way of creating a great many interactive examples, programs, and Demonstrations, all in a very convenient, though relatively rigid, structure. If that structure solves the problem at hand, ...
- [Introduction to Editing Wolfram Language Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToInteractiveGraphics.en.md): 
- [Introduction to Manipulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToManipulate.en.md): The single command Manipulate lets you create an astonishing range of interactive applications with just a few lines of input. Manipulate is designed to be used by anyone who is comfortable using basic commands such as Table and Plot: it does not require learning any complicated new concepts, nor any understanding of user interface programming ideas. The output you get from evaluating a Manipulate command is an interactive object containing one or more controls (sliders, etc.) that you can use ...
- [Introduction to Toolbars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToToolbars.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unique symbolic architecture makes it easy to add toolbars with any possible appearance and action to a Wolfram System notebook. The ruler is a toolbar used to set the text margins of selected cells and the indentation of cell names and keywords. The notebook ruler can be added to a notebook by selecting Toolbar > Ruler in the Window menu or programmatically by using the notebook option WindowToolbars. For example, the ruler can be shown in the current notebook by ...
- [Introduction to WSTP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToWSTP.en.md): In many cases, you will find it convenient to communicate with external programs at a high level and to exchange structured data with them. On almost all computer systems, the Wolfram System supports the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) communication standard, which allows higher-level communication between the Wolfram System and external programs. In order to use WSTP, an external program has to include some special source code and a WSTP library, which are usually distributed with ...
- [Introduction to WSTPServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/IntroductionToWSTPServer.en.md): WSTPServer is a server program that launches and maintains Wolfram Language kernels for incoming WSTP connections. It listens on a single WSTP endpoint, allowing any number of clients to connect to a known location to obtain a kernel. It routes all traffic to kernels that it manages, allowing links to WSTPServer to behave as if they were direct links to kernels. Kernels can be configured with specific properties through the use of kernel pools. Because a WSTPServer kernel can be connected to, ...
- [Keyboard Shortcut Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/KeyboardShortcutListing.en.md): The shortcuts in the table above can only be used if a graphic is selected. The \\[AliasDelimiter] or (  \\[AliasDelimiter] ) character is produced by typing Esc. See InputAliases for information on setting your own input aliases.
- [Keyboard Shortcut Listing for the Wolfram Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/KeyboardShortcutListingWolframCloud.en.md): The \\[AliasDelimiter] or (  \\[AliasDelimiter] ) character is produced by typing Esc. See InputAliases for information on setting your own input aliases. The \\[AliasDelimiter] or (  \\[AliasDelimiter] ) character is produced by typing Esc.
- [Wolfram Language Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LanguageStructureOverview.en.md): Basic Objects Input Syntax Some General Notations and Conventions
- [Launching Wolfram on Linux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LaunchingMathematicaOnLinux.en.md): To run Wolfram using a network license, both the client machine and the license server must be on the network and MathLM must be running. If you do not have a MathLM license server, you will need to activate your copy of Wolfram. Please see Activating Products in Wolfram for more information. From a shell, type WolframNB and press Enter.
- [Launching Wolfram on macOS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LaunchingMathematicaOnMacOSX.en.md): To run Wolfram using a network license, both the client machine and the license server must be on the network and MathLM must be running. If you do not have a MathLM license server, you will need to activate your copy of Wolfram. Please see Activating Products in Wolfram for more information. Double-click the Wolfram icon in the directory where Wolfram is installed. Alternatively, if you have placed the Wolfram icon in the dock, single-click the icon.
- [Launching Wolfram on Windows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LaunchingMathematicaOnWindows.en.md): To run Wolfram using a network license, both the client machine and the license server must be on the network, and MathLM must be running. If you do not have a MathLM license server, you will need to activate your copy of Wolfram. Please see Activating Products in Wolfram for more information. From the Start menu, choose Programs > Wolfram 15 > Wolfram 15.
- [Launching MathLM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LaunchingMathLM.en.md): Once installed, MathLM starts running automatically by default each time the machine is rebooted. To start or stop MathLM manually, follow these instructions. It is assumed here that MathLM is installed in the default location, C:\\Program Files\\Wolfram Research\\MathLM. Under normal conditions, the installer will install MathLM as a service on the machine. This means MathLM will start automatically each time the machine is rebooted. You can manually change the settings that control whether ...
- [Launching Wolfram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LaunchingWolfram.en.md): Starting in Version 14.1, the Wolfram application was introduced as the new way for users to access Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition, Wolfram|One and Finance Platform. Previous versions of Mathematica, etc. are launched similarly as described below, except replacing instances of Wolfram with Mathematica. To run Wolfram using a network license, both the client machine and the license server must be on the network, and MathLM must be running. If you do not have a MathLM license ...
- [Hierarchical Drawing of Directed Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LayeredGraphDrawing.en.md): LayeredGraphPlot attempts to draw the vertices of a graph in a series of layers, placing dominant vertices at the top, and vertices lower in the hierarchy progressively further down. LayeredGraphPlot draws a graph so that the edges point predominantly downward. The second argument of LayeredGraphPlot specifies the position of the root. Possible values for this argument are Right, Left, Top, and Bottom. LayeredGraphPlot may produce slightly different output on different platforms, due to ...
- [Linear Algebra in Wolfram Language: References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraAppendix.en.md): ARPACK is a collection of Fortran77 subroutines designed to solve large-scale eigenvalue problems. http://www.caam.rice.edu/software/ARPACK The ATLAS (Automatically Tuned Linear Algebra Software) project provides C and Fortran77 interfaces to a portable efficient BLAS implementation, as well as a few routines from LAPACK. http://math-atlas.sourceforge.net The Harwell-Boeing matrix format is a popular storage and description format for sparse matrix data, described at ...
- [Linear Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebra.en.md): Matrices in the Wolfram Language are represented as lists of lists. You can use all the standard Wolfram Language list-manipulation operations on matrices. A range of indices can be specified by using ;; (Span). The Wolfram Language represents matrices and vectors using lists. Anything that is not a list the Wolfram Language considers as a scalar.
- [Linear Algebra Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraExamples.en.md): This tutorial shows a number of examples of the use of Wolfram Language for computations that involve linear algebra. Certain sparse matrix techniques try to reorder the matrix so that elements are grouped into blocks. The computation then works on each block using dense matrix techniques. One simple way to order a matrix into blocks involves sorting according to the sum of elements on each row. This will be demonstrated in this example. First, generate a symmetric random sparse matrix:
- [Linear Algebra in Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraInMathematicaOverview.en.md): Introduction Matrix and Tensor Operations Working with Sparse Arrays
- [Introduction to Linear Algebra in Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraIntroduction.en.md): Wolfram Language has a broad range of functions to support linear algebra operations and to integrate them into the system. It can work with vectors, matrices, and tensors that can contain machine-precision floating-point numbers, arbitrary-precision floating-point numbers, complex floating-point numbers, integers, rational numbers, and general symbolic quantities. Linear algebra operations are supported for matrices that contain all these different types of entry. Wolfram Language supports ...
- [Matrix and Tensor Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraMatrixAndTensorOperations.en.md): This tutorial reviews the functions that Wolfram Language provides for building and working with matrices, vectors, and tensors. It focuses on functions that are specific to Wolfram Language, and uses matrices for many of the examples. However, all the functions are general, and they will also work for vectors and tensors. Matrices are represented in Wolfram Language with lists. They can be entered directly with the { } notation that Wolfram Language provides for lists. An example of a matrix ...
- [Matrix Computations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraMatrixComputations.en.md): This tutorial reviews the functions that Wolfram Language provides for carrying out matrix computations. Further information on these functions can be found in standard mathematical texts by such authors as Golub and van Loan or Meyer. The operations described in this tutorial are unique to matrices; an exception is the computation of norms, which also extends to scalars and vectors. This section gives a review of some basic concepts and operations that will be used throughout the tutorial to ...
- [Matrix Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraMatrixTypes.en.md): Matrices in Wolfram Language can be constructed from all the different types of objects that Wolfram Language holds. They can contain machine-precision real and complex floating-point numbers, arbitrary-precision real and complex floating-point numbers, integers, rational numbers, and general symbolic quantities. This tutorial considers the different types of matrices that Wolfram Language supports. In order to understand the different types of matrices that Wolfram Language can work with, it ...
- [Linear Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraOverview.en.md): Constructing Matrices Getting and Setting Pieces of Matrices Scalars, Vectors, and Matrices
- [Performance of Linear Algebra Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraPerformance.en.md): This tutorial covers issues related to performance. One of the challenges of building Wolfram Language is to make sure that the system is general enough to support symbolic computation and fast enough so that numerical computation is efficient. These and other goals are described under Design Principles of Wolfram Language. One technique that Wolfram Language provides is to use specialized representations for important types of Wolfram Language expression. In the case of linear algebra this ...
- [Working with Sparse Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LinearAlgebraSparseArrays.en.md): Sparse representations of matrices are useful because they do not store every element. If one particular value appears very frequently it can be very advantageous to use a sparse representation. Wolfram Language offers a sparse representation for matrices, vectors, and tensors with SparseArray. This tutorial discusses how to create and work with SparseArray objects in Wolfram Language. If you are interested in carrying out linear algebra computations on sparse matrices, you should consult ...
- [Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Lists.en.md): In doing calculations, it is often convenient to collect together several objects, and treat them as a single entity. Lists give you a way to make collections of objects in the Wolfram Language. As you will see later, lists are very important and general structures in the Wolfram Language. A list such as {3,5,1} is a collection of three objects. But in many ways, you can treat the whole list as a single object. You can, for example, do arithmetic on the whole list at once, or assign the whole ...
- [Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ListsOverview.en.md): Making Lists of Objects Collecting Objects Together Making Tables of Values
- [Loading Numerical Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LoadingNumericalData.en.md): There are many different data formats that fall under the umbrella of numerical data (and they need not be entirely numerical in nature). The main distinction between numerical data and generic data is that the desired Wolfram Language form of the data will be represented by reals, integers, rationals, or complex numbers, rather than strings or symbols. A typical example of numerical data might be a two-column array of floating-point numbers stored as Comma Separated Values (CSV). Another ...
- [Loading Numerical Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LoadingNumericalDataOverview.en.md): There are many different data formats that fall under the umbrella of numerical data (and they need not be entirely, or even primarily, numerical in nature). The main distinction between numerical data and generic data is that the desired Wolfram Language form of the data will be represented by reals, integers, rationals, or complex numbers, rather than strings or symbols. Loading Numerical Data
- [Logging MathLM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LoggingMathLM.en.md): You can enable logging in two ways. The log file records messages as they occur, building up a detailed record of license activity over a period of time. Logging supports both IPv4 and IPv6 environments with no additional configuration required.
- [Configuring Lightweight Grid Kernels for Parallel Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/LWGConfiguration.en.md): The Wolfram Lightweight Grid Manager makes Wolfram Engines, or kernels, available over the network to use as parallel subkernels. This note discusses how to configure the parallel master kernel to use such Lightweight Grid kernels for parallel computation. In Version 13.1 of the Wolfram System, the way these Lightweight Grid kernels are configured has changed. This document show how to discover, configure and use Lightweight Grid kernels. There are two ways to configure kernels provided by ...
- [Manipulating Equations and Inequalities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingEquationsAndInequalities.en.md): Defining Variables discussed assignments such as x=y, which set x equal to y. Here we discuss equations, which test equality. The equation x==y tests whether x is equal to y. It is very important that you do not confuse x=y with x==y. While x=y is an imperative statement that actually causes an assignment to be done, x==y merely tests whether x and y are equal, and causes no explicit action. If you have used the C programming language, you will recognize that the notation for assignment and ...
- [Manipulating Equations and Inequalities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingEquationsAndInequalitiesOverview.en.md): Equations Solving Equations The Representation of Equations and Solutions
- [Manipulating Expressions in External Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingExpressionsInExternalPrograms.en.md): Wolfram Language expressions provide a very general way to handle all kinds of data, and you may sometimes want to use such expressions inside your external programs. A language like C, however, offers no direct way to store general Wolfram Language expressions. It is nevertheless possible to do this by using the loopback links provided by the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) library. A loopback link is a local WSTP connection inside your external program, to which you can write ...
- [Manipulating Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingLists.en.md): Lists are widely used in the Wolfram Language, and there are many ways to construct them. Often you will know in advance how long a list is supposed to be, and how each of its elements should be generated. And often you may get one list from another. Sometimes you may want to accumulate a list of results during the execution of a program. You can do this using Sow and Reap.
- [Manipulating Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingListsOverview.en.md): Constructing Lists Manipulating Lists by Their Indices Nested Lists
- [Manipulating Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingNotebooks.en.md): Like other objects in the Wolfram Language, the cells in a notebook, and in fact the whole notebook itself, are all ultimately represented as Wolfram Language expressions. With the standard notebook front end, you can use the command Show Expression to see the text of the Wolfram Language expression that corresponds to any particular cell. Within a given notebook, there is always a collection of styles that can be used to determine the appearance and behavior of cells. Typically the styles are ...
- [Manipulating Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ManipulatingNotebooksOverview.en.md): Cells as Wolfram Language Expressions Notebooks as Wolfram Language Expressions Manipulating Notebooks from the Kernel
- [Markdown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Markdown.en.md): Markdown files are easy to access in Wolfram Notebooks. First of all, a Markdown file can be dragged and dropped into a notebook--the new notebook will be created and opened automatically. In addition, you can use File > Open, choose Markdown Files as the file type, and open the Markdown file as a notebook:
- [Mathematical and Other Notation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalAndOtherNotation.en.md): If you use a text-based interface to the Wolfram Language, then the input you give must consist only of characters that you can type directly on your computer keyboard. But if you use a notebook interface then other kinds of input become possible. There are palettes provided which operate like extensions of your keyboard, and which have buttons that you can click to enter particular forms. You can access standard palettes using the Palettes menu. You can also give input by using special keys ...
- [Mathematical and Other Notation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalAndOtherNotationOverview.en.md): Mathematical Notation in Notebooks Special Characters Names of Symbols and Mathematical Objects
- [Mathematical Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalFunctions.en.md): Mathematical functions in the Wolfram Language are given names according to definite rules. As with most Wolfram Language functions, the names are usually complete English words, fully spelled out. For a few very common functions, the Wolfram Language uses the traditional abbreviations. Thus the modulo function, for example, is Mod, not Modulo. Mathematical functions that are usually referred to by a person's name have names in the Wolfram Language of the form PersonSymbol. Thus, for example, ...
- [Mathematical Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalFunctionsOverview.en.md): Naming Conventions Generic and Nongeneric Cases Numerical Functions
- [Mathematical Notation in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicalNotationInNotebooks-SymbolicMathematics.en.md): If you use the notebook front end for the Wolfram Language, then you can enter some of the operations discussed here in special ways. When entering a sum, product or integral that has limits, you can create the first limit using the standard control sequences for subscripts, superscripts, underscripts, or overscripts. However, you must use Ctrl+% to create the second limit.
- [Wolfram System Administration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicaSystemAdministrationOverview.en.md): MathLM Mathematica Starting in Version 14.1, the Wolfram application was introduced as the new way for users to access Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition, Wolfram|One and Finance Platform.
- [Mathematics and Algorithms How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicsAndAlgorithmsHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Do Basic Calculations Do Constrained Nonlinear Optimization Control the Precision and Accuracy of Numerical Results
- [Mathematics and Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MathematicsAndAlgorithmsOverview.en.md): How to Topics Numbers Algebraic Calculations
- [Modularity and the Naming of Things](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ModularityAndTheNamingOfThings.en.md): The Wolfram Language normally assumes that all your variables are global. This means that every time you use a name like x, the Wolfram Language normally assumes that you are referring to the same object. Particularly when you write programs, however, you may not want all your variables to be global. You may, for example, want to use the name x to refer to two quite different variables in two different programs. In this case, you need the x in each program to be treated as a local variable. ...
- [Modularity and the Naming of Things](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ModularityAndTheNamingOfThingsOverview.en.md): Modules and Local Variables Local Constants How Modules Work
- [Monitoring MathLM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MonitoringMathLM.en.md): MonitorLM gives information on the total number of licenses available and checked out, the fully qualified domain name and username of those who have them checked out, and so on. MonitorLM can send output to the terminal, open a web browser, or write to a file. The output for MonitorLM is customizable by means of a configuration file. MonitorLM automatically supports IPv4 and IPv6 environments. To start MonitorLM, change directory to the location in which MathLM is installed, and type ...
- [Mounting a CD or DVD on Linux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/MountingACDOrDVDOnLinux.en.md): When installing MathLM and the Wolfram System on a Linux system, you may need to mount the CD or DVD. The Wolfram System is available for Linux on DVD. MathLM is available for Linux platforms on CD. On most Linux platforms, there is a daemon running in the background that will automatically mount the CD/DVD. For systems that do not have such a daemon, you must mount the CD/DVD manually. You may need root privileges in order to give the mount command. The following are typical mount commands ...
- [Named Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NamedGroups.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides permutation representations for many important finite groups. Some of these groups are members of infinite families, parametrized by one or more integers; other groups are uniquely distinguished by their special properties and are frequently named after their discoverers. The Wolfram Language provides information on the following infinite families of groups, and on some groups not belonging to parametrized families. The following five Mathieu groups were the first ...
- [Numerical Solution of Boundary Value Problems (BVP)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveBVP.en.md): The shooting method works by considering the boundary conditions as a multivariate function of initial conditions at some point, reducing the boundary value problem to finding the initial conditions that give a root. The advantage of the shooting method is that it takes advantage of the speed and adaptivity of methods for initial value problems. The disadvantage of the method is that it is not as robust as finite difference or collocation methods: some initial value problems with growing modes ...
- [Numerical Solution of Differential-Algebraic Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveDAE.en.md): In general, a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be expressed in the normal form, x^\\[Prime](t)=f(t,x) The derivatives of the dependent variables x are expressed explicitly in terms of the independent transient variable t and the dependent variables x. As long as the function f has sufficient continuity, a unique solution can always be found for an initial value problem where the values of the dependent variables are given at a specific value of the independent variable.
- [Delay Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveDelayDifferentialEquations.en.md): A delay differential equation is a differential equation where the time derivatives at the current time depend on the solution and possibly its derivatives at previous times: Instead of a simple initial condition, an initial history function \\[Phi](t) needs to be specified. The quantities \\[Tau]_i >= 0, i==1,...,n and \\[Sigma]_i >= 0, i==1,...,k are called the delays or time lags. The delays may be constants, functions \\[Tau]( t) and \\[Sigma]( t) of t (time-dependent delays), or ...
- [The Design of the NDSolve Framework](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveDesign.en.md): Supporting a large number of numerical integration methods for differential equations is a lot of work. In order to cut down on maintenance and duplication of code, common components are shared between methods. This approach also allows code optimization to be carried out in just a few central routines.
- [DoubleStep Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveDoubleStep.en.md): The method DoubleStep performs a single application of Richardson's extrapolation for any one-step integration method. Although it is not always optimal, it is a general scheme for equipping a method with an error estimate (hence adaptivity in the step size) and extrapolating to increase the order of local accuracy. DoubleStep is a special case of extrapolation but has been implemented as a separate method for efficiency.
- [EventLocator Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveEventLocator.en.md): It is often useful to be able to detect and precisely locate a change in a differential system. For example, with the detection of a singularity or state change, the appropriate action can be taken, such as restarting the integration. An event for a differential system is a point along the solution at which a real-valued event function is zero:
- [ExplicitRungeKutta Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveExplicitRungeKutta.en.md): This loads packages containing some test problems and utility functions: One of the first and simplest methods for solving initial value problems was proposed by Euler: Euler's method is not very accurate.
- [Extrapolation Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveExtrapolation.en.md): Extrapolation methods are a class of arbitrary-order methods with automatic order and step-size control. The error estimate comes from computing a solution over an interval using the same method with a varying number of steps and using extrapolation on the polynomial that fits through the computed solutions, giving a composite higher-order method [BS64]. At the same time, the polynomials give a means of error estimation. Typically, for low precision, the extrapolation methods have not been ...
- [FixedStep Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveFixedStep.en.md): It is often useful to carry out a numerical integration using fixed step sizes. For example, certain methods such as DoubleStep and Extrapolation carry out a sequence of fixed-step integrations before combining the solutions to obtain a more accurate method with an error estimate that allows adaptive step sizes to be taken. The method FixedStep allows any one-step integration method to be invoked using fixed step sizes.
- [IDA Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveIDAMethod.en.md): The IDA package is part of the SUNDIALS (SUite of Nonlinear and DIfferential/ALgebraic equation Solvers) developed at the Center for Applied Scientific Computing of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. As described in the IDA user guide [HT99], IDA is a general purpose solver for the initial value problem for systems of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). The name IDA stands for Implicit Differential-Algebraic solver. IDA is based on DASPK .... DASPK [BHP94], ...
- [ImplicitRungeKutta Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveImplicitRungeKutta.en.md): Implicit Runge-Kutta methods have a number of desirable properties. The Gauss-Legendre methods, for example, are self-adjoint, meaning that they provide the same solution when integrating forward or backward in time. This loads packages defining some example problems and utility functions:
- [Introduction to Advanced Numerical Differential Equation Solving in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveIntroductoryTutorial.en.md): The Wolfram Language function NDSolve is a general numerical differential equation solver. It can handle a wide range of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as well as some partial differential equations (PDEs). In a system of ordinary differential equations there can be any number of unknown functions u_i, but all of these functions must depend on a single independent variable t, which is the same for each function. Partial differential equations involve two or more independent variables. ...
- [LocallyExact Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveLocallyExact.en.md): A differential system can sometimes be solved by analytic means. The function DSolve implements many of the known algorithmic techniques. However, differential systems that can be solved in closed form constitute only a small subset. Despite this fact, when a closed-form solution does not exist for the entire vector field, it is often possible to analytically solve a system of differential equations for part of the vector field. An example of this is the method Splitting, which breaks up a ...
- [Numerical Methods for Solving the Lotka–Volterra Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveLotkaVolterra.en.md): The Lotka-Volterra system arises in mathematical biology and models the growth of animal species. Consider two species where Y_ 1(T) denotes the number of predators and Y_ 2(T) denotes the number of prey. A particular case of the Lotka-Volterra differential system is where the dot denotes differentiation with respect to time T. The Lotka-Volterra system (CounterBox[NumberedEquation, LotkaVolterraSystem]) has an invariant H, which is constant for all T:
- [The Numerical Method of Lines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveMethodOfLines.en.md): The numerical method of lines is a technique for solving partial differential equations by discretizing in all but one dimension and then integrating the semi-discrete problem as a system of ODEs or DAEs. A significant advantage of the method is that it allows the solution to take advantage of the sophisticated general-purpose methods and software that have been developed for numerically integrating ODEs and DAEs. For the PDEs to which the method of lines is applicable, the method typically ...
- [OrthogonalProjection Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveOrthogonalProjection.en.md): Consider the matrix differential equation where the initial value y_ 0==y(0)\\[Element]\\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^m*p is given. Assume that y_ 0^Ty_0==I, that the solution has the property of preserving orthonormality, y (t)^Ty(t)==I, and that it has full rank for all t>=0. From a numerical perspective, a key issue is how to numerically integrate an orthogonal matrix differential system in such a way that the numerical solution remains orthogonal. There are several strategies that are ...
- [Advanced Numerical Differential Equation Solving in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveOverview.en.md): Introduction ODE Integration Methods Partial Differential Equations
- [Utility Packages for Numerical Differential Equation Solving](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolvePackages.en.md): NDSolve returns solutions as InterpolatingFunction objects. Most of the time, simply using these as functions does what is needed, but occasionally it is useful to access the data inside, which includes the actual values and points NDSolve computed when taking steps. The exact structure of an InterpolatingFunction object is arranged to make the data storage efficient and evaluation at a given point fast. This structure may change between Wolfram Language versions, so code that is written in ...
- [Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolvePDE.en.md): The Wolfram Language function NDSolve has extensive capability for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). A unique feature of NDSolve is that given PDEs and the solution domain in symbolic form, NDSolve automatically chooses numerical methods that appear best suited to the problem structure. Commonly, the automatic algorithm selection works quite well, but it is useful to have an understanding of the methods used, both to better understand the solutions provided and to use method ...
- [NDSolve Method Plugin Framework](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolvePlugIns.en.md): The control mechanisms set up for NDSolve enable you to define your own numerical integration algorithms and use them as specifications for the Method option of NDSolve. NDSolve accesses its numerical algorithms and the information it needs from them in an object-oriented manner. At each step of a numerical integration, NDSolve keeps the method in a form so that it can keep private data as needed. The structure for method data used in NDSolve.
- [Projection Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveProjection.en.md): When a differential system has a certain structure, it is advantageous if a numerical integration method preserves the structure. In certain situations it is useful to solve differential equations in which solutions are constrained. Projection methods work by taking a time step with a numerical integration method and then projecting the approximate solution onto the manifold on which the true solution evolves. NDSolve includes a differential algebraic solver which may be appropriate and is ...
- [Advanced Numerical Differential Equation Solving in the Wolfram Language: References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveReferences.en.md): [ACPR94] Ascher, U., H. Chin, L. Petzold, and S. Reich. Stabilization of Constrained Mechanical Systems with DAEs and Invariant Manifolds. J. Mech. Struct. Machines 23 (1994): 135-157. [AP91] Ascher, U. and L. Petzold. Projected Implicit Runge-Kutta Methods for Differential Algebraic Equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 28 (1991): 1097-1120. [AP98] Ascher, U. and L. Petzold. Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations. SIAM Press, 1998.
- [Rigid Body Solvers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveRigidBody.en.md): The equations of motion for a free rigid body whose center of mass is at the origin are given by the following Euler equations (see [MR99]). Two quadratic first integrals of the system are: The first constraint effectively confines the motion from \\[DoubleStruckCapitalR]^3 to a sphere. The second constraint represents the kinetic energy of the system and, in conjunction with the first invariant, effectively confines the motion to ellipsoids on the sphere.
- [Composition and Splitting Methods for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveSplitting.en.md): In some cases it is useful to split the differential system into subsystems and solve each subsystem using appropriate integration methods. Recombining the individual solutions often allows certain dynamical properties, such as volume, to be conserved. More information on splitting and composition can be found in [MQ02, HLW02], and specific aspects related to NDSolve are discussed in [SS05, SS06]. Of concern are initial value problems y'(t)==f(y(t)), where y(0)==y_ ...
- [SymplecticPartitionedRungeKutta Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveSPRK.en.md): When numerically solving Hamiltonian dynamical systems it is advantageous if the numerical method yields a symplectic map. If the Hamiltonian can be written in separable form, H(p,q)==T(p)+V(q), there exists an efficient class of explicit symplectic numerical integration methods. An important property of symplectic numerical methods when applied to Hamiltonian systems is that a nearby Hamiltonian is approximately conserved for exponentially long times (see [BG94], [HL97], and [R99]).
- [Components and Data Structures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveStateData.en.md): NDSolve is broken up into several basic steps. For advanced usage, it can sometimes be advantageous to access components to carry out each of these steps separately. NDSolve performs each of these steps internally, hiding the details from a casual user. Here are the low-level functions that are used to break up these steps.
- [State-Space Method for DAEs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveStateSpace.en.md): Consider a partitioned DAE system of the following form: If the Jacobian matrices ( \\[PartialD]f ) / ( \\[PartialD]x^\\[Prime] ) and ( \\[PartialD]g ) / ( \\[PartialD]y ) are both invertible, then by the implicit function theorem, the system can effectively be expressed in the state-space form as The invertibility requirement is effectively equivalent to the system being of index 1, so a method based on the state-space form is appropriate for index 1 systems of DAEs. The most common form is ...
- [StiffnessSwitching Method for NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveStiffnessSwitching.en.md): The basic idea behind the StiffnessSwitching method is to provide an automatic means of switching between a nonstiff and a stiff solver. The StiffnessTest and NonstiffTest options (described within Stiffness Detection in NDSolve) provides a useful means of detecting when a problem appears to be stiff. The StiffnessSwitching method traps any failure code generated by StiffnessTest and switches to an alternative solver. The StiffnessSwitching method also uses the method specified in the ...
- [Stiffness Detection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveStiffnessTest.en.md): Many differential equations exhibit some form of stiffness, which restricts the step size and hence effectiveness of explicit solution methods. A number of implicit methods have been developed over the years to circumvent this problem. For the same step size, implicit methods can be substantially less efficient than explicit methods, due to the overhead associated with the intrinsic linear algebra.
- [Norms in NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveVectorNorm.en.md): NDSolve uses norms of error estimates to determine when solutions satisfy error tolerances. In nearly all cases the norm has been weighted, or scaled, such that it is less than 1 if error tolerances have been satisfied and greater than 1 if error tolerances are not satisfied. One significant advantage of such a scaled norm is that a given method can be written without explicit reference to tolerances: the satisfaction of tolerances is found by comparing the scaled norm to 1, thus simplifying ...
- [Events and Discontinuities in Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NDSolveWhenEvents.en.md): Differential equations alone are very effective for modeling continuous behavior of systems. However, many real systems involve components that change at discrete times, possibly triggered by states of the continuous solutions. For example, in a heating system, a thermostat will switch on once the temperature reaches a certain level. An event trigger for a differential or differential algebraic system is a point t_a along the solution at which a Boolean-valued event function becomes True:
- [Audio Analysis with Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksAudioAnalysis.en.md): The fundamental tool to transform Audio objects (or audio files) into a format appropriate for neural nets is the NetEncoder. The Wolfram Language natively provides several audio encoders that are based on different kinds of feature computations. These encoders all leverage a low-level, parallel implementation that allows for a very fast computation. All the encoders share the same preprocessing steps. The first is the extraction of the appropriate part of the signal, followed by downmixing to ...
- [Classifying Data with Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksClassification.en.md): Perform logistic regression on a dataset containing both categorical and numeric values. Categorical variables cannot be used directly in neural networks and must be encoded as arrays. Create a network with an input corresponding to each feature and using a Boolean decoder to interpret the output of the net as the probability of survival.
- [Computer Vision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksComputerVision.en.md): Train a digit recognizer on the MNIST database of handwritten digits using a convolutional neural network. Learn an embedding of the digits in the MNIST dataset. Create a new image with the content of one image and in the style of another image. This implementation follows the method described in Gatys et al., A Neural Algorithm of Artistic Style.
- [Example-Weighted Neural Network Training](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksExampleWeighting.en.md): Example weighting is a common variant of neural network training in which different examples in the training data are given different importance. Simply put, this is accomplished by multiplying the loss of each example by the weight associated with this example to accord it higher or lower importance in the optimization process performed by NetTrain. There are several situations in which this technique can be beneficial: In this tutorial, we give stylized examples of example weighting for ...
- [Introduction to Neural Nets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksIntroduction.en.md): This tutorial gives a brief overview of the Wolfram Language neural net framework by showing how to train a net that takes an input image of a handwritten single-digit number and then predicts the number. The dataset we are training on is the classic MNIST dataset, and we will train a variant of LeNet, one of the first convolutional nets, which is already available in the Wolfram Neural Net Repository. It is extremely easy to train a network like LeNet from scratch. NetTrain takes care of many ...
- [Training on Large Datasets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksLargeDatasets.en.md): Neural nets are well-suited for being trained on very large datasets, even those that are too large to fit into memory. The most popular optimization algorithms for training neural nets (such as ADAM or RMSProp in NetTrain) are variations of an approach called stochastic gradient descent. In this approach, small batches of data are randomly sampled from the full training dataset and used to perform a parameter update. Thus, neural nets are an example of an online learning algorithm, which does ...
- [Neural Networks in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksOverview.en.md): Introduction Advanced Concepts Classification
- [Regression with Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksRegression.en.md): Train a predictor that predicts the median value of properties in a neighborhood of Boston, given some features of the neighborhood.
- [Regression with Uncertainty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksRegressionWithUncertainty.en.md): This section demonstrates using mixture density networks for modeling uncertainty in a regression problem. Such networks model the posterior distribution p(y|x) by taking as input the x value and producing as output the parameters of a mixture distribution that approximates p (y|x). An ordinary regression network predicts a single y value when given an input value x (where x and y can be scalars, vectors, matrices, etc.). The basic idea of a density network is to compute a distribution of y ...
- [Training Neural Networks with Regularization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksRegularization.en.md): Regularization refers to a suite of techniques used to prevent overfitting, which is the tendency of highly expressive models such as deep neural networks to memorize details of the training data in a way that does not generalize to unseen test data. There are essentially four ways to accomplish regularization in the Wolfram Language: Before we can describe the solutions, we will demonstrate the problem with a simple example. We create a synthetic training dataset by taking noisy samples from ...
- [Sequence Learning and NLP with Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksSequenceLearning.en.md): Sequence learning refers to a variety of related tasks that neural nets can be trained to perform. What all these tasks have in common is that the input to the net is a sequence of some kind. This input is usually variable length, meaning that the net can operate equally well on short or long sequences. What distinguishes the various sequence learning tasks is the form of the output of the net. Here, there is wide diversity of techniques, with corresponding forms of output: We give simple ...
- [Unsupervised Learning with Neural Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NeuralNetworksUnsupervised.en.md): An autoencoder has the same shape for its input and output, and has a bottleneck in the middle of the net to prevent the net simply memorizing the inputs. The preceding net takes as input 784 real numbers and compresses this to a vector of 40 real numbers (the bottleneck). The net then needs to reconstruct the original image from these 40 real numbers.
- [NIntegrate Integration Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NIntegrateIntegrationRules.en.md): An integration rule computes an estimate of an integral over a region, typically using a weighted sum. In the context of NIntegrate usage, an integration rule object provides both an integral estimate and an error estimate as a measure of the integral estimate's accuracy. The following general notes pertain to weighted sum type integration rules such as GaussKronrodRule and MultidimensionalRule. A separate discussion applies to other types of rules such as LevinRule. An integration rule ...
- [NIntegrate Integration Strategies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NIntegrateIntegrationStrategies.en.md): An integration strategy is an algorithm that attempts to compute integral estimates that satisfy user-specified precision or accuracy goals. An integration strategy normally prescribes how to manage and create new elements of a set of disjoint subregions of the initial integral region. Each subregion might have its own integrand and integration rule associated with it. The integral estimate is the sum of the integral estimates of all subregions. Integration strategies use integration rules to ...
- [Introduction to Numerical Integration in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NIntegrateIntroduction.en.md): The Wolfram Language function NIntegrate is a general numerical integrator. It can handle a wide range of one-dimensional and multidimensional integrals. Finding a numerical integral of a function over a region. In general, NIntegrate estimates the integral through sampling of the integrand value over the integration region. The various numerical integration methods prescribe the initial sampling steps and how the sampling evolves.
- [Advanced Numerical Integration in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NIntegrateOverview.en.md): Introduction to Numerical Integration in the Wolfram Language Numerical Integration Strategies Numerical Integration Rules
- [References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NIntegrateReferences.en.md): 
- [Non-Commutative Algebras](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NonCommutativeAlgebras.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides representation of finitely generated associative unitary algebras as NonCommutativeAlgebra objects. Objects representing Weyl, Clifford and Grassmann algebras can be created using, respectively, WeylAlgebra, CliffordAlgebra and GrassmannAlgebra. Algebra elements are represented as non-commutative polynomials in the algebra generators. Non-commutative polynomials can be transformed using the functions NonCommutativeExpand and NonCommutativeCollect. ...
- [Using Notebook Assistant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebookAssistant.en.md): Notebook Assistant provides interactive natural language-based assistance with Wolfram Language code and other notebook content. Access Notebook Assistant from the Assistance section of the notebook toolbar or from the Help menu: Shows the Notebook Assistant chat window (Ctrl+')
- [Notebook History Dialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebookHistoryDialog.en.md): This dialog displays information regarding the editing times of the input notebook. This is a live dialog that dynamically updates as changes are made to the notebook. It can be accessed through Cell > Notebook History. The time information is saved in each cell of the notebook, in the form of a list of numbers and/or pairs of numbers. Each number represents the exact time of an edit, in absolute time units. A list of pairs indicates multiple edits that have occurred during this interval.
- [Notebook Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebookInterfaceOverview.en.md): Notebook Interfaces Doing Computations in Notebooks Notebooks as Documents
- [Notebooks and Documents How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebooksAndDocumentsHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Create a Slide Show Create a Lecture Notebook Style and Format Notebooks
- [Notebooks and Documents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebooksAndDocumentsOverview.en.md): How to Topics Notebook Interface Input and Output in Notebooks
- [Notebooks as Documents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebooksAsDocuments.en.md): Wolfram System notebooks allow you to create documents that can be viewed interactively on screen or printed on paper. Particularly in larger notebooks, it is common to have chapters, sections and so on, each represented by groups of cells. The extent of these groups is indicated by a bracket on the right. A group of cells can be either open or closed. When it is open, you can see all the cells in it explicitly. But when it is closed, you see only the cell around which the group is closed. ...
- [Notebook Security](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NotebookSecurity.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides users with access to their computer's file system (Files), interprocess communication (WSTP Wolfram Language Functions), evaluation of data as code (Converting between Expressions and Strings), and the ability to run arbitrary external programs (Calling External Programs). While these features enable Wolfram Language users to create powerful programs that can perform truly useful tasks, they bring with them the potential for misuse. The Wolfram System notebook ...
- [Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Numbers.en.md): Four underlying types of numbers are built into the Wolfram System. You can distinguish different types of numbers in the Wolfram System by looking at their heads. (Although numbers in the Wolfram System have heads like other expressions, they do not have explicit elements which you can extract.) If you use complex numbers extensively, there is one subtlety you should be aware of. When you enter a number like 123., the Wolfram System treats it as an approximate real number, but assumes that ...
- [Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumbersOverview.en.md): Types of Numbers Complex Numbers Numeric Quantities
- [Numerical Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalCalculations.en.md): Exact symbolic results are usually very desirable when they can be found. In many calculations, however, it is not possible to get symbolic results. In such cases, you must resort to numerical methods. Functions such as Integrate always try to get exact results for computations. When they cannot get exact results, they typically return unevaluated. You can then find numerical approximations by explicitly applying N. Functions such as NIntegrate do the calculations numerically from the start, ...
- [Numerical Calculations with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalCalculationsWithUnits.en.md): The Wolfram Language's unit system utilizes various numerical methods, facilitating calculations using Quantity expressions within the Wolfram Language's numerical functions. For numerical functions like FindRoot and FindMaximum, if a variable is specified within a Quantity expression, then that variable is assumed to be a dimensionless value (representing the magnitude of its Quantity). If no unit is specifically associated with a variable, these functions will attempt to automatically ...
- [Numerical Nonlinear Global Optimization Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalNonlinearGlobalOptimizationExamples.en.md): Here is one way to get multiple minima: call NMinimize multiple times with different random seeds, which will cause different optimization paths to be taken. Here is another way to get multiple minima: write the objective function in such a way as to make a list of every point that is visited, then select the points that have objective function values close to the final solution.
- [Numerical Operations on Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalOperationsOnData.en.md): Given a list with n elements x_i, the mean Mean[list] is defined to be \\[Mu](x)==OverscriptBox[x, _]==\\[Sum]x_i/n. The variance Variance[list] is defined to be var(x)==\\[Sigma]^2(x)==\\[Sum](x_i-\\[Mu](x))^2/(n-1), for real data. (For complex data var(x)==\\[Sigma]^2(x)==\\[Sum](x_i-\\[Mu](x))(OverscriptBox[RowBox[{SubscriptBox[x, i], -, RowBox[{\\[Mu], (, x, )}]}], _])/(n-1).) The standard deviation StandardDeviation[list] is defined to be \\[Sigma](x)==SqrtBox[RowBox[{var, (, x, )}]].
- [Numerical Operations on Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalOperationsOnDataOverview.en.md): Basic Statistics Descriptive Statistics Discrete Distributions
- [Numerical Operations on Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalOperationsOnFunctions.en.md): You can do arithmetic with the Wolfram Language just as you would on an electronic calculator. Arithmetic operations in the Wolfram Language are grouped according to the standard mathematical conventions. As usual, 2^3+4, for example, means (2^3)+4, and not 2^(3+4). You can always control grouping by explicitly using parentheses. With the Wolfram Language, you can perform calculations with a particular precision, usually higher than an ordinary calculator. When given precise numbers, the ...
- [Numerical Operations on Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/NumericalOperationsOnFunctionsOverview.en.md): Arithmetic Numerical Mathematics The Uncertainties of Numerical Mathematics
- [Operator Input Forms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/OperatorInputForms.en.md): Characters that are not letters, letter-like forms, or structural elements are treated by the Wolfram Language as operators. The Wolfram Language has built-in rules for interpreting all operators. The functions to which these operators correspond may or may not, however, have built-in evaluation or other rules. Cases in which built-in meanings are by default defined are indicated by \\[LeftTriangle] in the tables below. Operators that construct two-dimensional boxes--all of which have names ...
- [The Option Inspector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/OptionInspector.en.md): Many aspects of the Wolfram System front end such as the styles of cells, the appearance of notebooks, or the parameters used in typesetting are controlled by options. For example, text attributes such as size, font, and color each correspond to a separate option. You can set options by directly editing the expression for a cell or notebook. But in most cases it is simpler to use the Option Inspector. The Option Inspector is a special tool for viewing and modifying option settings. It provides ...
- [Packages for Symbolic Mathematics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PackagesForSymbolicMathematics.en.md): There are many Wolfram Language packages that implement symbolic mathematical operations. Here are a few examples drawn from the standard set of packages distributed with the Wolfram System. As discussed in Wolfram Language Packages, some copies of the Wolfram Language may be set up so that the functions described here are automatically loaded into the Wolfram Language if they are ever needed.
- [Paclets Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Paclets.en.md): Paclets are units of Wolfram functionality, packaged up in a way that allows them to be discovered, installed, updated and integrated seamlessly into the Wolfram environment. Paclets can contain many types of content, including Wolfram Language files, LibraryLink libraries, front end resources like palettes and stylesheets, Java libraries for use with J/Link, documentation notebooks, etc. The essential element that makes a paclet is the PacletInfo.wl file, a small, simple file of metadata that ...
- [Configuring Kernels for Parallel Computing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ParallelKernelConfiguration.en.md): You can use local and remote additional kernels for performing parallel computations. Local kernels, using additional cores on your CPU, usually do not need any configuration, but for remote kernels you need to specify where they are and how to access the remote resources. Configuration of kernels for parallel computing. By default, local kernels are used for parallel computation:
- [Patterns and Transformation Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PatternsAndTransformationRules.en.md): Patterns stand for classes of expressions. They contain pattern objects that represent sets of possible expressions. When several pattern objects with the same name occur in a single pattern, all the objects must stand for the same expression. Thus f[x_,x_] can stand for f[2,2] but not f[2,3]. In a pattern object such as _h, the head h can be any expression, but cannot itself be a pattern.
- [Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Patterns.en.md): Patterns are used throughout the Wolfram Language to represent classes of expressions. A simple example of a pattern is the expression f[x_]. This pattern represents the class of expressions with the form f[anything]. The main power of patterns comes from the fact that many operations in the Wolfram Language can be done not only with single expressions, but also with patterns that represent whole classes of expressions. The basic object that appears in almost all Wolfram Language patterns is _ ...
- [Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PatternsOverview.en.md): Introduction Finding Expressions That Match a Pattern Naming Pieces of Patterns
- [Permutation Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PermutationGroups.en.md): Groups admit many different representations. In particular, all finite groups can be represented as permutation groups, that is, they are always isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group S_n of automorphisms of a set of n elements (Cayley's theorem). Highly efficient techniques for manipulation of permutation groups have been developed during the last 40 years, which allow the manipulation of very large groups in a computer. The Wolfram Language provides a collection of commands and ...
- [Permutation Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PermutationLists.en.md): A possible way of working with permutations is by relating them to the reorderings of the elements of a list. This is the standard point of view in the combinatorial approach to permutations, which shifts the emphasis to the permuted expressions, rather than the permutations themselves. This has always been an implicit interpretation of permutation lists in the Wolfram Language, reorderings of Range[n] for some non-negative integer n. Several standard functions in the Wolfram Language allow ...
- [Permutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Permutations.en.md): Permutations are basic elements in algebra. They have a natural non-commutative product (as matrices do as well), and hence can encode highly nontrivial structures in a compact way. Permutations provide a way of representing any finite group, which makes them key tools in many applications in mathematics, science, engineering, or even art. In particular, permutations play a central role in the description of discrete symmetries. Permutations are, roughly speaking, reorderings of a set of ...
- [Physically Based Rendering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PhysicallyBasedRendering.en.md): Physically based rendering (PBR) is an approach to computer graphics that seeks to render images by modeling the behavior of light in the real world. PBR is an umbrella term that covers a variety of areas, such as physically based shading, cameras and lights. Physically based shading (PBS) is a key component of PBR, and is implemented in the Wolfram Language as MaterialShading. The rest of this document will cover its implementation and the underlying theory behind it. Physically based ...
- [Portability of WSTP Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PortabilityOfWSTPPrograms.en.md): The Wolfram Language side of a Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) connection is set up to work exactly the same on all computer systems. But inevitably there are differences between external programs on different computer systems. For a start, different computer systems almost always require different executable binaries. When you call Install[\prog\], therefore, you must be sure that prog corresponds to a program that can be executed on your particular computer system. The Wolfram ...
- [Working with Python Environments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/PythonEnvironment.en.md): ExternalEvaluators can be used to explore available environments on your machine: An ExternalEvaluatorObject can be used to execute Python code: The Wolfram Language provides a framework to provision (install on demand) Python environments automatically.
- [Random Number Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RandomNumberGeneration.en.md): The ability to generate pseudorandom numbers is important for simulating events, estimating probabilities and other quantities, making randomized assignments or selections, and numerically testing symbolic results. Such applications may require uniformly distributed numbers, nonuniformly distributed numbers, elements sampled with replacement, or elements sampled without replacement. The functions RandomReal, RandomInteger, and RandomComplex generate uniformly distributed random numbers. ...
- [Random Number Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RandomNumberGenerationOverview.en.md): Introduction Random Generation Functions Seeding and Localization
- [Real Polynomial Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RealPolynomialSystems.en.md): A real polynomial system is an expression constructed with polynomial equations and inequalities combined using logical connectives and quantifiers and
- [Registration and Passwords](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RegistrationAndPasswords.en.md): To install and use the Wolfram System and MathLM, you must activate your product and receive a password. Before registering, you must first begin the installation process according to the instructions in Installing Mathematica. Midway through the installation process, a MathID number will be displayed on your screen. This MathID number is a machine-specific identification number that is automatically determined when running the installer on a machine. In addition to your MathID number, you ...
- [Relational Databases Quick Start](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RelationalDatabasesQuickStart.en.md): This tutorial explains how to use the Entity framework to construct and execute queries for relational databases. It is intended as an example-based quick-start guide, rather than a complete reference. It covers most frequent use cases and illustrates those with concrete examples. After going through this tutorial, one can expect to have gained the core practical understanding of how to construct Entity framework queries and execute them. Some more advanced material, subtleties and corner ...
- [Reliability in System Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ReliabilityInSystemModels.en.md): Reliability of a component or system is the probability that it will function for a specified period of time. This is modeled as a lifetime distribution. A system built from independent components will itself have a lifetime distribution that can be computed from component lifetime distributions and system structure. Reliability is often used for safety reasons (nuclear, offshore, aerospace, ...) as well as economic reasons (warranties, customer satisfaction, ...). Behavioral modeling tries to ...
- [Restricting and Reserving Licenses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RestrictingAndReservingLicenses.en.md): Restriction scripts can be very useful in managing sitewide installations of the Wolfram System. They can be used to prevent access to the Wolfram System by unauthorized users on the network and to guarantee license availability to particular users. Restriction scripts are cross-platform compatible, support both IPv4 and IPv6, provide unambiguous control, and require no programming experience to write. The syntax of the restriction scripts is very similar to that of the .htaccess files used in ...
- [Running External Programs under a Debugger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RunningExternalProgramsUnderADebugger.en.md): The Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) allows you to run external programs under whatever debugger is provided in your software environment. WSTP-compatible programs are typically set up to take arguments, usually on the command line, which specify what WSTP connections they should use. Note that in order to get a version of an external program that can be run under a debugger, you need to compile the program so that the output is suitable for use with your debugger. Unix compilers ...
- [Running Programs on Remote Computers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RunningProgramsOnRemoteComputers.en.md): The Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) allows you to call an external program from within the Wolfram Language even when that program is running on a remote computer. Typically, you need to start the program directly from the operating system on the remote computer. But then you can connect to it using commands within your Wolfram Language session. External programs that are created using mcc or mprep always contain the code that is needed to set up WSTP connections. If you start such ...
- [Running the Wolfram System from within an External Program](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RunningTheWolframSystemFromWithinAnExternalProgram.en.md): To run the Wolfram System from within an external program requires making use of many general features of WSTP (Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol). The first issue is how to establish a WSTP connection to the Wolfram System. When you use WSTP templates to create external programs that can be called from the Wolfram Language, source code to establish a WSTP connection is automatically generated, and all you have to do in your external program is to call WSMain (argc,argv). But in general you ...
- [Running the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/RunningTheWolframSystemOverview.en.md): The Structure of the Wolfram System Notebook Interfaces Using a Text-Based Interface
- [Security and Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SecurityAndConnectivityOverview.en.md): Internet Connectivity Notebook Security Sending Email
- [Sending Email](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SendingEmail.en.md): The examples below require that the default mail account settings have been configured in the Internet & Mail > Mail Settings tab of the Preferences dialog. You can also send arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions within the body of the email. SendMail automatically converts the expressions to an appropriate file format and attaches them (inline, where possible) to the email.
- [Series, Limits, and Residues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SeriesLimitsAndResidues.en.md): The Wolfram Language also has a notation for multiple sums and products. Sum[f,{i,i_min,i_max},{j,j_min,j_max}] represents a sum over i and j, which would be written in standard mathematical notation as UnderoverscriptBox[\\[Sum], RowBox[{i, =, SubscriptBox[i, StyleBox[min, FontSlant -> Italic]]}], SubscriptBox[i, StyleBox[max, FontSlant -> Italic]], LimitsPositioning -> True]UnderoverscriptBox[\\[Sum], RowBox[{j, =, SubscriptBox[j, StyleBox[min, FontSlant -> Italic]]}], ...
- [Series, Limits, and Residues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SeriesLimitsAndResiduesOverview.en.md): Sums and Products Power Series Making Power Series Expansions
- [Setting Up External Functions to Be Called from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SettingUpExternalFunctionsToBeCalledFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): If you have a function defined in an external program, then what you need to do in order to make it possible to call the function from within the Wolfram Language is to add appropriate Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) code that passes arguments to the function and takes back the results it produces. In simple cases, you can generate the necessary code just by giving an appropriate WSTP template for each external function. Once you have constructed a WSTP template for a particular ...
- [Some General Notations and Conventions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SomeGeneralNotationsAndConventions.en.md): The names of built-in functions follow some general guidelines. The main expression or object on which a built-in function acts is usually given as the first argument to the function. Subsidiary parameters appear as subsequent arguments. The following are exceptions:
- [Some Mathematical Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SomeMathematicalFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes a very large collection of mathematical functions. Mathematical Functions gives the complete list. Here are a few of the common ones. It is important to remember that all function arguments in the Wolfram Language are enclosed in square brackets, not parentheses. Parentheses in the Wolfram Language are used only to indicate the grouping of terms, and never to give function arguments. Just as with arithmetic operations, the Wolfram Language tries to give exact ...
- [Some Notes on Internal Implementation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SomeNotesOnInternalImplementation.en.md): General issues about the internal implementation of the Wolfram Language are discussed in The Internals of the Wolfram System. Given here are brief notes on particular features. It should be emphasized that these notes give only a rough indication of basic methods and algorithms used. The actual implementation usually involves many substantial additional elements. Thus, for example, the notes simply say that DSolve solves second-order linear differential equations using the Kovacic algorithm. ...
- [Statistics with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StatisticsWithUnits.en.md): The Wolfram System supports a large number of descriptive statistics operations on datasets composed of Quantity expressions, including location, covariance, correlation, and shape statistics functions. A general description of these functions can be found in Descriptive Statistics. For univariate datasets, statistics functions require that all elements within the dataset contain compatible units. If the units are not compatible, an error message describing the conflict is returned. For ...
- [Storing and Tracking Palette States](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StoringAndTrackingPaletteStates.en.md): Palettes can be configured to remember their previous states across front end sessions. This is useful for palettes containing multiple expandable sections, tab views, checkboxes, and other control objects. For example, a user who has gone to the trouble of closing nine of 10 opener views would not expect to have to do so again every time he or she opens the palette. There are several ways the Wolfram System can store and track control object states. The first method involves dynamic variables ...
- [Stream Methods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StreamMethods.en.md): Input and output streams are opened using a stream method. A stream method abstracts the stream operations required for reading or writing bytes from the source of those bytes. This makes it possible to read or write from data sources and storage mechanisms such as files, child processes, web servers, and in-memory lists of bytes. A stream method can also perform translations such as compression or encryption. For example, a stream method could allow a user to open a compressed file and read ...
- [Strings and Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StringsAndCharacters.en.md): Much of what the Wolfram Language does revolves around manipulating structured expressions. But you can also use the Wolfram Language as a system for handling unstructured strings of text. When you input a string of text to the Wolfram Language, you must always enclose it in quotes. However, when the Wolfram Language outputs the string, it usually does not explicitly show the quotes. You can see the quotes by asking for the input form of the string. In addition, in a Wolfram System notebook, ...
- [Strings and Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StringsAndCharactersOverview.en.md): Properties of Strings Operations on Strings Characters in Strings
- [Structure Matrices and Convolution Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/StructureMatricesAndConvolutionKernels.en.md): 
- [Symbolic Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SymbolicCalculations.en.md): The Wolfram System's ability to deal with symbolic expressions, as well as numbers, allows you to use it for many kinds of mathematics. Calculus is one example. With the Wolfram System, you can differentiate an expression symbolically, and get a formula for the result. Getting formulas as the results of computations is usually desirable when it is possible. There are however many circumstances where it is mathematically impossible to get an explicit formula as the result of a computation. This ...
- [Symbolic Calculations with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SymbolicCalculationsWithUnits.en.md): The Wolfram System's ability to deal with symbolic expressions, as well as numbers, allows you to use it for many kinds of mathematics. The Wolfram System's unit system utilizes this symbolic code base, facilitating calculus using Quantity expressions. Many symbolic commands are capable of understanding units. Still, there are times when you might wish to add or remove units. These can be handled by the Wolfram System's general substitution mechanism. Solve is aware of Quantity and will ...
- [Symbolic Solutions of PDEs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SymbolicSolutionsOfPDEs.en.md): Most physical phenomena in fluid dynamics, electricity, electromagnetism, mechanics, classical optics or in heat flow are described by partial differential equations (PDEs). In fact, well-known laws of physics, such as Maxwell's equations, the Navier-Stokes equations, the heat equation, the wave equation and Schrödinger's equation of quantum mechanics, are stated in terms of PDEs; that is, these laws describe physical phenomena by relating space and time derivatives. Derivatives in these ...
- [Symbolic Tensors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SymbolicTensors.en.md): The Wolfram System offers a large number of functions to efficiently manipulate lists, matrices, and arrays of any depth and dimension. Among them there are functions to perform algebraic operations, like sums, products, inner or outer products, transpositions, etc. The Wolfram System also has powerful algorithms to manipulate algebraic combinations of expressions representing those arrays. These expressions are called symbolic arrays or symbolic tensors. By assuming given properties about ...
- [Symmetrized Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SymmetrizedArrays.en.md): Symmetry plays a key role in the treatment of high-rank tensors. Most high-rank tensors of importance in physics and mathematics have symmetry, from the symmetric inertia tensors to the rank-4 stiffness and curvature tensors. Many of them have transposition symmetries, in some cases rather complicated. The Wolfram System implements a complete language for permutation symmetries of tensors of any rank or dimensions, and provides a specialized type of array that stores only the independent ...
- [Synthetic Geometry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SyntheticGeometry.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides not only extensive support for analytic geometry, but also support for the symbolic representation of synthetic geometry scenes in a form suitable for automated coordinate-independent reasoning. Synthetic geometry scenes are represented in the Wolfram Language with GeometricScene. Scenes contain parameters representing named points and quantities, as well as hypotheses consisting of symbolic 2D regions and assertions involving those parameters. Conclusions can ...
- [Systems Interfaces and Deployment How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SystemsInterfacesAndDeploymentHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Connect to Other Systems Get Help
- [Systems Interfaces & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SystemsInterfacesAndDeploymentOverview.en.md): How to Topics Global Aspects of Wolfram System Sessions The Internals of the Wolfram System
- [Systemwide Defaults](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/SystemwideDefaults.en.md): If you have installed Wolfram in a location where multiple users can run it (for example, on a file server or multi-user machine), then you can set up systemwide defaults for the Wolfram front end and kernel. This is ideal for setting up Wolfram for use in computer labs and classrooms. If you share the directory $BaseDirectory across the network, these defaults will also take effect on local installations that use the shared $BaseDirectory. In the pathnames that follow, replace the variables ...
- [Temperature Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TemperatureUnits.en.md): Handling of temperatures requires special care because temperatures are typically expressed in scales, like Celsius or Fahrenheit, with an arbitrary choice of zero. Differences of temperatures are standard quantities with a well-defined zero value. Therefore, a distinction between temperatures and temperature differences is needed. The Wolfram Language quantity framework distinguishes DegreesCelsius as a unit of temperature from DegreesCelsiusDifference as a unit of temperature difference. ...
- [Tensor Symmetries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TensorSymmetries.en.md): Tensors of rank 2 or higher that arise in applications usually have symmetries under exchange of their slots. For example, the inertia tensor, the stress-energy tensor, or the Ricci curvature tensor are rank-2 fully symmetric tensors; the electromagnetic tensor is a rank-2 antisymmetric tensor; and the Riemann curvature tensor and the stiffness tensor are rank-4 tensors with nontrival symmetries. The Wolfram System has a general language to describe an arbitrary symmetry under permutations of ...
- [Testing the Installation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TestingTheInstallation.en.md): The following simple commands allow you to test the installation of Wolfram. Running these commands does not guarantee that the installation was successful, but a failed command can indicate that a serious problem occurred during installation. You should run these tests from a regular user account and not from an account with administrative privileges. To run Wolfram using a network license, both the client machine and the license server must be on the network and MathLM must be running.
- [Textual Input and Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TextualInputAndOutput.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to output expressions in many different ways. Output forms provide textual representations of Wolfram Language expressions. In some cases these textual representations are also suitable for input to the Wolfram Language. But in other cases they are intended just to be looked at, or to be exported to other programs, rather than to be used as input to the Wolfram Language. Low-Level Input and Output Rules discusses how you can create your own output forms. You ...
- [Textual Input and Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TextualInputAndOutputOverview.en.md): Forms of Input and Output How Input and Output Work The Representation of Textual Forms
- [The Internals of the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TheInternalsOfTheWolframSystem.en.md): Most of the documentation provided for the Wolfram System is concerned with explaining what the Wolfram System does, not how it does it. But the purpose of this is to say at least a little about how the Wolfram System does what it does. Some Notes on Internal Implementation gives more details. You should realize at the outset that while knowing about the internals of the Wolfram System may be of intellectual interest, it is usually much less important in practice than you might at first ...
- [The Internals of the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TheInternalsOfTheWolframSystemOverview.en.md): Why You Do Not Usually Need to Know about Internals Basic Internal Architecture The Algorithms of the Wolfram System
- [The Structure of Graphics and Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TheStructureOfGraphicsAndSound.en.md): Graphics and Sound discusses how to use functions like Plot and ListPlot to plot graphs of functions and data. This tutorial discusses how the Wolfram Language represents such graphics, and how you can program the Wolfram Language to create more complicated images. The basic idea is that the Wolfram Language represents all graphics in terms of a collection of graphics primitives. The primitives are objects like Point, Line, and Polygon, which represent elements of a graphical image, as well as ...
- [The Structure of Graphics and Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TheStructureOfGraphicsAndSoundOverview.en.md): The Structure of Graphics Two-Dimensional Graphics Elements Graphics Directives and Options
- [The Structure of the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TheStructureOfTheWolframSystem.en.md): The Wolfram System is a modular software system in which the kernel, which actually performs computations, is separate from the front end, which handles interaction with the user. Such a design has many advantages over a monolithic system. For instance, the Wolfram System front end could be run on a local computer with enhanced graphics capabilities while the Wolfram Language kernel might be run on a faster remote computer. Or, multiple kernels could be run from a single front end. The most ...
- [The Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TheWolframSystemOverview.en.md): Getting Used to the Wolfram System Differences between Computer Systems
- [TraditionalForm Reference Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TraditionalFormReferenceInformation.en.md): TraditionalForm differs from StandardForm, the default format for input and output. It is important to understand that TraditionalForm expressions cannot always be provided as unambiguous input to the Wolfram System. Therefore, while StandardForm is an input format and an output format, TraditionalForm is primarily intended as an output format. In general, the TraditionalForm representation of a mathematical function differs from its StandardForm representation in two ways: function arguments ...
- [Transformation Rules and Definitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TransformationRulesAndDefinitions.en.md): When you use expr/.rules, each rule is tried in turn on each part of expr. As soon as a rule applies, the appropriate transformation is made, and the resulting part is returned. The replacement expr/.rules tries each rule just once on each part of expr. Sometimes you may need to go on applying rules over and over again, until the expression you are working on no longer changes. You can do this using the repeated replacement operation expr//.rules (or ReplaceRepeated[expr,rules]).
- [Transformation Rules and Definitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TransformationRulesAndDefinitionsOverview.en.md): Applying Transformation Rules Manipulating Sets of Transformation Rules Making Definitions
- [Tree Drawing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TreeDrawing.en.md): TreePlot lays out the vertices of a graph in a tree of successive layers, or a collection of trees. If the graph g is not a tree, TreePlot lays out its vertices on the basis of a spanning tree of each component of the graph. By default, TreePlot places each tree root at the top. TreePlot[g,pos] places the roots at position pos. Possible positions are: Top, Bottom, Left, Right, and Center. In addition to options for Graphics, the following options are accepted for LayeredGraphPlot.
- [Troubleshooting Internet Connectivity Problems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TroubleshootingInternetConnectivity.en.md): If you experience internet connectivity problems, such as trouble using the Wolfram System's integrated data functions, try following the troubleshooting techniques described below. Open the Help > Internet & Mail Settings... dialog and use the Test Internet Connectivity button. Make sure that the box marked Allow the Wolfram System to access the Internet is checked. If the test succeeds, then the Wolfram System is correctly configured for internet access, and the problem lies elsewhere, ...
- [Troubleshooting MathLM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TroubleshootingMathLM.en.md): The following techniques are useful for debugging problems with client connections to the license server. MathLM will not start if it cannot find the password file. In that case, the following error message will be displayed on your screen: To successfully start MathLM, use the option -pwfile followed by the full pathname of the mathpass file.
- [Troubleshooting Wolfram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TroubleshootingTheWolframSystem.en.md): If the front end activation dialog box appears when you launch Wolfram, either Wolfram could not locate the mathpass file or there was no valid password in the mathpass file. To resolve this problem, first check that there is a mathpass file in one of these directories: $BaseDirectory\\Licensing, $InstallationDirectory\\Configuration\\Licensing, or $UserBaseDirectory\\Licensing. If you did not find a mathpass file in these locations, follow the instructions in Activating Mathematica to reenter ...
- [Two-Dimensional Expression Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TwoDimensionalExpressionInput.en.md): You can use the keyboard to move the cursor forward or backward one character or one word at a time. You can also delete the character or word to the right or the left of the cursor, and you can move the cursor to the beginning or end of a line. Move to the end of the next-higher subexpression by pressing Ctrl and Space at the same time. Select the next placeholder by pressing the Tab key.
- [Two-Dimensional Expression Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TwoDimensionalExpressionInputOverview.en.md): Moving through Expressions Selecting and Deleting in Expressions Typing Fractions
- [Two-Way Communication with External Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/TwoWayCommunicationWithExternalPrograms.en.md): When you install a Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP)-compatible external program using Install, the program is set up to behave somewhat like a simplified Wolfram Language kernel. Every time you call a function in the external program, a CallPacket is sent to the program, and the program responds by sending back a result wrapped in a ReturnPacket. If you use Install several times on a single external program, the Wolfram System will open several WSTP connections to the program. Each ...
- [Introduction to Unconstrained Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationIntroduction.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a collection of commands that do unconstrained optimization (FindMinimum and FindMaximum) and solve nonlinear equations (FindRoot) and nonlinear fitting problems (FindFit). All these functions work, in general, by doing a search, starting at some initial values and taking steps that decrease (or for FindMaximum, increase) an objective or merit function. The search process for FindMaximum is somewhat analogous to a climber trying to reach a mountain peak in a thick fog; ...
- [Unconstrained Optimization: Methods for Local Minimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationMethodsForLocalMinimization.en.md): The essence of most methods is in the local quadratic model that is used to determine the next step. The FindMinimum function in the Wolfram Language has five essentially different ways of choosing this model, controlled by the method option. These methods are similarly used by FindMaximum and FindFit. Basic method choices for FindMinimum.
- [Unconstrained Optimization: Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationMethodsForSolvingNonlinearEquations.en.md): There are some close connections between finding a local minimum and solving a set of nonlinear equations. Given a set of n equations in n unknowns, seeking a solution r(x)==0 is equivalent to minimizing the sum of squares r (x). r(x) when the residual is zero at the minimum, so there is a particularly close connection to the Gauss-Newton methods. In fact, the Gauss-Newton step for local minimization and the Newton step for nonlinear equations are exactly the same. Also, for a smooth function, ...
- [Unconstrained Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationOverview.en.md): Introduction Methods for Local Minimization Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations
- [References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationReferences.en.md): 
- [Unconstrained Optimization: Setting Up Optimization Problems in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationSettingUpOptimizationProblems.en.md): The function FindRoot has a Jacobian option; the functions FindMinimum, FindMaximum, and FindFit have a Gradient option; and the Newton method has a method option Hessian. All these derivatives are specified with the same basic structure. Here is a summary of ways to specify derivative computation methods. Methods for computing gradient, Jacobian, and Hessian derivatives. The basic specification for a derivative is just the method for computing it. However, all of the derivatives take options ...
- [Unconstrained Optimization: Step Control](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationStepControl.en.md): Even with Newton's method where the local model is based on the actual Hessian, unless you are close to a root or minimum, the model step may not bring you any closer to the solution. A simple example is given by the following problem. A good step-size control algorithm will prevent repetition or escape from areas near roots or minima from happening. At the same time, however, when steps based on the model function are appropriate, the step-size control algorithm should not restrict them, ...
- [UnconstrainedProblems Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnconstrainedOptimizationUnconstrainedProblemsPackage.en.md): The utility functions FindMinimumPlot and FindRootPlot show search data for FindMinimum and FindRoot for one- and two-dimensional functions. They work with essentially the same arguments as FindMinimum and FindRoot except that they additionally take options, which affect the graphics functions they call to provide the plots, and they do not have the HoldAll attribute as do FindMinimum and FindRoot. Plotting search data. Note that to simplify processing and reduce possible confusion about the ...
- [Unit Discovery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnitDiscovery.en.md): The Wolfram Language's units system includes thousands of different quantities, including units, physical constants, and IndependentUnit expressions. Supported units include all those specified by NIST Special Publication 811. Many quantities have multiple common names, which can make them difficult to find in a long list of possible units. The Wolfram Language's built-in unit interpretation system allows you to specify units and physical constants using natural language input. You can use ...
- [Units Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UnitsOverview.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to do arithmetic not only with symbols and numbers, but also with units. The Wolfram Language's integration with Wolfram|Alpha allows for a sophisticated unit system that combines the flexibility of free-form linguistics with the computational power of numerical and symbolic algorithms. This units framework integrates seamlessly with visualization, numeric, and symbolic functions. Unit Discovery Symbolic Calculations with Units
- [Upgrading from Mathematica to Wolfram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UpgradingFromMathematicaToWolfram.en.md): Starting in Version 14.1, the Wolfram application was introduced as the new way for users to access Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition, Wolfram|One and Finance Platform. With this update came a number of changes that are not backward compatible. To access Mathematica 14.1+, install Wolfram as you have installed Mathematica in previous versions. Once it is installed, the product(s) that you own can be activated in it. Follow the activation process if your Mathematica license is not ...
- [Using a Notebook Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingANotebookInterface.en.md): If you use your computer via a purely graphical interface, you will typically double-click the Wolfram System icon to start the Wolfram System. If you use your computer via a textually based operating system, you will typically type the command WolframNB to start the Wolfram System. In a notebook interface, you interact with the Wolfram System by creating interactive documents. The notebook front end includes many menus and graphical tools for creating and reading notebook documents and for ...
- [Using a Text-Based Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingATextBasedInterface.en.md): The standard front end interface, as discussed in Using a Notebook Interface, is appropriate for most users' purposes. In some cases, however, you may not need to use the notebook front end, and you may want instead to interact more directly with the Wolfram Language kernel. You can do this by using a text-based interface, in which text you type on the keyboard goes straight to the kernel. It is important to note that while the text-based interface provides access to most of the capabilities ...
- [Using Testing Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingTestingNotebooks.en.md): Wolfram Notebooks provide a convenient interface in which to write and run tests of your code. In the Mathematica menus, click File > New > Programmatic Notebook > Testing Notebook. It will bring up a testing notebook. (The notebook depicted here has also been saved using File > Save As... with name MyTests.) Click the New button to insert a test into the notebook.
- [Using the Input Assistant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingTheInputAssistant.en.md): The Input Assistant helps you automatically complete code, discover functions and options, and reduce oversights and typographical errors while coding. The Input Assistant feature set has the following components: \\[Bullet] Context-sensitive autocompletion -- Type only a few characters and complete your code fragment by selecting a match from a list of suggestions. \\[Bullet] Function templates -- Insert fully editable descriptions of common functions into your notebook. \\[Bullet] Option ...
- [Using the Structured Package Format](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingTheStructuredPackageFormat.en.md): The Structured Package Format (SPF) is a simplified way to design and write Wolfram Language packages, particularly ones that comprise multiple source files. It does away with the need to make every source file its own separate package and manually manage contexts with functions like BeginPackage, EndPackage, Begin and End. Instead, the SPF lets you think in terms of three scopes for package symbols: Public (the symbols that you want to export from the package), Package (symbols that you want ...
- [Using the Testing Framework](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingTheTestingFramework.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a framework in which to write and run tests of your code. The main functions to define tests are VerificationTest and TestCreate. VerificationTest was the first testing function created for the Wolfram Language. The behavior is straightforward: the test is evaluated immediately and a TestObject is returned.
- [Using the Wolfram Product Switcher](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingTheWolframProductSwitcher.en.md): Starting in Version 14.1, the Wolfram application was introduced as the new way for users to access Mathematica, Wolfram|Alpha Notebook Edition, Wolfram|One and Finance Platform. These are all accessed through the unified Wolfram application, and changing between products is done in the Product Settings screen. The Product Settings screen is a tab in the Preferences menu. It allows switching between products and also activating additional ones. Each product/license that is locally activated ...
- [Using WSTP to Communicate between Wolfram System Sessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/UsingWSTPToCommunicateBetweenWolframSystemSessions.en.md): One use of the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) connections between Wolfram System sessions is simply as a way to transfer data without using intermediate files. Another use is as a way to dispatch different parts of a computation to different sessions. If a link has been activated through completed previous calls to LinkWrite, LinkRead, or LinkActivate, expressions get written to a buffer, and if the whole expression fits in the buffer, LinkWrite immediately returns without need of a ...
- [Vector Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/VectorAnalysis.en.md): Vector analysis forms the basis of many physical and mathematical models. The Wolfram Language can compute the basic operations of gradient, divergence, curl, and Laplacian in a variety of coordinate systems. Moreover, these operators are implemented in a quite general form, allowing them to be used in different dimensions and with higher-rank tensors. The four basic vector derivatives are shown in the following table. Although these operators are available in any dimension, they are most ...
- [Video Basics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/VideoBasics.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports video objects as first-class citizens, enabling programmatic access, processing and analysis of a large number of multimedia containers and codecs. Together with complete stacks for image and audio processing, this opens up video processing from simple processing to highly sophisticated analysis. A video object can be created by importing or referencing a video file on the disk. The video object is a reference to a local or remote file, with interactive video ...
- [Views](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/Views.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports a variety of objects that can be used to organize and display information in output. Known collectively as views, these objects range from the simple OpenerView to the complex and versatile TabView. All have in common that they take a first argument containing a list of expressions to be displayed as separate panes in the view, and an optional second argument to determine which one should be displayed at the moment. All provide a user interface allowing you to ...
- [Virtual Book](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/VirtualBookOverview.en.md): Introduction Core Language Mathematics and Algorithms
- [Visualization and Graphics How to Topics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/VisualizationAndGraphicsHowToTopicsOverview.en.md): Work with Spline Functions Create Graphics with Spline Primitives Create Plots
- [Visualization and Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/VisualizationAndGraphicsOverview.en.md): How to Topics Graphics and Sound The Structure of Graphics and Sound
- [Volume Rendering & Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/VolumeRenderingAndProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides built-in support for volume rendering and processing of 3D datasets. Many built-in image processing algorithms, including pixel operations, local filtering, segmentation, and morphological operations, can be applied to 3D datasets. A 3D dataset can be imported from a file or series of files. Typically slices are stored as a stack of 2D images and can then be combined to create a 3D image. A 3D image can also be created from three- or four-dimensional data arrays, ...
- [Warnings and Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WarningsAndMessages.en.md): The Wolfram System usually goes about its work silently, giving output only when it has finished doing the calculations you asked for. However, if it looks as if the Wolfram Language is doing something you definitely did not intend, the Wolfram System will usually print a message to warn you.
- [What Is MathLM?](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WhatIsMathLM.en.md): MathLM administers licenses for organizations running multiple instances of Wolfram with a network license. Network licenses have two very important advantages: MathLM is installed on a single machine, known as the license server. Once MathLM is running, it acts as a gatekeeper for new Wolfram sessions. MathLM sets up the appropriate number of process slots for each class of computer covered by your network license agreement. MathLM monitors the number of copies of Wolfram in use and issues ...
- [Wolfram Compute Services Batch Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WolframComputeServicesBatchComputation.en.md): Wolfram Compute Services provides a way to submit batch jobs using cloud compute resources. Submitting batch jobs and obtaining their status and results. A batch job is submitted and then runs unattended. You can check its progress repeatedly and be notified when it completes. Once complete, you can obtain its result. Batch jobs are ideal for long-running jobs and for jobs that require large compute resources.
- [Wolfram System File Organization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WolframSystemFileOrganization.en.md): A full Wolfram System installation consists of thousands of separate files, arranged in several hundred directories under the main installation directory. The location of the main installation directory is determined at install time. From within a Wolfram Language kernel, its name is given by the value of $InstallationDirectory. The executable programs that launch the Wolfram System are typically in the main installation directory. Sometimes there may also be links to them, or scripts ...
- [Word Processing in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WordProcessingInNotebooks.en.md): The Wolfram System includes many commands for word processing and formatting. You can set the following cell options from the Format menu: style, font, face, size, text color, background color, cell dingbat, text alignment, text justification, and word wrapping. Select the cell bracket or some text.
- [Working with Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WorkingWithCells.en.md): Wolfram System notebooks consist of sequences of cells. The hierarchy of cells serves as a structure for organizing the information in a notebook, as well as specifying the overall look of the notebook. Font, color, spacing, and other properties of the appearance of cells are controlled using stylesheets. The various kinds of cells associated with a notebook's stylesheet are listed in Format > Style. The Wolfram System comes with a collection of color and black-and-white stylesheets, which ...
- [Working with String Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WorkingWithStringPatterns.en.md): The general symbolic string patterns in the Wolfram Language allow you to perform powerful string manipulation efficiently. What follows discusses the details of string patterns, including usage and implementation notes. The emphasis is on issues not mentioned elsewhere in the help system. Here is a list of several functions that recognize string patterns. The list of objects that can appear in a string pattern closely matches the list for ordinary Wolfram Language patterns. In terms of string ...
- [Working with String Patterns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WorkingWithStringPatternsOverview.en.md): Introduction General String Patterns Regular Expressions
- [Working with Stylesheets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WorkingWithStylesheets.en.md): Stylesheets are used by the Wolfram System to control the appearance and behavior of notebooks based on any and all available options provided by the notebook interface. At its most basic, a stylesheet is a collection of special cells in a notebook referenced by another notebook or applied as part of a notebook's options. In this latter case, the stylesheet is referred to as embedded within the notebook, as a private or local stylesheet. A stylesheet is a notebook containing StyleData cells. A ...
- [Working with the Notebook Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WorkingWithTheNotebookInterfaceOverview.en.md): Notebooks as Documents Entering Input in Notebooks Two-Dimensional Expression Input
- [WSTP and External Program Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPAndExternalProgramCommunicationOverview.en.md): Introduction to WSTP How WSTP Is Used Installing Existing WSTP-Compatible Programs
- [WSTP Development in C (Mac OS X)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPDeveloperGuide-Macintosh.en.md): This document describes how to compile and run Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) programs written in the C language on Mac OS X systems. (WSTP and External Program Communication describes how to write WSTP programs in both the Wolfram Language and the C language.) This document does not teach you, in general, how to use your compiler and other development tools, nor does it teach you how to program in C. If you have any trouble building or running your WSTP programs, see ...
- [WSTP Developer Guide—Mac OS X](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPDeveloperGuide-MacintoshOverview.en.md): Supported Development Platforms Installing the WSTP Components Building WSTP Programs
- [WSTP Development in C (Linux)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPDeveloperGuide-Unix.en.md): This document describes how to compile and run Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) programs written in the C language on Linux systems. (WSTP and External Program Communication describes how to write WSTP programs in both the Wolfram Language and the C language.) This document does not teach you, in general, how to use your compiler and other development tools, nor does it teach you how to program in C. If you have any trouble building or running your WSTP programs, see the ...
- [WSTP Developer Guide—Linux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPDeveloperGuide-UnixOverview.en.md): Supported Development Platforms Installing the WSTP Components Building WSTP Programs
- [WSTP Development in C (Windows)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPDeveloperGuide-Windows.en.md): This document describes how to compile and run Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) programs written in the C language on computers running a Microsoft Windows operating system. (WSTP and External Program Communication describes how to write WSTP programs in both the Wolfram Language and the C language.) This document also describes how WSTP is implemented for Windows. This document does not teach you, in general, how to use your compiler and other development tools, nor does it teach you ...
- [WSTP Developer Guide—Windows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPDeveloperGuide-WindowsOverview.en.md): Overview Supported Development Platforms Installing the WSTP Components
- [WSTP Interface 3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPInterface3.en.md): The library now fully supports the Unicode character encoding forms UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32. Use the following new API functions to put or get Unicode characters to or from a link. The Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) library header file wstp.h no longer contains obsolete platform support sections such as those defined by MACINTOSH_WSTP or OS2_WSTP. MACINTOSH_WSTP definitions referred to Mac OS 9 and earlier. DARWIN_WSTP contains all platform-specific definitions for Mac OS X. All ...
- [WSTP Interface 4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WSTPInterface4.en.md): Interface 4 introduces a new link protocol called IntraProcess. IntraProcess is designed for fast, full-duplex connections between threads in the same process. Interface 4 introduces new API functions and internal functionality that enable thread safety for link objects. In previous versions of the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP), you could only access a link object via the WSTP API functions safely from one thread at a time. Now, the library implements mechanisms that provide thread ...
- [WXF Format Description](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/WXFFormatDescription.en.md): WXF is a binary format for faithfully serializing Wolfram Language expressions in a form suitable for outside storage or interchange with other programs. WXF can readily be interpreted using low-level native types available in many programming languages, making it suitable as a format for reading and writing Wolfram Language expressions in other programming languages. The basic functions for converting between a Wolfram Language expression and its serialized form are BinarySerialize and ...
- [Your First Wolfram Language Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/YourFirstWolframLanguageCalculations.en.md): Type 2+2 and then press Shift+Enter (hold down the Shift key and press Enter) to tell the Wolfram Language to evaluate your input. Your first calculation will take longer than subsequent calculations because the Wolfram Language kernel has to start up. You can use the Wolfram Language just like a calculator. Type the input 9.7^200 and press Shift+Enter. Here is the result.

