General issues about the internal implementation of Mathematica are discussed in "The Internals of Mathematica". Given here are brief notes on particular features. These ...
Complete Selection completes a partially typed function name.
JacobiSymbol[n, m] gives the Jacobi symbol (n/m).
SemialgebraicComponentInstances[ineqs, {x_1, x_2, ...}] gives at least one sample point in each connected component of the semialgebraic set defined by the inequalities ineqs ...
ArcCsc
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) ArcCsc[z] gives the arc cosecant csc -1 (z) of the complex number z.
ArcSec
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) ArcSec[z] gives the arc secant sec -1 (z) of the complex number z.
ArcSinh
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) ArcSinh[z] gives the inverse hyperbolic sine sinh -1 (z) of the complex number z.
Assuming[assum, expr] evaluates expr with assum appended to $Assumptions, so that assum is included in the default assumptions used by functions such as Refine, Simplify, and ...
GCD
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) GCD[n_1, n_2, ...] gives the greatest common divisor of the n_i.
FromPackedArray[expr] unpacks expr so that its internal representation is not a packed array.