XMLObject["type"] represents the head of an XML object in symbolic XML.
$CommandLine is a list of strings giving the elements of the original operating system command line with which Mathematica was invoked.
$CreationDate gives the date and time at which the particular release of the Mathematica kernel you are running was created.
$HomeDirectory gives your "home" directory.
$ImagingDevices gives a list of available imaging devices.
$InstallationDirectory gives the top-level directory in which your Mathematica installation resides.
$LicenseExpirationDate is a date list that gives the expiration date for the license under which Mathematica is being run.
$Linked
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) $Linked is True if the Mathematica kernel is being run through MathLink.
$MachineID is a string that gives, if possible, a unique identification code for the computer on which Mathematica is being run.
$ProcessorType is a string giving the architecture of the processor on which Mathematica is being run.