## Workflow Guides

- [Active Elements & Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ActiveElementsAndControls.en.md): Building Interfaces . Controls . Dynamic Content
- [Blockchains and Cryptography](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/BlockchainsAndCryptography.en.md): Bitcoin Blockchain . Ethereum Blockchain . ARK Blockchain . Cryptography
- [Cells & Grouping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/CellsAndGrouping.en.md): Creating Cells . Cell Grouping . Cell Brackets . Formatting Cells
- [Computations & Code](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ComputationsAndCode.en.md): Doing Computations . Inputs and Outputs . Entering Code . Entering Natural Language . Entering Special Input . Code Annotation . Formatting . Initialization & Packages . Programmatic Handling of Code
- [Connecting to Excel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ConnectingToExcel.en.md): CloudConnector for Excel
- [Connecting to External Devices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ConnectingToExternalDevices.en.md): Embedded Devices . Controls and Actuators
- [Connecting to External Software](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ConnectingToExternalSoftware.en.md): Using WSTP . Using the External Evaluate Framework . Using the W3C Webdriver Protocol . Integrating Wolfram Cloud to Other Products . Optimization
- [Creating and Organizing Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/CreatingAndOrganizingInterfaces.en.md): Notebook Interfaces . Web-Deployed Interfaces . Natural-Language Interfaces
- [Creating Documents & Presentations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/CreatingDocumentsAndPresentations.en.md): Preparing and Giving Presentations . Printing & Publishing . Reports & Templated Notebooks . Special Types of Notebooks . Exporting Notebooks . Programmatic Notebook Operations
- [Creating Online Forms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/CreatingOnlineForms.en.md): Basic Forms . Special Features . Special Types of Forms
- [Creating Webpages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/CreatingWebpages.en.md): Generating Webpages . Interactive Content . Images & Animations
- [Customizing Graphics & Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/CustomizingGraphicsAndImages.en.md): Styling & Formatting
- [Deploying and Using Web APIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/DeployingAndUsingWebAPIs.en.md): Deploying APIs . Calling APIs . APIs for Report Generation
- [Deploying to Web & Mobile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/DeployingToWebAndMobile.en.md): Publishing to the Web . Creating Webpages . Creating Online Forms . Deploying and Using Web APIs . Responding to Email . Administering Deployments
- [Email & Social Media](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/EmailAndSocialMedia.en.md): Email . Social Media
- [Entering & Editing Math](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/EnteringAndEditingMath.en.md): Entering Math . Styling & Formatting
- [Entering & Editing Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/EnteringAndEditingText.en.md): Entering Text . Special Inputs . Styling & Formatting . Localization
- [Errors and Debugging](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ErrorsAndDebugging.en.md): 
- [Formatting Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/FormattingOutput.en.md): 
- [Getting Started with Wolfram Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/GettingStartedWithWolframNotebooks.en.md): Basic Operations . Going Further . More Things to Try
- [Graphics & Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/GraphicsAndImages.en.md): Importing . Sizing & Positioning . Extracting Data
- [Importing and Analyzing Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ImportingAndAnalyzingData.en.md): Importing Data . Importing Text . Importing from the Web . Working with Datasets . Analyzing Data . Analyzing Textual Data . Generating Reports
- [Initialization & Persistence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/InitializationAndPersistence.en.md): Initialization . Persistence
- [Initialization & Termination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/InitializationAndTermination.en.md): Initialization . Initializing Symbols
- [Interfacing with Other Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/InterfacingWithOtherSystems.en.md): Connecting to External Software . Connecting to External Devices . Sending Email . Using the Wolfram Language on the Command Line . Using the Wolfram Client Library for Python . Connecting to Excel
- [Machine Learning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/MachineLearning.en.md): Automated Machine Learning . Neural Networks
- [Managing Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ManagingKernels.en.md): Parallel Computing . Restarting Kernels
- [Notebook Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/NotebookInterfaces.en.md): Palettes . Toolbars . Interactive Interfaces
- [Notebook Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/NotebookManagement.en.md): Managing Notebook Size . Getting Notebook Information . Session Customization
- [Preparing and Giving Presentations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/PreparingAndGivingPresentations.en.md): Preparing Slide Show Presentations . Giving Slide Show Presentations . Formatting Notebooks for Presentation
- [Preparing Publications](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/PreparingPublications.en.md): 2D Graphics & Images . 3D Graphics & Images
- [Printing & Publishing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/PrintingAndPublishing.en.md): 
- [Programmatic Notebook Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/ProgrammaticNotebookOperations.en.md): Working in Notebooks . Creating Notebooks . Getting Information
- [Remote Batch Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/RemoteBatchComputation.en.md): Batch Computation Providers
- [Repositories, Sharing and Publishing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/RepositoriesSharingAndPublishing.en.md): Using Data Repositories . Email & Social Media . Publishing
- [Setup & Administration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/SetupAndAdministration.en.md): Installation & Activation . Initialization & Persistence . Managing Computational Resources . Connecting to External Software . Configuring Internet Access . Notebook Configuration . Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud
- [Software Development](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/SoftwareDevelopment.en.md): Handling Packages . Working with Code . Testing Code
- [Special Types of Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/SpecialTypesOfNotebooks.en.md): Form Notebooks . Palettes . Presentations & Publications . Templates & Reports . Testing
- [Specific Application Areas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/SpecificApplicationAreas.en.md): Machine Learning . Blockchains and Cryptography . Remote Batch Computation . Connecting to External Software
- [Styling & Formatting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/StylingAndFormatting.en.md): Global Notebook Styling . Styling Specific Content . Toolbars & Banners . Setting Up for Presentation . Printing & Exporting . Accessibility
- [Symbols and Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/SymbolsAndFunctions.en.md): Getting Help . Defining Functions . Using Contexts . Variables
- [Using Data Repositories](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/UsingDataRepositories.en.md): Using the Wolfram Data Repository . Setting Up Personal Data Resources . Publishing to the Wolfram Data Repository
- [Using the Wolfram Client Library for Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/UsingTheWolframClientLibraryForPython.en.md): Setting Up and Making Connections . Serializing Objects
- [Using the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/UsingTheWolframLanguage.en.md): Symbols and Functions . Working with Expressions . Natural-Language Operations . Working with Files . Formatting Output . Software Development . Errors and Debugging . Initialization & Termination . Managing Kernels . Managing Computational Resources . Using the Wolfram Language on the Command Line
- [Using the Wolfram Language on the Command Line](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/UsingTheWolframLanguageOnTheCommandLine.en.md): Scripting . Cloud Computing
- [Web-Deployed Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WebDeployedInterfaces.en.md): Forms . Conversational Interfaces . Interactive Webpages
- [Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WolframEnterprisePrivateCloud.en.md): Installing . Activating . Configuring . Upgrading
- [Working in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WorkingInNotebooks.en.md): Getting Started with Wolfram Notebooks . Entering & Editing Text . Entering & Editing Math . Styling & Formatting . Cells & Grouping . Graphics & Images . Active Elements & Controls . Computations & Code . Notebook Management . Special Types of Notebooks
- [Working in the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WorkingInTheCloud.en.md): Working with Cloud Notebooks . Storing Data in the Cloud . Computing in the Cloud . Controlling Access . Managing Your Cloud Account . Creating Online Forms . Deploying and Using Web APIs . Scheduled Tasks
- [Working with Cloud Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WorkingWithCloudNotebooks.en.md): Managing Cloud Notebooks . Working between Cloud and Desktop . Sharing Cloud Notebooks . Special Content
- [Working with Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WorkingWithData.en.md): Importing and Analyzing Data . Working with Datasets . Using Data Repositories . Machine Learning . Out-of-Core Processing . Report Generation
- [Working with Graphics, Images & Sounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflowguide/WorkingWithGraphicsImagesAndSounds.en.md): Video Processing . Creating Graphics & Images . Customizing Graphics & Images . Sizing & Positioning Graphics . Assembling Graphics & Images . Extracting Data from Graphics & Images . Preparing Publications . Sound . 3D Printing

## Workflows

- [Abort a Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AbortAComputation.en.md): If a computation runs too long, you can abort it with Evaluation > Abort Evaluation (cmd+.+alt+.+alt+.+cmd+.+alt+.+alt+.): Abort a computation in the Wolfram Cloud by clicking the computation icon next to the cell bracket:
- [Access a Password-Protected Website](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AccessAPasswordProtectedWebsite.en.md): Pass authentication credentials directly to the server or provide them using an interactive dialog.
- [Access GPIO on Raspberry Pi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AccessGPIOOnRaspberryPi.en.md): Wolfram Language code running on Raspberry Pi can read and write to the GPIO device to sense inputs and send outputs.
- [Acquire a Resource System Publisher ID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AcquireAResourceSystemPublisherID.en.md): To publish data in the Wolfram Data Repository, you first need to obtain a publisher ID. IDs can be for individuals or groups.
- [Activate Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud When Your VM Does Not Have External Internet Access](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ActivateWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudWhenYourVMDoesNotHaveExternalInternetAccess.en.md): If your VM does not have external internet access, but does have internal internet access, you can activate EPC locally with email assistance from Wolfram Technical Support.Start your VM containing the EPC desktop, click Activate Cloud, and note the machine ID:From a different machine that has email access, send an email to privatecloud-support@wolfram.com with your machine ID, Wolfram ID and activation key. Our support team will reply within one business day with the necessary information to ...
- [Activate Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud When Your VM Has External Internet Access](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ActivateWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudWhenYourVMHasExternalInternetAccess.en.md): Sign in to the Wolfram User Portal and select the My Products and Services tab. Click Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud and then View Activation Keys. Keep this window on screen for the next step:Start your VM containing the EPC desktop and click Activate Cloud. Then enter your Activation Key in the dialog and click OK to complete the activation.
- [Add a Banner to a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddABannerToANotebook.en.md): Put a fixed banner cell at the top of a notebook.
- [Add a Second Private Key to an Address in ARK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddASecondPrivateKeyToAnAddressInARK.en.md): Generate a second key pair for an address in ARK.
- [Add a Slide Break to a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddASlideBreakToAPresentation.en.md): Using the PresenterTools Toolbar..., Using the PresenterTools Style Palette..., Using the Legacy Slide Show Palette...
- [Add Styling to Math](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddStylingToMath.en.md): Click or drag to select part of a math expression:Change the styling of the selected subexpression using the Format menu. For example, choose Format > Text Color > Red to make it red. Styling in inputs does not affect evaluation or the output:Click or drag to select part of a math expression:Click Format to open the Formatting sidebar:Change the styling of the selected subexpression using the Format menu. For example, click the Colors color swatch to pick a different color. Styling in ...
- [Add Styling to Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddStylingToText.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically..., With a custom button..., Interactively..., Programmatically...
- [Add the Cloud to the Persistence Search Path](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddTheCloudToThePersistenceSearchPath.en.md): On the desktop, the default value of the persistence search path, $PersistencePath, does not include the cloud. Here is how to add it.
- [Add Transparency to Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddTransparencyToPlots.en.md): Create unobstructed views of multiple components of one plot or lighten a single plot component against the background.
- [Add Words to the Spelling Dictionary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AddWordsToTheSpellingDictionary.en.md): When spellchecking is turned on, words suspected of being misspelled are underlined in red. Hover over a word to add it to the spelling dictionary.
- [Adjust Slide Break Defaults in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AdjustSlideBreakDefaultsInAPresentation.en.md): Designate which styles will automatically start a new slide in a presenter notebook.
- [Analyze a Computable Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AnalyzeAComputableDataset.en.md): From a Database..., From a CSV, TSV or Other Character-Separated Data File...
- [Analyze an Email Inbox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AnalyzeAnEmailInbox.en.md): Import .mbox files for analysis.
- [Analyze Files in a Directory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AnalyzeFilesInADirectory.en.md): Define a function that gives the size and last modification date of a file:Use Insert > File Path to insert a file path as an argument to the function and evaluate:Get the sizes and modification dates of the files in a directory using FileSystemMap:
- [Analyze the Text on a Webpage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AnalyzeTheTextOnAWebpage.en.md): Get the text from a webpage as a string:This is the beginning of the imported text:Find the 10 most common nontrivial words on the webpage and the number of times they occur:Make a word cloud of the text:The text of Wikipedia pages can be easily extracted using WikipediaData, which automatically strips page contents that are not text:
- [Apply a Function to Cells in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ApplyAFunctionToCellsInANotebook.en.md): Programmatically query or modify the cells in a notebook.
- [Authenticate with Amazon Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AuthenticateWithAmazonWebServices.en.md): Configure the AWS service connection with your account credentials.
- [Autocomplete Symbols When Typing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AutocompleteSymbolsWhenTyping.en.md): Use autocompletion to type symbols quickly.
- [Automatically Use Separate Contexts for Different Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AutomaticallyUseSeparateContextsForDifferentNotebooks.en.md): Set up notebooks so that symbols in one will not interfere with symbols in another, a technique useful for creating 'scratch' notebooks for computational experiments.
- [Avoid Dynamic Content Warnings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/AvoidDynamicContentWarnings.en.md): If you open a Wolfram Notebook that contains Dynamic content, you may get a warning banner at the top that looks like this:Because Dynamic can execute potentially harmful code without your awareness, Dynamic content is disabled (indicated by the grayed-out areas) until you click Enable Dynamics.You can turn off the dynamic content warning for notebooks that reside in trusted directories that you designate.Choose TemplateBox[{RowBox[{StyleBox[[Product], MenuName, FontSize -> 14], StyleBox[ ...
- [Build a Manipulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/BuildAManipulate.en.md): Make any expression interactive.
- [Build a Multipage Form](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/BuildAMultipageForm.en.md): Make a form that asks for a number on page 1 and two colors on page 2 and returns the values entered. The first FormFunction argument is a list of pages, and each page is a list of controls:Deploy the FormFunction to the Wolfram Cloud with CloudDeploy, specifying Permissions->Public to give anyone access to it:Click the link in the CloudObject output to use the form. The form's function is applied to an association giving each form value and the value entered:Modify the form so that the ...
- [Calculate with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CalculateWithUnits.en.md): The Wolfram Language has sophisticated built-in functions for computing with, converting and analyzing quantities with units.
- [Call a Wolfram API from an External Program](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CallAWolframAPIFromAnExternalProgram.en.md): Run Wolfram Language code from external programs written in C++, C #, Python, Java, JavaScript and other languages.
- [Call a Wolfram API from Excel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CallAWolframAPIFromExcel.en.md): Use CloudConnector for Excel to call Wolfram APIs from within spreadsheets.
- [Call a Wolfram API from Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CallAWolframAPIFromPython.en.md): Using a Wolfram notebook..., Using a Jupyter notebook...
- [Call a Wolfram Language Expression from Excel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CallAWolframLanguageExpressionFromExcel.en.md): Use CloudConnector for Excel to call Wolfram Language functions from within spreadsheets.
- [Call Wolfram|Alpha from a Program](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CallWolframAlphaFromAProgram.en.md): Returning a Result in Wolfram|Alpha Format..., Returning a Computable Result..., Returning a Spoken Result...
- [Capture an Entire Webpage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CaptureAnEntireWebpage.en.md): Use WebExecute to screenshot an entire webpage.
- [Change Syntax Coloring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ChangeSyntaxColoring.en.md): Change the colors used to display syntactic elements and errors in code.
- [Change the Background Color of a Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ChangeTheBackgroundColorOfACell.en.md): Using the Menu..., Programmatically..., With a Custom Button...
- [Change the Magnification Settings of a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ChangeTheMagnificationSettingsOfANotebook.en.md): Programmatically change the magnification settings for a single notebook or for a specific stylesheet.
- [Change the Scale on a Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ChangeTheScaleOnAPlot.en.md): Alter the axes on a plot to better represent the data.
- [Change the Style of Points in a 2D Scatter Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ChangeTheStyleOfPointsInA2DScatterPlot.en.md): Generate some data to plot:Plot the data in a scatter plot. By default, the points are marked with blue dots:Specify PlotMarkers->Automatic to get slightly larger points:Use a preset size value:Give a numeric size value:
- [Choose a Stylesheet for a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ChooseAStylesheetForANotebook.en.md): Change the overall appearance of a notebook by changing its stylesheet.
- [Clear Definitions for Symbols and Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ClearDefinitionsForSymbolsAndFunctions.en.md): Clearing definitions works the same for symbols assigned values with Set (=) and functions defined with SetDelayed (:=).
- [Combine Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CombineGraphics.en.md): Here are bar chart and line plot graphics:Combine the graphics into a single graphic using Show:
- [Combine Multiple Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CombineMultipleImages.en.md): Make a single image from multiple images by collaging, overlaying or assembling an array of image components.
- [Configure for a Non-English Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureForANonEnglishInterface.en.md): Translate menus and code into a non-English language.
- [Configure Julia for ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureJuliaForExternalEvaluate.en.md): Configure your system to evaluate external Julia code.
- [Configure NodeJS for ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureNodeJSForExternalEvaluate.en.md): Configure your system to evaluate external JavaScript code.
- [Configure Non-English Code Captions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureNonEnglishCodeCaptions.en.md): Annotate Wolfram Language code with captions that give translations to a non-English language.
- [Configure Octave for ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureOctaveForExternalEvaluate.en.md): Configure your system to evaluate external Octave code.
- [Configure Presentation Keyboard Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigurePresentationKeyboardControls.en.md): Configure keyboard shortcuts for navigating through the slides in a presentation.
- [Configure Python for ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigurePythonForExternalEvaluate.en.md): Configure your system to evaluate external Python code.
- [Configure Ruby for ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureRubyForExternalEvaluate.en.md): Configure your system to evaluate external Ruby code.
- [Configure VNC for a Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud Instance on Amazon Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureVNCForAWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudInstanceOnAmazonWebServices.en.md): In order to access the GUI for a Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC) instance installed on Amazon Web Services, you need to configure the preinstalled VNC hosting application vncserver.
- [Configure Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConfigureWolframEnterprisePrivateCloud.en.md): After installing and activating Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC), you need to configure it before it will be ready for use.
- [Connect Python to the Wolfram Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConnectPythonToTheWolframCloud.en.md): Use the Wolfram Client Library for Python to start an authenticated session with the Wolfram Cloud.
- [Connect the Wolfram Cloud to Google Drive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConnectTheWolframCloudToGoogleDrive.en.md): Use the CloudConnector for Google Drive to read, edit and evaluate Wolfram Notebooks directly from Google Drive.
- [Connect to an External Java Program](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConnectToAnExternalJavaProgram.en.md): Access Java executables and resources directly from the Wolfram Language.
- [Connect to an External .NET Program](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConnectToAnExternalNETProgram.en.md): Access .NET executables and resources directly from a notebook.
- [Connect to a Server](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConnectToAServer.en.md): Create a client socket that opens up a connection with a server to send and receive requests.
- [Construct a File Path Programmatically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConstructAFilePathProgrammatically.en.md): Construct relative and absolute file paths.
- [Construct a URL Query String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConstructAURLQueryString.en.md): Make a URL-style string for querying websites and web APIs.
- [Control a Web Browser Programmatically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ControlAWebBrowserProgrammatically.en.md): Open and query webpages, manipulate DOM elements and run JavaScript code in a browser.
- [Control Interactive Content with a Gamepad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ControlInteractiveContentWithAGamepad.en.md): Plug in a gamepad and immediately manipulate interactive content with its controls.
- [Convert a Flash Video File to MP4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConvertAFlashVideoFileToMP4.en.md): Convert FLV files to MP4 format for compatibility with modern web browsers.
- [Convert a Notebook to a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ConvertANotebookToAPresentation.en.md): PresenterTools makes it quick and easy to turn an existing notebook into a presentation-ready slide show.
- [Copy a Cloud Notebook to the Desktop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CopyACloudNotebookToTheDesktop.en.md): Using the Menus..., Programmatically..., Using the Download Menu Item...
- [Copy a Desktop Notebook to the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CopyADesktopNotebookToTheCloud.en.md): Using the Menu..., Programmatically...
- [Copy a File from Desktop to Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CopyAFileFromDesktopToCloud.en.md): The Wolfram Cloud can host files of many types in addition to notebooks. Files can be uploaded programmatically from the desktop product or interactively in the cloud.
- [Create a Conversational Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAConversationalInterface.en.md): Make an interface that interactively asks users for multiple pieces of input.
- [Create a Demonstration for the Wolfram Demonstrations Project](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateADemonstrationForTheWolframDemonstrationsProject.en.md): Wolfram Demonstrations are interactive visualizations of concepts in a wide range of topics: science, technology, mathematics, art, finance and much more.
- [Create a Hierarchical Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAHierarchicalNotebook.en.md): Choose File > New > Notebook (cmd+N+ctrl+N+ctrl+N+cmd+N+ctrl+N+ctrl+N) to start creating a notebook. Enter a mix of Section, Subsection, Text and Input cells using the Format menu or keyboard shortcuts:Choose File > New > Notebook to start creating a notebook. Enter a mix of Section, Subsection, Text and Input cells using the cell insertion menu or keyboard shortcuts:Tap the menu icon at the upper left of the home screen and choose Create New Notebook to start creating a notebook. ...
- [Create a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAMatrix.en.md): Insert a typeset matrix.
- [Create an API for Generating Reports](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAnAPIForGeneratingReports.en.md): Create and deploy an API to the cloud to automatically generate a report using data provided to it.
- [Create an ARK Address](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAnARKAddress.en.md): Generate an address to make basic transactions on the ARK blockchain network.
- [Create an Autocopying Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAnAutocopyingNotebook.en.md): Make a notebook that automatically makes a copy of itself when it is opened.
- [Create and Maintain a Permissions Group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAndMaintainAPermissionsGroup.en.md): With permissions groups, you can specify which groups of people have access to your cloud objects.
- [Create and Use a New Style](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAndUseANewStyle.en.md): Add your own style to a notebook's stylesheet.
- [Create and Verify a Cryptographic Digital Signature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAndVerifyACryptographicDigitalSignature.en.md): Use GenerateAsymmetricKeyPair to create a private key to be used for sending an encrypted message:Create the message:Use GenerateDigitalSignature to sign the message with the private key:Use VerifyDigitalSignature to verify the signature with the public key:
- [Create an Ethereum Address](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAnEthereumAddress.en.md): Generate an address to make basic transactions on the Ethereum blockchain network.
- [Create an Image Processing Website](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAnImageProcessingWebsite.en.md): Here is an example of an image processing function that makes a line drawing from an image:Create a corresponding FormFunction that makes a line drawing from a given image:Deploy the FormFunction to the Wolfram Cloud to create an image processing website, specifying Permissions->Public to give anyone access to it:Click the link in the CloudObject output of CloudDeploy to visit the image processing website:Add a title and description to the image processing website, and descriptive labeling ...
- [Create an Index for a Cloud Directory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAnIndexForACloudDirectory.en.md): Create an index file to list the contents of the cloud directory.
- [Create a Package File](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAPackageFile.en.md): Put Wolfram Language definitions in a standalone file to be reused or shared.
- [Create a Palette](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAPalette.en.md): Make palettes for performing frequently used operations like inserting material, changing styles and modifying the selection.
- [Create a Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash Bitcoin Address](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAPayToPublicKeyHashBitcoinAddress.en.md): Generate a P2PKH address and a QR barcode to make basic transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain network.
- [Create a Python Web Application Using the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAPythonWebApplicationUsingTheWolframLanguage.en.md): Using a Single File with URLDispatcher..., Using Multiple Files in a Directory Layout...
- [Create a Section Heading](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateASectionHeading.en.md): Structure notebooks with sections and subsections.
- [Create a Short URL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAShortURL.en.md): For an Arbitrary URL..., For a Cloud Object...
- [Create a Slide Show Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateASlideShowPresentation.en.md): Use Presenter Tools to create a presentation.
- [Create a Standard Transaction in Bitcoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAStandardTransactionInBitcoin.en.md): Interact with the Bitcoin blockchain using highly customizable operations to submit transactions.
- [Create a Text Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateATextCell.en.md): Mix computations with text in Wolfram Notebooks.
- [Create a Transfer Transaction in ARK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateATransferTransactionInARK.en.md): Interact with the ARK blockchain using highly customizable operations to submit transactions.
- [Create a Web Form That Includes Content as Well as Input Fields](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAWebFormThatIncludesContentAsWellAsInputFields.en.md): Deploy a basic web form that asks for the name of a dog breed. Click the link in the CloudObject output to go to the form webpage:Add a title to the form with AppearanceRules:Add descriptive text between the title and the form's fields:Descriptive content is not limited to text. Add images of dogs:
- [Create a Webpage with Templates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateAWebpageWithTemplates.en.md): Use symbolic templating to create a webpage.
- [Create Form-like Content in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateFormLikeContentInANotebook.en.md): Form notebooks--structured, form-like content in Wolfram Notebooks--have a WYSIWYG-like authoring environment, optimized for inserting form elements and open coding areas to be later imported into an Association.
- [Create Interactive Content for the Web](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateInteractiveContentForTheWeb.en.md): Deploy interactive content, including controls, to the web.
- [Create Wolfram Language Scripts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CreateWolframLanguageScripts.en.md): Use the Wolfram Language as the scripting language for shell scripts.
- [Crop 2D Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/Crop2DImages.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically to Remove a Uniform Border..., Programmatically to a Given Size..., Programmatically, Trimming a Given Amount..., Programmatically, Extracting a Subimage by Coordinates..., Programmatically to Remove a Uniform Border..., Programmatically to a Given Size..., Programmatically, Trimming a Given Amount..., Programmatically to Remove a Uniform Border..., Programmatically to a Given Size..., Programmatically, Trimming a Given Amount...
- [Crop 3D Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/Crop3DImages.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically to Remove a Uniform Border..., Programmatically to a Given Size..., Programmatically, Trimming a Given Amount..., Programmatically, Extracting a Subimage..., Programmatically to Remove a Uniform Border..., Programmatically to a Given Size..., Programmatically, Trimming a Given Amount..., Programmatically, Extracting a Subimage..., Programmatically to Remove a Uniform Border..., Programmatically to a Given Size..., Programmatically, Trimming a Given Amount..., ...
- [Customize a Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CustomizeADataset.en.md): Get a Dataset of animal weights from the Wolfram Data Repository:Change the MaxItems displayed in the dataset:Change the background colors of the dataset:
- [Customize Charts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CustomizeCharts.en.md): Using Plot Themes..., Interactively..., Using Plot Themes..., Using Plot Themes...
- [Customize Formatting of Embedded HTML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CustomizeFormattingOfEmbeddedHTML.en.md): With Style Tags..., With an External CSS File...
- [Customize the Appearance of a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CustomizeTheAppearanceOfAPresentation.en.md): When Creating a New Presentation..., While Editing an Existing Presentation...
- [Customize the Behavior of Form Notebook Submission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/CustomizeTheBehaviorOfFormNotebookSubmission.en.md): Use any combination of data manipulation, interface creation, cloud APIs or other Wolfram Language expressions to affect a form notebook's generated data.
- [Define a Function with Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DefineAFunctionWithOptions.en.md): Use options in user-defined functions.
- [Delete In, Out Cell Labels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DeleteInOutCellLabels.en.md): Cell labels are added automatically to inputs and outputs to make it easy to refer to previous results. You can remove a cell label by clicking it and pressing del+backspace+backspace+del+backspace+backspace:
- [Deploy an Animation to the Web](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DeployAnAnimationToTheWeb.en.md): To deploy an animation to the web, start by creating a list of animation frames:Deploy the animation to a webpage as an animated GIF:By default, only you have access to the deployed animation. Add Permissions->Public to give access to everyone:
- [Deploy an API That Uses a Permissions Key](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DeployAnAPIThatUsesAPermissionsKey.en.md): Deploy a web API that requires specifying a permissions key to use it.
- [Deploy and Use a Cloud-Based API on the Command Line](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DeployAndUseACloudBasedAPIOnTheCommandLine.en.md): WolframScript can execute functions deployed using APIFunction with only the UUID as an argument.
- [Deploy a Web API](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DeployAWebAPI.en.md): Make Wolfram Language functions available as cloud APIs that can be called from other programming languages or embedded on webpages.
- [Design a Controller for a SystemModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DesignAControllerForASystemModel.en.md): Linearize the system, design a controller and connect it to the model.
- [Disable Copy-to-Clipboard Behavior for Cloud Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DisableCopyToClipboardBehaviorForCloudNotebooks.en.md): Turn off automatic click-to-copy behavior for output cells in notebooks deployed to the Wolfram Cloud.
- [Display a Notebook in Full Screen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DisplayANotebookInFullScreen.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically..., Programmatically When a Notebook Is Created...
- [Display Notebooks White on Black](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DisplayNotebooksWhiteOnBlack.en.md): Choose Format > Stylesheet > ReverseColor to make the current notebook white on black:
- [Divide and Merge Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DivideAndMergeCells.en.md): To divide a cell, click where you want to divide and choose Cell > Divide Cell or type cmd+shift+d:To merge two or more cells, select the cells and choose Cell > Merge Cells or type cmd+shift+m:To divide a cell, click where you want to divide, hover near the cell bracket, click the cell menu icon, and choose Divide Cell:To merge one or more cells, select the cells, hover near the cell bracket, click the cell menu icon, and choose Merge Cells:
- [Do a Computation without Displaying Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DoAComputationWithoutDisplayingOutput.en.md): Evaluating an expression usually gives the result as output:Adding a semicolon (;) to the end of an expression suppresses the output:The assignment is done even though the output is suppressed:You can refer to the result of the previous computation using % even if the output is suppressed by a semicolon:
- [Download Data from the Wolfram Data Repository](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DownloadDataFromTheWolframDataRepository.en.md): Most data resources are available for download in a variety of common formats.
- [Dynamically Monitor Values of Variables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/DynamicallyMonitorValuesOfVariables.en.md): Monitor the values of variables as they change during a computation.
- [Edit a Cloud Notebook from the Desktop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EditACloudNotebookFromTheDesktop.en.md): Using the Menus..., Programatically...
- [Edit a Style in a Notebook's Stylesheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EditAStyleInANotebooksStylesheet.en.md): Change the overall appearance of a notebook by editing the styles in its stylesheet.
- [Embed a Cloud Notebook in a Webpage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EmbedACloudNotebookInAWebpage.en.md): Use either the Wolfram Notebook Embedder library for JavaScript or iframes to embed a cloud notebook into a webpage.
- [Embed HTML in a Cloud Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EmbedHTMLInACloudNotebook.en.md): With Static Content..., With Parameterized Content..., With JavaScript Content..., With Static Content..., With Parameterized Content..., With JavaScript Content...
- [Embed Video in a Cloud Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EmbedVideoInACloudNotebook.en.md): Get a video ID from your video service:In your cloud notebook, evaluate EmbeddedService to generate a cell embedding the video: Once the embedded video is in the notebook, you can delete the input that generated it:To keep the input but hide it, double-click the output cell bracket:
- [Enter a Grid of Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterAGridOfExpressions.en.md): Create grids directly using the keyboard or with the Grid function.
- [Enter Free-Form Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterFreeFormInput.en.md): Enter entities and other computable expressions using natural language.
- [Enter Math Notation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterMathNotation.en.md): Enter math notation directly from the keyboard or using menu commands.
- [Automatically Enter Paired Delimiters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterPairedDelimiters.en.md): When typing brackets, braces and other delimiters, automatically enter both delimiters at once.
- [Enter Quantities with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterQuantitiesWithUnits.en.md): Enter quantities with units directly from the keyboard using natural language or Wolfram Language syntax.
- [Enter Special Characters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterSpecialCharacters.en.md): There are several ways to enter the special characters that are not present on a standard keyboard.
- [Enter Subscripts and Superscripts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EnterSubscriptsAndSuperscripts.en.md): Enter subscripts and superscripts directly from the keyboard or using menu commands.
- [Evaluate an Expression in Place](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EvaluateAnExpressionInPlace.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically...
- [Evaluate a Wolfram Language Expression from Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/EvaluateAWolframLanguageExpressionFromPython.en.md): Evaluate local Wolfram Language code directly from Python with a persistent kernel session.
- [Execute a Python File with ExternalEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExecuteAPythonFileWithExternalEvaluate.en.md): Python runs in an external session that must be started before you can evaluate Python code:Here is an example Python file with a function that prints a message in uppercase:Load the file into the current external session:Call Python functions with ExternalEvaluate. There are three ways to do this.Use an association of named Python command-line elements:
- [Expand the Selection in an Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExpandTheSelectionInAnExpression.en.md): Quickly select subexpressions with multiclicking and keyboard shortcuts.
- [Export a Notebook to a Latex Document](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExportANotebookToALatexDocument.en.md): Using the File Menu..., Customizing with Export..., Using Utility Functions...
- [Extract a Region from an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExtractARegionFromAnImage.en.md): Use drawing tools or code to extract a region from an image.
- [Extract Columns in a Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExtractColumnsInADataset.en.md): By Column Name..., By Column Index...
- [Extract Images from a Webpage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExtractImagesFromAWebpage.en.md): Import the images from a webpage as a list:
- [Extract Textual Content from Webpages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ExtractTextualContentFromWebpages.en.md): Use WebExecute to get the rendered text content of a node and its descendants.
- [Find All Defined Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindAllDefinedFunctions.en.md): Every Wolfram Language symbol exists in a 'context'. Built-in symbols are in the System` context, and by default, user-defined symbols are in the Global` context. When a new session is started, the Global` context is normally empty:When you create a symbol, it is added to the Global` context:When you define a function, the function name is added to the Global` context along with the function's parameters:All user-defined symbols (including functions) are in the Global` context:In contrast to ...
- [Find All Initializations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindAllInitializations.en.md): List all initializations and optionally remove them.
- [Find a Notebook's NotebookObject Identifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindANotebooksNotebookObjectIdentifier.en.md): To operate on a notebook programmatically, you usually need to know the corresponding NotebookObject identifier. Here is how to find the NotebookObject that corresponds to a given notebook window.
- [Find Help on a Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindHelpOnAFunction.en.md): When Writing Code..., In Existing Code..., In the Documentation Center..., When Writing Code..., In Existing Code..., In the Documentation Center..., In the Documentation Center...
- [Find Out How a Message Was Generated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindOutHowAMessageWasGenerated.en.md): When an evaluation produces a message, you can click the 'More information' icon () to the left of the message and select Show Stack Trace to get a stack trace showing where the message was generated:
- [Find the Edit History of a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindTheEditHistoryOfANotebook.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically...
- [Find the Execution Time for an Evaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindTheExecutionTimeForAnEvaluation.en.md): To find the amount of wall-clock time it takes to evaluate an expression, wrap it with AbsoluteTiming:Compare this with the timing of the analogous evaluation that uses a Do loop:The results are the same:However, the Table expression is much faster than the expression using AppendTo. Calculate the ratio of the two computation times:
- [Find the Size of a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindTheSizeOfANotebook.en.md): In Memory..., In Storage...
- [Find the Underlying Box Structure of a Formatted Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindTheUnderlyingBoxStructureOfAFormattedExpression.en.md): When Wolfram Language expressions are displayed in notebooks, they are represented by two-dimensional typesetting structures of 'boxes'. Boxes normally work invisibly behind the scenes, but you can find out what box structure corresponds to a given expression.
- [Find the Underlying Tree Structure of an Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindTheUnderlyingTreeStructureOfAnExpression.en.md): Wolfram Language expressions are nested structures of heads and arguments. They may not appear that way when they are displayed, since many expressions have special display forms to make them more readable.
- [Find When Your License Will Expire](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindWhenYourLicenseWillExpire.en.md): Programmatically..., From the Account Page..., Programmatically..., From the Account Page..., Programmatically..., From the Account Page...
- [Find Your Activation Key](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindYourActivationKey.en.md): For Mathematica, Wolfram Desktop and Wolfram Finance Platform, there are three ways to find your activation key: in the Wolfram User Portal, via the in-product menu or directly in a Wolfram Notebook.
- [Find Your Cloud Credits Balance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/FindYourCloudCreditsBalance.en.md): Using the Cloud Interface..., Programmatically...
- [Generate a Report According to a Schedule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GenerateAReportAccordingToASchedule.en.md): Set up a report generator in the cloud that will automatically generate reports at specified time intervals.
- [Generate a Report as a PDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GenerateAReportAsAPDF.en.md): Set up a document generator in the cloud that will use a notebook template to automatically generate and email a PDF at specified time intervals.
- [Generate JSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GenerateJSON.en.md): Export Wolfram Language expressions as JSON, UBJSON or ExpressionJSON.
- [Generate TeX with the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GenerateTeXWithTheWolframLanguage.en.md): Export individual cells or whole notebooks in LaTeX format.
- [Get a License for Gurobi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetALicenseForGurobi.en.md): The Gurobi method for optimization requires a license for the Gurobi Optimizer commercial solver.
- [Get a License for MOSEK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetALicenseForMOSEK.en.md): The MOSEK method for optimization requires a license for the MOSEK commercial solver.
- [Get a License for Xpress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetALicenseForXpress.en.md): The Xpress method for optimization requires a license for the Xpress Optimizer commercial solver.
- [Get a Stack Trace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetAStackTrace.en.md): When an Error Occurs..., In Program Code...
- [Get Coordinates from an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetCoordinatesFromAnImage.en.md): Extract the coordinates of points in an image for use in image processing and analysis, image annotation and other applications.
- [Get Coordinates from Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetCoordinatesFromGraphics.en.md): Extract the coordinates of points from 2D graphics for making measurements, adding annotations and other applications.
- [Get Data from a RESTful API](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetDataFromARESTfulAPI.en.md): Some APIs require the use of a key, which you obtain when you register to use the site. Store the key in a safe place; you will need it whenever you access the API:You obtain information from a RESTful API by sending it a URI. Refer to the API documentation for request URI formats:Build a URI according to the specified format, incorporating your API key from step 1:Send the request URI to the API, retrieving forecast information in RawJSON format:
- [Get Elements of a List](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetElementsOfAList.en.md): Extract individual elements or groups of elements from a list.
- [Get Information on System Configuration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetInformationOnSystemConfiguration.en.md): Get detailed information about your Wolfram System installation.
- [Get Information on the Current Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetInformationOnTheCurrentNotebook.en.md): NotebookInformation returns information about the current notebook:Use ReplaceAll (/.) to pick out a particular piece of information:
- [Get Output in Traditional Textbook Form](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetOutputInTraditionalTextbookForm.en.md): Convert mathematical output to the form found in textbooks--with traditional function names and notations.
- [Get Parts of a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GetPartsOfAMatrix.en.md): Pick out and extract parts of matrices.
- [Group and Ungroup Cells Manually](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/GroupAndUngroupCellsManually.en.md): Group cells in order to select them as a unit or hide all but one cell in the group. (Cells are usually automatically grouped; manual grouping gives additional control.)
- [Handle Character Encoding Issues in Imported Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/HandleCharacterEncodingIssuesInImportedText.en.md): If the characters in imported text look wrong, that may be due to a mismatch between the character encoding used in the text and the one used to import it.
- [Handle Code Symbolically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/HandleCodeSymbolically.en.md): Temporarily prevent expressions from evaluating so that you can work with them symbolically.
- [Handle Shadowing of Symbol Names](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/HandleShadowingOfSymbolNames.en.md): Loading a package may result in 'shadowed' symbols. Here is what to do about it.
- [Hide Cell Brackets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/HideCellBrackets.en.md): Cell brackets show the structure of Wolfram Notebooks and aid in selecting cells, but for some purposes, you may want to hide them.
- [Hide Input in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/HideInputInANotebook.en.md): Clean up the appearance of a notebook by hiding input code.
- [Import a File](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportAFile.en.md): Import images, sounds, 3D models, spreadsheets, tabular data, molecular data... just about any common file format.
- [Import an Image into a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportAnImageIntoANotebook.en.md): With Drag and Drop..., Using a Built-In Camera..., With Web Search..., Programmatically by File Name..., Programmatically by URL..., Using a Built-In Camera..., Programmatically by File Name..., Programmatically by URL..., With Web Search..., Using a Built-In Camera..., From a Photo Library..., Programmatically by File Name..., Programmatically by URL..., With Web Search...
- [Import Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportData.en.md): Import data from webpages and files in just about any common format.
- [Import Data from a Website](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportDataFromAWebsite.en.md): Easily extract lists and tables from webpages.
- [Import Material from a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportMaterialFromANotebook.en.md): Get the contents of cells of given styles in a notebook.
- [Import Tabular Data as a Computable Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportTabularDataAsAComputableDataset.en.md): From a Database..., From a CSV, TSV or Other Character-Separated Data File..., From a Spreadsheet...
- [Import Tabular Data from a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportTabularDataFromANotebook.en.md): Tabular data in notebooks is most often formatted as Grid expressions. Read the contents of Output cells in a notebook of boiling points and specific heats of elements and select those that are Grid expressions:The first argument of a Grid expression contains the data in the grid. Extract the data with First:Extracted data may require some post-processing to put it into the form you want. For example, apply QuantityMagnitude to the second column of each table to extract the numerical values of ...
- [Import Text for Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportTextForComputation.en.md): From a File..., From a Webpage..., From Wikipedia...
- [Import Text from a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportTextFromANotebook.en.md): Here is an example notebook:Import the text from 'Section' and 'Text' cells in the notebook:Preserve the cell grouping structure in the notebook by specifying the rule 'FlattenCellGroups'->False:
- [Import XML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ImportXML.en.md): Manipulate XML documents with the Wolfram Language.
- [Insert a Control in an Input Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InsertAControlInAnInputExpression.en.md): Put any control directly in an input. Change the control setting and evaluate to use the value of the control.
- [Insert a File Path in Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InsertAFilePathInInput.en.md): Insert a file path into an expression using a file browser instead of typing.
- [Insert a Horizontal Line in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InsertAHorizontalLineInANotebook.en.md): Add lines to notebooks to delimit headers and blocks of content.
- [Insert a Hyperlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InsertAHyperlink.en.md): Link to webpages and other notebooks.
- [Insert Inline Math in Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InsertInlineMathInText.en.md): Put typeset mathematical expressions directly inline in text.
- [Inset One Graphic into Another](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InsetOneGraphicIntoAnother.en.md): With Copy and Paste..., Programmatically...
- [Install the Wolfram Client Library for Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallTheWolframClientLibraryForPython.en.md): Install this library to evaluate Wolfram Language expressions directly in Python.
- [Install the Wolfram Notebook Embedder Library](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallTheWolframNotebookEmbedderLibrary.en.md): Install this library to embed a cloud notebook into a webpage and interact with it using JavaScript.
- [Install the Wolfram Web Engine for Python](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallTheWolframWebEngineForPython.en.md): Integrate Wolfram Language functionality seamlessly with existing Python web applications like Django and AIOHTTP.
- [Install Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud on Amazon Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudOnAmazonWebServices.en.md): This workflow is intended as a supplement to the Amazon Web Services documentation.
- [Install Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud on Oracle VirtualBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudOnOracleVirtualBox.en.md): Open a browser and sign into the Wolfram User Portal: In the 'Downloads' section at the bottom of the page, select Current Version and click the 'Download' button for the Wolfram EPC VM:Open the VirtualBox application and import the Wolfram EPC appliance you downloaded:Click Import to begin the installation. When the import is complete, EPC will appear in your library:Click Start to launch EPC:
- [Install Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud on VMWare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudOnVMWare.en.md): If you're using VMWare vSphere ESXi version 6.0 and later..., If you're using VMWare vSphere ESXi version 5.5 and earlier...
- [Install WolframScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/InstallWolframScript.en.md): With WolframScript you can call Wolfram Language functions from the command line.
- [Label a Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/LabelAPlot.en.md): Use flexible options for labeling plots to present ideas more clearly in presentations and publications.
- [Learn to Program](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/LearnToProgram.en.md): Learn to write Wolfram Language programs whether you are new to programming or have experience with another language.
- [Limit the Amount of History Stored in the System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/LimitTheAmountOfHistoryStoredInTheSystem.en.md): Reduce memory usage in a session by limiting the amount of history that is remembered.
- [Load a Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/LoadAPackage.en.md): Extend Wolfram Language functionality by loading functions defined in a package.
- [Lock or Unlock Image Scaling in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/LockOrUnlockImageScalingInAPresentation.en.md): By default, images scale when you change the width of a presenter notebook. You can lock the size of an image to keep it from scaling.
- [Make a 3D Printout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeA3DPrintout.en.md): Send a 3D model to a print service or local 3D printer.
- [Make a Grid Containing Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeAGridContainingText.en.md): Programmatically..., Programmatically..., Programmatically...
- [Make a Grid of Output Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeAGridOfOutputData.en.md): Dataset gives a quick, left-aligned view of tabular data in an array:When the data is a list of associations, Dataset displays the association keys as column headings:For detailed control of formatting, use Grid.Here is data on objects and their dimensions:Make a grid of the data:
- [Make a Notebook File Smaller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeANotebookFileSmaller.en.md): Reduce the size of a notebook file to save storage space or for faster loading.
- [Make a Notebook-Width Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeANotebookWidthImage.en.md): When Creating an Image..., When the Image Already Exists...
- [Make Bulleted Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeBulletedLists.en.md): To start a bulleted list, type an asterisk (*) in an input cell followed by the content of a list item:Type return within an item to add another item underneath it:Type return followed by tab to start a sublist:To start a bulleted list, type an asterisk (*) in an input cell followed by the content of a list item:Type return within an item to add another item underneath it:
- [Make Forms with Sliders and Other Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeFormsWithSlidersAndOtherControls.en.md): Wolfram Language forms support a wide variety of controls in forms, including sliders, checkboxes, file browsers, radio buttons and custom controls.
- [Make Ordered Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakeOrderedLists.en.md): Automatically number text for any cell style.
- [Make Publication-Quality Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/MakePublicationQualityGraphics.en.md): Make a simple 3D chart:Add options to change styling and image size to suit publication requirements:Export the graphic as a PDF to a file:Drag and drop or insert the graphics file into your document.In TeX source documents, embed the graphics with \\includegraphics:
- [Modify Styles in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ModifyStylesInAPresentation.en.md): Modify an example cell's styles and apply the modifications to all cells with the same style.
- [Name a Notebook in the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/NameANotebookInTheCloud.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically...
- [Open and Close Cell Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/OpenAndCloseCellGroups.en.md): Interactively..., Using Menus...
- [Operate on Files in a Directory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/OperateOnFilesInADirectory.en.md): Apply an operation to each of the files in a directory, producing a new directory of files.
- [Persist Values between Sessions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PersistValuesBetweenSessions.en.md): For Local Use..., For Use Both on the Desktop and in the Cloud...
- [Publish in the Paclet Repository](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PrepareAPacletForPublication.en.md): Prepare a paclet and publish it in the Wolfram Language Paclet Repository
- [Prevent Internet Access from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PreventInternetAccessFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): For classroom use or to prevent unintentional downloads, you can disable Wolfram Language access to the internet.
- [Print Intermediate Values of a Variable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PrintIntermediateValuesOfAVariable.en.md): Here is an expression that creates five sizes of 'a':Wrap i with Echo to print its intermediate values:
- [Programmatically Create a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ProgrammaticallyCreateANotebook.en.md): Create a notebook with CreateDocument. Include textual cells with TextCell and input and output cells with ExpressionCell:
- [Generate a Report from a Template](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ProgrammaticallyGenerateAReportFromATemplate.en.md): Here is a template for generating grading reports:Create an association that fills in the named slots in the template:Use GenerateDocument to generate a report using the template:Here is a template for generating grading reports:Create an association that fills in the named slots in the template:
- [Programmatically Insert a Cell in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ProgrammaticallyInsertACellInANotebook.en.md): After the Cell Being Evaluated..., At the Current Selection...
- [Provide Initial Data to a Form](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ProvideInitialDataToAForm.en.md): Deploy a web form that calculates the distance between two locations:Initialize the From field with the name of the nearest city; replace the From field's Location type with an Association that specifies both the type (Interpreter key) and the initial value (Input key). Use RuleDelayed (:>) with Input so that the value is calculated when the form is used rather than when the form is deployed:
- [Publish a CDF Document](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PublishACDFDocument.en.md): Publish a document that can be viewed and operated by anyone with the free desktop Wolfram CDF Player or iOS Wolfram Player app.
- [Publish a Notebook to the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PublishANotebookToTheCloud.en.md): Publish a notebook document that can be viewed by anyone in the Wolfram Cloud.
- [Publish a Presentation to the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PublishAPresentationToTheCloud.en.md): Publish a finished slide show notebook to the Wolfram Cloud that can be viewed by and presented to anyone.
- [Put a Dingbat on a Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutADingbatOnACell.en.md): Add an icon to the left side of a cell.
- [Put a Downloadable File in the Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutADownloadableFileInTheCloud.en.md): Put an image file in the cloud in PNG format:The link in the CloudObject output is the URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) of the object.Click the link in the CloudObject output to visit the deployed image:Retrieve the image with CloudImport, specifying the URI of the object:The PNG image imports as an Image object:
- [Put a Frame around a Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutAFrameAroundACell.en.md): Using the Writing Assistant Palette..., Programmatically..., With a Custom Button..., Programmatically...
- [Put an Image on the Web](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutAnImageOnTheWeb.en.md): On a Standalone Webpage..., Embedded in a Webpage...
- [Put Autoupdating Dynamic Content in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutAutoupdatingDynamicContentInANotebook.en.md): Notebooks can contain dynamic content that updates automatically. Put the content that you want to autoupdate inside Dynamic and specify an UpdateInterval:
- [Put Graphics in a Grid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutGraphicsInAGrid.en.md): Here is an array of Graphics and text objects:Use GraphicsGrid to format an array of graphics as a grid:A GraphicsGrid can be resized as a whole:
- [Put Headers and Footers on Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/PutHeadersAndFootersOnNotebooks.en.md): Create headers and footers to display when a notebook is printed.
- [Read JSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ReadJSON.en.md): Import the contents of JSON, UBJSON and ExpressionJSON files as Wolfram Language expressions.
- [Record a Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RecordASound.en.md): Record sounds directly in Wolfram Notebooks.
- [Reformat an Expression in Traditional Form](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ReformatAnExpressionInTraditionalForm.en.md): Convert an expression to traditional textbook notation.
- [Register as a Delegate in ARK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RegisterAsADelegateInARK.en.md): Create and submit a transaction to register as a delegate in ARK.
- [Remove All Output from a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RemoveAllOutputFromANotebook.en.md): Reduce file size or remove sensitive output data by saving a notebook without output.
- [Remove a Slide Break from a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RemoveASlideBreakFromAPresentation.en.md): Using the Gear Menu on a Slide Break..., By Configuring Slide Break Defaults...
- [Rerun a Previous Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RerunAPreviousInput.en.md): With the selection in the cell you want to rerun, press shift+enter:With the selection in the cell you want to rerun, press shift+enter:With the selection in the cell you want to rerun, tap evaluate:
- [Resize a Graphic, Changing Its Aspect Ratio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ResizeAGraphicChangingItsAspectRatio.en.md): Press the shift key while resizing to change a graphic's aspect ratio.
- [Resize a Graphic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ResizeAGraphic.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically..., Interactively..., Programmatically...
- [Restart the Kernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RestartTheKernel.en.md): To clear all definitions or to reclaim resources used by the kernel, you may want to restart it.
- [Reuse Input from Above](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ReuseInputFromAbove.en.md): Using a Menu Item or Keyboard Shortcut..., Programmatically by Line Number..., Programmatically by Line Number..., Programmatically by Line Number...
- [Rotate, Pan and Zoom 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RotatePanAndZoom3DGraphics.en.md): Use modifier keys to rotate, pan and zoom when dragging a 3D graphic.
- [Run a Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RunAComputation.en.md): At a cell insertion point, type an input:Type shift+return+shift+enter+shift+enter+shift+return+shift+enter+shift+enter to evaluate the input. The output appears in a cell underneath the input:At a cell insertion point, type an input:Type shift+return+shift+enter+shift+enter+shift+return+shift+enter+shift+enter to evaluate the input. The output appears in a cell underneath the input:Tap Input cell at the bottom of the screen to begin a new input cell:
- [Run a Computation in Parallel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RunAComputationInParallel.en.md): Take advantage of multicore computers by running compute-intensive computations on multiple kernels.
- [Run a Notebook Programmatically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RunANotebookProgrammatically.en.md): Without Running Initialization First..., Running Initialization First...
- [Run Wolfram Language Code from the Command Line](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/RunWolframLanguageCodeFromTheCommandLine.en.md): Use the Wolfram Language in a command-line interface with the WolframScript command-line script interpreter.
- [Save a Notebook as a PDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SaveANotebookAsAPDF.en.md): Interactively..., Programmatically...
- [Select All Cells of a Certain Style](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SelectAllCellsOfACertainStyle.en.md): Select and copy all cells of a particular style within a notebook.
- [Select Elements in a Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SelectElementsInADataset.en.md): By Name or Index..., By Selection Criteria...
- [Send Email from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SendEmailFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): To Yourself..., To Someone Else..., With Embedded Images...
- [Send Ether](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SendEther.en.md): Interact with the Ethereum blockchain using highly customizable operations to submit transactions.
- [Serialize Python Objects to InputForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SerializePythonObjectsToInputForm.en.md): Use Python serialization methods to export an expression to a Wolfram Language input.
- [Serialize Python Objects to WXF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SerializePythonObjectsToWXF.en.md): Use Python serialization methods to export an expression to the WXF format.
- [Set a Cloud Object's Permissions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetACloudObjectsPermissions.en.md): Access to a cloud object is controlled by the setting of its Permissions option. Set permissions so that only you have access, or share a cloud object with the world.
- [Set Detailed Properties of a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetDetailedPropertiesOfANotebook.en.md): Many properties of notebook appearance and behavior can be customized by setting the values of options.
- [Set Page Breaks for Printing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetPageBreaksForPrinting.en.md): To insert a page break into a notebook, click where you want the break and choose Insert > Page Break. The page break is indicated by a thick line:
- [Set Up a Cloud Object with a Permissions Key](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpACloudObjectWithAPermissionsKey.en.md): Restrict access to a cloud object to those who know its permissions key.
- [Set Up a Default Style to Use for Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpADefaultStyleToUseForCells.en.md): When your typing creates a new cell in a notebook, it is typically an Input cell. You can change the default to a different style.
- [Set Up a Docked Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpADockedCell.en.md): Put a stationary cell at the top of a notebook, typically for use as a toolbar or banner.
- [Set Up a Form That Takes Images as Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAFormThatTakesImagesAsInput.en.md): Make a FormFunction that asks for an image and location and displays the image together with a map of the location:Deploy the FormFunction to the Wolfram Cloud, giving the deployment 'Public' permissions so that anyone can access it:Click the link in the CloudObject output to try out the FormFunction:
- [Set Up a Mobile Phone Number](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAMobilePhoneNumber.en.md): Add your mobile phone number to your Wolfram account so you can send text messages (SMS) and multimedia messages (MMS) programmatically from the Wolfram Language.
- [Set Up an Automatic Mail Receiver Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAnAutomaticMailReceiverFunction.en.md): Set up an email address in the cloud that applies a function to all messages it receives.
- [Set Up an Entity Store](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAnEntityStore.en.md): Extend the built-in Wolfram Knowledgebase with your own 'entities'-- structured, computable representations of knowledge.
- [Set Up an Initialization Cell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAnInitializationCell.en.md): Designate cells in a notebook to be evaluated automatically before the first user evaluation after the notebook is opened.
- [Set Up a Notebook Template](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpANotebookTemplate.en.md): Create a notebook template and generate a report with specified data.Using the Menu...Programmatically...
- [Set Up a Personal Data Resource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAPersonalDataResource.en.md): Use your Wolfram Cloud account to create a personal data resource.
- [Set Up a Repeated-Use Form Page](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpARepeatedUseFormPage.en.md): Make a web form that can be filled and submitted multiple times.
- [Set Up a Web Gallery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpAWebGallery.en.md): Put a gallery of items on a webpage.
- [Set Up Error Checking and Messages in a Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpErrorCheckingAndMessagesInAFunction.en.md): Use the same error-messaging mechanism in your functions that system functions use.
- [Set Up Icons to Be Used on Mobile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpIconsToBeUsedOnMobile.en.md): Customize the icons shown in the Wolfram Cloud mobile app.
- [Set Up Initialization for a Symbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpInitializationForASymbol.en.md): Automatically initialize a symbol whenever a kernel is launched.
- [Set Up Initialization to Run whenever a Session Starts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpInitializationToRunWheneverASessionStarts.en.md): Write code that automatically runs at the beginning of every kernel session.
- [Set Up Openers for Cell Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpOpenersForCellGroups.en.md): Change opener controls to cell groups to make them easier to open and close.
- [Set Up the AWS Batch Computation Provider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpTheAWSBatchComputationProvider.en.md): Configure your Amazon Web Services account with resources needed to submit batch jobs.
- [Set Up the Azure Batch Computation Provider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpTheAzureBatchComputationProvider.en.md): Configure your Microsoft Azure subscription with an Azure Batch account and other resources needed to submit batch jobs.
- [Set Up the Charity Engine Batch Computation Provider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpTheCharityEngineBatchComputationProvider.en.md): Configure the Charity Engine service connection in order to submit batch jobs.
- [Set Up the Wolfram Language to Use Email](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SetUpTheWolframLanguageToUseEmail.en.md): To use email from the Wolfram Language, you need to specify your email servers and credentials.
- [Share a Cloud Notebook with Others](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShareACloudNotebookWithOthers.en.md): Starting with a Desktop Notebook..., Starting with a Cloud Notebook..., Using Menus..., Programmatically...
- [Share a Paclet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShareAPaclet.en.md): Distribute a paclet in the cloud using the Paclet Resource Definition Notebook
- [Share a Personal Data Resource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShareAPersonalDataResource.en.md): Give others access to your personal data resources.
- [Share to Social Media](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShareToSocialMedia.en.md): Send messages to social media from the Wolfram Language.
- [Shorten Long Inputs with Iconize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShortenLongInputsWithIconize.en.md): Shorten large expressions or subexpressions to compact, iconized forms.
- [Shorten Long Outputs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShortenLongOutputs.en.md): Using Automatic Shortening..., To Iconized Form..., By Number of Lines..., By Number of Lines of Text..., By Expression Depth...
- [Show Hidden Cell Brackets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/ShowHiddenCellBrackets.en.md): Cell brackets may be hidden in some notebooks. Make them visible to make notebook structure apparent and aid in making selections.
- [Specify Where a Notebook Should Open on Your Screen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SpecifyWhereANotebookShouldOpenOnYourScreen.en.md): The size and position of a notebook on your screen is determined by its WindowSize and WindowMargins options.
- [Store Data in a Cloud Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/StoreDataInACloudExpression.en.md): Put the expression {1,2,3,4,5} in the cloud:Get the value of the cloud expression:Append a value to the cloud expression:Get the updated cloud expression:Change the value of the third element in the cloud expression:
- [Store Data in a Cloud Object](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/StoreDataInACloudObject.en.md): Create a cloud object that stores data between sessions.
- [Submit to the Wolfram Data Repository](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SubmitToTheWolframDataRepository.en.md): Make your data immediately computable and available to the world by submitting it to the Wolfram Data Repository. Both definitive datasets and interesting samples are eligible for publication.
- [Substitute Values of Variables in Functions That Hold Their Arguments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SubstituteValuesOfVariablesInFunctionsThatHoldTheirArguments.en.md): Define a held expression that refers to the variable x:Because Hold has the attribute HoldAll, x is not evaluated when the held expression is defined, so the body of the expression refers to the global variable x. The value of x is obtained when the Hold is released:To effectively force x to evaluate when the held expression is defined, use With:Now changes in the value of x have no effect on the value returned when the Hold is released:
- [Suppress Error Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SuppressErrorMessages.en.md): In a Single Evaluation..., For an Entire Session..., For an Entire Session Programmatically by Name...
- [Switch between Working and Presentation Environments in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/SwitchBetweenWorkingAndPresentationEnvironmentsInAPresentation.en.md): Use the Working environment to edit a presentation. Switch to the Presentation environment to present it.
- [Train a Machine Learning Classifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/TrainAMachineLearningClassifier.en.md): Train a classifier to differentiate between dark and light colors.
- [Turn Off the Suggestions Bar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/TurnOffTheSuggestionsBar.en.md): Temporarily..., Permanently..., Completely...
- [Understand Error Messages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UnderstandErrorMessages.en.md): When a function encounters an error, it will typically issue a message underneath the input or in the Messages window, depending on error message settings. The printed form of a message gives the function that caused the error and a short explanation of its cause:If the cause of an error is not clear from the error message, click the 'More information' icon () to the left of the message and choose the documentation item to see more detailed documentation:To suppress an error message in all ...
- [Upgrade Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud via a Command-Line Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UpgradeWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudViaACommandLineInterface.en.md): Begin by signing in to the Wolfram User Portal:Select My Products and Services and click 'Get downloads' for Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC):In the 'Downloads' section at the bottom of the page, select Current Version and click the 'Download' button for Wolfram EPC:Move the update file you downloaded onto your EPC:Go to the updater directory:
- [Upgrade Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud via Management Desktop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UpgradeWolframEnterprisePrivateCloudViaManagementDesktop.en.md): Begin by signing in to the Wolfram User Portal:Select My Products and Services and click 'Get downloads' for Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC):In the 'Downloads' section at the bottom of the page, select Current Version and click the 'Download' button for Wolfram EPC:Move the update file you downloaded onto your EPC:Using your virtual machine client (for example, Oracle VM VirtualBox, VNC Viewer, Mac Screensharing tool), connect to the EPC graphical interface. Log in to EPC Management ...
- [Use a Proxy Server to Access the Internet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseAProxyServerToAccessTheInternet.en.md): Choose TemplateBox[{RowBox[{StyleBox[[Product], MenuName, FontSize -> 14], StyleBox[ > , MenuNameDelimiter, FontSize -> 13.86], StyleBox[Preferences, MenuName, FontSize -> 14]}], RowBox[{StyleBox[Edit, MenuName, FontSize -> 14], StyleBox[ > , MenuNameDelimiter, FontSize -> 13.86], StyleBox[Preferences, MenuName, FontSize -> 14]}], RowBox[{StyleBox[Edit, MenuName, FontSize -> 14], StyleBox[ > , MenuNameDelimiter, FontSize -> 13.86], StyleBox[Preferences, ...
- [Use a Separate Kernel for Evaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseASeparateKernelForEvaluation.en.md): Evaluate notebooks or individual cells with a different kernel, either local or remote.
- [Use CUDA on an External GPU on Mac](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseCUDAOnAnExternalGPUOnMac.en.md): Configuration will depend on the type of eGPU you are using:For BizonBox 3, see https://bizon-tech.com/bizonbox3_guide.pdf.Apple Developers can take advantage of the External Graphics Development Kit, https://developer.apple.com/development-kit/external-graphics.For other eGPUs, egpu.io has extensive information and user forum support.In System Preferences, choose the NVIDIA Driver Manager and select the NVIDIA Web Driver:
- [Use Data from the Wolfram Data Repository](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseDataFromTheWolframDataRepository.en.md): From the Web..., Programmatically...
- [Use Images in API Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseImagesInAPIFunctions.en.md): Define an API function that processes images of any size. Call the API with URLRead and display the result.
- [Use Locator Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseLocatorControls.en.md): In a Manipulate..., In Graphics..., On an Arbitrary Background...
- [Use Previous Outputs in a Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UsePreviousOutputsInAComputation.en.md): Using a Menu Item or Keyboard Shortcut..., Programmatically..., Programmatically by Line Number..., Programmatically by Line Number..., Programmatically by Line Number...
- [Use Side Notes in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseSideNotesInAPresentation.en.md): Add notes and insertable code to a presenter notebook that you can refer to in an offscreen window when you give a presentation.
- [Use the Formatting Toolbar in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseTheFormattingToolbarInAPresentation.en.md): The formatting toolbar in Slideshow Working mode offers common formatting tools.
- [Use the Manipulate Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseTheManipulateInterface.en.md): Here is a simple Manipulate for exploring kaleidoscopic patterns of digits:Drag the sliders and choose from the drop-down menu to explore digit patterns:To enter an exact value for a slider, click the plus icon () to the right of the slider and type a value in the input field followed by return:Put a slider in motion by clicking the plus icon () to the right of the slider and clicking the Play button (). You can operate the other controls while the slider is moving:As you explore with a ...
- [Use the Outline Palette in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseTheOutlinePaletteInAPresentation.en.md): Navigate through the slides in a presentation using the slide thumbnails in the outline palette.
- [Use the Style Palette in a Presentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseTheStylePaletteInAPresentation.en.md): With a pop-out version of the formatting toolbar, you can make styling changes to a presentation in both working and presentation modes.
- [Use Wolfram|Alpha inside a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseWolframAlphaInsideANotebook.en.md): Access the Wolfram|Alpha engine directly in your notebook.
- [Use Wolfram Language Documentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/UseWolframLanguageDocumentation.en.md): Use the Wolfram System documentation to find information about functions, topics and more.
- [Visualize 3D Objects in AR with Mobile Devices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/Visualize3DObjectsInARWithMobileDevices.en.md): Visualize 3D geometric or graphics objects on an augmented reality (AR) device such as a mobile phone or tablet.
- [Visualize 3D Objects with Apple Vision Pro](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/Visualize3DObjectsWithAppleVisionPro.en.md): Visualize 3D geometric or graphics objects on Apple Vision Pro.
- [Vote for a Delegate in ARK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/VoteForADelegateInARK.en.md): Create and submit a transaction to vote for a delegate in ARK.
- [Work with Files and Data on the Command Line Using the Wolfram Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/WorkWithFilesAndDataOnTheCommandLineUsingTheWolframCloud.en.md): WolframScript can operate on files without a local kernel present using the Wolfram Cloud
- [Write a Function That Can Return Unevaluated](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/WriteAFunctionThatCanReturnUnevaluated.en.md): The result of evaluating a Wolfram Language function may be the same as the input if the function is called with the wrong types of arguments. You can replicate that behavior in user-defined functions.
- [Write a Function That Remembers Computed Values](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/WriteAFunctionThatRemembersComputedValues.en.md): Storing the results of a computation--'memoization'--can speed up a function that is called repeatedly with the same arguments, at a cost of greater memory usage.
- [Write Data Resource Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/WriteDataResourceExamples.en.md): When you submit a data resource to the Wolfram Data Repository, you can optionally add examples of how to use your data. Adding examples is the easiest way to make your data useful to others.
- [Write Unit Tests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/workflow/WriteUnitTests.en.md): Using a Testing Notebook..., Programmatically...

## Examples

- [3D Laplacians](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/3DLaplacians.en.md): 
- [Access to Social Media Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AccessToSocialMediaData.en.md): 
- [Accuracy of Approximation Schemes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AccuracyOfApproximationSchemes.en.md): 
- [AC-DC Full-Wave Rectifier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ACDCFullWaveRectifier.en.md): 
- [Add a Label to a Legend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AddALabelToALegend.en.md): 
- [Add Data to a Database Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AddDataToADatabaseTable.en.md): 
- [Add Lighting to Point Primitives Using Vertex Normals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AddLightingToPointPrimitivesUsingVertexNormals.en.md): 
- [Add Messages to Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AddMessagesToFunctions.en.md): 
- [Add Sound to a Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AddSoundToAVisualization.en.md): 
- [Adjust Lighting of 3D Graphics Scenes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AdjustLightingOf3DGraphicsScenes.en.md): 
- [Airplane Safety](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AirplaneSafety.en.md): 
- [A Mechanical System with Algebraic Constraints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AMechanicalSystemWithAlgebraicConstraints.en.md): 
- [Amplitude-Modulated Signal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AmplitudeModulatedSignal.en.md): 
- [Analyze a Tennis Game](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeATennisGame.en.md): 
- [Analyze Card Games with the Hypergeometric Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeCardGamesWithTheHypergeometricDistribution.en.md): 
- [Analyze Component Importance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeComponentImportance.en.md): 
- [Analyze Energy Production from a Wind Turbine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeEnergyProductionFromAWindTurbine.en.md): 
- [Analyze Intermediate Image Processing Steps in 3D Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeIntermediateImageProcessingStepsIn3DImages.en.md): 
- [Analyze Orientations in an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeOrientationsInAnImage.en.md): 
- [Analyze Random Graph Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeRandomGraphModels.en.md): 
- [Analyze Segmented Cells in an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeSegmentedCellsInAnImage.en.md): 
- [Analyze Social Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeSocialNetworks.en.md): 
- [Analyze the Performance of a Queueing Network](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeThePerformanceOfAQueueingNetwork.en.md): 
- [Analyze Time Series Model Residuals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeTimeSeriesModelResiduals.en.md): 
- [Analyze Words in a Block of Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzeWordsInABlockOfText.en.md): 
- [Analyzing Road Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnalyzingRoadNetworks.en.md): 
- [A Neutral Time-Delay System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ANeutralTimeDelaySystem.en.md): 
- [Animate the Zeta Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AnimateTheZetaFunction.en.md): 
- [Apply a Differentiator FIR Filter to Signals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyADifferentiatorFIRFilterToSignals.en.md): 
- [Apply Any Coloring Function to an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyAnyColoringFunctionToAnImage.en.md): 
- [Apply a Range of Filters to Any Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyARangeOfFiltersToAnyImage.en.md): 
- [Apply Basic Morphological Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyBasicMorphologicalOperations.en.md): 
- [Apply Censoring to a Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyCensoringToADistribution.en.md): 
- [Apply Options of One Graph to Another](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyOptionsOfOneGraphToAnother.en.md): 
- [Apply Sound to Complex Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplySoundToComplexSystems.en.md): 
- [Apply Textures to Surfaces and Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyTexturesToSurfacesAndRegions.en.md): 
- [Apply Various Built-in Color Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApplyVariousBuiltInColorFunctions.en.md): 
- [Approximate a Time-Delay Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ApproximateATimeDelayModel.en.md): 
- [Arbitrarily Nested Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ArbitrarilyNestedTables.en.md): 
- [Arbitrary Expression inside Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ArbitraryExpressionInsideGraphs.en.md): 
- [Arrange Controls Using Typesetting Constructs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ArrangeControlsUsingTypesettingConstructs.en.md): 
- [Assignment Problems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AssignmentProblems.en.md): 
- [Asymptotic Behavior of a Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AsymptoticBehaviorOfAFunction.en.md): 
- [A Transfer Function and the Impulse Response of a Butterworth Filter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ATransferFunctionAndTheImpulseResponseOfAButterworthFilter.en.md): 
- [Automated Graph Layout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomatedGraphLayout.en.md): 
- [Automatically Parallelize Computations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomaticallyParallelizeComputations.en.md): 
- [Automatically Place Streamlines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomaticallyPlaceStreamlines.en.md): 
- [Automatically Select Composite Bézier Curve Degrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomaticallySelectCompositeBezierCurveDegrees.en.md): 
- [Automatic Discontinuity Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomaticDiscontinuityHandling.en.md): 
- [Automatic Single- to Double-Precision Conversion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomaticSingleToDoublePrecisionConversion.en.md): 
- [Automatic Unit Interpretation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/AutomaticUnitInterpretation.en.md): 
- [Baboon Descent Times](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BaboonDescentTimes.en.md): 
- [Backup Power for Nuclear Power Plants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BackupPowerForNuclearPowerPlants.en.md): 
- [Bandpass Filtering of Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BandpassFilteringOfImages.en.md): 
- [Billiard Balls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BilliardBalls.en.md): 
- [Boolean Operations and Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BooleanOperationsAndGraphs.en.md): 
- [Boolean Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BooleanOperations.en.md): 
- [Boundary Value Solutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BoundaryValueSolutions.en.md): 
- [Brownian Motion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BrownianMotion.en.md): 
- [Build a Manipulate with Indexed Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuildAManipulateWithIndexedControls.en.md): 
- [Build Custom Meters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuildCustomMeters.en.md): 
- [Build Food Webs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuildFoodWebs.en.md): 
- [Build Hierarchical Reliability Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuildHierarchicalReliabilityModels.en.md): 
- [Build Regulators and Observers for Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuildRegulatorsAndObserversForSystems.en.md): 
- [Build Semantic Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuildSemanticNetworks.en.md): 
- [Built-in Library of Edge Shapes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuiltInLibraryOfEdgeShapes.en.md): 
- [Built-in Library of Vertex Shapes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BuiltInLibraryOfVertexShapes.en.md): 
- [Bullet Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/BulletGauges.en.md): 
- [Car Axis Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CarAxisModel.en.md): 
- [Prestige of Florentine Families](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CentralityAndPrestigeOfFlorentineFamilies.en.md): 
- [Centrality in Citation Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CentralityInCitationNetworks.en.md): 
- [Central Server Network](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CentralServerNetwork.en.md): 
- [Change Legend Orientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ChangeLegendOrientation.en.md): 
- [Change Lighting Orientations on Graphic Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ChangeLightingOrientationsOnGraphicObjects.en.md): 
- [Chart Trading Values and Volume of a Security](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ChartTradingValuesAndVolumeOfASecurity.en.md): 
- [Chemical Reactions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ChemicalReactions.en.md): 
- [Choose Parametric Tests or Their Nonparametric Counterparts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ChooseParametricTestsOrTheirNonparametricCounterparts.en.md): 
- [Find Cohesive Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CliquesAndCohesiveGroups.en.md): 
- [Closed-Loop Responses with a PID Controller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ClosedLoopResponsesWithAPIDController.en.md): 
- [Cluster a Bivariate Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ClusterABivariateDataSet.en.md): 
- [Clustering in Small-World Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ClusteringInSmallWorldNetworks.en.md): 
- [Cluster Similar Words](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ClusterSimilarWords.en.md): 
- [Coin Flip Sequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CoinFlipSequences.en.md): 
- [Collection of Graph Styles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CollectionOfGraphStyles.en.md): 
- [Collect the Terms of a Polynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CollectTheTermsOfAPolynomial.en.md): 
- [Color Bars](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ColorBars.en.md): 
- [Color Cycle Decompositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ColorCycleDecompositions.en.md): 
- [Colorize Connected Components in Complex Structures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ColorizeConnectedComponentsInComplexStructures.en.md): 
- [Color Transformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ColorTransformation.en.md): 
- [Combine 3D Vector Graphics and a Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/Combine3DVectorGraphicsAndAVolume.en.md): 
- [Combine a Pie Chart with Interactive Sonification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CombineAPieChartWithInteractiveSonification.en.md): 
- [Combine Charts to Create New Presentations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CombineChartsToCreateNewPresentations.en.md): 
- [Combine Integrated Data Sources for Accurate Molecular Renderings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CombineIntegratedDataSourcesForAccurateMolecularRenderings.en.md): 
- [Combine Legended and Non-legended Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CombineLegendedAndNonLegendedPlots.en.md): 
- [Combine Two Legended Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CombineTwoLegendedPlots.en.md): 
- [Compute Common Properties of Queues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CommonPropertiesOfQueues.en.md): 
- [Communities in Facebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CommunitiesInFacebookFriendNetworks.en.md): 
- [Compare Centrality in Citation Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareCentralityInCitationNetworks.en.md): 
- [Compare Different Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareDifferentUnits.en.md): 
- [Compare Maximum-Likelihood and Cramér–von Mises Estimates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareMaximumLikelihoodAndCramerVonMisesEstimates.en.md): 
- [Compare Nonparametric and Parametric Reliability Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareNonparametricAndParametricReliabilityModels.en.md): 
- [Compare Reliability of System Configurations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareReliabilityOfSystemConfigurations.en.md): 
- [Compare Stock Returns with a Paired Histogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareStockReturnsWithAPairedHistogram.en.md): 
- [Compare Survival Rates of Treatment and Control Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareSurvivalRatesOfTreatmentAndControlGroups.en.md): 
- [Compare Two Fits in an Optimization Problem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareTwoFitsInAnOptimizationProblem.en.md): 
- [Compare Two Models of Wind Speeds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompareTwoModelsOfWindSpeeds.en.md): 
- [Component Lifetime Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComponentLifetimeDistributions.en.md): 
- [Components Based on Survival Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComponentsBasedOnSurvivalAnalysis.en.md): 
- [Compress an Expression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CompressAnExpression.en.md): 
- [Compute a Complex Probability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeAComplexProbability.en.md): 
- [Compute a Two-Tailed Probability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeATwoTailedProbability.en.md): 
- [Compute Common Properties for Reliability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeCommonPropertiesForReliability.en.md): 
- [Compute Correlation and Partial Correlation Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeCorrelationAndPartialCorrelationFunctions.en.md): 
- [Compute Moments Symbolically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeMomentsSymbolically.en.md): 
- [Compute Parametric Sensitivities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeParametricSensitivities.en.md): 
- [Compute Sliding-Mode Solutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeSlidingModeSolutions.en.md): 
- [Compute Statistics from Censored and Truncated Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeStatisticsFromCensoredAndTruncatedData.en.md): 
- [Compute Strain and Stress in Spherical Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeStrainAndStressInSphericalCoordinates.en.md): 
- [Compute the Probability of Brain Neuron Connections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ComputeTheProbabilityOfBrainNeuronConnections.en.md): 
- [Connecting Time-Delay Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConnectingTimeDelaySystems.en.md): 
- [Connect Two Systems in Parallel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConnectTwoSystemsInParallel.en.md): 
- [Construct a Dynamic Calculator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructADynamicCalculator.en.md): 
- [Construct a Globe Showing All Weather Stations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructAGlobeShowingAllWeatherStations.en.md): 
- [Construct a Kalman Filter for a Stochastic System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructAKalmanFilterForAStochasticSystem.en.md): 
- [Construct a Random Walk in 2D and 3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructARandomWalkIn2DAnd3D.en.md): 
- [Construct Biochemical Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructBiochemicalNetworks.en.md): 
- [Construct Interfaces Instantly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructInterfacesInstantly.en.md): 
- [Construct the Game of Life](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConstructTheGameOfLife.en.md): 
- [Continuous-Time and Continuous-State Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ContinuousTimeAndContinuousStateProcesses.en.md): 
- [Continuous-Time and Discrete-State Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ContinuousTimeAndDiscreteStateProcesses.en.md): 
- [Continuous Wavelet Families](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ContinuousWaveletFamilies.en.md): 
- [Control an RLC Circuit Modeled as a Descriptor System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlAnRLCCircuitModeledAsADescriptorSystem.en.md): 
- [Control Dynamic Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlDynamicInterfaces.en.md): 
- [Control Gauge Frames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlGaugeFrames.en.md): 
- [Control Texture Scaling and Placement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlTextureScalingAndPlacement.en.md): 
- [Control the Face on a Gauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlTheFaceOnAGauge.en.md): 
- [Control the Location of Streamlines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlTheLocationOfStreamlines.en.md): 
- [Control the Shape of Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlTheShapeOfGauges.en.md): 
- [Control the Shapes of Line Joins and Line Caps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ControlTheShapesOfLineJoinsAndLineCaps.en.md): 
- [Convert between Formal Moments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConvertBetweenFormalMoments.en.md): 
- [Convert Parametric SDE Processes to Equivalent Ito Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConvertParametricSDEProcessesToEquivalentItoProcesses.en.md): 
- [Convert to Matrix Representations of Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConvertToMatrixRepresentationsOfGraphs.en.md): 
- [Convert Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ConvertUnits.en.md): 
- [Covariance Function for Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CovarianceFunctionForProcesses.en.md): 
- [Create a 3D Image Slicer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateA3DImageSlicer.en.md): 
- [Create a Controller for a Lathe by Approximating the Time Delays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAControllerForALatheByApproximatingTheTimeDelays.en.md): 
- [Create a Correlation Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateACorrelationTable.en.md): 
- [Create a Motion Blur Effect in an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAMotionBlurEffectInAnImage.en.md): 
- [Create a Multiband Equiripple Filter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAMultibandEquirippleFilter.en.md): 
- [Create an Analog Butterworth Filter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAnAnalogButterworthFilter.en.md): 
- [Create an Atom Symbol](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAnAtomSymbol.en.md): 
- [Create an Interactive Root Locus Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAnInteractiveRootLocusPlot.en.md): 
- [Create Artistic and Photographic Effects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateArtisticandPhotographicEffects.en.md): 
- [Create a Simple Polyhedron Property Explorer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateASimplePolyhedronPropertyExplorer.en.md): 
- [Create a Stained Glass Effect on an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAStainedGlassEffectOnAnImage.en.md): 
- [Create a Tabbed Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateATabbedInterface.en.md): 
- [Create a Table of All CUDA-Capable Devices on Your Local Machine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateATableOfAllCUDACapableDevicesOnYourLocalMachine.en.md): 
- [Create a Voronoi Diagram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAVoronoiDiagram.en.md): 
- [Create a Wavelet Matrix Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateAWaveletMatrixPlot.en.md): 
- [Create Bode Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateBodePlots.en.md): 
- [Create Chart Legends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateChartLegends.en.md): 
- [Create Confidence Envelopes about Nonparametric Density Estimates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateConfidenceEnvelopesAboutNonparametricDensityEstimates.en.md): 
- [Create Dynamic Image Processing Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateDynamicImageProcessingTools.en.md): 
- [Create Filters from a Lowpass Prototype](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateFiltersFromALowpassPrototype.en.md): 
- [Create Image Plots of Discrete Wavelet Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateImagePlotsOfDiscreteWaveletTransforms.en.md): 
- [Create Matrix Plots of Discrete Wavelet Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateMatrixPlotsOfDiscreteWaveletTransforms.en.md): 
- [Create Molecular Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateMolecularGraphs.en.md): 
- [Create Nichols Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateNicholsPlots.en.md): 
- [Create Nyquist Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateNyquistPlots.en.md): 
- [Create Paired Histograms for Comparing Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreatePairedHistogramsForComparingData.en.md): 
- [Create Pictorial Bar Charts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreatePictorialBarCharts.en.md): 
- [Create Pseudo Coloring in an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreatePseudoColoringInAnImage.en.md): 
- [Create Root Locus Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateRootLocusPlots.en.md): 
- [Create Scaled Histograms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateScaledHistograms.en.md): 
- [Create Tables of Results in Parallel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateTablesOfResultsInParallel.en.md): 
- [Create Truth Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CreateTruthTables.en.md): 
- [Curated Collections of Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CuratedCollectionsOfGraphs.en.md): 
- [Curve in Spherical Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CurveInSphericalCoordinates.en.md): 
- [Curve Legends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CurveLegends.en.md): 
- [Customized Financial Data Visualizations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CustomizedFinancialDataVisualizations.en.md): 
- [Customize the Appearance of Chart Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CustomizeTheAppearanceofChartElements.en.md): 
- [Custom Vertex and Edge Labeling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CustomVertexAndEdgeLabeling.en.md): 
- [Cylinder Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/CylinderGauges.en.md): 
- [Data Center Reliability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DataCenterReliability.en.md): 
- [Date and Time Labels in Clocks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DateAndTimeLabelsInClocks.en.md): 
- [DC-DC Buck Converter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DCDCBuckConverter.en.md): 
- [Decompose Mixture Models of Earthquake Magnitudes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DecomposeMixtureModelsOfEarthquakeMagnitudes.en.md): 
- [Deconvolve a Blurred Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DeconvolveABlurredImage.en.md): 
- [Define a Distribution Given Its Hazard Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DefineADistributionGivenItsHazardFunction.en.md): 
- [Define a Function for Repeated Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DefineAFunctionForRepeatedExpressions.en.md): 
- [Degree Centrality in Social Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DegreeCentralityInSocialNetworks.en.md): 
- [Derive and Verify Vector Identities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DeriveAndVerifyVectorIdentities.en.md): 
- [Descriptor Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DescriptorSystems.en.md): 
- [Design a Feedback Controller for a Mixing Tank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DesignAFeedbackControllerForAMixingTank.en.md): 
- [Design a PID Liquid Level Controller for a Boiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DesignAPIDLiquidLevelControllerForABoiler.en.md): 
- [Design a PID Room Temperature Controller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DesignAPIDRoomTemperatureController.en.md): 
- [Design a Smith Predictor for a Tank Reactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DesignASmithPredictorForATankReactor.en.md): 
- [Design a Vehicle Crash Controller for an Automated Highway System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DesignAVehicleCrashControllerForAnAutomatedHighwaySystem.en.md): 
- [Detect Edges in Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DetectEdgesInImages.en.md): 
- [Determine System Stability Using Built-in Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DetermineSystemStabilityUsingBuiltInFunctions.en.md): 
- [Differences between Prime Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DifferencesBetweenPrimeNumbers.en.md): 
- [Directly Transform Multidimensional Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DirectlyTransformMultidimensionalArrays.en.md): 
- [Directly Transform Sound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DirectlyTransformSound.en.md): 
- [Discrete-Time and Continuous-State Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DiscreteTimeAndContinuousStateProcesses.en.md): 
- [Discrete-Time and Discrete-State Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DiscreteTimeAndDiscreteStateProcesses.en.md): 
- [Discrete-Time Fourier Transform of a Moving-Average Filter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DiscreteTimeFourierTransformOfAMovingAverageFilter.en.md): 
- [Display Numeric Approximations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DisplayNumericApproximations.en.md): 
- [Display Planar Embeddings of Built-in Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DisplayPlanarEmbeddingsOfBuiltInGraphs.en.md): 
- [Display Select Information from Wolfram|Alpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DisplaySelectInformationDynamicallyFromWolframAlpha.en.md): 
- [Display the Multiplication Table for a Finite Group](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DisplayTheMultiplicationTableForAFiniteGroup.en.md): 
- [Display Units as a Legend Label](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DisplayUnitsAsALegendLabel.en.md): 
- [Display Weather Information Dynamically from Wolfram|Alpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DisplayWeatherInformationFromWolframAlpha.en.md): 
- [Distribution of Times to Reach a Target State](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DistributionOfTimesToReachATargetState.en.md): 
- [Divide a Square into Segments by Clustering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DivideASquareIntoSegmentsByClustering.en.md): 
- [Divide Images around Features](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DivideImagesAroundFeatures.en.md): 
- [Do Calculations with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DoCalculationsWithUnits.en.md): 
- [Do High-Resolution Vector Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DoHighResolutionVectorVisualization.en.md): 
- [Do Morphological Image Processing on Color Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DoMorphologicalImageProcessingOnColorImages.en.md): 
- [Do Neighborhood Processing on Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DoNeighborhoodProcessingOnImages.en.md): 
- [Double Pendulum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DoublePendulum.en.md): 
- [Dynamically Adjust the Parameters of a Differential Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DynamicallyAdjustTheParametersOfADifferentialEquation.en.md): 
- [Dynamically Change the Color of a Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DynamicallyChangeTheColorOfAPlot.en.md): 
- [Dynamically Hide and Show Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DynamicallyHideAndShowPlots.en.md): 
- [Dynamically Transform 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DynamicallyTransform3DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Dynamic Interactivity with Advanced 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DynamicInteractivityWithAdvanced3DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Dynamic Textures on Graphics Primitives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/DynamicTexturesOnGraphicsPrimitives.en.md): 
- [Easily Create Arbitrary Reports](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EasilyCreateArbitraryReports.en.md): 
- [Easily Distribute Function Definitions in Parallel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EasilyDistributeFunctionDefinitionsInParallel.en.md): 
- [Edge Covers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EdgeCovers.en.md): 
- [Efficiently Specify Large Numbers of Spheres](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EfficientlySpecifyLargeNumbersOfSpheres.en.md): 
- [Eigenproblems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/Eigenproblems.en.md): 
- [Elastic Media in Spherical Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ElasticMediaInSphericalCoordinates.en.md): 
- [Electric Potential and Field of a Dipole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ElectricPotentialAndFieldOfADipole.en.md): 
- [Email Arrivals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EmailArrivals.en.md): 
- [Emulate a Touch-Tone Dialer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EmulateATouchToneDialer.en.md): 
- [Encode Structures into Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EncodeStructuresIntoGraphs.en.md): 
- [Chinese Postman Tours](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EnhancedCycleAndTourFunctionality.en.md): 
- [Enumerate Possible Image Filters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EnumeratePossibleImageFilters.en.md): 
- [Erode a 3D Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ErodeA3DVolume.en.md): 
- [Estimate Confidence Limits and Bands](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateConfidenceLimitsAndBands.en.md): 
- [Estimate Distribution Parameters from Survival Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateDistributionParametersFromSurvivalData.en.md): 
- [Estimate Expected Survival with Incomplete Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateExpectedSurvivalWithIncompleteData.en.md): 
- [Estimate Multivariate Nonparametric Probabilities and Expectations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateMultivariateNonparametricProbabilitiesAndExpectations.en.md): 
- [Estimate Parameters and Test Goodness of Fit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateParametersAndTestGoodnessOfFit.en.md): 
- [Estimate Process Parameters from Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateProcessParametersFromData.en.md): 
- [Estimate the Induction Time Distribution for a Disease](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EstimateTheInductionTimeDistributionForADisease.en.md): 
- [Evolution of a 3D Cellular Automaton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EvolutionOfA3DCellularAutomaton.en.md): 
- [Expected Length of a Human Chromosome](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExpectedLengthOfAHumanChromosome.en.md): 
- [Expected Profit from an Option](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExpectedProfitFromAnOption.en.md): 
- [Experimental Drug Efficacy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExperimentalDrugEfficacy.en.md): 
- [Explore Classes of Sums](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExploreClassesOfSums.en.md): 
- [Export Animations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExportAnimations.en.md): 
- [Export a Spreadsheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExportASpreadsheet.en.md): 
- [Export Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExportGraphics.en.md): 
- [Expression Trees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExpressionTrees.en.md): 
- [Extracting the In-Focus Portion of an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExtractingTheInFocusPortionOfAnImage.en.md): 
- [Extract Larger Objects from an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExtractLargerObjectsFromAnImage.en.md): 
- [Extract Outline Curves from a Glyph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ExtractOutlineCurvesFromAGlyph.en.md): 
- [Eye Clinic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/EyeClinic.en.md): 
- [Face Detection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FaceDetection.en.md): 
- [Factor a Polynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FactorAPolynomial.en.md): 
- [Filter an Image Using Butterworth Filters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FilterAnImageUsingButterworthFilters.en.md): 
- [Filter a Noisy Signal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FilterANoisySignal.en.md): 
- [Find a Local Minimum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindALocalMinimum.en.md): 
- [Find a Meeting Probability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAMeetingProbability.en.md): 
- [Find and Visualize a Linear Regression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAndVisualizeALinearRegression.en.md): 
- [Find and Visualize Clusters in Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAndVisualizeClustersInData.en.md): 
- [Find and Visualize Matching Points in Two Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAndVisualizeMatchingPointsInTwoImages.en.md): 
- [Find and Visualize Residuals for Fitted Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAndVisualizeResidualsForFittedModels.en.md): 
- [Find and Visualize the Solution to a Diophantine Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAndVisualizeTheSolutionToADiophantineEquation.en.md): 
- [Find an Isomorphism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAnIsomorphismThatMapsTwoGraphs.en.md): 
- [Find a Point in the Intersection of Two Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindAPointInTheIntersectionOfTwoRegions.en.md): 
- [Topological Ordering of Connected Components](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindATopologicalOrderingOfConnectedGraphComponents.en.md): 
- [Find Conditions for Stationarity and Invertibility of Time Series Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindConditionsForStationarityAndInvertibilityOfTimeSeriesProcesses.en.md): 
- [Find Formulas for Complex Sequences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindFormulasForComplexSequences.en.md): 
- [Find In-and-Out Components of Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindInAndOutComponentsOfGraphs.en.md): 
- [Find Intersection Points of a Circle and Parabola](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindIntersectionPointsOfACircleAndParabola.en.md): 
- [Find K-Core Components](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindKCoreComponents.en.md): 
- [Find Leap Years](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindLeapYears.en.md): 
- [Find Objects of a Specific Color](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindObjectsOfASpecificColor.en.md): 
- [Find Operational Rules for a Data Center](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindOperationalRulesForADataCenter.en.md): 
- [Find Successive Nearest Words in Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindSuccessiveNearestWordsInText.en.md): 
- [Find Symbols That Match a Pattern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindSymbolsThatMatchAPattern.en.md): 
- [Find the k-Core Components of a Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindTheKCoreComponentsOfAGraph.en.md): 
- [Find the Maximum of Planck's Radiation Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindTheMaximumOfPlancksRadiationFunction.en.md): 
- [Find the Shortest Tour around the World](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FindTheShortestTourAroundTheWorld.en.md): 
- [Fit Nonparametric and Parametric Distributions to Weighted Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FitNonparametricAndParametricDistributionsToWeightedData.en.md): 
- [Fit Nonparametric Distributions to Survival Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FitNonparametricDistributionsToSurvivalData.en.md): 
- [Fit Time Series Processes to Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FitTimeSeriesProcessesToData.en.md): 
- [Fit Word Length Data to Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FitWordLengthDataToDistributions.en.md): 
- [Flatten Nested Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FlattenNestedArrays.en.md): 
- [Foreground Separation and Removal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ForegroundSeparationAndRemoval.en.md): 
- [Fractal Explorations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FractalExplorations.en.md): 
- [Frame Prime Integers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FramePrimeIntegers.en.md): 
- [Friction Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FrictionModels.en.md): 
- [From Images to Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FromImagesToGraphs.en.md): 
- [Fundamentals of Queueing Theory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/FundamentalsOfQueueingTheory.en.md): 
- [Gauge Needles and Other Markers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GaugeNeedlesAndOtherMarkers.en.md): 
- [Gauges with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GaugesWithUnits.en.md): 
- [Gender Classification](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GenderClassification.en.md): 
- [Generate a Mandelbulb Set with CUDA Functionality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GenerateAMandelbulbSetWithCUDAFunctionality.en.md): 
- [Generate an Array from a Function on Indices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GenerateAnArrayFromAFunctionOnIndices.en.md): 
- [Generate and Display Elements in a Lattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GenerateAndDisplayElementsInALattice.en.md): 
- [Generate an Ensemble of Paths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GenerateAnEnsembleOfPaths.en.md): 
- [Generate Bézier Curves of Any Degree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GenerateBezierCurvesOfAnyDegree.en.md): 
- [Generate Periodic B-Spline Curves](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GeneratePeriodicBSplineCurves.en.md): 
- [Get and Plot Data from a Database](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GetAndPlotDataFromADatabase.en.md): 
- [Get Full Wolfram|Alpha Results](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GetFullWolframAlphaResults.en.md): 
- [Get Information about Database Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GetInformationAboutDatabaseTables.en.md): 
- [Get Information on Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GetInformationOnGraphs.en.md): 
- [Get Properties for Wavelet Families](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GetPropertiesForWaveletFamilies.en.md): 
- [Get the Number of Points Used to Plot a Curve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GetTheNumberOfPointsUsedToPlotACurve.en.md): 
- [Global Warming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GlobalWarming.en.md): 
- [GPU Enhanced Fast Fourier Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GPUEnhancedFastFourierTransforms.en.md): 
- [Gradient Filtering of a 3D Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GradientFilteringOfA3DImage.en.md): 
- [Graph Layouts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GraphLayouts.en.md): 
- [Graph Partitioning and Cuts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/GraphPartitioningAndCuts.en.md): 
- [Heston Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HestonModel.en.md): 
- [Highlight Connected Components in a Directed Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HighlightConnectedComponentsInADirectedGraph.en.md): 
- [Highlight Graph Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HighlightGraphElements.en.md): 
- [Highlight Graph Elements on BFS and DFS Trees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HighlightGraphElementsOnBFSAndDFSTrees.en.md): 
- [Highlight Scale Regions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HighlightScaleRegions.en.md): 
- [Highlight the Intersection of Two Surfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HighlightTheIntersectionOfTwoSurfaces.en.md): 
- [Highlight Words of a Given Length](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HighlightWordsOfAGivenLength.en.md): 
- [Homophily and Assortativity Mixing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HomophilyAndAssortativityMixing.en.md): 
- [Hubble Gyroscope Maintenance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HubbleGyroscopeMaintenance.en.md): 
- [Hybrid Dynamical Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HybridDynamicalSystems.en.md): 
- [Hydraulic Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/HydraulicSystems.en.md): 
- [Identify People in a Photo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/IdentifyPeopleInAPhoto.en.md): 
- [Illustrate Transformations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/IllustrateTransformations.en.md): 
- [Image Denoising](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImageDenoising.en.md): 
- [Implement the Bubble Sort Algorithm with Patterns and Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImplementTheBubbleSortAlgorithmWithPatternsAndRules.en.md): 
- [Implement the Heap Sort Algorithm with Patterns and Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImplementTheHeapSortAlgorithmWithPatternsAndRules.en.md): 
- [Import 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/Import3DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Import and Analyze Time Series Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImportAndAnalyzeTimeSeriesData.en.md): 
- [Import and Visualize Volume Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImportAndVisualizeVolumeData.en.md): 
- [Import Animations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImportAnimations.en.md): 
- [Import a Spreadsheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImportASpreadsheet.en.md): 
- [Import File Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImportFileElements.en.md): 
- [Import XML as Symbolic Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImportXMLAsSymbolicExpressions.en.md): 
- [Improve the Manufacturing of LCD Displays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImproveTheManufacturingOfLCDDisplays.en.md): 
- [Impulse Elimination](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ImpulseElimination.en.md): 
- [Include Delay Differential Equations Directly in Dynamic Simulations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/IncludeDelayDifferentialEquationsDirectlyInDynamicSimulations.en.md): 
- [Independent Edge Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/IndependentEdgeSets.en.md): 
- [Input Images Directly in a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/InputImagesDirectlyInANotebook.en.md): 
- [Insert Data into Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/InsertDataIntoExpressions.en.md): 
- [Instantly Create Notebooks from RSS Feeds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/InstantlyCreateNotebooksFromRSSFeeds.en.md): 
- [Insurance Call Center](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/InsuranceCallCenter.en.md): 
- [Integrate a Highly Oscillating Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/IntegrateAHighlyOscillatingFunction.en.md): 
- [Integrate with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/IntegrateWithUnits.en.md): 
- [Ito and Stratonovich Solutions of the Linear Growth Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ItoAndStratonovichSolutionsOfTheLinearGrowthModel.en.md): 
- [Kaiser Window with Different Shape Parameter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/KaiserWindowWithDifferentShapeParameter.en.md): 
- [Kronecker Decomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/KroneckerDecomposition.en.md): 
- [Label Chart Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LabelChartElements.en.md): 
- [Labeling Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LabelingGauges.en.md): 
- [Large Image Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LargeImageAnalysis.en.md): 
- [Legend Curves with Their Associated Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LegendCurvesWithTheirAssociatedExpressions.en.md): 
- [Legend Elements in a Molecule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LegendElementsInAMolecule.en.md): 
- [Legend Items in a Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LegendItemsInATable.en.md): 
- [Legend Point Markers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LegendPointMarkers.en.md): 
- [Legend-Specific Curves](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LegendSpecificCurves.en.md): 
- [Legend-Specific Values](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LegendSpecificValues.en.md): 
- [Lexical Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LexicalAnalysis.en.md): 
- [Lifetime and Warranty of Solar Panels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LifetimeAndWarrantyOfSolarPanels.en.md): 
- [List Current Temperatures in World Cities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ListCurrentTemperaturesInWorldCities.en.md): 
- [Localize Interface Constructs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LocalizeInterfaceConstructs.en.md): 
- [Localize Variables with Block](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LocalizeVariablesWithBlock.en.md): 
- [London Underground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/LondonUnderground.en.md): 
- [Machine Repair Problem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MachineRepairProblem.en.md): 
- [Magnitude Response of Selected Windows](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MagnitudeResponseOfSelectedWindows.en.md): 
- [Maintain Consistent Orderings for Arbitrary Powers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MaintainConsistentOrderingsForArbitraryPowers.en.md): 
- [Make a Compiled Random Number Generator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeACompiledRandomNumberGenerator.en.md): 
- [Make a Histogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeAHistogram.en.md): 
- [Make a Histogram of Stock Returns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeAHistogramOfStockReturns.en.md): 
- [Make an Interactive Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeAnInteractivePlot.en.md): 
- [Make a Thermometer Gauge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeAThermometerGauge.en.md): 
- [Make a Unit Conversion Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeAUnitConversionTable.en.md): 
- [Make Basic Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeBasicGauges.en.md): 
- [Make Gaussian Matrix Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeGaussianMatrixKernels.en.md): 
- [Make Horizontal Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeHorizontalGauges.en.md): 
- [Make Slides of Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MakeSlidesOfGraphics.en.md): 
- [Manipulate Color Channels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ManipulateColorChannels.en.md): 
- [Match Bar Appearances](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MatchBarAppearances.en.md): 
- [Match Curve Styles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MatchCurveStyles.en.md): 
- [Match Image Histograms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MatchImageHistograms.en.md): 
- [Maximum Flows on the Railway Network](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MaximumFlowsAndMinimumCostFlows.en.md): 
- [Mean, Median, and Variance Functions from Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MeanMedianAndVarianceFunctionsFromData.en.md): 
- [Minimal Arc Length Solution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MinimalArcLengthSolution.en.md): 
- [Mix Programmatic and Free-Form Presentation Preparation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MixProgrammaticAndFreeFormPresentationPreparation.en.md): 
- [Model Aggregated Claims Value with Compound Poisson Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelAggregatedClaimsValueWithCompoundPoissonDistribution.en.md): 
- [Model and Analyze Wireless Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelAndAnalyzeWirelessAdHocNetworks.en.md): 
- [Model Claim Payments for Insurance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelClaimPaymentsForInsurance.en.md): 
- [Model Constrained Systems as DAEs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelConstrainedSystemsAsDAEs.en.md): 
- [Model Differences in Log Returns of Stock Prices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelDifferencesInLogReturnsOfStockPrices.en.md): 
- [Model Seasonal Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelSeasonalData.en.md): 
- [Model Standby Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelStandbySystems.en.md): 
- [Model the Relative Motion between Satellites in Orbit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelTheRelativeMotionBetweenSatellitesInOrbit.en.md): 
- [Model with Reliability Block Diagrams](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelWithReliabilityBlockDiagrams.en.md): 
- [Model Word Lengths by Binomial Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModelWordLengthsByBinomialDistributions.en.md): 
- [Modify Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ModifyGraphs.en.md): 
- [Monitor Evaluation Progress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MonitorEvaluationProgress.en.md): 
- [Monitor the Efficiency of a Parallel Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MonitorTheEfficiencyOfAParallelComputation.en.md): 
- [Monte Carlo Method for Probabilities and Expectations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MonteCarloMethodForProbabilitiesAndExpectations.en.md): 
- [Multivalue Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/MultivalueGauges.en.md): 
- [Collection of Graph Layouts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/NewAndEnhancedGraphLayouts.en.md): 
- [Newton's Law of Cooling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/NewtonsLawOfCooling.en.md): 
- [Normals to Contours](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/NormalsToContours.en.md): 
- [Obtain the Responses of Subsystems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ObtainTheResponsesOfSubsystems.en.md): 
- [Oil Change Center Queue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/OilChangeCenterQueue.en.md): 
- [Order Statistics Distribution for General Multivariate Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/OrderStatisticsDistributionForGeneralMultivariateDistribution.en.md): 
- [Out-of-Core Analysis of 3D Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/OutOfCoreAnalysisOf3DImages.en.md): 
- [Out-of-Core Image Histogram Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/OutOfCoreImageHistogramComputation.en.md): 
- [Overshoot Reduction with PID Feedforward Filtering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/OvershootReductionWithPIDFeedforwardFiltering.en.md): 
- [Pack Disconnected Components](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PackDisconnectedComponents.en.md): 
- [Packet Transmission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PacketTransmission.en.md): 
- [Parameter Fitting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ParameterFitting.en.md): 
- [Parameterize Anywhere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ParameterizeAnywhere.en.md): 
- [Parameter Sweeps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ParameterSweeps.en.md): 
- [Parametric Dependence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ParametricDependence.en.md): 
- [Parametric Sensitivity of the Wave Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ParametricSensitivityOfTheWaveEquation.en.md): 
- [Particle Moving between Two Barriers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ParticleMovingBetweenTwoBarriers.en.md): 
- [Perform a Breadth-First Scan of a Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformABreadthFirstScanOfAGraph.en.md): 
- [Perform a Depth-First Scan of a Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformADepthFirstScanOfAGraph.en.md): 
- [Perform Affine Transformations on a Normal Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformAffineTransformationsOnANormalDistribution.en.md): 
- [Perform an Edgeworth Expansion to Approximate a Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformAnEdgeworthExpansionToApproximateADistribution.en.md): 
- [Perform Autoregressive Filtering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformAutoregressiveFiltering.en.md): 
- [Perform Continuous Wavelet Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformContinuousWaveletTransforms.en.md): 
- [Perform Dimensional Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformDimensionalAnalysis.en.md): 
- [Perform Spectral Analysis of a Time Series](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformSpectralAnalysisOfATimeSeries.en.md): 
- [Perform Statistical Semantic Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformStatisticalSemanticAnalysis.en.md): 
- [Perform Tests of Independence and Correlation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformTestsOfIndependenceAndCorrelation.en.md): 
- [Perform Tests of Location and Scale Simultaneously on Multiple Datasets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PerformTestsOfLocationAndScaleSimultaneouslyOnMultipleDatasets.en.md): 
- [Periodogram of Gabor Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PeriodogramOfGaborMatrices.en.md): 
- [Pick out Structure with Distance Transforms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PickOutStructureWithDistanceTransforms.en.md): 
- [PID Controller Architectures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PIDControllerArchitectures.en.md): 
- [PID Tuning Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PIDTuningRules.en.md): 
- [Place Legends inside a Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlaceLegendsInsideAPlot.en.md): 
- [Place Multiple Legends Differently](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlaceMultipleLegendsDifferently.en.md): 
- [Plot Complex Roots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotComplexRoots.en.md): 
- [Plot Field Vectors at Random Positions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotFieldVectorsAtRandomPositions.en.md): 
- [Plot Field Vectors in 3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotFieldVectorsIn3D.en.md): 
- [Plot Field Vectors in a Spherical Shell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotFieldVectorsInASphericalShell.en.md): 
- [Plot Field Vectors on a Regular Grid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotFieldVectorsOnARegularGrid.en.md): 
- [Plot Streamlines on Any Region](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotStreamlinesOnAnyRegion.en.md): 
- [Plot Streamlines with a Density Background](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotStreamlinesWithADensityBackground.en.md): 
- [Plot the Density and Mesh and Overlay Streamlines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PlotTheDensityAndMeshAndOverlayStreamlines.en.md): 
- [Poincaré Sections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PoincareSections.en.md): 
- [Point Legends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PointLegends.en.md): 
- [Poles of a Butterworth Filter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PolesOfAButterworthFilter.en.md): 
- [Powers of a Primitive Root](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PowersOfAPrimitiveRoot.en.md): 
- [Power Spectrum of a Dual-Tone Multi-frequency Signal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PowerSpectrumOfADualToneMultifrequencySignal.en.md): 
- [Power Spectrum of a Series of Signals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/PowerSpectrumOfASeriesOfSignals.en.md): 
- [Programmatically Request Specific Results](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ProgrammaticallyRequestSpecificResults.en.md): 
- [Programming with Wolfram|Alpha Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ProgrammingWithWolframAlphaData.en.md): 
- [Proportional-Derivative Controller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ProportionalDerivativeController.en.md): 
- [Quantify Relative Risk Using a Cox-Proportional Hazards Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/QuantifyRelativeRiskUsingACoxProportionalHazardsModel.en.md): 
- [Radioactive Emission](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RadioactiveEmission.en.md): 
- [Random Walk on a Lattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RandomWalkOnALattice.en.md): 
- [Rapidly Search the Human Genome](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RapidlySearchTheHumanGenome.en.md): 
- [Read and Write Binary Files](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ReadAndWriteBinaryFiles.en.md): 
- [Regulate an Inverted Pendulum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RegulateAnInvertedPendulum.en.md): 
- [Reliability of a Car](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ReliabilityOfACar.en.md): 
- [Reliability of a Space Launch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ReliabilityOfASpaceLaunch.en.md): 
- [Remotely Control a Cooling Fan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RemotelyControlACoolingFan.en.md): 
- [Remove Background Features from an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RemoveBackgroundFeaturesFromAnImage.en.md): 
- [Remove Noise from an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RemoveNoiseFromAnImage.en.md): 
- [Remove Tags from Imported HTML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RemoveTagsFromImportedHTML.en.md): 
- [River Flow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RiverFlow.en.md): 
- [RLC Circuit Driven by Periodic Signal and White Noise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/RLCCircuitDrivenByPeriodicSignalAndWhiteNoise.en.md): 
- [Rotate 2D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/Rotate2DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Sampling Events](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SamplingEvents.en.md): 
- [Satellite Power Subsystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SatellitePowerSubsystem.en.md): 
- [Search Files for Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SearchFilesForText.en.md): 
- [Second-Order System Step Response](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SecondOrderSystemStepResponse.en.md): 
- [Seed Streamlines on a Regular Grid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SeedStreamlinesOnARegularGrid.en.md): 
- [See inside a Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SeeInsideOfAVolume.en.md): 
- [Segment an Aerial Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SegmentAnAerialImage.en.md): 
- [Segmentation of a 3D Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SegmentationOfA3DVolume.en.md): 
- [Selection Sort Algorithm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SelectionSortAlgorithm.en.md): 
- [Select Which Component in a System to Improve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SelectWhichComponentInASystemToImprove.en.md): 
- [Sensitivity of the Duffing Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SensitivityOfTheDuffingEquation.en.md): 
- [Sensitivity of the Lorenz Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SensitivityOfTheLorenzEquations.en.md): 
- [Set the Precision of a Result](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SetThePrecisionOfAResult.en.md): 
- [Shape of Various Built-in Window Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShapeOfVariousBuiltinWindowFunctions.en.md): 
- [Shortest Paths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShortestPaths.en.md): 
- [Show Gradient for a Density](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShowGradientForADensity.en.md): 
- [Show Gray Codes of a Given Length](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShowGrayCodesOfAGivenLength.en.md): 
- [Show Numbers in Successive Bases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShowNumbersInSuccessiveBases.en.md): 
- [Show Path with Arrows in a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShowPathWithArrowsInAMatrix.en.md): 
- [Show the Divergence as a Background Density](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShowTheDivergenceAsABackgroundDensity.en.md): 
- [Show the Gradient Field on a Surface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ShowTheGradientFieldOnASurface.en.md): 
- [Similarity Graph of Images Using Earth Mover Distance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimilarityGraphOfImagesUsingEarthMoverDistance.en.md): 
- [Simplify an Image Mask](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimplifyAnImageMask.en.md): 
- [Simulate a Bouncing Ball](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateABouncingBall.en.md): 
- [Simulate a Derived Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateADerivedDistribution.en.md): 
- [Simulate Any Random Process](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateAnyRandomProcess.en.md): 
- [Simulate Different Types of Queues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateDifferentTypesOfQueues.en.md): 
- [Simulate Incomes with Dagum Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateIncomesWithDagumDistribution.en.md): 
- [Simulate Lighting in 2D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateLightingIn2DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Simulate Message Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateMessageCommunication.en.md): 
- [Simulate Time Series Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateTimeSeriesData.en.md): 
- [Simulate Zero Coupon Bond Using Chen's Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulateZeroCouponBondUsingChensModel.en.md): 
- [Simulation of Processes Driven by Vector Noise Process](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SimulationOfProcessesDrivenByVectorNoiseProcess.en.md): 
- [Slice Distribution for Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SliceDistributionForProcesses.en.md): 
- [Slice Distributions from Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SliceDistributionsFromData.en.md): 
- [Slice through a Volume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SliceThroughAVolume.en.md): 
- [Slider-Crank Mechanism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SliderCrankMechanism.en.md): 
- [Solve Equations with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SolveEquationsWithUnits.en.md): 
- [Solve Mazes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SolveMazes.en.md): 
- [Solve Optimization Problems in Density Estimation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SolveOptimizationProblemsInDensityEstimation.en.md): 
- [Solve the Dead Beat Control Problem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SolveTheDeadBeatControlProblem.en.md): 
- [Solve the Icosian Game](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SolveTheIcosianGame.en.md): 
- [Speak a Mathematical Formula](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SpeakAMathematicalFormula.en.md): 
- [Specify Location and Length of Streamlines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SpecifyLocationAndLengthOfStreamlines.en.md): 
- [Specify Models of Linear, Time-Invariant Systems in Natural Form](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SpecifyModelsOfLinearTimeInvariantSystemsInNaturalForm.en.md): 
- [Spectrogram of an Audio Signal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SpectrogramOfAnAudioSignal.en.md): 
- [Speed Up Computations with Parallel GPU Computing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SpeedUpComputationsWithParallelGPUComputing.en.md): 
- [Splice the Body of a Distribution with New Tails](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SpliceTheBodyOfADistributionWithNewTails.en.md): 
- [Stack of Periodograms of a Modulated Pulse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StackOfPeriodogramsOfAModulatedPulse.en.md): 
- [Standard Deviation Function for Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StandardDeviationFunctionForProcesses.en.md): 
- [Stationary Distribution for Finite Markov Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StationaryDistributionForFiniteMarkovProcesses.en.md): 
- [Statistical Analysis of the Slashdot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StatisticalAnalysisOfTheSlashdotSocialNetwork.en.md): 
- [Statistics with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StatisticsWithUnits.en.md): 
- [Stochastic Differential Equation for Exponential Decay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StochasticDifferentialEquationForExponentialDecay.en.md): 
- [Stochastic Logistic Growth Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StochasticLogisticGrowthModel.en.md): 
- [Strong Convergence of Euler–Maruyama Approximation Scheme](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StrongConvergenceOfEulerMaruyamaApproximationScheme.en.md): 
- [Structural Properties of Finite Markov Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StructuralPropertiesOfFiniteMarkovProcesses.en.md): 
- [Structure of the Web](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StructureOfTheWeb.en.md): 
- [Study the Frequency Response of Multivariable Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StudyTheFrequencyResponseOfMultivariableSystems.en.md): 
- [Study Urban Road Networks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StudyUrbanRoadNetworks.en.md): 
- [Style Text Programmatically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StyleTextProgrammatically.en.md): 
- [Style Text Using Filled Curves](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/StyleTextUsingFilledCurves.en.md): 
- [Subtract Random Neighborhoods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SubtractRandomNeighborhoods.en.md): 
- [Successively Replace Entries in an Array](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SuccessivelyReplaceEntriesInAnArray.en.md): 
- [Surveillance Camera Reliability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SurveillanceCameraReliability.en.md): 
- [Swatch Legends](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SwatchLegends.en.md): 
- [Switch between Images in a Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SwitchBetweenImagesInAMenu.en.md): 
- [Symbolically Generate CUDA Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SymbolicallyGenerateCUDAPrograms.en.md): 
- [Symbolically Optimize C Code](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SymbolicallyOptimizeCCode.en.md): 
- [Symbolic Geometric Transformations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/SymbolicGeometricTransformations.en.md): 
- [Tensor Canonicalization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TensorCanonicalization.en.md): 
- [Test for Goodness of Fit to Any Distribution or Dataset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TestForGoodnessOfFitToAnyDistributionOrDataset.en.md): 
- [Test for Integrated Time Series](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TestForIntegratedTimeSeries.en.md): 
- [Texture-Based Segmentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TextureBasedSegmentation.en.md): 
- [The Frequency Response of a Time-Delay System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TheFrequencyResponseOfATimeDelaySystem.en.md): 
- [Time-Delay Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TimeDelaySystems.en.md): 
- [Time to Retraction for Breast Cancer Patients](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TimeToRetractionForBreastCancerPatients.en.md): 
- [Tracking Objects in an Image Sequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TrackingObjectsInAnImageSequence.en.md): 
- [Transfer Function of Analog Filters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TransferFunctionOfAnalogFilters.en.md): 
- [Transform Images Using B-Spline Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TransformImagesUsingBSplineFunctions.en.md): 
- [Transistor Amplifier Circuit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TransistorAmplifierCircuit.en.md): 
- [Transportation Problems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TransportationProblems.en.md): 
- [Trip Planning](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TripPlanning.en.md): 
- [Truncate a Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/TruncateADistribution.en.md): 
- [Use a Custom Color Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseACustomColorFunction.en.md): 
- [Use a Gompertz Distribution as a Lifetime Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseAGompertzDistributionAsALifetimeModel.en.md): 
- [Use a Logistic Distribution to Simulate Fractional Change](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseALogisticDistributionToSimulateFractionalChange.en.md): 
- [Use Antialiasing in 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseAntialiasingIn3DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Use Any Expression with a Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseAnyExpressionWithAFunction.en.md): 
- [Use Any Graphic for Line Integral Convolutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseAnyGraphicForLineIntegralConvolutions.en.md): 
- [Use Anything as a Legend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseAnythingAsALegend.en.md): 
- [Use Candlestick Charts to View Stock Prices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseCandlestickChartsToViewStockPrices.en.md): 
- [Use C Code to Solve a Differential Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseCCodeToSolveADifferentialEquation.en.md): 
- [Use Character Codes to Extract Special Characters from Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseCharacterCodesToExtractSpecialCharactersFromText.en.md): 
- [Use Chart Elements and Color Schemes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseChartElementsAndColorSchemes.en.md): 
- [Use Component Mixtures to Model Multimodal Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseComponentMixturesToModelMultimodalData.en.md): 
- [Use Cones in 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseConesIn3DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Use Delayed Feedback to Reduce Oscillations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseDelayedFeedbackToReduceOscillations.en.md): 
- [Use Different Copula Kernels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseDifferentCopulaKernels.en.md): 
- [Use Dynamic Objects as Input](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseDynamicObjectsAsInput.en.md): 
- [Use Free-Form Linguistic Input to Create and Interact with Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseFreeFormLinguisticInputToCreateAndInteractWithPlots.en.md): 
- [Use Gauges to Construct a Clock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseGaugesToConstructAClock.en.md): 
- [Use Geometric Transformations to Create a Kaleidoscope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseGeometricTransformationsToCreateAKaleidoscope.en.md): 
- [Use Hoeffding's D to Quantify and Test Non-monotonic Dependence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseHoeffdingsDToQuantifyAndTestNonMonotonicDependence.en.md): 
- [Use Images as Textures on Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseImagesAsTexturesOnGraphics.en.md): 
- [Use Interpolation over the Voronoi Region](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseInterpolationOverTheVoronoiRegion.en.md): 
- [Use Iterative Nonlinear Filtering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseIterativeNonlinearFiltering.en.md): 
- [Use Rules Iteratively](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseRulesIteratively.en.md): 
- [Use Simulated Lighting for the Background Density](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseSimulatedLightingForTheBackgroundDensity.en.md): 
- [Use Sophisticated Knot Control in B-Spline Curves](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseSophisticatedKnotControlInBSplineCurves.en.md): 
- [Use Splines for Interpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseSplinesForInterpolation.en.md): 
- [Use Tubes Anywhere in 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseTubesAnywhereIn3DGraphics.en.md): 
- [Use Units with Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseUnitsWithStatistics.en.md): 
- [Use Wolfram|Alpha to Get Information on a Stock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseWolframAlphaToGetInformationOnAStock.en.md): 
- [Use Wrappers to Annotate Events](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/UseWrappersToAnnotateEvents.en.md): 
- [Vector Laplacian Identity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VectorLaplacianIdentity.en.md): 
- [Verify the Solution to an Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VerifyTheSolutionToAnEquation.en.md): 
- [View Lists as Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/ViewListsAsMatrices.en.md): 
- [Visualization of a Chirp Z Transform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizationOfAChirpZTransform.en.md): 
- [Visualization with Units](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizationWithUnits.en.md): 
- [Visualize 3D Riemann Sums](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/Visualize3DRiemannSums.en.md): 
- [Visualize a Dynamic Library Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeADynamicLibraryFunction.en.md): 
- [Visualize an Urn Model with Weighted Balls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeAnUrnModelWithWeightedBalls.en.md): 
- [Visualize a Rank-4 Array](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeARank4Array.en.md): 
- [Visualize a Sample Path for a Finite Markov Process](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeASamplePathForAFiniteMarkovProcess.en.md): 
- [Visualize a Wavelet Scalogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeAWaveletScalogram.en.md): 
- [Visualize a Wavelet Transform Using a Common x Axis Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeAWaveletTransformUsingACommonXAxisPlot.en.md): 
- [Visualize a Wavelet Transform Using a Common y Axis Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeAWaveletTransformUsingACommonYAxisPlot.en.md): 
- [Visualize Boolean Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeBooleanFunctions.en.md): 
- [Visualize Distribution Functions for a Fitted Multivariate Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeDistributionFunctionsForAFittedMultivariateDistribution.en.md): 
- [The Seven Bridges of Königsberg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeEulerianCycles.en.md): 
- [Visualize File Sizes in a Directory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeFileSizesInADirectory.en.md): 
- [Visualize GDP for the G7 Countries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeGDPForTheG7Countries.en.md): 
- [Visualize Hamiltonian Cycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeHamiltonianCycles.en.md): 
- [Visualize Optimal Parameter Values](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeOptimalParameterValues.en.md): 
- [Visualize Rank Three Arrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeRankThreeArrays.en.md): 
- [Visualize Solutions to Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeSolutionsToEquations.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Character Codes in a String](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheCharacterCodesInAString.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Density of Two-Dimensional Data in Bins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheDensityOfTwoDimensionalPlotsInBins.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Dirichlet L-Function](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheDirichletLFunction.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Evolution of a Turing Machine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheEvolutionOfATuringMachine.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Evolution of the Game of Life in 3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheEvolutionOfTheGameOfLifeIn3D.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Exponential Moving Average of a Security](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheExponentialMovingAverageOfASecurity.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Gradient Direction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheGradientDirection.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Lorenz Attractor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheLorenzAttractor.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Maximum Height of a Histogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheMaximumHeightOfAHistogram.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Multivariate Poisson Distribution in 3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheMultivariatePoissonDistributionIn3D.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Projected Lifetime of a Component](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheProjectedLifetimeOfAComponent.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Relative Stability of Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheRelativeStabilityOfSystems.en.md): 
- [Visualize the Solutions to Partial Differential Equations in 3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTheSolutionsToPartialDifferentialEquationsIn3D.en.md): 
- [Visualize Tomography Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeTomographyData.en.md): 
- [Visualize Units Using Gauges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeUnitsUsingGauges.en.md): 
- [Visualize Vector Fields Using Line Integral Convolutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeVectorFieldsUsingLineIntegralConvolutions.en.md): 
- [Visualize Wavelet Coefficient Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeWaveletCoefficientDistributions.en.md): 
- [Visualize Wavelet Packet Tree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeWaveletPacketTree.en.md): 
- [Visualize Wavelets with Scalogram Functionality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VisualizeWaveletsWithScalogramFunctionality.en.md): 
- [Voting Power in a Presidential Election](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/VotingPowerInAPresidentialElection.en.md): 
- [Wavelet Image Fusion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/WaveletImageFusion.en.md): 
- [Word Length Distribution in Various Languages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/WordLengthDistributioninVariousLanguages.en.md): 
- [Work With Images as Symbolic Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/WorkWithImagesAsSymbolicExpressions.en.md): 
- [Write Programs That Write Programs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/example/WriteProgramsThatWritePrograms.en.md): 

