FactorSquareFreeList[poly] gives a list of square-free factors of a polynomial, together with their exponents.

TrigFactorList[expr] factors trigonometric functions in expr, yielding a list of lists containing trigonometric monomials and exponents.

SpheroidalJoiningFactor[n, m, \[Gamma]] gives the spheroidal joining factor with degree n and order m.

SpheroidalRadialFactor[n, m, c] gives the spheroidal radial factor with degree n and order m.

GaussianIntegers is an option for FactorInteger, PrimeQ, Factor, and related functions that specifies whether factorization should be done over Gaussian integers.

IntegerExponent[n, b] gives the highest power of b that divides n.

IntegerString[n] gives a string consisting of the decimal digits in the integer n. IntegerString[n, b] gives a string consisting of the base b digits in the integer n. ...

IntegerDigits[n] gives a list of the decimal digits in the integer n. IntegerDigits[n, b] gives a list of the base b digits in the integer n. IntegerDigits[n, b, len] pads ...

The primes have been a focal point for investigations of numbers for more than two millennia. Mathematica implements state-of-the-art algorithms for handling both primes and ...

AlgebraicIntegerQ[a] yields True if a is an algebraic integer, and yields False otherwise.