SquaresR[d, n] gives the number of ways r_d (n) to represent the integer n as a sum of d squares.
ArrayRules[SparseArray[...]] gives the rules {pos_1 -> val_1, pos_2 -> val_2, ...} specifying elements in a sparse array. ArrayRules[list] gives rules for SparseArray[list].
Minimize[f, x] minimizes f with respect to x.Minimize[f, {x, y, ...}] minimizes f with respect to x, y, .... Minimize[{f, cons}, {x, y, ...}] minimizes f subject to the ...
Log
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Log[z] gives the natural logarithm of z (logarithm to base e). Log[b, z] gives the logarithm to base b.
PolynomialQuotient[p, q, x] gives the quotient of p and q, treated as polynomials in x, with any remainder dropped.
Finding the structure of polynomials written in expanded form. Here is a polynomial in two variables. This is the polynomial in expanded form.
ExpandNumerator[expr] expands out products and powers that appear in the numerator of expr.
FactorTermsList[poly] gives a list in which the first element is the overall numerical factor in poly, and the second element is the polynomial with the overall factor ...
CSV
(Mathematica Import/Export Format) MIME type: text/comma-separated-values, text/csv CSV tabular data format. Stores records of numerical and textual information as lines, using commas to separate fields. ...
PowerModList[a, s/r, m] gives a list of all x modulo m for which x^r \[Congruent] a^s mod m.