Lists are normally specified in Mathematica just by giving explicit lists of their elements. But particularly in working with large arrays, it is often useful instead to be ...

Mathematica provides a compact way of representing boxes in terms of strings. This is particularly convenient when you want to import or export specifications of boxes as ...

Any combination of equations or inequalities can be thought of as implicitly defining a region in some kind of space. The fundamental function of Reduce is to turn this type ...

Here the standard procedure used by Mathematica to evaluate expressions is described. This procedure is the one followed for most kinds of expression. There are, however, ...

Mathematica uses various syntactic rules to interpret input that you give, and to convert strings and boxes into expressions. The version of these rules that is used for ...

The following techniques are useful for debugging problems with client connections to the license server. MathLM will not start if it cannot find the password file. In that ...

Basic two-dimensional graphics elements. Here is a line primitive. This shows the line as a two-dimensional graphics object.

Even with "Newton methods" where the local model is based on the actual Hessian, unless you are close to a root or minimum, the model step may not bring you any closer to the ...

"Gauss–Newton" and "conjugate gradient" methods use derivatives. When Mathematica cannot compute symbolic derivatives, finite differences will be used. Computing derivatives ...

When derivatives cannot be computed symbolically, "Newton's" method will be used, but with a finite difference approximation to the Jacobian. This can have costs in terms of ...