FactorInteger[n] gives a list of the prime factors of the integer n, together with their exponents. FactorInteger[n, k] does partial factorization, pulling out at most k ...

FixedPointList[f, expr] generates a list giving the results of applying f repeatedly, starting with expr, until the results no longer change.

Fold[f, x, list] gives the last element of FoldList[f, x, list].

PadLeft[list, n] makes a list of length n by padding list with zeros on the left. PadLeft[list, n, x] pads by repeating the element x. PadLeft[list, n, {x_1, x_2, ...}] pads ...

Here is one way to get multiple minima: call NMinimize multiple times with different random seeds, which will cause different optimization paths to be taken. This defines a ...

RowReduce[m] gives the row-reduced form of the matrix m.

ShuffleExchangeGraph[n] returns the n-dimensional shuffle-exchange graph whose vertices are length n binary strings with an edge from w to Derivative[1][w] if (i) ...

Mathematica serialized package format. Used for the distribution of Mathematica packages. Stores arbitrary Mathematica expressions in a serialized format optimized for fast ...

Append[expr, elem] gives expr with elem appended.

Break[] exits the nearest enclosing Do, For, or While.