## HowTos

- [Add Error Bars to Charts and Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/AddErrorBarsToChartsAndPlots.en.md): Plots of data based on measurements often have vertical lines or intervals centered at the points to indicate the associated error estimates. The Wolfram Language lets you add such error bars to charts and plots in two different ways.
- [Add Text outside the Plot Area](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/AddTextOutsideThePlotArea.en.md): Whether for simple annotation or to produce publication-quality plots, adding text outside the area of plots is one of many customization features that the Wolfram Language provides to tailor plots to your needs.
- [Add Text to a Graphic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/AddTextToAGraphic.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers great flexibility for adding text to graphics; you can add text interactively using the Drawing Tools palette or programmatically using various graphics primitives.
- [Add Transparency to Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/AddTransparencyToPlots.en.md): Transparency is useful in plots when you need an unobstructed view of multiple components of one plot, or simply want to lighten a single plot component against a white background. The Wolfram Language uses the graphics directive Opacity to apply transparency to graphics objects. Opacity can be used with most visualization functions.
- [Align Plots with Each Other](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/AlignPlotsWithEachOther.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many controls for preparing and laying out plots. Aligning plots is important when preparing graphics for presentation or publication.
- [Automatically Number Text](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/AutomaticallyNumberText.en.md): There are two ways to automatically number text in the Wolfram Language . The simplest way is to use a cell style that automatically numbers text by default. Alternatively, you can insert an automatic numbering object directly into the text.
- [Balance Brackets and Braces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/BalanceBracketsAndBraces.en.md): All bracketing characters in the Wolfram Language must be balanced. That is, every type of opening bracket must be balanced by a corresponding closing bracket. If there is an imbalance, then the Wolfram System will not evaluate the cell. The Wolfram System front end contains several convenient tools that let you make sure that your brackets and braces are balanced.
- [Build an Interactive Application](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/BuildAnInteractiveApplication.en.md): The Wolfram Language lets you create your own custom interfaces, using its uniquely straightforward symbolic interface-building technology. You can build simple interactive applications very quickly that scale seamlessly to large application interfaces.
- [Calculate Basic Descriptive Statistics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CalculateBasicDescriptiveStatistics.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many powerful features to handle a wide range of statistical needs. Some of the most elementary are outlined below.
- [Change the Format of Numbers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ChangeTheFormatOfNumbers.en.md): While there is typically one representation for exact numbers, approximate numbers can be presented differently according to the conventions of different professions or personal preference. The Wolfram Language provides several ways to control the display of these numbers. Options for displaying numbers can also be specified by selecting the Numbers tab from Appearance in the Edit > Preferences window.
- [Change the Form of Input and Output](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ChangeTheFormOfInputAndOutput.en.md): The user interface for the Wolfram System provides many options for formatting input and output.
- [Change the Lighting of Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ChangeTheLightingOfPlots.en.md): You can enhance the appearance of 3D graphics in the Wolfram Language by changing the direction and color of plot lighting. Lighting , an option for Graphics3D and related functions, can be combined with other functions and options to yield customized high-quality graphics.
- [Change the Size of Points in a 2D Scatter Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ChangeTheSizeOfPointsInA2DScatterPlot.en.md): Customization is an important part of the Wolfram Language 's extensive data visualization capabilities. While the default settings for displaying points in a plot are suitable in most cases, you have full control over the size of the points in the plot.
- [Change the Type and Color of Points in a 2D Scatter Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ChangeTheTypeAndColorOfPointsInA2DScatterPlot.en.md): While the default settings for plots created in the Wolfram Language are sufficient in most cases, nearly every aspect of plots is customizable. In addition to letting you change the size of points in a 2D plot, the Wolfram Language also lets you change the color and type of marker for points.
- [Check the Results of DSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CheckTheResultsOfDSolve.en.md): While DSolve usually returns the correct solution to a differential equation it is given, it is common practice to verify the solution returned by any differential equation solver. The solution given by DSolve can be verified using various methods. The easiest method involves substituting the solution back into the equation. If the result is True , the solution is valid.
- [Check the Results of NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CheckTheResultsOfNDSolve.en.md): For most differential equations, the results given by NDSolve are quite accurate. However, because its results are based on numerical sampling and error estimates, there can occasionally be significant errors. When you need to be sure of the quality of a solution, it is a good idea to do some basic checking of the solution.
- [Clean Up Data Imported from a Website](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CleanUpDataImportedFromAWebsite.en.md): The connectivity and data-processing capabilities of the Wolfram Language make it ideal for importing and analyzing data displayed on a website. In most cases, this is relatively straightforward. However, not all websites have data posted in an easily accessible form, as is the case with the example shown here. Despite this fact, the Wolfram Language does the job in just a few steps.
- [Clean Up Data Imported from a ZIP File](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CleanUpDataImportedFromAZIPFile.en.md): In addition to importing ZIP files stored on your machine, the Wolfram Language can also import ZIP files directly from a URL. In most cases, processing data in ZIP files is relatively straightforward. However, depending on how the data is formatted, it may need additional processing, as is the case in this example. Despite this, the Wolfram Language lets you import, process, and then plot the data in just a few steps.
- [Clear My Definitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ClearMyDefinitions.en.md): When you set a value to a symbol, that value will be used for the symbol for the entire Wolfram System session. Since symbols no longer in use can introduce unexpected errors when used in new computations, clearing your definitions is very desirable.
- [Color a 3D Surface without Lighting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ColorA3DSurfaceWithoutLighting.en.md): The Wolfram Language lets you determine the final rendered color of a 3D surface using simulated lighting, reflection, and glow. With the Glow option, you can color a 3D surface independently of simulated lighting and reflection by effectively causing the surface to emit light in the specified color.
- [Combine and Rearrange Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CombineAndRearrangeLists.en.md): The Wolfram System provides a complete data manipulation language with vast flexibility in rearranging lists with any number of elements in any kind of structure.
- [Combine Two or More Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CombineTwoOrMoreGraphics.en.md): When working with graphics in the Wolfram Language , you may want to combine several graphics into a single image. The Wolfram Language can combine graphics by overlaying them or by embedding them together in different orders.
- [Compute a Limit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ComputeALimit.en.md): Even simple-looking limits are sometimes quite complicated to compute. The Wolfram Language provides functionality to evaluate several kinds of limits.
- [Compute a Power Series](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ComputeAPowerSeries.en.md): Calculus lets you approximate complicated functions with power series. The Wolfram Language lets you generate and work with power series for a huge range of functions.
- [Connect a Gamepad or Other Device to the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ConnectAGamepadOrOtherDeviceToTheWolframSystem.en.md): Beyond using a keyboard or mouse, you can control the Wolfram System with a joystick, gamepad, 3D mouse, or any device that follows the industry-standard human interface device specification.
- [Connect a Java Program to the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ConnectAJavaProgramToTheWolframLanguage.en.md): The Wolfram Language can connect to many outside programs. You can use the Wolfram Language 's rich programming language to read and write to other supported programming languages. The Wolfram Language can be fully integrated with Java programs using J/Link .
- [Connect to a Remote Kernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ConnectToARemoteKernel.en.md): The Wolfram System can run its calculations on other computers that have the Wolfram System installed. Passing computations to other, potentially more powerful, machines can increase the efficiency of your work.
- [Connect to Other Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ConnectToOtherSystems.en.md): The unified architecture of the Wolfram System is highly extensible, allowing you to connect to other systems and programs. Using the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) communication protocol, which operates transparently in most cases, you can integrate the computational power of the Wolfram System with other systems and programming languages.
- [Control the Precision and Accuracy of Numerical Results](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ControlThePrecisionAndAccuracyOfNumericalResults.en.md): The Wolfram Language works with both exact quantities and approximate numbers. Using N , you can obtain a numerical approximation to an exact quantity with any desired precision or accuracy. In calculations involving arbitrary-precision approximate numbers, the Wolfram Language tracks the propagation of the numerical error. The use of high-precision numbers can yield accurate results where other numerical systems fail.
- [Control the Response of a 3D Surface to Lighting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ControlTheResponseOfA3DSurfaceToLighting.en.md): To control how a 3D surface responds to simulated light, set its reflection properties. The Wolfram Language lets you control the diffuse reflection of light on a matte surface and the specular reflection of light on a mirror-like surface. Combining them gives you extensive control over the final appearance and color of a 3D surface.
- [Create 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/Create3DGraphics.en.md): 3D graphics can be created with a number of powerful Wolfram Language functions. 3D graphics in the Wolfram Language can be rotated and zoomed using a standard mouse or even a joystick or gamepad.
- [Create a Folder of Thumbnail Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateAFolderOfThumbnailImages.en.md): A very common batch processing task is to reduce the dimensions of a set of images in one or more system folders, in effect constructing thumbnail images. The Wolfram Language 's file operations, Import , Export , and Thumbnail , combine to give you an effective way to do this programmatically. In fact, Import and Export are integral to most batch processes in the Wolfram Language .
- [Create a Lecture Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateALectureNotebook.en.md): The Wolfram System 's slide shows are ideal for use in the classroom, and can very quickly be leveraged as a lesson or lecture. Any presentation created with the Wolfram System can display live interactive content that you can alter, and even create, while presenting. This lets your classes be truly dynamic and provides an unparalleled opportunity to involve your students in the material.
- [Create a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateAMatrix.en.md): Matrices are represented in the Wolfram Language with lists. They can be entered directly with the { } notation, constructed from a formula, or imported from a data file. The Wolfram Language also has commands for creating diagonal matrices, constant matrices, and other special matrix types.
- [Create and Use Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateAndUseRules.en.md): Transformation rules in the Wolfram Language let you set local values for symbols, functions, and all other types of expressions. Using rules provides a powerful and extensible method to replace all or part of another expression with the value you specify.
- [Create and Work with Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateAndWorkWithCells.en.md): The Wolfram System notebooks consist of sequences of cells, which can be nested. The hierarchy of cells serves as a structure for organizing information in a notebook as well as specifying its overall look.
- [Create a New Style in a Stylesheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateANewStyleInAStylesheet.en.md): Stylesheets define the appearance and behavior of notebooks and their content. Every document created by the document interface includes a reference to a stylesheet, and the process is simple for creating a new style or making changes to an existing style via the Format menu.
- [Create an Image Object](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateAnImageObject.en.md): Images are an important standard data structure, tightly integrated with the Wolfram System front end and kernel. Image objects are created by default when you import any file with a supported image format. However, you can create image objects directly with some basic knowledge of the structure and properties of an image expression.
- [Create Animations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateAnimations.en.md): Animations can convey much more information than static displays. The built-in Wolfram Language functions Animate and ListAnimate provide an immediate way to construct animations of graphics or any other kind of expression in a Wolfram System notebook. There are many other ways to interact with animations, including using interface-building tools like Manipulate and Dynamic , or file manipulation tools like Import and Export .
- [Create a Slide Show](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateASlideShow.en.md): You can create and present slide shows directly from within the Wolfram System . The Wolfram System provides an integrated workflow from initial experimentation to final presentation. Wolfram System - based presentations can contain interactive interfaces and live computations, letting your audience see the effects of changes to parameters in real time.
- [Create Definitions for Variables and Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateDefinitionsForVariablesAndFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a very general notion of functions, as rules for arbitrary transformations. Values for variables are also assigned in this manner. When you set a value for a variable, the variable becomes a symbol for that value.
- [Create Embeddable Code](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateEmbeddableCode.en.md): You can generate code for external environments or other languages in the Wolfram Language by using EmbedCode . Note: Evaluation of cloud objects will use some of your Wolfram Cloud Credits .
- [Create Form-Based Mobile Apps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateFormBasedMobileApps.en.md): Any instant web form deployed in the Wolfram Cloud can be used as a mobile app from within the Wolfram Cloud app. Use IconRules to specify app icons for particular mobile platforms.
- [Create Graphics with Spline Primitives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateGraphicsWithSplinePrimitives.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides fully integrated spline graphics primitives, such as Bézier curves, B-spline curves, and B-spline surfaces. The spline primitives support a full range of user controls, such as arbitrary degree and a rational form of splines. The spline primitives provide an easy way to create complex graphics.
- [Create an Instant API](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateInstantAPIs.en.md): An instant API lets you call Wolfram Language code in the Wolfram Cloud from a web URL. You create an instant API and deploy it on the web using the Wolfram Language functions APIFunction and CloudDeploy . Instant APIs can be private (so only you can use them) or public (so anyone can use them). Note: running an instant API uses Wolfram Cloud Credits from your account.
- [Create an Instant Web Form](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateInstantWebForms.en.md): An instant web form lets you call Wolfram Language code in the Wolfram Cloud from a web form. You create an instant web form using the Wolfram Language functions FormFunction and CloudDeploy . Instant web forms can be private (so only you can use them) or public (so anyone can use them). Note: running an instant web form uses Wolfram Cloud Credits from your account.
- [Create Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreateLists.en.md): Lists are very important and general structures in the Wolfram Language . They allow you to treat collections of all kinds of objects as a single entity. There are many ways to construct them.
- [Create Plots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CreatePlots.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's state-of-the-art visualization capabilities allow you to create high-impact 2D and 3D plots of functions and data. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to creating a variety of types of plots.
- [Customize My Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CustomizeMyGraphics.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to customize your 2D and 3D graphics through a variety of options.
- [Customize Plots and Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/CustomizePlotsAndGraphics.en.md): The Wolfram Language gives you the power to customize every aspect of the styling of your plots. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common details of appearance.
- [Deploy a Notebook for Player](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DeployANotebookForPlayer.en.md): Ordinary Mathematica notebooks can be opened by non-Mathematica users using the free product Wolfram Player , which lets users view, print, and interact with live computations, but does not let them edit programs or write new content. While giving you flexibility in collaborative work and education, making a notebook available for Wolfram Player also lets you share your work with the world as part of the Wolfram Demonstrations Project.
- [Deploy a Web Page in the Wolfram Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DeployAWebPageInTheWolframCloud.en.md): You can export a notebook as a web page in the Wolfram Cloud using CloudExport . You can also programmatically deploy content to web pages using CloudDeploy . Note: make sure that your Wolfram Cloud Account is set up to allow you to deploy web pages in the Wolfram Cloud.
- [Deploy Interactive Content in the Wolfram Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DeployInteractiveContentInTheWolframCloud.en.md): If you have a notebook containing interactive content, you can deploy the notebook to the cloud using CloudExport . If you have a single expression--like a Manipulate --that is interactive, you can deploy it to the cloud with CloudDeploy . Note: make sure that your Wolfram Cloud Account is set up to allow you to deploy interactive content in the Wolfram Cloud. Unless you specify otherwise, cloudCDF material that you deploy will run using your Wolfram Cloud Credits.
- [Deploy to the Wolfram Cloud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DeployToWolframCloud.en.md): With the Universal Deployment System , anything built using the Wolfram Language can instantly be deployed through API, web, mobile, embedded code, and more. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to deploying to the Wolfram Cloud .
- [Display and Style Data Points on a 2D Curve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DisplayAndStyleDataPointsOnA2DCurve.en.md): When plotting curves from data, there are several methods you can use to display the data points along the curve. While the default settings for displaying such plots are suitable in most cases, the Wolfram Language also includes options that allow you to style the curves and data points as you wish.
- [Display Data Dynamically](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DisplayDataDynamically.en.md): The Wolfram Language can collect, process, and display data dynamically and in real time. A large collection of curated data is built into the Wolfram Language , which puts an extraordinary amount of information at your fingertips.
- [Display the Timing of an Evaluation in a Notebook Window](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DisplayTheTimingOfAnEvaluationInANotebookWindow.en.md): The time it takes the Wolfram Language to perform a computation is important information that can help you write efficient programs. Conveniently, you can display the time elapsed for your most recent computation in the lower-left corner of your notebook. Unlike Timing or AbsoluteTiming , which are calculated by the kernel, the value displayed in a notebook window is calculated by the front end. It is a simple wall-clock measurement of the time elapsed from the beginning of a computation until ...
- [Do Algebraic Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoAlgebraicCalculations.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to algebraic computation in the Wolfram Language .
- [Do an Integral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoAnIntegral.en.md): The Wolfram Language contains a very powerful system of integration. It can do almost any integral that can be done in terms of standard mathematical functions.
- [Do Basic Calculations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoBasicCalculations.en.md): The Wolfram Language serves as a convenient and extensible environment for doing basic math. In addition to performing advanced calculations, the Wolfram Language can also be used as a powerful calculator with arbitrary precision.
- [Do Basic Notebook Styling and Formatting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoBasicNotebookStylingAndFormatting.en.md): Wolfram System notebooks provide a state-of-the-art technical document system as well as being the primary working environment. The tools for creating publication-quality documents include extensive capabilities for formatting and structuring text.
- [Do Calculus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoCalculus.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to calculus in the Wolfram Language.
- [Do Constrained Nonlinear Optimization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoConstrainedNonlinearOptimization.en.md): An important subset of optimization problems is constrained nonlinear optimization, where the function is not linear and the parameter values are constrained to certain regions. The Wolfram Language is capable of solving these as well as a variety of other optimization problems.
- [Do Linear Algebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoLinearAlgebra.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to linear algebra in the Wolfram Language .
- [Do Statistical Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/DoStatisticalAnalysis.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to statistics in the Wolfram Language .
- [Edit Wolfram Language Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/EditWolframLanguageGraphics.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's unified symbolic graphics architecture makes it possible to mix programmatic graphics generation with interactive editing and control. The Wolfram System Drawing Tools palette lets you edit existing plots or illustrations--or create free-form ones from scratch.
- [Enter Mathematical Typesetting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/EnterMathematicalTypesetting.en.md): The Wolfram System notebooks support a variety of input and output styles. You can write input using the characters from the standard keyboard. Alternately, you can write input in more familiar mathematical notation using the front end palettes or keyboard shortcuts.
- [Enter Ranges and Options for Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/EnterRangesAndOptionsForFunctions.en.md): The main expression or object that a built-in Wolfram Language function acts on is given as the first argument to the function. As part of the syntax, a built-in Wolfram Language function can take more arguments, which may be required or may be generalizations or extensions of the function. After the arguments come options, which allow further extensions to control the behavior of the function.
- [Evaluate Expressions inside Dynamic or Manipulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/EvaluateExpressionsInsideDynamicOrManipulate.en.md): Dynamic and Manipulate have holding attributes that are vital in making them work properly. However, those holding attributes can interfere with other structural operations you may want to perform. This How to covers some useful approaches for Dynamic , Manipulate , and other held constructs.
- [Evaluate Infinite Sums and Products](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/EvaluateInfiniteSumsAndProducts.en.md): In calculus, infinite sums and products can pose a challenge to manipulate by hand. The Wolfram Language can evaluate a huge number of different types of sums and products with ease.
- [Export a Spreadsheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ExportASpreadsheet.en.md): You may want to export data from the Wolfram Language to a spreadsheet. Excel is one example of a common spreadsheet format that the Wolfram Language supports.
- [Export Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ExportGraphics.en.md): You may want to export a graphic for use outside the Wolfram Language . You have a large set of choices of raster and vector formats.
- [Export to PDF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ExportToPDF.en.md): You may wish to save your work in a format other than the default the Wolfram System notebook for sharing or publication. The Wolfram Language has a very robust system for exporting your documents to PDF, a popular file format.
- [Factor a Polynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FactorAPolynomial.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes functionality to factor polynomials symbolically.
- [Find a Style](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FindAStyle.en.md): A style controls the appearance of the text within a cell. Usually it is contained within a document's stylesheet. It is important to know how to locate the style being used so that that particular style can be used again for consistency within the document. There are two ways to locate the style: through the drop-down menus and by unformatting the cell in question.
- [Find Available Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FindAvailableOptions.en.md): The default behavior for a function in the Wolfram Language is carefully chosen to be suitable for the vast majority of cases. The Wolfram Language also gives you fine-grained control over the behavior of most functions by providing options that you can customize. You can find what options are available for a function by consulting the documentation or by evaluating Options[function] .
- [Find Information about Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FindInformationAboutFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram System provides several convenient ways to find information about functions. In addition to searching the documentation or navigating the guide pages, you can access documentation on functions directly from within your notebook.
- [Find Out Why the Wolfram System Beeped](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FindOutWhyTheWolframSystemBeeped.en.md): The Wolfram System usually works silently, giving output only when it has finished doing the calculations you asked for. However, the Wolfram System will produce an audible beep when the front end encounters an error.
- [Find Related Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FindRelatedFunctions.en.md): When working in the Wolfram Language , you will often find it useful to view groups of functions that relate to a specific subject area or set of tasks. The Documentation Center includes guide pages and the function navigator for this purpose.
- [Fit Models with Measurement Errors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FitModelsWithMeasurementErrors.en.md): Particularly in the physical sciences, it is common to use measurement errors as weights to incorporate measured variation into the fitting. Weights have a relative effect on the parameter estimates, but an error variance still needs to be estimated in weighted regression, and this impacts error estimates for results. The VarianceEstimatorFunction and Weights options to LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit can be used to get the desired results when weights are from measurement errors.
- [Format a Table of Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FormatATableOfData.en.md): Not only can the Wolfram Language perform very complicated data analysis, it can also display these results in a formatted, easy-to-read display that can be used in other documents or presentations. One of the most useful ways to format data is with a table.
- [Format Numbers and Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/FormatNumbersAndEquations.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to formatting equations and expressions in the Wolfram Language .
- [Generate Plots with Two Vertical Scales](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GeneratePlotsWithTwoVerticalScales.en.md): Suppose two functions have the same domain and different ranges. Plotting them together using Plot uses the same scale for the y values. To compare the functions, TwoAxisPlot plots them with different scales for the y values (on the left and right) so that their ranges appear to be the same.
- [Generate TeX with the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GenerateTeXWithTheWolframLanguage.en.md): Wolfram System notebooks provide a sophisticated environment for creating technical documents. In addition to typesetting within the Wolfram System , you can use the Wolfram System to generate TeX files that contain both mathematical equations and graphics.
- [Get an Image into the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetAnImageIntoTheWolframSystem.en.md): There are many convenient ways to get an image into the Wolfram System , including drag and drop. You can also import images by evaluating commands in a notebook. Once you have an image to work with, you can use any number of the Wolfram Language 's image processing functions to analyze and customize it.
- [Get Coordinates for Points in a Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetCoordinatesForPointsInAPlot.en.md): The Wolfram System 's interactive graphics capabilities let you determine the coordinates of a single point. You can also get arbitrary sequences of points and paths, and analyze and manipulate the coordinate lists like any other data in the Wolfram System .
- [Get Elements of Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetElementsOfLists.en.md): Lists are very important structures in the Wolfram Language . Lists allow you to treat any kind of collection of objects as a single entity. Sometimes you need to pick out or extract individual elements or groups of elements from a list.
- [Get Help in the Wolfram System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetHelpInTheWolframSystem.en.md): You will find the Documentation Center, Function Navigator, and Virtual Book essential in learning the Wolfram System 's vast programming language and functionality.
- [Get Parts of a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetPartsOfAMatrix.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many matrix operations that support operations such as building, computing, and visualizing matrices. It also has a rich language for picking out and extracting parts of matrices.
- [Get Parts of an Image](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetPartsOfAnImage.en.md): Getting a rectangular part of an image is a very common and frequently needed image manipulation task. Several ways are presented here, including using the mouse.
- [Get Results for Fitted Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/GetResultsForFittedModels.en.md): When fitting data to a model, it is often important to obtain additional results to compare the data to the fitted function. You may wish to check the significance of parameters and assess the assumptions of the model, the influence of data points, and the goodness of fit. In the Wolfram Language you can obtain these results directly from FittedModel objects returned by model fitting functions such as LinearModelFit , NonlinearModelFit , and GeneralizedLinearModelFit .
- [Identify Different Cell Brackets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/IdentifyDifferentCellBrackets.en.md): Content in a Wolfram System notebook is organized in cells. Each cell has a cell bracket that appears along the right edge of the notebook window. Markings on a cell bracket indicate important information about that cell.
- [Import and Export 3D Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ImportAndExport3DGraphics.en.md): The Wolfram Language can import and export 3D graphics in a variety of standard formats, allowing interchange with other applications. As with other 3D graphics in the Wolfram Language , imported 3D graphics can be rotated and zoomed in and out, using a mouse or other input device.
- [Import and Export Animations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ImportAndExportAnimations.en.md): After creating or editing an animation in the Wolfram Language , you can export it for use in other programs. The Wolfram Language can import and export animations in several formats.
- [Import and Export](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ImportAndExport.en.md): The Wolfram Language can import and export hundreds of data formats and subformats. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for tasks related to importing and exporting some of the more commonly-used formats.
- [Import and Export File Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ImportAndExportFileElements.en.md): Sometimes you may want to work with a specific part of a file instead of all of it. When bringing a file into the Wolfram Language , you can elect to import just individual parts of the file, which are called elements. The Wolfram Language 's ability to import and export elements of files gives you greater control over the information being exchanged while simultaneously saving time and memory.
- [Import and Export Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ImportAndExportImages.en.md): Of the many ways images can be loaded into a Wolfram System notebook, Import is the main method used to access image files on your local computer or at a remote location. The import and export of images are the most common first and last steps of practically any image processing computation.
- [Import a Spreadsheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ImportASpreadsheet.en.md): You can import spreadsheets created in a variety of formats to take advantage of the Wolfram Language 's rich data manipulation and visualization capabilities.
- [Input a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/InputAMatrix.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports operations on matrices of any size and has a range of input methods appropriate for different needs, from small, formatted matrices via keyboard or palettes to text-based entry or automatic import.
- [Input and Construct File Names in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/InputAndConstructFileNamesInTheWolframLanguage.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a simple and consistent method for accessing and using files. In addition to inserting a file path that is specific to your operating system, the Wolfram Language also allows programmatic construction of directory and file paths that are portable across different operating systems.
- [Insert a File Path](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/InsertAFilePath.en.md): Whether it is for importing, exporting, or other operations, the Wolfram Language must know where to look for files on your computer before it can use them. There are a number of directories that the Wolfram Language automatically searches for files. However, when the files you want to use are not in these directories, you need to specify their location. The Wolfram Language provides several convenient ways for doing this.
- [Insert a Hyperlink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/InsertAHyperlink.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes rich support for linking between notebooks and from notebooks to websites. You can simply add references to a single notebook or link between a series of interrelated documents.
- [Install a Stylesheet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/InstallAStylesheet.en.md): Stylesheets are typically edited as part of a notebook, but may also be applied to any other notebooks using either of the following two installation methods. Installed stylesheets are available for use with any document opened by your copy of the Wolfram System .
- [Interact with Wolfram Language Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/InteractWithWolframLanguageGraphics.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to editing and manipulating graphics in the Wolfram Language .
- [Label a Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/LabelAPlot.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides flexible options for labeling plots, allowing you to present ideas more clearly in presentations and publications.
- [Locate and Use Files](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/LocateAndUseFiles.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers support for a large number of file formats for importing, exporting, or other operations. It has several standard locations where it looks for files. You can change these locations to place other directories in the Wolfram Language 's default search path.
- [Make a Legend for My Charts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MakeALegendForMyCharts.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides an extensive, straightforward set of tools to control the appearance of your charts. Whether you are creating chart legends with the symbolic wrapper Legended or with the ChartLegends option, the legends you create inherit the styling chosen for your chart.
- [Make a Smoother or Rougher Plot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MakeASmootherOrRougherPlot.en.md): The Wolfram Language gives you the ability to fine-tune the level of detail for your plots. To get a rough sketch of a plot, you can tell the Wolfram Language to plot fewer points. The more points you have in a plot, the more detailed the results will be.
- [Make a Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MakeATable.en.md): In the Wolfram Language , many kinds of data are stored in tables or lists. The Wolfram Language provides many useful functions for creating and manipulating these tables.
- [Make Dynamic Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MakeDynamicGraphics.en.md): The graphics language of the Wolfram Language is fully integrated with dynamic interactivity. This lets you create graphics that can respond to input devices in a variety of ways.
- [Make the Fonts Bigger in My Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MakeTheFontsBiggerInMyNotebook.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows you to control font sizes of text, math, and graphics for clarity, compactness, or personal preference. You can choose styles for individual characters, whole documents, or application defaults, controlling them according to stylesheets or the output medium.
- [Make the Wolfram System Speak](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MakeTheWolframSystemSpeak.en.md): Starting in Version 7, the Wolfram System includes expression-to-speech functionality. In principle, any Wolfram Language expression can be translated in this way.
- [Manage Computations in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ManageComputationsInNotebooks.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to managing computations in notebooks.
- [Map a Function over a List](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/MapAFunctionOverAList.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes many powerful operations for working with lists. It is often desirable to map a function onto each individual element in a list. While listable functions do this by default, you can use Map to do this with non-listable functions.
- [Perform a Bootstrap Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PerformABootstrapAnalysis.en.md): Suppose that you have a limited amount of data from which to obtain estimates of statistics for a population. The sampling distribution for those estimates can be approximated by drawing new samples from the original data and then computing statistics from each sample. This process is called bootstrapping and can be performed in the Wolfram Language with RandomChoice .
- [Perform a Linear Regression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PerformALinearRegression.en.md): One of the most common statistical models is the linear regression model. A linear model predicts the value of a response variable by the linear combination of predictor variables or functions of predictor variables. In the Wolfram Language , LinearModelFit returns an object that contains fitting information for a linear regression model and allows for easy extraction of results and diagnostics.
- [Perform a Monte Carlo Simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PerformAMonteCarloSimulation.en.md): Monte Carlo methods use randomly generated numbers or events to simulate random processes and estimate complicated results. For example, they are used to model financial systems, to simulate telecommunication networks, and to compute results for high-dimensional integrals in physics. Monte Carlo simulations can be constructed directly by using the Wolfram Language 's built-in random number generation functions.
- [Perform Calculations on Columns of Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PerformCalculationsOnColumnsOfData.en.md): You will often need to perform calculations on the columns in a dataset, particularly when the columns represent variables. While some functions automatically operate on columns of data when a rectangular array is given, others may require some manipulation of the data in order to operate on the columns.
- [Perform Operations on Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PerformOperationsOnLists.en.md): Lists are central constructs in the Wolfram Language that are used to represent collections, arrays, sets, and sequences of all kinds. Well over a thousand built-in functions throughout the Wolfram Language operate directly on lists, making them a powerful vehicle for interoperability.
- [Perform Operations on Subgroups of Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PerformOperationsOnSubgroupsOfData.en.md): When summarizing data, it is often useful to analyze it by subgroup. For example, crop yields could be categorized by seed variety, or average patient recovery time by patient age or drug type. The Wolfram Language lets you split columns of data based on the values in other columns. You can then compute the desired statistics on the resulting groups.
- [Plot a Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotAGraph.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many ways to plot functions and data. It automates many details of plotting such as sample rate, aesthetic choices, and focusing on the region of interest. While these default options have been carefully selected to suit the vast majority of cases, the Wolfram Language also allows you to customize plots to fit your needs.
- [Plot a Vector Field](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotAVectorField.en.md): You can visualize a vector field by plotting vectors on a regular grid, by plotting a selection of streamlines, or by using a gradient color scheme to illustrate vector and streamline densities. You can also plot a vector field from a list of vectors as opposed to a mapping.
- [Plot Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotData.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers extensive support for plotting all kinds of data in many different ways.
- [Plot Data in 3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotDataIn3D.en.md): The integrated visualization capabilities of the Wolfram Language provide many tools to show data in 3D. The ability to plot points, surfaces, and contours, combined with the interpolation power of the Wolfram Language , results in accurate 3D visualizations. There are also many ways to customize and interact with these 3D plots that help you to better understand your data.
- [Plot Diagnostics for Fitted Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotDiagnosticsForFittedModels.en.md): Diagnostics are an important part of analyzing models of data. Plots of residuals and leverage or influence measures provide valuable insight into whether assumptions of the model are reasonable and whether there are data points that exert too much influence on the fitting. You can create these types of graphics in the Wolfram Language by using results from functions such as LinearModelFit together with built-in plotting functions.
- [Plot Functions of One Variable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotFunctionsOfOneVariable.en.md): The Wolfram Language offers multiple ways of plotting functions of one variable. These include ordinary plots, log plots, parametric plots, and polar plots.
- [Plot Functions of Two Variables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotFunctionsOfTwoVariables.en.md): The Wolfram Language gives you the power to visualize functions of two variables in multiple ways, including three-dimensional parametric plots, spherical plots, polar plots, and contour plots.
- [Plot Parametric Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotParametricFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language can plot parametric functions in both two and three dimensions. Use a parametric plot when you can express the x and y or x , y , and z coordinates at each point on your curve as a function of one or more parameters.
- [Plot the Results of NDSolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PlotTheResultsOfNDSolve.en.md): NDSolve solves a differential equation numerically. It returns solutions in a form that can be readily used in many different ways. One typical use would be to produce a plot of the solution.
- [Process Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ProcessImages.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to image processing in the Wolfram Language .
- [Put Data in a Grid with the Front End](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PutDataInAGridWithTheFrontEnd.en.md): While you can programmatically create two-dimensional layouts, the Wolfram System front end provides convenient tools for creating and editing two-dimensional grids of data, in a way that is deeply integrated with typesetting and evaluation. This lets you enter data as you would in a spreadsheet, simplifying the cases when you need to manually enter data into the Wolfram Language .
- [Put Headers and Footers on Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PutHeadersAndFootersOnNotebooks.en.md): Wolfram System notebooks can have headers and footers that are displayed when the notebook is printed but not on screen. Headers and footers can contain fixed text or dynamic objects such as page numbers and dates or even arbitrary dynamic Wolfram Language expressions.
- [Put Headings in a Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/PutHeadingsInATable.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides great flexibility for displaying and styling headings in a table. You can use Prepend or ArrayFlatten to add headings to rows and columns and then use Grid with any of its styling elements to display them in a table.
- [Rearrange the Terms of a Polynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/RearrangeTheTermsOfAPolynomial.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides many functions to group terms in a polynomial, extract and sort the monomials, display them in various ways, and even process them as arbitrary expression structures.
- [Refine and Simplify Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/RefineAndSimplifyExpressions.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides tools to simplify a diverse range of mathematical expressions to make them easier to understand, or more efficient to compute.
- [Replace or Remove Invalid or Missing Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/ReplaceOrRemoveInvalidOrMissingData.en.md): In data analysis, it is often necessary to clean a dataset before analyzing it. Data points with missing entries or that contain invalid values must be removed or replaced by some estimate. The Wolfram Language provides a rich environment for this type of preprocessing.
- [Rotate, Zoom, and Pan Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/RotateZoomAndPanGraphics.en.md): One of the most powerful aspects of graphics in the Wolfram System is their interactivity. Rotating, zooming, and panning your graphics allows for a more complete visualization experience by letting you understand images from every angle and present them from the very best viewpoint.
- [Search for Help](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SearchForHelp.en.md): You can search for Wolfram System help from within the Wolfram System or on the Wolfram Research websites. The complete documentation is available in every copy of the Wolfram System as well as online at reference.wolfram.com , which together with other Wolfram Research websites presents an extensive help system.
- [Select and Type in Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SelectAndTypeInNotebooks.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to selecting and typing in notebooks.
- [Select Cells without Visible Cell Brackets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SelectCellsWithoutVisibleCellBrackets.en.md): While some cells in the Wolfram System are not visible, they can still be selected for editing and modification. Selecting cells without visible cell brackets works just like selecting their visible counterparts.
- [Set Cloud Object Permissions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SetCloudObjectPermissions.en.md): Any CloudObject can be private (so only you can use it) or public (so anyone can use it). This setting can be changed for each cloud object by using the Permissions option when deploying, or for every object created in a session by setting $Permissions to a different value, such as Public . Note: evaluation of cloud objects uses Wolfram Cloud Credits from your account.
- [Set Up an Instant Web Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SetUpAnInstantWebComputation.en.md): You can use CloudDeploy in the Wolfram Language to set up a web page whose content will be recomputed every time you visit it. The web page can be private or public. Note: each visit to the web page will use some of your Wolfram Cloud Credits .
- [Solve a Differential-Algebraic Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SolveADifferentialAlgebraicEquation.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's differential equation solving functions can be applied to many classes of differential equations, automatically selecting the appropriate algorithms without needing preprocessing by the user. One such class of equations is DAEs.
- [Solve a Differential Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SolveADifferentialEquation.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's differential equation solving functions can be applied to many different classes of differential equations, automatically selecting the appropriate algorithms without needing preprocessing by the user.
- [Solve an Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SolveAnEquation.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many powerful features that enable you to solve many kinds of equations.
- [Solve a Partial Differential Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SolveAPartialDifferentialEquation.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's differential equation solving functions can be applied to many different classes of differential equations, automatically selecting the appropriate algorithms without the need for preprocessing by the user. One such class is partial differential equations (PDEs).
- [Solve Delay Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SolveDelayDifferentialEquations.en.md): You can use the standard differential equation solving function, NDSolve , to numerically solve delay differential equations with constant delays. It returns an interpolation function that can then be easily used with other functions.
- [Spell Check a Notebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SpellCheckANotebook.en.md): The Wolfram System 's built-in spell checker includes the ability to customize spelling dictionaries both permanently and for individual notebooks.
- [Stop a Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/StopAComputation.en.md): There will be times when you want to stop the Wolfram System in the middle of a computation. You may have asked the Wolfram System to do something that you did not intend or that is taking too much time. The Wolfram System provides several convenient ways to stop computations, including menu items and commands that you can use in your programs.
- [Style and Format Notebooks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/StyleAndFormatNotebooks.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to styling and formatting notebooks in the Wolfram System .
- [Suppress the Output of a Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/SuppressTheOutputOfAComputation.en.md): Often you need to perform intermediate steps in a calculation but have no need to see the results. By suppressing the output you save memory to store the notebook and may even save formatting time. You will also be able to see the important parts of the notebook more easily.
- [Take a Derivative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/TakeADerivative.en.md): The Wolfram Language makes it easy to take even the most complicated derivatives involving any of its huge range of differentiable special functions.
- [Test Hypotheses for Population Means](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/TestHypothesesForPopulationMeans.en.md): Many times in statistical analysis you may need to know if a population mean is significantly different from some reference value. This is a type of t -test if the population variance is not known. T he Wolfram Language contains several functions to test hypotheses for population means.
- [Type a Greek Letter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/TypeAGreekLetter.en.md): The Wolfram Language allows Greek letters to be integrated into symbol names, strings, graphics, and text. Greek letters can be input from palettes or by using keyboard shortcuts.
- [Update Parts of a Matrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UpdatePartsOfAMatrix.en.md): The Wolfram Language has many matrix operations that support operations such as building, computing, and visualizing matrices. It also has a rich language for picking out parts of matrices and assigning new values to them.
- [Use a Rule with an Expression More Than Once](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseARuleWithAnExpressionMoreThanOnce.en.md): You may find it useful to use one or more rules with an expression several times. The Wolfram Language provides functions that let you iterate when using rules with expressions. In cases where a rule can be used in several ways with an expression, the Wolfram Language also allows you to view all possible results.
- [Use Brackets and Braces Correctly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseBracketsAndBracesCorrectly.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's rich syntax uses different kinds of brackets and braces; familiarity with these aspects lets you read and program efficiently in the Wolfram Language .
- [Use Built-in Gamepad Support](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseBuiltinGamepadSupport.en.md): The Wolfram System supports using joysticks, gamepads, 3D mice, and all other controller devices that follow the HID specification. In fact, in many cases, there is zero setup needed to control the Wolfram System with one of these controller devices. You can use the interactive examples below to try out some simple applications of using gamepad support in the Wolfram System . However, watching the screencast will give you a much more thorough walk-through of using a variety of devices to ...
- [Use Colors in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseColorsInTheWolframLanguage.en.md): As well as being able to specify colors in several color spaces, the Wolfram Language also contains a variety of predefined colors and aesthetically pleasing color spectrums. These colors can be applied to just about anything.
- [Use Curated Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseCuratedData.en.md): An efficient load-on-demand mechanism makes hundreds of gigabytes of carefully curated and continually updated data immediately available inside the Wolfram Language for use in computations. This data, curated at Wolfram Research, can be accessed and processed in a coherent way.
- [Use Derivatives for Setting Up Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseDerivativesForSettingUpDifferentialEquations.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's functions for solving differential equations can be applied to many different classes of differential equations, including ordinary differential equations (ODEs), partial differential equations (PDEs), differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), and boundary value problems (BVPs). Using derivatives to set up these equations for solving in the Wolfram Language is essential.
- [Use Function Templates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseFunctionTemplates.en.md): The Wolfram Language lets you insert function templates that contain placeholders for the arguments of a function. You can do this directly from the keyboard or with several of the Wolfram System 's built-in palettes. Entering the arguments of a function using a template helps to make sure that the syntax you are entering is correct. Templates also reduce the number of times you need to leave your notebook to view information about a function in the documentation.
- [Use Logical Operators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseLogicalOperators.en.md): The Wolfram Language supports logical operators not only for programming, but for mathematical operations as well.
- [Use the Wolfram Language's Syntax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseMathematicasSyntax.en.md): The Wolfram Language has a rich syntax carefully designed for consistency and efficient, readable entry of the Wolfram Language 's many language, mathematical, and other constructs. Knowledge of these constructs is vital to using the Wolfram Language efficiently and forms the cornerstone of accessing the breadth and power of the Wolfram Language 's features.
- [Use Palettes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UsePalettes.en.md): Palettes give you immediate access to many features built into the Wolfram System , from creating syntactically complete expressions and inserting special characters, to building up charts and slide shows, all through a convenient point-and-click interface.
- [Use Rule Solutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseRuleSolutions.en.md): Since many functions in the Wolfram Language give solutions in the form of rules, you need to be able to use these rules to explore and interpret your results. Although many of the methods for using such solutions are specific to the type of problem being solved, you will consistently perform two basic steps: getting rule solutions from lists and then applying them to an expression.
- [Use Shorthand Notations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseShorthandNotations.en.md): Shorthand notations are a part of the Wolfram Language 's rich syntax system that allows multiple ways to feed arguments to functions. In addition to creating compact code, using shorthand notation lets you customize your workflow in the Wolfram Language .
- [Use the Image Assistant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseTheImageAssistant.en.md): The Image Assistant provides immediate access to a variety of image processing capabilities, making it easy to interactively process images using point-and-click--all within the notebook environment.
- [Use the Input Assistant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseTheInputAssistant.en.md): The Input Assistant offers context-sensitive autocompletion, including options and user-defined functions, along with function templates and dynamic highlighting, integrated with the Wolfram Language 's unrivaled documentation system.
- [Use the Suggestions Bar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/UseTheSuggestionsBar.en.md): As you finish a computation, the Wolfram Predictive Interface makes optimized suggestions for your next steps, enabling you to navigate and discover functionality throughout the Wolfram Language .
- [Work with Differential Equations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithDifferentialEquations.en.md): These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to solving differential equations in the Wolfram Language .
- [Work with Initialization Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithInitializationCells.en.md): Using initialization cells, you can specify that particular input cells of a notebook should be evaluated first. This ensures that your code is evaluated in the correct order, such as defining functions before evaluating cells that use those definitions.
- [Work with Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithLists.en.md): Lists are at the core of the Wolfram Language . These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to creating and manipulating lists.
- [Work with Nested Lists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithNestedLists.en.md): Nested lists are lists within a list; they are the principal structure for data in the Wolfram Language and allow for high-dimension arrays and ragged datasets as well as common uses such as matrices.
- [Work with Pure Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithPureFunctions.en.md): The ability to define and use your own functions is part of what gives the Wolfram Language such power. It is often inconvenient to have to explicitly name a function for every small operation that you wish to perform. The Wolfram Language lets you declare functions inline (called pure functions) to get around this.
- [Work with Rules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithRules.en.md): Rules are a key part of the Wolfram Language 's powerful expression transformation language. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for using rules in the Wolfram Language .
- [Work with Sparse Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithSparseMatrices.en.md): Sparse representations of matrices are useful because they do not store every element. If one particular value appears very frequently, it can be very advantageous to use a sparse representation. The Wolfram Language offers a sparse representation for matrices, vectors, and tensors with SparseArray . These are very closely related to dense matrices, which are represented by lists. Most operations that work for lists also work for sparse arrays.
- [Work with Spline Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithSplineFunctions.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's powerful spline functionality includes both numeric and symbolic support. Built-in basis polynomials and efficient spline construction provide a way to research the properties of splines as well as to perform various mathematical tasks using splines.
- [Work with Statistical Distributions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithStatisticalDistributions.en.md): Statistical distributions have applications in many fields, including the biological, social, and physical sciences. The Wolfram Language represents statistical distributions as symbolic objects. You can obtain properties, results, and random numbers for hundreds of built-in or custom distributions by applying built-in functions to the objects.
- [Work with Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithTables.en.md): The Wolfram Language 's extensive capabilities for presenting data, text, graphics, and dynamic elements in formatted tables give you control over all elements of layout and styling. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common related tasks.
- [Work with Variables and Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/howto/WorkWithVariablesAndFunctions.en.md): Variables and functions are integral to the Wolfram Language 's symbolic programming language. These How tos give step-by-step instructions for common tasks related to variables, functions, and functional programming.

## ANOVA


### Guide Pages

- [Analysis of Variance Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/guide/AnalysisOfVariancePackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [ANOVA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/ANOVA.en.md): ANOVA[data] performs a one-way analysis of variance. ANOVA[data, model, vars] performs an analysis of variance for model as a function of the categorical variables vars.
- [Bonferroni](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/Bonferroni.en.md): Bonferroni is a possible value for the PostTests option for ANOVA.
- [CellMeans](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/CellMeans.en.md): CellMeans is an option for ANOVA that specifies whether cell means should be included in the output.
- [Duncan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/Duncan.en.md): Duncan is a possible value for the PostTests option for ANOVA.
- [Dunnett](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/Dunnett.en.md): Dunnett is a possible value for the PostTests option for ANOVA.
- [PostTests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/PostTests.en.md): PostTests is an option for ANOVA that specifies which significance tests to perform.
- [StudentNewmanKeuls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/StudentNewmanKeuls.en.md): StudentNewmanKeuls is a possible value for the PostTests option for ANOVA.
- [Tukey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/ref/Tukey.en.md): Tukey is a possible value for the PostTests option for ANOVA.

### Tutorials

- [Analysis of Variance Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ANOVA/tutorial/ANOVA.en.md): This package provides functions for performing a univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to examine the differences between groups of means. The function ANOVA can handle models with any number of fixed factors in a crossed design. It can handle both balanced and unbalanced data with or without missing elements. All results are given as type I sums of squares. ANOVA also provides a number of post-hoc tests for comparisons. The ANOVA function. The data must be of the form {{\\[Alpha]_ ...

## Audio


### Guide Pages

- [Audio Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/guide/AudioPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AmplitudeModulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/AmplitudeModulation.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Cascade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Cascade.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FrequencyModulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/FrequencyModulation.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ListWaveform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/ListWaveform.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ModulationType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/ModulationType.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Overtones](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Overtones.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Parallel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Parallel.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Ring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Ring.en.md): In Version 6.0, Ring has been superseded by RingModulation.
- [RingModulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/RingModulation.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Sawtooth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Sawtooth.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Sinusoid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Sinusoid.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Square](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Square.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Standard](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Standard.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Triangle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Triangle.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Waveform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/ref/Waveform.en.md): As of Version 11, most of the functionality of the Audio package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Audio Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Audio/tutorial/Audio.en.md): This package provides functions for the generation of standard waveforms and waveforms with user-specified spectra, the synthesis of amplitude- and frequency-modulated sinusoids, and a function for reading sound files into the Wolfram Language. The graphics output of the Wolfram Language's sound functions is hardware dependent, so the graphics included in this documentation may differ from those produced by your machine. Creating a standard waveform.

## AuthorTools


### Guide Pages

- [AuthorTools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/guide/AuthorTools.en.md): AuthorTools is an add-on package that simplifies the creation of documents in the Wolfram System and is particularly suited for book production tasks. The package contains functions to process notebooks for print or online publication. These functions can be called directly or through dialogs and palettes that are part of AuthorTools.

### Reference Pages

- [AddIndexEntry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/AddIndexEntry.en.md): AddIndexEntry[nb, {main, sub}] adds an index entry with the given main and sub entry to the currently selected cells in nb.
- [ExportDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/ExportDirectory.en.md): ExportDirectory is an option for ExportNotebook that determines the location of the generated files. The default value of Automatic uses the directory containing the given notebook.
- [ExportFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/ExportFormat.en.md): ExportFormat is an option that determines the file format for files created by the AuthorTools export palette.
- [ExportNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/ExportNotebook.en.md): ExportNotebook[nb,  style,  fmt] creates image files of format fmt in the notebook's directory for each cell of the indicated style. ExportNotebook[nb, {elem, data},  fmt] extracts cells. (See also ExtractionMethod.)
- [ExtractionMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/ExtractionMethod.en.md): ExtractionMethod is an option for ExportNotebook that determines how the information is read from the notebook. The default setting of Automatic will use NotebookGet or Get. Settings of NotebookGet or Get are oftentimes more time efficient, and NotebookRead or NotebookLookup are more memory efficient. The memory-efficient methods are not available for all exports.
- [MakeContents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/MakeContents.en.md): MakeContents[nb | proj, format] writes a table of contents for the specified notebook or project in the given format.
- [MakeIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/MakeIndex.en.md): MakeIndex[nb | proj, format] creates a new index file for the given notebook or project in the specified format and opens it in the front end.
- [OpenAllCellGroups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/OpenAllCellGroups.en.md): OpenAllCellGroups is an option to Paginate that determines whether to open all the cell groups in each notebook before calculating page breaks.
- [OpenAuthorTool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/OpenAuthorTool.en.md): OpenAuthorTool[] returns links for opening any of the main palettes. OpenAuthorTool[name] opens the palette with the specified name from the AuthorTools layout.
- [Paginate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/Paginate.en.md): Paginate[proj] sets the starting page number for each notebook file in the given project to be the page after the previous notebook finished. It caches the page numbers in each notebook's tagging rules.
- [PaginationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/PaginationFunction.en.md): PaginationFunction is an option to Paginate that specifies a function to apply to each notebook object after page numbers are calculated but before the notebook is closed.
- [SelectedCellStyles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/SelectedCellStyles.en.md): SelectedCellStyles is an option that determines what cells from the user's notebook are itemized when building a table of contents or browser categories. It can be set to a list of style names.
- [StartingPages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/StartingPages.en.md): StartingPages is an option to Paginate that specifies a list {p1, p2, ..., pn}, where pk is the starting page number for the k^th notebook in the project. Values can be integers, Inherited, Next, Even, or Odd.
- [WriteProjectData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/ref/WriteProjectData.en.md): WriteProjectData[file, data] rewrites file as a project data file containing the given data.

### Tutorials

- [Differences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/Differences.en.md): The Differences palette is a tool for comparing variations between notebooks. It looks at all aspects of each notebook being compared, from textual content, inputs/outputs, and images to cell options, including cell tags and applied cell styles. The result is a standalone report outlining all the differences. The first two buttons select two individual notebooks to compare, or two directories or project files for comparing multiple notebooks at once. The remaining buttons set exclusions, which ...
- [Export Cells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/ExportCells.en.md): The Export Cells palette enables you to extract content of a specified type from a given notebook or project and save the content in a desired format. For example, you can extract all the graphics cells from a notebook and save each graphic as a separate GIF file. You can extract content of the following types: By default, the content is saved in a new notebook. However, you can choose from any of the other export formats supported by the Wolfram System: plain text, HTML, TEX, GIF, JPEG, BMP, ...
- [Insert Value](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/InsertValue.en.md): Using the Insert Value palette, you can insert an object to display the current value of variables such as the names of the home directory or the preferences directory, as well as the current file name, pathname, date, or time. The display object, once inserted, is dynamically updated so that it always reflects the current value of the variable. For example, the text in the following cell contains display objects that refer to the current date and time, respectively. This ensures that each ...
- [Make Contents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/MakeContents.en.md): The Make Contents palette enables you to generate a table of contents for any notebook or group of notebooks. You can format your table of contents in any of three predefined styles: It may take a few moments for the evaluation to be completed, depending on the size of the source notebook (s). The newly generated table of contents appears on the screen and is saved in the same directory as the source notebook.
- [Make Index](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/MakeIndex.en.md): The Make Index palette enables you to generate an index for your notebook or project. The Wolfram System calculates page numbers for all the index entries that you specify and lists them in alphabetical order. Each entry in the index is hyperlinked to the related material in the source notebook (s). To create an index for a document, you must assign an index entry to each cell in the notebook that will be referenced in the index. This is done using the Edit Notebook Index dialog box of the ...
- [Make Project](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/MakeProject.en.md): The Make Project dialog box makes it easy to set up and manage projects involving multiple notebooks. For example, you can use this dialog box to generate a unified table of contents or index for a set of notebooks. The first step in processing multiple notebooks is to create a project file. This is a file that specifies the names and location of all notebooks in a project. You can create any number of project files, one for each project you are working on. Each project file has a .m suffix. ...
- [Paginate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/Paginate.en.md): The Paginate palette enables you to assign page numbers to one or more notebooks. You must paginate your source notebook(s) at least once before you generate a table of contents or index. Otherwise, the table of contents or index will not contain any page numbers. The three buttons at the bottom of the palette enable you to specify options that control how the page numbers are assigned. To set the value of an option, click the button bearing the name of that option. This brings up a dialog box ...
- [Printing Options](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/AuthorTools/tutorial/PrintingOptions.en.md): The Printing Options palette offers an alternative to the Printing Settings file menu, providing convenient means to set options that are uncommon for most users. Authors typically need to handle document-level formatting in the production of page proofs or camera-ready copy, and the features highlighted here include registration marks and indexed running heads. The first button is the primary interface, for running heads and footers. The remaining buttons provide convenient access to page ...

## BarCharts


### Guide Pages

- [Bar Charts Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/guide/BarChartsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [BarChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarChart3D.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarChart3D is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [BarChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarChart.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarChart is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [BarEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarEdges.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarEdges has been superseded by ChartStyle.
- [BarEdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarEdgeStyle.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarEdgeStyle has been superseded by ChartStyle.
- [BarGroupSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarGroupSpacing.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarGroupSpacing has been superseded by BarSpacing.
- [BarLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarLabels.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarLabels has been superseded by Labeled.
- [BarOrientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarOrientation.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarOrientation has been superseded by BarOrigin.
- [BarSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarSpacing.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarSpacing is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [BarStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarStyle.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarStyle has been superseded by ChartStyle.
- [BarValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/BarValues.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BarValues has been superseded by Labeled.
- [GeneralizedBarChart3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/GeneralizedBarChart3D.en.md): As of Version 7.0, GeneralizedBarChart3D has been superseded by RectangleChart3D.
- [GeneralizedBarChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/GeneralizedBarChart.en.md): As of Version 7.0, GeneralizedBarChart has been superseded by RectangleChart.
- [PercentileBarChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/PercentileBarChart.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PercentileBarChart has been superseded by BarChart.
- [StackedBarChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BarCharts/ref/StackedBarChart.en.md): As of Version 7.0, StackedBarChart has been renamed Stacked and become a property of BarChart.

## Benchmarking


### Guide Pages

- [Benchmarking Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Benchmarking/guide/BenchmarkingPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Benchmark](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Benchmarking/ref/Benchmark.en.md): Benchmark[] runs the WolframMark benchmark.
- [BenchmarkReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Benchmarking/ref/BenchmarkReport.en.md): BenchmarkReport[] runs the WolframMark benchmark and produces a report in a separate notebook comparing this system to a selection of reference systems. BenchmarkReport[SubscriptBox[system, 1], SubscriptBox[system, 2], ..., data1, data2, ...] produces a custom report comparing the specified systems from $BenchmarkSystems and the specified data returned from Benchmark.
- [$BenchmarkSystems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Benchmarking/ref/$BenchmarkSystems.en.md): $BenchmarkSystems gives the names of systems for which the WolframMark benchmark data is known.

### Tutorials

- [Benchmarking Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Benchmarking/tutorial/Benchmark.en.md): This package contains functions for measuring the performance of the Wolfram System on your computer and for producing a comparison report that includes benchmark results for other computers. The WolframMark benchmark, a collection of typical numeric and symbolic computations, is used for evaluating the performance of the computer system on which the Wolfram System is run. The overall WolframMark result is computed as the geometric mean of the reciprocal of individual timings, normalized with ...

## BlackBodyRadiation


### Guide Pages

- [Black-Body Radiation Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BlackBodyRadiation/guide/BlackBodyRadiationPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [BlackBodyProfile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BlackBodyRadiation/ref/BlackBodyProfile.en.md): As of Version 10.0, black-body radiation functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MaxPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BlackBodyRadiation/ref/MaxPower.en.md): As of Version 10.0, black-body radiation functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PeakWavelength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BlackBodyRadiation/ref/PeakWavelength.en.md): As of Version 10.0, black-body radiation functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [TotalPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BlackBodyRadiation/ref/TotalPower.en.md): As of Version 10.0, black-body radiation functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>

### Tutorials

- [Black-Body Radiation Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/BlackBodyRadiation/tutorial/BlackBodyRadiation.en.md): A body that absorbs all radiation incident on it is called an ideal black body. This package provides functions giving the basic properties of black-body radiation at a specified temperature, and a function for plotting black-body spectral distributions. Black-body radiation properties. This loads the package.

## Calendar


### Guide Pages

- [Calendar Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/guide/CalendarPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [CalendarChange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/CalendarChange.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Calendar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/Calendar.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DateQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/DateQ.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DayOfWeek](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/DayOfWeek.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DaysBetween](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/DaysBetween.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DaysPlus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/DaysPlus.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [EasterSunday](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/EasterSunday.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [EasterSundayGreekOrthodox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/EasterSundayGreekOrthodox.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gregorian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/Gregorian.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Islamic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/Islamic.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Jewish](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/Jewish.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [JewishNewYear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/JewishNewYear.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Julian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/ref/Julian.en.md): As of Version 10.0, calendar functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>

### Tutorials

- [Calendar Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Calendar/tutorial/Calendar.en.md): This package provides a unified treatment of the basic calendar operations. The main idea is to treat the calendar as a generalized number system, so that days, weeks, months, and years are thought of as generalizing the digits of a number in a given base. Calendar computations using the standard calendar. This loads the package.

## CCodeGenerator


### Guide Pages

- [CCodeGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/guide/CCodeGenerator.en.md): Code generation from the Wolfram Language involves converting programs written in the Wolfram Language into other languages and then supporting them so that they can be executed. The Wolfram System compiler provides a system for code generation into the C language.

### Reference Pages

- [CCodeGenerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/ref/CCodeGenerate.en.md): CCodeGenerate[cfun, name, opts] generates C code from the compiled function cfun using the name as the exported function name, and saves in the file name . c. CCodeGenerate[cfun, name, filename] generates output in filename. CCodeGenerate[{cfun 1, cfun 2, ...}, { name 1, name 2, ...}, filename] generates C code from several compiled functions and saves in filename.
- [CCodeStringGenerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/ref/CCodeStringGenerate.en.md): CCodeStringGenerate[cfun, name] generates C code from the compiled function cfun using the name as the exported function name.
- [LibraryGenerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/ref/LibraryGenerate.en.md): LibraryGenerate[cfun, name, opts] generates a shared library from the compiled function cfun using the name as the exported function name.
- [SymbolicCGenerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/ref/SymbolicCGenerate.en.md): SymbolicCGenerate[cfun, name, opts] generates symbolic C from the compiled function cfun using name as the exported function name.

### Tutorials

- [Code Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/tutorial/CodeGeneration.en.md): Code generation from the Wolfram Language involves converting programs written in the Wolfram Language into other languages and then supporting them so that they can be executed. The Wolfram System compiler provides a system for code generation into the C language. The CCodeGenerator package is a key component of code generation from the Wolfram Language. It provides a number of functions, which are described below, that make use of the Wolfram System compiler for generating C code. Functions ...
- [Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/tutorial/Examples.en.md): The C code generator can be used to create standalone executables that link to the Wolfram runtime library. This example creates a standalone C executable for a lowpass filter. First, you need to create a target directory for the output.
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Code generation from the Wolfram Language involves converting programs written in the Wolfram Language into other languages and then supporting them so that they can be executed. The Wolfram System compiler provides a system for code generation into the C language. One mode of use is to create C code that conforms to a Wolfram Library; this can be compiled with a C compiler and linked back into the Wolfram Language. This is how the CompilationTarget option of Compile works when it is set to C; ...
- [C Code Generation User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Code generation from the Wolfram Language involves converting programs written in the Wolfram Language into other languages and then supporting them so that they can be executed. The Wolfram System compiler provides a system for code generation into the C language. Introduction Related Technologies
- [Related Technologies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCodeGenerator/tutorial/RelatedTechnologies.en.md): Code generation from the Wolfram Language involves converting programs written in the Wolfram Language into other languages and then supporting them so that they can be executed. The Wolfram System compiler provides a system for code generation into the C language. This section describes some technologies that are related to code generation. The Wolfram System compiler is an important way both to speed up and also to work with Wolfram Language computations. It does this by taking assumptions ...

## CCompilerDriver


### Guide Pages

- [CCompilerDriver](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/guide/CCompilerDriver.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It lets you build executables, libraries, and object files from C source code. It is called automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C. It is also useful for building WSTP executables as well as Wolfram Libraries (dynamic linking libraries that can be linked into the Wolfram Language).

### Reference Pages

- [CCompilers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/ref/CCompilers.en.md): CCompilers[] returns the list of C compilers supported for this version of the Wolfram Language that can be found on your system. CCompilers[Full] returns the list of all C compilers supported for this version of the Wolfram Language (but which may not actually be installed).
- [CreateExecutable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/ref/CreateExecutable.en.md): CreateExecutable[source, name] compiles a string of C code and creates an executable file, name . ext. CreateExecutable[{file 1, ...}, name] compiles a number of C and mprep source files and creates an executable file, name . ext.
- [CreateLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/ref/CreateLibrary.en.md): CreateLibrary[source, name] compiles a string of C code and creates a library file, name . ext. CreateLibrary[{file 1, ...}, name] compiles a number of C source files and creates a library file, name . ext.
- [CreateObjectFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/ref/CreateObjectFile.en.md): CreateObjectFile[source, name] compiles a string of C code and creates an object file, name . ext. CreateObjectFile[{file}, name] compiles a C source file and creates an object file, name . ext.
- [$CCompilerDefaultDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/ref/$CCompilerDefaultDirectory.en.md): $CCompilerDefaultDirectory returns the default location for creating output.
- [$CCompiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/ref/$CCompiler.en.md): $CCompiler sets the default C compiler to use for operating on C code.

### Tutorials

- [Configuring the Compilation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/Compilation.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It lets you build executables, libraries, and object files from C source code. It is called automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C. It is also useful for building WSTP executables as well as Wolfram Libraries (dynamic linking libraries that can be linked into the Wolfram Language). This section discusses the various controls the package provides ...
- [Creating an Executable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/CreatingExecutable.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It is used automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C, but you can use it to build your own executables, libraries, and object files from source code written in the C language. First, the packages are loaded. This creates a basic C function.
- [Creating a Library](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/CreatingLibrary.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It is used automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C, but you can use it to build your own executables, libraries, and object files from source code written in the C language. This section discusses some of the ways that you can use these tools to create libraries. The main function to create a library is CreateLibrary. These examples will use ...
- [Creating an Object File](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/CreatingObjectFile.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It is used automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C, but you can use it to build your own executables, libraries, and object files from source code written in the C language. This section discusses some of the ways that you can use these tools to create object files. The main function to create a library is CreateObjectFile. These examples will use ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It lets you build executables, libraries, and object files from C source code. It is called automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C. It is also useful for building WSTP executables as well as Wolfram Libraries (dynamic linking libraries that can be linked into the Wolfram Language). To use the package it must first be loaded. This is a sample ...
- [CCompilerDriver User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/Overview.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It lets you build executables, libraries, and object files from C source code. It is called automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C. It is also useful for building WSTP executables as well as Wolfram Libraries (dynamic linking libraries that can be linked into the Wolfram Language). Introduction Creating an Executable
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/Reference.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package allows you to use a C compiler from within the Wolfram Language. This section summarizes the functionality. This section summarizes the functions used to work with C compilers from within the Wolfram Language.
- [Specific Compilers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CCompilerDriver/tutorial/SpecificCompilers.en.md): The CCompilerDriver package lets you work with C compilers that are installed on your computer. It lets you build executables, libraries, and object files from C source code. It is called automatically by the Wolfram System compiler when you set the option CompilationTarget to C. It is also useful for building WSTP executables as well as Wolfram Libraries (dynamic link libraries that can be linked into the Wolfram Language). This section describes how the CCompilerDriver package works with ...

## CloudAdminGuide


### Tutorials

- [Wolfram Cloud Administration Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/AdminReference.en.md): Configuration properties can be set in the configuration notebook using a Wolfram Language rule (e.g. OrganizationName -> Icosahedron, Inc.), and can also be set in configvalues.json using JSON syntax (e.g. OrganizationName: Icosahedron, Inc.). In both cases, property names are always strings. In the configuration notebook, values are typically also strings, though some settings can be symbols (e.g. Automatic or None) or numbers, depending on the setting. These exceptions are noted in the ...
- [Administrative Tasks and Troubleshooting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/AdminTasksAndTroubleshooting.en.md): The cloud account is the Linux user account to use for general administrative tasks. The Linux UI desktop automatically logs in to this account. This account has sudo access. The tomcat account owns the Tomcat web server process, which runs the web application and consequently owns all the Wolfram Engine (wolfram and WolframKernel) and background Wolfram user interface (Mathematica) processes. The apache account owns the Apache HTTP Server process (httpd), which serves static content and runs ...
- [Wolfram Cloud Architecture for Admins](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/Architecture.en.md): Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC) is provisioned through a virtual machine image running CentOS Version 8 Linux. In a typical clustered installation, there is a master node running various network services and a series of compute nodes running the Wolfram Cloud application and Wolfram Engines. The cluster configuration is orchestrated from the master node. It is also possible to run a single-node installation where all services plus the web application and Wolfram Engine processes all run ...
- [Introduction to Wolfram Cloud Administration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): This document provides a guide to the planning, setup and operation of a Wolfram Cloud installation. There is a public version of the Wolfram Cloud (available at www.wolframcloud.com) as well as the Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC) version. This document pertains mainly to EPC users, though it may also be useful to public cloud users as well. What is the Wolfram Cloud, and what can you do with it? The reasons for using a Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud include:
- [Wolfram Cloud Administration Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Architecture Theory of Operation
- [Wolfram Cloud Setup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/Setup.en.md): This section describes how to set up Wolfram Enterprise Private Cloud (EPC). This document will walk through each step and link to workflow pages for some of the specific steps. You can see the guide to all EPC workflows here. There are several things to determine when planning an EPC installation: This section will examine each of these areas in turn. The decisions for each will need to be made in consultation with Wolfram as to their suitability for your intended application.
- [Wolfram Cloud Theory of Operation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudAdminGuide/tutorial/TheoryOfOperation.en.md): In order to operate and troubleshoot the Wolfram Cloud, it is helpful to be familiar with the way it works, for a variety of the major features. When you open a notebook in the webpages environment view (the URL should have /env/ in it, such as https://www.wolframcloud.com/env/cloud-content/FirstFiveMinutes.nb), the system first checks permissions on it, as it does when handling any request for a cloud object. If you are the owner or have write permissions, you will be given an exclusive ...

