$LicenseServer is a string that gives the name of the license server that is currently authorizing Mathematica to be run.
$Line
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) $Line is a global variable that specifies the number of the current input line.
$Linked
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) $Linked is True if the Mathematica kernel is being run through MathLink.
$MachineAddresses gives a list of strings specifying the current IP addresses associated with the computer on which Mathematica is being run.
$MachineDomains is a list of strings giving the names of the current network domains associated with the computer on which Mathematica is being run.
$MachineID is a string that gives, if possible, a unique identification code for the computer on which Mathematica is being run.
$MachineName is a string that gives the assigned name of the computer on which Mathematica is being run, if such a name is defined.
$MachineType is a string giving the general type of computer on which Mathematica is being run.
$NewMessage is a global variable which, if set, is applied to the symbol name and tag of messages that are requested but have not yet been defined.
$Notebooks is True if Mathematica is being used with a notebook-based front end.