$ModuleNumber gives the current serial number to be used for local variables that are created.
$NewMessage is a global variable which, if set, is applied to the symbol name and tag of messages that are requested but have not yet been defined.
$NewSymbol is a global variable which, if set, is applied to the name and context of each new symbol that Mathematica creates.
$Notebooks is True if Mathematica is being used with a notebook-based front end.
$NumberMarks gives the default value for the option NumberMarks, which specifies whether ` marks should be included in the input form representations of approximate numbers.
$Post
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) $Post is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to every output expression.
$PrePrint is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to every expression before it is printed.
$PreRead is a global variable whose value, if set, is applied to the text or box form of every input expression before it is fed to Mathematica.
$RecursionLimit gives the current limit on the number of levels of recursion that Mathematica can use.
$ScheduledTask returns the current ScheduledTaskObject.