## CloudExpression


### Reference Pages

- [CloudExpressionBackup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudExpression/ref/CloudExpressionBackup.en.md): CloudExpressionBackup[ce, file] saves the current state of a CloudExpression ce to a file.
- [CloudExpressionBackupObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudExpression/ref/CloudExpressionBackupObject.en.md): CloudExpressionBackupObject[data] represents a CloudExpression backup.
- [CloudExpressionRestore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudExpression/ref/CloudExpressionRestore.en.md): CloudExpressionRestore[backup] restores the cloud expression from backup.
- [LegacyCloudExpressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudExpression/ref/LegacyCloudExpressions.en.md): LegacyCloudExpressions[] gives a list of named legacy cloud expressions owned by you. LegacyCloudExpressions[None] gives a list of anonymous legacy cloud expressions owned by you. LegacyCloudExpression[All] gives a list of all legacy cloud expressions owned by you.
- [MigrateLegacyCloudExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CloudExpression/ref/MigrateLegacyCloudExpression.en.md): MigrateLegacyCloudExpression[ce] migrates a given legacy CloudExpression to the new format.

## ClusterIntegration


### Guide Pages

- [Cluster Integration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ClusterIntegration/guide/ClusterIntegration.en.md): The Wolfram Language's Cluster Integration provides a uniquely seamless interface to cluster management systems. With Cluster Integration, you can launch and manage jobs running Wolfram Language kernels from within the Wolfram Language, using cluster management systems to identify and allocate resources and schedule computations.

### Reference Pages

- [CCS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ClusterIntegration/ref/CCS.en.md): CCS[name] represents a Windows Compute Cluster Server with the specified name. CCS[name, n] represents a Windows Compute Cluster Server  name with n Wolfram Language kernels.
- [HPC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ClusterIntegration/ref/HPC.en.md): HPC[name] represents a Windows High Performance Computing Server with the specified name. HPC[name, n] represents a Windows High Performance Computer Server  name with n Wolfram Language kernels.
- [LSF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ClusterIntegration/ref/LSF.en.md): LSF[name] represents a Platform Load Sharing Facility cluster with the specified name. LSF[name, n] represents a Platform Load Sharing Facility  name with n Wolfram Language kernels.
- [PBS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ClusterIntegration/ref/PBS.en.md): PBS[name] represents an Altair Portable Batch System with the specified name. PBS[name, n] represents an Altair Portable Batch System  name with n Wolfram Language kernels.
- [SGE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ClusterIntegration/ref/SGE.en.md): SGE[name] represents a Sun Grid Engine with the specified name. SGE[name, n] represents a Sun Grid Engine  name with n Wolfram Language kernels.

## CodeFormatter


### Guide Pages

- [CodeFormatter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeFormatter/guide/CodeFormatter.en.md): CodeFormatter is a package for formatting Wolfram Language code.

### Reference Pages

- [Airiness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeFormatter/ref/Airiness.en.md): Airiness is an option that specifies the amount of whitespace and newlines to add or remove.
- [CodeFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeFormatter/ref/CodeFormat.en.md): CodeFormat[code] formats a string of WL code returning a string. CodeFormat[File[src]] formats a file of WL code returning a string.

## CodeInspector


### Guide Pages

- [CodeInspector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeInspector/guide/CodeInspector.en.md): CodeInspector is a package for finding and reporting problems in Wolfram Language code.

### Reference Pages

- [CodeInspect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeInspector/ref/CodeInspect.en.md): CodeInspect[code] inspects a string of WL code returning a list of issues. CodeInspect[File[src]] inspects a file of WL code returning a list of issues.
- [CodeInspectSummarize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeInspector/ref/CodeInspectSummarize.en.md): CodeInspectSummarize[code] inspects a string of WL code returning an inspection summary. CodeInspectSummarize[File[src]] inspects a file of WL code returning an inspection summary.
- [InspectionObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeInspector/ref/InspectionObject.en.md): InspectionObject[tag, description, severity, data] is a problem found in WL source code.

### Tutorials

- [CodeInspector Tutorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeInspector/tutorial/CodeInspectorTutorial.en.md): The functions in the CodeInspector` context provide functionality for linting of WL code. Inspecting WL code. First we need to load the CodeInspector` package

## CodeParser


### Guide Pages

- [CodeParser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeParser/guide/CodeParser.en.md): CodeParser is a package for parsing Wolfram Language code.

### Reference Pages

- [CodeConcreteParse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeParser/ref/CodeConcreteParse.en.md): CodeConcreteParse[code] parses a string of WL code returning a concrete syntax tree. CodeConcreteParse[File[src]] parses a file of WL code returning a concrete syntax tree.
- [CodeParse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeParser/ref/CodeParse.en.md): CodeParse[code] parses a string of WL code returning an abstract syntax tree. CodeParse[File[src]] parses a file of WL code returning an abstract syntax tree.
- [CodeTokenize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeParser/ref/CodeTokenize.en.md): CodeTokenize[code] tokenizes a string of WL code returning a list of tokens. CodeTokenize[File[src]] tokenizes a file of WL code returning a list of tokens.
- [SourceConvention](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeParser/ref/SourceConvention.en.md): SourceConvention is an option for various parsing functions which specifies how to represent the Source metadata of syntax trees.
- [Source](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CodeParser/ref/Source.en.md): Source is a key for node metadata indicating where the node originated.

## Combinatorica


### Guide Pages

- [Built-in Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/BuiltinGraphs.en.md): 
- [Combinatorica Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/CombinatoricaPackage.en.md): 
- [Constructing Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/ConstructingGraphs.en.md): 
- [Cycles and Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/CyclesAndConnectivity.en.md): 
- [Displaying Graphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/DisplayingGraphs.en.md): 
- [Graph Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/GraphAlgorithms.en.md): 
- [Graph Construction and Representations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/GraphConstructionAndRepresentations.en.md): 
- [Graph Properties](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/GraphProperties.en.md): 
- [Partitions and Compositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/PartitionsAndCompositions.en.md): 
- [Permutation Groups](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/PermutationGroups.en.md): 
- [Permutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/Permutations.en.md): 
- [Subsets and Cycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/SubsetsAndCycles.en.md): 
- [Subsets and Permutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/guide/SubsetsAndPermutations.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AcyclicQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AcyclicQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AddEdge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AddEdge.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AddEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AddEdges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AddVertex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AddVertex.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AddVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AddVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Algorithm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Algorithm.en.md): Algorithm is an option that informs functions such as ShortestPath, VertexColoring, and VertexCover about which algorithm to use.
- [AllPairsShortestPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AllPairsShortestPath.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AlternatingGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AlternatingGroup.en.md): AlternatingGroup[n] generates the set of even-size n permutations, the alternating group on n symbols. AlternatingGroup[l] generates the set of even permutations of the list l.
- [AlternatingGroupIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AlternatingGroupIndex.en.md): AlternatingGroupIndex[n, x] gives the cycle index of the alternating group of size n permutations as a polynomial in the symbols x[1], x[2], ..., x[n]}.
- [AlternatingPaths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AlternatingPaths.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AnimateGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AnimateGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [AntiSymmetricQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/AntiSymmetricQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Approximate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Approximate.en.md): Approximate is a value that the option Algorithm can take in calls to functions such as VertexCover, telling it to use an approximation algorithm.
- [ApproximateVertexCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ApproximateVertexCover.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ArticulationVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ArticulationVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Automorphisms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Automorphisms.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Backtrack](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Backtrack.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BellmanFord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BellmanFord.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BiconnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BiconnectedComponents.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BiconnectedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BiconnectedQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BinarySearch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BinarySearch.en.md): BinarySearch[l, k] searches sorted list l for key k and gives the position of l containing k, if k is present in l. Otherwise, if k is absent in l, the function returns (p + 1/2) where k falls between the elements of l in positions p and p + 1. BinarySearch[l, k, f] gives the position of k in the list obtained from l by applying f to each element in l.
- [BinarySubsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BinarySubsets.en.md): BinarySubsets[l] gives all subsets of l ordered according to the binary string defining each subset. For any positive integer n, BinarySubsets[n] gives all subsets of {1, 2, ..., n} ordered according to the binary string defining each subset.
- [BipartiteMatchingAndCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BipartiteMatchingAndCover.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BipartiteMatching](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BipartiteMatching.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BipartiteQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BipartiteQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BooleanAlgebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BooleanAlgebra.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BreadthFirstTraversal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BreadthFirstTraversal.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BrelazColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/BrelazColoring.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Brelaz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Brelaz.en.md): Brelaz is a value that the option Algorithm can take when used in the function VertexColoring.
- [Bridges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Bridges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ButterflyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ButterflyGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CageGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CageGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CartesianProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CartesianProduct.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ChangeEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ChangeEdges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ChangeVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ChangeVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ChromaticNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ChromaticNumber.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ChromaticPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ChromaticPolynomial.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ChvatalGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ChvatalGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CirculantGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CirculantGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CircularEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CircularEmbedding.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CircularVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CircularVertices.en.md): In Version 6.0, CircularVertices has been superseded by CircularEmbedding.
- [CliqueQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CliqueQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CoarserSetPartitionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CoarserSetPartitionQ.en.md): CoarserSetPartitionQ[a, b] yields True if set partition b is coarser than set partition a; that is, every block in a is contained in some block in b.
- [CodeToLabeledTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CodeToLabeledTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Cofactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Cofactor.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CompleteBinaryTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CompleteBinaryTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CompleteGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CompleteGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CompleteKaryTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CompleteKaryTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CompleteKPartiteGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CompleteKPartiteGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CompleteQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CompleteQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Compositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Compositions.en.md): Compositions[n, k] gives a list of all compositions of integer n into k parts.
- [ConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ConnectedComponents.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ConnectedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ConnectedQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ConstructTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ConstructTableau.en.md): ConstructTableau[p] performs the bumping algorithm repeatedly on each element of permutation p, resulting in a distinct Young tableau.
- [Contract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Contract.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CostOfPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CostOfPath.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CoxeterGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CoxeterGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CubeConnectedCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CubeConnectedCycle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CubicalGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CubicalGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Cut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Cut.en.md): Cut is a tag that can be used in a call to NetworkFlow to tell it to return the minimum cut.
- [Cycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Cycle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CycleIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CycleIndex.en.md): CycleIndex[pg, x] returns the polynomial in x[1], x[2], ..., x[index[pg]] that is the cycle index of the permutation group pg. Here index[pg] refers to the length of each permutation in pg.
- [Cycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Cycles.en.md): Cycles is an optional argument for the function Involutions.
- [CycleStructure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CycleStructure.en.md): CycleStructure[p, x] returns the monomial in x[1], x[2], ..., x[Length[p]] that is the cycle structure of the permutation p.
- [Cyclic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Cyclic.en.md): Cyclic is an argument to the Polya-theoretic functions ListNecklaces, NumberOfNecklaces, and NecklacePolynomial, which count or enumerate distinct necklaces. Cyclic refers to the cyclic group acting on necklaces to make equivalent necklaces that can be obtained from each other by rotation.
- [CyclicGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CyclicGroup.en.md): CyclicGroup[n] returns the cyclic group of permutations on n symbols.
- [CyclicGroupIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/CyclicGroupIndex.en.md): CyclicGroupIndex[n, x] returns the cycle index of the cyclic group on n symbols, expressed as a polynomial in x[1], x[2], ..., x[n].
- [DeBruijnGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeBruijnGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DeBruijnSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeBruijnSequence.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Degrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Degrees.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DegreeSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DegreeSequence.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DegreesOf2Neighborhood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DegreesOf2Neighborhood.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DeleteCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeleteCycle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DeleteEdge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeleteEdge.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DeleteEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeleteEdges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DeleteFromTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeleteFromTableau.en.md): DeleteFromTableau[t, r] deletes the last element of row r from Young tableau t.
- [DeleteVertex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeleteVertex.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DeleteVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DeleteVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DepthFirstTraversal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DepthFirstTraversal.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DerangementQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DerangementQ.en.md): DerangementQ[p] tests whether permutation p is a derangement, that is, a permutation without a fixed point.
- [Derangements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Derangements.en.md): Derangements[p] constructs all derangements of permutation p.
- [Diameter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Diameter.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Dihedral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Dihedral.en.md): Dihedral is an argument to the Polya-theoretic functions ListNecklaces, NumberOfNecklaces, and NecklacePolynomial, which count or enumerate distinct necklaces. Dihedral refers to the dihedral group acting on necklaces to make equivalent necklaces that can be obtained from each other by a rotation or a flip.
- [DihedralGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DihedralGroup.en.md): DihedralGroup[n] returns the dihedral group on n symbols. Note that the order of this group is 2 n.
- [DihedralGroupIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DihedralGroupIndex.en.md): DihedralGroupIndex[n, x] returns the cycle index of the dihedral group on n symbols, expressed as a polynomial in x[1], x[2], ..., x[n].
- [Dijkstra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Dijkstra.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DilateVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DilateVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Directed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Directed.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Distances](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Distances.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DistinctPermutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DistinctPermutations.en.md): DistinctPermutations[l] gives all permutations of the multiset described by list l.
- [Distribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Distribution.en.md): Distribution[l, set] lists the frequency of each element of set in list l.
- [DodecahedralGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DodecahedralGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DominatingIntegerPartitionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DominatingIntegerPartitionQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DominationLattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DominationLattice.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DurfeeSquare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/DurfeeSquare.en.md): DurfeeSquare[p] gives the number of rows involved in the Durfee square of partition p, the side of the largest-sized square contained within the Ferrers diagram of p.
- [Eccentricity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Eccentricity.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeChromaticNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeChromaticNumber.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeColor.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeColoring.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeConnectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeConnectivity.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeDirection.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Edge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Edge.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeLabelColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeLabelColor.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeLabel.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeLabelPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeLabelPosition.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Edges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Edges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeStyle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EdgeWeight.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EmptyGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EmptyGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EmptyQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EmptyQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EncroachingListSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EncroachingListSet.en.md): EncroachingListSet[p] constructs the encroaching list set associated with permutation p.
- [EquivalenceClasses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EquivalenceClasses.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EquivalenceRelationQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EquivalenceRelationQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Equivalences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Equivalences.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Euclidean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Euclidean.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EulerianCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EulerianCycle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Eulerian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Eulerian.en.md): Eulerian[n, k] gives the number of permutations of length n with k runs.
- [EulerianQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/EulerianQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ExactRandomGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ExactRandomGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ExpandGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ExpandGraph.en.md): In Version 6.0, ExpandGraph has been superseded by AddVertices.
- [ExtractCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ExtractCycles.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FerrersDiagram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FerrersDiagram.en.md): FerrersDiagram[p] draws a Ferrers diagram of integer partition p.
- [FindCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FindCycle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FindSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FindSet.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FiniteGraphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FiniteGraphs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FirstLexicographicTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FirstLexicographicTableau.en.md): FirstLexicographicTableau[p] constructs the first Young tableau with a shape described by partition p.
- [FolkmanGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FolkmanGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FranklinGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FranklinGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FromAdjacencyLists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FromAdjacencyLists.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FromAdjacencyMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FromAdjacencyMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FromCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FromCycles.en.md): FromCycles[{c1, c2, ...}] gives the permutation that has the given cycle structure.
- [FromInversionVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FromInversionVector.en.md): FromInversionVector[v] reconstructs the unique permutation with inversion vector v.
- [FromOrderedPairs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FromOrderedPairs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FromUnorderedPairs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FromUnorderedPairs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FruchtGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FruchtGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FunctionalGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/FunctionalGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GeneralizedPetersenGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GeneralizedPetersenGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GetEdgeLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GetEdgeLabels.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GetEdgeWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GetEdgeWeights.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GetVertexLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GetVertexLabels.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GetVertexWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GetVertexWeights.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Girth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Girth.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphCenter.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphComplement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphComplement.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphDifference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphDifference.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Graph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Graph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphicQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphicQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphIntersection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphIntersection.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphJoin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphJoin.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphOptions.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphPolynomial.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphPower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphPower.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphProduct.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphSum.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GraphUnion.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GrayCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GrayCode.en.md): In Version 6.0, GrayCode has been superseded by GrayCodeSubsets.
- [GrayCodeKSubsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GrayCodeKSubsets.en.md): GrayCodeKSubsets[l, k] generates k-subsets of l in Gray code order.
- [GrayCodeSubsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GrayCodeSubsets.en.md): GrayCodeSubsets[l] constructs a binary reflected Gray code on set l.
- [GrayGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GrayGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Greedy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Greedy.en.md): Greedy is a value that the option Algorithm can take in calls to functions such as VertexCover, telling the function to use a greedy algorithm.
- [GreedyVertexCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GreedyVertexCover.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GridGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GridGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GroetzschGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GroetzschGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GrotztschGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/GrotztschGraph.en.md): In Version 6.0, GrotztschGraph has been superseded by GroetzschGraph.
- [HamiltonianCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HamiltonianCycle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HamiltonianPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HamiltonianPath.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HamiltonianQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HamiltonianQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Harary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Harary.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HasseDiagram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HasseDiagram.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Heapify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Heapify.en.md): Heapify[p] builds a heap from permutation p.
- [HeapSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HeapSort.en.md): HeapSort[l] performs a heap sort on the items of list l.
- [HeawoodGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HeawoodGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HerschelGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HerschelGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HideCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HideCycles.en.md): HideCycles[c] canonically encodes the cycle structure c into a unique permutation.
- [HighlightedEdgeColors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HighlightedEdgeColors.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HighlightedEdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HighlightedEdgeStyle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HighlightedVertexColors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HighlightedVertexColors.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HighlightedVertexStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/HighlightedVertexStyle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Highlight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Highlight.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Hypercube](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Hypercube.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [IcosahedralGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IcosahedralGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [IdenticalQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IdenticalQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [IdentityPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IdentityPermutation.en.md): IdentityPermutation[n] gives the size-n identity permutation.
- [IncidenceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IncidenceMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [InDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InDegree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [IndependentSetQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IndependentSetQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Index](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Index.en.md): Index[p] gives the index of permutation p, the sum of all subscripts j such that p[[j]] is greater than p[[j + 1]].
- [InduceSubgraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InduceSubgraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [InitializeUnionFind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InitializeUnionFind.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [InsertIntoTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InsertIntoTableau.en.md): InsertIntoTableau[e, t] inserts integer e into Young tableau t using the bumping algorithm. InsertIntoTableau[e, t, All] inserts e into Young tableau t and returns the new tableau as well as the row whose size is expanded as a result of the insertion.
- [IntervalGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IntervalGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Invariants](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Invariants.en.md): Invariants is an option to the functions Isomorphism and IsomorphicQ that informs these functions about which vertex invariants to use in computing equivalences between vertices.
- [InversePermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InversePermutation.en.md): InversePermutation[p] yields the multiplicative inverse of permutation p.
- [InversionPoset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InversionPoset.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Inversions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Inversions.en.md): Inversions[p] counts the number of inversions in permutation p.
- [InvolutionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/InvolutionQ.en.md): InvolutionQ[p] yields True if permutation p is its own inverse.
- [Involutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Involutions.en.md): Involutions[l] gives the list of involutions of the elements in the list l. Involutions[l, Cycles] gives the involutions in their cycle representation. Involution[n] gives size-n involutions. Involutions[n, Cycles] gives size-n involutions in their cycle representation.
- [IsomorphicQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IsomorphicQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Isomorphism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Isomorphism.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [IsomorphismQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/IsomorphismQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Josephus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Josephus.en.md): Josephus[n, m] generates the inverse of the permutation defined by executing every m^th member in a circle of n members.
- [KnightsTourGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/KnightsTourGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [KSetPartitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/KSetPartitions.en.md): KSetPartitions[set, k] returns the list of set partitions of set with k blocks. KSetPartitions[n, k] returns the list of set partitions of {1, 2, ...} with k blocks. If all set partitions of a set are needed, use the function SetPartitions.
- [KSubsetGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/KSubsetGroup.en.md): KSubsetGroup[pg, s] returns the group induced by a permutation group pg on the set s of k-subsets of [n], where n is the index of pg. The optional argument Type can be Ordered or Unordered and, depending on the value of Type s, is treated as a set of k-subsets or k-tuples.
- [KSubsetGroupIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/KSubsetGroupIndex.en.md): KSubsetGroupIndex[g, s, x] returns the cycle index of the k-subset group on s expressed as a polynomial in x[1], x[2], .... This function also takes the optional argument Type, which tells the function whether the elements of s should be treated as sets or tuples.
- [KSubsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/KSubsets.en.md): KSubsets[l, k] gives all subsets of set l containing exactly k elements, ordered lexicographically.
- [LabeledTreeToCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LabeledTreeToCode.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LastLexicographicTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LastLexicographicTableau.en.md): LastLexicographicTableau[p] constructs the last Young tableau with shape described by partition p.
- [LeviGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LeviGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LexicographicPermutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LexicographicPermutations.en.md): LexicographicPermutations[l] constructs all permutations of list l in lexicographic order.
- [LexicographicSubsets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LexicographicSubsets.en.md): LexicographicSubsets[l] gives all subsets of set l in lexicographic order. LexicographicSubsets[n] returns all subsets of {1, 2, ..., n} in lexicographic order.
- [LineGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LineGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ListGraphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ListGraphs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ListNecklaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ListNecklaces.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LNorm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LNorm.en.md): LNorm[p] is a value that the option WeightingFunction, used in the function SetEdgeWeights, can take. Here p can be any integer or Infinity.
- [LongestIncreasingSubsequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LongestIncreasingSubsequence.en.md): LongestIncreasingSubsequence[p] finds the longest increasing scattered subsequence of permutation p.
- [LoopPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LoopPosition.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LowerLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LowerLeft.en.md): LowerLeft is a value that options VertexNumberPosition, VertexLabelPosition, and EdgeLabelPosition can take on in ShowGraph.
- [LowerRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/LowerRight.en.md): LowerRight is a value that options VertexNumberPosition, VertexLabelPosition, and EdgeLabelPosition can take on in ShowGraph.
- [MakeDirected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MakeDirected.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MakeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MakeGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MakeSimple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MakeSimple.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MakeUndirected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MakeUndirected.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximalMatching](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MaximalMatching.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximumAntichain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MaximumAntichain.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximumClique](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MaximumClique.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximumIndependentSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MaximumIndependentSet.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximumSpanningTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MaximumSpanningTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [McGeeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/McGeeGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [M](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/M.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MeredithGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MeredithGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MinimumChainPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MinimumChainPartition.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MinimumChangePermutations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MinimumChangePermutations.en.md): MinimumChangePermutations[l] constructs all permutations of list l such that adjacent permutations differ by only one transposition.
- [MinimumSpanningTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MinimumSpanningTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MinimumVertexColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MinimumVertexColoring.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MinimumVertexCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MinimumVertexCover.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MultipleEdgesQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MultipleEdgesQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MultiplicationTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MultiplicationTable.en.md): MultiplicationTable[l, f] constructs the complete transition table defined by the binary relation function f on the elements of list l.
- [MycielskiGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/MycielskiGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NecklacePolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NecklacePolynomial.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Neighborhood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Neighborhood.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NetworkFlowEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NetworkFlowEdges.en.md): In Version 6.0, NetworkFlowEdges has been superseded by NetworkFlow.
- [NetworkFlow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NetworkFlow.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NextBinarySubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextBinarySubset.en.md): NextBinarySubset[l, s] constructs the subset of l following subset s in the order obtained by interpreting subsets as binary string representations of integers.
- [NextComposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextComposition.en.md): NextComposition[l] constructs the integer composition that follows l in a canonical order.
- [NextGrayCodeSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextGrayCodeSubset.en.md): NextGrayCodeSubset[l, s] constructs the successor of s in the Gray code of set l.
- [NextKSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextKSubset.en.md): NextKSubset[l, s] gives the k-subset of list l, following the k-subset s in lexicographic order.
- [NextLexicographicSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextLexicographicSubset.en.md): NextLexicographicSubset[l, s] gives the lexicographic successor of subset s of set l.
- [NextPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextPartition.en.md): NextPartition[p] gives the integer partition following p in reverse lexicographic order.
- [NextPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextPermutation.en.md): NextPermutation[p] gives the permutation following p in lexicographic order.
- [NextSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextSubset.en.md): NextSubset[l, s] constructs the subset of l following subset s in canonical order.
- [NextTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NextTableau.en.md): NextTableau[t] gives the tableau of shape t, following t in lexicographic order.
- [NoMultipleEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NoMultipleEdges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NonLineGraphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NonLineGraphs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NoPerfectMatchingGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NoPerfectMatchingGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NormalDashed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NormalDashed.en.md): NormalDashed is a value that the option EdgeStyle can take on in the graph data structure or in ShowGraph.
- [NormalizeVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NormalizeVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NoSelfLoops](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NoSelfLoops.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NthPair](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NthPair.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NthPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NthPermutation.en.md): In Version 6.0, NthPermutation has been superseded by UnrankPermutation.
- [NthSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NthSubset.en.md): NthSubset[n, l] gives the n^th subset of list l in canonical order.
- [NumberOf2Paths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOf2Paths.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfCompositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfCompositions.en.md): NumberOfCompositions[n, k] counts the number of distinct compositions of integer n into k parts.
- [NumberOfDerangements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfDerangements.en.md): NumberOfDerangements[n] counts the derangements on n elements, that is, the permutations without any fixed points.
- [NumberOfDirectedGraphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfDirectedGraphs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfGraphs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfGraphs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfInvolutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfInvolutions.en.md): NumberOfInvolutions[n] counts the number of involutions on n elements.
- [NumberOfKPaths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfKPaths.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfNecklaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfNecklaces.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfPartitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfPartitions.en.md): NumberOfPartitions[n] counts the number of integer partitions of n.
- [NumberOfPermutationsByCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfPermutationsByCycles.en.md): NumberOfPermutationsByCycles[n, m] gives the number of permutations of length n with exactly m cycles.
- [NumberOfPermutationsByInversions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfPermutationsByInversions.en.md): NumberOfPermutationsByInversions[n, k] gives the number of permutations of length n with exactly k inversions. NumberOfPermutationsByInversions[n] gives a table of the number of length-n permutations with k inversions, for all k.
- [NumberOfPermutationsByType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfPermutationsByType.en.md): NumberOfPermutationsByTypes[l] gives the number of permutations of type l.
- [NumberOfSpanningTrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfSpanningTrees.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfTableaux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/NumberOfTableaux.en.md): NumberOfTableaux[p] uses the hook length formula to count the number of Young tableaux with shape defined by partition p.
- [OctahedralGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/OctahedralGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [OddGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/OddGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [One](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/One.en.md): One is a tag used in several functions to inform the functions that only one object need be considered or only one solution be produced, as opposed to all objects or all solutions.
- [Optimum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Optimum.en.md): Optimum is a value that the option Algorithm can take on when used in functions VertexColoring and VertexCover.
- [OrbitInventory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/OrbitInventory.en.md): OrbitInventory[ci, x, w] returns the value of the cycle index ci when each formal variable x[i] is replaced by w. OrbitInventory[ci, x, weights] returns the inventory of orbits induced on a set of functions by the action of a group with cycle index ci. It is assumed that each element in the range of the functions is assigned a weight in list weights.
- [OrbitRepresentatives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/OrbitRepresentatives.en.md): OrbitRepresentatives[pg, x] returns a representative of each orbit of x induced by the action of the group pg on x.
- [Orbits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Orbits.en.md): Orbits[pg, x] returns the orbits of x induced by the action of the group pg on x.
- [Ordered](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Ordered.en.md): Ordered is an option to the functions KSubsetGroup and KSubsetGroupIndex that tells the functions whether they should treat the input as sets or tuples.
- [OrientGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/OrientGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [OutDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/OutDegree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PairGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PairGroup.en.md): PairGroup[g] returns the group induced on 2-sets by the permutation group g. PairGroup[g, Ordered] returns the group induced on ordered pairs with distinct elements by the permutation group g.
- [PairGroupIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PairGroupIndex.en.md): PairGroupIndex[g, x] returns the cycle index of the pair group induced by g as a polynomial in x[1], x[2], .... PairGroupIndex[ci, x] takes the cycle index ci of a group g with formal variables x[1], x[2], ..., and returns the cycle index of the pair group induced by g. PairGroupIndex[g, x, Ordered] returns the cycle index of the ordered pair group induced by g as a polynomial in x[1], x[2], .... PairGroupIndex[ci, x, Ordered] takes the cycle index ci of a group g with formal variables x[1], ...
- [Parent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Parent.en.md): Parent is a tag used as an argument to the function AllPairsShortestPath in order to inform this function that information about parents in the shortest paths is also wanted.
- [ParentsToPaths](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ParentsToPaths.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PartialOrderQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PartialOrderQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PartitionLattice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PartitionLattice.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PartitionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PartitionQ.en.md): PartitionQ[p] yields True if p is an integer partition. PartitionQ[n, p] yields True if p is a partition of n.
- [Partitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Partitions.en.md): Partitions[n] constructs all partitions of integer n in reverse lexicographic order. Partitions[n, k] constructs all partitions of the integer n with maximum part at most k, in reverse lexicographic order.
- [PathConditionGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PathConditionGraph.en.md): PathConditionGraph is obsolete. This functionality is no longer supported in Combinatorica.
- [Path](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Path.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica Package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PerfectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PerfectQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PermutationGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermutationGraph.en.md): PermutationGraph[p] gives the permutation graph for the permutation p.
- [PermutationGroupQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermutationGroupQ.en.md): PermutationGroupQ[l] yields True if the list of permutations l forms a permutation group.
- [PermutationQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermutationQ.en.md): PermutationQ[p] yields True if p is a list representing a permutation and False otherwise.
- [PermutationToTableaux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermutationToTableaux.en.md): PermutationToTableaux[p] returns the tableaux pair that can be constructed from p using the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence.
- [PermutationType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermutationType.en.md): PermutationType[p] returns the type of permutation p.
- [PermutationWithCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermutationWithCycle.en.md): PermutationWithCycle[n, {i, j, ...}] gives a size n permutation in which {i, j, ...} is a cycle and all other elements are fixed points.
- [Permute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Permute.en.md): Permute[l, p] permutes list l according to permutation p.
- [PermuteSubgraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PermuteSubgraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PetersenGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PetersenGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PlanarQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PlanarQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PointsAndLines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PointsAndLines.en.md): PointsAndLines is now obsolete.
- [Polya](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Polya.en.md): In Version 6.0, Polya has been superseded by OrbitInventory.
- [PseudographQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/PseudographQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RadialEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RadialEmbedding.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Radius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Radius.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RandomComposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomComposition.en.md): RandomComposition[n, k] constructs a random composition of integer n into k parts.
- [RandomGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RandomHeap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomHeap.en.md): RandomHeap[n] constructs a random heap on n elements.
- [RandomInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomInteger.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica Package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RandomKSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomKSetPartition.en.md): RandomKSetPartition[set, k] returns a random set partition of set with k blocks. RandomKSetPartition[n, k] returns a random set partition of the first n natural numbers into k blocks.
- [RandomKSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomKSubset.en.md): RandomKSubset[l, k] gives a random subset of set l with exactly k elements.
- [RandomPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomPartition.en.md): RandomPartition[n] constructs a random partition of integer n.
- [RandomPermutation1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomPermutation1.en.md): In Version 6.0, RandomPermutation1 has been superseded by RandomPermutation.
- [RandomPermutation2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomPermutation2.en.md): In Version 6.0, RandomPermutation2 has been superseded by RandomPermutation.
- [RandomPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomPermutation.en.md): RandomPermutation[n] generates a random permutation of the first n natural numbers.
- [RandomRGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomRGF.en.md): RandomRGF[n] returns a random restricted growth function (RGF) defined on the first n natural numbers. RandomRGF[n, k] returns a random RGF defined on the first n natural numbers having maximum element equal to k.
- [RandomSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomSetPartition.en.md): RandomSetPartition[set] returns a random set partition of set. RandomSetPartition[n] returns a random set partition of the first n natural numbers.
- [RandomSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomSubset.en.md): RandomSubset[l] creates a random subset of set l.
- [RandomTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomTableau.en.md): RandomTableau[p] constructs a random Young tableau of shape p.
- [RandomTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RandomVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RandomVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RankBinarySubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankBinarySubset.en.md): RankBinarySubset[l, s] gives the rank of subset s of set l in the ordering of subsets of l, obtained by interpreting these subsets as binary string representations of integers.
- [RankedEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankedEmbedding.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RankGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RankGrayCodeSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankGrayCodeSubset.en.md): RankGrayCodeSubset[l, s] gives the rank of subset s of set l in the Gray code ordering of the subsets of l.
- [RankKSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankKSetPartition.en.md): RankKSetPartition[sp, s] ranks sp in the list of all k-block set partitions of s. RankSetPartition[sp] ranks sp in the list of all k-block set partitions of the set of elements that appear in any subset in sp.
- [RankKSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankKSubset.en.md): RankKSubset[s, l] gives the rank of k-subset s of set l in the lexicographic ordering of the k-subsets of l.
- [RankPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankPermutation.en.md): RankPermutation[p] gives the rank of permutation p in lexicographic order.
- [RankRGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankRGF.en.md): RankRGF[f] returns the rank of a restricted growth function (RGF) f in the lexicographic order of all RGFs.
- [RankSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankSetPartition.en.md): RankSetPartition[sp, s] ranks sp in the list of all set partitions of set s. RankSetPartition[sp] ranks sp in the list of all set partitions of the set of elements that appear in any subset in sp.
- [RankSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RankSubset.en.md): RankSubset[l, s] gives the rank, in canonical order, of subset s of set l.
- [ReadGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ReadGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RealizeDegreeSequence](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RealizeDegreeSequence.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ReflexiveQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ReflexiveQ.en.md): ReflexiveQ[g] yields True if the adjacency matrix of g represents a reflexive binary relation.
- [RegularGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RegularGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RegularQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RegularQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RemoveMultipleEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RemoveMultipleEdges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RemoveSelfLoops](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RemoveSelfLoops.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ResidualFlowGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ResidualFlowGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RevealCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RevealCycles.en.md): RevealCycles[p] unveils the canonical hidden cycle structure of permutation p.
- [ReverseEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ReverseEdges.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RGFQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RGFQ.en.md): RGFQ[l] yields True if l is a restricted growth function. It yields False otherwise.
- [RGFs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RGFs.en.md): RGFs[n] lists all restricted growth functions on the first n natural numbers in lexicographic order.
- [RGFToSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RGFToSetPartition.en.md): RGFToSetPartition[rgf, set] converts the restricted growth function rgf into the corresponding set partition of set.
- [RobertsonGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RobertsonGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RootedEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RootedEmbedding.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RotateVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/RotateVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Runs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Runs.en.md): Runs[p] partitions p into contiguous increasing subsequences.
- [SamenessRelation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SamenessRelation.en.md): SamenessRelation[l] constructs a binary relation from a list l of permutations, which is an equivalence relation if l is a permutation group.
- [SelectionSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SelectionSort.en.md): SelectionSort[l, f] sorts list l using ordering function f.
- [SelfComplementaryQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SelfComplementaryQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SelfLoopsQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SelfLoopsQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SetEdgeLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetEdgeLabels.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SetEdgeWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetEdgeWeights.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SetGraphOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetGraphOptions.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SetPartitionListViaRGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetPartitionListViaRGF.en.md): SetPartitionListViaRGF[n] lists all set partitions of the first n natural numbers by first listing all restricted growth functions (RGFs) on these and then mapping the RGFs to corresponding set partitions. SetPartitionListViaRGF[n, k] lists all RGFs on the first n natural numbers whose maximum element is k and then maps these RGFs into the corresponding set partitions, all of which contain exactly k blocks.
- [SetPartitionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetPartitionQ.en.md): SetPartitionQ[sp, s] determines if sp is a set partition of set s. SetPartitionQ[sp] tests if sp is a set of disjoint sets.
- [SetPartitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetPartitions.en.md): SetPartitions[set] returns the list of set partitions of set. SetPartitions[n] returns the list of set partitions of {1, 2, ..., n}.
- [SetPartitionToRGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetPartitionToRGF.en.md): SetPartitionToRGF[sp, set] converts the set partition sp of set into the corresponding restricted growth function.
- [SetVertexLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetVertexLabels.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SetVertexWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SetVertexWeights.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShakeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShakeGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShortestPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShortestPath.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShortestPathSpanningTree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShortestPathSpanningTree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShowGraphArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShowGraphArray.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShowGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShowGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShowLabeledGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShowLabeledGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShuffleExchangeGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ShuffleExchangeGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SignaturePermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SignaturePermutation.en.md): SignaturePermutation[p] gives the signature of permutation p.
- [SimpleQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SimpleQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SmallestCyclicGroupGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SmallestCyclicGroupGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Spectrum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Spectrum.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SpringEmbedding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SpringEmbedding.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [StableMarriage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/StableMarriage.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Star](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Star.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [StirlingFirst](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/StirlingFirst.en.md): In Version 6.0, StirlingFirst has been superseded by StirlingS1.
- [StirlingSecond](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/StirlingSecond.en.md): StirlingSecond[n, k] returns the Stirling number of the second kind.
- [Strings](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Strings.en.md): Strings[l, n] constructs all possible combinatorial strings of length n from the elements of list l.
- [Strong](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Strong.en.md): Strong is an option to ConnectedQ that seeks to determine if a directed graph is strongly connected.
- [StronglyConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/StronglyConnectedComponents.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [SymmetricGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SymmetricGroup.en.md): SymmetricGroup[n] returns the symmetric group on n symbols.
- [SymmetricGroupIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SymmetricGroupIndex.en.md): SymmetricGroupIndex[n, x] returns the cycle index of the symmetric group on n symbols, expressed as a polynomial in x[1], x[2], ..., x[n].
- [SymmetricQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/SymmetricQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TableauClasses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TableauClasses.en.md): TableauClasses[p] partitions the elements of permutation p into classes, according to their initial columns during Young tableaux construction.
- [TableauQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TableauQ.en.md): TableauQ[t] yields True if and only if t represents a Young tableau.
- [Tableaux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Tableaux.en.md): Tableaux[p] constructs all tableaux having a shape given by integer partition p.
- [TableauxToPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TableauxToPermutation.en.md): TableauxToPermutation[t1, t2] constructs the unique permutation associated with Young tableaux t1 and t2, where both tableaux have the same shape.
- [TetrahedralGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TetrahedralGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ThickDashed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ThickDashed.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Thick](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Thick.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ThinDashed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ThinDashed.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Thin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Thin.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ThomassenGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ThomassenGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ToAdjacencyLists](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToAdjacencyLists.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ToAdjacencyMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToAdjacencyMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ToCanonicalSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToCanonicalSetPartition.en.md): ToCanonicalSetPartition[sp, set] reorders sp into a canonical order with respect to set. ToCanonicalSetPartition[sp] reorders sp into canonical order, assuming that the Wolfram Language knows the underlying order on the set for which sp is a set partition.
- [ToCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToCycles.en.md): ToCycles[p] gives the cycle structure of permutation p as a list of cyclic permutations.
- [ToInversionVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToInversionVector.en.md): ToInversionVector[p] gives the inversion vector associated with permutation p.
- [ToOrderedPairs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToOrderedPairs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TopologicalSort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TopologicalSort.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ToUnorderedPairs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/ToUnorderedPairs.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TransitiveClosure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TransitiveClosure.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TransitiveQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TransitiveQ.en.md): TransitiveQ[g] yields True if graph g defines a transitive relation.
- [TransitiveReduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TransitiveReduction.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TranslateVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TranslateVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TransposePartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TransposePartition.en.md): TransposePartition[p] reflects a partition p of k parts along the main diagonal, creating a partition with maximum part k.
- [TransposeTableau](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TransposeTableau.en.md): TransposeTableau[t] reflects a Young tableau t along the main diagonal, creating a different tableau.
- [TravelingSalesmanBounds](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TravelingSalesmanBounds.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TravelingSalesman](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TravelingSalesman.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Tree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Tree.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TreeIsomorphismQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TreeIsomorphismQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TreeQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TreeToCertificate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TreeToCertificate.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TriangleInequalityQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TriangleInequalityQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Turan](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Turan.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TutteGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TutteGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TwoColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/TwoColoring.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Undirected](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Undirected.en.md): Undirected is an option to inform certain functions that the graph is undirected.
- [UndirectedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UndirectedQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [UnionSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnionSet.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Uniquely3ColorableGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Uniquely3ColorableGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [UnitransitiveGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnitransitiveGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [UnrankBinarySubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankBinarySubset.en.md): UnrankBinarySubset[n, l] gives the n^th subset of list l, listed in increasing order of integers corresponding to the binary representations of the subsets.
- [UnrankGrayCodeSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankGrayCodeSubset.en.md): UnrankGrayCodeSubset[n, l] gives the n^th subset of list l, listed in Gray code order.
- [UnrankKSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankKSetPartition.en.md): UnrankSetPartition[r, s, k] finds a k-block set partition of s with rank r. UnrankSetPartition[r, n, k] finds a k-block set partition of {1, 2, ..., n} with rank r.
- [UnrankKSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankKSubset.en.md): UnrankKSubset[m, k, l] gives the m^th k-subset of set l, listed in lexicographic order.
- [UnrankPermutation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankPermutation.en.md): UnrankPermutation[r, l] gives the r^th permutation in the lexicographic list of permutations of list l. UnrankPermutation[r, n] gives the r^th permutation in the lexicographic list of permutations of {1, 2, ..., n}.
- [UnrankRGF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankRGF.en.md): UnrankRGF[r, n] returns a restricted growth function defined on the first n natural numbers whose rank is r.
- [UnrankSetPartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankSetPartition.en.md): UnrankSetPartition[r, set] finds a set partition of set with rank r. UnrankSetPartition[r, n] finds a set partition of {1, 2, ..., n} with rank r.
- [UnrankSubset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnrankSubset.en.md): UnrankSubset[n, l] gives the n^th subset of list l, listed in some canonical order.
- [UnweightedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UnweightedQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [UpperLeft](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UpperLeft.en.md): UpperLeft is a value that options VertexNumberPosition, VertexLabelPosition, and EdgeLabelPosition can take on in ShowGraph.
- [UpperRight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/UpperRight.en.md): UpperRight is a value that options VertexNumberPosition, VertexLabelPosition, and EdgeLabelPosition can take on in ShowGraph.
- [V](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/V.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexColor.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexColoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexColoring.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexConnectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexConnectivity.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexConnectivityGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexConnectivityGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexCover](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexCover.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexCoverQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexCoverQ.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexLabelColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexLabelColor.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexLabel.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexLabelPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexLabelPosition.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexNumberColor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexNumberColor.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexNumber.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexNumberPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexNumberPosition.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexStyle.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/VertexWeight.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Vertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Vertices.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [WaltherGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/WaltherGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Weak](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Weak.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [WeaklyConnectedComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/WeaklyConnectedComponents.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [WeightingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/WeightingFunction.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [WeightRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/WeightRange.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Wheel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Wheel.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [WriteGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/WriteGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Zoom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/ref/Zoom.en.md): As of Version 10, most of the functionality of the Combinatorica package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Combinatorica](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Combinatorica/tutorial/Combinatorica.en.md): Combinatorica extends the Wolfram Language by over 450 functions in combinatorics and graph theory. It includes functions for constructing graphs and other combinatorial objects, computing invariants of these objects, and finally displaying them. This documentation covers only a subset of these functions. The best guide to this package is the book Computational Discrete Mathematics: Combinatorics and Graph Theory with Mathematica, by Steven Skiena and Sriram Pemmaraju, published by Cambridge ...

## Compatibility


### Guide Pages

- [Standard Package Compatibility Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/StandardPackageCompatibilityGuide.en.md): 

#### Algebra

- [Algebra` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Algebra/AlgebraUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### Calculus

- [Calculus` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Calculus/CalculusUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### DiscreteMath

- [DiscreteMath` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/DiscreteMath/DiscreteMathUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### Geometry

- [Geometry` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Geometry/GeometryUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### Graphics

- [Graphics` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Graphics/GraphicsUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### LinearAlgebra

- [LinearAlgebra` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/LinearAlgebra/LinearAlgebraUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### Miscellaneous

- [Miscellaneous` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Miscellaneous/MiscellaneousUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### NumberTheory

- [NumberTheory` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/NumberTheory/NumberTheoryUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### NumericalMath

- [NumericalMath` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/NumericalMath/NumericalMathUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### Statistics

- [Statistics` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Statistics/StatisticsUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

#### Utilities

- [Utilities` Upgrading Information](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/guide/Utilities/UtilitiesUpgradingInformation.en.md): 

### Tutorials

- [BarCharts`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/BarCharts.en.md): As of Version 7, the Bar Charts Package has been integrated into the Wolfram System.
- [Combinatorica`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Combinatorica.en.md): As of Version 10, much of the functionality covered by Combinatorica has been implemented in the Wolfram System. BooleanAlgebra CodeToLabeledTree HasseDiagram IntervalGraph LabeledTreeToCode ListGraphs MakeGraph PermutationGraph RandomTree ShuffleExchangeGraph VertexConnectivityGraph
- [ComputationalGeometry`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/ComputationalGeometry.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [FourierSeries`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/FourierSeries.en.md): FourierSeries, FourierTrigSeries, and FourierCoefficient are part of the Mathematica kernel. FourierSinCoefficient and FourierCosCoefficient are now in the built-in Mathematica kernel. DTFourierTransform has been renamed to FourierSequenceTransform. InverseDTFourierTransform has been renamed to InverseFourierSequenceTransform. The numerical functions, such as NFourierTransform, are still available in the Fourier Series Package. The default value of the FourierParameters option has changed for ...
- [Geodesy`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Geodesy.en.md): As of Version 7, the Geodesy Package has been integrated into the Wolfram System.
- [GraphUtilities`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/GraphUtilities.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [Histograms`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Histograms.en.md): As of Version 7, the Histograms Package has been integrated into the Wolfram System.
- [HypothesisTesting`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/HypothesisTesting.en.md): MeanTest is superseded by the Mathematica kernel functions LocationTest, TTest, and ZTest. MeanDifferenceTest is superseded by the Mathematica kernel functions LocationTest, TTest, and ZTest. VarianceTest is superseded by the Mathematica kernel functions VarianceTest and FisherRatioTest. VarianceRatioTest is superseded by the Mathematica kernel functions VarianceTest and FisherRatioTest. Confidence interval and p-value functions, such as NormalCI and NormalPValue, are still available in the ...
- [LinearRegression`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/LinearRegression.en.md): Regress and DesignedRegress are now available using the built-in function LinearModelFit. The function DesignMatrix has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. The option BasisNames is now an optional argument to LinearModelFit. The option IncludeConstant has been renamed to IncludeConstantBasis.
- [MultivariateStatistics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/MultivariateStatistics.en.md): MultiPoissonDistribution has been renamed to MultivariatePoissonDistribution and is part of the built-in Mathematica kernel. HotellingTSquareDistribution has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. MultinormalDistribution has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. MultivariateTDistribution has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. MultinomialDistribution and NegativeMultinomialDistribution are now in the built-in kernel. PrincipalComponents has been added to the ...
- [NonlinearRegression`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NonlinearRegression.en.md): NonlinearRegress functionality is now available using the built-in function NonlinearModelFit.
- [PhysicalConstants`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/PhysicalConstants.en.md): As of Version 9, the new units framework can be used via Quantity in place of the PhysicalConstants`package.
- [PieCharts`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/PieCharts.en.md): As of Version 7, the Pie Charts Package has been integrated into the Wolfram System.
- [PlotLegends`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/PlotLegends.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [RegressionCommon`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/RegressionCommon.en.md): RegressionReport and related symbols have been replaced by FittedModel properties. Weights has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Ellipsoid is now available in the Multivariate Statistics Package.
- [Units`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Units.en.md): As of Version 9, the new units framework can be used via Quantity in place of the Units` package.
- [VectorAnalysis`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/VectorAnalysis.en.md): As of Version 9, the functionality of the Vector Analysis Package has been integrated into the Wolfram System.
- [VectorFieldPlots`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/VectorFieldPlots.en.md): As of Version 7, the Vector Field Plotting Package has been integrated into the Wolfram System.
- [WaveletExplorer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/WaveletExplorer.en.md): As of Version 8, the functionality of the Wavelet Explorer add-on has been integrated into the Wolfram System.

#### Algebra

- [Algebra`AlgebraicInequalities`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/AlgebraicInequalities.en.md): New function SemialgebraicComponentInstances has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Algebra`FiniteFields`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/FiniteFields.en.md): The functionality of Algebra`FiniteFields` is now available in the newly created Finite Fields Package.
- [Algebra`Horner`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/Horner.en.md): New function HornerForm has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Algebra`InequalitySolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/InequalitySolve.en.md): The built-in function Reduce provides the functionality previously found in Algebra`InequalitySolve`.
- [Algebra`PolynomialContinuedFractions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/PolynomialContinuedFractions.en.md): Algebra`PolynomialContinuedFractions` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6853.
- [Algebra`PolynomialExtendedGCD`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/PolynomialExtendedGCD.en.md): New function PolynomialExtendedGCD has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Algebra`PolynomialPowerMod`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/PolynomialPowerMod.en.md): The functionality of PolynomialPowerMod is now available in the kernel function PolynomialRemainder. Modulus is now an option to the kernel functions PolynomialQuotient and PolynomialRemainder. The original package is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6758.
- [Algebra`Quaternions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/Quaternions.en.md): All the functionality in Algebra`Quaternions` is available in the newly created Quaternions Package.
- [Algebra`ReIm`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/ReIm.en.md): Algebra`ReIm` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6759.
- [Algebra`RootIsolation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/RootIsolation.en.md): New functions CountRoots, IsolatingInterval, and RootIntervals have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. IsolatingInterval includes the functionality of ContractInterval from Version 5.2. RootIntervals incorporates the functionality of RealRootIntervals and ComplexRootIntervals from Version 5.2.
- [Algebra`SymmetricPolynomials`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Algebra/SymmetricPolynomials.en.md): New functions SymmetricPolynomial and SymmetricReduction have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.

#### Calculus

- [Calculus`DSolveIntegrals`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Calculus/DSolveIntegrals.en.md): The functionality of Calculus`DSolveIntegrals` is now available in the built-in Mathematica kernel function DSolve.
- [Calculus`FourierTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Calculus/FourierTransform.en.md): The symbolic functions in Calculus`FourierTransform` have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. The numerical functionality in Calculus`FourierTransform` is now available through the newly created Fourier Series Package.
- [Calculus`Pade`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Calculus/Pade.en.md): PadeApproximant has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. EconomizedRationalApproximation is now available in the newly created Function Approximations Package.
- [Calculus`VariationalMethods`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Calculus/VariationalMethods.en.md): All the functionality in Calculus`VariationalMethods` is now available through the newly created Variational Methods Package.

#### DiscreteMath

- [DiscreteMath`CombinatorialFunctions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/CombinatorialFunctions.en.md): CatalanNumber and Subfactorial have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. CatalanNumber and Subfactorial can now be evaluated numerically for noninteger arguments. Subfactorial now accepts complex arguments.
- [DiscreteMath`Combinatorica`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/Combinatorica.en.md): All the functionality in DiscreteMath`Combinatorica` is available in the newly created Combinatorica Package.
- [DiscreteMath`ComputationalGeometry`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/ComputationalGeometry.en.md): All the functionality in DiscreteMath`ComputationalGeometry` is available through the new Computational Geometry Package.
- [DiscreteMath`GraphPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/GraphPlot.en.md): GraphPlot functionality is now available in the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel functions GraphPlot and LayeredGraphPlot. GraphPlot3D is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function GraphPlot3D. TreePlot is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function TreePlot. GraphDistance, PseudoDiameter, MaximalBipartiteMatching, MaximalIndependentVertexSet, MaximalIndependentEdgeSet, MinCut, StrongComponents, and VertexList are now available ...
- [DiscreteMath`IntegerPartitions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/IntegerPartitions.en.md): DiscreteMath`IntegerPartitions` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6762. The functionality of IntegerPartitions can be obtained using the new kernel function IntegerPartitions.
- [DiscreteMath`RSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/RSolve.en.md): The functionality is now available in built-in Mathematica kernel functions RSolve, ZTransform, and Sum. The built-in kernel function SeriesCoefficient now contains the functionality for SeriesTerm.
- [DiscreteMath`Tree`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/DiscreteMath/Tree.en.md): DiscreteMath`Tree` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6764.

#### Geometry

- [Geometry`Polytopes`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Geometry/Polytopes.en.md): Geometry`Polytopes` functionality is available in the kernel function PolyhedronData.
- [Geometry`Rotations`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Geometry/Rotations.en.md): All the functionality in Geometry`Rotations` is now available in the built-in Mathematica kernel function RotationTransform.

#### Graphics

- [Graphics`Animation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Animation.en.md): New functions Animate and ListAnimate have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. SpinShow is replaced by interactive rotation of three-dimensional graphics.
- [Graphics`ArgColors`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/ArgColors.en.md): ArgColor, ArgShade, and ColorCircle are obsolete, with simple definitions in terms of system functions.
- [Graphics`Arrow`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Arrow.en.md): Arrow has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. New directive Arrowheads has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`Colors`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Colors.en.md): Color names are available in the new kernel function ColorData.
- [Graphics`ComplexMap`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/ComplexMap.en.md): The new two-parameter form of ParametricPlot now provides the functionality of Graphics`ComplexMap`.
- [Graphics`ContourPlot3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/ContourPlot3D.en.md): ContourPlot3D and ListContourPlot3D have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`FilledPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/FilledPlot.en.md): Plot, ListPlot, and similar functions have new Filling and FillingStyle options.
- [Graphics`Graphics3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Graphics3D.en.md): ListPointPlot3D has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. ListSurfacePlot3D has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. BarChart3D has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Histogram3D has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`Graphics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Graphics.en.md): LogPlot, ListLogPlot, and related functions have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. PolarPlot and ListPolarPlot have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. GraphicsGrid has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. BarChart and related functions have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. PieChart has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Histogram has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. ErrorListPlot is available in the newly created ...
- [Graphics`ImplicitPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/ImplicitPlot.en.md): ContourPlot in the built-in Mathematica kernel now accepts equations.
- [Graphics`InequalityGraphics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/InequalityGraphics.en.md): New functions RegionPlot and RegionPlot3D have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. RegionPlot includes the functionality of InequalityPlot. RegionPlot3D includes the functionality of InequalityPlot3D.
- [Graphics`Legend`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Legend.en.md): The functionality of Graphics`Legend` is now available from Plot Legends Package.
- [Graphics`MultipleListPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/MultipleListPlot.en.md): MultipleListPlot is replaced by ListPlot and ListLinePlot, which now accept multiple sets of data. Dashing[{Dot,Dash,LongDash}] is replaced with Dashing[{Tiny,Small,Medium,Large}]. A new Error Bar Plots Package has been created.
- [Graphics`ParametricPlot3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/ParametricPlot3D.en.md): RevolutionPlot3D and SphericalPlot3D have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. RevolutionPlot3D includes the functionality of CylindricalPlot3D.
- [Graphics`PlotField3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/PlotField3D.en.md): All of the functionality in Graphics`PlotField3D` has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`PlotField`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/PlotField.en.md): All of the functionality in Graphics`PlotField` has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`Polyhedra`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Polyhedra.en.md): PolyhedronData has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. A new Polyhedron Operations Package has been created.
- [Graphics`Shapes`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Shapes.en.md): The functionality of RotateShape, TranslateShape, and AffineShape is provided by the newly added kernel functions Rotate, Translate, Scale, and GeometricTransformation. Sphere, Cylinder, and Cone are available as the new built-in kernel functions Sphere, Cylinder, and Cone. Torus and MoebiusStrip are available in the kernel function ExampleData. DoubleHelix Helix OutlinePolygons PerforatePolygons ShrinkPolygons WireFrame
- [Graphics`Spline`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/Spline.en.md): Some of the functionality in Graphics`Spline` has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`SurfaceOfRevolution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/SurfaceOfRevolution.en.md): RevolutionPlot3D has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Graphics`ThreeScript`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Graphics/ThreeScript.en.md): Graphics`ThreeScript` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6769.

#### LinearAlgebra

- [LinearAlgebra`FourierTrig`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/LinearAlgebra/FourierTrig.en.md): New function FourierDCT has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. New function FourierDST has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [LinearAlgebra`MatrixManipulation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/LinearAlgebra/MatrixManipulation.en.md): AppendColumns, AppendRows, and BlockMatrix are available using the Mathematica kernel functions Join and ArrayFlatten. TakeRows, TakeColumns, TakeMatrix, and SubMatrix are available using the Mathematica kernel function Take. HankelMatrix and HilbertMatrix are available as the kernel functions HankelMatrix and HilbertMatrix. The functionality of ZeroMatrix can be obtained using the new kernel function ConstantArray. The functionality of PolarDecomposition can be obtained using the enhanced ...
- [LinearAlgebra`Orthogonalization`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/LinearAlgebra/Orthogonalization.en.md): Orthogonalize, Normalize, and Projection have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Normalize can now take an arbitrary norm function.
- [LinearAlgebra`Tridiagonal`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/LinearAlgebra/Tridiagonal.en.md): Mathematica's built-in SparseArray function should be used to create tridiagonal matrices. Mathematica kernel's built-in sparse solver LinearSolve has replaced TridiagonalSolve as a faster solver of tridiagonal matrices.

#### Miscellaneous

- [Miscellaneous`Audio`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/Audio.en.md): The functionality in Miscellaneous`Audio` is now available through the newly created Audio Package.
- [Miscellaneous`BlackBodyRadiation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/BlackBodyRadiation.en.md): All the functionality in Miscellaneous`BlackBodyRadiation` is now available through the newly created Black Body Radiation Package.
- [Miscellaneous`Calendar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/Calendar.en.md): All the functionality in Miscellaneous`Calendar` is now available through the newly created Calendar Package.
- [Miscellaneous`ChemicalElements`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/ChemicalElements.en.md): New function ElementData has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Miscellaneous`CityData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/CityData.en.md): Much of the functionality in Miscellaneous`CityData` is now available in the built-in Mathematica kernel function CityData.
- [Miscellaneous`Dictionary`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/Dictionary.en.md): New function WordData has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. New function DictionaryLookup has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Miscellaneous`Geodesy`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/Geodesy.en.md): All the functionality in Miscellaneous`Geodesy` is now available in the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Miscellaneous`Music`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/Music.en.md): All the functionality in Miscellaneous`Music` is now available through the newly created Music Package. Scale is now available as MusicScale.
- [Miscellaneous`RealOnly`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/RealOnly.en.md): Miscellaneous`RealOnly` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6771.
- [Miscellaneous`ResonanceAbsorptionLines`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/ResonanceAbsorptionLines.en.md): All the functionality of Miscellaneous`ResonanceAbsorptionLines`is now available in the newly created Resonance Absorption Lines Package.
- [Miscellaneous`StandardAtmosphere`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/StandardAtmosphere.en.md): All the functionality of Miscellaneous`StandardAtmosphere`is now available in the newly created Standard Atmosphere Package.
- [Miscellaneous`WorldData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/WorldData.en.md): All the functionality in Miscellaneous`WorldData` is now available in the built-in Mathematica kernel function CountryData.
- [Miscellaneous`WorldNames`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/WorldNames.en.md): All the functionality in Miscellaneous`WorldNames` is now available in the built-in Mathematica kernel function CountryData.
- [Miscellaneous`WorldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Miscellaneous/WorldPlot.en.md): Miscellaneous`WorldPlot` functionality is now available in the newly created World Plotting Package. Many enhancements are available through the built-in Mathematica kernel function CountryData.

#### NumberTheory

- [NumberTheory`AlgebraicNumberFields`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/AlgebraicNumberFields.en.md): Algebraic is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function AlgebraicNumber. ToCommonField and ToNumberFieldElement are now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function ToNumberField. MinimalPolynomial, AlgebraicIntegerQ, AlgebraicNumberDenominator, AlgebraicNumberTrace, AlgebraicNumberNorm, AlgebraicUnitQ, and RootOfUnityQ have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. IntegralBasis is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica ...
- [NumberTheory`ContinuedFractions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/ContinuedFractions.en.md): Convergents and QuadraticIrrationalQ have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [NumberTheory`FactorIntegerECM`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/FactorIntegerECM.en.md): The functionality of FactorIntegerECM can be obtained using the enhanced Mathematica kernel function FactorInteger.
- [NumberTheory`Frobenius`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/Frobenius.en.md): FrobeniusInstance and FrobeniusSolve are now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function FrobeniusSolve. FrobeniusF is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function FrobeniusNumber.
- [NumberTheory`NumberTheoryFunctions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/NumberTheoryFunctions.en.md): SquareFreeQ, PrimePowerQ, KroneckerSymbol, ChineseRemainder, and PrimitiveRoot have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel functions. NextPrime and PreviousPrime are now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function NextPrime. Random[Prime,...] is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function RandomPrime. The functionality of PrimeFactorList is available in the enhanced built-in Mathematica kernel function FactorInteger. SqrtMod is now ...
- [NumberTheory`PrimeQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/PrimeQ.en.md): All the functionality in NumberTheory`PrimeQ` is now available through the newly created Primality Proving Package.
- [NumberTheory`PrimitiveElement`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/PrimitiveElement.en.md): The functionality of PrimitiveElement is now available in the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function ToNumberField.
- [NumberTheory`Ramanujan`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/Ramanujan.en.md): RamanujanTau, RamanujanTauTheta, and RamanujanTauZ have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. RamanujanTauDirichletSeries is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function RamanujanTauL.
- [NumberTheory`Rationalize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/Rationalize.en.md): NumberTheory`Rationalize` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6776.
- [NumberTheory`Recognize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/Recognize.en.md): Recognize is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function RootApproximant.
- [NumberTheory`SiegelTheta`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumberTheory/SiegelTheta.en.md): SiegelTheta is now available as the newly added built-in Mathematica kernel function SiegelTheta.

#### NumericalMath

- [NumericalMath`Approximations`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/Approximations.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`Approximations` is now available in the newly created Function Approximations Package.
- [NumericalMath`BesselZeros`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/BesselZeros.en.md): New function BesselJZero has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. New function BesselYZero has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. BesselJPrimeYJYPrimeZeros BesselJPrimeYJYPrimeZerosInterval BesselJPrimeYPrimeJPrimeYPrimeZeros BesselJPrimeYPrimeJPrimeYPrimeZerosInterval BesselJPrimeZeros BesselJPrimeZerosInterval BesselJYJYZeros BesselJYJYZerosInterval BesselJZeros BesselJZerosInterval BesselYPrimeZeros BesselYPrimeZerosInterval BesselYZeros BesselYZerosInterval
- [NumericalMath`Butcher`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/Butcher.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`Butcher`is now available in the newly created Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package.
- [NumericalMath`CauchyPrincipalValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/CauchyPrincipalValue.en.md): New method option PrincipalValue has been added to the NIntegrate function of the built-in Mathematica kernel. The add-on package is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6778.
- [NumericalMath`ComputerArithmetic`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/ComputerArithmetic.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`ComputerArithmetic` is now available in the newly created Computer Arithmetic Package.
- [NumericalMath`EquationTrekker`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/EquationTrekker.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`EquationTrekker` is now available in the newly created Equation Trekker Package.
- [NumericalMath`GaussianQuadrature`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/GaussianQuadrature.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`GaussianQuadrature` is now available in the newly created Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package.
- [NumericalMath`InterpolateRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/InterpolateRoot.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`InterpolateRoot`is now available in the newly created Function Approximations Package.
- [NumericalMath`IntervalRoots`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/IntervalRoots.en.md): NumericalMath`IntervalRoots` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6779.
- [NumericalMath`ListIntegrate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/ListIntegrate.en.md): The functionality of NumericalMath`ListIntegrate` is now accessible by using the built-in Mathematica kernel functions Integrate and Interpolation.
- [NumericalMath`Microscope`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/Microscope.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`Microscope` is now available in the newly created Computer Arithmetic Package. The function Microscope has been renamed MicroscopePlot. The function MicroscopicError has been renamed MicroscopicErrorPlot.
- [NumericalMath`NewtonCotes`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/NewtonCotes.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`NewtonCotes` is now available in the newly created Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package.
- [NumericalMath`NIntegrateInterpolatingFunct`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/NIntegrateInterpolatingFunct.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`NIntegrateInterpolatingFunct` is now available in the newly created Function Approximations Package.
- [NumericalMath`NLimit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/NLimit.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`NLimit` is now available in the newly created Numerical Calculus Package.
- [NumericalMath`NResidue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/NResidue.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`NResidue` is now available in the newly created Numerical Calculus Package.
- [NumericalMath`NSeries`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/NSeries.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`NSeries` is now available in the newly created Numerical Calculus Package.
- [NumericalMath`OrderStar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/OrderStar.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`OrderStar` is now available in the newly created Function Approximations Package. OrderStar has been renamed OrderStarPlot. OrderStarSubPlots has been replaced with ContourPlot options such as MaxRecursion.
- [NumericalMath`PolynomialFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/PolynomialFit.en.md): NumericalMath`PolynomialFit` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6780.
- [NumericalMath`SplineFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/SplineFit.en.md): All the functionality of NumericalMath`SplineFit` is now available in the newly created Splines Package.
- [NumericalMath`TrigFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/NumericalMath/TrigFit.en.md): NumericalMath`TrigFit` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6781.

#### Statistics

- [Statistics`ANOVA`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/ANOVA.en.md): All functionality is available in the newly created Analysis of Variance Package.
- [Statistics`ClusterAnalysis`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/ClusterAnalysis.en.md): FindClusters and the distance and dissimilarity functions have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. SupDistance is replaced by ChessboardDistance. CorrelationDissimilarity is replaced by CorrelationDistance. CosineAngleDissimilarity is replaced by CosineDistance. RussleRaoDissimilarity is replaced by RussellRaoDissimilarity. A new Hierarchical Clustering Package has been created.
- [Statistics`Common`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/Common.en.md): Functionality in this package has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel or incorporated into newly created packages. CDF, PDF, and CharacteristicFunction are built into the kernel. RandomArray is replaced by RandomReal and RandomInteger. CovarianceMatrix and CorrelationMatrix are replaced by Covariance and Correlation for data. RegionProbability is replaced by EllipsoidProbability. New Hypothesis Testing and Multivariate Statistics packages have been created.
- [Statistics`ConfidenceIntervals`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/ConfidenceIntervals.en.md): All functionality is available in the newly created Hypothesis Testing Package.
- [Statistics`ContinuousDistributions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/ContinuousDistributions.en.md): Distributions defined in this package have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. The input syntax for UniformDistribution has changed. Random and RandomArray are replaced by RandomReal.
- [Statistics`DataManipulation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/DataManipulation.en.md): Functionality in this package has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. CumulativeSums is replaced by Accumulate. Frequencies is replaced by Tally. BinCounts and BinLists incorporate the functionality of RangeCounts and RangeLists from Version 5.2.
- [Statistics`DataSmoothing`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/DataSmoothing.en.md): MovingAverage and MovingMedian have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. ExponentialSmoothing is replaced by ExponentialMovingAverage.
- [Statistics`DescriptiveStatistics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/DescriptiveStatistics.en.md): Functionality in this package has been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Mode is replaced by the kernel function Commonest.
- [Statistics`DiscreteDistributions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/DiscreteDistributions.en.md): Distributions defined in this package have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. The input syntax for DiscreteUniformDistribution has changed. Random and RandomArray are replaced by RandomInteger.
- [Statistics`HypothesisTests`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/HypothesisTests.en.md): All functionality is available in the newly created Hypothesis Testing Package.
- [Statistics`LinearRegression`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/LinearRegression.en.md): All functionality from Statistics`LinearRegression` is available in the built-in Mathematica kernel.
- [Statistics`MultiDescriptiveStatistics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/MultiDescriptiveStatistics.en.md): Univariate descriptive statistics have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Multivariate functionality from this package is included in the newly created Multivariate Statistics Package. MultivariateMode is replaced by the system function Commonest. CovarianceMatrix and CorrelationMatrix are replaced by the built-in functions Covariance and Correlation. RegionProbability is replaced by EllipsoidProbability. ConvexHullMedian and ConvexHullArea are included in the newly created ...
- [Statistics`MultiDiscreteDistributions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/MultiDiscreteDistributions.en.md): Distributions defined in this package are included in the newly created Multivariate Statistics Package. Random and RandomArray are replaced by RandomInteger. CovarianceMatrix and CorrelationMatrix are replaced by Covariance and Correlation.
- [Statistics`MultinormalDistribution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/MultinormalDistribution.en.md): Distributions defined in this package are included in the newly created Multivariate Statistics Package. Random and RandomArray are replaced by RandomReal. CovarianceMatrix and CorrelationMatrix are replaced by Covariance and Correlation. RegionProbability is replaced by EllipsoidProbability.
- [Statistics`NonlinearFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/NonlinearFit.en.md): NonlinearFit is replaced by FindFit. NonlinearRegress functionality is now available using the built-in function NonlinearModelFit.
- [Statistics`NormalDistribution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/NormalDistribution.en.md): Distributions defined in this package have been added to the built-in Mathematica kernel. Random and RandomArray are replaced by RandomReal.
- [Statistics`StatisticsPlots`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Statistics/StatisticsPlots.en.md): All functionality is available in the newly created Statistical Plots Package. SymbolShape and SymbolStyle options are replaced by PlotMarkers. PlotJoined option is replaced by Joined. BoxOutlierShapes is replaced by BoxOutlierMarkers.

#### Utilities

- [Utilities`Benchmark`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Utilities/Benchmark.en.md): All of the functionality in Utilities`Benchmark` is now available through the newly created Benchmarking Package.
- [Utilities`FilterOptions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Utilities/FilterOptions.en.md): The functionality of FilterOptions is provided by the kernel function FilterRules.
- [Utilities`MemoryConserve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Utilities/MemoryConserve.en.md): Utilities`MemoryConserve` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6791.
- [Utilities`Notation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Utilities/Notation.en.md): All the functionality of Utilities`Notation` is now available in the newly created Notation Package.
- [Utilities`Package`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Utilities/Package.en.md): SystemInformation gives detailed information about your Mathematica system. Packages & Files under the Kernel tab gives information about the packages currently loaded into your Mathematica session.
- [Utilities`ShowTime`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compatibility/tutorial/Utilities/ShowTime.en.md): Utilities`ShowTime` was available as an add-on package in previous versions of Mathematica and is now available on the web at library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/6792.

## Compile


### Guide Pages

- [The Wolfram System Compiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/guide/CompiledFunctionTools.en.md): The Wolfram System compiler provides an important way both to speed up and to work with Wolfram Language computations. It does this by taking assumptions about the computations and rewriting them in more efficient ways.

### Reference Pages

- [CompilePrint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/ref/CompilePrint.en.md): CompilePrint[cfun] prints a human readable form of a compiled function.

### Tutorials

- [Code Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/CodeGeneration.en.md): Code generation from the Wolfram System involves converting programs written in the Wolfram Language into other languages and then supporting them so that they can be executed. The Wolfram System compiler provides a system for code generation into the C language. One mode of use is to create C code that conforms to a Wolfram Library; this can be compiled with a C compiler and linked back into the Wolfram Language. This is how the CompilationTarget option of Compile works when it is set to C; ...
- [CompilationTarget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/CompilationTarget.en.md): The CompilationTarget option of Compile specifies the target runtime system for the compiled function. The default setting is MVM, which creates code for the traditional Wolfram Language virtual machine. This virtual machine is described in detail in the section on compiled function operation. However, you can use CompilationTarget to generate C code as shown in the following. The function works in the same way as a compiled function running in the Wolfram Language virtual machine.
- [Efficiency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/Efficiency.en.md): This section is designed to discuss how to make compiled functions run efficiently. It will cover features that make them run faster, as well as problems that can make them execute more slowly. If you set the CompilationTarget option to C, this generates C code for the compiled function, generates a Wolfram library, and uses this when the compiled function is used. The following example shows how C code runs faster than the traditional Wolfram Language virtual machine.
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): The Wolfram System compiler provides an important way both to speed up and also to work with Wolfram Language computations. It does this by taking assumptions about the computations and rewriting them in more efficient ways. These assumptions limit the full generality of the Wolfram Language but are chosen to enhance important classes of computations. For example, computations involving machine-precision arithmetic are enhanced. In addition to providing speed enhancements for the Wolfram ...
- [Compiled Function Operation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/Operation.en.md): The Wolfram System compiler generates a CompiledFunction expression that contains a sequence of simple instructions for evaluating a Wolfram Language computation. The compiled function expression also contains other information such as argument and result specifications, flags, error handlers, and version information. Since all of this information is stored in the expression, many of the tools for working with compiled functions can be written in the Wolfram Language. The compiled function ...
- [The Wolfram System Compiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/Overview.en.md): The Wolfram System compiler provides an important way both to speed up and also to work with Wolfram Language computations. Introduction Compiled Function Operation
- [Parallel Computation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Compile/tutorial/Parallel.en.md): The Wolfram System compiler can run computations in parallel. It does this by threading a compiled function over lists of data in parallel. A first step is to create a compiled function with the Listable attribute. When the input matches the type specification of the compiled function, it works normally. In the following example, the real number input matches the type of the compiled function and the function executes. Here the compiled function receives a list input; since this is higher rank ...

## CompilerManual


### Tutorials

- [Compiled Program Features](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/CompiledProgramFeatures.en.md): This section reviews various features of coding that are specific to the Wolfram Compiler. These are to be distinguished from general features of programming in the Wolfram Language supported by the compiler. The Wolfram Compiler provides built-in definitions for many functions covering many types. However, it does not cover everything. The development team steadily expands the coverage, trying to ensure that any new functions have robust and efficient implementation. In addition, compiled ...
- [Data Structures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/DataStructures.en.md): The Wolfram Compiler contains definitions for a variety of data structures. These are the same data structures that are available in the top-level Wolfram Language; they can be seen with a call to $DataStructures; This section will look at data structures and working with them in compiled code. Many of the concepts here also apply to any product type created with the compiler. What is special about the Wolfram Compiler data structures is that they have already been written, so are ready to use ...
- [Drivers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/Drivers.en.md): This section covers functions that create compiled code, features of compiled code objects such as serialization, cross-compilation, and packaging for the Wolfram Compiler. The Wolfram Compiler provides a number of functions that actually compile code. These are summarized in this section. This is not going to replicate the function pages for these functions, which are quite extensive. FunctionCompile compiles Wolfram Language programs into optimized compiled code that can be immediately ...
- [Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/Examples.en.md): This section shows a number of examples of the Wolfram Compiler. They are chosen to help learn how to get the most from the compiler and to learn about some of its unique features. They are not always the best way to solve a particular problem, but when there are better ways, these are usually noted. This example will show how the elements in an array can be reversed. The following is a dynamic array data structure:
- [Expressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/Expressions.en.md): One of the unique aspects of the Wolfram Compiler is its tight coupling with the Wolfram Language. This seamless integration provides many interesting and innovative features. At the core of this is the ability of the Wolfram Compiler to work with a central property of the Wolfram Language: Wolfram expressions. Wolfram expressions are the single uniform data type and are processed by the Wolfram Language interpreter. Expressions are a flexible and powerful way to work with programs and data; ...
- [Function Declarations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/FunctionDeclarations.en.md): Function declarations give a convenient way to reuse code; they are written once but can be used multiple times. This means that any improvements or fixes only need to be made in one place. They also provide additional benefits, such as recursion (the ability to call themselves) and polymorphism (working with different input types through a single declaration), both of which will be illustrated with examples. In the Wolfram Compiler, declarations are supported by FunctionDeclaration, which has ...
- [Getting Started](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/GettingStarted.en.md): The Wolfram Compiler is a compiler for the Wolfram Language. It converts Wolfram Language programs into low-level machine hardware instructions. It makes use of the latest advances in compiler knowledge and technology. Some of the advantages of the compiler include generating fast code, detecting programming errors, selecting advantageous code paths and algorithms at compilation time, allowing for novel optimizations and transformations of code and accessing low-level computer functionality. A ...
- [Memory Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/MemoryManagement.en.md): Certain elements of programs compiled by the Wolfram Compiler are reference objects and are held as a memory address. They are typically created by dynamic memory allocation. There are also other ways to allocate and free raw memory. This section discusses the functionality that the compiler provides for these purposes. A product type declaration is a reference object with automatic memory management unless otherwise specified. An example will use a declaration of a product type called ...
- [The Wolfram Compiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/Overview.en.md): The Wolfram Compiler is a compiler for the Wolfram Language. It converts Wolfram Language programs into low-level machine hardware instructions. It makes use of the latest advances in compiler knowledge and technology. This documentation is useful for people wishing to learn about and use the Wolfram Compiler. Getting Started
- [Programming with Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/ProgrammingWithTypes.en.md): The Wolfram Compiler provides a powerful type system that assigns types to all elements in your code. This is used to guide compilation, detecting errors and generating optimal code. If you write polymorphic functions, the type system will select correct and optimal functions for the type parameters of your functions. A key element of this involves being able to manipulate types in programs and is discussed in this section. TypeOf has many uses for working with types in compiled code. Here it ...
- [Tooling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/Tooling.en.md): This section covers various tools that help to work with the Wolfram Compiler. When writing compiled code and you need to see what functions and types are known to the compiler, you can use CompilerInformation. For example, to see what versions of Dimensions are supported, you can do the following:
- [Type Declarations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/TypeDeclarations.en.md): Many programming solutions find it very useful to declare new types customized to handle specific data. This allows the system to generate efficient code. It can also make code easier to read and use. The techniques that the Wolfram Compiler provides for new types are explored in this section. A product type is a compound type that contains other types. Product types are also known as structs or records and are a key element of programming. Product types in the Wolfram Compiler are flexible, ...
- [Wolfram Language Support](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CompilerManual/tutorial/WolframLanguageSupport.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a powerful and flexible programming model that covers many different areas. Code tends to be very concise without the need for the many details that are required in other languages. When the Wolfram Compiler is used, it imposes more constraints than are present in interpreted Wolfram code. If these constraints are not met, then compilation will not work. However, if compilation works, it probably does what you want, and it should be fast. This section looks at ...

## ComputationalGeometry


### Guide Pages

- [Computational Geometry Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/guide/ComputationalGeometryPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AllPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/AllPoints.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [BoundedDiagram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/BoundedDiagram.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ConvexHullArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/ConvexHullArea.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ConvexHull](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/ConvexHull.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ConvexHullMedian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/ConvexHullMedian.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DelaunayTriangulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/DelaunayTriangulation.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DelaunayTriangulationQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/DelaunayTriangulationQ.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [DiagramPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/DiagramPlot.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Hull](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/Hull.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LabelPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/LabelPoints.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NearestNeighbor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/NearestNeighbor.en.md): As of Version 6.0, NearestNeighbor has been superseded by Nearest[{{x1, y1}, {x2, y2}, ...} -> Automatic, {a, b}].
- [PlanarGraphPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/PlanarGraphPlot.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Ray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/Ray.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TileAreas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/TileAreas.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TriangularSurfacePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/TriangularSurfacePlot.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TrimPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/TrimPoints.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VoronoiDiagram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/ref/VoronoiDiagram.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the ComputationalGeometry package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Computational Geometry Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputationalGeometry/tutorial/ComputationalGeometry.en.md): Computational geometry is the study of efficient algorithms for solving geometric problems. The nearest neighbor problem involves identifying one point, out of a set of points, that is nearest to the query point according to some measure of distance. The nearest neighborhood problem involves identifying the locus of points lying nearer to the query point than to any other point in the set. This package provides functions for solving these and related problems in the case of planar points and ...

## ComputerArithmetic


### Guide Pages

- [Computer Arithmetic Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/guide/ComputerArithmeticPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Arithmetic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/Arithmetic.en.md): Arithmetic[] gives a list containing the number of digits of precision, the base, and the options and option values of the arithmetic currently in effect.
- [ComputerNumber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/ComputerNumber.en.md): ComputerNumber[x] gives the ComputerNumber object equivalent to the ordinary number x in the arithmetic currently in effect. ComputerNumber[sign, mantissa, exp] gives the ComputerNumber object whose value is sign mantissa b^exp, where b is the base in the arithmetic currently in effect. ComputerNumber[sign, mantissa, exp, value, x] is the complete data object that makes up a computer number.
- [ExponentRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/ExponentRange.en.md): ExponentRange is an option to SetArithmetic that specifies the range of exponents that are to be allowed.
- [IdealDivide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/IdealDivide.en.md): IdealDivide[x, y] gives the correctly rounded result of x divided by y involving a single rounding error.
- [IdealDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/IdealDivision.en.md): IdealDivision is an option to SetArithmetic that specifies whether $PreRead should be used to translate the default / division operator to use IdealDivide.
- [MachineError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/MachineError.en.md): MachineError[f, x -> a] gives the error involved in evaluating f at x = a using machine arithmetic.
- [MicroscopePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/MicroscopePlot.en.md): MicroscopePlot[f, {x, a}] plots the expression f in a small neighborhood of a using machine arithmetic. MicroscopePlot[f, {x, a, n}] plots f from a - n ulps to a + n ulps.
- [MicroscopicErrorPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/MicroscopicErrorPlot.en.md): MicroscopicErrorPlot[f, {x, a}] plots the error incurred by using machine arithmetic to evaluate the expression f in a small neighborhood of a. MicroscopicErrorPlot[f, {x, a, n}] plots the error from a - n ulps to a + n ulps.
- [MixedMode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/MixedMode.en.md): MixedMode is an option to SetArithmetic that specifies whether mixed-mode arithmetic is to be allowed.
- [NaN](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/NaN.en.md): NaN is the symbol used by the functions in the Computer Arithmetic Package to represent a nonrepresentable number.
- [RoundingRule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/RoundingRule.en.md): RoundingRule is an option to SetArithmetic that specifies the rounding scheme to use.
- [RoundToEven](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/RoundToEven.en.md): RoundToEven is a setting for the option RoundingRule of SetArithmetic that specifies rounding to the nearest representable number and, in the case of a tie, rounding to the one represented by an even mantissa.
- [RoundToInfinity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/RoundToInfinity.en.md): RoundToInfinity is a setting for the option RoundingRule of SetArithmetic that specifies rounding to the nearest representable number and, in the case of a tie, rounding away from 0.
- [SetArithmetic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/SetArithmetic.en.md): SetArithmetic[d] sets the number of digits of precision d to be used in ComputerNumber objects. SetArithmetic[d, b] sets the number of digits of precision d and the base b to be used in ComputerNumber objects.
- [Truncation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/Truncation.en.md): Truncation is a setting for the option RoundingRule of SetArithmetic that specifies rounding by discarding excess digits.
- [Ulp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/Ulp.en.md): Ulp[x] gives the size of an ulp for numbers near x.
- [Ulps](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/ref/Ulps.en.md): Ulps is a unit of error in machine arithmetic.

### Tutorials

- [Computer Arithmetic Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ComputerArithmetic/tutorial/ComputerArithmetic.en.md): The arithmetic used by the Wolfram Language is a mixture of variable-precision software arithmetic and whatever is provided by the manufacturer of the floating-point hardware (or the designer of the compiler, if there is no floating-point hardware). If you want to learn about the basic ideas of computer floating-point arithmetic in general or examine the machine arithmetic on your machine, you can use ComputerArithmetic`. This allows you to examine arithmetic with various bases, precisions, ...

## CUDALink


### Guide Pages

- [CUDALink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/guide/CUDALink.en.md): CUDALink allows the Wolfram Language to use the CUDA parallel computing architecture on Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). It contains functions that use CUDA-enabled GPUs to boost performance in a number of areas, such as linear algebra, financial simulation, and image processing. CUDALink also integrates CUDA with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control.

### Reference Pages

- [CUDAArgMaxList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAArgMaxList.en.md): CUDAArgMaxList[cuvec] gives the index of the maximum element in CUDA vector cuvec. CUDAArgMaxList[list] gives the index of the maximum element in list.
- [CUDAArgMinList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAArgMinList.en.md): CUDAArgMinList[cuvec] gives the index of the minimum element in the CUDA vector cuvec. CUDAArgMinList[list] gives the index of the minimum element in list.
- [CUDABoxFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDABoxFilter.en.md): CUDABoxFilter[img, r] gives the box filter of img with radius r. CUDABoxFilter[list, r] gives the box filter of list with radius r. CUDABoxFilter[mem, r] gives the box filter of mem with radius r.
- [CUDACCompilers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDACCompilers.en.md): CUDACCompilers[] gives a list of C compilers detected on system and supported by NVCCCompiler.
- [CUDAClamp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAClamp.en.md): CUDAClamp[lst] clamps the values of lst between automatically determined values. CUDAClamp[lst, low, high] clamps the values of lst between low and high.
- [CUDAClosing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAClosing.en.md): CUDAClosing[img, r] gives the closing of img with respect to a range-r square. CUDAClosing[list, r] gives the closing of list with respect to a range-r square. CUDAClosing[mem, r] gives the closing of mem with respect to a range-r square.
- [CUDAColorNegate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAColorNegate.en.md): CUDAColorNegate[image] performs color negation on image. CUDAColorNegate[list] performs color negation on list. CUDAColorNegate[mem] performs color negation on memory referenced by mem.
- [CUDADilation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDADilation.en.md): CUDADilation[img, r] gives the morphological dilation of img with respect to a range-r square. CUDADilation[mem, r] gives the morphological dilation of list with respect to a range-r square. CUDADilation[mem, r] gives the morphological dilation of mem with respect to a range-r square.
- [CUDADot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDADot.en.md): CUDADot[cuvec 1, cuvec 2] gives the dot product of CUDA vectors cuvec1 and cuvec2. CUDADot[cumat, cuvec] gives the matrix-vector product of CUDA matrix cumat and CUDA vector cuvec. CUDADot[cumat, cuspvec] gives the matrix-vector product of CUDA matrix cumat and CUDA sparse vector cuspvec. CUDADot[cumat1, cumat2] gives the matrix-matrix product of CUDA matrices cumat1 and cumat2. CUDADot[cuspmat1, cuspmat2] gives the matrix-matrix product of CUDA sparse matrices cuspmat1 and cuspmat2. ...
- [CUDADriverVersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDADriverVersion.en.md): CUDADriverVersion[] gives the version of the installed NVIDIA driver.
- [CUDAErosion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAErosion.en.md): CUDAErosion[img, r] gives the morphological erosion of img with respect to a range-r square. CUDAErosion[list, r] gives the morphological erosion of list with respect to a range-r square. CUDAErosion[mem, r] gives the morphological erosion of mem with respect to a range-r square.
- [CUDAFinancialDerivative](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFinancialDerivative.en.md): CUDAFinancialDerivative[instrument, params, ambientparams] gives the value of the specified financial instrument. CUDAFinancialDerivative[instrument, params, ambientparams, prop] computes the specified property prop.
- [CUDAFluidDynamics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFluidDynamics.en.md): CUDAFluidDynamics[] demonstrates computational fluid dynamics using CUDALink.
- [CUDAFold](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFold.en.md): CUDAFold[f, x, list] gives the last element of CUDAFoldList[f, x, list].
- [CUDAFoldList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFoldList.en.md): CUDAFoldList[f, x, {a, b, ...}] gives {x, f[x, a], f[f[x, a], b], ...}.
- [CUDAFourier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFourier.en.md): CUDAFourier[cuvec] finds the discrete Fourier transform of a CUDA vector cuvec. CUDAFourier[cumat] finds the discrete Fourier transform of a CUDA matrix cumat. CUDAFourier[list] finds the discrete Fourier transform of a list of complex numbers.
- [CUDAFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFunction.en.md): CUDAFunction[args] represents a function loaded using CUDAFunctionLoad.
- [CUDAFunctionInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFunctionInformation.en.md): CUDAFunctionInformation[fun] returns information about a CUDAFunction.
- [CUDAFunctionLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAFunctionLoad.en.md): CUDAFunctionLoad[src, fun, argtypes, blockdim] compiles the string src and makes fun available in the Wolfram Language as a CUDAFunction. CUDAFunctionLoad[File[srcfile], fun, argtypes, blockdim] compiles the source code file srcfile and then loads fun as a CUDAFunction. CUDAFunctionLoad[File[libfile], fun, argtypes, blockdim] loads fun as a CUDAFunction from the previously compiled library libfile.
- [CUDAImageAdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAImageAdd.en.md): CUDAImageAdd[img, x] adds an amount x to each channel value in img. CUDAImageAdd[mem, x] adds an amount x to each channel value in mem. CUDAImageAdd[img 1, img 2] gives an image in which each pixel is the sum of the corresponding pixels in img1 and img2. CUDAImageAdd[mem 1, mem 2] gives a CUDAMemory in which each pixel is the sum of the corresponding pixels in mem1 and mem2.
- [CUDAImageConvolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAImageConvolve.en.md): CUDAImageConvolve[img, kern] gives the convolution of img with kern. CUDAImageConvolve[list, kern] gives the convolution of list with kern. CUDAImageConvolve[mem, kern] gives the convolution of mem with kern.
- [CUDAImageDivide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAImageDivide.en.md): CUDAImageDivide[img, x] divides each channel value in img by an amount x. CUDAImageDivide[mem, x] divides each channel value in mem by an amount x. CUDAImageDivide[img 1, img 2] gives an image in which each pixel is the division of the corresponding pixels in img1 and img2. CUDAImageDivide[mem 1, mem 2] gives a CUDAMemory in which each pixel is the division of the corresponding pixels in mem1 and mem2.
- [CUDAImageMultiply](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAImageMultiply.en.md): CUDAImageMultiply[img, x] multiplies an amount x to each channel value in img. CUDAImageMultiply[mem, x] multiplies an amount x to each channel value in mem. CUDAImageMultiply[img 1, img 2] gives an image in which each pixel is the product of the corresponding pixels in img1 and img2. CUDAImageMultiply[mem 1, mem 2] gives a CUDAMemory in which each pixel is the product of the corresponding pixels in mem1 and mem2.
- [CUDAImageSubtract](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAImageSubtract.en.md): CUDAImageSubtract[img, x] subtracts an amount x from each channel value in img. CUDAImageSubtract[mem, x] subtracts an amount x from each channel value in mem. CUDAImageSubtract[img 1, img2] gives an image in which each pixel is the difference of the corresponding pixels in img1 and img2. CUDAImageSubtract[mem 1, mem 2] gives a CUDAMemory in which each pixel is the difference of the corresponding pixels in mem1 and mem2.
- [CUDAInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAInformation.en.md): CUDAInformation[] queries information on all CUDA devices detected. CUDAInformation[dev] queries information on CUDA dev. CUDAInformation[dev, prop] queries prop on CUDA dev.
- [CUDAInverseFourier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAInverseFourier.en.md): CUDAInverseFourier[cuvec] finds the discrete inverse Fourier transform of a CUDA vector cuvec. CUDAInverseFourier[cumat] finds the discrete inverse Fourier transform of a CUDA matrix cumat. CUDAInverseFourier[list] finds the discrete inverse Fourier transform of a list of complex numbers.
- [CUDAMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMap.en.md): CUDAMap[f, lst] applies f to each element on lst.
- [CUDAMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMatrix.en.md): CUDAMatrix[data] yields a matrix of data which resides on a CUDA enabled GPU. CUDAMatrix[data, type] yields a matrix of the specified type.
- [CUDAMemoryAllocate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryAllocate.en.md): CUDAMemoryAllocate[type, dim] gives CUDAMemory with specified type and single dimension. CUDAMemoryAllocate[type, {dim1, dim2, ...}] gives CUDAMemory with specified type and dimensions.
- [CUDAMemoryCopyToDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryCopyToDevice.en.md): CUDAMemoryCopyToDevice[mem] force copies CUDAMemory from the CPU to the GPU.
- [CUDAMemoryCopyToHost](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryCopyToHost.en.md): CUDAMemoryCopyToHost[mem] force copies CUDAMemory from the GPU to the CPU.
- [CUDAMemory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemory.en.md): CUDAMemory[args] is a handle to memory loaded using CUDAMemoryLoad or CUDAMemoryAllocate.
- [CUDAMemoryGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryGet.en.md): CUDAMemoryGet[mem] gets CUDAMemory into the CPU and the Wolfram Language.
- [CUDAMemoryInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryInformation.en.md): CUDAMemoryInformation[mem] gives information on CUDAMemory.
- [CUDAMemoryLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryLoad.en.md): CUDAMemoryLoad[list] registers list into the CUDALink memory manager. CUDAMemoryLoad[img] registers img into the CUDALink memory manager.
- [CUDAMemoryUnload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAMemoryUnload.en.md): CUDAMemoryUnload[mem 1, mem 2, ...] unloads CUDAMemory from the CUDALink memory manager.
- [CUDAOpening](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAOpening.en.md): CUDAOpening[img, r] gives the morphological opening of img with respect to a range-r square. CUDAOpening[list, r] gives the morphological opening of list with respect to a range-r square. CUDAOpening[mem, r] gives the morphological opening of mem with respect to a range-r square.
- [CUDAQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAQ.en.md): CUDAQ[] returns True if a CUDA-capable device is available and False otherwise.
- [CUDAResourcesInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAResourcesInformation.en.md): CUDAResourcesInformation[] gives information on installed CUDAResources paclets.
- [CUDAResourcesInstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAResourcesInstall.en.md): This function existed to install the CUDAResources paclet which contained the CUDA Toolkit and certain Wolfram libraries. The Wolfram libraries are now included with the core CUDALink paclet. The CUDA Toolkit now needs to be installed by the user.
- [CUDAResourcesUninstall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAResourcesUninstall.en.md): This function existed to uninstall the CUDAResources paclet which contained the CUDA Toolkit and certain Wolfram libraries. The Wolfram libraries are now included with the core CUDALink paclet. The CUDA Toolkit now needs to be uninstalled by the user.
- [CUDASort](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDASort.en.md): CUDASort[vec] sorts the input vector. CUDASort[mem] sorts CUDAMemory in place. CUDASort[vec, op] sorts input with respect to the ordering function op.
- [CUDASparseMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDASparseMatrix.en.md): CUDASparseMatrix[sparse, type] yields a sparse matrix of given type which resides on a CUDA enabled GPU.
- [CUDASparseVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDASparseVector.en.md): CUDASparseVector[sparse, type] yields a sparse vector of given type which resides on a CUDA enabled GPU.
- [CUDATotal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDATotal.en.md): CUDATotal[vec] gives the total of the absolute value of a vector vec.
- [CUDATranspose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDATranspose.en.md): CUDATranspose[cumat] transposes input CUDA matrix cumat. CUDATranspose[mat] transposes input matrix mat. CUDATranspose[mem] transposes input CUDAMemory mem.
- [CUDAVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAVector.en.md): CUDAVector[data] yields a vector of data which resides on a CUDA enabled GPU. CUDAVector[data, type] yields a vector of the specified type.
- [CUDAVolumetricDataRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAVolumetricDataRead.en.md): CUDAVolumetricDataRead[file, height, depth] reads volumetric data stored in file with specified height and depth.
- [CUDAVolumetricRender](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/CUDAVolumetricRender.en.md): CUDAVolumetricRender[vol] performs volumetric rendering using the input data.
- [InstallCUDA](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/InstallCUDA.en.md): InstallCUDA[] prepares CUDA functionality to be used from the Wolfram Language.
- [NVCCCompiler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/NVCCCompiler.en.md): CreateLibrary[src, name, Compiler -> NVCCCompiler] compiles a string of CUDA code in src into a library and returns the full path to the library. CreateLibrary [{ file, ...}, name, Compiler -> NVCCCompiler] compiles a number of CUDA and C source files into a library and returns the full path to the library. CreateExecutable[src, name, Compiler -> NVCCCompiler] compiles a string of CUDA code in src into an executable and returns the full path to the executable. CreateExecutable [{ ...
- [SymbolicCUDABlockDimension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDABlockDimension.en.md): SymbolicCUDABlockDimension[dim] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA kernel block dimension call.
- [SymbolicCUDABlockIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDABlockIndex.en.md): SymbolicCUDABlockIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA kernel block index call.
- [SymbolicCUDACalculateKernelIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDACalculateKernelIndex.en.md): SymbolicCUDACalculateKernelIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA kernel index calculation.
- [SymbolicCUDADeclareIndexBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDADeclareIndexBlock.en.md): SymbolicCUDADeclareIndexBlock[dim] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA kernel index declaration.
- [SymbolicCUDAFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDAFunction.en.md): SymbolicCUDAFunction[name, args] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA function declaration. SymbolicCUDAFunction[name, args, body] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA function definition.
- [SymbolicCUDAKernelIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDAKernelIndex.en.md): SymbolicCUDAKernelIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA kernel index call.
- [SymbolicCUDAThreadIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/SymbolicCUDAThreadIndex.en.md): SymbolicCUDAThreadIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of a CUDA kernel thread index call.
- [TestCUDAToolkitCompatibility](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/TestCUDAToolkitCompatibility.en.md): TestCUDAToolkitCompatibility[] checks if CUDALink is compatible with the installed NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit.
- [$CUDADeviceCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/$CUDADeviceCount.en.md): $CUDADeviceCount gives the number of CUDA devices on the system.
- [$CUDADevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/$CUDADevice.en.md): $CUDADevice is the CUDA device used in computation.
- [$CUDALinkLibraryPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/$CUDALinkLibraryPath.en.md): $CUDALinkLibraryPath is the directory that contains the CUDALink libraries for the system.
- [$CUDALinkPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/$CUDALinkPath.en.md): $CUDALinkPath is the path to the CUDALink application.
- [$CUDAToolkitDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/ref/$CUDAToolkitDirectory.en.md): $CUDAToolkitDirectory gives the current NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit directory.

### Tutorials

- [Applications](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Applications.en.md): Because GPUs are SIMD machines, to exploit CUDA's potential you must pose the problem in an SIMD manner. Computation that can be partitioned in such a way that each thread can compute one element independently is ideal for the GPU. Some algorithms either cannot be written in parallel, or cannot be used on CUDA (due to architecture constraints). In those cases, research is ongoing to introduce alternative methods to use the GPU to perform those computations. In this section, some usage of CUDA ...
- [CUDA Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Functions.en.md): CUDALink is a built-in Wolfram Language package that provides a simple and powerful interface for using CUDA within the Wolfram Language's streamlined work flow. CUDALink provides you with carefully tuned linear algebra, discrete Fourier transforms, and image processing algorithms. You can also write your own CUDALink modules with minimal effort. Using CUDALink from within the Wolfram Language gives you access to the Wolfram Language's features, including visualization, import/export, and ...
- [Running CUDALink in Headless Mode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Headless.en.md): In some cases, such as in a cluster environment, the machine may be run in headless mode, that is, not starting the GUI server (such as X). The operating system may incorrectly set up the device permissions for the user and thus cause CUDALink to fail. This document shows how to set up the proper permissions in those cases. Linux has multiple initialization runlevels. On clusters, usually the runlevel responsible for starting X (usually runlevel 5) is not called. Since runlevel 5 is ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): CUDALink allows the Wolfram Language to use the CUDA parallel computing architecture on Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). It contains functions that use CUDA-enabled GPUs to boost performance in a number of areas, such as linear algebra, financial simulation, and image processing. CUDALink also integrates CUDA with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control. To use any CUDALink functions, the application has to be loaded. CUDAQ tells you ...
- [Memory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Memory.en.md): Both CUDALink and OpenCLLink have a state-of-the-art memory manager that reduces the amount of memory allocation and transfer to the GPU. If used properly, the memory system can afford the application significant performance increase. The following details how to properly use the memory manager and presents some applications. CUDALink has a memory manager that allows users to limit the number of memory copies from CPU to GPU being performed. Users have the option not to use the memory manager, ...
- [CUDALink on Multiple Devices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/MultipleDevices.en.md): The functional and list-oriented characteristics of the core Wolfram Language allow CUDALink to provide immediate built-in data parallelism, automatically distributing computations across available GPU cards. First, load the CUDALink application. This launches as many worker kernels as there are devices.
- [CUDALink Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): CUDALink allows the Wolfram Language to use the CUDA parallel computing architecture on Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). It contains functions that use CUDA-enabled GPUs to boost performance in a number of areas, such as linear algebra, financial simulation, and image processing. CUDALink also integrates CUDA with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control. Introduction Setup and Operation
- [CUDA Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Programming.en.md): CUDA is a general C-like programming developed by NVIDIA to program Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). CUDALink provides an easy interface to program the GPU by removing many of the steps required. Compilation, linking, data transfer, etc. are all handled by the Wolfram Language's CUDALink. This allows the user to write the algorithm rather than the interface and code. This section describes how to start programming CUDA in the Wolfram Language. CUDA programming in the Wolfram Language.
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Reference.en.md): CUDALink allows the Wolfram Language to use the CUDA parallel computing architecture on Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). It contains functions that use CUDA-enabled GPUs to boost performance in a number of areas, such as linear algebra, financial simulation, and image processing. CUDALink also integrates CUDA with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control. This section summarizes the functionality. This describes the Wolfram Language ...
- [CUDALink Setup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/CUDALink/tutorial/Setup.en.md): This section explains how CUDALink is set up and configured for your machine. It also discusses common setup problems and how to troubleshoot them. You should confirm that you have GPU hardware supported by CUDA. If you are not certain, you can see the list of hardware supported in the GPU Hardware section. In addition, you should check that your operating system is supported. If you do not have supported hardware, you will not be able to fully use CUDALink. NVIDIA CUDA Toolkit and compatible ...

## DatabaseLink


### Guide Pages

- [DatabaseLink Connections and Resources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/guide/DatabaseConnectionsAndResources.en.md): DatabaseLink provides a number of functions for connection to an SQL database. It also supports a resource mechanism that allows the details of how the connection is set up to be hidden. This can simplify and increase the robustness of the connection process.
- [DatabaseLink Tables and Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/guide/DatabaseInformation.en.md): DatabaseLink has functions for working with the tables of data in a database. It can create and drop tables, as well as fetch information about the organization of tables in the database.
- [DatabaseLink Transactions and Result Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/guide/DatabaseTransactionsAndResultSets.en.md): DatabaseLink supports SQL transactions and result sets. These features, useful for advanced users, help to maintain integrity of the data stored in your database as well as increasing efficiency.
- [DatabaseLink Data Access and Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/guide/SQLDataAccessAndManipulation.en.md): DatabaseLink provides functions for working with data stored in tables in SQL databases. Operations such as searching, inserting, and deleting are supported. They also convert between the different types of data stored in the database and Wolfram Language expressions.
- [DatabaseLink SQL Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/guide/SQLDatabaseOperations.en.md): DatabaseLink is a toolkit for working with SQL databases built into the Wolfram Language. It provides an industrial-strength, ready-made solution for integrating the Wolfram Language with any standard SQL database. Among its functions are those for opening and closing connections to a database and fetching details about the organization of the database, as well as searching, inserting, and deleting data from the database.

### Reference Pages

- [CloseSQLConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/CloseSQLConnection.en.md): CloseSQLConnection[conn] releases the connection conn, returning the list of remaining active connections.
- [DatabaseExplorer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/DatabaseExplorer.en.md): DatabaseExplorer[] launches a graphical user interface to DatabaseLink.
- [DatabaseResourcesPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/DatabaseResourcesPath.en.md): DatabaseResourcesPath[] gives the list of directories that are searched to find database resources.
- [DataSourceNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/DataSourceNames.en.md): DataSourceNames[] returns a list of named data sources made available through DatabaseResourcesPath.
- [DataSources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/DataSources.en.md): DataSources[] returns a list of information about named data sources made available through DatabaseResourcesPath. DataSources[name] returns a list of information about data source name.
- [JDBCDriver](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/JDBCDriver.en.md): JDBCDriver[args] specifies the configuration for connecting to a database produced by a specific vendor.
- [JDBCDriverNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/JDBCDriverNames.en.md): JDBCDriverNames[] returns a list of the named JDBC configurations available through DatabaseResourcesPath.
- [JDBCDrivers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/JDBCDrivers.en.md): JDBCDrivers[] returns details of the named JDBC configurations available through DatabaseResourcesPath. JDBCDrivers[name] returns details of the JDBC driver name.
- [JDBC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/JDBC.en.md): JDBC[configname, url] generates an object for making connections to database using a named configuration from configname and url. JDBC[classname, url] generates an object for making connections to database with given JDBC driver classname and url.
- [OpenSQLConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/OpenSQLConnection.en.md): OpenSQLConnection[src] makes a connection to a named data source. OpenSQLConnection[JDBC[...]] makes a connection to a data source described by a JDBC object. OpenSQLConnection[] opens a GUI for creating and managing named data sources.
- [SQLArgument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLArgument.en.md): SQLArgument[arg1, arg2, ...] holds a sequence of arguments to an SQL query.
- [SQLBeginTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLBeginTransaction.en.md): SQLBeginTransaction[conn] initiates an SQL transaction.
- [SQLBinary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLBinary.en.md): SQLBinary[data] represents raw binary data that can be stored in a database.
- [SQLCatalogNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLCatalogNames.en.md): SQLCatalogNames[conn] returns the names of the catalogs in an SQL connection.
- [SQLColumn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLColumn.en.md): SQLColumn[...] represents a column in an SQL table.
- [SQLColumnInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLColumnInformation.en.md): SQLColumnInformation[conn] returns a list of information about the columns in an SQL connection. SQLColumnInformation[conn, table] returns a list pertaining to the columns in table. SQLColumnInformation[conn, SQLTable[table]] returns a list pertaining to the columns in table. SQLColumnInformation[conn, {table, column}] returns a list pertaining to the columns in table matching column. SQLColumnInformation[conn, SQLColumn[{table, column}]] returns a list pertaining to the columns in table ...
- [SQLColumnNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLColumnNames.en.md): SQLColumnNames[conn] returns a list of {table, name} pairs for each column in an SQL connection. SQLColumnNames[conn, table] returns a list of the columns in table. SQLColumnNames[conn, SQLTable[table]] returns a list of the columns in table. SQLColumnNames[conn, {table, column}] returns a list of the columns in table matching column. SQLColumnNames[conn, SQLColumn[{table, column}]] returns a list of the columns in table matching column. SQLColumnNames[conn, SQLColumn[column]] returns a list ...
- [SQLColumnPrivileges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLColumnPrivileges.en.md): SQLColumnPrivileges[conn] returns a table of access rights for the columns in an SQL connection. SQLColumnPrivileges[conn, table] returns a table pertaining to the columns in table. SQLColumnPrivileges[conn, SQLTable[table]] returns a table pertaining to the columns in table. SQLColumnPrivileges[conn, {table, column}] returns a table pertaining to the columns in table matching column. SQLColumnPrivileges[conn, SQLColumn[{table, column}]] returns a table pertaining to the columns in table ...
- [SQLColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLColumns.en.md): SQLColumns[conn] returns the SQLColumn object for each column in an SQL connection. SQLColumns[conn, table] returns the columns in table. SQLColumns[conn, SQLTable[table]] returns the columns in table. SQLColumns[conn, {table, column}] returns the columns in table matching column. SQLColumns[conn, SQLColumn[{table, column}]] returns the columns in table matching column. SQLColumns[conn, SQLColumn[column]] returns the columns in any table matching column.
- [SQLCommitTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLCommitTransaction.en.md): SQLCommitTransaction[conn] commits an SQL transaction.
- [SQLConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnection.en.md): SQLConnection[...] is an object that represents a connection to a data source.
- [SQLConnectionInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnectionInformation.en.md): SQLConnectionInformation[conn] returns a list of information about the SQL connection conn. SQLConnectionInformation[conn, property] retrieves the value of property. SQLConnectionInformation[conn, {p1, p2, ...}] retrieves the properties pi.
- [SQLConnectionOpenQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnectionOpenQ.en.md): SQLConnectionOpenQ[conn] tests whether or not conn is a valid connection object.
- [SQLConnectionPoolClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnectionPoolClose.en.md): SQLConnectionPoolClose[pool] closes a connection pool.
- [SQLConnectionPool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnectionPool.en.md): SQLConnectionPool[...] is an object that represents a connection pool to a data source.
- [SQLConnectionPools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnectionPools.en.md): SQLConnectionPools[] returns a list of the open connection pools. SQLConnectionPools[conn] returns the connection pool used for a connection.
- [SQLConnections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnections.en.md): SQLConnections[] returns a list of the open SQLConnection objects.
- [SQLConnectionUsableQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLConnectionUsableQ.en.md): SQLConnectionUsableQ[conn] tests whether or not queries may be issued on conn. SQLConnectionUsableQ[conn, {sql, res}] expects result res when issuing sql on conn.
- [SQLCreateTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLCreateTable.en.md): SQLCreateTable[conn, table, columns] creates a new table in an SQL connection.
- [SQLDataTypeInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLDataTypeInformation.en.md): SQLDataTypeInformation[conn] returns information about the data types that can be stored in an SQL connection.
- [SQLDataTypeNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLDataTypeNames.en.md): SQLDataTypeNames[conn] returns the names of data types that can be stored in an SQL connection.
- [SQLDateTime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLDateTime.en.md): SQLDateTime[datetime] represents date and time information that can be stored in a database.
- [SQLDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLDelete.en.md): SQLDelete[conn, table] deletes the data in a table in an SQL connection. SQLDelete[conn, SQLTable[table]] deletes the data in a table in an SQL connection. SQLDelete[conn, table, cond] deletes data that matches cond.
- [SQLDropTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLDropTable.en.md): SQLDropTable[conn, table] drops a table in an SQL connection. SQLDropTable[conn, SQLTable[table]] drops a table in an SQL connection.
- [SQLExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLExecute.en.md): SQLExecute[conn, command] executes a command in an SQL connection. SQLExecute[conn, command, args] passes arguments to the command. SQLExecute[SQLSelect[conn, ...]] manages the opening and closing of conn.
- [SQLExpr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLExpr.en.md): SQLExpr[expr] allows a Wolfram Language expression to be stored in a database.
- [SQLInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLInsert.en.md): SQLInsert[conn, table, cols, data] inserts data into a table in an SQL connection.
- [SQLMemberQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLMemberQ.en.md): SQLMemberQ[data, column] specifies a condition in an SQL query used to test whether an element of a list matches the value of a column.
- [SQLResultSetClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetClose.en.md): SQLResultSetClose[rs] closes a result set.
- [SQLResultSetColumnNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetColumnNames.en.md): SQLResultSetColumnNames[rs] returns a list of {table, column} pairs for each column in a result set.
- [SQLResultSetCurrent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetCurrent.en.md): SQLResultSetCurrent[rs] reads the current row from a result set.
- [SQLResultSetGoto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetGoto.en.md): SQLResultSetGoto[rs, pos] sets the current position of a result set to pos.
- [SQLResultSetOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetOpen.en.md): SQLResultSetOpen[query] makes a result set from an SQL query.
- [SQLResultSetPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetPosition.en.md): SQLResultSetPosition[rs] returns an integer that specifies the current position in a result set.
- [SQLResultSetRead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetRead.en.md): SQLResultSetRead[rs] shifts the current position and then reads a row from a result set. SQLResultSetRead[rs, num] reads num rows from a result set.
- [SQLResultSets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSets.en.md): SQLResultSets[] returns a list of the open SQLResultSet objects.
- [SQLResultSetShift](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetShift.en.md): SQLResultSetShift[rs, num] shifts the current position of a result set by num.
- [SQLResultSetTake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLResultSetTake.en.md): SQLResultSetTake[rs, {m, n}] reads rows m through n from a result set.
- [SQLRollbackTransaction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLRollbackTransaction.en.md): SQLRollbackTransaction[conn] terminates an SQL transaction. SQLRollbackTransaction[conn, savepoint] returns to an SQLSavepoint.
- [SQLSavepoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLSavepoint.en.md): SQLSavepoint[...] is an object that represents a savepoint in an SQL transaction.
- [SQLSchemaInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLSchemaInformation.en.md): SQLSchemaInformation[conn] returns information about the schemas available through an SQL connection.
- [SQLSchemaNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLSchemaNames.en.md): SQLSchemaNames[conn] returns the names of the schema in an SQL connection.
- [SQLSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLSelect.en.md): SQLSelect[conn, table] extracts data from a table in an SQL connection. SQLSelect[conn, table, cols] extracts data from particular columns. SQLSelect[conn, table, cols, cond] only extracts data that matches cond.
- [SQLServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLServer.en.md): SQLServer[...] is an object that represents a server process started in the Wolfram Language.
- [SQLServerInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLServerInformation.en.md): SQLServerInformation[server] returns a list of information about the SQL server.
- [SQLServerLaunch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLServerLaunch.en.md): SQLServerLaunch[{name -> location, ...}] launches a database server that hosts access to the databases specified in the parameters.
- [SQLServers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLServers.en.md): SQLServers[] returns a list of the open SQLServer objects.
- [SQLServerShutdown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLServerShutdown.en.md): SQLServerShutdown[server] shuts down an active SQLServer started in the Wolfram Language.
- [SQLSetSavepoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLSetSavepoint.en.md): SQLSetSavepoint[conn, name] creates a savepoint to be used as part of an SQL transaction.
- [SQLStringMatchQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLStringMatchQ.en.md): SQLStringMatchQ[col, patt] specifies a condition in an SQL query used to test whether the value of a column matches a pattern. The actual format for the pattern varies from one database to another.
- [SQLTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTable.en.md): SQLTable[...] represents a table in an SQL connection.
- [SQLTableExportedKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTableExportedKeys.en.md): SQLTableExportedKeys[conn, table] returns information about foreign keys that reference the primary key of table.
- [SQLTableImportedKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTableImportedKeys.en.md): SQLTableImportedKeys[conn, table] returns information about primary keys referenced by foreign keys in table.
- [SQLTableIndexInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTableIndexInformation.en.md): SQLTableIndexInformation[conn] returns a table of indices and statistics for a table.
- [SQLTableInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTableInformation.en.md): SQLTableInformation[conn] returns a list of information about the tables in an SQL connection. SQLTableInformation[conn, table] returns information about table.
- [SQLTableNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTableNames.en.md): SQLTableNames[conn] returns the names of each table in an SQL connection. SQLTableNames[conn, table] returns the names matching table.
- [SQLTablePrimaryKeys](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTablePrimaryKeys.en.md): SQLTablePrimaryKeys[conn, table] returns information about the columns comprising the primary key of table.
- [SQLTablePrivileges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTablePrivileges.en.md): SQLTablePrivileges[conn] returns a table of access rights about the tables in an SQL connection. SQLTablePrivileges[conn, table] returns access rights for table.
- [SQLTables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTables.en.md): SQLTables[conn] returns the SQLTable objects for each table in an SQL connection. SQLTables[conn, table] returns objects for tables matching table.
- [SQLTableTypeNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLTableTypeNames.en.md): SQLTableTypeNames[conn] returns the types of table supported in an SQL connection.
- [SQLUpdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/SQLUpdate.en.md): SQLUpdate[conn, table, cols, data] updates data in a table in an SQL connection. SQLUpdate[conn, table, cols, data, cond] updates the data matching cond.
- [WriteDataSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/WriteDataSource.en.md): WriteDataSource[name] writes a new HSQL data source name. WriteDataSource[name, database] writes a new data source for database.
- [$DatabaseLinkDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/$DatabaseLinkDirectory.en.md): $DatabaseLinkDirectory gives the directory where DatabaseLink is installed.
- [$SQLTimeout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/$SQLTimeout.en.md): $SQLTimeout gives the default time in seconds that DatabaseLink waits while opening connections and executing database queries.
- [$SQLUseConnectionPool](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/ref/$SQLUseConnectionPool.en.md): $SQLUseConnectionPool gives the default setting that specifies whether a connection pool is used to retrieve a connection.

### Tutorials

- [Column Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/ColumnStructure.en.md): This section discusses commands that get information about database columns. If you find that the examples in this section do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. Functions for retrieving information about columns.
- [Comparing Wolfram Language-Style Queries and SQL-Style Queries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/ComparingMathematicaAndSQLStyleQueries.en.md): DatabaseLink provides two styles of commands for working with data: one for those who are familiar with the Wolfram Language and the other for those who are familiar with SQL. The Wolfram Language style requires less knowledge of SQL. However, the Wolfram Language commands do not give complete coverage; thus, for more advanced queries, SQL-style commands may be preferred. The latter may also be desirable if you already have a knowledge of SQL. DatabaseLink offers a number of functions for ...
- [Connection Pools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/ConnectionPools.en.md): Database connection pools are a common way to improve the performance of database operations. They can be useful because creating a new connection can easily take several seconds to establish; this is a problem when the database operation is one that only needs a few milliseconds. DatabaseLink provides a connection pool mechanism built on top of the Apache Commons DBCP, http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dbcp/index.html. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you ...
- [Creating Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/CreatingTables.en.md): SQLCreateTable creates a new table in a database. An alternative, using raw SQL, is described in Creating Tables with Raw SQL. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. When creating a table, the result of SQLCreateTable is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query. If the table is created ...
- [Database Connections](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/DatabaseConnections.en.md): The first step in using a database is making a connection. This part of the tutorial discusses how to do this. If you are just starting to use DatabaseLink, you might want to look at some of the basic examples in this tutorial. Then, to learn if DatabaseLink comes with a driver for your database, you might want to study Database Connections: JDBC Connections, which contains further information about adding new drivers. Finally, if you want to give your connection a name, you might want to ...
- [Database Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/DatabaseReference.en.md): HSQLDB is a relational database engine written in Java that is bundled with DatabaseLink, which also contains a JDBC driver and necessary configuration. It offers a small (about 100k), fast database engine, which can run in a variety of ways, including server, in-process, and in-memory modes. DatabaseLink is configured to use an in-process standalone mode. This makes it very simple to run and use (no special configuration is required). However, it means that nothing else can connect to the ...
- [Database Resources](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/DatabaseResources.en.md): DatabaseLink allows other Wolfram Language applications to hold resource information for database connections in DatabaseResources directories. There are a number of possible locations of DatabaseResources directories inside $InstallationDirectory, $BaseDirectory, and $UserBaseDirectory. The command DatabaseResourcesPath shows the current locations of DatabaseResources directories. DatabaseResources directories can hold two sorts of files: those that contain JDBC settings and those that ...
- [Data Type Mapping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/DataTypeMapping.en.md): One of the most important issues for using a database is the conversion of data as it is stored and retrieved from a database. This tutorial will discuss how Wolfram Language expressions interact with data stored in a database. The following table shows the mappings between data types and Wolfram Language expressions. For example, a Wolfram Language Integer expression can be stored in SQL integral types such as INTEGER and TINYINT. In addition, if data from a column that is of type VARCHAR is ...
- [Deleting Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/DeletingData.en.md): SQLDelete deletes data from a database. An alternative, using raw SQL, is described in Deleting Data with Raw SQL. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. The result of SQLDelete is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query. Thus, if three rows are removed, the result is three, and if no rows are ...
- [Dropping Tables](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/DroppingTables.en.md): SQLDropTable drops tables from a database. An alternative, using raw SQL, is demonstrated in Dropping Tables with Raw SQL. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. The result of SQLDropTable is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query.
- [Getting Started](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/GettingStarted.en.md): This tutorial contains simple examples of DatabaseLink that give an overview of its functionality and some ideas of how to get started. It uses a lightweight database, HSQLDB, that is installed as part of DatabaseLink. This allows you to try examples in the documentation without having to install your own database. The other DatabaseLink tutorials give detailed reference information. DatabaseLink provides two styles of interface for working with a database: a command-line interface, which is ...
- [Inserting Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/InsertingData.en.md): SQLInsert inserts data into a database. An alternative, using raw SQL, is described in Inserting Data with Raw SQL. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. The result of SQLInsert is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query. For a single insert this will be 1, since you can only insert one row at ...
- [Introduction to DatabaseLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Data storage, indexing, and retrieval have long been crucial tasks of many large organizations such as governments, banks, hospitals, and libraries. As human societies have grown increasingly complex, data management requirements have also increased. Some of the new challenges include the complexity of what the data represents, how the data is used, and the sheer volume of data. Since the development of modern electronic computers in the latter half of the twentieth century, tools such as ...
- [DatabaseLink User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction to DatabaseLink Getting Started Database Connections
- [Performance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/Performance.en.md): When large amounts of data are being transferred between the Wolfram Language and a database, you may find that the operations are slow. In this case, it may be advantageous to use a batch operation mode. If many small operations are being repeated, this will be likely to improve the performance. This section will demonstrate how to use batch statements. If you find that the examples in this section do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the ...
- [Result Sets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/ResultSets.en.md): When many rows of data are returned from a database query, a significant amount of memory may be required to hold the result. If all of the data does not need to be available at the same time, it might be preferable to get the result row by row or a few rows at a time. Rows can then be processed individually or in small groups. This functionality is provided by the SQL result set functions of DatabaseLink. Result set operations involve creating a result set, reading from it, and then closing ...
- [Schema and Catalogs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SchemaAndCatalogs.en.md): Database schema and catalogs can be used to hold collections of database components and objects suitable for particular users. They can be particularly useful when working with large databases. The functions SQLSchemaNamesand SQLCatalogNames can be used to learn the names of the schema and catalogs in the database. These can be used with the Schema and Catalog options to SQLTableNames, SQLTableInformation, SQLTables, SQLColumnNames, SQLColumnInformation, and SQLColumns to focus attention on ...
- [Secure Socket Layer (SSL)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SecureSocketLayer.en.md): Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a protocol for providing secure transactions between servers and clients. It uses a certificate to identify one or both ends of the transaction. It can be useful for database communications to protect any authentication information, such as usernames and passwords, as well as the actual data itself. Some databases support SSL and some do not. To know if your database supports SSL, you need to study the documentation for your database and work with the administrator ...
- [Security and Authentication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SecurityAndAuthentication.en.md): Many SQL databases can be configured to require a username and password when a connection is made. This is useful for preventing unwanted access and restricting the range of operations that certain users can execute. This attention to security is important, since databases are typically server based. There are a number of issues for DatabaseLink that need to be considered when working with passwords. These depend on the level of security you want and how this should be balanced with ...
- [Selecting Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SelectingData.en.md): SQLSelect selects and returns data from a database. An alternative, using raw SQL, is described in Selecting Data with Raw SQL. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. Retrieving data from a database.
- [Creating Tables with Raw SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLCreatingTables.en.md): The raw SQL command CREATE TABLE creates tables in a database. An alternative is to use the Wolfram Language command SQLCreateTable, described in Creating Tables. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. When creating a table, the result of SQLExecute is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query. ...
- [Deleting Data with Raw SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLDeletingData.en.md): The raw SQL command DELETE deletes data from a database. An alternative is to use the Wolfram Language command SQLDelete, described in Deleting Data. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. When deleting data, the result of SQLExecute is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query.
- [Dropping Tables with Raw SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLDroppingTables.en.md): The raw SQL command DROP TABLE drops tables from a database. An alternative is to use the Wolfram Language command SQLDropTable, described in Dropping Tables. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. When dropping a table, the result of SQLExecute will be $Failed if there is an error.
- [SQLExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLExecute.en.md): SQLExecute allows SQL statements to be executed. Statements can be used to select data, create tables, insert data, update data, remove data, and drop tables. The statement used by SQLExecute is a string that can contain all arguments. However, it is also possible to give the arguments separately, which makes the statement a prepared statement. SQLExecute can also be used to execute a batch of prepared statements with different arguments, as described in Batch Input. Executing SQL statements. ...
- [Inserting Data with Raw SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLInsertingData.en.md): The SQL command INSERT inserts data into a database. An alternative is to use the Wolfram Language command SQLInsert, as described in Inserting Data. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. When inserting data, the result of SQLExecute is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query.
- [Selecting Data with Raw SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLSelectingData.en.md): The raw SQL command SELECT selects and returns data from a database. An alternative is to use the Wolfram Language command SQLSelect, described in Selecting Data. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. This loads DatabaseLink and connects to the publisher database.
- [Updating Data with Raw SQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SQLUpdatingData.en.md): The raw SQL command UPDATE updates data in a database. An alternative is to use the Wolfram Language command SQLUpdate, described in Updating Data. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. When updating data, the result of SQLExecute is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query.
- [Data Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/SupportedDataTypes.en.md): This tutorial discusses how to retrieve information about data types. When you create a table, you will need to refer to these data types. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. Functions for retrieving information about data types.
- [Table Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/TableStructure.en.md): This section discusses commands that get information about database tables. If you find that the examples in this section do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. Functions for retrieving information about tables.
- [The Database Explorer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/TheDatabaseExplorer.en.md): The Database Explorer is a graphical interface to DatabaseLink. It provides a number of useful functions, such as managing connections and working with the data in a database. It can be launched by loading DatabaseLink and executing the command DatabaseExplorer. If you find that the examples in this section do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. On Windows it ...
- [Transactions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/Transactions.en.md): Some database operations involve carrying out a sequence of database commands. For example, information in two different tables may need to be updated. In these cases, it may be very important that if one update is carried out, the other is also. If only one is done, it may leave the data inconsistent. You can use database transactions to ensure that all the operations are carried out. In addition, you can use transactions as a way of backing out of the middle of a sequence of operations. This ...
- [Updating Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/UpdatingData.en.md): SQLUpdate modifies data in a database. An alternative, using raw SQL, is described in Updating Data with Raw SQL. If you find that the examples in this tutorial do not work as shown, you may need to install or restore the example database with the DatabaseLink`DatabaseExamples` package, as described in Using the Example Databases. The result of SQLUpdate is an integer specifying the number of rows affected by the query.
- [Using the Example Databases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DatabaseLink/tutorial/UsingTheExampleDatabases.en.md): DatabaseLink contains a number of example databases (many use HSQLDB). These allow you to try examples in the documentation and learn the details of working with databases in the Wolfram Language. The examples are configured to run in $UserBaseDirectory/DatabaseResources/Examples (they cannot reside inside the main Wolfram System installation directory). To run these examples you will need to install them. You can do this by copying the files or by running the command DatabaseExamplesBuild ...

## Developer


### Guide Pages

- [Developer Utilities Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/guide/DeveloperPackage.en.md): The Developer Utilities Package includes functions that directly access specific internal algorithms and capabilities of the Wolfram Language that are normally used only as part of more general functions.

### Reference Pages

- [BesselSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/BesselSimplify.en.md): BesselSimplify[expr] transforms Bessel functions in expr, trying to either decrease the number of Bessel functions, or convert Bessel functions into more elementary functions.
- [CellInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/CellInformation.en.md): CellInformation[obj] gives information about selected cells in the notebook represented by the notebook object obj.
- [FindDivisions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/FindDivisions.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FindDivisions has been added to the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [FromPackedArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/FromPackedArray.en.md): FromPackedArray[expr] unpacks expr so that its internal representation is not a packed array.
- [GammaSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/GammaSimplify.en.md): GammaSimplify[expr] transforms gamma functions in expr, trying to either decrease the number of gamma functions, or convert combinations of them into more elementary functions.
- [MachineIntegerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/MachineIntegerQ.en.md): MachineIntegerQ[expr] returns True if expr corresponds to a machine-sized integer, and False otherwise.
- [NotebookConvert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/NotebookConvert.en.md): NotebookConvert[name] converts a Wolfram Language notebook from a previous version of Mathematica to one for the current version.
- [PackedArrayForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/PackedArrayForm.en.md): PackedArrayForm[expr] prints with packed arrays in expr shown in summary form, without all their elements explicitly given.
- [PackedArrayQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/PackedArrayQ.en.md): PackedArrayQ[expr] returns True if expr is a packed array in its internal representation, and returns False otherwise. PackedArrayQ[expr, type] returns True if expr is a packed array of objects of the specified type. PackedArrayQ[expr, type, rank] returns True if expr is a packed array of the specified rank.
- [PartitionMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/PartitionMap.en.md): As of Version 10.2, PartitionMap has been superseded by BlockMap.
- [PolyGammaSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/PolyGammaSimplify.en.md): PolyGammaSimplify[expr] transforms polygamma functions in expr, trying to either decrease the number of polygamma functions, or convert combinations of them into more elementary functions.
- [PolyLogSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/PolyLogSimplify.en.md): PolyLogSimplify[expr] transforms polylogarithm functions in expr, trying to either decrease the number of polylogarithm functions, or convert combinations of them into more elementary functions.
- [ReplaceAllUnheld](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/ReplaceAllUnheld.en.md): ReplaceAllUnheld[expr, rules] applies a rule or list of rules in an attempt to transform each subpart of expr that would be automatically evaluated.
- [ToPackedArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/ToPackedArray.en.md): ToPackedArray[expr] uses packed arrays if possible in the internal representation of expr.
- [TrigToRadicals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/TrigToRadicals.en.md): TrigToRadicals[expr] converts trigonometric functions to radicals whenever possible in expr.
- [ZeroQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/ZeroQ.en.md): As of Version 6.0, ZeroQ has been superseded by PossibleZeroQ.
- [ZetaSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/ZetaSimplify.en.md): ZetaSimplify[expr] transforms zeta functions in expr, trying to either decrease the number of zeta functions, or convert combinations of them into more elementary functions.
- [$InactivateExclusions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/$InactivateExclusions.en.md): $InactivateExclusions is a variable whose value is used to determine which heads Inactivate should ignore.
- [$MaxMachineInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Developer/ref/$MaxMachineInteger.en.md): $MaxMachineInteger gives the maximum integer that is represented internally as a single atomic data element on your computer system.

## DocumentationTools


### Tutorials

- [Authoring Guide Pages Using Documentation Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/tutorial/AuthoringGuidePagesUsingDocumentationTools.en.md): A guide page focuses on a single topic, providing links to functions that share functionality. Sections are provided to link to other related documents. The material below assumes that you have already set up an appropriate paclet directory structure for saving and working with documentation using Documentation Tools. To learn more about creating paclets, consult the Creating Paclets tutorial. Below, a paclet called Example will be used, with PublisherID JohnDoe.
- [Authoring Symbol Pages Using Documentation Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/tutorial/AuthoringSymbolPagesUsingDocumentationTools.en.md): A symbol page (also called a function page) focuses on a single function or option, providing its different input templates with corresponding usage description, additional notes including the function's options, if any, and a set of examples. Sections are provided to link to other related documents. The material below assumes that you have already set up an appropriate paclet directory structure for saving and working with documentation using Documentation Tools. To learn more about creating ...
- [Authoring Tech Notes Using Documentation Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/tutorial/AuthoringTechNotesUsingDocumentationTools.en.md): A tech note focuses on a particular piece of functionality and includes examples, tables with links and short descriptions of useful functions, and mathematical textbook-like information. Sections are provided to link to other related documents. The material below assumes that you have already set up an appropriate paclet directory structure for saving and working with documentation using Documentation Tools. To learn more about creating paclets, consult the Creating Paclets tutorial. Below, a ...
- [Documentation Tools Quick Start](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/tutorial/DocumentationToolsQuickStart.en.md): Add Paclet... Choose the directory of the paclet you are developing documentation for. The directory specified can be empty, it can just have a PacletInfo.m or PacletInfo.wl file, or it can, in addition, have files and directories making up a paclet that can be loaded and whose functions can be called. More information can be found in Configure a Paclet for Use with Documentation Tools. Paclet Inspector Displays a table of paclet names referenced in ...

### Workflows

- [Configure a Paclet for Use with Documentation Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/workflow/ConfigureAPacletForUseWithDocumentationTools.en.md): Create new documentation or manage paclets with Documentation Tools.
- [Create a New Guide Page](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/workflow/CreateANewGuidePage.en.md): Guide pages list functions that exist in a paclet and provide an indication of their functionality. They also provide links to the individual function pages.
- [Create a New Tech Note](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/workflow/CreateANewTechNote.en.md): Tech Notes provide a deeper look into a paclet's functionality.
- [Generate Function Pages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/DocumentationTools/workflow/GenerateFunctionPages.en.md): Create function pages individually or automatically from symbol names.

## EquationTrekker


### Guide Pages

- [Equation Trekker Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/guide/EquationTrekkerPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [DifferentialEquationTrek](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/DifferentialEquationTrek.en.md): DifferentialEquationTrek is a setting for the option TrekGenerator that specifies that treks are generated from the phase space of the numerical solution of a differential equation.
- [EquationTrekker](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/EquationTrekker.en.md): EquationTrekker[eqn, x, {t, tmin, tmax}] opens a graphical interface for specifying initial conditions and plotting the resulting numerical solution to the first- or second-order ordinary differential equation eqn for the function x with the independent variable t in the range tmin to tmax. EquationTrekker[eqns, {x, y}, {t, tmin, tmax}] opens a graphical interface for specifying initial conditions and plotting the resulting numerical solution to the system of two first-order ordinary ...
- [EquationTrekkerNonModal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/EquationTrekkerNonModal.en.md): EquationTrekkerNonModal is the nonmodal dialog version of EquationTrekker.
- [EquationTrekkerState](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/EquationTrekkerState.en.md): EquationTrekkerState[{eqns, dvars, {t, tmin, tmax}}, params, treks, opts] is the data object returned by the function EquationTrekker that contains the information needed to restore the graphical interface to the state it was in when the EquationTrekker window was closed.
- [InitializeGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/InitializeGenerator.en.md): InitializeGenerator[gen, problem, dvars, {t, tmin, tmax}, opts] returns the trek generator gen[data] when called by EquationTrekker. The specific form of data depends on the trek generator gen. IntializeGenerator[gen, problem, dvars, opts] returns a trek generator that does not use an independent variable.
- [PoincareSection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/PoincareSection.en.md): PoincareSection is a setting for the option TrekGenerator that specifies that the Poincaré section for differential equations is used to generate treks.
- [TrekData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/TrekData.en.md): TrekData[tag, data] is a data object that contains the information necessary to recreate the trek associated with the tag tag in a graphical interface created by EquationTrekker.
- [TrekGenerator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/TrekGenerator.en.md): TrekGenerator is an option to EquationTrekker that specifies the method used to generate treks.
- [TrekParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/ref/TrekParameters.en.md): TrekParameters is an option to EquationTrekker that specifies the dynamic parameters and their ranges.

### Tutorials

- [EquationTrekker Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/EquationTrekker/tutorial/EquationTrekker.en.md): This package provides an interactive tool for investigating the solutions of differential equations as well as other types of equations that have solutions that can be viewed as paths or trajectories. The Wolfram Language provides a general tool, NDSolve, for finding numerical solutions of differential equations. The ability to simply specify differentiation equations in mathematical form gives a great deal of convenience over Fortran and C++ solver packages. However, for low-dimensional ...

## ErrorBarPlots


### Guide Pages

- [ErrorBar Plotting Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorBarPlots/guide/ErrorBarPlottingPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [ErrorBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorBarPlots/ref/ErrorBar.en.md): As of Version 12, ErrorBar has been superseded by Around.
- [ErrorBarFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorBarPlots/ref/ErrorBarFunction.en.md): As of Version 12, ErrorBarFunction has been superseded by IntervalMarkers.
- [ErrorListPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorBarPlots/ref/ErrorListPlot.en.md): As of Version 12, ErrorListPlot has been superseded by ListPlot.

## ErrorHandling


### Reference Pages

- [Confirm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorHandling/ref/Confirm.en.md): Confirm[expr] confirms that expr does not represent an error, otherwise throwing a Failure to the nearest lexically surrounding Enclose. Confirm[expr, info] if expr represents an error, evaluates info and includes the result in the thrown Failure. Confirm[expr, info, tag] uses the specified tag for any thrown errors.
- [ConfirmMatch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorHandling/ref/ConfirmMatch.en.md): ConfirmMatch[expr, form] confirms that expr matches the pattern form, otherwise throwing a Failure to the nearest lexically surrounding Enclose. ConfirmMatch[expr, form, info] if expr does not match form, evaluates info and includes the result in the thrown Failure. ConfirmMatch[expr, form, info, tag] uses the tag tag for any thrown errors.
- [Enclose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ErrorHandling/ref/Enclose.en.md): Enclose[expr] evaluates expr, returning a Failure if an uncaught error is generated. Enclose[expr, f] returns f[err] for the caught error err. Enclose[expr, f, tag] only catches errors generated with a tag matching tag.

## Experimental


### Guide Pages

- [Experimental Functions Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/guide/ExperimentalPackage.en.md): The Experimental Functions Package contains functions that are being considered for official inclusion in future versions of the Wolfram Language.

### Reference Pages

- [CompileEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/ref/CompileEvaluate.en.md): CompileEvaluate[expr] compiles expr and then evaluates the resulting compiled code.
- [ExistsRealQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/ref/ExistsRealQ.en.md): This functionality has been replaced by Resolve and related symbols.
- [ForAllRealQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/ref/ForAllRealQ.en.md): This functionality has been replaced by Resolve and related symbols.
- [ImpliesQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/ref/ImpliesQ.en.md): This functionality has been replaced by Resolve and related symbols.
- [ImpliesRealQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/ref/ImpliesRealQ.en.md): This functionality has been replaced by Resolve and related symbols.
- [ValueFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Experimental/ref/ValueFunction.en.md): ValueFunction[symb] represents a function to be applied whenever the symbol symb gets a new value.

## FEMDocumentation


### Guide Pages

- [Finite Element Method](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/guide/FiniteElementMethodGuide.en.md): The finite element method is a numerical method to solve differential equations over arbitrary-shaped domains. The finite element method is implemented in NDSolve as a spacial discretization method, and the primary usage of the finite element method is through NDSolve. Furthermore, interfaces to low-level finite element functionality are provided.

### Reference Pages

- [BoundaryConditionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/BoundaryConditionData.en.md): BoundaryConditionData[...] represents data that is used for discretizing partial differential equation boundary conditions.
- [BoundaryUnitNormal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/BoundaryUnitNormal.en.md): BoundaryUnitNormal[x, y, ...] represents an outward-pointing unit normal vector OverscriptBox[n, \\[RightVector]] on a region.
- [DeployBoundaryConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/DeployBoundaryConditions.en.md): DeployBoundaryConditions[{l, s}, dbc] modifies the vector l and the matrix s such that the discretized boundary conditions dbc take effect. DeployBoundaryConditions[{l, s, d}, dbc] additionally modifies the matrix d. DeployBoundaryConditions[{l, s, d, m}, dbc] additionally modifies the matrix m.
- [DiscontinuousInterpolatingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/DiscontinuousInterpolatingFunction.en.md): DiscontinuousInterpolatingFunction[] represents an approximate discontinuous function whose values are found by interpolation.
- [DiscretizeBoundaryConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/DiscretizeBoundaryConditions.en.md): DiscretizeBoundaryConditions[bcdata, mdata, sd, dep] discretizes the part with dependence dep of the boundary condition data bcdata based on method data mdata and solution data sd to generate a DiscretizedBoundaryConditionData object.
- [DiscretizedBoundaryConditionData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/DiscretizedBoundaryConditionData.en.md): DiscretizedBoundaryConditionData[...] represents discretized partial differential equation boundary condition data.
- [DiscretizedPDEData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/DiscretizedPDEData.en.md): DiscretizedPDEData[...] represents discretized partial differential equation data.
- [DiscretizePDE](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/DiscretizePDE.en.md): DiscretizePDE[cdata, mdata, sd, dep] discretizes the part with dependence dep of the PDE coefficient data cdata based on method data mdata and solution data sd to generate a DiscretizedPDEData object.
- [ElementIncidents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementIncidents.en.md): ElementIncidents[m] returns incidents of a mesh element m.
- [ElementMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementMarkers.en.md): ElementMarkers[m] returns markers of a mesh element m.
- [ElementMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementMesh.en.md): ElementMesh[...] represents data that is used for describing a discrete partitioning of a region or a boundary of a region.
- [ElementMeshInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementMeshInterpolation.en.md): ElementMeshInterpolation[{emesh}, {f1, f2, ...}] constructs an InterpolatingFunction object of the function values fj, corresponding to coordinate j of an ElementMesh object. ElementMeshInterpolation[{{t1, t2, ...}, emesh}, {{{f11, f12, ...}}, {{f21, f22, ...}}, ...}] constructs an interpolation of the function values fij, corresponding to discrete ti and coordinate j of an ElementMesh object.
- [ElementMeshProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementMeshProjection.en.md): ElementMeshProjection[mesh, p] applies the projection p to the coordinates of an ElementMesh mesh.
- [ElementMeshQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementMeshQ.en.md): TraditionalForm\\`ElementMeshQ[TraditionalForm\\`expr] gives True if expr is an ElementMesh.
- [ElementMeshRegionProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ElementMeshRegionProduct.en.md): ElementMeshRegionProduct[mesh1, mesh2] represents the Cartesian product of the ElementMesh mesh1 and mesh2.
- [EvaluateOnElementMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/EvaluateOnElementMesh.en.md): EvaluateOnElementMesh[{x1, ...}, f, mesh] returns an InterpolatingFunction where f depending on formal parameters {x1, ...} was evaluated on the ElementMesh mesh. EvaluateOnElementMesh[{x1, ...}, {f 1, ...}, mesh] evaluates multiple expressions {f1, ...} on the same mesh mesh. EvaluateOnElementMesh[{x1, ...}, f, mesh] returns a DiscontinuousInterpolatingFunction if mesh has multiple material regions.
- [FEMMethodData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/FEMMethodData.en.md): FEMMethodData[...] represents data that is used for the finite element method.
- [FiniteElementData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/FiniteElementData.en.md): FiniteElementData[...] represents data in NDSolve`StateData that is used for the finite element method.
- [HexahedronElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/HexahedronElement.en.md): HexahedronElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 8]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 8]}}] represents n linear hexahedron elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], ...i Subscript[k, 8]}. HexahedronElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 20]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 20]}}] represents n quadratic hexahedron elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], ..., i Subscript[k, 20]}. HexahedronElement[{e1, ..., en}, {m1, ..., mn}] represents ...
- [InitializeBoundaryConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/InitializeBoundaryConditions.en.md): InitializeBoundaryConditions[vd, sd, {{bc11, ...}, {bc21, \\ ...}, ...}] initializes the system of boundary conditions beqni in accordance with variable data vd and solution data sd to generate a BoundaryConditionData object.
- [InitializePDECoefficients](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/InitializePDECoefficients.en.md): InitializePDECoefficients[vd, sd, rules] initializes the coefficients specified by rules in accordance with variable data vd and solution data sd to generate a PDECoefficientData object.
- [InitializePDEMethodData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/InitializePDEMethodData.en.md): InitializePDEMethodData[vd, sd, m] returns a method data object for the method specified by m according to variable data vd and solution data sd.
- [LineElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/LineElement.en.md): LineElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], i Subscript[1, 2]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], i Subscript[n, 2]}}] represents n linear line elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2]}. LineElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 3]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 3]}}] represents n quadratic line elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2], i Subscript[k, 3]}. LineElement[{e1, ..., en}, {m1, ..., mn}] represents n line elements ek and n ...
- [NumericalRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/NumericalRegion.en.md): NumericalRegion[...] represents data that is used for describing a numerical region.
- [PDECoefficientData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/PDECoefficientData.en.md): PDECoefficientData[...] represents data that is used for discretizing partial differential equations.
- [PDESolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/PDESolve.en.md): PDESolve[cdata, bcdata, vd, sd, mdata] solves a PDE based on coefficient data cdata, boundary condition data bcdata, variable data vd, solution data sd and method data mdata to return new solution data.
- [PointElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/PointElement.en.md): PointElement[{{i1}, ..., {in}}] represents n point elements ek with incidents {ik}. PointElement[{e1, ..., en}, {m1, ..., mn}] represents n point elements ek and n integer markers mk.
- [PrismElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/PrismElement.en.md): PrismElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], i Subscript[1, 2], i Subscript[1, 3], i Subscript[1, 4], i Subscript[1, 5], i Subscript[1, 6]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], i Subscript[n, 2], i Subscript[n, 3], i Subscript[n, 4], i Subscript[n, 5], i Subscript[n, 6]}}] represents n linear prism elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2], i Subscript[k, 3], i Subscript[k, 4], i Subscript[k, 5], i Subscript[k, 6]}. PrismElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 15]}, ..., {i ...
- [ProcessPDESolutions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ProcessPDESolutions.en.md): ProcessPDESolutions[mdata, sd] generates InterpolatingFunction objects from the solution data sd and method data mdata.
- [PyramidElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/PyramidElement.en.md): PyramidElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], i Subscript[1, 2], i Subscript[1, 3], i Subscript[1, 4], i Subscript[1, 5]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], i Subscript[n, 2], i Subscript[n, 3], i Subscript[n, 4], i Subscript[n, 5]}}] represents n linear pyramid elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2], i Subscript[k, 3], i Subscript[k, 4], i Subscript[k, 5]}. PyramidElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 13]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 13]}}] represents n ...
- [QuadElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/QuadElement.en.md): QuadElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], i Subscript[1, 2], i Subscript[1, 3], i Subscript[1, 4]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], i Subscript[n, 2], i Subscript[n, 3], i Subscript[n, 4]}}] represents n linear quad elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2], i Subscript[k, 3], i Subscript[k, 4]}. QuadElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 8]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 8]}}] represents n quadratic quad elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], ..., i ...
- [TetrahedronElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/TetrahedronElement.en.md): TetrahedronElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], i Subscript[1, 2], i Subscript[1, 3], i Subscript[1, 4]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], i Subscript[n, 2], i Subscript[n, 3], i Subscript[n, 4]}}] represents n linear tetrahedron elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2], i Subscript[k, 3], i Subscript[k, 4]}. TetrahedronElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 10]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 10]}}] represents n quadratic tetrahedron elements ek with incidents ...
- [ToBoundaryMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ToBoundaryMesh.en.md): ToBoundaryMesh[r] generates a boundary ElementMesh object from the boundary of a region r. ToBoundaryMesh[r, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] generates a boundary ElementMesh object from the boundary of a region r restricted to the bounding box [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis]. ToBoundaryMesh[rules] generates a boundary ElementMesh object from a set of rules specifying coordinates and boundary elements. ToBoundaryMesh[emesh] generates a new boundary ElementMesh object from an existing ElementMesh, ...
- [ToElementMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ToElementMesh.en.md): ToElementMesh[r] generates an ElementMesh object from a region r. ToElementMesh[r, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] generates an ElementMesh object from a region r restricted to the bounding box [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis]. ToElementMesh[rules] generates an ElementMesh object from a set of rules specifying coordinates and elements. ToElementMesh[emesh] generates a new ElementMesh object from an existing ElementMesh, MeshRegion, or BoundaryMeshRegion.
- [ToGradedMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ToGradedMesh.en.md): ToGradedMesh[{l, <|prop -> p, ...|>}] creates a graded 1D mesh from a Line primitive l with property prop p. ToGradedMesh[{{l 1, ...}, {l2, ...}}] creates a graded 1D mesh from several Line primitives.
- [ToNumericalRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/ToNumericalRegion.en.md): ToNumericalRegion[r] generates a NumericalRegion object from a region r. ToNumericalRegion[r, {{xmin, xmax}, ...}] generates a NumericalRegion object from a region r restricted to the bounding box [xmin, xmax]*\\[CenterEllipsis]. ToNumericalRegion[emesh] generates a NumericalRegion object from an ElementMesh object.
- [TriangleElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/TriangleElement.en.md): TriangleElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], i Subscript[1, 2], i Subscript[1, 3]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], i Subscript[n, 2], i Subscript[n, 3]}}] represents n linear triangle elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], i Subscript[k, 2], i Subscript[k, 3]}. TriangleElement[{{i Subscript[1, 1], ..., i Subscript[1, 6]}, ..., {i Subscript[n, 1], ..., i Subscript[n, 6]}}] represents n quadratic triangle elements ek with incidents {i Subscript[k, 1], ..., i Subscript[k, 6]}. TriangleElement[{e1, ..., ...

#### message


##### DiscretizePDE

- [DiscretizePDE::femdpop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/DiscretizePDE/femdpop.en.md): DiscretizePDE::femdpop

##### ElementMesh

- [ElementMesh::fembdct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/ElementMesh/fembdct.en.md): ElementMesh::fembdct
- [ElementMesh::fembdel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/ElementMesh/fembdel.en.md): ElementMesh::fembdel
- [ElementMesh::femimq](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/ElementMesh/femimq.en.md): ElementMesh::femimq

##### InitializeBoundaryConditions

- [NDEigensystem::fembdcc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializeBoundaryConditions/fembdcc.en.md): NDEigensystem::fembdcc NDEigenvalues::fembdcc NDSolve::fembdcc NDSolveValue::fembdcc ParametricNDSolve::fembdcc ParametricNDSolveValue::fembdcc InitializeBoundaryConditions::fembdcc
- [InitializeBoundaryConditions::fembderiv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializeBoundaryConditions/fembderiv.en.md): InitializeBoundaryConditions::fembderiv
- [InitializeBoundaryConditions::fembdnl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializeBoundaryConditions/fembdnl.en.md): InitializeBoundaryConditions::fembdnl
- [InitializeBoundaryConditions::femibcnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializeBoundaryConditions/femibcnd.en.md): InitializeBoundaryConditions::femibcnd

##### InitializePDECoefficients

- [InitializePDECoefficients::femcmsd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializePDECoefficients/femcmsd.en.md): InitializePDECoefficients::femcmsd
- [NDEigensystem::fembdcc](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializePDECoefficients/femcnmd.en.md): NDEigensystem::fembdcc NDEigenvalues::fembdcc NDSolve::fembdcc NDSolveValue::fembdcc ParametricNDSolve::fembdcc ParametricNDSolveValue::fembdcc InitializePDECoefficients::femcnmd
- [InitializePDECoefficients::femcnsd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializePDECoefficients/femcnsd.en.md): InitializePDECoefficients::femcnsd
- [InitializePDECoefficients::femcscd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializePDECoefficients/femcscd.en.md): InitializePDECoefficients::femcscd
- [InitializePDECoefficients::femcsp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializePDECoefficients/femcsp.en.md): InitializePDECoefficients::femcsp
- [InitializePDECoefficients::femnlmdor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/InitializePDECoefficients/femnlmdor.en.md): InitializePDECoefficients::femnlmdor

##### ToElementMesh

- [ToElementMesh::femtemnbb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/ref/message/ToElementMesh/femtemnbb.en.md): ToElementMesh::femtemnbb

### Tutorials

- [Element Mesh Generation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/ElementMeshCreation.en.md): In order to use mesh generation functionality, the finite element method (FEM) package needs to be loaded. Load the package. Many numerical solution techniques work by replacing a region of interest with an approximation of that region. This approximation is called a discrete region. The discrete region is partitioned into a collection of smaller elements that, as a sum, make up the entire discrete region. This partitioned discrete region is called a mesh. Finding the numerical solution is ...
- [Element Mesh Visualization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/ElementMeshVisualization.en.md): The element mesh wireframe visualizations are an efficient means of creating an approximate visualization of an ElementMesh. The visualization uses linear elements to visualize the mesh. For a more complete visualization of meshes, an ElementMesh should be converted to a MeshRegion; HighlightMesh could be used for more advanced visualization. An ElementMesh is typically created with either ToBoundaryMesh or ToElementMesh. To use the package, the FEM context needs to be loaded.
- [Finite Element Method Usage Tips](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/FiniteElementBestPractice.en.md): The aim of this tutorial is to point out possible issues when using the finite element method with NDSolve and related functions such as NDEigensystem and offer best practices to avoid potential issues. Load the finite element package. The solution of partial differential equations can be time consuming. This is particularly true for large-scale nonlinear PDEs. To monitor the solution process of nonlinear PDEs, EvaluationMonitor and StepMonitor can be used. In the following example, a ...
- [NDSolve Options for Finite Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/FiniteElementOptions.en.md): If you have never used the finite element method implemented in the Wolfram Language, this tutorial is probably not a good starting place. To get an overview of the finite element method, a first reading should be the tutorial Solving Partial Differential Equations with Finite Elements. This tutorial explains how to fine-tune details of the finite element method. Differential equations come in many forms, such as ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, nonlinear ...
- [Finite Element Method User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/FiniteElementOverview.en.md): Solving Partial Differential Equations with Finite Elements Element Mesh Generation Element Mesh Visualization
- [Finite Element Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/FiniteElementProgramming.en.md): NDSolve provides a high-level, one-step interface for solving partial differential equations with the finite element method. However, you may want to control the steps of the solution process with more detail. The NDSolve`FEM` package provides a lower-level interface that gives extensive control for each part of the solution process. To use the finite element functions, the package needs to be loaded. The low-level functions in the NDSolve`FEM` package may be used for a variety of purposes:
- [Nonlinear Finite Element Method Verification Tests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/NonlinearFiniteElementVerificationTests.en.md): This notebook contains tests that verify that the nonlinear Finite Element method works as expected. To run all tests, SelectAll and press Shift+Enter. The results will then be in the section Test Result Inspection. Differential equations in tests are typically given in inactive form. In some cases, an inactive form of a differential equation is the only way to set a specific differential equation. The exact details of when an inactive equation is used are explained in the Finite Element ...
- [Solving Partial Differential Equations with Finite Elements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FEMDocumentation/tutorial/SolvingPDEwithFEM.en.md): The aim of this tutorial is to give an introductory overview of the finite element method (FEM) as it is implemented in NDSolve. The notebook introduces finite element method concepts for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). First, typical workflows are discussed. The setup of regions, boundary conditions and equations is followed by the solution of the PDE with NDSolve. The visualization and animation of the solution is then introduced, and some theoretical aspects of the finite ...

## FiniteFields


### Guide Pages

- [Finite Fields Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/guide/FiniteFieldsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Characteristic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/Characteristic.en.md): Characteristic[f] gives the characteristic of the field f.
- [ElementToPolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/ElementToPolynomial.en.md): ElementToPolynomial[e, s] gives a polynomial in the symbol s corresponding to the field element e. ElementToPolynomial[f, s] gives the irreducible polynomial in s of the field f.
- [ExtensionDegree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/ExtensionDegree.en.md): ExtensionDegree[f] gives the degree of the extension of the field f over its base field.
- [FieldExp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/FieldExp.en.md): FieldExp[f, n] gives the value of the discrete exponential of n associated with the field f.
- [FieldInd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/FieldInd.en.md): FieldInd[e] gives the value of the discrete logarithm of e.
- [FieldIrreducible](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/FieldIrreducible.en.md): FieldIrreducible[f, s] gives the irreducible polynomial in the symbol s associated with the field f.
- [FromElementCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/FromElementCode.en.md): FromElementCode[f, code] gives the field element of f associated with code, a non-negative integer less than the field size of f.
- [FunctionOfCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/FunctionOfCode.en.md): FunctionOfCode[g] is a setting for the option FormatType that specifies the format g[c] for an element, where c is the integer code for the element.
- [FunctionOfCoefficients](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/FunctionOfCoefficients.en.md): FunctionOfCoefficients[g] is a setting for the option FormatType that specifies the format g[c0, c1, ...] for an element, where c0, c1, ... are the coefficients in the polynomial representation of the element.
- [GF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/GF.en.md): GF[p, d] gives the Galois field that is a degree d extension of the prime field of p elements. GF[q] gives the Galois field with q elements, for q a prime power. GF[p, ilist] represents the Galois field with prime characteristic p and an irreducible polynomial whose coefficient list is given by ilist. GF[p, ilist][elist] represents an element of the Galois field GF[p, ilist] whose polynomial representation has coefficient list elist.
- [IrreduciblePolynomial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/IrreduciblePolynomial.en.md): IrreduciblePolynomial[s, p, d] gives an irreducible polynomial in the symbol s of degree d over the integers modulo the prime p.
- [PerfectPowerQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/PerfectPowerQ.en.md): PerfectPowerQ[e, n] gives True if e is a perfect n^th power in its field, and False otherwise.
- [PolynomialToElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/PolynomialToElement.en.md): PolynomialToElement[f, poly] gives an element in the field f corresponding to the univariate polynomial poly with integer coefficients.
- [PowerList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/PowerList.en.md): PowerList[f] gives a list of the data parts of the nonzero elements of the field f.
- [PowerListQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/PowerListQ.en.md): PowerListQ[f] gives True if the list representing the powers of a primitive element of the field is used to do field arithmetic, and False otherwise.
- [PowerListToField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/PowerListToField.en.md): PowerListToField[list] gives the field associated with the list of element data parts list, where the elements are generated by successive powers of a primitive element.
- [ReduceElement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/ReduceElement.en.md): ReduceElement[e] gives a field element in reduced form.
- [SetFieldFormat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/SetFieldFormat.en.md): SetFieldFormat[f] sets the output form of elements in the field f.
- [Successor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/Successor.en.md): Successor[e] gives the next element in a canonical ordering of the field elements.
- [ToElementCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/ref/ToElementCode.en.md): ToElementCode[e] gives a non-negative integer code, less than the field size, associated with the element e.

### Tutorials

- [Finite Fields Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FiniteFields/tutorial/FiniteFields.en.md): A field is an algebraic structure obeying the rules of ordinary arithmetic. In particular, a field has binary operations of addition and multiplication, both of which are commutative and associative. A field has two special elements, the additive identity 0 and the multiplicative identity 1. This package adds rules to Plus, Times, and Power so that arithmetic on field elements will be defined properly. It also provides low-level utilities for working with finite fields and for formatting ...

## FourierSeries


### Guide Pages

- [Fourier Series Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/guide/FourierSeriesPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [DTFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/DTFourierTransform.en.md): As of Version 7.0, DTFourierTransform has been renamed to FourierSequenceTransform and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [FourierCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/FourierCoefficient.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FourierCoefficient is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [FourierCosCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/FourierCosCoefficient.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FourierCosCoefficient is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [FourierSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/FourierSeries.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FourierSeries is part of the built-in Wolfram System kernel.
- [FourierSinCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/FourierSinCoefficient.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FourierSinCoefficient is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [InverseDTFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/InverseDTFourierTransform.en.md): As of Version 7.0, InverseDTFourierTransform has been renamed to InverseFourierSequenceTransform and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [InverseFourierCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/InverseFourierCoefficient.en.md): InverseFourierCoefficient[expr, n, t] gives the function of t whose Fourier exponential series representation has coefficients given by expr, where expr is a function of n.
- [NDTFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NDTFourierTransform.en.md): NDTFourierTransform[expr, n, \\[Omega]] gives a numerical approximation to the discrete time Fourier transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value \\[Omega], where expr is a function of n.
- [NFourierCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierCoefficient.en.md): NFourierCoefficient[expr, t, n] gives a numerical approximation to the n^th coefficient in the Fourier exponential series expansion of expr, where expr is a periodic function of t with period 2 \\[Pi].
- [NFourierCosCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierCosCoefficient.en.md): NFourierCosCoefficient[expr, t, n] gives a numerical approximation to the n^th coefficient in the Fourier cosine series expansion of expr, where expr is a periodic function of t with period 2 \\[Pi].
- [NFourierCosTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierCosTransform.en.md): NFourierCosTransform[expr, t, \\[Omega]] gives a numerical approximation to the Fourier cosine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value \\[Omega], where expr is a function of n.
- [NFourierSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierSeries.en.md): NFourierSeries[expr, t, n] gives a numerical approximation to the order n Fourier exponential series expansion of expr, where expr is a periodic function of t with period 2 \\[Pi].
- [NFourierSinCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierSinCoefficient.en.md): NFourierSinCoefficient[expr, t, n] gives a numerical approximation to the n^th coefficient in the Fourier sine series expansion of expr, where expr is a periodic function of t with period 2 \\[Pi].
- [NFourierSinTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierSinTransform.en.md): NFourierSinTransform[expr, t, \\[Omega]] gives a numerical approximation to the Fourier sine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value \\[Omega], where expr is a function of n.
- [NFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierTransform.en.md): NFourierTransform[expr, t, \\[Omega]] gives a numerical approximation to the Fourier transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value \\[Omega], where expr is a function of t.
- [NFourierTrigSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NFourierTrigSeries.en.md): NFourierTrigSeries[expr, t, k] gives a numerical approximation to the order n Fourier trigonometric series expansion of expr, where expr is a periodic function of t with period 2 \\[Pi].
- [NInverseDTFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NInverseDTFourierTransform.en.md): NInverseDTFourierTransform[expr, \\[Omega], n] gives a numerical approximation to the inverse discrete time Fourier transform of expr evaluated at the integer n, where expr is a periodic function of \\[Omega] with period 1.
- [NInverseFourierCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NInverseFourierCoefficient.en.md): NInverseFourierCoefficient[expr, n, t] gives a numerical approximation to the function, evaluated at t, whose Fourier exponential series representation has coefficients given by expr, where expr is a function of n.
- [NInverseFourierCosTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NInverseFourierCosTransform.en.md): NInverseFourierCosTransform[expr, \\[Omega], t] gives a numerical approximation to the inverse Fourier cosine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value t, where expr is a function of \\[Omega].
- [NInverseFourierSinTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NInverseFourierSinTransform.en.md): NInverseFourierSinTransform[expr, \\[Omega], t] gives a numerical approximation to the inverse Fourier sine transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value t, where expr is a function of \\[Omega].
- [NInverseFourierTransform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/ref/NInverseFourierTransform.en.md): NInverseFourierTransform[expr, \\[Omega], t] gives a numerical approximation to the inverse Fourier transform of expr evaluated at the numerical value t, where expr is a function of \\[Omega].

### Tutorials

- [Fourier Series Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FourierSeries/tutorial/FourierSeries.en.md): The Wolfram Language kernel provides the functions FourierTransform and InverseFourierTransform for computing the symbolic Fourier exponential transform and inverse transform. It also provides the functions FourierSinTransform, InverseFourierSinTransform, FourierCosTransform, and InverseFourierCosTransform for computing the symbolic Fourier sine and cosine transforms and their inverses. As of Version 7, FourierSeries and related functions are also included in the Wolfram Language kernel. This ...

## FunctionApproximations


### Guide Pages

- [Function Approximations Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/guide/FunctionApproximationsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Bias](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/Bias.en.md): Bias is an option to RationalInterpolation, GeneralRationalInterpolation, MiniMaxApproximation, and GeneralMiniMaxApproximation that specifies the bias to apply when automatically picking interpolation points.
- [Brake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/Brake.en.md): Brake is an option to MiniMaxApproximation and GeneralMiniMaxApproximation that specifies how changes from one iteration to the next are to be restricted.
- [Derivatives](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/Derivatives.en.md): Derivatives is an option to MiniMaxApproximation and GeneralMiniMaxApproximation that specifies an expression that evaluates to a list containing the function and its first two derivatives.
- [EconomizedRationalApproximation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/EconomizedRationalApproximation.en.md): EconomizedRationalApproximation[expr, {x, {x0, x1}, m, n}] gives the economized rational approximation to expr that is good over the interval x0 to x1, with numerator order m and denominator order n.
- [GeneralMiniMaxApproximation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/GeneralMiniMaxApproximation.en.md): GeneralMiniMaxApproximation[{fx, fy}, {t, {t0, t1}, m, n}, x] finds the rational polynomial function of x, with numerator order m and denominator order n, that gives a mini-max approximation to the curve with x and y coordinates fx and fy generated as a function of t on the interval t0 to t1. GeneralMiniMaxApproximation[{fx, fy}, approx, {t, {t0, t1}, m, n}, x] finds the mini-max approximation, starting the iterative algorithm with approx.
- [GeneralRationalInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/GeneralRationalInterpolation.en.md): GeneralRationalInterpolation[{fx, fy}, {t, m, n}, x, {t1, ..., t m + n + 1}]] gives the rational polynomial function of x, with numerator order m and denominator order n, that interpolates the curve with x and y coordinates fx and fy generated as a function of t, at the interpolation points t1, t2, .... GeneralRationalInterpolation[{fx, fy}, {t, m, n}, x, {t, t0, t1}] gives the rational interpolant with the interpolation points chosen automatically from the interval t0 to t1.
- [InterpolateRoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/InterpolateRoot.en.md): InterpolateRoot[lhs == rhs, {x, x0, x1}] searches for a numerical solution to the equation lhs == rhs using x0 and x1 as the first two values of x.
- [ListIntegrate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/ListIntegrate.en.md): In Version 6, ListIntegrate has been superseded by Integrate[Interpolation[data, InterpolationOrder -> k][x], {x, Min[xc], Max[xc]}], for data = {{x1, y1}, ..., {xn, yn}} with xc = data[[All, 1]]. The default interpolation order is k = 3.
- [MiniMaxApproximation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/MiniMaxApproximation.en.md): MiniMaxApproximation[expr, {x, {x0, x1}, m, n}] finds the rational polynomial function of x, with numerator order m and denominator order n, that gives a mini-max approximation to expr on the interval x0 to x1. MiniMaxApproximation[expr, approx, {x, {x0, x1}, m, n}] finds the mini-max approximation to expr, starting the iterative algorithm with approx.
- [NIntegrateInterpolatingFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/NIntegrateInterpolatingFunction.en.md): As of Version 6.0, NIntegrate natively supports InterpolatingFunction objects.
- [OrderStarInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarInterpolation.en.md): OrderStarInterpolation is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies whether interpolation points of an approximant to a function should be displayed.
- [OrderStarKind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarKind.en.md): OrderStarKind is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies the type of order star to be displayed.
- [OrderStarLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarLegend.en.md): OrderStarLegend is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies whether to display the legend of symbols used to represent zeros, poles, and interpolation points.
- [OrderStarPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarPlot.en.md): OrderStarPlot[r, f] draws the order star depicting the region where | r/f | < 1 for the functions r and f. OrderStarPlot[r, f, z] draws the order star where r and f are functions of z.
- [OrderStarPoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarPoles.en.md): OrderStarPoles is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies whether poles of an approximant and the function to be approximated should be displayed.
- [OrderStarSymbolSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarSymbolSize.en.md): OrderStarSymbolSize is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies the size of the symbols used to represent poles, zeros, and interpolation points.
- [OrderStarSymbolThickness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarSymbolThickness.en.md): OrderStarSymbolThickness is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies the thickness of the outline of the symbols used to represent interpolation points, poles, and zeros.
- [OrderStarZeros](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/OrderStarZeros.en.md): OrderStarZeros is an option to OrderStarPlot that specifies whether zeros of an approximant and the function to be approximated should be displayed.
- [PlotFlag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/PlotFlag.en.md): PlotFlag is an option to MiniMaxApproximation and GeneralMiniMaxApproximation that specifies whether plots of the relative error of successive iterates in the approximation algorithm are to be drawn.
- [PrintFlag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/PrintFlag.en.md): PrintFlag is an option to MiniMaxApproximation and GeneralMiniMaxApproximation that specifies whether data from the successive iterates in the approximation algorithm are to be shown.
- [RationalInterpolation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/ref/RationalInterpolation.en.md): RationalInterpolation[expr, {x, m, n}, {x1, x2, ..., x n + m + 1}] gives the rational interpolant to expr with numerator order m and denominator order n, where x1, x2, ... are the abscissas of the interpolation points. RationalInterpolation[expr, {x, m, n}, {x, x0, x1}] gives the rational interpolant with the interpolation points chosen automatically on the interval x0 to x1.

### Tutorials

- [Function Approximations Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/tutorial/FunctionApproximations.en.md): This loads the package. Economized rational approximations. A Padé approximation is very accurate near the center of expansion, but the error increases rapidly as you get farther away. If you are willing to sacrifice some of the goodness of fit near the center of expansion, it is possible to obtain a better fit over the entire interval under consideration. This is what the other types of approximations do.
- [Function Approximations Package References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/FunctionApproximations/tutorial/FunctionApproximationsReferences.en.md): [1] Hairer, E. and G. Wanner. Solving Ordinary Differential Equations II: Stiff and Differential-Algebraic Problems. Springer, 1991. [2] Iserles, A. and S. P. Nørsett. Order Stars. Chapman and Hall, 1991. [3] Lambert, J. D. Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems: The Initial Value Problem. John Wiley and Sons, 1991.

## Geodesy


### Guide Pages

- [Geodesy Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/guide/GeodesyPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Eccentricity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/Eccentricity.en.md): As of Version 7.0, Eccentricity has become a property of GeodesyData.
- [GeodeticToAuthalic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/GeodeticToAuthalic.en.md): As of Version 7.0, GeodeticToAuthalic has been renamed to FromAuthalicLatitude and has become a property of GeodesyData.
- [SemimajorAxis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/SemimajorAxis.en.md): As of Version 7.0, SemimajorAxis has become a property of GeodesyData.
- [SphericalDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/SphericalDistance.en.md): As of Version 7.0, SphericalDistance has been superseded by GeoDistance.
- [SpheroidalDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/SpheroidalDistance.en.md): As of Version 7.0, SpheroidalDistance has been superseded by GeoDistance.
- [ToAuthalicRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/ToAuthalicRadius.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ToAuthalicRadius has been renamed to AuthalicRadius and has become a property of GeodesyData.
- [ToDegrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/ToDegrees.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ToDegrees has been superseded by FromDMS.
- [ToDMS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/ref/ToDMS.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ToDMS has been superseded by DMSString and DMSList.

### Tutorials

- [Geodesy Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Geodesy/tutorial/Geodesy.en.md): Geodesy is the branch of science that deals with such topics as determining positions and areas over large parts of the Earth, the shape and size of the Earth, and the variations in the Earth's gravitational and magnetic fields. The primary functions in this package are used for determining the distance between two points. Finding the distance between two points on a sphere. Each position can be given in degrees as a latitude-longitude pair. A coordinate can also be expressed in the form ...

## GraphStore


### Guide Pages

- [RDF- and SPARQL-Related Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/guide/GraphStoreFormats.en.md): Import and export RDF data, SPARQL queries and updates, and the results returned from SPARQL endpoints.
- [Graph Store Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/guide/GraphStoreOverview.en.md): The GraphStore package provides capabilities for representing, querying and updating RDF graphs and datasets. The package defines a symbolic layer that can be used to make SPARQL queries against local RDF stores or remote SPARQL endpoints.
- [Basic RDF Structures](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/guide/RDFConcepts.en.md): The Resource Description Framework (RDF) uses Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) to identify resources, subject-predicate-object triples to make statements and groups triples into RDF graphs. An RDF dataset contains a default graph and some named graphs. Subjects and predicates typically are IRIs while objects can be IRIs or literals.
- [Querying RDF Stores Using SPARQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/guide/SPARQLQuery.en.md): Query local and remote RDF graphs and datasets.
- [Writing To RDF Stores Using SPARQL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/guide/SPARQLUpdate.en.md): Insert, delete and modify data contained in local and remote RDF graphs and datasets.

### Reference Pages

- [RDFBlankNode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/RDFBlankNode.en.md): RDFBlankNode[id] represents a blank node with identifier  id in an RDFStore. RDFBlankNode[] represents a blank node which is different from all other nodes.
- [RDFCollection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/RDFCollection.en.md): RDFCollection[{e1, e2, ...}] represents a list-like collection of the ei in functions like RDFStore and SPARQLSelect.
- [RDFLiteral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/RDFLiteral.en.md): RDFLiteral[value, dt] represents an RDF literal with value  value and a datatype identified by the IRI dt.
- [RDFStore](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/RDFStore.en.md): RDFStore[{t1, t2, ...}] represents an RDF graph with triples ti. RDFStore[{t1, t2, ...}, <|name1 -> {s11, s12, ...}, ...|>] represents an RDF dataset with default graph consisting of the triples ti and named graphs consisting of the triples sij with names namei.
- [RDFString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/RDFString.en.md): RDFString[s,  lang] represents a string  s in the language identified by the language tag  lang.
- [RDFTriple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/RDFTriple.en.md): RDFTriple[subj, pred, obj] represents an RDF triple with subject subj, predicate pred and object obj.
- [SPARQLAdd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLAdd.en.md): SPARQLAdd[g1, g2] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which adds the data from the graph identified by g1 to the graph identified by g2.
- [SPARQLAggregate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLAggregate.en.md): SPARQLAggregate[var -> agg] is a query operator that yields a solution containing the variable var whose value is computed from the aggregate agg. SPARQLAggregate[{SubscriptBox[var, 1] -> agg1, SubscriptBox[var, 2] -> agg2, ...}] yields a solution containing multiple aggregates. SPARQLAggregate[aggs, groupby] aggregates solutions grouped by the value of groupby. SPARQLAggregate[aggs, groupby, having] includes only groups for which having evaluates to True. SPARQLAggregate[aggs, ...
- [SPARQLAsk](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLAsk.en.md): SPARQLAsk[pattern] is a query operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which returns True if pattern matches, and False otherwise.
- [SPARQLClear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLClear.en.md): SPARQLClear[g] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which clears the graph identified by g.
- [SPARQLConstruct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLConstruct.en.md): SPARQLConstruct[pattern -> template] is a query operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which returns an RDFStore generated from template, based on solutions of matching pattern. SPARQLConstruct[pattern] uses pattern as template.
- [SPARQLCopy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLCopy.en.md): SPARQLCopy[g1, g2] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which copies the contents of the graph identified by g1 into the graph identified by g2.
- [SPARQLCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLCreate.en.md): SPARQLCreate[g] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which creates an empty graph with name g.
- [SPARQLDeleteData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLDeleteData.en.md): SPARQLDeleteData[data] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which deletes the data data.
- [SPARQLDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLDelete.en.md): SPARQLDelete[pattern -> template] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which deletes data generated from template, based on solutions of matching pattern. SPARQLDelete[pattern] uses pattern as template.
- [SPARQLDeleteInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLDeleteInsert.en.md): SPARQLDeleteInsert[del, ins, pattern] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which deletes and inserts data generated from templates del and ins, based on solutions of matching pattern.
- [SPARQLDistinct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLDistinct.en.md): SPARQLDistinct[] is a query operator that deletes duplicate solutions.
- [SPARQLDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLDrop.en.md): SPARQLDrop[g] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which drops the graph identified by g.
- [SPARQLEntailmentRegime](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLEntailmentRegime.en.md): SPARQLEntailmentRegime is an option for SPARQLQuery that specifies which entailment relations to use when evaluating a query.
- [SPARQLEvaluation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLEvaluation.en.md): SPARQLEvaluation[name] represents the built-in SPARQL function with the specified name, to be evaluated during SPARQL graph pattern matching. SPARQLEvaluation[f] represents the arbitrary function f.
- [SPARQLExecute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLExecute.en.md): SPARQLExecute[url, query] executes query on the SPARQL endpoint located at url.
- [SPARQLFilter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLFilter.en.md): SPARQLFilter[expr] represents a filter in a SPARQL graph pattern.
- [SPARQLGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLGraph.en.md): SPARQLGraph[iri, expr] represents expr in the context of the graph identified by the identifier iri.
- [SPARQLInsertData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLInsertData.en.md): SPARQLInsertData[data] is an insert operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which inserts the data data.
- [SPARQLInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLInsert.en.md): SPARQLInsert[pattern -> template] is an insert operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which inserts data generated from template, based on solutions of matching pattern.
- [SPARQLInverseProperty](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLInverseProperty.en.md): SPARQLInverseProperty[p] represents the inverse of property p in a SPARQLPropertyPath.
- [SPARQLLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLLimit.en.md): SPARQLLimit[l] is a query operator that yields the first l solutions. SPARQLLimit[l, o] skips the first o solutions.
- [SPARQLLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLLoad.en.md): SPARQLLoad[from] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which loads the graph located at from into the default graph. SPARQLLoad[from -> to] loads the graph into the graph identified by to.
- [SPARQLMove](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLMove.en.md): SPARQLMove[g1, g2] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which moves data from the graph identified by g1 to the graph identified by g2.
- [SPARQLOptional](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLOptional.en.md): SPARQLOptional[patt] represents part of a pattern that does not need to match in order for the whole pattern to match.
- [SPARQLOrderBy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLOrderBy.en.md): SPARQLOrderBy[expr] is a query operator that sorts solutions by the value of expr. SPARQLOrderBy[expr ->  order] sorts in ascending or descending order. SPARQLOrderBy[{spec1, spec2, ...}] breaks ties by successively using the speci.
- [SPARQLProject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLProject.en.md): SPARQLProject[var] is a query operator that yields solutions containing only values for the variable  var. SPARQLProject[newvar -> expr] yields solutions containing only the variable  newvar whose value is computed from expr. SPARQLProject[{vspec1, vspec2, ...}] selects and computes values for multiple variables.
- [SPARQLPropertyPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLPropertyPath.en.md): SPARQLPropertyPath[start, {p1, p2, ...}, end] is a pattern object that represents a path in a RDF graph that starts at subject start, visits edges with predicates pi and ends at object end.
- [SPARQLQuery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLQuery.en.md): SPARQLQuery[query] is a query operator that can be applied to an RDFStore. SPARQLQuery[query] uses a SPARQL query string.
- [SPARQLSelect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLSelect.en.md): SPARQLSelect[pattern] is a query operator that can be applied to an RDFStore, which returns a list of associations of variables to corresponding values in subgraphs that match pattern. SPARQLSelect[pattern -> vars] returns values only for the variables vars.
- [SPARQLService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLService.en.md): SPARQLService[url, patt] represents a pattern that is matched on a SPARQL endpoint located at url.
- [SPARQLUpdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLUpdate.en.md): SPARQLUpdate[operator1/*operator2/*...] is an update operator that can be applied to an RDFStore. SPARQLUpdate[update] uses a SPARQL update string.
- [SPARQLValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLValues.en.md): SPARQLValues[var, {val1, val2, ...}] binds the values vali to the variable  var. SPARQLValues[{SubscriptBox[var, 1], SubscriptBox[var, 2], ...}, {{val11, val21, ...}, ...}] binds the values valij to the variables SubscriptBox[var, i].
- [SPARQLVariable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/SPARQLVariable.en.md): SPARQLVariable[var] represents a variable with label  var in a SPARQL query.

#### format

- [JSONLD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/JSONLD.en.md): MIME type: application/ld+json.
- [NQuads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/NQuads.en.md): MIME type: application/n-quads.
- [NTriples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/NTriples.en.md): MIME type: application/n-triples.
- [OWLFunctional](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/OWLFunctional.en.md): MIME type: text/owl-functional.
- [RDFXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/RDFXML.en.md): MIME type: application/rdf+xml.
- [SPARQLQuery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/SPARQLQuery.en.md): MIME type: application/sparql-query.
- [SPARQLResultsJSON](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/SPARQLResultsJSON.en.md): MIME type: application/sparql-results+json.
- [SPARQLResultsXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/SPARQLResultsXML.en.md): MIME type: application/sparql-results+xml.
- [SPARQLUpdate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/SPARQLUpdate.en.md): MIME type: application/sparql-update.
- [TriG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/TriG.en.md): MIME type: application/trig.
- [Turtle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphStore/ref/format/Turtle.en.md): MIME type: text/turtle.

## GraphUtilities


### Guide Pages

- [Graph Utilities Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/guide/GraphUtilitiesPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AdjacencyMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/AdjacencyMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Aggressive](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/Aggressive.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Bicomponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/Bicomponents.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ClosenessCentrality](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/ClosenessCentrality.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CommunityModularity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/CommunityModularity.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CommunityStructureAssignment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/CommunityStructureAssignment.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CommunityStructurePartition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/CommunityStructurePartition.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [EdgeList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/EdgeList.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ExpressionTreePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/ExpressionTreePlot.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [FindHamiltonianCycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/FindHamiltonianCycle.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphCoordinates3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/GraphCoordinates3D.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/GraphCoordinates.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphDistance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/GraphDistance.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphDistanceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/GraphDistanceMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphEdit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/GraphEdit.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [GraphPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/GraphPath.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [HamiltonianCycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/HamiltonianCycles.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LineScaledCoordinate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/LineScaledCoordinate.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LinkRankMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/LinkRankMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LinkRanks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/LinkRanks.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximalBipartiteMatching](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/MaximalBipartiteMatching.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximalIndependentEdgeSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/MaximalIndependentEdgeSet.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MaximalIndependentVertexSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/MaximalIndependentVertexSet.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MinCut](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/MinCut.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [MinimumBandwidthOrdering](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/MinimumBandwidthOrdering.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NeighborhoodSubgraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/NeighborhoodSubgraph.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NeighborhoodVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/NeighborhoodVertices.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PageRanks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/PageRanks.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PageRankVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/PageRankVector.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PseudoDiameter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/PseudoDiameter.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RecursionMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/RecursionMethod.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RefinementMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/RefinementMethod.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [RemoveSinks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/RemoveSinks.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [StrongComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/StrongComponents.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [TeleportProbability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/TeleportProbability.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ToCombinatoricaGraph](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/ToCombinatoricaGraph.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [VertexList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/VertexList.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [WeakComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/WeakComponents.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Weighted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/ref/Weighted.en.md): As of Version 10, all the functionality of the GraphUtilities package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Graph Utilities Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GraphUtilities/tutorial/GraphUtilities.en.md): The Graph Utilities Package contains a number of functions useful for graph theory applications. Functions in the Graph Utilities Package. This loads the package.

## GUIKit


### Guide Pages

- [Building GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/guide/BuildingGUIs.en.md): 
- [GUIKit Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/guide/GUIKitPackage.en.md): GUIKit provides a higher-level Wolfram Language expression syntax for defining a graphical user interface along with a runtime environment for managing and deploying these reusable definitions. GUIKit simplifies the construction and layout of common user interface programming and eliminates the need to write code using the underlying Java programming language. GUIKit allows Wolfram Language users to quickly define interfaces as Wolfram Language expressions and to program the logic of these ...
- [Running GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/guide/RunningGUIs.en.md): 
- [GUIKit Widgets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/guide/Widgets.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [BindEvent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/BindEvent.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [CloseGUIObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/CloseGUIObject.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ExposeWidgetReferences](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/ExposeWidgetReferences.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIInformation.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUILoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUILoad.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIObject.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIObjectQ.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIResolve](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIResolve.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIRun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIRun.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIRunModal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIRunModal.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [GUIScreenShot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/GUIScreenShot.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [IncludedScriptContexts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/IncludedScriptContexts.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [InitialArguments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/InitialArguments.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [InvokeMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/InvokeMethod.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [InvokeThread](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/InvokeThread.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [InvokeWait](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/InvokeWait.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Name](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/Name.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [PropertyValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/PropertyValue.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ReleaseGUIObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/ReleaseGUIObject.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ReleaseMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/ReleaseMethod.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ReturnScript](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/ReturnScript.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Script](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/Script.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ScriptSource](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/ScriptSource.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [SetPropertyValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/SetPropertyValue.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [SetWidgetReference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/SetWidgetReference.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [SymbolicGUIKitXMLToWidget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/SymbolicGUIKitXMLToWidget.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Tabs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/Tabs.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [UnsetWidgetReference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/UnsetWidgetReference.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetAlign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetAlign.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Widget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/Widget.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetFill](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetFill.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetGroup.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetLayout](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetLayout.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetReference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetReference.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetSpace.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WidgetToSymbolicGUIKitXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/WidgetToSymbolicGUIKitXML.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [$GUIPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/$GUIPath.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.

#### widget

- [Button](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Button.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [CheckBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/CheckBox.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ColorChooser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/ColorChooser.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ComboBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/ComboBox.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [FileDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/FileDialog.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [FontChooser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/FontChooser.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Frame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Frame.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Icon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Icon.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ImageLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/ImageLabel.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [IndexedImagePanel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/IndexedImagePanel.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Label](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Label.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [List](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/List.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [MenuBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/MenuBar.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Menu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Menu.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [MenuItem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/MenuItem.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Panel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Panel.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [PasswordField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/PasswordField.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [PopupMenu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/PopupMenu.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [RadioButton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/RadioButton.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Slider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Slider.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [SystemPropertiesPanel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/SystemPropertiesPanel.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Table](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Table.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [TextArea](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/TextArea.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [TextField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/TextField.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [TextPanel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/TextPanel.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Timer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Timer.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [ToolBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/ToolBar.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Tree](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Tree.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WizardDialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/WizardDialog.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [Wizard](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/Wizard.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WizardFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/WizardFrame.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.
- [WizardPage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/ref/widget/WizardPage.en.md): The functionality provided by GUIKit has been superseded by the interface construction and controls functions native to the built-in Wolfram Language.

### Tutorials

- [Access to the Java Object Layer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/AccessToTheJavaObjectLayer.en.md): The GUIKit framework provides Wolfram Language functions, such as PropertyValue[{\widgetName\,\propertyName\}], for accessing state or calling methods on JavaObject instances using InvokeMethod[{\widgetName\,\methodName\},arguments]. However, this does not prevent you from using the standard J/Link techniques for manipulating any underlying JavaObject that makes up the runtime interface. Here is what this interface will display as on a typical platform. The first argument of a GUIObject is the ...
- [GUIKit Example: ActionApp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ActionApp.en.md): This example illustrates how to take advantage of Widget[Action] objects and easily connect and construct typical user interface elements, such as menu items, toolbars, contextual popup menus and buttons. This example also highlights the following:
- [GUIKit Example: Angle Dialog](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/AngleDialog.en.md): This example provides a reusable dialog for angle input. This is based on a J/Link example, but rewritten here using the GUIKit` APIs.
- [GUIKit Example: Calculator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Calculator.en.md): Here is a simple calculator example using the GUIKit` package and Wolfram Language scripts for calculations.
- [GUIKit Example: CellularGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/CellularGroup.en.md): This example demonstrates how to create a reusable GUIKit` widget for a cellular automaton. You can easily treat the CellularGroup example as a single reusable user interface element within other panels, as well as expose widgets within the definition uniquely.
- [GUIKit Example: ColorChooser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ColorChooser.en.md): This example uses Widget[ColorChooser] and includes sample code demonstrating how to do the following.
- [Creating Reusable Definitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/CreatingReusableDefinitions.en.md): The GUIKit framework makes it relatively easy to reuse interface definitions because of its automatic use of private symbol contexts for each instance of a definition. There are, however, a number of points to keep in mind when writing Wolfram Language script code for user interfaces. Here is an example that shows how one definition can be easily used in another window with multiple instances, all separate in state but accessible in the new window. As it is defined, the Counter example is a ...
- [Definition Building Blocks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/DefinitionBuildingBlocks.en.md): GUIKit definitions are defined as a hierarchy of widgets, whether they are defined in the Wolfram Language expression format or in the XML format, GUIKitXML. A single self-contained user interface definition should always begin with an outermost user interface widget--either an instance of a window or frame. The GUIKit framework also optionally provides an appropriate top-level window wrapper if the root interface definition widget is at least a user interface class that can live inside a ...
- [Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Deployment.en.md): There are a number of features of the GUIKit framework that aid deployment of user interface definitions with your own AddOns so that they can be easily executed when needed. Instead of programmatically building up an expression that represents a user interface and calling GUIRun or GUIRunModal dynamically, there is also a filesystem directory within every AddOn where user interface definitions will automatically be discovered. Any definitions placed within a subdirectory folder of an AddOn ...
- [Developing GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/DevelopingGUIs.en.md): These tutorials help you to start to use GUIKit to develop your own user interfaces. It shows how to launch and run GUIs, how to inspect them as they are running, and how to control their behavior as they run. It ends with a description of the basic components of a GUIKit definition. Other tutorials help you with more advanced topics such as building AddOns with GUIs and building libraries of common GUI components, as well as more detailed information about scoping for scripts and names.
- [Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Examples.en.md): Here are a few examples that demonstrate building user interfaces with the GUIKit framework. Hello World--The classic simple application written with GUIKit. Simple Slider
- [Executing GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ExecutingGUIs.en.md): One of the most basic features of GUIKit is loading and executing an existing user interface application. This can be accomplished in one step in either a modal or modeless session with the Wolfram Language kernel using GUIRunModal or GUIRun. Load the GUIKit` package before calling any GUIKit functions. Here you load and execute an example user interface for a simple calculator that uses the Wolfram Language kernel for the calculations and, on closing, returns the results to the kernel.
- [GUIKit Example: GraphEditor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/GraphEditor.en.md): This example demonstrates the benefit of supplementing Wolfram Language functionality with GUIKit user interface elements leveraging existing third-party graph model and editing libraries. GraphEdit widgets take advantage of the Graph expression supported by Combinatorica` and also SparseArray ArrayRules.
- [GUI Life Cycles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/GUILifecycles.en.md): Normally a live GUIObject instance will shut down and dispose of itself through the normal user action of closing a window or other interface widget that performs the equivalent user interface closure. Sometimes, however, it is convenient to programmatically close a live modeless interface. You can use CloseGUIObject on an active GUIObject instance to initiate a close action. Note that CloseGUIObject only initiates a close request on the active interface and will not necessarily force the ...
- [GUIKit Example: Hello World](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/HelloWorld.en.md): This example displays the classic simple Hello World application using the GUIKit framework. The following are other variants on the basic theme of specifying the user interface definition.
- [XML Syntax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ImportAndExport.en.md): Interface definitions can be defined using either a Wolfram Language expression or an XML definition. For many usages, the Wolfram Language syntax is preferred. However, in cases where you want to launch GUIs before the Wolfram Language has been launched, the XML definition is useful. You can work with the XML definition for GUIKit interfaces from within the Wolfram Language using the Import/Export format type GUIKitXML. The GUIKit` package adds support for this format type so that you can ...
- [GUIKit Example: Increment Controls](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/IncrementControls.en.md): This example demonstrates some simple interaction between user interface controls and some Wolfram Language scripting.
- [Interacting with GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/InteractingWithGUIs.en.md): This tutorial discusses how the GUIObject expression for a running GUI can be a handle to the widgets that make up the interface. This lets you get runtime information about the GUI, and can be a useful technique for learning about how GUIs work and how to develop them. With a GUIObject, you can discover what special widgets are registered with unique reference string names. Using these names, you can modify and further discover member information about these widgets, such as what properties, ...
- [Scripting GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/InteractionWithMathematica.en.md): Dynamic behavior is added to a GUIKit user interface by executing Wolfram Language code. This lets one part of the definition interact with another, for example, specifying the behavior when a button is clicked or a menu choice is made. GUIKit definitions call the Wolfram Language with the Script[expr] expression; this can be placed in a definition as described in Definition Building Blocks. Script defines an initially unevaluated block of Wolfram Language code. The Script symbol has the ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): The Java toolkit J/Link introduced Wolfram Language users to a powerful new technology for Wolfram Language programs to access the functionality of Java classes and, in particular, the extensive class library of Java graphical user interfaces. GUIKit builds on this J/Link foundation by providing a higher-level Wolfram Language expression syntax for defining a graphical user interface along with a runtime environment for managing and deploying these reusable definitions. GUIKit simplifies the ...
- [Layout Samples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/LayoutExamples.en.md): It is perhaps easiest to see when to use certain layout elements by visually illustrating how they each combine to create a resizable dialog. Here are a number of further examples that combine some of the previous layout features and common interface layout design patterns. Here is an example that generates content within a set of tabbed panes. Each element of the tabbed WidgetGroup can be a list of widgets to populate one tab panel or a single widget whose contents will be placed within one ...
- [Loading GUIs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/LoadingGUIs.en.md): When you load an interface with GUIRun or GUIRunModal, the widget definitions are turned into runtime widgets and the graphical user interface is immediately displayed on the screen. It may be useful to break up the two-step process of turning a definition into the runtime widgets and displaying of the resulting interface to the screen. Then existing widget properties can be modified before display, or, as a speed improvement to the user, the widgets can be preloaded and then later the ...
- [GUIKit Example: Making Progress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/MakingProgress.en.md): This example shows how to generate a reusable progress bar panel and use it as a modeless dialog for displaying progress with your own Wolfram Language calculations. There are three important objects in the dialog that have been registered with reference names for easy lookup. Here are the most common properties worth setting during the lifetime of the dialog.
- [GUIKit Example: Making Progress (Extended)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/MakingProgressExtended.en.md): This example demonstrates various techniques for designing a progress bar dialog and a number of options available to wrap the reusable widget involved. Here is one technique for defining a progress bar using the Wolfram Language expression syntax.
- [Wolfram Language BSF Scripting Engine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/MathematicaBSFScriptingEngine.en.md): You can use the Wolfram Language BSF engine that ships with the GUIKit` framework in third-party applications that support BSF. The naming conventions to note are that BSF uses the Bean concept, so object lookups in the registry only support the Bean[\id\] function and not the WidgetReference[\id\] notation of GUIKit`. Also note that BSF will not make language=mathematica the default scripting language in the <script> tag, so <script language=mathematica> must be used explicitly. ...
- [GUIKit Example: NIntegrate Explorer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/NIntegrateExplorer.en.md): The NIntegrate Explorer is a GUI that lets you do numerical quadrature using NIntegrate. It opens a tool that lets you enter an integrand, set a region, and then modify and change the various option settings for NIntegrate. The result of the computation is shown, along with a graphical display of the function evaluations and the input to NIntegrate that was used.
- [GUIKit User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Developing GUIs Advanced Topics
- [GUIKit Example: Package Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/PackageListing.en.md): This example displays a modeless dialog that shows all currently loaded Wolfram Language packages with an update button to refresh the current list. If you load additional packages, such as the DatabaseLink application, and then click the Update button, the package listing dialog will update its list contents.
- [GUIKit Example: PlotGroup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/PlotGroup.en.md): This example demonstrates how to create a reusable GUIKit` widget for wrapping Plot and some of its options. You can easily treat the PlotGroup example as a single reusable user interface element within other panels and even use multiple instances.
- [GUIKit Example: PrimeFinder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/PrimeFinder.en.md): This example displays a dialog for finding prime numbers and alerting the user when any entered expression evaluates to a prime number. The modal version also shows how results can be returned to the Wolfram Language when the dialog is finished. In this example, a sorted list of all prime numbers visited during the session is returned. This dialog can also be run in a modeless session as well, with multiple copies running independently.
- [GUIKit Example: RealTimeAlgebra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/RealTimeAlgebra.en.md): Here is an implementation of the RealTimeAlgebra J/Link example. You can also interact with the dialog in a modeless session.
- [GUIKit Example: RealTimePlotting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/RealTimePlotting.en.md): Here is an implementation of the J/Link RealTimePlotting example written with the GUIKit` package.
- [Resolving Arbitrary Objects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ResolvingArbitraryObjects.en.md): Even though the GUIKit widget expression was designed with user interface issues in mind, you can construct object trees unrelated to user interface widgets and still take advantage of scripting with Wolfram Language code and setting and getting state through the use of properties. GUIResolve allows you to resolve definitions into their runtime Java objects, but not expose a GUIObject runtime system or hold on to internal context state. This is useful if the object definition simply resolves ...
- [Dialog Style Samples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/SampleDialogStyles.en.md): 
- [Scoping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Scoping.en.md): Widgets created within a user interface definition can be named and registered in an object registry for easy lookup reference by script code and other widgets. Complete interface definitions can also be reused within other definitions and when the issue of scoping access to widget references arises. Here are two design issues to keep in mind when working with widget references. Script blocks are typically used within interface definitions to define Wolfram Language programming functions, ...
- [GUIKit Example: Scribble](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Scribble.en.md): This is the J/Link scribble pad example implemented with the GUIKit` package.
- [GUIKit Example: SimpleDialogApp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/SimpleDialogApp.en.md): This example illustrates how to use modal dialogs initiated from another window, optionally setting up property values on widgets in the modal dialog and, when the modal dialog is closed, retrieving values from the widgets in the modal dialog. Note: This modal dialog will be modal to other user interface definitions, but not modal to interactions with the Wolfram Language or the kernel. Modal interactions with the kernel are determined by using GUIRun or GUIRunModal.
- [GUIKit Example: Simple Slider](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/SimpleSlider.en.md): This example demonstrates simple interaction with a slider widget.
- [Standalone Java Application](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/StandaloneJavaApplication.en.md): The GUIKit` package can also be used to provide Wolfram Language-enriched user interfaces to standalone Java applications, leveraging the fact that J/Link also works within a Java application environment. There is a sample custom application Java main class that demonstrates this within the GUIKit.jar: com.wolfram.guikit.app.GUIKitApplication. You can run any of the GUIKit` definitions you build as standalone Java applications if you add all .jar files required by GUIKit` to the classpath and ...
- [GUIKit Example: Symbol Listing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/SymbolListing.en.md): This example displays a modeless dialog that shows how to auto-event from text field changes. Specifically, this provides a simple interface for the Names[] function and populates a list widget with the current matching symbols.
- [GUIKit Example: TextEditor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/TextEditor.en.md): This example shows how to design a user interface from multiple definition files by loading each one with relative path references. See the code definition file (Wolfram/Example/EditorApp/Editor) for details on the implementation.
- [GUIKit Example: Import Wizard](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/TextImportWizard.en.md): This example shows how to build industry-standard wizard dialogs using GUIKit's powerful built-in wizard widgets.
- [GUIKit Example: ThreadedCounter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ThreadedCounter.en.md): This example demonstrates how you can use the InvokeThread option of user interface functions to allow user interface updates to be visible when performing a long Wolfram Language calculation by threading the calculation and ensuring that user interface update requests occur on the event dispatching thread.
- [GUIKit Example: ThreadedStopCounter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/ThreadedStopCounter.en.md): This example demonstrates how you can use the InvokeThread option of user interface functions to allow user interface updates to be visible when performing a long Wolfram Language calculation by threading the calculation and ensuring that user interface update requests occur on the event dispatching thread. Additionally, once a process is threaded, it allows the user to abort a long Wolfram Language calculation from the same user interface. This is accomplished by triggering an abort using ...
- [Threads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/Threads.en.md): By default, any interface definition executes within a single thread, and since currently GUIKit` definitions execute at runtime as Java components, this means that execution occurs in the single Java AWT event dispatch thread. In most cases, complete user interface dialogs or tools can run within a single Java thread, make synchronous requests to the Wolfram Language, and never require any explicit threading code to handle how requests are processed. Also note that since the Wolfram Language ...
- [GUIKit Example: Web Services Navigator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/WebServicesNavigator.en.md): The Web Services Navigator Explorer is a GUI that lets you install and explore web services with the Wolfram Language Web Services Package. When you load the navigator, you can enter a new URL to a WSDL, such as http://soap.amazon.com/schemas3/AmazonWebServices.wsdl.
- [Widget Basics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/WidgetBasics.en.md): Widgets are the basic component of GUIs built with GUIKit. This tutorial discusses some of the basics of widgets and how they work. More detailed information on widgets can be found in Definition Building Blocks. This creates a basic widget that consists of a panel with three buttons. It does not display anything yet. This runs the widget; now you should see the panel appear on your screen.
- [Wolfram Workbench Support for GUIKit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/WolframWorkbench.en.md): The Wolfram Workbench is a development environment for the Wolfram Language. Some of its features include the following. The Workbench contains a number of useful features for working with GUIKit. These include creating Wolfram Language applications that contain GUI definitions and helping you to develop your GUI with debugging tools. The following shows a GUI application in a project in the Workbench.
- [XML Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/GUIKit/tutorial/XMLReference.en.md): This tutorial documents the XML representation of the user interface definition, or GUIKitXML for short. This is a DTD representing the current GUIKit XML definitions. Use the <args> element to specify that the containing widgets should be used as arguments to the parent <widget> new instance object constructor.

## HierarchicalClustering


### Guide Pages

- [Hierarchical Clustering Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/guide/HierarchicalClusteringPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Agglomerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/Agglomerate.en.md): Agglomerate[{e1, e2, ...}] gives a hierarchical clustering of the elements e1, e2, .... Agglomerate[{e1 -> v1, e2 -> v2, ...}] represents ei with vi in each cluster. Agglomerate[{e1, e2, ...} -> {v1, v2, ...}] represents ei with vi in each cluster.
- [Cluster](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/Cluster.en.md): Cluster[c1, c2, d, n1, n2] represents a merger of the clusters c1 and c2 with dissimilarity d and n1 and n2 data elements, respectively.
- [ClusterFlatten](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/ClusterFlatten.en.md): ClusterFlatten[c] gives a flat list of the data elements contained in the cluster c.
- [ClusterSplit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/ClusterSplit.en.md): ClusterSplit[c, n] splits the cluster c into n clusters.
- [DendrogramPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/DendrogramPlot.en.md): DendrogramPlot[list] constructs a dendrogram from the hierarchical clustering of list. DendrogramPlot[c] constructs a dendrogram from the Cluster object c.
- [DirectAgglomerate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/DirectAgglomerate.en.md): DirectAgglomerate[m] constructs a cluster hierarchy based on the distance or dissimilarity matrix m. DirectAgglomerate[m, list] associates the elements of list with the rows of the matrix m in the cluster hierarchy.
- [DistanceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/DistanceMatrix.en.md): As of Version 10.3, DistanceMatrix is built into the Wolfram System.
- [HighlightLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/HighlightLevel.en.md): HighlightLevel is an option for DendrogramPlot that specifies the level at which to highlight the dendrogram.
- [HighlightStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/HighlightStyle.en.md): HighlightStyle is an option for DendrogramPlot that specifies the style for highlighted clusters.
- [LeafLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/LeafLabels.en.md): LeafLabels is an option for DendrogramPlot that specifies labels for the dendrogram leaves.
- [Linkage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/Linkage.en.md): Linkage is an option for Agglomerate and DendrogramPlot that specifies the linkage method for agglomerative clustering.
- [Orientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/Orientation.en.md): Orientation is an option for DendrogramPlot that specifies the orientation of the dendrogram.
- [TruncateDendrogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/ref/TruncateDendrogram.en.md): TruncateDendrogram is an option for DendrogramPlot that specifies the fusion levels at which to truncate the dendrogram.

### Tutorials

- [Hierarchical Clustering Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HierarchicalClustering/tutorial/HierarchicalClustering.en.md): The function FindClusters finds clusters in a dataset based on a distance or dissimilarity function. This package contains functions for generating cluster hierarchies and visualizing the mergers in the hierarchical clustering. Hierarchical clustering function. The Agglomerate function computes a cluster hierarchy of a dataset. Agglomerate accepts data in the same forms accepted by FindClusters. The output from Agglomerate is a nested Cluster object representing the hierarchical clustering.

## Histograms


### Guide Pages

- [Histograms Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/guide/HistogramsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [ApproximateIntervals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/ApproximateIntervals.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ApproximateIntervals has been removed.
- [FrequencyData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/FrequencyData.en.md): As of Version 7.0, histogram functionality is built into the Wolfram Language. >>
- [Histogram3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/Histogram3D.en.md): As of Version 7.0, Histogram3D is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [HistogramCategories](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/HistogramCategories.en.md): As of Version 7.0, HistogramCategories has been superseded by an optional argument hspec for the built-in Wolfram Language function Histogram.
- [Histogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/Histogram.en.md): As of Version 7.0, Histogram is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [HistogramRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/HistogramRange.en.md): As of Version 7.0, HistogramRange has been superseded by PlotRange.
- [HistogramScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Histograms/ref/HistogramScale.en.md): As of Version 7.0, HistogramScale has been superseded by an optional argument hspec for the built-in Wolfram Language function Histogram.

## HypothesisTesting


### Guide Pages

- [Hypothesis Testing Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/guide/HypothesisTestingPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [ChiSquareCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/ChiSquareCI.en.md): ChiSquareCI[var, df] gives a confidence interval based on a \\[Chi]^2 distribution with df degrees of freedom.
- [ChiSquarePValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/ChiSquarePValue.en.md): ChiSquarePValue[x, df] gives the cumulative probability beyond x for the \\[Chi]^2 distribution with df degrees of freedom.
- [ConfidenceLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/ConfidenceLevel.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ConfidenceLevel is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [EqualVariances](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/EqualVariances.en.md): EqualVariances is an option to statistical confidence interval and hypothesis test functions of two samples that specifies that unknown population variances are equal.
- [FRatioCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/FRatioCI.en.md): FRatioCI[ratio, n, m] gives a confidence interval based on an F-ratio distribution with n and m degrees of freedom.
- [FRatioPValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/FRatioPValue.en.md): FRatioPValue[x, n, m] gives the cumulative probability beyond x for the F-ratio distribution with n and m degrees of freedom.
- [FullReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/FullReport.en.md): FullReport is an option to hypothesis test functions that specifies whether all report information should be returned.
- [KnownVariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/KnownVariance.en.md): KnownVariance is an option to statistical confidence interval and hypothesis test functions that specifies the value of the population variance.
- [MeanCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/MeanCI.en.md): MeanCI[list] gives a confidence interval for the population mean estimated from list.
- [MeanDifferenceCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/MeanDifferenceCI.en.md): MeanDifferenceCI[list1, list2] gives a confidence interval for the difference between the population means estimated from list1 and list2.
- [MeanDifferenceTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/MeanDifferenceTest.en.md): MeanDifferenceTest[list1, list2, \\[CapitalDelta]\\[Mu]0] performs a test with null hypothesis \\[Mu]1 - \\[Mu]2 = \\[CapitalDelta]\\[Mu]0.
- [MeanTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/MeanTest.en.md): MeanTest[list, \\[Mu]0] performs a test with null hypothesis \\[Mu] = \\[Mu]0.
- [NormalCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/NormalCI.en.md): NormalCI[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma]] gives a confidence interval based on a normal distribution.
- [NormalPValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/NormalPValue.en.md): NormalPValue[x] gives the cumulative density beyond x for a normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance.
- [OneSidedPValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/OneSidedPValue.en.md): OneSidedPValue is an element in hypothesis test output for one-sided tests.
- [SignificanceLevel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/SignificanceLevel.en.md): SignificanceLevel is an option to hypothesis test functions that specifies the significance level for the test.
- [StudentTCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/StudentTCI.en.md): StudentTCI[\\[Mu], \\[Sigma], df] gives a confidence interval based on Student's t distribution with df degrees of freedom.
- [StudentTPValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/StudentTPValue.en.md): StudentTPValue[x, df] gives the cumulative probability beyond x for Student's t distribution with df degrees of freedom.
- [TwoSided](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/TwoSided.en.md): TwoSided is an option to hypothesis test functions that specifies whether the test should be two-sided.
- [TwoSidedPValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/TwoSidedPValue.en.md): TwoSidedPValue is an element in hypothesis test output for two-sided tests.
- [VarianceCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/VarianceCI.en.md): VarianceCI[list] gives a confidence interval for the population variance estimated from list.
- [VarianceRatioCI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/VarianceRatioCI.en.md): VarianceRatioCI[list1, list2] gives a confidence interval for the ratio of the population variances estimated from list1 and from list2.
- [VarianceRatioTest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/ref/VarianceRatioTest.en.md): VarianceRatioTest[list1, list2, r] performs a test with null hypothesis \\[Sigma]_1^2/ \\[Sigma]_2^2 == r.

### Tutorials

- [Hypothesis Testing Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/HypothesisTesting/tutorial/HypothesisTesting.en.md): This package contains functions for computing confidence intervals from data and p-values and confidence intervals for distributions related to the normal distribution. Given a test statistic in terms of the normal, \\[Chi]^2, Student's t, or F-ratio distribution, a p-value can be computed using the appropriate p-value function. For example, NormalPValue computes a p-value for a test statistic using a normal distribution with mean zero and unit variance. A two-sided p-value can be obtained by ...

## Instrumentation


### Guide Pages

- [Instrumentation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/guide/Instrumentation.en.md): Instrumentation is a package for instrumenting Wolfram Language code in order to enable profiling and coverage reporting.

### Reference Pages

- [CoverageEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/CoverageEvaluate.en.md): CoverageEvaluate[expr] evaluates expr and returns the result together with coverage data.
- [CoverageInstrument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/CoverageInstrument.en.md): CoverageInstrument[inputDir, outputDir] instruments files of WL code in directory inputDir for coverage analysis using outputDir for output and returning baseline coverage data. CoverageInstrument[PacletObject[name]] instruments a paclet for coverage analysis returning a directory name appropriate for PacletDirectoryLoad.
- [CoverageProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/CoverageProcess.en.md): CoverageProcess[data, outputDir, lcovFile] processes coverage data and writes LCOV file to outputDir.
- [ProfileEvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/ProfileEvaluate.en.md): ProfileEvaluate[expr] evaluates expr and returns the result together with profiling data.
- [ProfileInstrument](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/ProfileInstrument.en.md): ProfileInstrument[inputDir, outputDir] instruments files of WL code in directory inputDir for profiling using outputDir for output. ProfileInstrument[PacletObject[name]] instruments a paclet for profiling returning a directory name appropriate for PacletDirectoryLoad.
- [ProfileProcess](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/ProfileProcess.en.md): ProfileProcess[profilingData] processes profiling data and returns report data.
- [ProfileReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/ref/ProfileReport.en.md): ProfileReport[reportData] outputs a profiling report.

### Tutorials

- [Coverage Tutorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/tutorial/CoverageTutorial.en.md): The functions in the Instrumentation` context provide support for coverage reporting of WL code. Reporting coverage of WL code. First we need to load the Instrumentation` package
- [Profile Tutorial](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Instrumentation/tutorial/ProfileTutorial.en.md): The functions in the Instrumentation` context provide support for profiling WL code. Profiling WL code. First we must load the Instrumentation` package

## IPOPTLink


### Guide Pages

- [IPOPTLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/guide/IPOPTLink.en.md): IPOPT (Interior Point OPTimizer) is a software package for large-scale ​nonlinear optimization, designed to find local solutions of mathematical optimization problems. IPOPTLink is a Wolfram System application that uses Wolfram LibraryLink to link to IPOPT functions. It is used automatically by the Wolfram Language in optimization functions such as FindMinimum. However, it can also be used directly providing a more flexible way to use the functionality of IPOPT.

### Reference Pages

- [IPOPTArgMin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/IPOPTArgMin.en.md): IPOPTArgMin[data] gives the position at which the local minimum was found from an IPOPTData expression data.
- [IPOPTData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/IPOPTData.en.md): IPOPTData[id] represents an instance of an IPOPTData expression created by IPOPTMinimize.
- [IPOPTDataExpressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/IPOPTDataExpressions.en.md): IPOPTDataExpressions[] shows all active IPOPTData expression instances.
- [IPOPTMinimize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/IPOPTMinimize.en.md): IPOPTMinimize[f, {x1, ...}, {x 1 i0, ...}] numerically searches for a local minimum of f in xj, starting from the point xj = xj0. IPOPTMinimize[f, {x1, ...}, {x 1 i0, ...}, {{x 1 min, x 1 max}, ...}] numerically searches for a local minimum subject to the variable bound constraints x j min <= xj <= x j max. IPOPTMinimize[f, {x1, ...}, {x 1 i0, ...}, {{x 1 min, x 1 max}, ...}, {g1, ...}, {{g 1 min, g 1 max}, ...}] numerically searches for a local minimum subject to function constraints g ...
- [IPOPTMinValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/IPOPTMinValue.en.md): IPOPTMinValue[data] gives the minimal value of the objective function from an IPOPTData expression data.
- [IPOPTReturnCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/IPOPTReturnCode.en.md): IPOPTReturnCode[data] gives the IPOPT solver return code from an IPOPTData expression data.
- [ParametricIPOPTMinimize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/ref/ParametricIPOPTMinimize.en.md): ParametricIPOPTMinimize[f, {x1, ...}, {x 1 i0, ...}, \\ {{x 1 min, x 1 max}, ...}, {g1, ...}, {{g 1 min, g 1 max}, ...}, pars] numerically searches for a local minimum of f in x, starting from x = x0, subject to constraints x j min <= xj <= x j max, g i min <= gi <= g i max, with parameters pars.

### Tutorials

- [Optimizing with IPOPT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/IPOPTLink/tutorial/OptimizingWithIPOPT.en.md): IPOPT (Interior Point OPTimizer) is a software package for large-scale ​nonlinear optimization, designed to find local solutions of mathematical optimization problems. IPOPTLink is a Wolfram System application that uses Wolfram LibraryLink to link to IPOPT functions. IPOPTLink provides, among others, the functions IPOPTMinimize and ParametricIPOPTMinimize. These functions can be used for local minimization with or without parameters. They may be automatically called by optimization functions ...

## JLink


### Guide Pages

- [Calling Java from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/CallingJavaFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): 
- [Calling the Wolfram Language from Java](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/CallingTheWolframLanguageFromJava.en.md): 
- [Java Objects in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/JavaClassesAndObjects.en.md): 
- [Java Connection Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/JavaConnectionManagement.en.md): 
- [Java Exception Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/JavaExceptionHandling.en.md): 
- [Java Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/JavaInterface.en.md): The Wolfram Language's J/Link system provides a uniquely seamless interface to the Java environment. With J/Link you can immediately access Java classes and objects from within the Wolfram Language without any Java programming. J/Link also provides a complete library for calling the Wolfram Language from within Java programs.
- [Java Memory Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/JavaMemoryManagement.en.md): 
- [Java User Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/guide/JavaUserInterfaces.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AddPeriodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/AddPeriodical.en.md): AddPeriodical[expr, interval] adds the computation expr to the set of operations that are periodically performed automatically.
- [AddToClassPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/AddToClassPath.en.md): AddToClassPath[path1, path2, ...] adds the specified full paths to directories and jar or zip files to the J/Link class search path.
- [AllowRaggedArrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/AllowRaggedArrays.en.md): AllowRaggedArrays[True] lets you pass ragged (i.e. nonrectangular) arrays to Java. AllowRaggedArrays[False] restores the default behavior.
- [AppletViewer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/AppletViewer.en.md): AppletViewer[javaclass, parameters] displays a window with an applet of the specified JavaClass running in it. AppletViewer[classname, parameters] displays a window running an applet of the named class.
- [BeginJavaBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/BeginJavaBlock.en.md): BeginJavaBlock[] begins an evaluation block equivalent to a JavaBlock, except that it works across a larger span than the evaluation of a single expression.
- [ClassName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ClassName.en.md): ClassName[javaclass] returns, as a string, the fully qualified name of the specified JavaClass. ClassName[javaobject] returns the fully qualified name of the Java class of the specified JavaObject.
- [CloseFrontEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/CloseFrontEnd.en.md): CloseFrontEnd[] closes the link to the front end that was opened by UseFrontEnd[] or ConnectToFrontEnd[].
- [ConnectToFrontEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ConnectToFrontEnd.en.md): ConnectToFrontEnd[] establishes a link to the notebook front end for use by the UseFrontEnd[] function.
- [Constructors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/Constructors.en.md): Constructors[javaclass] returns a list of the Java declarations for all constructors of the specified JavaClass. Constructors[classname] lists the constructor for the named class. Constructors[javaobject] lists the constructors for the class of the specified JavaObject.
- [DoModal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/DoModal.en.md): DoModal[] does not return until the Java side sends an expression of the form EvaluatePacket[EndModal[args]].
- [EndJavaBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/EndJavaBlock.en.md): EndJavaBlock[] ends an evaluation block equivalent to a JavaBlock, except that it works across a larger span than the evaluation of a single expression.
- [EndModal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/EndModal.en.md): EndModal[] is the head of an expression sent by Java to signal the end of a DoModal[] loop.
- [Fields](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/Fields.en.md): Fields[javaclass] returns a list of the Java declarations for all fields of the specified JavaClass. Fields[classname] lists the fields for the named class. Fields[javaobject] lists the fields for the class of the specified JavaObject.
- [FrontEndLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/FrontEndLink.en.md): FrontEndLink[] returns the link to the front end that will be used by UseFrontEnd[].
- [FrontEndSharedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/FrontEndSharedQ.en.md): FrontEndSharedQ[link] returns True if the front end is being shared with a specified link, and returns False otherwise.
- [GetClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/GetClass.en.md): GetClass[javaobject] returns the JavaClass that identifies the object's class.
- [GetComplexClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/GetComplexClass.en.md): GetComplexClass[] returns the Java class used for complex numbers sent from and returned to the Wolfram Language.
- [GetJavaException](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/GetJavaException.en.md): GetJavaException[] returns the Java Exception object that was thrown in the most recent call from the Wolfram Language to Java.
- [GetJVM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/GetJVM.en.md): GetJVM[link] returns the JVM expression that corresponds to link, which was returned from InstallJava.
- [ImplementJavaInterface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ImplementJavaInterface.en.md): ImplementJavaInterface[interfaces, mappings] uses the Dynamic Proxy facility of Java to create a new Java class and return an object of that class that implements the named interface or list of interfaces by calling back into the Wolfram Language. In short, it lets you create a Java object that implements a given Java interface entirely in Wolfram Language code.
- [InstallJava](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/InstallJava.en.md): InstallJava[] launches the Java runtime and prepares it to be used from the Wolfram Language.
- [InstanceOf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/InstanceOf.en.md): InstanceOf[javaobject, javaclass] gives True if javaobject is an instance of the class or interface javaclass, or a subclass. Otherwise, it returns False. InstanceOf[javaobject,  classname] gives True if javaobject is an instance of the named class or interface, or a subclass.
- [JavaBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaBlock.en.md): JavaBlock[expr] causes all new Java objects returned to the Wolfram Language during the evaluation of expr to be released when expr finishes. It is an error to refer to such an object after JavaBlock ends.
- [JavaClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaClass.en.md): JavaClass[classname, n] represents a Java class with the specified name.
- [JavaClassPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaClassPath.en.md): JavaClassPath[] returns the class search path in use by the Java runtime. This includes classes specified via the CLASSPATH environment variable (if any), directories and files added by the user with AddToClassPath, and those directories automatically searched by J/Link.
- [JavaLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaLink.en.md): JavaLink[] returns the WSTP LinkObject that is used to communicate with the J/Link Java runtime.
- [JavaNew](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaNew.en.md): JavaNew[classname] constructs a Java object of the specified class. JavaNew[classname, args] constructs a Java object of the specified class, passing the arguments args to its constructor JavaNew[javaclass, args] constructs a Java object of the specified JavaClass.
- [JavaObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaObject.en.md): JavaObject[] is used to denote an expression that refers to an object residing in Java.
- [JavaObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaObjectQ.en.md): JavaObjectQ[expr] gives True if expr is a reference to a Java object or Null, and gives False otherwise.
- [JavaObjectToExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaObjectToExpression.en.md): JavaObjectToExpression[javaobject] converts the specified Java object reference into its value as a native Wolfram Language expression.
- [JavaShow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaShow.en.md): JavaShow[window] causes the specified Java window to be brought to the foreground, so that it appears in front of notebook windows.
- [JavaThrow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaThrow.en.md): JavaThrow[exception] causes an exception of the specified class to be thrown in the Java thread that called the Wolfram Language program in which JavaThrow occurred. JavaThrow[exception,  message] specifies an optional detail message for the exception. JavaThrow[object] causes the specified Java Exception object to be thrown.
- [JavaUILink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JavaUILink.en.md): JavaUILink[] returns the WSTP LinkObject used by calls to the Wolfram Language that originate from Java user-interface actions, or Null if no such link is present.
- [JVM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/JVM.en.md): JVM is the head of an expression that identifies a particular Java runtime installed into the current Wolfram System session via InstallJava.
- [KeepJavaObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/KeepJavaObject.en.md): KeepJavaObject[object] causes the specified object or objects not to be released when the current JavaBlock ends. KeepJavaObject[object, Manual] causes the specified object to escape from all enclosing JavaBlock blocks, meaning that the object will only be released if you manually call ReleaseJavaObject.
- [LoadedJavaClasses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/LoadedJavaClasses.en.md): LoadedJavaClasses[] returns a list of the classes currently loaded into Java by the Wolfram Language.
- [LoadedJavaObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/LoadedJavaObjects.en.md): LoadedJavaObjects[] returns a list of the Java objects that have been sent to the Wolfram Language (and not yet released with ReleaseJavaObject).
- [LoadJavaClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/LoadJavaClass.en.md): LoadJavaClass[classname] loads the specified class into Java and sets up definitions so that it can be used from the Wolfram Language.
- [MakeJavaExpr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/MakeJavaExpr.en.md): MakeJavaExpr[expr] constructs a new Java object of the J/Link Expr class that represents the Wolfram Language expression expr.
- [MakeJavaObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/MakeJavaObject.en.md): MakeJavaObject[expr] constructs a new Java object whose value is expr.
- [Methods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/Methods.en.md): Methods[javaclass] returns a list of the Java declarations for all methods of the specified JavaClass. Methods[classname] lists the methods for the named class. Methods[javaobject] lists the methods for the class of the specified JavaObject.
- [ParentClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ParentClass.en.md): ParentClass[javaclass] returns the JavaClass expression representing the parent class of the specified JavaClass. ParentClass[javaobject] returns the parent class for the class of the specified JavaObject.
- [Periodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/Periodical.en.md): Periodical[id] returns information about the periodical task corresponding to the specified integer id.
- [Periodicals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/Periodicals.en.md): Periodicals[] returns a list of integer ID numbers corresponding to the set of operations that are periodically performed automatically when the kernel is not busy with another computation.
- [ReinstallJava](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ReinstallJava.en.md): ReinstallJava[] is a convenience function that calls UninstallJava followed by InstallJava.
- [ReleaseJavaObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ReleaseJavaObject.en.md): ReleaseJavaObject[javaobject] tells the Java memory-management system to forget about any references to the specified JavaObject that are being maintained solely for the sake of the Wolfram Language.
- [RemovePeriodical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/RemovePeriodical.en.md): RemovePeriodical[id] removes the computation corresponding to the integer id from the set of operations that are periodically performed automatically.
- [ReturnAsJavaObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ReturnAsJavaObject.en.md): ReturnAsJavaObject[expr] causes a Java method call or field access during the evaluation of expr to return its result as an object reference (a JavaObject expression), not a value.
- [SameObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/SameObjectQ.en.md): SameObjectQ[object1, object2] returns True if and only if the JavaObject expressions object1 and object2 refer to the same Java object.
- [SetComplexClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/SetComplexClass.en.md): SetComplexClass[classname] specifies the Java class to use for complex numbers sent from and returned to the Wolfram Language.
- [SetField](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/SetField.en.md): SetField[obj@field, val] sets a value of an object field.
- [SetInternetProxy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/SetInternetProxy.en.md): SetInternetProxy[host, port] sets proxy information in your Java session for accessing the internet.
- [SetPeriodicalInterval](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/SetPeriodicalInterval.en.md): SetPeriodicalInterval[id, interval] resets the time interval for the periodical task with the given id.
- [ShowJavaConsole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/ShowJavaConsole.en.md): ShowJavaConsole[] displays the Java console window and begins capturing output sent to the Java System . out and System . err streams. ShowJavaConsole[stdout] captures only System . out. ShowJavaConsole[stederr] captures only System . err.
- [UninstallJava](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/UninstallJava.en.md): UninstallJava[] shuts down the Java runtime that was started by InstallJava.
- [UseFrontEnd](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/UseFrontEnd.en.md): UseFrontEnd[expr] evaluates expr in an environment where the kernel can make use of the services of the notebook front end.
- [UseJVM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/UseJVM.en.md): UseJVM[jvm, body] acts like a wrapper that causes all J/Link calls in body to use the specified JVM as the default Java runtime.
- [$FrontEndInitializationFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/$FrontEndInitializationFunction.en.md): $FrontEndInitializationFunction is a function that you can assign to execute when the front end link is first established by ConnectToFrontEnd[].
- [$FrontEndLaunchCommand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/$FrontEndLaunchCommand.en.md): $FrontEndLaunchCommand specifies the command line that will be used by ConnectToFrontEnd[] to launch the front end.
- [$JavaExceptionHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/$JavaExceptionHandler.en.md): $JavaExceptionHandler allows you to control how exceptions thrown in Java are handled in the Wolfram System.
- [$RelaxedTypeChecking](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/ref/$RelaxedTypeChecking.en.md): $RelaxedTypeChecking is a flag that can be set to True to speed up the validation performed in the Wolfram Language (via pattern tests) on arrays of data being sent as arguments to Java calls.

### Tutorials

- [Calling Java from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/tutorial/CallingJavaFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): J/Link provides Wolfram Language users with the ability to interact with arbitrary Java classes directly from the Wolfram Language. You can create objects and call methods directly in the Wolfram Language. You do not need to write any Java code, or prepare in any way the Java classes you want to use. You also do not need to know anything about the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP). In effect, all of Java becomes a transparent extension to the Wolfram Language, almost as if every ...
- [How to Use This User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/tutorial/HowToUseThisGuide.en.md): This User Guide is divided into two parts, reflecting the traditional distinction between the two ways of using the Wolfram Language with external programs. The first use is to extend the Wolfram Language environment by installing external programs so their functionality appears to be a built-in part of the Wolfram Language. This is similar to the plug-in concept supported by many popular applications and tools. The second use is to create programs that call on the Wolfram Language as a ...
- [Introduction to J/Link](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Welcome to J/Link, a product that integrates the Wolfram Language and Java. J/Link lets you call Java from the Wolfram Language in a completely transparent way, and it also lets you use and control the Wolfram Language kernel from a Java program. For Wolfram Language users, J/Link makes the whole universe of existing and future Java classes an automatic extension to the Wolfram Language environment. For Java programmers, J/Link turns the Wolfram Language into a scripting shell that lets you ...
- [J/Link User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction to J/Link Calling Java from the Wolfram Language Writing Java Programs That Use the Wolfram Language
- [Writing Java Programs That Use the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/JLink/tutorial/WritingJavaProgramsThatUseTheWolframLanguage.en.md): The first part of this User Guide describes using J/Link to allow you to call from the Wolfram Language into Java, thereby extending the Wolfram Language environment to include the functionality in all existing and future Java classes. This part shows you how to use J/Link in the opposite direction, as a means to write Java programs that use the Wolfram Language kernel as a computational engine. J/Link uses the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP), Wolfram Research's protocol for sending ...

## LibraryLink


### Reference Pages

- [LibraryVersionInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/LibraryVersionInformation.en.md): LibraryVersionInformation[lib] returns a list of rules of library version information.
- [LibraryVersionString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/LibraryVersionString.en.md): LibraryVersionString[lib] returns a string of library version information.
- [$LibraryError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/$LibraryError.en.md): $LibraryError returns the system-dependent error message from loading a library, or None if there was no error.

#### callback

- [AbortQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/AbortQ.en.md): mint AbortQ () returns TRUE if the Wolfram Language is in the process of an abort.
- [callLibraryCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/callLibraryCallbackFunction.en.md): int (*callLibraryCallbackFunction)(mint id, mint ArgC, MArgument *Args, MArgument Res); is a library callback function that rcalls the library callback function associated with the specified positive integer id.
- [getWSLINK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/getWSLINK.en.md): WSLINK getWSLINK (WolframLibraryData libData) gets a WSLINK connection to use for evaluations in the Wolfram Language.
- [getWSTP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/getWSTP.en.md): WSLINK getWSTP (WolframLibraryData libData) gets a WSTP connection to use for evaluations in the Wolfram Language.
- [Message](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/Message.en.md): void Message (char*txt) issues a message from a library function.
- [MImage_alphaChannelQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_alphaChannelQ.en.md): mbool MImage_alphaChannelQ (MImage image) gives True if MImage has an alpha channel, and False otherwise.
- [MImage_clone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_clone.en.md): int MImage_clone (MImage image, MImage *imageclone) is a library callback function that puts a clone of image into *imageclone.
- [MImage_convertType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_convertType.en.md): MImage MImage_convertType (MImage image, imagedata_t type, mbool interleaving) is a library callback function that converts type and interleaving of an MImage.
- [MImage_disownAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_disownAll.en.md): void MImage_disownAll (MImage image) disowns all references to an MImage that were passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MImage_disown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_disown.en.md): void MImage_disown (MImage image) disowns a reference to an MImage that was passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MImage_free](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_free.en.md): void MImage_free (MImage image) is a library callback function that frees an MImage.
- [MImage_getBit16Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getBit16Data.en.md): raw_t _ubit16*MImage_getBit16Data (MImage image) gets an array of the data elements of an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit16 type.
- [MImage_getBit16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getBit16.en.md): int MImage_getBit16 (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _bit16*pres) gets an element from an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit16 type.
- [MImage_getBitData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getBitData.en.md): raw_t _bit*MImage_getBitData (MImage image) gets an array of the data elements of an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit type.
- [MImage_getBit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getBit.en.md): int MImage_getBit (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _bit*pres) gets an element from an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit type.
- [MImage_getByteData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getByteData.en.md): raw_t _ubit8*MImage_getByteData (MImage image) gets an array of the data elements of an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit8 type.
- [MImage_getByte](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getByte.en.md): int MImage_getByte (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _ubit8*pres) gets an element from an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit8 type.
- [MImage_getChannels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getChannels.en.md): mint MImage_getChannels (MImage image) gets the number of channels of an MImage.
- [MImage_getColorSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getColorSpace.en.md): colorspace_t MImage_getColorSpace (MImage image) gets the color space of an MImage.
- [MImage_getColumnCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getColumnCount.en.md): mint MImage_getColumnCount (MImage image) gets the number of columns of an MImage.
- [MImage_getDataType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getDataType.en.md): imagedata_t MImage_getDataType (MImage image) gets the data type of an MImage.
- [MImage_getFlattenedLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getFlattenedLength.en.md): mint MImage_getFlattenedLength (MImage image) gets the total number of data elements in an MImage.
- [MImage_getRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getRank.en.md): mint MImage_getRank (MImage image) gets the rank of an MImage.
- [MImage_getRawData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getRawData.en.md): void*MImage_getRawData (MImage image) gets a void pointer to an array of the data elements of an MImage.
- [MImage_getReal32Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getReal32Data.en.md): raw_t _real32*MImage_getReal32Data (MImage image) gets an array of the data elements of an MImage of MImage_Type _Real32 type.
- [MImage_getReal32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getReal32.en.md): int MImage_getReal32 (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _real32*pres) gets an element from an MImage of MImage_Type _Real32 type.
- [MImage_getRealData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getRealData.en.md): raw_t _real64*MImage_getRealData (MImage image) gets an array of the data elements of an MImage of MImage_Type _Real type.
- [MImage_getReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getReal.en.md): int MImage_getReal (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _real64*pres) gets an element from an MImage of MImage_Type _Real type.
- [MImage_getRowCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getRowCount.en.md): mint MImage_getRowCount (MImage image) gets the number of rows of an MImage.
- [MImage_getSliceCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_getSliceCount.en.md): mint MImage_getSliceCount (MImage image) gets the number of slices of an MImage.
- [MImage_interleavedQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_interleavedQ.en.md): mbool MImage_interleavedQ (MImage image) gives True if MImage is interleaved, and False otherwise.
- [MImage_new2D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_new2D.en.md): int MImage_new2D (mint width, mint height, mint channels, imagedata_t type, colorspace_t cs, mbool interleaving, MImage *res) is a library callback function that creates a new 2D image.
- [MImage_new3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_new3D.en.md): int MImage_new3D (mint slices, mint width, mint height, mint channels, imagedata_t type, colorspace_t cs, mbool interleaving, MImage *res) is a library callback function that creates a new 3D image.
- [MImage_setBit16](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_setBit16.en.md): int MImage_setBit16 (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _bit16 value) sets a single element of an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit16 type.
- [MImage_setBit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_setBit.en.md): int MImage_setBit (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _bit value) sets a single element of an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit type.
- [MImage_setByte](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_setByte.en.md): int MImage_setByte (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _ubit8 value) sets a single element of an MImage of MImage_Type _Bit8 type.
- [MImage_setReal32](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_setReal32.en.md): int MImage_setReal32 (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _real32 value) sets a single element of an MImage of MImage_Type _Real32 type.
- [MImage_setReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_setReal.en.md): int MImage_setReal (MImage image, mint*pos, mint channel, raw_t _real64 value) sets a single element of an MImage of MImage_Type _Real type.
- [MImage_shareCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MImage_shareCount.en.md): mint MImage_shareCount (MImage image) returns the number of sharing references to an MImage held by the Wolfram Language.
- [MNumericArray_clone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_clone.en.md): errcode_t MNumericArray_clone (const MNumericArray in, MNumericArray *out) is a library callback function that puts a clone of in into *out.
- [MNumericArray_convertType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_convertType.en.md): errcode_t MNumericArray_convertType (MNumericArray* out, const MNumericArray na, const numericarray_data _t type, const numericarray_convert _method _t method, const mreal tol) is a library callback function that converts the data type of an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_disownAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_disownAll.en.md): void MNumericArray_disownAll (MNumericArray na) disowns all references to an MNumericArray that was passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MNumericArray_disown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_disown.en.md): void MNumericArray_disown (MNumericArray na) disowns a reference to an MNumericArray that was passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MNumericArray_free](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_free.en.md): void MNumericArray_free (MNumericArray na) is a library callback function that frees an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_getData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_getData.en.md): void*MNumericArray_getData (const MNumericArray na) gets a void pointer to an array of the data elements of an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_getDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_getDimensions.en.md): mint const*MNumericArray_getDimensions (const MNumericArray na) gets an array of the dimensions of an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_getFlattenedLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_getFlattenedLength.en.md): mint MNumericArray_getFlattenedLength (const MNumericArray na) gets the total number of elements in an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_getRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_getRank.en.md): mint MNumericArray_getRank (const MNumericArray na) gets the rank of an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_getType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_getType.en.md): numericarray_data _t MNumericArray_getType (const MNumericArray na) gets the type of an MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_new](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_new.en.md): errcode_t MNumericArray_new (const numericarray_data _t type, const mint rank, const mint* dims, MNumericArray* res) is a library callback function that creates a new MNumericArray.
- [MNumericArray_shareCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MNumericArray_shareCount.en.md): mint (*MNumericArray_shareCount)(MNumericArray na) returns the number of sharing references to an MNumericArray held by the Wolfram Language.
- [MSparseArray_clone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_clone.en.md): int (*MSparseArray_clone)(MSparseArray s, MSparseArray *r) is a library callback function that puts a clone of s into *r.
- [MSparseArray_disownAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_disownAll.en.md): void (*MSparseArray_disownAll)(MSparseArray s) disowns all references to an MSparseArray that were passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MSparseArray_disown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_disown.en.md): void (*MSparseArray_disown)(MSparseArray s) disowns a reference to an MSparseArray that was passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MSparseArray_free](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_free.en.md): void (*MSparseArray_free)(MSparseArray s) is a library callback function that frees an MSparseArray.
- [MSparseArray_fromExplicitPositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_fromExplicitPositions.en.md): int (*MSparseArray_fromExplicitPositions)(MTensor pos, MTensor vals, MTensor dims, MTensor imp, MSparseArray *r) is a library callback function that creates an MSparseArray with dimensions dims given explicit positions pos and values vals and puts the result in *r.
- [MSparseArray_fromMTensor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_fromMTensor.en.md): int (*MSparseArray_fromMTensor)(MTensor t,MTensor imp,MSparseArray *r) is a library callback function that converts from the ordinary MTensor t to an MSparseArray and puts the result in *r.
- [MSparseArray_getColumnIndices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getColumnIndices.en.md): MTensor*(*MSparseArray_getColumnIndices)(MSparseArray s) is a library callback that gives a pointer to an MTensor with the column indices for the explicitly stored positions in s.
- [MSparseArray_getDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getDimensions.en.md): mint const*MSparseArray_getDimensions (MSparseArray s) gets an array of the dimensions of an MSparseArray.
- [MSparseArray_getExplicitPositions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getExplicitPositions.en.md): int (*MSparseArray_getExplicitPositions)(MSparseArray s,MTensor *t) is a library callback that puts an MTensor containing the explicitly specified positions from s into *t.
- [MSparseArray_getExplicitValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getExplicitValues.en.md): MTensor*(*MSparseArray_getExplicitValues)(MSparseArray s) is a library callback that that gives a pointer to an MTensor with the values corresponding to the explicitly stored positions in s.
- [MSparseArray_getImplicit Value](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getImplicitValue.en.md): MTensor*(*MSparseArray_getImplicitValue)(MSparseArray s) is a library callback that gives an MTensor containing the value assumed for positions that are not explicitly given in s.
- [MSparseArray_getRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getRank.en.md): mint MSparseArray_getRank (MSparseArray s) gets the rank of an MSparseArray.
- [MSparseArray_getRowPointers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_getRowPointers.en.md): MTensor*(*MSparseArray_getRowPointers)(MSparseArray s) get a pointer to the MSparseArray containing the row pointer array for s.
- [MSparseArray_resetImplicitValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_resetImplicitValue.en.md): int (*MSparseArray_resetImplicitValue)(MSparseArray s,MTensor imp, MSparseArray *r) is a library callback that returns a new MSparseArray in *r created by changing the value assumed for positions that are not explicitly given.
- [MSparseArray_shareCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_shareCount.en.md): mint (*MSparseArray_shareCount)(MSparseArray s) returns the number of sharing references to an MSparseArray held by the Wolfram Language.
- [MSparseArray_toMTensor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MSparseArray_toMTensor.en.md): int (*MSparseArray_intoMTensor)(MSparseArray s,MTensor *t) is a library callback function that expands s to an ordinary MTensor and puts the result into *t.
- [MTensor_clone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_clone.en.md): int MTensor_clone (MTensor f, MTensor *t) is a library callback function that puts a clone of f into *t.
- [MTensor_disownAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_disownAll.en.md): void MTensor_disownAll (MTensor t) disowns all references to an MTensor that was passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MTensor_disown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_disown.en.md): void MTensor_disown (MTensor t) disowns a reference to an MTensor that was passed between a library function and the Wolfram Language using shared memory management.
- [MTensor_free](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_free.en.md): void MTensor_free () is a library callback function that frees an MTensor.
- [MTensor_getComplexData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getComplexData.en.md): mcomplex*MTensor_getComplexData (MTensor t) gets an array of the data elements of an MTensor of complex type.
- [MTensor_getComplex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getComplex.en.md): int MTensor_getComplex (MTensor t, mint*pos, mcomplex*pres) gets a single element of an MTensor of complex type.
- [MTensor_getDimensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getDimensions.en.md): mint const*MTensor_getDimensions (MTensor t) gets an array of the dimensions of an MTensor.
- [MTensor_getFlattenedLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getFlattenedLength.en.md): mint MTensor_getFlattenedLength (MTensor t) gets the total number of elements in an MTensor.
- [MTensor_getIntegerData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getIntegerData.en.md): mint*MTensor_getIntegerData (MTensor t) gets an array of the data elements of an MTensor of integer type.
- [MTensor_getInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getInteger.en.md): int MTensor_getInteger (MTensor t, mint*pos, mint*pres) gets an element from an MTensor of integer type.
- [MTensor_getMTensor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getMTensor.en.md): int MTensor_getMTensor (MTensor t, mint*pos, mint numpos, MTensor*pres) gets a subtensor element from an MTensor.
- [MTensor_getRank](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getRank.en.md): mint MTensor_getRank (MTensor t) gets the rank of an MTensor.
- [MTensor_getRealData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getRealData.en.md): double*MTensor_getRealData (MTensor t) gets an array of the data elements of an MTensor of real type.
- [MTensor_getReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getReal.en.md): int MTensor_getReal (MTensor t, mint*pos, mreal*pres) gets a single element of an MTensor of real type.
- [MTensor_getType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_getType.en.md): mint MTensor_getType (MTensor t) gets the type of an MTensor.
- [MTensor_new](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_new.en.md): int MTensor_new (mint type, mint rank, mint const*dims, MTensor*pres) is a library callback function that creates a new MTensor.
- [MTensor_setComplex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_setComplex.en.md): void MTensor_setComplex (MTensor t, mint*pos, mcomplex value) sets a single element of an MTensor of complex type.
- [MTensor_setInteger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_setInteger.en.md): void MTensor_setInteger (MTensor t, mint*pos, mint value) sets a single element of an MTensor of integer type.
- [MTensor_setMTensor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_setMTensor.en.md): int MTensor_setMTensor (MTensor t, MTensor val, mint*pos, mint numpos) sets a subtensor element in an MTensor.
- [MTensor_setReal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_setReal.en.md): int MTensor_setReal (MTensor t, mint*pos, mreal value) sets a single element of an MTensor of real type.
- [MTensor_shareCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/MTensor_shareCount.en.md): mint MTensor_shareCount (MTensor t) returns the number of sharing references to an MTensor held by the Wolfram Language.
- [processWSLINK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/processWSLINK.en.md): int processWSLINK (WSLINK link) calls the Wolfram Language to process the expression written onto a link.
- [processWSTP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/processWSTP.en.md): int processWSTP (WSLINK link) calls the Wolfram Language to process the expression written onto a link.
- [registerLibraryCallbackManager](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/registerLibraryCallbackManager.en.md): int (*registerLibraryCallbackManager)(const char *mgr, void (*mfun)(WolframLibraryData libData, mint id, MTensor argtypes)) is a library callback function that registers a library callback manager name mgr with the function mfun.
- [registerLibraryExpressionManager](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/registerLibraryExpressionManager.en.md): int (*registerLibraryExpressionManager)(const char *mgr, void (*manageFun)(WolframLibraryData libData ,mbool mode, mint id))) is a library callback function that registers a library expression manager name mgr with the function manageFun.
- [releaseLibraryCallbackFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/releaseLibraryCallbackFunction.en.md): int (*releaseLibraryCallbackFunction)(mint id) is a library callback function that releases the library callback function associated with the specified positive integer id.
- [releaseManagedLibraryExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/releaseManagedLibraryExpression.en.md): int (*releaseManagedLibraryExpression)(const char *mgr, mint id) is a library callback function that releases a library expression managed by mgr with the positive integer id.
- [unregisterLibraryCallbackManager](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/unregisterLibraryCallbackManager.en.md): int (*unregisterLibraryCallbackManager)(const char* mgr) is a library callback function that unregisters a library expression manager with name mgr.
- [unregisterLibraryExpressionManager](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/unregisterLibraryExpressionManager.en.md): int (*unregisterLibraryExpressionManager)(const char* mgr) is a library callback function that unregisters a library expression manager with name mgr.
- [UTF8String_disown](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/ref/callback/UTF8String_disown.en.md): void UTF8String_disown (char*s) disowns a string argument.

### Tutorials

- [Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/Examples.en.md): Wolfram LibraryLink allows dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into the Wolfram Language kernel so that functions in the libraries can be immediately called from the Wolfram Language. You can exchange not only C-like data types such as integers, reals, packed arrays, and strings, but also arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions. In addition, there are useful functions such as sending errors and calling back to the Wolfram Language. A number of sample Wolfram Libraries are included with the ...
- [Image Processing Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/ImageProcessing.en.md): The Wolfram Language makes it possible to interface with existing image processing libraries efficiently using Wolfram LibraryLink. By interfacing to libraries, you can make use of existing code from within the Wolfram Language. This tutorial walks you through some examples using LibraryLink along with image processing. LibraryLink provides a way to interface the Wolfram Language to C or C++ code. The interface is low level but efficient, and is targeted to users who wish to either use ...
- [Interaction with the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/InteractionWithWolframLanguage.en.md): Wolfram LibraryLink allows dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into the Wolfram Language kernel so that functions in the libraries can be immediately called from the Wolfram Language. You can exchange not only C-like data types such as integers, reals, packed arrays, and strings, but also arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions. In addition, there are useful functions such as sending errors and calling back to the Wolfram Language. This section describes the functions that the Wolfram ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Most modern computer systems provide ways to collect code into libraries. These libraries are said to be dynamic if they can be loaded into an application at runtime rather than when the application is built. If loading can happen after an application has already started running, it is a particularly useful way to add functionality. Many plug-in architectures are built from dynamic libraries that are loaded in this way. Wolfram LibraryLink allows dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into ...
- [Library Structure and Life Cycle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/LibraryStructure.en.md): Wolfram LibraryLink allows dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into the Wolfram Language kernel so that functions in the libraries can be immediately called from the Wolfram Language. You can exchange not only C-like data types such as integers, reals, packed arrays, and strings, but also arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions. In addition, there are useful functions such as sending errors and calling back to the Wolfram Language. This section describes the structure of a Wolfram Library ...
- [Numerical Examples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/Numerical.en.md): The functions accessible with Wolfram LibraryLink make it possible to optimize numerical computations while still keeping the flexibility and generality of the Wolfram Language. If you have a large existing numerical code, both the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP) and LibraryLink provide good ways of interfacing the code to be driven from the Wolfram Language. On the other hand, if you are developing a numerical computation, you can prototype it with the Wolfram Language, and then if ...
- [Wolfram LibraryLink User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Library Structure and Life Cycle Interaction with the Wolfram Language
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LibraryLink/tutorial/Reference.en.md): Wolfram LibraryLink allows dynamic libraries to be directly loaded into the Wolfram Language kernel so that functions in the libraries can be immediately called from the Wolfram Language. You can exchange not only C-like data types such as integers, reals, packed arrays, and strings, but also arbitrary Wolfram Language expressions. In addition, there are useful functions such as sending errors and calling back to the Wolfram Language. This section summarizes the functionality. This section ...

## LightweightGridClient


### Guide Pages

- [The Wolfram Lightweight Grid Client](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/guide/LightweightGridClient.en.md): The Wolfram Lightweight Grid is a system for launching and managing remote Mathematica kernels, a key element of a Mathematica^® grid computing environment.

### Reference Pages

- [ClosedKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/ClosedKernel.en.md): ClosedKernel[linkname] represents a Lightweight Grid kernel that was successfully closed.
- [LightweightGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/LightweightGrid.en.md): As of Version 13.1, LightweightGrid has been superseded by LWG KernelConfiguration.
- [RemoteKernelCloseAll](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteKernelCloseAll.en.md): RemoteKernelCloseAll[] closes all kernels returned by RemoteServicesLinks.
- [RemoteKernelClose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteKernelClose.en.md): RemoteKernelClose[kernel] closes a Lightweight Grid kernel.
- [RemoteKernelInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteKernelInformation.en.md): RemoteKernelInformation[link] returns information about the Lightweight Grid kernel connected on link. RemoteKernelInformation[] returns information about all open Lightweight Grid kernels.
- [RemoteKernelOpen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteKernelOpen.en.md): RemoteKernelOpen[spec] launches a kernel with the given specification. RemoteKernelOpen[{spec1, spec2, ...}] launches kernels in parallel.
- [RemoteKernelServices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteKernelServices.en.md): RemoteKernelServices[] returns a list of services provided by the Lightweight Grid.
- [RemoteService](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteService.en.md): RemoteService[properties] contains a list of properties about a service provided by a Lightweight Grid Manager.
- [RemoteServiceInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServiceInformation.en.md): RemoteServiceInformation[agent] returns information about the services provided by agent. RemoteServiceInformation[] returns information about services provided by agents on the local network.
- [RemoteServicesAgent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServicesAgent.en.md): RemoteServicesAgent[properties] contains a list of properties for a Lightweight Grid Manager running on a networked computer.
- [RemoteServicesAgentInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServicesAgentInformation.en.md): RemoteServicesAgentInformation[agent] returns information about agent. RemoteServicesAgentInformation[] returns information about agents on the local network.
- [RemoteServicesAgents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServicesAgents.en.md): RemoteServicesAgents[] returns a list of URLs for Lightweight Grid managers discovered on the local network. RemoteServicesAgents[agent] returns a list of agent URLs known to agent.
- [RemoteServices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServices.en.md): As of Version 13.1, RemoteServices has been superseded by LWG KernelConfiguration.
- [RemoteServicesKernel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServicesKernel.en.md): RemoteServicesKernel[properties] contains a list of properties about a currently open Lightweight Grid kernel.
- [RemoteServicesLinks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/ref/RemoteServicesLinks.en.md): RemoteServicesLinks[] returns the list of all Lightweight Grid kernels that are currently open.

### Tutorials

- [Introduction to the Wolfram Lightweight Grid System](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LightweightGridClient/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): The Wolfram Lightweight Grid System provides functions for launching and managing remote kernels, one part of a complete Mathematica^® parallel computing environment. With the Lightweight Grid, you can: The Lightweight Grid has both client and server components. The client component is described in this guide. It provides functions for starting and managing parallel kernels in Mathematica and for coordinating remote or parallel computations. The server component, called a manager, runs in a ...

## LinearRegression


### Guide Pages

- [Linear Regression Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/guide/LinearRegressionPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [BasisNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/ref/BasisNames.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BasisNames has become an optional argument for LinearModelFit.
- [DesignedRegress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/ref/DesignedRegress.en.md): As of Version 7.0, DesignedRegress has been superseded by LinearModelFit.
- [DesignMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/ref/DesignMatrix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, DesignMatrix is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [IncludeConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/ref/IncludeConstant.en.md): As of Version 7.0, IncludeConstant has been renamed to IncludeConstantBasis and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [Regress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/ref/Regress.en.md): As of Version 7.0, Regress has been superseded by LinearModelFit.

### Tutorials

- [Linear Regression Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LinearRegression/tutorial/LinearRegression.en.md): The built-in function Fit finds a least-squares fit to a list of data as a linear combination of the specified basis functions. The functions Regress and DesignedRegress provided in this package augment Fit by giving a list of commonly required diagnostics such as the coefficient of determination RSquared, the analysis of variance table ANOVATable, and the mean squared error EstimatedVariance. The output of regression functions can be controlled so that only needed information is produced. The ...

## LowLevelLinearAlgebra


### Guide Pages

- [Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/guide/BLASGuide.en.md): Linear algebra is at the core of many mathematical concepts. In addition to high level functions such as Dot, Transpose, and Outer, the Wolfram Language provides, both direct access to and extensions of much of the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS) library. For some applications, these can provide a performance boost.

### Reference Pages

- [ASUM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/ASUM.en.md): ASUM[x] computes the sum of the absolute values of elements of the vector x.
- [AXPY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/AXPY.en.md): AXPY[\\[Alpha], x, y] computes the vector y + \\[Alpha]x and resets y to the result.
- [COPY](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/COPY.en.md): COPY[x, y] copies the contents of the vector x to the vector y.
- [DOTC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/DOTC.en.md): DOTC[x, y] computes the dot product of two vectors x^\\[Conjugate] and y.
- [DOT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/DOT.en.md): DOT[x, y] computes the dot product of two vectors x and y.
- [GEMM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/GEMM.en.md): GEMM[tsa, tsb, \\[Alpha], a, b, \\[Beta], c] computes the matrix-matrix multiplication \\[Alpha] optsa[a] . optsb[b] + \\[Beta] c and resets c to the result.
- [GEMV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/GEMV.en.md): GEMV[ts, \\[Alpha], a, x, \\[Beta], y] computes the matrix-vector multiplication \\[Alpha] opts[a] . x + \\[Beta] y and resets y to the result.
- [GERC](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/GERC.en.md): GERC[\\[Alpha], x, y, a] computes the rank-one update a + \\[Alpha]\\[ThinSpace]Outer[Times, x, Conjugate[y]] and resets a to the result.
- [GER](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/GER.en.md): GER[\\[Alpha], x, y, a] computes the rank-one update a + \\[Alpha]\\[ThinSpace]Outer[Times, x, y] and resets a to the result.
- [HERK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/HERK.en.md): HERK[ul, ts, \\[Alpha], a, \\[Beta], b] computes the Hermitian rank-k update \\[Alpha] opts[a] . ConjugateTranspose[opts[a]] + \\[Beta] b and resets the appropriate part of b to the result.
- [IAMAX](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/IAMAX.en.md): IAMAX[x] gives the position of the element with the maximum absolute value in a vector x.
- [NRM2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/NRM2.en.md): NRM2[x] gives the Euclidean norm of the vector x.
- [ROT](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/ROT.en.md): ROT[x, y, c, s] applies a Givens rotation {{c, s}, {-Conjugate[s], c}} to the vectors x and y.
- [ROTG](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/ROTG.en.md): ROTG[a, b, c, s] computes a Givens rotation {c, s} for given scalars a and b.
- [SCAL](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/SCAL.en.md): SCAL[\\[Alpha], x] computes the scaled vector \\[Alpha] x and resets x to the result.
- [SWAP](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/SWAP.en.md): SWAP[x, y] swaps contents of the vectors x and y.
- [SYMV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/SYMV.en.md): SYMV[ul, \\[Alpha], a, x, \\[Beta], y] computes the symmetric matrix-vector multiplication \\[Alpha] a . x + \\[Beta] y and resets y to the result.
- [SYR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/SYR.en.md): SYR[ul, \\[Alpha], x, a] computes the symmetric rank-one update a + \\[Alpha] Outer[Times, x, x] and resets the appropriate part of a to the result.
- [SYRK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/SYRK.en.md): SYRK[ul, ts, \\[Alpha], a, \\[Beta], b] computes the symmetric rank-k update \\[Alpha] opts[a] . Transpose[opts[a]] + \\[Beta] b and resets the appropriate part of b to the result.
- [TBSV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/TBSV.en.md): TBSV[ul, ts, dg, k, aband, b] solves the system of linear equations opts[a] . x == b and resets b to the result x, where a is the square matrix corresponding to the banded matrix aband.
- [TRMM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/TRMM.en.md): TRMM[sd, ul, ts, dg, \\[Alpha], a, b] computes the multiplication of a triangle matrix a and a full matrix b as \\[Alpha] opts[a] . b or \\[Alpha] b . opts[a] and resets b to the result.
- [TRMV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/TRMV.en.md): TRMV[ul, ts, dg, a, b] computes the triangular matrix-vector multiplication opts[a] . b and resets b to the result.
- [TRSM](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/TRSM.en.md): TRSM[sd, ul, ts, dg, \\[Alpha], a, b] solves triangular systems of linear equations opts[a] . x = \\[Alpha] b or x . opts[a] == \\[Alpha] b and resets b to the results x.
- [TRSV](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LowLevelLinearAlgebra/ref/TRSV.en.md): TRSV[ul, ts, dg, a, b] solves the triangular system of linear equations opts[a] . x == b and resets b to the result x.

## LSPServer


### Guide Pages

- [LSPServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LSPServer/guide/LSPServer.en.md): LSPServer is a package that implements Language Server Protocol for Wolfram Language.

### Reference Pages

- [StartServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/LSPServer/ref/StartServer.en.md): StartServer[] starts the LSP server.

## MicrocontrollerKit


### Guide Pages

- [Microcontroller Kit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/guide/MicrocontrollerKit.en.md): Microcontrollers are found in innumerable applications, and their visibility and usage has expanded a great deal with the maker movement. A microcontroller is part hardware and part software. The software can be code for data acquisition, a controller, a filter, or a model to be simulated. The generation and deployment of code typically involves several iterations before the desired objectives of the project are met.

### Reference Pages

- [MicrocontrollerCodeData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/ref/MicrocontrollerCodeData.en.md): MicrocontrollerCodeData[...] represents data about code that was generated using MicrocontrollerEmbedCode.
- [MicrocontrollerEmbedCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/ref/MicrocontrollerEmbedCode.en.md): MicrocontrollerEmbedCode[sys, \\[Mu]c, p] embeds the systems model sys to the microcontroller \\[Mu]c using p.

#### entity

- [MicrocontrollerFamily](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/ref/entity/MicrocontrollerFamily.en.md): Families of targets supported by the Microcontroller Kit paclet.
- [MicrocontrollerTarget](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/ref/entity/MicrocontrollerTarget.en.md): Targets supported by the Microcontroller Kit paclet.
- [MicrocontrollerVendor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/ref/entity/MicrocontrollerVendor.en.md): Vendors of targets supported by the Microcontroller Kit paclet.

### Tutorials

- [Analog Inputs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/AnalogInputs.en.md): When reading analog signals the microcontroller converts the voltage to digital signals using analog to digital conversion (ADC). The simplest conversation is that of a single input. The signal is converted to a digital signal and stored in a register on the microcontroller. This value is used by the deployed code to reconstruct the analog signal. In some microcontrollers, it is also possible to use differential channels and amplify the signal before doing the conversion.
- [Analog Outputs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/AnalogOutputs.en.md): A microcontroller pin can only output a high Vcc value or 0. To get values in between the microcontroller uses pulse width modulation (PWM). PWM works by setting the output high for only a percentage of time during each sampling period. The percentage is called the duty cycle of the PWM signal. If the sampling period is constant and fast enough the end result is a signal whose value is the same percentage of Vcc. Thus to achieve PWM the microcontroller outputs a series of on-off pulses. To ...
- [Customizing the Microcontroller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/CustomizingTheMicrocontroller.en.md): When generating code many parameters are automatically configured or based on default values. These can be modified by specifying them to the microcontroller. General parameters. Load the package.
- [Delving into the Generated Code](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/DelvingIntoTheCode.en.md): MicrocontrollerEmbedCode returns a MicrocontrollerCodeData object that can be used to inspect the generated source code and probe other properties of the generated code. Load the package. MicrocontrollerEmbedCode returns a MicrocontrollerCodeData object .
- [Digital Inputs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/DigitalInputs.en.md): The signal at a microcontroller's input pin can take a high or low value. The input bit in the microcontroller for that pin will be set or cleared based on the pin's value. These values or the changes in these values can be used as measures of the digital input. The various types of digital inputs: Digital input types.
- [Digital Outputs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/DigitalOutputs.en.md): A digital output is the most elementary feature in a microcontroller. A pin that is a digital output is set either high or low. The high value is the microcontroller's operating voltage Vcc and the low value is 0. In the basic operation of a digital output pin the output is either high or low. Load the package.
- [External Libraries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/ExternalLibraries.en.md): Sometimes, you may wish to use an existing library for the devices that are connected to the microcontroller or for the microcontroller itself. Such libraries can be included by specifying their paths in the Libraries property as MicrocontrollerEmbedCode[...,<|...,Libraries->paths,...|>]. The code from the external library for a device can be injected alongside the generated code by specifying the input or output channel to be of type ExternalLibrary and adding additional channel ...
- [I2C Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/I2CCommunication.en.md): Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) is also referred to as Two-Wire Interface (TWI). In I2C communication there is a master device and one or more slave devices. The microcontroller can be configured as either a master or slave device. The clock (SCL) signal is primarily controlled by the master. The data transfer happens on the data (SDA) line. The master communicates to each slave using a unique 7-bit address.
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Microcontrollers are pervasive in a myriad of applications and are typically work behind the scenes. However, with the emergence of the maker movement and a growing interest in microcontrollers, their usage is becoming more widespread. On the one hand a microcontroller is a hardware device that interacts with other electronic devices such as temperature sensors, encoders, and motors. On the other hand it is also a tiny computer that can be programmed. To begin programming microcontrollers, we ...
- [Microcontroller Kit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Setting up Your Machine Digital Outputs
- [Serial Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/SerialCommunication.en.md): Serial communication uses RX and TX pins to receive and transmit data. As there is no common clock signal, both devices must agree on a number of parameters. If necessary, these parameters can be given to the microcontroller's Serial specification. Basic serial specifications.
- [Setting up Your Machine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/SettingUpYourMachine.en.md): The code generation is handled completely within the Wolfram System. However, to compile and download the code it invokes an external toolchain. First load the package. Load the package.
- [SPI Communication](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/SPICommunication.en.md): In Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Communication there is a master device and one or more slave devices. The microcontroller can be configured as either a master or a slave device. The serial clock (SCK) signal is generated by the master. The clock line is also referred to as the SCLK or CLK line. The master receives data from the slave on the Master-Input-Slave-Output (MISO) line. The master sends data to the slave on the Master-Output-Slave-Input (MOSI) line. At any one time there is ...
- [Supported Microcontrollers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/SupportedMicrocontrollers.en.md): The entity types MicrocontrollerTarget, MicrocontrollerVendor, and MicrocontrollerFamily help determine if a microcontroller target, vendor, or family is supported. Load the package. The list of supported targets.
- [Uploading Programs to the Microcontroller](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/tutorial/UploadingPrograms.en.md): After the source code has been generated and compiled to the machine code, it needs to be uploaded to the microcontroller. To get the program into its flash memory the microcontroller uses a few pins that are called programming pins. These programming pins are connected to the PC through a device called an external programmer. A software called the programmer uploads the program through the external programmer onto the microcontroller. It's not necessary to specify the entire toolchain to ...

### Workflow Guides

- [Microcontroller Kit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflowguide/MicrocontrollerKitWorkflowGuide.en.md): Sample Projects

### Workflows

- [Analog filter realization](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/AnalogFilterRealization.en.md): Realize an analog filter on a microcontroller
- [Balancing a ball on a beam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/BallAndBeamControl.en.md): Deploy code that will balance a ball on a beam
- [Hardware-in-the-loop simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/HIL.en.md): Embed a dynamic system for hardware-in-the loop simulation
- [Speed Control of a DC Motor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/MotorSpeedControl.en.md): Deploy code to a microcontroller to control the speed of a DC motor
- [Zumo path following robot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/PathFollowingControl.en.md): Deploy code to the Zumo robot so it follows a path
- [Real-time data acquisition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/RealTimeDataAcquisition.en.md): Acquire real-time data from a sensor
- [Open-loop control of a stepper motor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MicrocontrollerKit/workflow/StepperMotorControl.en.md): Deploy code to control a stepper motor using a joystick

## MongoLink


### Guide Pages

- [MongoLink Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/guide/MongoLinkOperations.en.md): MongoLink is a toolkit for working with MongoDB databases built into the Wolfram Language. It uses the MongoDB C Driver via LibraryLink to interface with MongoDB databases with minimal overhead.

### Reference Pages

- [BSONDecimal128](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/BSONDecimal128.en.md): BSONDecimal128[num] is an object that represents an Object ID in the BSON format.
- [BSONObjectID](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/BSONObjectID.en.md): BSONObjectID[...] is an object that represents an Object ID in the BSON format.
- [MongoClient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoClient.en.md): MongoClient[...] is an object that represents a MongoDB client connection.
- [MongoCollectionAggregate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionAggregate.en.md): MongoCollectionAggregate[MongoCollection[...], pipeline] calculates aggregate values for the data in a MongoCollection.
- [MongoCollectionCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionCount.en.md): MongoCollectionCount[MongoCollection[...]] counts the number of documents in MongoCollection. MongoCollectionCount[MongoCollection[...], query] counts the number of documents in MongoCollection matching the query query.
- [MongoCollectionDeleteMany](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionDeleteMany.en.md): MongoCollectionDeleteMany[MongoCollection[...], filter] deletes one or more documents that match the filter filter.
- [MongoCollectionDeleteOne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionDeleteOne.en.md): MongoCollectionDeleteOne[MongoCollection[...], filter] deletes the first document that matches the filter filter.
- [MongoCollectionDistinct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionDistinct.en.md): MongoCollectionDistinct[MongoCollection[...], f] obtain a list of distinct values for the field in the collection. MongoCollectionDistinct[MongoCollection[...], field, query] obtain a list of distinct values for the field for documents matching query.
- [MongoCollectionDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionDrop.en.md): MongoCollectionDrop[MongoCollection[...]] removes the collection MongoCollection[...],
- [MongoCollection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollection.en.md): MongoCollection[...] is an object which represents a MongoDB collection.
- [MongoCollectionFind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionFind.en.md): MongoCollectionFind[MongoCollection[...]] returns a MongoCursor containing every document in MongoCollection. MongoCollectionFind[MongoCollection[...], query] returns a cursor containing every document matching the query query. MongoCollectionFind[MongoCollection[...], query, projection] the fields included in the documents is controlled by projection.
- [MongoCollectionFindOne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionFindOne.en.md): MongoCollectionFindOne[MongoCollection[...]] returns the first document in MongoCollection. MongoCollectionFindOne[MongoCollection[...], query] returns the first document matching the query query. MongoCollectionFindOne[MongoCollection[...], query, projection] the fields included in the document are controlled by projection.
- [MongoCollectionInsert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionInsert.en.md): MongoCollectionInsert[MongoCollection[...], doc] inserts a document doc into the collection. MongoCollectionInsert[MongoCollection[...], {doc1, ..., docn}] inserts n documents into the collection.
- [MongoCollectionName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionName.en.md): MongoCollectionName[MongoCollection[...]] returns the name of the MongoCollection object.
- [MongoCollectionReplaceOne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionReplaceOne.en.md): MongoCollectionReplaceOne[MongoCollection[...], filter, replacement] replaces one document that matches the filter filter with the new document defined by replacement.
- [MongoCollectionStats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionStats.en.md): MongoCollectionStats[MongoCollection[...]] obtain a variety of statistics related to the MongoCollection.
- [MongoCollectionUpdateMany](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionUpdateMany.en.md): MongoCollectionUpdateMany[MongoCollection[...], filter, update] updates one or more documents that match the filter filter with the modification defined by update.
- [MongoCollectionUpdateOne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionUpdateOne.en.md): MongoCollectionUpdateOne[MongoCollection[...], filter, update] updates one document that matches the filter filter with the modification defined by update.
- [MongoCollectionValidate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCollectionValidate.en.md): MongoCollectionValidate[MongoCollection[...]] validates the MongoDB collection MongoCollection[...]. MongoCollectionValidate[MongoCollection[...], <|Full -> True|>] validates the MongoDB collection MongoCollection[...] slower, but more thoroughly.
- [MongoConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoConnect.en.md): MongoConnect[] create a client object MongoClient using hostname  localhost and port number 27017. MongoConnect[host] create a MongoClient using hostname host. MongoConnect[assoc] create a MongoClient using the components in the association assoc.
- [MongoCursor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCursor.en.md): MongoCursor[...] is an object which represents a cursor for iterating through documents in a MongoDB collection.
- [MongoCursorGetBatchSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCursorGetBatchSize.en.md): MongoCursorGetBatchSize[MongoCursor[...]] returns the batch size of a MongoCursor[...] object.
- [MongoCursorNext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCursorNext.en.md): MongoCursorNext[MongoCursor[...]] returns the next document in the MongoCursor[...] object.
- [MongoCursorSetBatchSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCursorSetBatchSize.en.md): MongoCursorSetBatchSize[MongoCursor[...], size] sets the number of documents MongoCursor[...] will return as specified by size.
- [MongoCursorToArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoCursorToArray.en.md): MongoCursorToArray[MongoCursor[...]] takes a MongoCursor object and returns a list of all remaining documents.
- [MongoDatabaseDrop](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoDatabaseDrop.en.md): MongoDatabaseDrop[MongoDatabase[...]] completely removes the database MongoDatabase[...] .
- [MongoDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoDatabase.en.md): MongoDatabase[...] is an object which represents a MongoDB database.
- [MongoDatabaseGetCollectionInfos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoDatabaseGetCollectionInfos.en.md): MongoDatabaseGetCollectionInfos[MongoDatabase[...]] obtain information the MongoDatabase[...] MongoDatabaseGetCollectionInfos[MongoDatabase[...], filter] obtain information matching the filter filter
- [MongoDatabaseName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoDatabaseName.en.md): MongoDatabaseName[MongoDatabase[...]] returns the name of the connected MongoDatabase.
- [MongoDriverVersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoDriverVersion.en.md): MongoDriverVersion[] returns a string of the driver version used by MongoLink.
- [MongoGetCollection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoGetCollection.en.md): MongoGetCollection[MongoDatabase[...], name] connects to a collection name inside the database MongoDatabase[...]. MongoGetCollection[MongoClient[...], dbname, collname] connects to a collection collname inside the database dbname using client MongoClient[...].
- [MongoGetCollectionNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoGetCollectionNames.en.md): MongoGetCollectionNames[MongoDatabase[...]] returns a list of the names of all collections inside the database MongoDatabase[...].
- [MongoGetDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoGetDatabase.en.md): MongoGetDatabase[MongoClient[...], name] create a connection to a MongoDatabase name in the client MongoClient[...].
- [MongoGetDatabaseNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoGetDatabaseNames.en.md): MongoGetDatabaseNames[MongoClient[...]] returns a list of the names of all databases in the client ButtonBox[MongoClient, BaseStyle->Link, ButtonData->paclet:MongoLink/ref/MongoClient][...].
- [MongoInsertResult](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoInsertResult.en.md): MongoInsertResult[...] an object representing the result of a MongoDB insertion operation.
- [MongoWriteConcernCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoWriteConcernCreate.en.md): MongoWriteConcernCreate[] creates an immutable MongoWriteConcern object. MongoWriteConcernCreate[w] creates a MongoWriteConcern object with acknowledgement level w.
- [MongoWriteConcern](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/MongoWriteConcern.en.md): MongoWriteConcern[] is an object which represents a write concern in MongoDB.
- [$MongoDefaultCAFile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/ref/$MongoDefaultCAFile.en.md): $MongoDefaultCAFile gives the default certificate authority file for use with MongoLink.

### Tutorials

- [MongoLink Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MongoLink/tutorial/MongoLinkSimpleTutorial.en.md): MongoLink is a set of tools for working with MongoDB. This tutorial shows how to perform the most common MongoDB operations using MongoLink. This tutorial assumes that a MongoDB server is running on your local machine at the default host and port. For platform-dependent instructions for running a MongoDB server locally, see this. Load MongoLink:

## MultivariateStatistics


### Guide Pages

- [Multivariate Statistics Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/guide/MultivariateStatisticsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Ellipsoid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/Ellipsoid.en.md): Ellipsoid[{x1, ..., xp}, {r1, ..., rp}] represents a p-dimensional ellipsoid centered at the point {x1, ..., xp} with semi-axis radii ri aligned with the coordinate axes. Ellipsoid[{x1, ..., xp}, {r1, ..., rp}, {d1, ..., dp}] represents a p-dimensional ellipsoid with semi-axis radii ri aligned with the direction di.
- [EllipsoidProbability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/EllipsoidProbability.en.md): EllipsoidProbability[dist, ellipse] gives the cumulative probability of dist over ellipse centered at the mean of dist.
- [EllipsoidQuantile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/EllipsoidQuantile.en.md): EllipsoidQuantile[matrix, q] gives the ellipsoidal locus of the q^th quantile of matrix. EllipsoidQuantile[matrix, {q1, q2, ...}] gives ellipsoidal loci for multiple quantiles q1, q2, ....
- [EllipsoidQuartiles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/EllipsoidQuartiles.en.md): EllipsoidQuartiles[matrix] gives the ellipsoidal loci of the quartiles of matrix.
- [GeneralizedVariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/GeneralizedVariance.en.md): GeneralizedVariance[matrix] gives the generalized variance for matrix.
- [HotellingTSquareDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/HotellingTSquareDistribution.en.md): As of Version 8, HotellingTSquareDistribution is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [KendallRankCorrelation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/KendallRankCorrelation.en.md): As of Version 9.0, KendallRankCorrelation has been renamed to KendallTau and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [MedianMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MedianMethod.en.md): MedianMethod is an option for MultivariateMedianDeviation that specifies the multivariate median to use.
- [MultiPoissonDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultiPoissonDistribution.en.md): As of Version 8.0, MultiPoissonDistribution has been renamed to MultivariatePoissonDistribution and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [MultivariateKurtosis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultivariateKurtosis.en.md): MultivariateKurtosis[matrix] gives a multivariate kurtosis coefficient for matrix.
- [MultivariateMeanDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultivariateMeanDeviation.en.md): MultivariateMeanDeviation[matrix] gives the mean of the Euclidean distances between the elements of matrix and their mean.
- [MultivariateMedianDeviation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultivariateMedianDeviation.en.md): MultivariateMedianDeviation[matrix] gives the median Euclidean distance from the median of the elements in matrix.
- [MultivariateSkewness](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultivariateSkewness.en.md): MultivariateSkewness[matrix] gives a multivariate coefficient of skewness for matrix.
- [MultivariateTDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultivariateTDistribution.en.md): As of Version 8, MultivariateTDistribution is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [MultivariateTrimmedMean](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/MultivariateTrimmedMean.en.md): MultivariateTrimmedMean[matrix, f] gives the mean of the bivariate data matrix after dropping a fraction f of the outermost vectors.
- [NegativeMultinomialDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/NegativeMultinomialDistribution.en.md): As of Version 8, NegativeMultinomialDistribution is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [Polytope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/Polytope.en.md): Polytope[{v1, v2, ...}, connectivity] represents a p-dimensional polytope with p-variate vertices v1, v2, ..., where the connections between the vertices is specified by connectivity.
- [PolytopeQuantile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/PolytopeQuantile.en.md): PolytopeQuantile[{{x11, x12}, ..., {x n 1, x n 2}}, q] gives the locus of the q^th quantile of the bivariate data, where the data has been ordered using convex hulls centered on ConvexHullMedian[{{x11, x12}, ..., {x n 1, x n 2}}].
- [PolytopeQuartiles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/PolytopeQuartiles.en.md): PolytopeQuartiles[{x1, ..., xn}] gives a list of the loci of the quartiles of the bivariate data x1, x 2, ... where the data has been ordered using convex hulls centered on ConvexHullMedian[{x1, ..., xn}].
- [PrincipalComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/PrincipalComponents.en.md): As of Version 8, PrincipalComponents is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [QuadraticFormDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/QuadraticFormDistribution.en.md): QuadraticFormDistribution[{a, b, c}, {\\[Mu], \\[CapitalSigma]}] represents the distribution of a quadratic form z . a . z + b . z + c for multivariate normal z.
- [SimplexMedian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/SimplexMedian.en.md): SimplexMedian[matrix] gives a simplex median of the elements in matrix.
- [SpatialMedian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/SpatialMedian.en.md): As of Version 11.1, SpatialMedian is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [SpearmanRankCorrelation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/SpearmanRankCorrelation.en.md): As of Version 9.0, SpearmanRankCorrelation has been renamed to SpearmanRho and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [TotalVariation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/TotalVariation.en.md): TotalVariation[matrix] gives the total variation for matrix.
- [WishartDistribution](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/ref/WishartDistribution.en.md): WishartDistribution[\\[CapitalSigma], m] represents a Wishart distribution with scale matrix \\[CapitalSigma] and degrees of freedom parameter m.

### Tutorials

- [Multivariate Statistics Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/MultivariateStatistics/tutorial/MultivariateStatistics.en.md): This package contains descriptive statistics for multivariate data and distributions derived from the multivariate normal distribution. Distributions are represented in the symbolic form name[param_ 1,param_ 2,...]. This loads the package. Here is a bivariate dataset (courtesy of United States Forest Products Laboratory).

## Music


### Guide Pages

- [Music Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/guide/MusicPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [A0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [A7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/A7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Aflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Aflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Asharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Asharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [B7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/B7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Bsharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Bsharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [C7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/C7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [CentsToHertz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/CentsToHertz.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Cflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Cflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Csharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Csharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [D7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/D7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Dsharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Dsharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [E7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/E7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Eflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Eflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Esharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Esharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [F7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/F7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Fsharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Fsharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [G7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/G7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gflat7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gflat7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp0.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp1](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp1.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp2](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp2.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp3](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp3.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp4.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp5.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp6](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp6.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [Gsharp7](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/Gsharp7.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [HertzToCents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/HertzToCents.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [JustMajor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/JustMajor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [JustMinor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/JustMinor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [MeanChromatic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/MeanChromatic.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [MeanMajor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/MeanMajor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [MeanMinor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/MeanMinor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [MusicScale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/MusicScale.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [PythagoreanChromatic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/PythagoreanChromatic.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [PythagoreanMajor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/PythagoreanMajor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [QuarterTone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/QuarterTone.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [SixthTone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/SixthTone.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [TemperedChromatic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/TemperedChromatic.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [TemperedMajor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/TemperedMajor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.
- [TemperedMinor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/ref/TemperedMinor.en.md): Obsolete as of version 15.

### Tutorials

- [Music Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Music/tutorial/Music.en.md): The functions defined in Music` allow you to make conversions between cents and hertz, and play scales in one of the common tuning systems, or in a user-specified tuning system. In addition, a set of equal-tempered pitch/frequency equivalents is defined. When you try the examples in this documentation, your computer display may not look exactly the same, since the graphic displays accompanying the Wolfram Language's sound generation vary from platform to platform. Creating a scale.

## NETLink


### Guide Pages

- [Calling COM & DLLs in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/CallingCOMAndDLLs.en.md): 
- [Calling .NET from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/CallingNETFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): 
- [Calling the Wolfram Language from .NET](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/CallingTheWolframLanguageFromNET.en.md): 
- [.NET Interface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/DotNETInterface.en.md): 
- [.NET Connection Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/NETConnectionManagement.en.md): 
- [.NET Exception Handling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/NETExceptionHandling.en.md): 
- [.NET Memory Management](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/NETMemoryManagement.en.md): 
- [.NET Types & Assemblies in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/NETTypesAndAssemblies.en.md): 
- [.NET User Interfaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/guide/NETUserInterfaces.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [ActivateWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ActivateWindow.en.md): ActivateWindow is an option to DoNETModeless that specifies whether to make the window visible.
- [AddEventHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/AddEventHandler.en.md): AddEventHandler[obj@event, func] assigns the specified Wolfram Language function func to be called when the given event event fires.
- [AllowShortContext](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/AllowShortContext.en.md): AllowShortContext is an option to LoadJavaClass (in J/Link) and LoadNETType (in .NET/Link) that specifies whether the class-specific context in which static method and field definitions are created should be placed on $ContextPath.
- [BeginNETBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/BeginNETBlock.en.md): BeginNETBlock[] and EndNETBlock[] are equivalent to the NETBlock function, except that they work across a larger span than the evaluation of a single expression.
- [CallingConvention](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/CallingConvention.en.md): CallingConvention is an option to DefineDLLFunction that specifies what calling convention the DLL function uses.
- [CastNETObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/CastNETObject.en.md): CastNETObject[obj, type] casts the specified object to a different type.
- [CreateCOMObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/CreateCOMObject.en.md): CreateCOMObject[str] creates a COM object specified by the string str.
- [DefineDLLFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/DefineDLLFunction.en.md): DefineDLLFunction[func, dll, rtype, atypes] returns a Wolfram Language function that calls the specified function func with argument types atypes and return type rtype in the specified unmanaged DLL dll. DefineDLLFunction[declaration] lets you write a full C #-syntax 'extern' function declaration. Use this form when you need to write a complex function declaration that requires features not available using options to DefineDLLFunction, such as specific MarshalAs attributes on each of the ...
- [DefineNETDelegate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/DefineNETDelegate.en.md): DefineNETDelegate[name, rtype, ptypes] creates a new .NET delegate type with the given name name, return type rtype, and parameter types ptypes.
- [DoNETModal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/DoNETModal.en.md): DoNETModal[form] displays the specified .NET form in the foreground and does not return until the form window is closed. DoNETModal[form, expr] evaluates expr just before the form is closed and returns the result.
- [DoNETModeless](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/DoNETModeless.en.md): DoNETModeless[form] displays the specified .NET form in the foreground and then returns.
- [EndNETBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/EndNETBlock.en.md): EndNETBlock[] and a preceding BeginNETBlock are equivalent to the NETBlock function, except that they work across a larger span than the evaluation of a single expression.
- [FixCRLF](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/FixCRLF.en.md): FixCRLF[str] changes the linefeeds in the given string to the CR/LF Windows convention.
- [FormStartPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/FormStartPosition.en.md): FormStartPosition is an option to DoNETModal, DoNETModeless, ShowNETWindow, and ShowNETConsole that controls the onscreen location of the form when it first appears.
- [GetActiveCOMObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/GetActiveCOMObject.en.md): GetActiveCOMObject[string] acquires an already-running COM object specified by string, which can be either a ProgID (such as Excel.Application) or a CLSID (such as {8E27C92B-1264-101C-8A2F-040224009C02}).
- [GetAssemblyObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/GetAssemblyObject.en.md): GetAssemblyObject[asm ] returns the .NET Assembly object corresponding to the specified NETAssembly expression asm.
- [GetComplexType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/GetComplexType.en.md): GetComplexType[] returns the .NET type that is currently mapped to Wolfram Language Complex numbers.
- [GetNETException](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/GetNETException.en.md): GetNETException[] returns the .NET exception object that was thrown in the most recent call from the Wolfram Language to .NET.
- [GetTypeObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/GetTypeObject.en.md): GetTypeObject[type _NETType] returns the .NET Type object corresponding to the specified NETType expression.
- [InstallNET](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/InstallNET.en.md): InstallNET[] launches the .NET runtime and prepares it to be used from the Wolfram Language. InstallNET[link] configures .NET/Link to use a manually created link to a .NET runtime.
- [InstanceOf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/InstanceOf.en.md): InstanceOf[netobject, nettype] gives True if netobject is an instance of the type nettype, or a subtype, and False otherwise.
- [KeepNETObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/KeepNETObject.en.md): KeepNETObject[object] causes the specified object(s) not to be released when the current NETBlock ends. KeepNETObject[object, Manual] causes the specified object to escape from all enclosing NETBlock expressions, meaning that the object will only be released if you manually call ReleaseNETObject.
- [LanguageSyntax](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LanguageSyntax.en.md): LanguageSyntax is an option to NETTypeInfo that specifies which language syntax will be used to display the type information.
- [LoadCOMTypeLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LoadCOMTypeLibrary.en.md): LoadCOMTypeLibrary[library] creates a so-called interop assembly from the named type library and loads that assembly.
- [LoadedNETAssemblies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LoadedNETAssemblies.en.md): LoadedNETAssemblies[] returns a list of all the .NET assemblies that have been loaded into the current session.
- [LoadedNETObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LoadedNETObjects.en.md): LoadedNETObjects[] returns a list of all the .NET objects that have been loaded into the current session.
- [LoadedNETTypes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LoadedNETTypes.en.md): LoadedNETTypes[] returns a list of all the .NET types that have been loaded into the current session.
- [LoadNETAssembly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LoadNETAssembly.en.md): LoadNETAssembly[assembly] loads the specified assembly into the .NET runtime and returns a NETAssembly expression that can be used to identify the assembly. LoadNETAssembly[directory] loads all the assemblies in the given directory and returns a list of NETAssembly expressions. LoadNETAssembly[context`] loads all the assemblies in the assembly subdirectory of the main application directory corresponding to the given context. LoadNETAssembly[name, directory] loads the named assembly from the ...
- [LoadNETType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/LoadNETType.en.md): LoadNETType[type] loads the specified type into the .NET runtime and returns a NETType expression that can be used to identify the type. LoadNETType[type, assembly] loads the type from the given assembly.
- [MakeNETObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/MakeNETObject.en.md): MakeNETObject[expr] constructs a .NET object that represents the given Wolfram Language expression. MakeNETObject[expr, type] creates an object of the specified type from expr.
- [MarshalStringsAs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/MarshalStringsAs.en.md): MarshalStringsAs is an option to DefineDLLFunction that specifies how string arguments should be marshaled into the DLL function. This applies to any arguments that are mapped to the System.String class, which includes types specified in your declaration as char*, string, or ByVal As String.
- [NETAssembly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETAssembly.en.md): NETAssembly[name, n] represents a .NET assembly with the specified name.
- [NETBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETBlock.en.md): NETBlock[expr] causes all new .NET objects returned to the Wolfram Language during the evaluation of expr to be released when expr finishes.
- [NETLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETLink.en.md): NETLink[] returns the WSTP LinkObject that is used to communicate with the .NET/Link .NET runtime.
- [NETNewDelegate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETNewDelegate.en.md): NETNewDelegate[type, func] creates a new instance of the specified .NET delegate type whose action is to call the named Wolfram Language function when triggered.
- [NETNew](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETNew.en.md): NETNew[type] constructs a new object of the specified .NET type. NETNew[type, args...] constructs a new object of the specified .NET type, passing the supplied argument sequence to the constructor. NETNew[{ type, assembly}, args...] constructs the object from the named type in the specified assembly. NETNew[{ type, assembly, dir}, args...] uses the named assembly from the specified directory, if possible. NETNew[{ type, assembly, context}, args...] uses the named assembly from the assembly ...
- [NETObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETObjectQ.en.md): NETObjectQ[expr] gives True if expr is a valid reference to a .NET object, and False otherwise.
- [NETObjectToExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETObjectToExpression.en.md): NETObjectToExpression[netObject] converts the specified .NET object reference into its value as a native Wolfram Language expression.
- [NETType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETType.en.md): NETType[name, n] represents a .NET type with the specified name.
- [NETTypeInfo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETTypeInfo.en.md): NETTypeInfo[type] prints information about the specified type, including its inheritance hierarchy, assembly name, and its public members (constructors, methods, properties, and so on). NETTypeInfo[obj] prints information about the object's type. NETTypeInfo[assembly] prints information about the types in the assembly specified by the given NETAssembly expression. NETTypeInfo[type, members] prints information about only the specified members, which can be any of the following strings (or a ...
- [NETUILink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/NETUILink.en.md): NETUILink[] returns the WSTP LinkObject used by calls to the Wolfram Language that originate from .NET user-interface actions, or Null if no such link is present.
- [ReferencedAssemblies](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ReferencedAssemblies.en.md): ReferencedAssemblies is an option to DefineDLLFunction that specifies assemblies needed to compile your function declaration.
- [ReinstallNET](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ReinstallNET.en.md): ReinstallNET[] is a convenience function that calls UninstallNET[] and then InstallNET[].
- [ReleaseCOMObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ReleaseCOMObject.en.md): ReleaseCOMObject[obj] releases COM resources held by the specified .NET object.
- [ReleaseNETObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ReleaseNETObject.en.md): ReleaseNETObject[obj] tells the .NET memory-management system to forget any references to the specified NETObject that are being maintained solely for the sake of the Wolfram Language.
- [RemoveEventHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/RemoveEventHandler.en.md): RemoveEventHandler[obj@event, delegate] removes the specified delegate from the named event.
- [ReturnAsNETObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ReturnAsNETObject.en.md): ReturnAsNETObject[expr] causes a .NET call during the evaluation of expr to return its result as an object reference (i.e. a NETObject expression), not a value.
- [SafeArrayAsArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/SafeArrayAsArray.en.md): SafeArrayAsArray is an option to LoadCOMTypeLibrary that specifies whether to import all SAFEARRAYs as System.Array rather than a typed, single-dimensional managed array.
- [SameObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/SameObjectQ.en.md): SameObjectQ[object1, object2] returns True if and only if the NETObject expressions object1 and object2 refer to the same .NET object.
- [SaveAssemblyAs](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/SaveAssemblyAs.en.md): SaveAssemblyAs is an option to LoadCOMTypeLibrary that allows you to specify a file name into which to write the interop assembly that gets generated.
- [SendDelegateArguments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/SendDelegateArguments.en.md): SendDelegateArguments is an option to AddEventHandler and NETNewDelegate that specifies which of the delegate arguments you want to be passed to your Wolfram Language callback function.
- [SetComplexType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/SetComplexType.en.md): SetComplexType[type] tells .NET/Link to map the specified type to Wolfram Language Complex numbers.
- [ShowNETConsole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ShowNETConsole.en.md): ShowNETConsole[] displays the .NET console window and begins capturing output sent to the Console.Out and Console.Error streams. ShowNETConsole[stdout] captures only Console.out. ShowNETConsole[stderr] captures only Console.Error.
- [ShowNETWindow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/ShowNETWindow.en.md): ShowNETWindow[form] displays the specified .NET form in the foreground.
- [StaticsVisible](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/StaticsVisible.en.md): StaticsVisible is an option to LoadNETType that specifies whether the class-specific context in which static method and field definitions are created should be placed on $ContextPath.
- [UninstallNET](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/UninstallNET.en.md): UninstallNET[] shuts down the .NET runtime that was started by InstallNET.
- [WrapInNETBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/WrapInNETBlock.en.md): WrapInNETBlock is an option to AddEventHandler and NETNewDelegate that specifies whether or not the Wolfram Language callback function assigned to the delegate should be implicitly wrapped in NETBlock.
- [$NETExceptionHandler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/ref/$NETExceptionHandler.en.md): $NETExceptionHandler allows you to control how exceptions thrown in .NET are handled in the Wolfram Language.

### Tutorials

- [Calling .NET from the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/tutorial/CallingNETFromTheWolframLanguage.en.md): .NET/Link provides Wolfram Language users with the ability to interact with arbitrary .NET types directly from the Wolfram Language. You can create objects and call methods and properties directly in the Wolfram Language. You do not need to write any .NET code or prepare in any way the .NET types you want to use. You also do not need to know anything about the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP). In effect, all of .NET becomes a transparent extension to the Wolfram Language, almost as if ...
- [Calling the Wolfram Language from .NET](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/tutorial/CallingTheWolframLanguageFromNET.en.md): Calling .NET from the Wolfram Language describes using .NET/Link to allow you to call from the Wolfram Language into .NET, thereby extending the Wolfram Language environment to include the functionality in all existing and future .NET classes. This tutorial shows you how to use .NET/Link in the opposite direction, as a means to write .NET programs that use the Wolfram Language kernel as a computational engine. .NET/Link uses the Wolfram Symbolic Transfer Protocol (WSTP), Wolfram Research's ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Welcome to .NET/Link, a product that integrates the Wolfram Language and Microsoft's .NET platform. .NET/Link lets you call .NET from the Wolfram Language in a completely transparent way, and allows you to use and control the Wolfram Language kernel from a .NET program. For Wolfram Language users, .NET/Link makes the entire .NET world an automatic extension to the Wolfram Language environment. For .NET programmers, .NET/Link turns the Wolfram Language into a scripting shell that lets you ...
- [.NET/Link User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Calling .NET from the Wolfram Language Calling the Wolfram Language from .NET

### HowTos

- [Create a User Interface Using .NET/Link](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NETLink/howto/CreateAUserInterfaceUsingNETLink.en.md): .NET/Link lets you write sophisticated user interfaces by calling .NET types directly from the Wolfram Language . Doing so allows you to evaluate code as you add it, either one or multiple lines at a time, much like when writing a program in the Wolfram Language . This results in an extremely powerful development environment that allows you to experiment with your user interface while it is running.

## NonlinearRegression


### Guide Pages

- [Nonlinear Regression Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NonlinearRegression/guide/NonlinearRegressionPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [NonlinearRegress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NonlinearRegression/ref/NonlinearRegress.en.md): As of Version 7.0, NonlinearRegress has been superseded by NonlinearModelFit and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.

### Tutorials

- [Nonlinear Regression Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NonlinearRegression/tutorial/NonlinearRegression.en.md): The built-in function FindFit allows you to perform nonlinear least squares fitting. The function NonlinearRegress gives a number of regression diagnostics and allows you to specify exactly what will be included in the output. NonlinearRegress is similar to the Linear Regression Package function Regress, which gives diagnostics for linear least squares fitting. The NonlinearRegress function. The expr argument to NonlinearRegress must be completely specified by the symbols in the vars argument ...

## Notation


### Guide Pages

- [Notation Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/guide/NotationPackage.en.md): The Notation Package allows you to extend the Wolfram Language so it understands and functions correctly with new typeset notations. Typically, new notations are defined by constructing explicit MakeExpression and MakeBoxes rules. The Notation Package provides functionality for introducing new notations easily, intuitively, and graphically.

### Reference Pages

- [Action](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/Action.en.md): Action is an option of Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation that defines what action will be performed with the given notation statement.
- [ActiveInputAliases](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/ActiveInputAliases.en.md): ActiveInputAliases[] returns a list of all active aliases in the current notebook. ActiveInputAliases[notebook] returns a list of all active aliases in the notebook notebook.
- [AddInputAlias](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/AddInputAlias.en.md): AddInputAlias[alias -> boxes] adds the alias Esc\\[ThinSpace]alias\\[ThinSpace]Esc for boxes to the aliases in the current notebook. AddInputAlias[alias -> boxes, notebook] adds the alias to the notebook notebook.
- [AutoLoadNotationPalette](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/AutoLoadNotationPalette.en.md): AutoLoadNotationPalette specifies whether the Notation palette is opened when the Notation Package is loaded.
- [ClearNotations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/ClearNotations.en.md): ClearNotations[] will remove all notations, symbolizations, and infix notations.
- [CreateNotationRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/CreateNotationRules.en.md): CreateNotationRules is a possible value for the Action option to Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation.
- [InfixNotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/InfixNotation.en.md): InfixNotation[op, func] forces the box structure op to be treated as an infix operator representing the function func in input and output.
- [NotationBoxTag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/NotationBoxTag.en.md): As of Version 6.0, NotationBoxTag has been superseded by NotationTemplateTag and by ParsedBoxWrapper.
- [Notation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/Notation.en.md): Notation[boxes \\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow] expr] parses any input box structure boxes internally as expr, and formats any expression matching expr as boxes in output. Notation[boxes\\[DoubleLongRightArrow]expr] restricts Notation to only parsing. Notation[boxes\\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]expr] restricts Notation to only formatting.
- [NotationMadeBoxesTag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/NotationMadeBoxesTag.en.md): As of Version 6.0, NotationMadeBoxesTag has been superseded by NotationMadeBoxesTag and by ParsedBoxWrapper.
- [NotationMakeBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/NotationMakeBoxes.en.md): NotationMakeBoxes is a private version of MakeBoxes.
- [NotationMakeExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/NotationMakeExpression.en.md): NotationMakeExpression is a private version of MakeExpression.
- [NotationPatternTag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/NotationPatternTag.en.md): As of Version 6.0, NotationPatternTag has been superseded by NotationPatternTag.
- [ParsedBoxWrapper](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/ParsedBoxWrapper.en.md): ParsedBoxWrapper is a wrapper that wraps parsed boxes which come from the TagBox expressions that are embedded in Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation statements.
- [PrintNotationRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/PrintNotationRules.en.md): PrintNotationRules is a possible value for the Action option to Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation.
- [RemoveInfixNotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/RemoveInfixNotation.en.md): RemoveInfixNotation[op, func] removes the infix operator op.
- [RemoveNotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/RemoveNotation.en.md): RemoveNotation[boxes \\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow] expr] removes the notation boxes \\[DoubleLongLeftRightArrow] expr. RemoveNotation[boxes\\[DoubleLongRightArrow]expr] removes only the parsing. RemoveNotation[boxes\\[DoubleLongLeftArrow]expr] removes only the formatting.
- [RemoveNotationRules](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/RemoveNotationRules.en.md): RemoveNotationRules is a possible value for the Action option to Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation.
- [RemoveSymbolize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/RemoveSymbolize.en.md): RemoveSymbolize[boxes] removes the symbolization of boxes.
- [Symbolize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/Symbolize.en.md): Symbolize[boxes] forces any box structure matching boxes to be treated internally as a single symbol anywhere it appears in an input expression.
- [SymbolizeRootName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/SymbolizeRootName.en.md): SymbolizeRootName is an option for Symbolize specifying the name to be used internally for the symbolized boxes.
- [UpdateNotebookStyles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/UpdateNotebookStyles.en.md): UpdateNotebookStyles[] is a function that will add the styles and input aliases the Notation Package defines to your current notebook. UpdateNotebookStyles[notebook] will update the stylesheet of the notebook notebook.
- [WorkingForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/ref/WorkingForm.en.md): WorkingForm is an option of Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation that defines in which form the notation will be defined.

### Tutorials

- [Advice and Suggested Guidelines](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/tutorial/AdviceAndSuggestedGuidelines.en.md): The following are some issues and considerations to be aware of when using the Notation Package and/or designing notations. It is intrinsically difficult to debug something you cannot see; therefore, it is best to build up notations, seeing if something works or where a mistake has been made. It is harder to find errors if you enter a whole complex notation before testing it. Many notational problems will usually be revealed by examining the full form of an expression or its internal structure ...
- [Complex Patterns and Advanced Features](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/tutorial/ComplexPatternsAndAdvancedFeatures.en.md): Due to the complex inner workings of the Notation Package, it is helpful to outline some of the more advanced features and structures of the Wolfram Language front end and how they relate to the Notation Package. The following sections give a small overview of the functionality of tag boxes, the specific tags used by the Notation Package, and the tag box option SyntaxForm. The reader should be familiar with the concepts in Textual Input and Output and moreover understand the following ...
- [Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/tutorial/NotationSymbolizeAndInfixNotation.en.md): Syntax of notation declarations. Notation takes both an external representation and an internal representation as arguments. The Wolfram Language translates any input matching the external representation into the corresponding internal representation and, reciprocally, formats any expression matching the internal representation into the corresponding external representation. In this context, representation means a composite structure made up of boxes representing some notation. This loads the ...
- [Options and Auxiliary Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/tutorial/OptionsAndAuxiliaryFunctions.en.md): Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation have several options that modify their behavior. These notation functions all take the options WorkingForm and Action. In addition, the Notation package has a local option, AutoLoadNotationPalette, which affects the loading of the palette. Finally, the Notation package has a function that clears all notations, symbolizations, and infix notations defined so far. The Action option and its possible values. The Notation, Symbolize, and InfixNotation option ...
- [Precedence of Operators in Notations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Notation/tutorial/PrecedenceOfOperatorsInNotations.en.md): The precedence of any new notation or operator is determined by examining the components from which it is constructed. For instance, +_\\[ScriptCapitalR] is grouped according to the precedence of +, the operator \\[CirclePlus]_n is grouped according to the precedence of \\[CirclePlus]_, and the mapping OverscriptBox[\\[LongRightArrow], RowBox[{ , StyleBox[myApply, MR], }]] is grouped according to the precedence of \\[LongRightArrow]. Generally the grouping behavior of positioning boxes is ...

## NumericalCalculus


### Guide Pages

- [Numerical Calculus Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/guide/NumericalCalculusPackage.en.md): The built-in functions D, Limit, Residue, and Series perform computations using symbolic and analytic methods. The functions ND, NLimit, NResidue, and NSeries, in this package, are the numerical versions of these functions.

### Reference Pages

- [EulerRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/EulerRatio.en.md): EulerRatio is an option to EulerSum that specifies the parameter to use in the generalized Euler transformation.
- [EulerSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/EulerSum.en.md): EulerSum[f, {i, imin, imax}] gives a numerical approximation to the sum \\[Sum]i = imin imax f using Euler's transformation. EulerSum[f, {i, imin, imax, di}] uses a step di in the sum.
- [ExtraTerms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/ExtraTerms.en.md): ExtraTerms is an option to EulerSum that specifies the number of terms to be used in the extrapolation process.
- [ND](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/ND.en.md): ND[expr, x, x0] gives a numerical approximation to the derivative of expr with respect to x at the point x0. ND[expr, {x, n}, x0] gives a numerical approximation to the n^th derivative of expr.
- [NLimit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/NLimit.en.md): NLimit[expr, z -> z0] numerically finds the limiting value of expr as z approaches z0.
- [NResidue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/NResidue.en.md): NResidue[expr, {z, z0}] numerically finds the residue of expr near the point z = z0.
- [NSeries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/NSeries.en.md): NSeries[f, {x, x0, n}] gives a numerical approximation to the series expansion of f about the point x = x0 including the terms (x - x0) -n through (x - x0) n.
- [Radius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/Radius.en.md): Radius is an option to NSeries that specifies the radius of the circle around which the function is to be sampled.
- [Scale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/Scale.en.md): Scale is an option to NLimit and ND that specifies the scale at which variations are expected.
- [Terms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/ref/Terms.en.md): Terms is an option to EulerSum, NLimit, and ND that specifies the total number of terms to be used.

### Tutorials

- [Numerical Calculus Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalCalculus/tutorial/NumericalCalculus.en.md): The functions defined in the NumericalCalculus` context provide support for finding numerical solutions to calculus-related problems. This loads the package. The built-in function Limit computes limits using symbolic and analytic methods. The function NLimit contained in the NumericalCalculus package works by numerically evaluating a short sequence of function values as the argument approaches the specified point. The result of this calculation is passed to a routine that uses either Wynn's ...

## NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis


### Guide Pages

- [Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/guide/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysisPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [ButcherAlpha](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherAlpha.en.md): ButcherAlpha[tree] gives the number of ways of labeling the vertices of tree with a totally ordered set of labels such that if (m, n) is an edge, then m < n.
- [ButcherBetaBar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherBetaBar.en.md): ButcherBetaBar[tree] gives the number of ways of labeling tree with ButcherOrder[tree] distinct labels such that every vertex is labeled. ButcherBetaBar[n, tree] gives the number of ways of labeling n of the vertices of tree with n distinct labels such that every leaf is labeled.
- [ButcherBeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherBeta.en.md): ButcherBeta[tree] gives the number of ways of labeling tree with ButcherOrder[tree] - 1 distinct labels such that the root is not labeled, but every other vertex is labeled. ButcherBeta[n, tree] gives the number of ways of labeling n of the vertices of tree with n distinct labels such that every leaf is labeled and the root is not labeled.
- [ButcherColumnConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherColumnConditions.en.md): ButcherColumnConditions[p, s] gives the column-simplifying conditions up to and including order p for s stages. ButcherColumnConditions[p] gives the column-simplifying conditions in stage-independent tensor notation.
- [ButcherGamma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherGamma.en.md): ButcherGamma[tree] gives the density of tree.
- [ButcherHeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherHeight.en.md): ButcherHeight[tree] gives the height of tree.
- [ButcherOrder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherOrder.en.md): ButcherOrder[tree] gives the number of vertices in tree.
- [ButcherPhi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPhi.en.md): ButcherPhi[tree, s] gives the weight of tree in an s-stage Runge-Kutta method. ButcherPhi[tree] gives the weight of tree in stage-independent tensor notation.
- [ButcherPlotColumns](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPlotColumns.en.md): ButcherPlotColumns is an option to ButcherPlot that specifies the number of columns in the array of Butcher tree plots.
- [ButcherPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPlot.en.md): ButcherPlot[tree] gives a plot of tree. ButcherPlot[{tree1, tree2, ...}] gives an array of plots of tree1, tree2, ....
- [ButcherPlotLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPlotLabel.en.md): ButcherPlotLabel is an option to ButcherPlot that specifies a list of plot labels.
- [ButcherPlotNodeSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPlotNodeSize.en.md): ButcherPlotNodeSize is an option to ButcherPlot that specifies a scaling factor for the nodes of the trees in the plot.
- [ButcherPlotRootSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPlotRootSize.en.md): ButcherPlotRootSize is an option to ButcherPlot that specifies a scaling factor for the circle highlighting the root.
- [ButcherPrincipalError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherPrincipalError.en.md): ButcherPrincipalError[p, s] gives the principal error for a method of order p with s stages. ButcherPrincipalError[p] gives the principal error using stage-independent tensor notation.
- [ButcherQuadratureConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherQuadratureConditions.en.md): ButcherQuadratureConditions[p, s] gives the quadrature conditions up to and including order p for s stages. ButcherQuadratureConditions[p] gives the quadrature conditions in stage-independent tensor notation.
- [ButcherRowConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherRowConditions.en.md): ButcherRowConditions[p, s] gives the row-simplifying conditions up to and including order p for s stages. ButcherRowConditions[p] gives the row-simplifying conditions in stage-independent tensor notation.
- [ButcherRowSum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherRowSum.en.md): ButcherRowSum is an option to RungeKuttaOrderConditions that specifies whether the row sum conditions for the \\[FormalC]i should be added to the list of order conditions.
- [ButcherSigma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherSigma.en.md): ButcherSigma[tree] gives the order of the symmetry group of isomorphisms of tree with itself.
- [ButcherSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherSimplify.en.md): ButcherSimplify is an option to RungeKuttaOrderConditions that specifies whether to apply Butcher's row- and column-simplifying conditions.
- [ButcherTreeCount](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherTreeCount.en.md): ButcherTreeCount[p] gives a list of the number of trees through order p.
- [ButcherTreeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherTreeQ.en.md): ButcherTreeQ[tree] gives True if tree is a valid Butcher tree, and False otherwise.
- [ButcherTrees](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherTrees.en.md): ButcherTrees[p] gives a list, partitioned by order, of the trees for any Runge-Kutta method of order p.
- [ButcherTreeSimplify](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherTreeSimplify.en.md): ButcherTreeSimplify[p, \\[Eta], \\[Xi]] gives the set of trees through order p that are not reduced by Butcher's quadrature conditions through order p, row-simplifying conditions through order \\[Eta] and column-simplifying conditions through order \\[Xi].
- [ButcherWidth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ButcherWidth.en.md): ButcherWidth[tree] gives the width of tree.
- [ContinuousExtension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/ContinuousExtension.en.md): ContinuousExtension is an option to RungeKuttaOrderConditions and related functions that specifies whether to generate order conditions for continuous extensions of Runge-Kutta methods.
- [DiagonallyImplicit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/DiagonallyImplicit.en.md): DiagonallyImplicit is a setting for the option RungeKuttaMethod specifying the type of Runge-Kutta method to be generated.
- [Explicit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/Explicit.en.md): Explicit is a setting for the option RungeKuttaMethod specifying the type of Runge-Kutta method to be generated.
- [GaussianQuadratureError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/GaussianQuadratureError.en.md): GaussianQuadratureError[n, f, a, b] gives the leading term in the error of the elementary n-point Gaussian quadrature formula for the function f on an interval from a to b. GaussianQuadratureError[n, f, a, b, prec] attempts to give a result with prec digits of precision.
- [GaussianQuadratureWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/GaussianQuadratureWeights.en.md): GaussianQuadratureWeights[n, a, b] gives a list of the n pairs {xi, wi} of the elementary n-point Gaussian formula for quadrature on the interval a to b, where wi is the weight of the abscissa xi. GaussianQuadratureWeights[n, a, b, prec] attempts to give a result with prec digits of precision.
- [Implicit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/Implicit.en.md): Implicit is a setting for the option RungeKuttaMethod specifying the type of Runge-Kutta method to be generated.
- [NewtonCotesError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/NewtonCotesError.en.md): NewtonCotesError[n, f, a, b] gives the error in the elementary n-point Newton-Cotes quadrature formula for the function f on an interval from a to b.
- [NewtonCotesWeights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/NewtonCotesWeights.en.md): NewtonCotesWeights[n, a, b] gives a list of the n pairs {xi, wi} of the elementary n-point Newton-Cotes formula for quadrature on the interval a to b, where wi is the weight of the abscissa xi.
- [QuadratureType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/QuadratureType.en.md): QuadratureType is an option to NewtonCotesWeights and NewtonCotesError that specifies whether the endpoints are to be included as abscissas.
- [RungeKuttaMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/RungeKuttaMethod.en.md): RungeKuttaMethod is an option to ButcherPhi and related functions that specifies the type of method to be generated.
- [RungeKuttaOrderConditions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/RungeKuttaOrderConditions.en.md): RungeKuttaOrderConditions[p, s] gives a list of the order conditions that any s-stage Runge-Kutta method of order p must satisfy. RungeKuttaOrderConditions[p] gives the order conditions using stage-independent tensor notation.
- [$ContinuousExtension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/$ContinuousExtension.en.md): $ContinuousExtension is a global environment setting, specifying whether to generate conditions for continuous extensions of Runge-Kutta methods.
- [$RungeKuttaMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/ref/$RungeKuttaMethod.en.md): $RungeKuttaMethod is a global environment setting, specifying the type of method to be generated by ButcherPhi and related functions.

### Tutorials

- [Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/tutorial/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis.en.md): The NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis package combines functionality for analyzing differential equations using Butcher trees, Gaussian quadrature, and Newton-Cotes quadrature. This loads the package. Runge-Kutta methods are useful for numerically solving certain types of ordinary differential equations. Deriving high-order Runge-Kutta methods is no easy task, however. There are several reasons for this. The first difficulty is in finding the so-called order conditions. These are nonlinear ...
- [Numerical Differential Equation Analysis Package References](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysis/tutorial/NumericalDifferentialEquationAnalysisReferences.en.md): [1] Butcher, J. C. The Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations: Runge-Kutta and General Linear Methods. John Wiley and Sons, 1987. [2] Iserles, A. A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations. Cambridge University Press, 1996. [3] Lambert, J. D. Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Systems: The Initial Value Problem. John Wiley and Sons, 1991.

## OpenCascadeLink


### Reference Pages

- [OpenCascadeShapeSurfaceMeshToBoundaryMesh](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/ref/OpenCascadeShapeSurfaceMeshToBoundaryMesh.en.md): OpenCascadeShapeSurfaceMeshToBoundaryMesh[i] converts an OpenCascadeShapeExpression i to a boundary ElementMesh.

### Tutorials

- [Book Shelf Bracket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/BookShelfBracket.en.md): The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate the usage of the OpenCascadeLink to greate a book shelf bracket. The creation of the gear will be done in several stages. First, a basic bracket is constructed from which the holes for the bolts are cut out. Then fillets and chamfers are added. Load the packages.
- [Disc Brake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/DiscBrake.en.md): This tutorial aims to illustrate the use of OpenCascadeLink to create a disc plate, which is the main component of a disc brake. The dimensions and the creation procedure are based on a computer-aided design (CAD) tutorial [1,2]. The creation of the disc plate will be done in several stages. First, the main body is created, which includes the disc plate and its hat section. Then, as a second step, holes are added in the hat section, and a single slot is added in the middle of the disc. ...
- [Helical Bevel Gear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/HelicalBevelGear.en.md): The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate the usage of the OpenCascadeLink to greate a helical bevel gear. The shape and the procedure of the creation are based on a computer aided design (CAD) tutorial [1]. The creation of the gear will be done in several stages. First, the shaft is created. As a second step the gear will be made. Both the shaft and the gear will be combined. Following that the bosses are added and lastly the gear will be perforated. Load the packages.
- [OpenCascadeLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/OpenCascadeLinkOverview.en.md): OpenCascade is a computer aided design (CAD) engine to create digital replica of 3D objects. The process is three fold. First OpenCascade primitives are created from a variety of Wolfram Language expressions, like Graphics3D primitives or surface representations like BSplineSurface. Then, in a second step, these primitives can be combined and altered such that the combined shapes represents the desired real world object. Last, the final shape is converted back to the Wolfram Language for ...
- [Permanent Magnet with Coin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/PermanentMagnetWithCoin.en.md): In this example a permanent magnet with a coin in front is to be created. Since this is geometry is symmetric in the x y and the x z plane, only 1/4 of the geometry is created. The magnet itself is composed of two regions, one which has a magnetization and the second part that is made of iron. Load the OpenCascade and finite element packages: First, a face of the magnet is created in the x z plane and then swept along a curve to obtain a solid component of the entire magnet region.
- [Surgical fixation plate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/SurgicalFixationPlate.en.md): The purpose of this notebook is to illustrate the usage of the OpenCascadeLink to create a surgical fixation plate based on a parametric design. A surgical fixation plate is a medical device used to stabilize and support broken bones during the healing process. Titanium fixation plates, particularly those designed for the forearm, are favored for their strength, biocompatibility, and resistance to corrosion. These plates are surgically attached to the fractured bones using screws, ensuring ...
- [Using OpenCascadeLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCascadeLink/tutorial/UsingOpenCascadeLink.en.md): This section shows some of the ways that OpenCascadeLink can be applied. To use OpenCascadeLink, it must first be loaded. Since many of the OpenCascade examples interact with the finite element mesh functionality the finite element package is also loaded. The first step is to create OpenCascade objects. There are several ways of doing this. For 3D objects the options are to:

## OpenCLLink


### Guide Pages

- [OpenCLLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/guide/OpenCLLink.en.md): OpenCLLink allows the Wolfram Language to use the OpenCL parallel computing language. It contains functions that facilitate loading user-defined OpenCL functions into the Wolfram Language. OpenCLLink also integrates OpenCL with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control.

### Reference Pages

- [OpenCLFractalRender3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLFractalRender3D.en.md): OpenCLFractalRender3D[width, height] renders a three-dimensional fractal with image size being the specified width and height.
- [OpenCLFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLFunction.en.md): OpenCLFunction[args] represents a function loaded using OpenCLFunctionLoad.
- [OpenCLFunctionInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLFunctionInformation.en.md): OpenCLFunctionInformation[oclfun] returns information on OpenCLFunction oclfun such as build log, build options, source code, etc.
- [OpenCLFunctionLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLFunctionLoad.en.md): OpenCLFunctionLoad[src, fun, argtypes, blockdims] compiles the string src and makes fun available in the Wolfram Language as an OpenCLFunction. OpenCLFunctionLoad[File[srcfile], fun, argtypes, blockdim] compiles the source code file srcfile and then loads fun as an OpenCLFunction. OpenCLFunctionLoad[File[libfile], fun, argtypes, blockdim] loads fun as an OpenCLFunction. from the previously compiled library libfile.
- [OpenCLImplicitRender3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLImplicitRender3D.en.md): OpenCLImplicitRender3D[poly, vars, r] ray traces the implicit surface poly = 0 as a function of vars with bound sphere of radius r.
- [OpenCLInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLInformation.en.md): OpenCLInformation[] gives all information about OpenCL platforms and devices on the system. OpenCLInformation[platform] gives information on OpenCL platform and about its devices. OpenCLInformation[platform, prop] gives information on OpenCL platform property. OpenCLInformation[platform, device] gives information on OpenCL device with specified platform. OpenCLInformation[platform, device, prop] gives information on OpenCL device property.
- [OpenCLMemoryAllocate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryAllocate.en.md): OpenCLMemoryAllocate[t, len] allocates a new one-dimensional list of type t returning OpenCLMemory. OpenCLMemoryAllocate[t, {d1, d2, ...}] allocates a new list of dimensions {d1, d2, ...} type t returning OpenCLMemory.
- [OpenCLMemoryCopyToDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryCopyToDevice.en.md): OpenCLMemoryCopyToDevice[mem] force copies OpenCLMemory from the CPU to the GPU.
- [OpenCLMemoryCopyToHost](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryCopyToHost.en.md): OpenCLMemoryCopyToHost[mem] force copies OpenCLMemory from the GPU to the CPU.
- [OpenCLMemory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemory.en.md): OpenCLMemory[args, ...] is a handle to memory registered with the OpenCLLink memory manager.
- [OpenCLMemoryGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryGet.en.md): OpenCLMemoryGet[mem] gets OpenCLMemory into the CPU and the Wolfram System.
- [OpenCLMemoryInformation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryInformation.en.md): OpenCLMemoryInformation[mem] gives information on OpenCLMemory.
- [OpenCLMemoryLoad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryLoad.en.md): OpenCLMemoryLoad[list] loads list into OpenCLMemory manager, returning an OpenCLMemory. OpenCLMemoryLoad[list, type] loads list with specified type into OpenCLMemory manager, returning an OpenCLMemory.
- [OpenCLMemoryUnload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMemoryUnload.en.md): OpenCLMemoryUnload[mem1, mem2, ...] unloads OpenCLMemory from the OpenCLLink memory manager.
- [OpenCLMersenneTwister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLMersenneTwister.en.md): OpenCLMersenneTwister[n] generates n random reals using the Mersenne Twister algorithm.
- [OpenCLQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/OpenCLQ.en.md): OpenCLQ[] returns True if the system has OpenCL support.
- [SymbolicOpenCLBlockDimension](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLBlockDimension.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLBlockDimension[dim] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL kernel block dimension call.
- [SymbolicOpenCLBlockIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLBlockIndex.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLBlockIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL kernel block index call.
- [SymbolicOpenCLCalculateKernelIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLCalculateKernelIndex.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLCalculateKernelIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL kernel index calculation.
- [SymbolicOpenCLDeclareIndexBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLDeclareIndexBlock.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLDeclareIndexBlock[dim] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL kernel index declaration.
- [SymbolicOpenCLFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLFunction.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLFunction[name, args] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL function declaration. SymbolicOpenCLFunction[name, args, body] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL function definition.
- [SymbolicOpenCLKernelIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLKernelIndex.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLKernelIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL kernel index call.
- [SymbolicOpenCLThreadIndex](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/SymbolicOpenCLThreadIndex.en.md): SymbolicOpenCLThreadIndex[dim] is a symbolic representation of an OpenCL kernel thread index call.
- [$OpenCLDevice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/$OpenCLDevice.en.md): $OpenCLDevice is a device used throughout OpenCLLink's computation.
- [$OpenCLLinkLibraryPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/$OpenCLLinkLibraryPath.en.md): $OpenCLLinkLibraryPath gives the path to the OpenCLLink library files.
- [$OpenCLLinkPath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/$OpenCLLinkPath.en.md): $OpenCLLinkPath gives the path to the OpenCLLink application.
- [$OpenCLPlatform](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/ref/$OpenCLPlatform.en.md): $OpenCLPlatform is a platform used throughout OpenCLLink's computation.

### Tutorials

- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): OpenCLLink allows you to use the Wolfram Language to query OpenCL system information and execute OpenCL programs using the Wolfram Language. In this section, an overview is provided of OpenCLLink's capabilities. The OpenCLLink package lets you harness the capabilities of OpenCL through the Wolfram Language. It requires the user to have installed both OpenCL-capable device drivers and hardware. Currently, OpenCL is supported on many types of NVIDIA's, AMD/ATI's, and VIA's hardware. It is also ...
- [OpenCLLink Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): OpenCLLink allows the Wolfram Language to use the OpenCL parallel computing language. It contains functions that facilitate loading user-defined OpenCL functions into the Wolfram Language. OpenCLLink also integrates OpenCL with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control. Introduction Setup and Operation
- [OpenCLLink Programming](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/tutorial/Programming.en.md): Programming OpenCL in the Wolfram Language is simple since the user need not write C wrapper code--which can be quite verbose, difficult to understand, and hard to debug. Using OpenCLLink also guarantees compatibility as new versions of the standard are released. In this section a brief introduction is given to OpenCL programming. The section uses OpenCLFunctionLoad, which allows users to load OpenCL code and use it from within the Wolfram Language. OpenCL programming in the Wolfram Language.
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/tutorial/Reference.en.md): OpenCLLink allows the Wolfram Language to use the OpenCL parallel computing language. It contains functions that facilitate loading user-defined OpenCL functions into the Wolfram Language. OpenCLLink also integrates OpenCL with existing Wolfram Language development tools, allowing a high degree of automation and control. Functions for querying the setup of OpenCLLink. Working with OpenCL functions.
- [OpenCLLink Setup](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OpenCLLink/tutorial/Setup.en.md): This section is concerned with the way that OpenCLLink is set up and configured for your machine. It will also help to track down and correct problems. OpenCLLink is designed to work automatically after the Wolfram System is installed with no special configuration. You can test this by using the OpenCLQ function. This loads the OpenCLLink application.

## OptimizationMethodFramework


### Reference Pages

- [RegisterOptimizationMethod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OptimizationMethodFramework/ref/RegisterOptimizationMethod.en.md): RegisterOptimizationMethod[method, assoc] registers a convex solver with name method and Association assoc containing details of the solver capabilities.

### Tutorials

- [Optimization Solver Method Framework](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/OptimizationMethodFramework/tutorial/OptimizationMethodFramework.en.md): The Optimization`MethodFramework` context provides a framework that enables connecting a solver for a class of optimization problems to the Wolfram Language optimization functions. This notebook describes how to register a solver to be connected and set up definitions that interface with the the Wolfram Language system. The examples shown below assume that Optimization`MethodFramework` is on the context path. Load the OptimizationMethodFramework package

## PacletTools


### Guide Pages

- [PacletTools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/guide/PacletTools.en.md): PacletTools provides functionality for developing Wolfram Language Paclets. Use it to create new paclets, build documentation, run tests, and create distributable .paclet files.

### Reference Pages

- [CreatePaclet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/ref/CreatePaclet.en.md): CreatePaclet[name] creates a paclet directory called name in the current directory. CreatePaclet[object] creates a paclet directory structure corresponding to the specified PacletObject expression in the current directory. CreatePaclet[name, dir] creates a paclet directory called name in the directory dir. CreatePaclet[object, dir] creates a paclet directory structure corresponding to the specified PacletObject expression in the directory dir.
- [PacletBuild](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/ref/PacletBuild.en.md): PacletBuild[source] builds the paclet located at source. PacletBuild[source, builddir] builds the paclet located at source into builddir.
- [PacletDocumentationBuild](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/ref/PacletDocumentationBuild.en.md): PacletDocumentationBuild[paclet] builds documentation for paclet. PacletDocumentationBuild[paclet, builddir] builds documentation for paclet into builddir. PacletDocumentationBuild[paclet, CloudObject[...]] builds documentation for paclet and deploy it to the specified cloud directory. PacletDocumentationBuild[paclet, builddir, HTML] builds HTML documentation for paclet into builddir. PacletDocumentationBuild[paclet, CloudObject[...], HTML] builds HTML documentation for paclet and deploy it to ...
- [PacletExtensionDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/ref/PacletExtensionDirectory.en.md): PacletExtensionDirectory[paclet] returns an Association relating each extension of paclet to a directory. PacletExtensionDirectory[paclet, type] returns an Association relating each extension of paclet that matches type to a directory.
- [PacletExtensionFiles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/ref/PacletExtensionFiles.en.md): PacletExtensionFiles[paclet] returns an Association relating each extension of paclet to a set of files. PacletExtensionFiles[paclet, type] returns an Association relating each extension of paclet that matches type to a set of files.
- [PacletExtensions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/ref/PacletExtensions.en.md): PacletExtensions[paclet] returns all extensions declared by paclet . PacletExtensions[paclet, type] returns all extensions declared by paclet that match type.

### Tutorials

- [Creating Paclets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PacletTools/tutorial/CreatingPaclets.en.md): The PacletTools package provides functions for creating and developing paclets. Use the CreatePaclet function to create the initial content for your paclet. Begin by evaluating the following statements to load PacletTools and create your new paclet: To view the files in your new paclet in your operating system's file browser application, evaluate the following:

## Parallel


### Tutorials

- [Concurrency: Managing Parallel Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/ConcurrencyManagingParallelProcesses.en.md): A process is simply a Wolfram Language expression being evaluated. A processor is a parallel kernel that performs such evaluations. The command ParallelEvaluate will send an evaluation to an explicitly given processor, requiring you to keep track of available processors and processes yourself. The scheduling functions discussed in this tutorial perform these functions for you. You can create any number of processes, many more than the number of available processors. If more processes are ...
- [Configuring and Monitoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/ConfiguringAndMonitoring.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a number of tools for configuring and monitoring parallel computations. Some of these are accessed using menus from the Wolfram Language notebook front end. This section introduces these tools and describes what they do. The default settings of the Wolfram Language automatically configure a number of parallel kernels to use for parallel computation. Typically, on a multicore machine you will get a number of worker kernels to match the number of cores (up to a ...
- [Failure Recovery, Tracing, and Debugging](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/FailureRecoveryTracingAndDebugging.en.md): A remote kernel in use may fail at any time due to hardware, network, or software problems. A failure of a remote kernel will be noticed the next time Parallel Computing Toolkit tries to send a command to the kernel or tries to read a result from it. The error message Parallel::rdead is used to notify you of a failed remote kernel. If the failed kernel had any processes assigned to it, these processes will be lost. If you are using Wait for one of these processes, your program will never ...
- [Getting Started](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/GettingStarted.en.md): The Wolfram Language comes with all the tools and configurations that allow you to immediately carry out parallel computing. Note that to take advantage of parallel computing, it is often better to have a multicore machine or access to a grid of parallel Wolfram Language kernels. Luckily, multicore machines have been common in many types of configurations for some time. A first step that may just demonstrate that the system is running is a ParallelEvaluate. If this is the first parallel ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Parallel computing in the Wolfram Language is based on launching and controlling multiple Wolfram Language kernel (worker) processes from within a single master Wolfram Language, providing a distributed-memory environment for parallel programming. Every copy of the Wolfram System comes with all the components and tools to run and create parallel applications. The parallel computing features are written almost entirely in the Wolfram Language and are therefore machine independent. They have ...
- [Parallel Computing Tools User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Getting Started Configuring and Monitoring
- [Remote Definitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/RemoteDefinitions.en.md): Parallel kernels do not have access to the values of variables defined in the master kernel, nor do they have access to locally defined functions. The Wolfram Language contains a command DistributeDefinitions that makes it easy to transport local variables and definitions to all parallel kernels. The main advantage of this method is that the application package does not need to be installed on the remote kernels. All definitions are sent through the existing connection to the remote kernels. ...
- [Virtual Shared Memory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Parallel/tutorial/VirtualSharedMemory.en.md): Special-purpose multiprocessing hardware comes in two types, shared memory and distributed memory. In a shared-memory machine, all processors have access to a common main memory. In a distributed-memory machine, each processor has its own main memory, and the processors are connected through a sophisticated network. A collection of networked PCs is also a kind of distributed-memory parallel machine. Communication between processors is an important prerequisite for all but the most trivial ...

## ParallelTools


### Tutorials

- [Concurrency: Managing Parallel Processes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/ConcurrencyManagingParallelProcesses.en.md): A process is simply a Wolfram Language expression being evaluated. A processor is a parallel kernel that performs such evaluations. The command ParallelEvaluate will send an evaluation to an explicitly given processor, requiring you to keep track of available processors and processes yourself. The scheduling functions discussed in this tutorial perform these functions for you. You can create any number of processes, many more than the number of available processors. If more processes are ...
- [Configuring and Monitoring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/ConfiguringAndMonitoring.en.md): The Wolfram Language provides a number of tools for configuring and monitoring parallel computations. Some of these are accessed using menus from the Wolfram Language notebook front end. This section introduces these tools and describes what they do. The default settings of the Wolfram Language automatically configure a number of parallel kernels to use for parallel computation. Typically, on a multicore machine you will get a number of worker kernels to match the number of cores (up to a ...
- [Failure Recovery, Tracing, and Debugging](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/FailureRecoveryTracingAndDebugging.en.md): A remote kernel in use may fail at any time due to hardware, network, or software problems. A failure of a remote kernel will be noticed the next time Parallel Computing Toolkit tries to send a command to the kernel or tries to read a result from it. The error message Parallel::rdead is used to notify you of a failed remote kernel. If the failed kernel had any processes assigned to it, these processes will be lost. If you are using Wait for one of these processes, your program will never ...
- [Getting Started](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/GettingStarted.en.md): The Wolfram Language comes with all the tools and configurations that allow you to immediately carry out parallel computing. Note that to take advantage of parallel computing, it is often better to have a multicore machine or access to a grid of parallel Wolfram Language kernels. Luckily, multicore machines have been common in many types of configurations for some time. A first step that may just demonstrate that the system is running is a ParallelEvaluate. If this is the first parallel ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): Parallel computing in the Wolfram Language is based on launching and controlling multiple Wolfram Language kernel (worker) processes from within a single master Wolfram Language, providing a distributed-memory environment for parallel programming. Every copy of the Wolfram System comes with all the components and tools to run and create parallel applications. The parallel computing features are written almost entirely in the Wolfram Language and are therefore machine independent. They have ...
- [Parallel Computing Tools User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Getting Started Configuring and Monitoring
- [Remote Definitions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/RemoteDefinitions.en.md): Parallel kernels do not have access to the values of variables defined in the master kernel, nor do they have access to locally defined functions. The Wolfram Language contains a command DistributeDefinitions that makes it easy to transport local variables and definitions to all parallel kernels. The main advantage of this method is that the application package does not need to be installed on the remote kernels. All definitions are sent through the existing connection to the remote kernels. ...
- [Virtual Shared Memory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ParallelTools/tutorial/VirtualSharedMemory.en.md): Special-purpose multiprocessing hardware comes in two types, shared memory and distributed memory. In a shared-memory machine, all processors have access to a common main memory. In a distributed-memory machine, each processor has its own main memory, and the processors are connected through a sophisticated network. A collection of networked PCs is also a kind of distributed-memory parallel machine. Communication between processors is an important prerequisite for all but the most trivial ...

## PDEModels


### Tutorials

- [PDEModels Best Practice](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/PDEModelsBestPractice.en.md): Generally speaking, a convection can be modeled in conservative and non-conservative forms. The conservative form is expressed as a ConservativeConvectionPDETerm and models \\[Del]_{x_ 1,...,x_n}\\[CenterDot](-\\[Alpha] u). The alternative is to use a ConvectionPDETerm, which models \\[Alpha]\\[CenterDot]\\[Del]_{x_ 1,...,x_n}u. Note the different positions of \\[Alpha]. When numerically solving differential equation models, it is important to pay attention to the scale of the components in ...
- [PDEModels Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/PDEModelsOverview.en.md): This partial differential equation (PDE) model overview provides a starting point for setting up PDE models in various fields of physics. The PDE models presented here are based on a high-level PDE modeling language expressed through PDEComponent functions and boundary Conditions and Values. It is important to realize that in case your field of interest is not presented here, that does not mean that the Wolfram Language cannot solve that field's equations. It just only means that these ...

#### Acoustics

- [Acoustics in the Frequency Domain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/AcousticsFrequencyDomain.en.md): Acoustics is the field of physics that models sound waves by changes in pressure. Two approaches to modeling acoustic systems are common: one approach is to model acoustics in the time domain and the other is to model in the frequency domain. This tutorial focuses on the modeling of sound in the frequency domain and makes use of the Helmholtz partial differential equation (PDE) as the model. The acoustic modeling in the frequency domain introduced here will build on concepts introduced in the ...
- [Acoustics in the Time Domain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/AcousticsTimeDomain.en.md): Acoustics is the field of physics that models sound by changes in pressure. The changes in pressure are described by a wave equation. This tutorial gives an introduction to modeling sound with the wave equation in the time domain and presents various aspects of the modeling process. The modeling process results in partial differential equation (PDE) models that are solved with NDSolve. Furthermore, different types of sound sources are introduced, as well as an overview of how various ...

##### ModelCollection

- [Acoustic Cloak](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/AcousticCloak.en.md): Acoustic waves can be used to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of water. For example, the sonar system locates an object by emitting pulses of sounds and listening for echoes. However, recent studies [CounterBox[ItemNumbered, ref(1)]] have shown the feasibility of hiding an object from sound radiation and making it transparent to the detection system. The concept is to wrap the hidden object with an acoustic cloak, which is made of multilayered composite ...
- [Acoustic Horn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/AcousticHorn.en.md): An acoustic horn is a tapered sound guide that aims to maximize the efficiency of sound transfer and that can be used at both the sound transmitting and sound receiving ends, such as musical instruments and hearing aid equipment. A way to quantify the performance of an acoustic horn is to evaluate the amount of sound reflection in the horn. The following model simulates the sound propagation within an acoustic horn varying from the frequency f=50Hz to f=1000Hz. The index of reflection ...
- [Acoustic Mirror](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/AcousticMirror.en.md): An acoustic mirror is a passive device that collects and amplifies sound waves. They are often designed in a parabolic shape made of sound hard materials, which allows them to reflect and focus incident sound signals. Before the invention of the radar system, acoustic mirrors were used to detect incoming aircraft. In recent years, due to its simple setup and efficiency in signal processing [CounterBox[ItemNumbered, ref(2)]], acoustic mirrors have been commonly used in aeroacoustic wind tunnels ...
- [Automotive Muffler Simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/AcousticMuffler.en.md): As a car engine runs, a significant amount of noise is generated due to the combustion. An automotive muffler is an essential device that attenuates the noise exhaustion from the engine. This study simulates the sound propagation within three different kinds of mufflers and compares their performances, varying from the frequency f=20Hz to f=1000Hz. The mufflers analyzed here are a classical muffler, a perforated muffler and a padded muffler. The sound pressure distribution and the transmission ...
- [Wave Diffraction and Interference Simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/AcousticWaveDiffraction.en.md): When a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit, some portion of the incident wave is reflected while the remaining part is transmitted in a distorted shape. The effect is generally more prominent for waves whose wavelength is roughly comparable to the dimensions of the diffracting object. The following 2D model simulates the classic single- and double-slit experiments for acoustic waves. Sinusoidal plane waves are set to enter the domain from the bottom of the domain. By inspecting the wave ...
- [Helmholtz Resonator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/HelmholtzResonator.en.md): When one blows carefully across the opening of a bottle, a clear sound is generated. The sound is generated by oscillations in the air stream passing over the far edge of the opening. The bottle is composed of an opening called the mouth, a narrow volume called the neck and a large volume called the cavity. Conceptually speaking, by blowing over the mouth of the bottle, the inert mass of the air in the neck is pushed inward into the cavity. This compresses the air in the cavity and increases ...
- [Electric Motor Noise Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/MotorNoiseAnalysis.en.md): Noise analysis is an important phase when designing electrical motor-driven systems. As a motor rotates, the harmonic electromagnetic forces between the rotor and stator continuously deform the outer casing of the motor. These periodic deformations lead to structural vibrations, which excite pressure waves to the surroundings as a noise. The following model simulates the acoustic wave radiation from a motor spinning at R=15000, 17500 and 20000 rpm. First, the sound pressure level (SPL) in the ...
- [Eigenfrequencies of a Room](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Acoustics/ModelCollection/RoomEigenfrequencies.en.md): Acoustic resonance is a phenomenon arising when an object subjected to relatively small sound waves greatly amplifies the sound waves. This resonance appears when the frequency of a stimulus matches one of the natural frequencies (i.e. eigenfrequencies) of the object. When in resonance, the amplitudes of vibration tend to be much larger, so when objects vibrate at their eigenfrequencies, they are more subject to fatigue and breakage. For example, a delicate wineglass can be broken when induced ...

#### Electromagnetics

- [Electric Currents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/ElectricCurrents.en.md): This monograph uses partial differential equations to model and analyze electric fields, electric potentials and current distributions. The models presented here consider neither magnetic effects nor electromagnetic radiation. Magnetic phenomena are considered in the Magnetostatics for Permanent Magnets and the Quasistatic Magnetic Fields monographs. In this monograph, the focus is on the electric current continuity equation and its main purpose: to compute an electric potential. The equation ...
- [Electromagnetism](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/ElectromagneticsOverview.en.md): In this monograph, an overview of electromagnetism is given. Electromagnetism, from an engineering perspective, is the analysis and study of devices involving electric, magnetic or electromagnetic (EM) phenomena. These devices come from seemingly diverse areas such as electric machines, capacitors or waveguides and antennas. Even though each of the devices mentioned can have different characteristics, all can fundamentally be described by Maxwell's equations. As the Maxwell equations are ...
- [Electrostatics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/Electrostatics.en.md): This monograph uses partial differential equations to model and analyze time-independent electric fields, electric potentials and charge densities distributions. The main assumption in an electrostatic simulation is that the electric and magnetic fields are not coupled. The electrostatics equation is used to model electric fields produced by stationary charges. As a simplification of Maxwell's equations, it is only used to describe insulating or dielectric materials. Modeling electromagnetic ...
- [Magnetostatics for Permanent Magnets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/MagnetostaticsForPermanentMagnets.en.md): This monograph uses partial differential equations to model and analyze time-independent magnetic fields, which are produced by permanent magnets. In the static regime, the electric and magnetic fields are not coupled, which means that when simulating magnetostatic fields, effects such as induced currents do not exist. See the Electromagnetics Overview for more information. In this monograph, magnetostatic fields are simulated using the scalar magnetic potential formulation. This formulation ...
- [Quasistatic Magnetic Fields](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/QuasistaticMagneticFields.en.md): This monograph uses partial differential equations to model and analyze magnetoelectric fields where the interactions between magnetic and electric fields can be stationary or time or frequency dependent. The main objective of the PDE presented in this monograph is to consider low-frequency currents and how they induce and interact with a magnetic field. This monograph deals with inductive effects, such as eddy currents. As a special case, low frequency can also mean stationary direct ...

##### ModelCollection

- [Multiple Aperture Vector Diffraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/ModelCollection/MultipleApertureVectorDiffraction.en.md): Electromagnetic diffraction is a phenomenon that occurs when an electromagnetic (EM) wave passes trough an obstacle or aperture. For EM diffraction, the electric or magnetic field is described by a complex function. In the case of two or more apertures, the spatial distribution of the EM field after the aperture, called the diffraction pattern, is characterized by fringes that vary with the distance between apertures due to the spatial phase difference. This feature is greatly exploited in ...
- [Single-Aperture Scalar Diffraction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/ModelCollection/SingleApertureScalarDiffraction.en.md): The phenomenon of diffraction is fully described by the wave equation. The Huygens-Fresnel principle states that when a wave passes through an obstacle or aperture, every point surrounding the obstacle or inside the aperture acts as a point source of spherical waves. The superposition of those waves produces a wavefront with a characteristic shape [Born & Wolf, 1999]. The intensity profile \\[ScriptCapitalI] [TemplateBox[{InterpretationBox[ , 1], RowBox[{W, , /, , SuperscriptBox[m, 2]}], watts ...
- [Spherical Capacitor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Electromagnetics/ModelCollection/SphericalCapacitor.en.md): The following tutorial presents an electrostatic application. This example looks at a spherical capacitor formed of a solid conductor sphere, marked with 1 in the figure, and a hollow spherical conductor shell, marked with 3 in the figure, where the region between the conductors is a dielectric material, marked with 2 in the figure. The aim is to reproduce an electric potential distribution using the finite element method and compare the result to an analytical solution of the capacitance. The ...

#### FluidDynamics

- [Fluid Dynamics Model Verification Tests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/FluidDynamics/FluidDynamicsVerificationTests.en.md): This notebook contains tests that verify that the fluid dynamics partial differential equations (PDE) model works as expected. To run all tests, SelectAll and press Shift+Enter. The results will then be in the section Test Result Inspection. Note that these tests can also serve as a basis for developing your own fluid dynamics models. As such, the tests are grouped into stationary (time-independent) and transient (time-dependent) tests. In both categories, both Cartesian and axisymmetric test ...
- [Laminar Flow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/FluidDynamics/LaminarFlow.en.md): The analysis and behavior of fluids are of fundamental importance in science and engineering. This monograph gives an introduction to modeling fluids with partial differential equations. Equations and boundary conditions that are relevant for performing fluid mechanics analysis are derived and explained. Fluids are substances in gaseous or liquid phase, like air or water, respectively. The term fluid comprises both liquids and gases. The opposite of fluids is solids, and the distinguishing ...

##### ModelCollection

- [Blood Flow Modeling in Cerebral Aneurysm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/FluidDynamics/ModelCollection/CerebralAneurysm.en.md): A cerebral aneurysm is an abnormal dilation caused by a weakening of an inner layer of a blood vessel wall. Aneurysms occurs within the brain. The biggest risk is a rupture, which has mortality rate of nearly 40%. The precise prognosis depends on various factors, such as age or the location of the aneurysm. The goal of this application example is to study a blood flow in a patient-specific aneurysm obtained through a computer tomography (CT) scan and then predict where the aneurysm is most ...

#### HeatTransfer

- [Heat Transfer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/HeatTransfer.en.md): This tutorial gives an introduction to modeling heat transfer. Governing equations and boundary conditions that are relevant for performing heat transfer analysis are derived and explained. Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that is concerned with the movement of energy. The driving force for heat transfer is temperature differences. The temperature differences come about though different phenomena in the interior or on the boundary of the simulation domain and can be ...
- [Heat Transfer Model Verification Tests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/HeatTransferVerificationTests.en.md): This notebook contains tests that verify that the heat transfer partial differential equations (PDE) model works as expected. To run all tests, SelectAll and press Shift+Enter. The results will then be in the section Test Result Inspection. Note that these tests can also serve as a basis for developing your own heat transfer models. As such, the tests are grouped into stationary (time-independent) and transient (time-dependent) tests. In both categories, one- and two-dimensional test models ...

##### ModelCollection

- [Contactless Anemometer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/Anemometer.en.md): In this application, a contactless fluid flow anemometer is simulated. A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device is presented that can be attached to a pipe and measure a fluid flow velocity that is present in the pipe in a contactless manner [1, 2]. To achieve this, a small section in the device is heated, and a flow passing over the heater will distort the temperature profile generated by the heater. The distortion of the temperature profile can then be measured by thermal sensors at two ...
- [Thermal and Structural Analysis of a Disc Brake](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/DiscBrake.en.md): A braking system is generally composed of a brake disc and two brake pads. When braking, the brake pads exert pressure on the disc to decelerate it. In this process, there is a transformation of mechanical energy to thermal energy due to the friction between the pads and the disc. This energy is then dissipated in the material of the disc, causing a change in the temperature distribution T(t,r,z) in [K]. This nonuniform temperature distribution in the brake disc induces thermal stresses due to ...
- [How Do You Like Your Boiled Eggs?](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/EggBoiling.en.md): This application example of boiling an egg will demonstrate step by step how a computer simulation is created. It includes each stage of the process as the model is created, evaluated and refined to a satisfactory level. This example is chosen because most people have some experience with cooking an egg. The creation of this model is presented in various stages. Each version has additions that bring the simulation closer to modeling the process of boiling an egg. There were two important ...
- [Laser Beam Welding](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/LaserWelding.en.md): Laser beam welding (LBW) is a welding technique used to combine metals or thermoplastics. The laser beam provides concentrated, intense energy that heats up the materials at the welding location, and the parts melt together. In this example, two pieces of steel are to be welded together horizontally to form a larger plate. A laser beam follows the edges to be welded and traverses the steel pieces for the time period of 0<=t<=5 [s]. The model and material data are taken from [1, p. 114]: ...
- [Heat Conduction in a Multilayer Sphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/MultilayerSphereHeatTransfer.en.md): Devices constructed by layers of multiple materials have been used in many industrial applications, such as chemical, mechanical and aerospace engineering. One important feature of multilayered materials lies in the possibility to combine several thermal properties. Performing numerical simulations and obtaining the temperature distribution of such compounds are important because they give insights into how the real system will behave. This model is based on [Singh et al., 2016] in which a 3D ...
- [Shrink Fitting of Assembly](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/ShrinkFitting.en.md): Shrink fitting is a manufacturing technique that is used to assemble two metal parts. This is achieved by heating one of the components and cooling the second. Through the induced thermal contraction and expansion, the pieces can be fitted together. After the assembly, the pieces are allowed to return to the ambient temperature, which will in result in the heated piece shrinking while the cooled part expands. If the heated part encloses the cooled part, the assembly will hold together. In this ...
- [Thermal Contact](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/HeatTransfer/ModelCollection/ThermalContact.en.md): Thermal management is of crucial importance in modern-day electronics devices. Specifically, inadequate dissipation of the heat generated directly impacts the performance and durability of such devices. Furthermore, enclosures for electronic devices play a crucial role in facilitating the efficient transfer of heat to the surrounding environment. In many cases, the electronic device is connected to a heat sink. And, particularly, efficiency in the energy transfer from the device to the heat ...

#### MassTransport

- [Mass Transport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/MassTransport/MassTransport.en.md): This tutorial gives an introduction to modeling mass transport of diluted species. Equations and boundary conditions that are relevant for performing mass transport analysis are derived and explained. Mass transport is a discipline of chemical engineering that is concerned with the movement of chemical species. The two mechanisms of mass transport are mass diffusion and mass convection. The driving force behind a mass diffusion is the difference in a species concentration at different ...

##### ModelCollection

- [Microscale Simulation of Catalyst Deactivation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/MassTransport/ModelCollection/CatalystDeactivation.en.md): A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed itself. Although it is not consumed, the catalyst can be deactivated by secondary processes. Two types of catalyst deactivation are common. First, the loss of a catalyst's reactivity, the ability to increase the rate of a reaction. Second, the loss of selectivity, the ability to direct a reaction to yield a particular product over time [CounterBox[ItemNumbered, ref(1)]]. To avoid insufficient ...
- [Catalytic Converter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/MassTransport/ModelCollection/CatalyticConverter.en.md): A catalytic converter is an emission control device that reduces certain pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. With the assistance of catalysts, molecules such as nitric oxide, NO, and carbon monoxide, CO, can be oxidized and converted to substances that are somewhat less harmful to the environment. This study is to simulate mass transportation of CO molecules within a catalytic converter and their evolution in time. The catalytic converter modeled in this example ...
- [Gas Absorption at Liquid Surface](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/MassTransport/ModelCollection/GasAbsorption.en.md): Physical and chemical gas absorption are important separation processes and are widely employed in various industries. Gas absorption is used to either separate undesirable components from a gas or for manufacturing purposes of chemicals. This example reproduces a gas absorption model [1]. The absorption process takes place in the gas-liquid interface section shown below in gray: A gas is exposed to a fully developed laminar flow. The gas flows either cocurrently or countercurrently with ...

#### Multiphysics


##### ModelCollection

- [Buoyancy-Driven Flow in a Square Cavity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/BuoyancyDrivenFlow.en.md): Buoyancy-driven convection denotes a type of heat transfer in a fluid, in which the fluid flow is driven solely by a density difference due to a temperature gradient. Consider a two-dimensional flow within a square cavity of solid walls, where gravity g is acting in the -y direction. The left and right boundaries have different temperature values at T_L=1 [K] and T_R=0 [K], respectively. The top and bottom boundaries, however, are assumed to be thermally insulated. As the fluid near the left ...
- [Electrostatically Actuated MEMS Device](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/ElectrostaticallyActuatedMEMS.en.md): In this application example, a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) device is modeled. MEMS devices are widely used, for example, switches in sensors and actuators [Sumant et al., 2009]. The MEMS device modeled consists of a thin movable beam, an electrode suspended over a fixed electrode. Suppose a voltage difference is applied between the fixed and the movable electrodes. In that case, the movable electrode will have a deformation caused by the induced surface charges. This deformation can ...
- [Heat Exchanger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/HeatExchanger.en.md): A heat exchanger is a device that aims to transfer thermal energy between two or more media. In this example, a series of hot wires is submerged in a flow field to serve as a heat source. Cold water enters the domain from the bottom, flows across the heated wires, withdraws heat and then exits heated through the top: The following simulation models the temperature, pressure and velocity fields within the heat exchanger, showing the effect of natural convection. The mean temperature of the ...
- [Hygroscopic Swelling](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/HygroscopicSwelling.en.md): Solids can absorb water molecules in a humid environment, and this accumulation can cause the solid to swell and result in increased stress and strain [1]. This phenomenon happens in several environments, like industrial plants, naval applications and biological laboratories, and it must be modeled accurately to investigate its effects. This swelling results in an inelastic strain \\[Epsilon]_H that is proportional to the difference between a concentration and a strain-free reference ...
- [Inductive Heating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/InductiveHeating.en.md): Inductive heating is a process in which a material is heated up due to currents that flow in the material. This process is similar to the Joule heating effect, but the currents that heat the material are induced by means of an electromagnetic induction. The main characteristic of this heating process is that is a contactless process. The basic components of an inductive heating system are a coil and a workpiece that is placed inside the coil, without touching it. An alternating current is ...
- [Joule Heating of Tungsten Wire](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/JouleHeating.en.md): The Joule heating effect, also known as the resistive heating effect, denotes a phenomenon where electric energy is converted into thermal energy as an electric current flows through an object. This effect is commonly found in devices such as electric heaters, incandescent light bulbs and fuses. In the following model, a voltage of V_ 0=0.2 [V] is applied to a tungsten wire. Heat is then generated within the wire due to the Joule heating effect. Part of the generated heat dissipates from the ...
- [Water Condensation of Passive Dew Condensers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/PassiveDewCondenser.en.md): A passive dew condenser (PDC) is a device that collects water from the atmosphere without using a power source [Beysens, 2018]. These devices aim to provide an alternative water source, so the scientific community is looking for ways to optimize the efficiency of PDC devices in collecting water. The PDE model created here will be compared to an actual device located in Mirleft, Morocco [Lekouch et al., 2012], showing how much water is collected in approximately 24 hours. A visualization of the ...
- [Thermal Decomposition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/ThermalDecomposition.en.md): Thermal decomposition is a chemical reaction where heat is a reactant. Since heat is a reactant, these reactions are endothermic, meaning that the reaction requires thermal energy to break the chemical bonds in the molecule. A classic example is the calcination process: Calcium carbonate, CaCO_ 3, will decompose into carbon dioxide, CO_ 2, and calcium oxide, CaO, when heated above 900 [°C] at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. For endothermic reactions, in this case the heat of reaction, ...
- [Thermal Load on a Beam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/ThermalLoad.en.md): Thermal stress is a type of stress induced by a temperature change, which can lead to fracture or deformation of an object. In the following model, a steel beam is fixed at the left and heated by a constant inward heat flux q on the top surface. The left and the lower surfaces are kept at T_cold=0 [°C], while the right end is assumed to be thermally insulated. During the heating process the temperature on the top surface will be gradually increased. The resulting temperature gradient will then ...
- [Radial Effects in a Tubular Reactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Multiphysics/ModelCollection/TubularReactor.en.md): Chemical reactors are at the core of chemical engineering processes. It is in these reactors that chemical reactions are made to take place. Chemical engineers are concerned about the design of the reactors, seeing that the desired output product should be produced with high efficiency. In addition to continuous-stirred tank reactors and batch reactors, tubular reactors are also commonly used in the industry. Tubular reactors are made up of a cylindrical pipe. In the reactor, a variety of ...

#### Physics


##### ModelCollection

- [Axisymmetric Conical Quantum Dot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Physics/ModelCollection/AxisymmetricConicalQuantumDot.en.md): In this notebook, the aim is to demonstrate the application of the finite element method, as implemented in the Wolfram Language, to solve the Schrödinger equation in an axisymmetric form. The calculations are inspired by the work of Melnik et al. [Melnik, 2004], which focused on the analysis of single particle states confined in a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD). By following the methodologies presented herein, readers should gain a comprehensive understanding that can be applied to their own ...
- [Quantum Ring](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Physics/ModelCollection/QuantumRing.en.md): Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) [Garcia, 2021] are structures made from the union of two or more semiconductor materials, like GaAs or InAs, and are fabricated so their geometry has dimensions on the order of 100 nanometers or less. Due to the difference in energy gaps between each of the semiconductor materials forming the QD, they restrict the mobility of charge carriers like electrons or holes in all three dimensions and, effectively, confine them inside the QD. They exhibit properties ...
- [The Schrödinger–Newton Equation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Physics/ModelCollection/SchrodingerNewton.en.md): The Schrödinger equation predicts that the wave packet for any object will invariably spread out over time, leading to a delocalized center of mass. This dispersion is in conflict with the everyday experience of well-localized classical objects, whose center of mass always seems to have a well-defined position. The Schrödinger-Newton (SN) equation offers a possible solution to this predicament by including the effects of gravitational self-interaction. As proposed by Lajos Diósi [1], this ...
- [Self-Consistent Schrödinger–Poisson Solution in a Doped Quantum Well](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/Physics/ModelCollection/SchrodingerPoisson1DQuantumWell.en.md): Solving the Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) equation provides crucial insight into the behavior of devices such as High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) [1] or Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTDs) [2]. The goal of this example is to show how to solve the SP equation in the Wolfram Language for a Quantum Well (QW). The QW is made from the junction Ga_ 0.8Al_ 0.2 As/GaAs, GaAs being the material sandwiched between Ga_ 0.8Al_ 0.2 As. The GaAs region is n-doped, meaning it has excess conduction ...

#### StructuralMechanics

- [Hyperelasticity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/Hyperelasticity.en.md): Materials like rubber or foam can be exposed to large deformations and still remain fully elastic. This means that if the load is removed, the deformation is fully reversible with no plastic deformation. These materials are called hyperelastic materials or Green elastic materials. Beyond rubber and foam, some biological tissue or polymers, which can have rubbery regimes, can also fall into the hyperelastic material category. In contrast to hypoelastic materials, hyperelastic materials can be ...
- [Plasticity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/Plasticity.en.md): The notebook provides an early access to modeling plasticity in the Wolfram Language. Plasticity refers to the ability of a solid to undergo permanent deformation, also known as plastic deformation when subjected to a load or deformation. Unlike elastic deformation, where a material returns to its original shape after the load is removed, plastic deformation involves a permanent change in shape. Plasticity is a crucial concept in understanding the behavior of materials under various loading ...
- [Solid Mechanics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/SolidMechanics.en.md): The analysis and behavior of solids under loads and constraints is of fundamental importance in mechanics. Solid mechanics deals with the mechanics of solid bodies in three dimensions, while the topic of structural mechanics encompasses a wider range of objects, such as thin shells or beams, for example. This tutorial gives an introduction to modeling solid mechanics with partial differential equations. Equations and boundary conditions that are relevant for performing solid mechanics analysis ...
- [Solid Mechanics Model Verification Tests](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/SolidMechanicsVerificationTests.en.md): The solid mechanics PDE components are in the experimental stage. This notebook contains tests that verify that the solid mechanics partial differential equations (PDE) model works as expected. To run all tests, SelectAll and press Shift+Enter. The results will then be in the section Test Result Inspection. Note that these tests can also serve as a basis for developing your own solid mechanics models. As such, the tests are grouped into stationary (time-independent) and transient ...

##### ModelCollection

- [3D Print and Mechanical Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/3DPrintedMechanicalDesign.en.md): 3D printing enables rapid creation of complex, customized objects without traditional tooling, making it ideal for prototyping of functional parts. However, when printed components must withstand real-world loads, mechanical optimization becomes essential. This is where Finite Element Analysis (FEA) comes in. FEA simulates how a design behaves under stress, allowing engineers to identify weak points, optimize geometry and reduce weight before printing. By integrating FEA into the design ...
- [Biaxial Tensile Test of Hyperelastic Tissue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/BiaxialTensileTestHyperelasticTissue.en.md): Biaxial tensile testing is an experimental technique to characterize materials. For this purpose, a rectangular material specimen is perforated with holes that act as anchors for hooks. The hooks will be pulled apart, both the forces applied and the resulting displacements measured. An illustration of a specimen pulled with a typical number of hooks is shown below. Highlighted in red is the symmetry of the setup, which is exploited later in order to reduce computational complexity. The ...
- [Biomechanics of the Human Tendon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/HumanTendonBiomechanics.en.md): In silico medicine, particularly through the use of finite element simulations, is a relatively new type of patient-specific healthcare, especially for the musculoskeletal system. By creating detailed computational models of individual anatomy, finite element analysis enables precise [1] simulations of biomechanical behavior under various conditions. In silico medicine is revolutionizing patient-specific healthcare. This approach allows for personalized treatment strategies, offering ...
- [Hyperelastic Model Comparison](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/HyperelasticModelComparison.en.md): The following examples compare different hyperelastic models, with a brief discussion about picking the model that best fits your experimental data. Selecting the correct hyperelastic model for a specific material requires considering several factors, including the material's mechanical behavior, available experimental data and the intended application. Experimental data is crucial for selecting an appropriate hyperelastic model. Mechanical tests, such as uniaxial tension, compression or shear ...
- [Slope Stability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/SlopeStability.en.md): A ground surface that is inclined at an angle to the horizontal is called a slope. Slopes are formed by inclining soil masses and can occur naturally or can be manmade. Slopes are commonly required in the construction of highways, railway embankments, earth dams, levees and canals. When the ground surface is inclined, the gravity component acting parallel to the slope tends to move the soil mass downward. To ensure stability and prevent failure, it is therefore essential to analyze the slope ...
- [Surgical Tool Shaping for Spine Surgery](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/SpineSurgeryRod.en.md): Spinal surgery is among the most complex and high-stakes procedures in modern medicine, demanding precision, biomechanical insight and material excellence. At the heart of many spinal stabilization techniques, such as posterior spinal fusion or scoliosis correction, lie metallic rods that act not merely as structural supports but as biomechanical extensions of the surgeon's intent. These rods must endure dynamic physiological loads, adapt to individualized spinal curvatures and maintain ...
- [Layered Vascular Vessel with Yeoh Constitutive Model](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/StructuralMechanics/ModelCollection/VascularVessel.en.md): This model analyses the stress state of a coronary vessel under physiological conditions. The model makes use of a Yeoh hyperelastic material model with model parameters extracted from experimental procedures. The coronary arteries are major blood vessels supplying blood to the heart. There are several diseases linked to the coronary arteries that can compromise an entire organism. A common type of heart disease is caused by plaque buildup in the wall of coronary arteries. Also, a coronary ...

#### SystemPhysics


##### ModelCollection

- [Beam-Spring-Mass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/SystemPhysics/ModelCollection/BeamSpringMass.en.md): This example demonstrates modeling a beam with a finite element analysis and computing its spring constant. This will be done by setting up a partial differential equation (PDE) model, through the solid mechanics model framework provided by SolidMechanicsPDEComponent. The spring constant will then be used in a simple mass-spring system model. The general idea is the following: Create a geometry of a beam. Then set up a PDE model where the beam is constrained at one side and apply a downward ...
- [From Fast to Detailed: Smarter Engineering with Hybrid Models](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/SystemPhysics/ModelCollection/CoolingRoomHVAC.en.md): Engineering teams face the same dilemma over and over: The real answer? A hybrid workflow: start with system models, add detail only when it matters and keep everything connected. We set out to answer a simple question: How should an HVAC system be configured to keep a room comfortable while minimizing energy use?
- [Room Heating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PDEModels/tutorial/SystemPhysics/ModelCollection/RoomHeating.en.md): This application example will explore room heat distribution as a combined SystemModel and partial differential equation (PDE) model. The coupling will be unidirectional, as the System Modeler model will be used to drive the PDE analysis. In a first step, System Modeler's \Thermal College Virtual Lab\ is used to explore a virtual model of a room. In a second step, a PDE model is created that will compute the actual heat distribution in the room. The System Modeler part of this application ...

## PhysicalConstants


### Guide Pages

- [Physical Constants Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/guide/PhysicalConstantsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AccelerationDueToGravity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/AccelerationDueToGravity.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AgeOfUniverse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/AgeOfUniverse.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AvogadroConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/AvogadroConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BohrRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/BohrRadius.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BoltzmannConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/BoltzmannConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ClassicalElectronRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ClassicalElectronRadius.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CosmicBackgroundTemperature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/CosmicBackgroundTemperature.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DeuteronMagneticMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/DeuteronMagneticMoment.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DeuteronMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/DeuteronMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [EarthMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/EarthMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [EarthRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/EarthRadius.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ElectronCharge](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ElectronCharge.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ElectronComptonWavelength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ElectronComptonWavelength.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ElectronGFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ElectronGFactor.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ElectronMagneticMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ElectronMagneticMoment.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ElectronMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ElectronMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [FaradayConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/FaradayConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [FineStructureConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/FineStructureConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [GalacticUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/GalacticUnit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [GravitationalConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/GravitationalConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [HubbleConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/HubbleConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [IcePoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/IcePoint.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MagneticFluxQuantum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/MagneticFluxQuantum.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MolarGasConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/MolarGasConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MolarVolume](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/MolarVolume.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MuonGFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/MuonGFactor.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MuonMagneticMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/MuonMagneticMoment.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MuonMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/MuonMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NeutronComptonWavelength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/NeutronComptonWavelength.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NeutronMagneticMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/NeutronMagneticMoment.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NeutronMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/NeutronMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PlanckConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/PlanckConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PlanckConstantReduced](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/PlanckConstantReduced.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PlanckMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/PlanckMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ProtonComptonWavelength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ProtonComptonWavelength.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ProtonMagneticMoment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ProtonMagneticMoment.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ProtonMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ProtonMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [QuantizedHallConductance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/QuantizedHallConductance.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [RydbergConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/RydbergConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SackurTetrodeConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SackurTetrodeConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SolarConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SolarConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SolarLuminosity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SolarLuminosity.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SolarRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SolarRadius.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SolarSchwarzschildRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SolarSchwarzschildRadius.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SpeedOfLight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SpeedOfLight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SpeedOfSound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/SpeedOfSound.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [StefanConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/StefanConstant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ThomsonCrossSection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/ThomsonCrossSection.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [VacuumPermeability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/VacuumPermeability.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [VacuumPermittivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/VacuumPermittivity.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [WeakMixingAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/ref/WeakMixingAngle.en.md): As of Version 9.0, physical constant functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>

### Tutorials

- [Physical Constants Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PhysicalConstants/tutorial/PhysicalConstants.en.md): In addition to providing a comprehensive environment for calculations and a programming language, the Wolfram Language is also a system for representing and presenting scientific and technical knowledge. Certain packages are included with the Wolfram Language to provide easy access to commonly used scientific data, such as the value of physical constants and conversion factors for various systems of units. Some common physical constants. This loads the package.

## PieCharts


### Guide Pages

- [Pie Charts Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/guide/PieChartsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [PieChart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/ref/PieChart.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PieChart is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [PieEdgeStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/ref/PieEdgeStyle.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PieEdgeStyle has been superseded by ChartStyle.
- [PieExploded](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/ref/PieExploded.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PieExploded has been superseded by SectorSpacing.
- [PieLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/ref/PieLabels.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PieLabels has been superseded by ChartLabels.
- [PieOrientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/ref/PieOrientation.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PieOrientation has been superseded by SectorOrigin.
- [PieStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PieCharts/ref/PieStyle.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PieStyle has been superseded by ChartStyle.

## PlotLegends


### Guide Pages

- [Plot Legends Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/guide/PlotLegendsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [LegendBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendBackground.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendBorder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendBorder.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendBorderSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendBorderSpace.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Legend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/Legend.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendLabelSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendLabelSpace.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendOrientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendOrientation.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendPosition](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendPosition.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [LegendShadow](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendShadow.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [LegendSize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendSize.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendSpacing.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendTextDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendTextDirection.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [LegendTextOffset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendTextOffset.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [LegendTextSpace](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/LegendTextSpace.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [PlotLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/PlotLegend.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [ShadowBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/ShadowBackground.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [ShadowBorder](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/ShadowBorder.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [ShadowBox](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/ShadowBox.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [ShadowForeground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/ShadowForeground.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [ShadowOffset](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/ShadowOffset.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System.
- [ShowLegend](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/ref/ShowLegend.en.md): As of Version 9, all the functionality of the PlotLegends package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Plot Legends Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PlotLegends/tutorial/PlotLegends.en.md): There are two ways to use the functions in this package to place a legend in a graphic: the first can only be used as an option to the built-in functions Plot, ListPlot, and ListLinePlot, while the second can be applied to any graphic. To use the PlotLegend option, you simply specify the text for each curve. If there are more curves than text, the text is used cyclically. The second way of placing a legend in a graphic is to use ShowLegend. With ShowLegend, you specify the graphic and legend ...

## PolyhedronOperations


### Guide Pages

- [Polyhedron Operations Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PolyhedronOperations/guide/PolyhedronOperationsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Geodesate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PolyhedronOperations/ref/Geodesate.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the PolyhedronOperations package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [OpenTruncate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PolyhedronOperations/ref/OpenTruncate.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the PolyhedronOperations package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Stellate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PolyhedronOperations/ref/Stellate.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the PolyhedronOperations package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Truncate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PolyhedronOperations/ref/Truncate.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the PolyhedronOperations package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Polyhedron Operations Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PolyhedronOperations/tutorial/PolyhedronOperations.en.md): A Platonic solid is a convex polyhedron whose faces and vertices are all of the same type. There are five such solids. There are also a few nonconvex polyhedra known that have faces and vertices all of the same type. This package contains functionality for modifying some of the properties of the polyhedra available in PolyhedronData. Some of the available polyhedra. This loads the package.

## Polytopes


### Guide Pages

- [Polytopes Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/guide/PolytopesPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Area](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Area.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [CircumscribedRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/CircumscribedRadius.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Decagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Decagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Digon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Digon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Dodecagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Dodecagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Faces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Faces.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Heptagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Heptagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Hexagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Hexagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [InscribedRadius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/InscribedRadius.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Nonagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Nonagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/NumberOfEdges.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfFaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/NumberOfFaces.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [NumberOfVertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/NumberOfVertices.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Octagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Octagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Pentagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Pentagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Undecagon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Undecagon.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>
- [Vertices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/ref/Vertices.en.md): As of Version 12.0, all the functionality of the Polytopes package is built into the Wolfram System. >>

### Tutorials

- [Polytopes Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Polytopes/tutorial/Polytopes.en.md): This package contains functions that give geometrical characteristics of regular polygons. Polygons are identified by name (Digon, Decagon, etc.) in function arguments and in results. Geometrical characteristics of polygons. Names of polygons.

## PrimalityProving


### Guide Pages

- [Primality Proving Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PrimalityProving/guide/PrimalityProvingPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [PrimeQCertificateCheck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PrimalityProving/ref/PrimeQCertificateCheck.en.md): PrimeQCertificateCheck[cert, n] gives True if cert is a valid certificate for the primality or compositeness of n, and False otherwise.
- [PrimeQCertificate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PrimalityProving/ref/PrimeQCertificate.en.md): PrimeQCertificate[n] gives a certificate that n is prime or that n is composite.
- [ProvablePrimeQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PrimalityProving/ref/ProvablePrimeQ.en.md): ProvablePrimeQ[n] gives True if n is provably prime, and False otherwise.

### Tutorials

- [Primality Proving Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/PrimalityProving/tutorial/PrimalityProving.en.md): This package implements primality proving. If ProvablePrimeQ[n] returns True, then the number n can be mathematically proven to be prime. In addition, PrimeQCertificate[n] prints a certificate that can be used to verify that n is prime or composite. Proving primality or compositeness. The functions provided in this package not only prove primality, but also generate a certificate of primality. A certificate of primality is a relatively short set of data that can be easily used to prove ...

## Quaternions


### Guide Pages

- [Quaternions Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/guide/QuaternionsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AbsIJK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/AbsIJK.en.md): AbsIJK[q] gives the absolute value of the pure quaternion part of q.
- [AdjustedSignIJK](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/AdjustedSignIJK.en.md): AdjustedSignIJK[q] gives the sign of the pure quaternion part of q, adjusted so its first nonzero component is positive.
- [FromQuaternion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/FromQuaternion.en.md): FromQuaternion[q] transforms the Quaternion object q to the symbolic form a + I b + J c + K d.
- [IntegerQuaternionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/IntegerQuaternionQ.en.md): IntegerQuaternionQ[q] gives True if q is an integer quaternion and False otherwise.
- [J](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/J.en.md): J represents a quaternion unit with J^2 == -1.
- [LeftAssociates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/LeftAssociates.en.md): LeftAssociates[q] gives a list of the 24 left associates of the quaternion q.
- [LeftGCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/LeftGCD.en.md): LeftGCD[a, b] gives the greatest common left divisor of the quaternions a and b.
- [PrimaryLeftAssociate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/PrimaryLeftAssociate.en.md): PrimaryLeftAssociate[q] gives the left associate of the quaternion q with the largest scalar component.
- [PrimaryRightAssociate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/PrimaryRightAssociate.en.md): PrimaryRightAssociate[q] gives the right associate of the quaternion q with the largest scalar component.
- [Quaternion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/Quaternion.en.md): Quaternion[a, b, c, d] represents the quaternion a + I b + J c + K d.
- [QuaternionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/QuaternionQ.en.md): QuaternionQ[q] gives True if q is a quaternion and False otherwise.
- [Quaternions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/Quaternions.en.md): Quaternions is an option for PrimeQ that specifies whether factorization should be done over the quaternions.
- [RightAssociates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/RightAssociates.en.md): RightAssociates[q] gives a list of the 24 right associates of the quaternion q.
- [RightGCD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/RightGCD.en.md): RightGCD[a, b] gives the greatest common right divisor of the quaternions a and b.
- [ScalarQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/ScalarQ.en.md): ScalarQ[q] gives True if q is a real numeric quantity and False otherwise.
- [ToQuaternion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/ToQuaternion.en.md): ToQuaternion[q] transforms q into a Quaternion object if possible.
- [UnitQuaternionQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/UnitQuaternionQ.en.md): UnitQuaternionQ[q] gives True if q is a unit quaternion and False otherwise.
- [UnitQuaternions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/ref/UnitQuaternions.en.md): UnitQuaternions gives a list of the 24 units in the ring of integer quaternions.

### Tutorials

- [Quaternions Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Quaternions/tutorial/Quaternions.en.md): This package implements Hamilton's quaternion algebra. Quaternions have the form a+b i+c j+d k where a, b, c, and d are real numbers. The symbols i, j, and k are multiplied according to the rules i^2==j^2==k^2==i j k==-1. Quaternions are an extension of the complex numbers, and work much the same except that their multiplication is not commutative. For instance, i j==-j i . Because of the similarities between quaternions and complex numbers, this package imitates the Wolfram Language's ...

## RegressionCommon


### Guide Pages

- [Regression Common Functions Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/guide/RegressionCommonPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AdjustedRSquared](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/AdjustedRSquared.en.md): As of Version 7.0, AdjustedRSquared has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [ANOVATable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/ANOVATable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ANOVATable has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [AsymptoticCorrelationMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/AsymptoticCorrelationMatrix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, AsymptoticCorrelationMatrix has become a property of NonlinearModelFit.
- [AsymptoticCovarianceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/AsymptoticCovarianceMatrix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, AsymptoticCovarianceMatrix has become a property of NonlinearModelFit.
- [BestFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/BestFit.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BestFit has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [BestFitParametersDelta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/BestFitParametersDelta.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BestFitParameterDelta has been renamed to BetaDifferences and has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [BestFitParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/BestFitParameters.en.md): As of Version 7.0, BestFitParameters has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [CatcherMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/CatcherMatrix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, CatcherMatrix has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [CoefficientOfVariation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/CoefficientOfVariation.en.md): As of Version 7.0, CoefficientOfVariation has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [CookD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/CookD.en.md): As of Version 7.0, CookD has been renamed to CookDistances and has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [CorrelationMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/CorrelationMatrix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, CorrelationMatrix has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [CovarianceMatrixDetRatio](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/CovarianceMatrixDetRatio.en.md): As of Version 7.0, CovarianceMatrixDetRatio has been renamed to CovarianceRatios and has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [CovarianceMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/CovarianceMatrix.en.md): As of Version 7.0, CovarianceMatrix has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [DurbinWatsonD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/DurbinWatsonD.en.md): As of Version 7.0, DurbinWatsonD has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [EigenstructureTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/EigenstructureTable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, EigenstructureTable has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [Ellipsoid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/Ellipsoid.en.md): As of Version 7.0, Ellipsoid has been moved to the Multivariate Statistics package.
- [EstimatedVariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/EstimatedVariance.en.md): As of Version 7.0, EstimatedVariance has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [FitCurvatureTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/FitCurvatureTable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FitCurvatureTable has become a property of NonlinearModelFit.
- [FitResiduals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/FitResiduals.en.md): As of Version 7.0, FitResiduals has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [HatDiagonal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/HatDiagonal.en.md): As of Version 7.0, HatDiagonal has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [JackknifedVariance](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/JackknifedVariance.en.md): As of Version 7.0, JackknifedVariance has been renamed to SingleDeletionVariances and has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [MeanPredictionCITable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/MeanPredictionCITable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, MeanPredictionCITable has been renamed to MeanPredictionConfidenceIntervalTable and has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [ParameterBias](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/ParameterBias.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ParameterBias has become a property of NonlinearModelFit.
- [ParameterCITable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/ParameterCITable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ParameterCITable has been renamed ParameterConfidenceIntervalTable and become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [ParameterConfidenceRegion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/ParameterConfidenceRegion.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ParameterConfidenceRegion has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [ParameterTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/ParameterTable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ParameterTable has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [PartialSumOfSquares](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/PartialSumOfSquares.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PartialSumOfSquares has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [PredictedResponseDelta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/PredictedResponseDelta.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PredictedResponseDelta has been renamed to FitDifferences and has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [PredictedResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/PredictedResponse.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PredictedResponse has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [RegressionReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/RegressionReport.en.md): As of Version 7.0, RegressionReport has been superseded by properties of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [RegressionReportValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/RegressionReportValues.en.md): As of Version 7.0, RegressionReportValues has been superseded by LinearModelFit[...][Properties] and NonlinearModelFit[...][Properties].
- [RSquared](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/RSquared.en.md): As of Version 7.0, RSquared has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [SequentialSumOfSquares](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/SequentialSumOfSquares.en.md): As of Version 7.0, SequentialSumOfSquares has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [SinglePredictionCITable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/SinglePredictionCITable.en.md): As of Version 7.0, SinglePredictionCITable has been renamed SinglePredictionConfidenceIntervalTable and become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [StandardizedResiduals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/StandardizedResiduals.en.md): As of Version 7.0, StandardizedResiduals has become a property of LinearModelFit and NonlinearModelFit.
- [StartingParameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/StartingParameters.en.md): As of Version 7.0, StartingParameters is no longer supported.
- [StudentizedResiduals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/StudentizedResiduals.en.md): As of Version 7.0, StudentizedResiduals has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [SummaryReport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/SummaryReport.en.md): As of Version 7.0, SummaryReport has become the properties {ParameterTable, RSquared, AdjustedRSquared, EstimatedVariance, \\ ANOVATable} for LinearModelFit or NonlinearModelFit.
- [VarianceInflation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/VarianceInflation.en.md): As of Version 7.0, VarianceInflation has been renamed to VarianceInflationFactors and has become a property of LinearModelFit.
- [Weights](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/ref/Weights.en.md): As of Version 7.0, Weights is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.

### Tutorials

- [Regression Common Functions Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RegressionCommon/tutorial/RegressionCommon.en.md): This package serves as an auxiliary package for the Linear Regression and Nonlinear Regression Packages. Regression Common Functions Package contains functions and options shared by the Linear and Nonlinear Regression Packages as well as symbols representing report values for the Regress and NonlinearRegress functions. This package is not meant to be loaded individually. Most users do not need to be aware of it, but if you are writing your own packages using functions from the Linear ...

## ResonanceAbsorptionLines


### Guide Pages

- [Resonance Absorption Lines Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/guide/ResonanceAbsorptionLinesPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AirWavelength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/AirWavelength.en.md): AirWavelength[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, wavelengtha} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and wavelengtha is the wavelength in air, for the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. AirWavelength[element, ionstage] gives wavelengths for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [AtomicData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/AtomicData.en.md): AtomicData[element] gives the spectral data of the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. AtomicData[element, ionstage] gives the data for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [DampingConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/DampingConstant.en.md): DampingConstant[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, damping} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and damping is the natural damping constant of the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. DampingConstant[element, ionstage] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [Deuterium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/Deuterium.en.md): Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen.
- [ElementAbsorptionMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/ElementAbsorptionMap.en.md): ElementAbsorptionMap[element] generates a plot of the absorption map of the element element. ElementAbsorptionMap[element, ionstage] generates a plot for the ionization level ionstage.
- [FindIons](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/FindIons.en.md): FindIons[wavelength1, wavelength2] gives the resonance absorption lines in the wavelength range between wavelength1 to wavelength2.
- [IonStage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/IonStage.en.md): IonStage is the ionization level of the element producing resonance absorption lines.
- [LowerStatisticalWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/LowerStatisticalWeight.en.md): LowerStatisticalWeight[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, weight} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and weight is the statistical weight of the lower level of the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. LowerStatisticalWeight[element, ionstage] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [LowerTermFineStructureEnergy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/LowerTermFineStructureEnergy.en.md): LowerTermFineStructureEnergy[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, energy} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and energy is the energy of the fine-structure level in the lower term of the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. LowerTermFineStructureEnergy[element, ionstage] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [OscillatorStrength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/OscillatorStrength.en.md): OscillatorStrength[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, strength} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and strength is the oscillator strength of the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. OscillatorStrength[element, ionstage] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [RelativeStrength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/RelativeStrength.en.md): RelativeStrength[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, strength} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and strength is the relative strength of the resonance absorption lines in the multiplets produced by element element. RelativeStrength[element] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [TransitionProbability](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/TransitionProbability.en.md): TransitionProbability[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, prob} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and prob is the spontaneous transition probability of the resonance absorption lines produced by the element element. TransitionProbability[element, ionstage] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [UpperStatisticalWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/UpperStatisticalWeight.en.md): UpperStatisticalWeight[element] gives a list of {wavelengthv, weight} pairs, where wavelengthv is the wavelength in vacuum and weight is the statistical weight of the upper level of the resonance absorption lines produced by element element. UpperStatisticalWeight[element, ionstage] gives a list of pairs for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [VacuumWavelength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/VacuumWavelength.en.md): VacuumWavelength[element] gives a list of the wavelengths in vacuum of the resonance absorption lines produced by the specified element. VacuumWavelength[element, ionstage] gives the wavelength in vacuum for the lines of the ionization level ionstage.
- [WavelengthAbsorptionMap](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/ref/WavelengthAbsorptionMap.en.md): WavelengthAbsorptionMap[wavelength1, wavelength2] generates a plot of the absorption map in the wavelength range between wavelength1 and wavelength2.

### Tutorials

- [Resonance Absorption Lines Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ResonanceAbsorptionLines/tutorial/ResonanceAbsorptionLines.en.md): The functions defined in ResonanceAbsorptionLines` allow you to efficiently search through an atomic data table for resonance absorption lines. Other functions give absorption maps of particular elements or of a particular wavelength range. Finding the resonance absorption lines. This loads the package.

## RLink


### Guide Pages

- [RLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/guide/RLink.en.md): R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. RLink is a Wolfram System application that uses JLink and RJava/JRI Java libraries to link to the R functionality. It allows the user to communicate data between the Wolfram Language and R and also execute R code from within the Wolfram Language.

### Reference Pages

- [FromRForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/FromRForm.en.md): FromRForm[expr] converts a full form of an expression expr, representing some valid R object, to the short form. Returns $Failed on illegal expressions, which do not form a valid RLink representation of an R object.
- [InstallR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/InstallR.en.md): InstallR[opts] starts up the R runtime and connects to it.
- [RAttributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RAttributes.en.md): RAttributes[atts] an RLink container for attributes of R objects.
- [RCode](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RCode.en.md): RCode[code] a container used by RLink to represent pieces of R code corresponding to R objects not directly supported by RLink.
- [RDataTypeDefinitionsReload](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RDataTypeDefinitionsReload.en.md): RDataTypeDefinitionsReload[opts] searches for files with definitions of extra data types, defined by the user to extend the core data type system of RLink, and loads those definitions.
- [RDataTypeRegisteredQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RDataTypeRegisteredQ.en.md): RDataTypeRegisteredQ[type] returns True if a data type with a given name has been registered in a current RLink session, and False otherwise.
- [RDataTypeRegister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RDataTypeRegister.en.md): RDataTypeRegister[type, fwpatt, fwrule, bckpatt, bckrule] registers a new Wolfram Language representation for a data type with name type.
- [RDataTypeUnregister](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RDataTypeUnregister.en.md): RDataTypeUnregister[type] unregisters a data type with the name type from the RLink type system.
- [REnvironment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/REnvironment.en.md): REnvironment[] a container used by RLink to represent any R environment.
- [REvaluate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/REvaluate.en.md): REvaluate[code] evaluates a string of R code, and returns the result as a Wolfram Language expression.
- [RFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RFunction.en.md): RFunction[code] uses code to define a function in the R workspace and returns a reference (handle) to an R function defined in the R workspace, which also has the head RFunction. RFunction[type, RCode[code], refIndex, attributes ] represents a reference to an R function defined in the R workspace. RFunction[type, RCode[code], refIndex, attributes ][args] calls an R function represented by the RFunction object on arguments args.
- [RInstallPackage](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RInstallPackage.en.md): RInstallPackage[name, opts] installs the R package name into the default R installation's package library. RInstallPackage[name, rhome, opts] installs the R package name for the R installation specified by rhome.
- [RList](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RList.en.md): RList[{elems}, attributes] represents an internal form of an R list in RLink.
- [RNull](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RNull.en.md): RNull[] is RLink's representation of an R NULL object.
- [RObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RObject.en.md): RObject[data, attributes] represents a general R object, usually having a non-trivial set of attributes.
- [RSet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RSet.en.md): RSet[var, expr] assigns the value of the Wolfram Language expression expr to a variable var in the R workspace, returning back the value of expr upon success and $Failed upon failure.
- [RTypeOfHighLevelExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RTypeOfHighLevelExpression.en.md): RTypeOfHighLevelExpression[expr] returns a (usually string) name of the RLink data type to which expr belongs.
- [RTypeOfLowLevelExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RTypeOfLowLevelExpression.en.md): RTypeOfLowLevelExpression[expr] returns a (usually string) name of the RLink data type to which expr belongs.
- [RVector](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/RVector.en.md): RVector[type, data, attributes] represents an internal form of an R vector in RLink.
- [ToRForm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/ToRForm.en.md): ToRForm[expr] returns a full form of expr used by RLink internally to communicate with R. For expressions which do not correspond to any supported R type and cannot be converted, ToRForm returns $Failed.
- [UninstallR](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/UninstallR.en.md): UninstallR[] uninstalls the R runtime/RLink.
- [$RDataTypePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/ref/$RDataTypePath.en.md): $RDataTypePath is an internal RLink variable that stores a value of the search path (a list of directory names) where RLink will look for definitions of user-defined data types.

### Tutorials

- [Application Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/ApplicationStructure.en.md): R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. RLink is a Wolfram System application that uses JLink and RJava/JRI Java libraries to link to the R functionality. It allows the user to communicate data between the Wolfram Language and R and execute R code from within the Wolfram Language. R runtime is available as a set of shared libraries (.dll/.so/.dylib). R defines a C-level interface that can be used to call R from external programs. The JRI ...
- [Configuring an External R Installation to Work with RLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/ConfigureExternalRInstallation.en.md): RLink facilitates seamless communication between Wolfram Language and R, relying specifically on R's rJava package and the JRI native library. Although RLink offers out-of-the-box convenience by bundling prebuilt JRI libraries for various historical R versions on Windows and macOS, there are instances where additional steps are necessary to ensure a successful connection. This technical document is aimed at addressing challenges that might arise when invoking the InstallR function with default ...
- [R Data Types in RLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/DataTypes.en.md): R has a simple yet powerful type system. Being an interface between R and the Wolfram Language, RLink implements a mapping between R types and Wolfram Language expressions. It is important to understand this mapping in some detail, in order to work with RLink effectively. The following scheme illustrates the simplified object model of R, in the way it is used by RLink. As you can see, within this model, any R object can be represented as an R vector, R list, R function, or R NULL object, plus ...
- [Functions in RLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/Functions.en.md): This tutorial will explain how to define and use R functions in RLink, including some more advanced forms of them, such as closures and higher-order functions. R functions in RLink are represented by expressions with the head RFunction, which are opaque references to functions defined in the R workspace. Such references can be stored in variables or used directly, to call R functions on Wolfram Language expressions as arguments and return the result back to the Wolfram Language. To call any R ...
- [Introduction to RLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is an open-source project, and a result of a large community effort. More information about R can be found at http://www.r-project.org. RLink is a Wolfram System application that uses JLink and RJava/JRI Java libraries to link to the R functionality. It allows the user to communicate data between the Wolfram Language and R and execute R code from within the Wolfram Language. This tutorial is intended ...
- [RLink Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/Reference.en.md): R is a programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is an open-source project, and a result of a large community effort. More information about R can be found at http://www.r-project.org. This describes the Wolfram Language functions provided by RLink. Functions related to the installation of RLink.
- [RLink User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/RLink/tutorial/UsingRLink.en.md): This guide will show you how to use RLink for communication between the Wolfram Language and R. RLink connects the Wolfram Language with one of the existing R distributions on your machine. Because RLink does not, by itself, carry out the R installation process, at least one R distribution should be pre-installed. If multiple R installations are present on the same machine, you will typically need to point RLink to the one you need to work with. Details on how to do that are provided below. ...

## Splines


### Guide Pages

- [Splines Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/guide/SplinesPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Bezier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/Bezier.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [CompositeBezier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/CompositeBezier.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [Cubic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/Cubic.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [RenderSpline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/RenderSpline.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [SplineDivision](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/SplineDivision.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [SplineDots](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/SplineDots.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [Spline](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/Spline.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [SplineFit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/SplineFit.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [SplineFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/SplineFunction.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>
- [SplinePoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Splines/ref/SplinePoints.en.md): As of Version 7.0, some of the functionality of the Splines Package is now built into the Wolfram Language kernel. >>

## StandardAtmosphere


### Guide Pages

- [Standard Atmosphere Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/guide/StandardAtmospherePackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [AtmosphericPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/AtmosphericPlot.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CollisionFrequency](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/CollisionFrequency.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DynamicViscosity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/DynamicViscosity.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [GravityAcceleration](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/GravityAcceleration.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [KinematicViscosity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/KinematicViscosity.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [KineticTemperature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/KineticTemperature.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MeanDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/MeanDensity.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MeanFreePath](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/MeanFreePath.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MeanMolecularWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/MeanMolecularWeight.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MeanParticleSpeed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/MeanParticleSpeed.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NumberDensity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/NumberDensity.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pressure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/Pressure.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PressureScaleHeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/PressureScaleHeight.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SoundSpeed](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/SoundSpeed.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ThermalConductivityCoefficient](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/ref/ThermalConductivityCoefficient.en.md): As of Version 10.0, standard atmosphere functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>

### Tutorials

- [Standard Atmosphere Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StandardAtmosphere/tutorial/StandardAtmosphere.en.md): Plotting an atmospheric property. This package provides support for plotting how US Standard Atmosphere properties vary with altitude. This loads the package.

## StatisticalPlots


### Guide Pages

- [Statistical Plots Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/guide/StatisticalPlotsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [BoxExtraSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxExtraSpacing.en.md): BoxExtraSpacing is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies spacing adjustments to be applied when plotting multiple boxes.
- [BoxFillingStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxFillingStyle.en.md): BoxFillingStyle is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies a color to be used in drawing the box.
- [BoxLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxLabels.en.md): BoxLabels is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies labels to be given for each of the datasets.
- [BoxLineStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxLineStyle.en.md): BoxLineStyle is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies styles to be applied to the lines drawn in the plot.
- [BoxMedianStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxMedianStyle.en.md): BoxMedianStyle is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies additional styles to be applied specifically to the median lines in the plot.
- [BoxOrientation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxOrientation.en.md): BoxOrientation is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies the orientation of the boxes.
- [BoxOutlierMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxOutlierMarkers.en.md): BoxOutlierMarkers is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies markers to be used for outliers.
- [BoxOutliers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxOutliers.en.md): BoxOutliers is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies the outliers to draw.
- [BoxQuantile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxQuantile.en.md): BoxQuantile is an option for BoxWhiskerPlot that specifies how far the box extends from the median.
- [BoxWhiskerPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/BoxWhiskerPlot.en.md): As of Version 8.0, BoxWhiskerPlot has been renamed to BoxWhiskerChart and is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [ColumnLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/ColumnLabels.en.md): ColumnLabels is an option for StemLeafPlot that specifies the labels for columns.
- [DataLabels](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/DataLabels.en.md): DataLabels is an option for PairwiseScatterPlot that specifies labels for each column of data.
- [DataRanges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/DataRanges.en.md): DataRanges is an option for PairwiseScatterPlot that specifies range limits for each column of data.
- [DataSpacing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/DataSpacing.en.md): DataSpacing is an option for PairwiseScatterPlot that specifies spacing between the subplots.
- [DataTicks](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/DataTicks.en.md): DataTicks is an option for PairwiseScatterPlot that specifies ticks to place on the plot for each column of data.
- [IncludeEmptyStems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/IncludeEmptyStems.en.md): IncludeEmptyStems is an option for StemLeafPlot that specifies whether stems with no leaves should be included in the plot.
- [IncludeStemCounts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/IncludeStemCounts.en.md): IncludeStemCounts is an option for StemLeafPlot that specifies whether a column of counts for each stem should be included.
- [IncludeStemUnits](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/IncludeStemUnits.en.md): IncludeStemUnits is an option for StemLeafPlot that specifies whether the units of the stems should be included with the plot.
- [Leaves](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/Leaves.en.md): Leaves is an option for StemLeafPlot that specifies how leaves should be displayed.
- [PairwiseScatterPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/PairwiseScatterPlot.en.md): PairwiseScatterPlot[m] creates a matrix of scatter plots comparing the data in each column of m against columns of m.
- [ParetoPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/ParetoPlot.en.md): ParetoPlot[list] creates a Pareto plot from the frequencies of the elements in list. ParetoPlot[{{cat1, freq1}, {cat2, freq2}, ...}] creates a Pareto plot from categories cati with frequencies freqi.
- [PlotDirection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/PlotDirection.en.md): PlotDirection is an option for PairwiseScatterPlot that specifies the direction in which scatter plots are generated.
- [QuantilePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/QuantilePlot.en.md): As of Version 8.0, QuantilePlot is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [ReferenceLineStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/ReferenceLineStyle.en.md): As of Version 8.0, ReferenceLineStyle is part of the built-in Wolfram Language kernel.
- [StemExponent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/StemExponent.en.md): StemExponent is an option for StemLeafPlot which specifies the integer power of 10 to be used as the stem unit.
- [StemLeafPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/ref/StemLeafPlot.en.md): StemLeafPlot[data] creates a stem-and-leaf plot for the real-valued vector data. StemLeafPlot[data1, data2] creates a side-by-side stem-and-leaf plot for the vectors data1 and data2.

### Tutorials

- [Statistical Plots Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/StatisticalPlots/tutorial/StatisticalPlots.en.md): A wide variety of plots and charts are used to gain an overview of data from a statistical perspective. Some summarize statistical computations on the data, while others compare data in ways that highlight its properties. This package implements several plotting functions of this class, including Pareto plots and stem-and-leaf plots. Histograms, bar charts, and pie charts are also commonly used in statistical applications, and are included in the Wolfram Language kernel. Basic ...

## SymbolicC


### Guide Pages

- [Symbolic Representation of C Code](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/guide/SymbolicC.en.md): The Wolfram Language's core tree-oriented symbolic structure makes it well suited to working with a hierarchical view of C code as Wolfram Language expressions. This supports the use of the Wolfram Language for the creation, manipulation, and optimization of C code. It is used extensively for the Wolfram Language's code generation tools. In addition, you can use SymbolicC for your own code manipulation purposes.

### Reference Pages

- [CAddress](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CAddress.en.md): CAddress[obj] is a symbolic representation of the address of an object.
- [CArray](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CArray.en.md): CArray[name, args] is a symbolic representation of an array.
- [CAssign](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CAssign.en.md): CAssign[lhs, rhs] is a symbolic representation of an assignment statement.
- [CBlock](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CBlock.en.md): CBlock[args] is a symbolic representation of a block of statements.
- [CBreak](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CBreak.en.md): CBreak[] is a symbolic representation of a break statement.
- [CCall](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CCall.en.md): CCall[fname, args] is a symbolic representation of a call to a function.
- [CCast](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CCast.en.md): CCast[type, obj] is a symbolic representation of a cast of obj to type.
- [CComment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CComment.en.md): CComment[text] is a symbolic representation of a comment. CComment[text, {pre, post}] includes text to add before and after the comment.
- [CConditional](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CConditional.en.md): CConditional[test, trueArg, falseArg] is a symbolic representation of an inline conditional expression.
- [CConstant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CConstant.en.md): CConstant[] is a symbolic representation of a constant.
- [CContinue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CContinue.en.md): CContinue[] is a symbolic representation of a continue statement.
- [CDeclare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CDeclare.en.md): CDeclare[type, var] is a symbolic representation of a variable declaration. CDeclare[type, {var1, ...}] declares a number of variables.
- [CDefault](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CDefault.en.md): CDefault[] is a symbolic representation of a default statement.
- [CDefine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CDefine.en.md): CDefine[def] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor define. CDefine[def, val] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor define with value val.
- [CDereference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CDereference.en.md): CDereference[obj] is a symbolic representation of the dereferencing of a pointer.
- [CDo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CDo.en.md): CDo[body, test] is a symbolic representation of a do/while statement.
- [CEnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CEnum.en.md): CEnum[members] is a symbolic representation of an enum statement.
- [CError](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CError.en.md): CError[line] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor error directive.
- [CExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CExpression.en.md): CExpression[arg] is a symbolic representation of code that will format using CForm[arg].
- [CFor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CFor.en.md): CFor[init, test, incr, body] is a symbolic representation of a for loop.
- [CFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CFunction.en.md): CFunction[type, name, args, body] is a symbolic representation of a function definition. CFunction[type, name, args] is a symbolic representation of a function declaration.
- [CGoto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CGoto.en.md): CGoto[label] is a symbolic representation of a goto statement.
- [CIf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CIf.en.md): CIf[test, trueArg, falseArg] is a symbolic representation of a conditional statement. CIf[test, trueArg] only has a branch if test is true.
- [CInclude](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CInclude.en.md): CInclude[header] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor include statement.
- [CLabel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CLabel.en.md): CLabel[label] is a symbolic representation of a label.
- [CLine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CLine.en.md): CLine[line] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor line directive.
- [CMember](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CMember.en.md): CMember[obj, mem] is a symbolic representation of access from a struct.
- [COperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/COperator.en.md): COperator[oper, { arg1, ... }] is a symbolic representation of an operator.
- [CParentheses](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CParentheses.en.md): CParentheses[symb] adds parentheses around an expression.
- [CPointerMember](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPointerMember.en.md): CPointerMember[obj, mem] is a symbolic representation of access from a pointer to a struct.
- [CPointerType](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPointerType.en.md): CPointerType[type] is a symbolic representation of a type that is a pointer to a type.
- [CPragma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPragma.en.md): CPragma[line] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor pragma directive.
- [CPreprocessorElif](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPreprocessorElif.en.md): CPreprocessorElif[cond] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor elif conditional.
- [CPreprocessorElse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPreprocessorElse.en.md): CPreprocessorElse[ ] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor else conditional.
- [CPreprocessorEndif](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPreprocessorEndif.en.md): CPreprocessorEndif[ ] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor endif conditional.
- [CPreprocessorIfdef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPreprocessorIfdef.en.md): CPreprocessorIfdef[cond] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor ifdef conditional. CPreprocessorIfdef[cond, true, false] represents the true and false cases.
- [CPreprocessorIf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPreprocessorIf.en.md): CPreprocessorIf[cond] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor if conditional. CPreprocessorIf[cond, true, false] represents the true and false cases.
- [CPreprocessorIfndef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CPreprocessorIfndef.en.md): CPreprocessorIfndef[cond] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor ifndef conditional. CPreprocessorIfndef[cond, true, false] represents the true and false cases.
- [CProgram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CProgram.en.md): CProgram[args] is a symbolic representation of an entire program.
- [CReturn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CReturn.en.md): CReturn[ ] is a symbolic representation of a return from a function. CReturn[arg] returns the argument arg.
- [CSizeOf](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CSizeOf.en.md): CSizeOf[obj] is a symbolic representation of a sizeof expression.
- [CStandardMathOperator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CStandardMathOperator.en.md): CStandardMathOperator[oper, args] is a symbolic representation of a standard math operator.
- [CStatement](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CStatement.en.md): CStatement[obj] is a symbolic representation of a statement.
- [CString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CString.en.md): CString[string] is a symbolic representation of a string expression.
- [CStruct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CStruct.en.md): CStruct[name, members] is a symbolic representation of a struct. CStruct[name] declares a struct without specifying the contents. CStruct[None, members] does not give the struct a name.
- [CSwitch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CSwitch.en.md): CSwitch[cond, statements, ...] is a symbolic representation of a switch statement.
- [CTypedef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CTypedef.en.md): CTypedef[type, var] is a symbolic representation of a type declaration.
- [CUndef](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CUndef.en.md): CUndef[def] is a symbolic representation of a preprocessor undef.
- [CUnion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CUnion.en.md): CUnion[name, members] is a symbolic representation of a union. CUnion[name] declares a union without specifying the contents. CUnion[None, members] does not give the union a name.
- [CWhile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/CWhile.en.md): CWhile[test, body] is a symbolic representation of a while statement.
- [ToCCodeString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/ref/ToCCodeString.en.md): ToCCodeString[symbolicC] generates a string of C code from a symbolic C expression.

### Tutorials

- [Formatting](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/Formatting.en.md): SymbolicC provides automated formatting of the generated C output. This section reviews some of the ways that you can work with formatting to create your own styles of output. Atomic input such as variables or numbers can be passed in as typical Wolfram Language input or as a string. First, you need to load the package.
- [C Functions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/Functions.en.md): SymbolicC supports working with C functions, as described in this section. First, you need to load the package. Now, you can create a C function with CFunction.
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): The Wolfram Language's core tree-oriented symbolic structure makes it well suited to working with a hierarchical view of C code as Wolfram Language expressions. This supports the use of the Wolfram Language for the creation, manipulation, and optimization of C code. It is used extensively for the Wolfram Language's code generation tools. In addition, you can use SymbolicC for your own code manipulation purposes. To use SymbolicC you first need to load the package.
- [C Operators](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/Operators.en.md): SymbolicC supports the various types of C operators. These are described in this section. First, you need to load the package. The following shows how to output to get infix multiplication.
- [SymbolicC User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/Overview.en.md): The Wolfram Language's core tree-oriented symbolic structure makes it well suited to working with a hierarchical view of C code as Wolfram Language expressions. This supports the use of the Wolfram Language for the creation, manipulation, and optimization of C code. It is used extensively for the Wolfram Language's code generation tools. In addition, you can use SymbolicC for your own code manipulation purposes. Introduction Formatting
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/Reference.en.md): This section includes reference material on SymbolicC functionality. C expressions. Grouping constructs to hold entire statements.
- [The C Preprocessor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/SymbolicC/tutorial/TheCPreprocessor.en.md): SymbolicC has a number of functions for working with the C preprocessor. These allow you to set up including header files, defining macros, as well as setting up conditional compilation. First, you need to load the package. Now you can include a header file with CInclude.

## TetGenLink


### Guide Pages

- [TetGenLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/guide/TetGenLink.en.md): TetGen is a quality tetrahedral mesh generator and a three-dimensional Delaunay triangulator. TetGenLink is a Wolfram System application that uses Wolfram LibraryLink to link to TetGen functions. It is used automatically by the Wolfram Language for various operations, such as interpolation in three-dimensional domains. However, it can also be used directly where it gives a flexible and innovative way to use the functionality of TetGen.

### Reference Pages

- [TetGenConvexHull](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenConvexHull.en.md): TetGenConvexHull[points] generates a convex hull for a 3D point set.
- [TetGenCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenCreate.en.md): TetGenCreate[] creates an instance of a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenDelaunay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenDelaunay.en.md): TetGenDelaunay[points] generates a Delaunay tetrahedralization for a 3D point set.
- [TetGenDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenDelete.en.md): TetGenDelete[expr] removes an instance of a TetGen expression, freeing up memory.
- [TetGenDetectIntersectingFacets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenDetectIntersectingFacets.en.md): TetGenDetectIntersectingFacets[points, facets] returns a list of points and intersecting facets.
- [TetGenExport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenExport.en.md): TetGenExport[file StyleBox[\.\, \TI\] ext, expr] exports data from a TetGen expression into a file. TetGenExport[file, expr,  format] exports data in the specified format.
- [TetGenExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenExpression.en.md): TetGenExpression[id] represents an instance of a TetGen object.
- [TetGenExpressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenExpressions.en.md): TetGenExpressions[] returns a list of active TetGen expressions.
- [TetGenGetEdges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetEdges.en.md): TetGenGetEdges[expr] gets the edges in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetElementAttributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetElementAttributes.en.md): TetGenGetElementAttributes[expr] gets the element attributes in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetElements.en.md): TetGenGetElements[expr] gets the elements in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetFaceMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetFaceMarkers.en.md): TetGenGetFaceMarkers[expr] returns the face markers for a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetFaces](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetFaces.en.md): TetGenGetFaces[expr] gets the faces in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetFacetHoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetFacetHoles.en.md): TetGenGetFacetHoles[expr] gets the holes in the facets.
- [TetGenGetFacetMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetFacetMarkers.en.md): TetGenGetFacetMarkers[expr] returns the facet markers for a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetFacets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetFacets.en.md): TetGenGetFacets[expr] returns the facets for a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetHoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetHoles.en.md): TetGenGetHoles[expr] returns the holes in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetNeighbors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetNeighbors.en.md): TetGenGetNeighbors[expr] gets the neighbors in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetPointMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetPointMarkers.en.md): TetGenGetPointMarkers[expr] returns the point markers in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetPoints.en.md): TetGenGetPoints[expr] returns the points in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenGetRegions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenGetRegions.en.md): TetGenGetRegions[expr] returns the regions in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenImport](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenImport.en.md): TetGenImport[file.ext, expr] imports data from a file into a TetGen expression. TetGenImport[file, expr, format] imports data in the specified format.
- [TetGenSetFacetHoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetFacetHoles.en.md): TetGenSetFacetHoles[expr, holes] sets the holes in the facets.
- [TetGenSetFacetMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetFacetMarkers.en.md): TetGenSetFacetMarkers[expr, vertices] sets the facet markers for a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenSetFacets](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetFacets.en.md): TetGenSetFacets[expr, vertices] sets the facets for a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenSetHoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetHoles.en.md): TetGenSetHoles[expr, points] sets the holes in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenSetMessages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetMessages.en.md): TetGenSetMessages[True | False] enables or disables the issuing of messages from TetGen.
- [TetGenSetPointMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetPointMarkers.en.md): TetGenSetPointMarkers[expr, markers] sets the point markers in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenSetPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetPoints.en.md): TetGenSetPoints[expr, points] sets the points in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenSetRegions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetRegions.en.md): TetGenSetRegions[expr, pts, index, attrs] sets the regions in a TetGen expression.
- [TetGenSetTetrahedraVolumes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenSetTetrahedraVolumes.en.md): TetGenSetTetrahedraVolumes[expr, volumes] constrains tetrahedra volumes for refinement.
- [TetGenTetrahedralize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/TetGenTetrahedralize.en.md): TetGenTetrahedralize[expr, settings] tetrahedralizes a TetGen expression using settings and returns the result in a new TetGen expression.
- [$TetGenInstallationDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/$TetGenInstallationDirectory.en.md): $TetGenInstallationDirectory gives the top-level directory in which your TetGen installation resides.
- [$TetGenLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/$TetGenLibrary.en.md): $TetGenLibrary is the full path to the TetGen library loaded by TetGenLink.
- [$TetGenVersion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/ref/$TetGenVersion.en.md): $TetGenVersion gives the version number of the TetGen library.

### Tutorials

- [Application Structure](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/tutorial/ApplicationStructure.en.md): TetGenLink is a Wolfram System application that makes the functions of TetGen available to the Wolfram Language. This is done with Wolfram LibraryLink, which allows TetGen to be used in a high-speed and low-memory fashion. This section will examine the details of how LibraryLink is used. TetGen itself is written in C++. Its source code can be obtained from the TetGen website (http://tetgen.org). The Wolfram Language uses Version 1.4.3. The interface code is written in a mixture of C++ and the ...
- [File Formats](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/tutorial/FileFormats.en.md): There are a number of file formats for working with meshes. They are useful since they can be used as interchange formats between CAD programs. Some of these are supported by TetGen and some by the Wolfram Language. This section reviews the formats that are supported and shows how you can work with them. TetGen supports its own formats and also some standard formats. More information on the details of its formats and samples can be found on the TetGen website (http://tetgen.org). The following ...
- [Introduction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): TetGen is a quality tetrahedral mesh generator and a three-dimensional Delaunay triangulator. It is used by the Wolfram Language for various operations, such as interpolation in three-dimensional convex domains. TetGenLink is a Wolfram System application that makes the functions of TetGen available to the Wolfram Language. This is done with Wolfram LibraryLink, which allows TetGen to be used in a high-speed and low-memory fashion. TetGenLink is used automatically by other Wolfram Language ...
- [TetGenLink User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): TetGen is a quality tetrahedral mesh generator and a three-dimensional Delaunay triangulator. TetGenLink TetGen is a Wolfram System application that uses Wolfram LibraryLink to link to TetGen functions. It is used automatically by the Wolfram Language for various operations, such as interpolation in three-dimensional domains. However, it can also be used directly where it gives a flexible and innovative way to use the functionality of TetGen. Introduction Using TetGenLink
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/tutorial/Reference.en.md): TetGen is created by Hang Si, Research Group: Numerical Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics (WIAS), Berlin. More information can be found at http://tetgen.org. This describes the Wolfram Language functions provided by TetGenLink. Functions for working with TetGen expressions.
- [Using TetGenLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TetGenLink/tutorial/UsingTetGenLink.en.md): This section shows some of the ways that TetGenLink can be applied. To use TetGenLink, it must first be loaded. Next, some random points are generated and displayed.

## TriangleLink


### Guide Pages

- [TriangleLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/guide/TriangleLink.en.md): Triangle is a quality triangle mesh generator. TriangleLink is a Wolfram System application that uses Wolfram LibraryLink to link to Triangle functions. It is used automatically by the Wolfram Language for various operations, such as interpolation in two-dimensional domains. However, it can also be used directly where it gives a flexible and innovative way to use the functionality of Triangle.

### Reference Pages

- [TriangleConvexHull](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleConvexHull.en.md): TriangleConvexHull[points] generates a convex hull for a 2D point set.
- [TriangleCreate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleCreate.en.md): TriangleCreate[] creates an instance of a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleDelaunay](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleDelaunay.en.md): TriangleDelaunay[points] generates a Delaunay triangulation for a 2D point set.
- [TriangleDelete](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleDelete.en.md): TriangleDelete[] removes an instance of a Triangle expression, freeing up memory.
- [TriangleExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleExpression.en.md): TriangleExpression[id] represents an instance of a Triangle object.
- [TriangleExpressions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleExpressions.en.md): TriangleExpressions[] returns a list of active Triangle expressions.
- [TriangleGetElementAttributes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetElementAttributes.en.md): TriangleGetElementAttributes[expr] gets the element attributes in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetElements](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetElements.en.md): TriangleGetElements[expr] gets the elements in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetHoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetHoles.en.md): TriangleGetHoles[expr] returns the holes in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetNeighbors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetNeighbors.en.md): TriangleGetNeighbors[expr] gets the neighbors in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetPointMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetPointMarkers.en.md): TriangleGetPointMarkers[expr] returns the point markers in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetPoints.en.md): TriangleGetPoints[expr] returns the points in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetRegions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetRegions.en.md): TriangleGetRegions[expr] returns the regions in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetSegmentMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetSegmentMarkers.en.md): TriangleGetSegmentMarkers[expr] returns the segment markers for a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleGetSegments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleGetSegments.en.md): TriangleGetSegments[expr] returns the segment for a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetHoles](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetHoles.en.md): TriangleSetHoles[expr, points] sets the holes in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetPointMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetPointMarkers.en.md): TriangleSetPointMarkers[expr, markers] sets the point markers in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetPoints.en.md): TriangleSetPoints[TraditionalForm\\`expr, points] sets the points in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetRegions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetRegions.en.md): TriangleSetRegions[expr, pts, index, attrs] sets the regions in a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetSegmentMarkers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetSegmentMarkers.en.md): TriangleSetSegmentMarkers[expr, markers] sets the segment markers for a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetSegments](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetSegments.en.md): TriangleSetSegments[expr] sets the segments for a Triangle expression.
- [TriangleSetTriangleAreas](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleSetTriangleAreas.en.md): TriangleSetTriangleAreas[expr, areas] constrains triangle areas for refinement.
- [TriangleTriangulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/TriangleTriangulate.en.md): TriangleTriangulate[expr, settings] triangulates a Triangle expression using settings and returns the result in a new Triangle expression.
- [$TriangleInstallationDirectory](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/$TriangleInstallationDirectory.en.md): $TriangleInstallationDirectory gives the top-level directory in which your Triangle installation resides.
- [$TriangleLibrary](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/ref/$TriangleLibrary.en.md): $TriangleLibrary is the full path to the Triangle library loaded by TriangleLink.

### Tutorials

- [TriangleLink User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Triangle is a quality triangle mesh generator. TriangleLink is a Wolfram System application that uses Wolfram LibraryLink to link to Triangle functions. It is used automatically by the Wolfram Language for various operations, such as interpolation in two-dimensional domains. However, it can also be used directly where it gives a flexible and innovative way to use the functionality of Triangle. Using TriangleLink Reference
- [Reference](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/tutorial/Reference.en.md): Triangle was created by Jonathan R. Shewchuk, Research Group: Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1776. More information can be found at Triangle. This describes the Wolfram Language functions provided by TriangleLink. Functions for working with Triangle expressions.
- [TriangleLink Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/tutorial/TriangleLinkOverview.en.md): Reference
- [Using TriangleLink](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/TriangleLink/tutorial/UsingTriangleLink.en.md): This section shows some of the ways that TriangleLink can be applied. To use TriangleLink, it must first be loaded. Next, some random points are generated and displayed.

## Units


### Guide Pages

- [Units Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/guide/UnitsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Abampere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abampere.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Abcoulomb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abcoulomb.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Abfarad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abfarad.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Abhenry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abhenry.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Abmho](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abmho.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Abohm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abohm.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Abvolt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Abvolt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Acre](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Acre.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Amp](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Amp.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ampere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Ampere.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AMU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AMU.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Angstrom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Angstrom.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Apostilb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Apostilb.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ArcMinute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ArcMinute.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ArcSecond](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ArcSecond.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Are](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Are.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AssayTon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AssayTon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AstronomicalUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AstronomicalUnit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Atmosphere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Atmosphere.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AtomicMassUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AtomicMassUnit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Atto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Atto.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AU.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AvoirdupoisOunce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AvoirdupoisOunce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [AvoirdupoisPound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/AvoirdupoisPound.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bag](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bag.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BakersDozen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/BakersDozen.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bale](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bale.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bar.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Barn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Barn.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Barrel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Barrel.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Barye](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Barye.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Baud](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Baud.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Becquerel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Becquerel.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Biot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Biot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BoardFoot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/BoardFoot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BohrMagneton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/BohrMagneton.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bolt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bolt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BritishThermalUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/BritishThermalUnit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [BTU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/BTU.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bucket](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bucket.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bushel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Bushel.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Butt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Butt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Cable.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Caliber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Caliber.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Calorie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Calorie.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Candela](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Candela.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Candle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Candle.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Carat](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Carat.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Celsius](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Celsius.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cental](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Cental.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Centi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Centi.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Centigrade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Centigrade.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Centimeter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Centimeter.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Century](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Century.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CGS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/CGS.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Chain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Chain.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ChevalVapeur](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ChevalVapeur.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cicero](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Cicero.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Convert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Convert.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ConvertTemperature](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ConvertTemperature.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cord](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Cord.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Coulomb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Coulomb.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cubit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Cubit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Curie](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Curie.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Dalton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Dalton.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Day](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Day.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Decade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Decade.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Deca](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Deca.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Deci](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Deci.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Denier](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Denier.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Didot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Didot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DidotPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/DidotPoint.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Diopter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Diopter.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Dozen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Dozen.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Drachma](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Drachma.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Dyne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Dyne.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ElectronVolt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ElectronVolt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Ell.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ephah](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Ephah.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Erg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Erg.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Exa](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Exa.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Fahrenheit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Fahrenheit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Farad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Farad.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Fathom](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Fathom.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Feet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Feet.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Femto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Femto.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Fermi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Fermi.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Fifth](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Fifth.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Firkin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Firkin.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [FluidDram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/FluidDram.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [FluidOunce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/FluidOunce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [FootCandle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/FootCandle.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Foot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Foot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Fortnight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Fortnight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Furlong](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Furlong.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gallon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gallon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gauss](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gauss.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Geepound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Geepound.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Giga](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Giga.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gilbert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gilbert.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gill](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gill.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Grade](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Grade.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Grain](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Grain.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gram.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [GramWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/GramWeight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gravity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gravity.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [GrayDose](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/GrayDose.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Gross](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Gross.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [GrossHundredweight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/GrossHundredweight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hand](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hand.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hectare](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hectare.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hecto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hecto.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hefner](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hefner.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Henry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Henry.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hertz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hertz.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hogshead](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hogshead.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Horsepower](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Horsepower.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hour](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hour.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Hundredweight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Hundredweight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ImperialGallon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ImperialGallon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ImperialPint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ImperialPint.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Inch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Inch.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [InchMercury](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/InchMercury.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Jeroboam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Jeroboam.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Jigger](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Jigger.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Joule](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Joule.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Kayser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Kayser.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Kelvin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Kelvin.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Kilo](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Kilo.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Kilogram](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Kilogram.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [KilogramForce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/KilogramForce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [KilogramWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/KilogramWeight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Knot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Knot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Lambert](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Lambert.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [League](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/League.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Libra](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Libra.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [LightYear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/LightYear.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Link](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Link.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Liter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Liter.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [LongTon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/LongTon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Lumen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Lumen.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Lumerg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Lumerg.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Lux](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Lux.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Magnum](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Magnum.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Maxwell](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Maxwell.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mega](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Mega.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Meter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Meter.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MetricTon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/MetricTon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mho](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Mho.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Micro](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Micro.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Micron](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Micron.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Mile.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mil](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Mil.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Millennium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Millennium.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Milli](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Milli.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MillimeterMercury](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/MillimeterMercury.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mina](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Mina.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Minim](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Minim.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Minute](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Minute.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [MKS](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/MKS.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Mole.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Month](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Month.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Nano](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Nano.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NauticalMile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/NauticalMile.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NetHundredweight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/NetHundredweight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Newton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Newton.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Nibble](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Nibble.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Nit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Nit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Noggin](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Noggin.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [NuclearMagneton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/NuclearMagneton.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Obolos](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Obolos.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Oersted](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Oersted.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ohm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Ohm.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Omer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Omer.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ounce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Ounce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Parsec](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Parsec.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pascal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pascal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Peck](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Peck.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pennyweight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pennyweight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Percent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Percent.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Perch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Perch.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Peta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Peta.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Phot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Phot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pica](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pica.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pico](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pico.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pint.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Poise](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Poise.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pole](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pole.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pondus](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pondus.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pony](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pony.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Poundal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Poundal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Pound.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PoundForce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/PoundForce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PoundsPerSquareInch](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/PoundsPerSquareInch.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PoundWeight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/PoundWeight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PrintersPoint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/PrintersPoint.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [PSI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/PSI.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Puncheon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Puncheon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Quadrant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Quadrant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Quart](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Quart.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Quintal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Quintal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rad.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Radian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Radian.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rankine](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rankine.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [RegisterTon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/RegisterTon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Reyn](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Reyn.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rhes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rhes.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [RightAngle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/RightAngle.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rod](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rod.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Roentgen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Roentgen.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rontgen](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rontgen.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rood](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rood.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rope](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rope.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rutherford](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rutherford.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rydberg](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Rydberg.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Seam](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Seam.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Second](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Second.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Section](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Section.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Shekel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Shekel.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ShortHundredweight](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ShortHundredweight.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ShortTon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/ShortTon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Shot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Shot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SiderealSecond](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/SiderealSecond.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SiderealYear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/SiderealYear.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Siemens](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Siemens.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SI](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/SI.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Skein](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Skein.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Slug](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Slug.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SolarMass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/SolarMass.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stadion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stadion.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stadium](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stadium.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Statampere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Statampere.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Statcoulomb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Statcoulomb.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Statfarad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Statfarad.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stathenry](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stathenry.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Statohm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Statohm.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [StatuteMile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/StatuteMile.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Statvolt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Statvolt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Steradian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Steradian.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stere](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stere.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stilb](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stilb.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stokes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stokes.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Stone](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Stone.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SurveyMile](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/SurveyMile.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Tablespoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Tablespoon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Talbot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Talbot.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Talent](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Talent.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Teaspoon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Teaspoon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Tera](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Tera.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Tesla](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Tesla.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Therm](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Therm.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ton](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Ton.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [TonForce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/TonForce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Tonne](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Tonne.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Torr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Torr.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Township](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Township.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [TropicalYear](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/TropicalYear.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [TroyOunce](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/TroyOunce.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Tun](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Tun.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [UKGallon](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/UKGallon.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [UKPint](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/UKPint.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Volt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Volt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Watt](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Watt.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Weber](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Weber.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Week](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Week.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Wey](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Wey.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [WineBottle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/WineBottle.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [XUnit](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/XUnit.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Yard](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Yard.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Year](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Year.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Yocto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Yocto.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Yotta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Yotta.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Zepto](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Zepto.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Zetta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/ref/Zetta.en.md): As of Version 9.0, unit functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>

### Tutorials

- [Units Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Units/tutorial/Units.en.md): There are many systems of units. The particular set of units that is used depends on factors as various as the field of study and the author's country of origin. The function Convert provides conversion between different units. Converting units. This loads the package.

## VariationalMethods


### Guide Pages

- [Variational Methods Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/guide/VariationalMethodsPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [EulerEquations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/ref/EulerEquations.en.md): EulerEquations[f, u[x ], x] returns the Euler-Lagrange differential equation obeyed by u[x] derived from the functional f, where f depends on the function u[x] and its derivatives, as well as the independent variable x. EulerEquations[f, u[x, y, ...], {x, y, ...}] returns the Euler-Lagrange differential equation obeyed by u[x, y, ...]. EulerEquations[f, {u[x, y, ...], v[x, y, ...], ...}, {x, y, ...}] returns a list of Euler-Lagrange differential equations obeyed by u[x, y, ...], v[x, y, ...], ...
- [FirstIntegral](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/ref/FirstIntegral.en.md): FirstIntegral[u] represents a first integral associated with the variable u in the output of the function FirstIntegrals.
- [FirstIntegrals](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/ref/FirstIntegrals.en.md): FirstIntegrals[f, x[t], t] returns a list of first integrals corresponding to the coordinate x[t] and independent variable t of the integrand f. FirstIntegrals[f, {x[t], y[t], ...}, t] returns a list of first integrals corresponding to the coordinates x, y, ... and independent variable t.
- [NVariationalBound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/ref/NVariationalBound.en.md): NVariationalBound[f, u[x ], {x, xmin, xmax}, ut, {a, a0}, {b, b0}, ...] numerically searches for values of the parameters a, b, ... of a trial function ut, starting from a = a0, b = b0, ..., that extremize the functional \\[Integral]_xmin^xmaxf \\ \\[DifferentialD]x, where the integrand f is a function of u, its derivatives, and x. NVariationalBound[f, u[x, y, ...], {{x, xmin, xmax}, ...}, ut, {a, a0}, {b, b0}, ...] searches for values of the parameters of a trial function of two or more ...
- [VariationalBound](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/ref/VariationalBound.en.md): VariationalBound[f, u[x ], {x, xmin, xmax}, ut, {a}, {b}, ...] finds values of the parameters a, b, ... of a trial function ut that extremize the functional \\[Integral]_xmin^xmaxf \\ \\[DifferentialD]x, where the integrand f is a function of u, its derivatives, and x. VariationalBound[f, u[x, y, ...], {{x, xmin, xmax}, {y, ymin, ymax}, ...}, ut, {a}, {b}, ...] finds values of the parameters of a trial function of two or more variables. VariationalBound[{f, g}, u[x], {x, xmin, xmax}, ut, {a}, ...
- [VariationalD](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/ref/VariationalD.en.md): VariationalD[f, u[x ], x] returns the variational derivative of the integral \\[Integral]f \\[DifferentialD]x with respect to u[x], where the integrand f is a function of u, its derivatives, and x. VariationalD[f, u[x, y, ...], {x, y, ...}] returns the variational derivative of the multiple integral \\[Integral]f \\[DifferentialD]x \\[DifferentialD]y ... with respect to u[x, y, ...], where f is a function of u, its derivatives, and the coordinates x, y, ... . VariationalD[f, {u[x, y, ...], ...

### Tutorials

- [Variational Methods](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VariationalMethods/tutorial/VariationalMethods.en.md): The basic problem of the calculus of variations is to determine the function u(x) that extremizes a functional F==\\[Integral]_SubscriptBox[x^StyleBox[min, FontSlant -> Italic], SubscriptBox[x, StyleBox[max, FontSlant -> Italic]]]f[u(x),u^\\[Prime](x),x]\\[DifferentialD]x. In general, there can be more than one independent variable and the integrand f can depend on several functions and their higher derivatives. The extremal functions are solutions of the Euler(-Lagrange) equations that ...

## VectorAnalysis


### Guide Pages

- [Coordinate Systems](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/guide/CoordinateSystems.en.md): 
- [Vector Analysis Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/guide/VectorAnalysisPackage.en.md): Frequently, physical systems exhibit special symmetries or structures that make a particular coordinate system especially useful. In a mathematically elegant solution to problems related to these systems, often the main step is choosing the correct coordinates. A variety of tools for doing calculus in various three-dimensional coordinate systems are provided in this package.

### Reference Pages

- [ArcLengthFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ArcLengthFactor.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Biharmonic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Biharmonic.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bipolar](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Bipolar.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Bispherical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Bispherical.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cartesian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Cartesian.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ConfocalEllipsoidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ConfocalEllipsoidal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ConfocalParaboloidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ConfocalParaboloidal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Conical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Conical.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CoordinateRanges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/CoordinateRanges.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Coordinates.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CoordinatesFromCartesian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/CoordinatesFromCartesian.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CoordinatesToCartesian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/CoordinatesToCartesian.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CoordinateSystem](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/CoordinateSystem.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [CrossProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/CrossProduct.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Curl](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Curl.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Cylindrical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Cylindrical.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Div](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Div.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [DotProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/DotProduct.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Eeta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Eeta.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [EllipticCylindrical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/EllipticCylindrical.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Grad](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Grad.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [JacobianDeterminant](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/JacobianDeterminant.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [JacobianMatrix](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/JacobianMatrix.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Laplacian](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Laplacian.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Llambda](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Llambda.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Mmu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Mmu.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Nnu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Nnu.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [OblateSpheroidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/OblateSpheroidal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ParabolicCylindrical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ParabolicCylindrical.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Paraboloidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Paraboloidal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ParameterRanges](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ParameterRanges.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Parameters](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Parameters.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Pphi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Pphi.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ProlateSpheroidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ProlateSpheroidal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Rr](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Rr.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ScalarTripleProduct](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ScalarTripleProduct.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [ScaleFactors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/ScaleFactors.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [SetCoordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/SetCoordinates.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Spherical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Spherical.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Toroidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Toroidal.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Ttheta](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Ttheta.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Uu](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Uu.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Vv](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Vv.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Xx](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Xx.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Xxi](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Xxi.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Yy](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Yy.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>
- [Zz](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/ref/Zz.en.md): As of Version 9.0, vector analysis functionality is built into the Wolfram Language >>

### Tutorials

- [Vector Analysis Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorAnalysis/tutorial/VectorAnalysis.en.md): A three-dimensional coordinate system assigns three numbers to each point in space. In defining a coordinate system, you have to make a choice about what to measure and how to measure it. Frequently, physical systems exhibit special symmetries or structures that make a particular coordinate system especially useful. In a mathematically elegant solution to problems related to these systems, often the main step is choosing the correct coordinates. A variety of tools for doing calculus in various ...

## VectorFieldPlots


### Guide Pages

- [Vector Field Plotting Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/guide/VectorFieldPlottingPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [GradientFieldPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/GradientFieldPlot3D.en.md): As of Version 7.0, GradientFieldPlot3D has been superseded by VectorPlot3D.
- [GradientFieldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/GradientFieldPlot.en.md): As of Version 7.0, GradientFieldPlot has been superseded by VectorPlot.
- [HamiltonianFieldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/HamiltonianFieldPlot.en.md): As of Version 7.0, HamiltonianFieldPlot has been superseded by VectorPlot.
- [ListVectorFieldPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/ListVectorFieldPlot3D.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ListVectorFieldPlot3D has been superseded by ListVectorPlot3D.
- [ListVectorFieldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/ListVectorFieldPlot.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ListVectorFieldPlot has been superseded by ListVectorPlot.
- [MaxArrowLength](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/MaxArrowLength.en.md): As of Version 7.0, MaxArrowLength has been superseded by VectorScale.
- [PolyaFieldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/PolyaFieldPlot.en.md): As of Version 7.0, PolyaFieldPlot has been superseded by VectorPlot.
- [ScaleFactor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/ScaleFactor.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ScaleFactor has been superseded by VectorScale.
- [ScaleFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/ScaleFunction.en.md): As of Version 7.0, ScaleFunction has been superseded by VectorScale.
- [VectorFieldPlot3D](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/VectorFieldPlot3D.en.md): As of Version 7.0, VectorFieldPlot3D has been superseded by VectorPlot3D.
- [VectorFieldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/VectorFieldPlot.en.md): As of Version 7.0, VectorFieldPlot has been superseded by VectorPlot.
- [VectorHeads](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/VectorFieldPlots/ref/VectorHeads.en.md): As of Version 7.0, VectorHeads has been superseded by VectorStyle.

## WebServices


### Guide Pages

- [Web Service Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/guide/WebServiceOperations.en.md): The web services client for the Wolfram Language allows users to call operations that are based remotely on other platforms or languages that are not immediately accessible to the Wolfram Language. This opens up a whole new realm of functionality and data to users of the Wolfram Language, such as applications enhanced by technologies like XML and HTTP.

### Reference Pages

- [FromServiceResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/FromServiceResponse.en.md): FromServiceResponse[response] converts a response message into a Wolfram Language expression.
- [InstallServiceOperation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/InstallServiceOperation.en.md): InstallServiceOperation[name, endpoint, arguments, headers] creates a function for the web service operation using the end point, arguments, and options.
- [InvokeServiceOperation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/InvokeServiceOperation.en.md): InvokeServiceOperation[url, request] invokes a web service operation using the request message request. The message is sent to the end point specified in  url. InvokeServiceOperation[symbol, parameters] builds a request message using parameters and invokes a web service operation using the request message and information linked with symbol. InvokeServiceOperation[symbol, request] invokes a web service operation using the request message request and information linked with symbol.
- [ToServiceRequest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/ToServiceRequest.en.md): ToServiceRequest[parameters, headers] builds a request message using input provided in the parameters.
- [$InstalledServices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/$InstalledServices.en.md): $InstalledServices is a list of the installed web service operations.
- [$PrintServiceRequest](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/$PrintServiceRequest.en.md): $PrintServiceRequest uses the Wolfram Language Print function to print the message sent to a web service.
- [$PrintServiceResponse](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/$PrintServiceResponse.en.md): $PrintServiceResponse uses the Wolfram Language Print function to print the message received from a web service before it is deserialized into a Rule syntax expression.
- [$PrintShortErrorMessages](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/$PrintShortErrorMessages.en.md): $PrintShortErrorMessages specifies whether error messages from the web service operations will be shortened for the user to avoid long, intimidating error messages.
- [$PrintWSDLDebug](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/ref/$PrintWSDLDebug.en.md): $PrintWSDLDebug specifies whether WSDL debugging information will be printed when installing a web service.

### Tutorials

- [Advanced Topics in Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/AdvancedTopics.en.md): Sometimes it is useful to work directly with the request message that is sent to a web service. This message may be retrieved using the ToServiceRequest function. ToServiceRequest is called by providing a web service function as the first parameter and its parameters as the additional parameters. The function will not invoke the web service operation. Rather the function will return the symbolic XML representation of the request message that would generally be sent to the web service. A user ...
- [Amazon Web Services Example](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/AmazonExample.en.md): Amazon.com is a well-known web retailer that specializes in books, music, movies, and many other products. Amazon has made a web service available that allows developers to interface with their database of products. A user can search for specific products, authors, artists, and so on. A query will return information (price, description, location, and so on) about the products that are found. This example demonstrates a Wolfram Language interface to the Amazon web service. The Amazon web ...
- [Basic Examples of Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/BasicExamples.en.md): Often a web service requires using data other than a simple string. This data could be something simple like an integer or a real. Often the data is more complex and is a combination of simple data types. This example demonstrates how to use different data types. For each of the examples, the usage message may be used to determine the data types used by a web service. Simple data types are the easiest data types to use in Web Services Link. Wolfram Language users should be familiar with the ...
- [Getting Started with Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/GettingStarted.en.md): Web Services Link is a Wolfram System add-on application. Before any functions from the package can be used, it must be loaded as follows. InstallService will install the web service operations defined by a supplied WSDL as Wolfram Language functions. The functions created are returned in a list. The functions created by InstallService are placed in a context based on the service name and port name specified by the WSDL. A user can change this context by supplying a valid Wolfram Language ...
- [Google Web Services Example](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/GoogleExample.en.md): Google.com is a well-known web search engine. Google has made a web service available that allows developers to interface with their search engine within their own applications. A user can search for any topic on the web. A query will return data about the web pages that are found. This example demonstrates a Wolfram Language interface to the Google web service. The Google web service provides a good demonstration of the use of web services to retrieve data. This example searches the Google ...
- [Introduction to Web Services](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/Introduction.en.md): The World Wide Web is increasingly being used for communication between applications. The programmatic interfaces made available over the web for application-to-application communication are often referred to as web services. There are many types of applications that can be considered web services but interoperability between applications is enhanced most by the use of familiar technologies such as XML and HTTP. These technologies allow applications using differing languages and platforms to ...
- [Web Services User Guide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Introduction Getting Started Basic Examples
- [TerraService Web Services Example](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/TerraServiceExample.en.md): TerraService.net is a website that provides access to aerial imagery and topographical maps of the United States. A web service has been provided that allows developers to access this data. Developers can use this data to provide maps and aerial imagery in their applications. This allows users of the Wolfram Language to use this data in the Wolfram Language. This example demonstrates an interface to TerraService using GUIKit and the Wolfram Language. Microsoft TerraServer Web Service is a ...
- [XMethods Web Services Example](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WebServices/tutorial/XMethodsExample.en.md): XMethods.com is a website that lists publicly available web services. It is a great place for finding web services and advertising web services that you provide. This example queries the XMethods database and builds a notebook listing of each web service listed on XMethods. Each web service is listed with the title, description, and an InstallService function that can be used to install and use a service. This example demonstrates using the XMethods Query Service to discover and use many of ...

## Wolfram


### AgentTools


#### Guide Pages

- [Agent Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/guide/AgentTools.en.md): 

#### Reference Pages

- [CreateMCPServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/CreateMCPServer.en.md): CreateMCPServer[name] creates an MCP server based on the current $LLMEvaluator. CreateMCPServer[name, config] creates an MCP server from the LLMConfiguration specified by config.
- [InstallMCPServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/InstallMCPServer.en.md): InstallMCPServer[application] installs a predefined Wolfram MCP server for the specified application. InstallMCPServer[application, server] installs the MCPServerObject specified by server. InstallMCPServer[File[...], server] installs the MCP server to the specified file. InstallMCPServer[{ application, directory}, server] installs the MCP server for a project contained in directory.
- [MCPServerObject](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/MCPServerObject.en.md): MCPServerObject[name] retrieves the MCP server with the given name. MCPServerObject[...][propery] gives the specified property of the MCP server.
- [MCPServerObjectQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/MCPServerObjectQ.en.md): MCPServerObjectQ[server] gives True if server is a valid MCPServerObject and False otherwise.
- [MCPServerObjects](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/MCPServerObjects.en.md): MCPServerObjects[] gives all the custom MCP servers that have been created on the current machine. MCPServerObjects[patt] gives the custom MCP servers that have a name matching the given string pattern.
- [UninstallMCPServer](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/UninstallMCPServer.en.md): UninstallMCPServer[application] uninstalls all the MCP servers that have been installed for the specified application. UninstallMCPServer[MCPServerObject[...]] uninstalls the specified MCP server from any applications it has previously been installed for. UninstallMCPServer[application, server] uninstalls the specified MCP server from the specified application. UninstallMCPServer[File[...], server] uninstalls the specified MCP server from the given JSON configuration file. UninstallMCPServer[{ ...
- [$DefaultMCPServers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/$DefaultMCPServers.en.md): $DefaultMCPServers gives an association of predefined MCP servers
- [$DefaultMCPToolOptions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/$DefaultMCPToolOptions.en.md): $DefaultMCPToolOptions gives an association containing the default tool options used by built-in tools.
- [$DefaultMCPTools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/$DefaultMCPTools.en.md): $DefaultMCPTools gives an association of LLMTool objects used by servers in $DefaultMCPServers
- [$SupportedMCPClients](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/ref/$SupportedMCPClients.en.md): $SupportedMCPClients gives an association with information about MCP clients supported by InstallMCPServer.

#### Tutorials

- [Default Tools](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/tutorial/DefaultTools.en.md): The AgentTools paclet comes with a set of LLMTool objects that can be referenced by name. This page provides the documentation for each of those tools. Options available for the WolframAlphaContext tool are: Options available for the WolframLanguageContext tool are:
- [Quick Start for AI Coding Applications](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/tutorial/QuickStartforAICodingApplications.en.md): This guide walks you through setting up the Wolfram MCP Server with AI coding applications like Claude Code, Cursor, Visual Studio Code, and others. By the end, your AI coding assistant will be able to evaluate Wolfram Language code, search documentation, read and write notebooks, run tests, and inspect code. For Wolfram Language development, it's recommended to use the WolframLanguage server. It gives the AI the ability to: All installation methods use the InstallMCPServer function. Open a ...
- [Quick Start for Chat Clients](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/Wolfram/AgentTools/tutorial/QuickStartforChatClients.en.md): This guide walks you through adding Wolfram computational capabilities to chat clients like Claude Desktop. By the end, your AI assistant will be able to evaluate Wolfram Language code, answer computational questions via Wolfram Alpha, and search Wolfram documentation. For general-purpose chat, use the Wolfram server (the default). It combines code execution with natural language computation. After installation, fully restart Claude Desktop to load the new tools.

## WorldPlot


### Guide Pages

- [World Plotting Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/guide/WorldPlottingPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [Albers](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Albers.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [Equirectangular](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Equirectangular.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [LambertAzimuthal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/LambertAzimuthal.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [LambertCylindrical](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/LambertCylindrical.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [Mercator](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Mercator.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [Mollweide](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Mollweide.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [Orthographic](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Orthographic.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [RandomColors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/RandomColors.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [RandomGrays](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/RandomGrays.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [ShowTooltips](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/ShowTooltips.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [Simple](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Simple.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [Sinusoidal](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/Sinusoidal.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [ToMinutes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/ToMinutes.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldBackground](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldBackground.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldBorders](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldBorders.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldClipping](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldClipping.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldCountries](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldCountries.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldDatabase](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldDatabase.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldFrame](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldFrame.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldFrameParts](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldFrameParts.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldGraphics.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldGridBehind](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldGridBehind.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldGrid](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldGrid.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldGridStyle](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldGridStyle.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldPlot.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldPoints](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldPoints.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldProjection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldProjection.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldRange.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldRotatedRange](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldRotatedRange.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldRotation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldRotation.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.
- [WorldToGraphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/ref/WorldToGraphics.en.md): Some of the functionality of the World Plotting Package is now available in CountryData.

### Tutorials

- [World Plotting Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WorldPlot/tutorial/WorldPlotting.en.md): Displaying a map. To make a map of an entire continent, you can give the name of the continent in place of the list of country names. Thus, for example, WorldPlot[Oceania] is equivalent to WorldPlot[{Indonesia,Papua New Guinea,Fiji,Australia,New Zealand}]. The names of the countries that can be mapped are listed at the end of this tutorial. Note that the names of countries are strings. This means they must be surrounded by quotes when you use them in a list of countries. However, the continent ...

## WSMLink


### Guide Pages

- [New in System Modeler Link 4](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/NewIn40.en.md): Wolfram System Modeler 4 extends Wolfram Language and System Modeler integration in several ways, including stored plots, template notebooks and the creation of models and support for real-time simulation and visualization. Models can be created from systems and equations, or by connecting model components. Model simulations can be interacted with in real time, including controlling input, visualizing output and changing parameters. Existing functions have numerous feature extensions, ...
- [New in System Modeler Link 5](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/NewIn50.en.md): Wolfram System Modeler 5 deepens Wolfram Language and System Modeler integration, as well as adds new features such as easy parametric simulations, more model administration capabilities and a completely new way of handling names of models and variables.
- [WSM Connectivity](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/WSMConnectivity.en.md): Importing Modelica models allows you to directly use and build upon models, libraries and components from many domains and communities. Exporting models as FMUs makes integration easy in a variety of environments, such as other modeling tools, as well as systems that include hardware or software components. The full Wolfram System Modeler product includes powerful interactive graphical environments for model creation, exploration and simulation.
- [Wolfram System Modeler Link](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/WSMLink.en.md): Wolfram System Modeler Link provides functionality for integrating Wolfram System Modeler and the Wolfram Language. In System Modeler, you can create dynamic models using components and connections with an easy drag-and-drop interface, as well as perform basic simulation-based analysis. With System Modeler Link, you combine the full power of the Wolfram Language with complete access to models and simulations. Based on simulations, you can compute performance measures such as overshoot, ...
- [WSM Model Analytics & Design](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/WSMModelAnalytics.en.md): Model analytics creates insight by analyzing simulation data, using everything from general visualization and summarization to specialized and dedicated analysis functionality. The Wolfram Language makes custom analysis for specific domains or use cases easy. Model design attempts to change or improve system behavior by modifying or optimizing system inputs, parameters or other properties of the system. Advanced simulation control in combination with powerful Wolfram Language features provides ...
- [WSM Model Creation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/WSMModelCreation.en.md): Models can easily be created from many kinds of sources, such as systems of differential equations, state-space models, data or existing component models. Combining these makes for a very powerful toolbox for programmatic model creation.
- [WSM Model Simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/WSMModelSimulation.en.md): Simulation is a vital tool in understanding, designing and parametrizing real-world systems. The Wolfram Language and System Modeler provide a strong collection of functionality for simulation, visualization and parametrization of such systems.
- [Wolfram System Modeler Overview](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/guide/WSMOverview.en.md): Models of dynamic systems are an important tool for understanding, design and analysis in many domains, including mechanical systems, electrical systems, information systems, industrial systems, life sciences, social sciences and many more. Furthermore, most real-world applications include multiple such domains in the same system, interacting dynamically over domain boundaries. The synergy of the Wolfram Language and Wolfram System Modeler provides powerful tools for simulation, analytics and ...

### Reference Pages

- [DotName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/DotName.en.md): DotName is being phased out in favor of QuantityVariable and strings.
- [ModelicaConversion](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/ModelicaConversion.en.md): ModelicaConversion is replaced by DotName.
- [WSMClearPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMClearPlot.en.md): WSMClearPlot is being phased out in favor of SystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMConnectComponents](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMConnectComponents.en.md): WSMConnectComponentsString is being phased out in favor of ConnectSystemModelComponents, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMConnectComponentsString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMConnectComponentsString.en.md): WSMConnectComponentsString is being phased out in favor of ConnectSystemModelComponents, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCopyClass](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCopyClass.en.md): WSMCopyClass has been replaced by WSMCopyModel.
- [WSMCopyModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCopyModel.en.md): WSMCopyModel is being phased out in favor of SystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCreateDataModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCreateDataModel.en.md): WSMCreateDataModelString is being phased out in favor of CreateDataSystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCreateDataModelString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCreateDataModelString.en.md): WSMCreateDataModelString is being phased out in favor of CreateDataSystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCreateModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCreateModel.en.md): WSMCreateModel is being phased out in favor of CreateSystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCreateModelString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCreateModelString.en.md): WSMCreateModelString is being phased out in favor of CreateSystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCreateTemplateCells](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCreateTemplateCells.en.md): WSMCreateTemplateCells is being phased out in favor of documentation of system modeling functionality, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMCreateTemplateNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMCreateTemplateNotebook.en.md): WSMCreateTemplateNotebook is being phased out in favor of documentation of system modeling functionality, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMDeleteModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMDeleteModel.en.md): WSMDeleteModel is being phased out in favor of DeleteObject.
- [WSMDeletePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMDeletePlot.en.md): WSMDeletePlot has been replaced by WSMClearPlot.
- [WSMExamples](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMExamples.en.md): WSMExamples is being phased out in favor of SystemModelExamples, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMInitialValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMInitialValues.en.md): WSMInitialValues is being phased out in favor of the association key InitialValues in functions introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMInputFunctions](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMInputFunctions.en.md): WSMInputFunctions is being phased out in favor of the association key Inputs in functions introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMLinearize](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMLinearize.en.md): WSMLinearize is being phased out in favor of SystemModelLinearize, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMModelCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMModelCenter.en.md): WSMModelCenter is being phased out in favor of SystemModeler, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMModelData](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMModelData.en.md): WSMModelData is being phased out in favor of SystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMNames](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMNames.en.md): WSMNames is being phased out in favor of SystemModels, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMParameterValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMParameterValues.en.md): WSMParameterValues is being phased out in favor of the association key ParameterValues in functions introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMParametricFunction](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMParametricFunction.en.md): WSMParametricFunction is being phased out in favor of ParametricFunction.
- [WSMParametricSimulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMParametricSimulate.en.md): WSMParametricSimulate is being phased out in favor of SystemModelParametricSimulate, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMParametricSimulateValue](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMParametricSimulateValue.en.md): WSMParametricSimulateValue is being phased out in favor of SystemModelParametricSimulate, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMPlotUpdating](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMPlotUpdating.en.md): WSMPlotUpdating is an option for WSMRealTimePlot that specifies the updating behavior.
- [WSMProgressMonitor](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMProgressMonitor.en.md): WSMProgressMonitor is being phased out in favor of SystemModelProgressReporting, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMRealTimeConnect](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMRealTimeConnect.en.md): WSMRealTimeConnect[port] connects to a local simulation on port. WSMRealTimeConnect[host, port] connects to a simulation on IP or hostname  host.
- [WSMRealTimePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMRealTimePlot.en.md): WSMRealTimePlot[conn, {v1, v2, ...}, dt] plots the latest dt seconds of variables vi from WSMSimulationConnection conn. WSMRealTimePlot[conn, {v1, ...}] accumulates data until the simulation is stopped. WSMRealTimePlot[mmodel, {v1, v2, ...}, dt] plots from a new real-time simulation of mmodel.
- [WSMRealTimeSimulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMRealTimeSimulate.en.md): WSMRealTimeSimulate[mmodel] launches a simulation of  mmodel synchronized with real time. WSMRealTimeSimulate[mmodel, tmax] simulates from 0 to tmax. WSMRealTimeSimulate[mmodel, vars, ...] stores only simulation data for the variables vars.
- [WSMRenameModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMRenameModel.en.md): WSMRenameModel is being phased out in favor of SystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMRenamePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMRenamePlot.en.md): WSMRenamePlot has been replaced by WSMSetPlot.
- [WSMSaveModel](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSaveModel.en.md): WSMSaveModel is being phased out in favor of the Export format MO, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMSensitivityName](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSensitivityName.en.md): WSMSensitivityName is being phased out in favor of using {var, par}.
- [WSMSetPlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSetPlot.en.md): WSMSetPlot is being phased out in favor of SystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMSetValues](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSetValues.en.md): WSMSetValues is being phased out in favor of SystemModel, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMSimulate](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSimulate.en.md): WSMSimulate is being phased out in favor of SystemModelSimulate, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMSimulationCenter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSimulationCenter.en.md): WSMSimulationCenter is being phased out in favor of SystemModeler, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [WSMSimulationConnection](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMSimulationConnection.en.md): WSMSimulationConnection[...] represents a connection to a System Modeler simulation.                                   ## Examples (11)
- [WSMStorePlot](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/WSMStorePlot.en.md): WSMStorePlot has been replaced by WSMSetPlot.

#### format

- [FMU](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/format/FMU.en.md): FMU from WSMLink is being phased out in favor of FMU, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [Modelica CombiTimeTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/format/MCTT.en.md): MCTT from WSMLink is being phased out in favor of MCTT, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [Modelica CombiTimeTable](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/format/ModelicaCombiTimeTable.en.md): ModelicaCombiTimeTable has been replaced by MCTT.
- [Modelica Model (.mo, .moe)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/format/MO.en.md): MO from WSMLink is being phased out in favor of MO, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.
- [Modelica Simulation (.sme)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/ref/format/SME.en.md): SME from WSMLink is being phased out in favor of SME, which was introduced experimentally in Version 11.3.

### Tutorials

- [Reliability in System Modeler](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/tutorial/ReliabilityinSystemModeler.en.md): Reliability of a component or system is the probability that it will function for a specified period of time. This is modeled as a lifetime distribution. A system built from independent components will itself have a lifetime distribution that can be computed from component lifetime distributions and system structure. Reliability is often used for safety reasons (nuclear, offshore, aerospace, ...) as well as economic reasons (warranties, customer satisfaction, ...). Behavioral modeling tries to ...
- [Advanced Real-Time Simulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/tutorial/Simulate.en.md): The function WSMRealTimeSimulate is used to simulate models from Wolfram System Modeler. It automates the most common use case of building and simulating a model in real time. In many cases, it can be useful to gain greater control over the real-time simulation. This tutorial describes how to control the simulation in greater detail, how to interact with it using inputs and outputs, and how to visualize simulation data. To use functionality from Wolfram System Modeler Link, load the package:
- [Running WSMLink in a Server Environment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/WSMLink/tutorial/WSMLinkinaServerEnvironment.en.md): It is possible to run WSMLink in a server environment or an environment without a graphical desktop environment like X. This can be used to deploy System Modeler on Linux machines running, for example, in a cloud or server environment. To install System Modeler, execute the installer from a command line, the same way as in a desktop environment. The Wolfram Language package for System Modeler, WSMLink, can be set up to work with the Wolfram Language by changing into the binary directory for ...

## XML


### Guide Pages

- [XML Package](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/guide/XMLPackage.en.md): 

### Reference Pages

- [BoxesToMathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/BoxesToMathML.en.md): Same functionality now provided by ExportString[boxes, {MathML, Boxes}].
- [BoxesToSymbolicMathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/BoxesToSymbolicMathML.en.md): BoxesToSymbolicMathML[boxes] converts the Wolfram Language box structure, boxes, into a MathML-flavored SymbolicXML structure.
- [ExpressionToMathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ExpressionToMathML.en.md): Same functionality now provided by ExportString[expr, {MathML, Expression}].
- [ExpressionToSymbolicExpressionML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ExpressionToSymbolicExpressionML.en.md): ExpressionToSymbolicExpressionML[expr] converts expr to ExpressionML and returns the corresponding SymbolicXML.
- [ExpressionToSymbolicMathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ExpressionToSymbolicMathML.en.md): ExpressionToSymbolicMathML[expr] converts the Wolfram Language expression, expr, into a MathML-flavored SymbolicXML structure.
- [FromSymbolicXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/FromSymbolicXML.en.md): FromSymbolicXML[expr] converts a SymbolicXML expression expr to a more native format, if one is available.
- [InitializeXMLParser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/InitializeXMLParser.en.md): InitializeXMLParser[root,  file] creates an XMLParser object that has a list of entities corresponding to the contents of  file and can be used on XML documents that have a root element root.
- [MathMLToBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/MathMLToBoxes.en.md): Same functionality now provided by ImportString[string, {MathML, Boxes}].
- [MathMLToExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/MathMLToExpression.en.md): Same functionality now provided by ImportString[string, {MathML, Expression}].
- [NotebookToSymbolicNotebookML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/NotebookToSymbolicNotebookML.en.md): The NotebookML format is no longer supported.                                                                                                                                                           |     |     |     |
- [RawXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/RawXML.en.md): RawXML[string] represents a raw string fragment of XML that can be used inside a SymbolicXML expression.
- [ReleaseXMLParser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ReleaseXMLParser.en.md): ReleaseXMLParser[parser] frees up resources associated with the XMLParser object parser.
- [SymbolicExpressionMLToExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/SymbolicExpressionMLToExpression.en.md): SymbolicExpressionMLToExpression[expr] takes a SymbolicXML expression expr that represents an ExpressionML document and returns the corresponding expression.
- [SymbolicMathMLToBoxes](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/SymbolicMathMLToBoxes.en.md): SymbolicMathMLToBoxes[smml] converts the MathML-flavored SymbolicXML structure, smml, into a Wolfram Language box expression.
- [SymbolicMathMLToExpression](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/SymbolicMathMLToExpression.en.md): SymbolicMathMLToExpression[smml] converts the MathML-flavored SymbolicXML structure, smml, into a Wolfram Language expression. The output is in the form of content MathML, wherever possible.
- [SymbolicNotebookMLToNotebook](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/SymbolicNotebookMLToNotebook.en.md): The NotebookML format is no longer supported.
- [SymbolicXMLErrors](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/SymbolicXMLErrors.en.md): SymbolicXMLErrors[expr] returns a list of part specifications indicating where there are errors in the SymbolicXML expression expr and a message about the nature of each error.
- [SymbolicXMLQ](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/SymbolicXMLQ.en.md): SymbolicXMLQ[expr] returns True if the expression expr matches some basic patterns for a SymbolicXML expression and False otherwise. SymbolicXMLQ[expr, True] performs a complete test on expr to determine if it is a well-formed SymbolicXML expression. SymbolicXMLQ[expr, False] is equivalent to SymbolicXMLQ[expr].
- [ToCompactXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ToCompactXML.en.md): ToCompactXML[expr] generates an equivalent SymbolicXML expression that suppresses all the redundant namespace information for elements and attributes in expr. ToCompactXML[expr, patt] suppresses only namespaces that match patt.
- [ToSymbolicXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ToSymbolicXML.en.md): ToSymbolicXML[expr] converts an expression expr to an appropriate XML format and returns the result as SymbolicXML.
- [ToVerboseXML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/ToVerboseXML.en.md): ToVerboseXML[expr] generates an equivalent SymbolicXML expression that explicitly exposes all the namespace information for elements and attributes in expr. ToVerboseXML[expr, pattern] exposes only namespaces that match pattern.
- [XMLGet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/XMLGet.en.md): XMLGet[file] returns the XML expression tree corresponding to the contents of  file. XMLGet[file, parser] uses the pre-initialized XMLParser object to parse the file. XMLGet[http:// url, ...] reads from a URL.
- [XMLGetString](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/XMLGetString.en.md): XMLGetString[data] returns the XML expression tree corresponding to a string. XMLGetString[data, parser] uses the pre-initialized XMLParser object to parse the string.
- [XMLParser](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/ref/XMLParser.en.md): XMLParser[root,  file] represents a parser object created by InitializeXMLParser for XML documents with a root element root and corresponding to the DTD  file.

### Tutorials

- [Exporting XML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/tutorial/ExportingXML.en.md): You can export XML data from the Wolfram Language using the standard Export function. Exporting files. The first argument of the function specifies the file to which the data should be exported. The second argument specifies the data to be exported. For exporting XML data, this can be a symbolic XML expression or any other Wolfram Language expression. You can also specify an optional third argument to control the form of the output. For exporting XML data, the relevant file formats are XML, ...
- [Importing XML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/tutorial/ImportingXML.en.md): You can import XML data into the Wolfram Language using the standard Import function, which has the following syntax. Importing files. The first argument specifies the file to be imported. You can also specify an optional second argument to control the form of the output. For importing XML data, the relevant file formats are XML, ExpressionML, and MathML.
- [Working with MathML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/tutorial/MathML.en.md): MathML is an XML-based markup language for representing mathematics. It was developed by the W3C to provide an effective way to display math in web pages and facilitate the transfer and reuse of mathematical content between applications. The great advantage is that it can encode information about both the meaning and appearance of mathematical notation. This makes it an ideal data format for storing and exchanging mathematical information. For example, a MathML equation can be copied out of a ...
- [XML Capabilities](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/tutorial/Overview.en.md): Representing XML Importing XML Exporting XML
- [Representing XML in the Wolfram Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/tutorial/RepresentingXML.en.md): The Wolfram Language includes comprehensive support for XML, the meta-markup language developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for describing structured documents and data. Using the Wolfram Language's XML features, you can do any of the following: These features make the Wolfram Language a powerful development environment for creating and processing XML documents. They ensure complete interoperability between the Wolfram Language and other XML applications, and between notebooks and ...
- [Transforming XML](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/XML/tutorial/TransformingXML.en.md): The Wolfram Language is uniquely suited for processing symbolic expressions because of its powerful pattern-matching abilities and large collection of built-in structural manipulation functions. This tutorial provides a few examples to illustrate the use of the Wolfram Language for processing XML data. When you import an arbitrary XML document into the Wolfram Language, it is automatically converted into a symbolic XML expression. Symbolic XML is the format used for representing XML documents ...