RandomInteger[{i_min, i_max}] gives a pseudorandom integer in the range {i_min, i_max}. RandomInteger[i_max] gives a pseudorandom integer in the range {0, ...
RandomPermutation[gr] gives a pseudorandom permutation in the permutation group gr.RandomPermutation[gr, n] gives a list of n pseudorandom permutations in the permutation ...
RandomPrime[{i_min, i_max}] gives a pseudorandom prime number in the range i_min to i_max.RandomPrime[i_max] gives a pseudorandom prime number in the range 2 to ...
Range
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Range[i_max] generates the list {1, 2, ..., i_max}. Range[i_min, i_max] generates the list {i_min, ..., i_max}. Range[i_min, i_max, di] uses step di.
Rational is the head used for rational numbers.
Ratios
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Ratios[list] gives the successive ratios of elements in list. Ratios[list, n] gives the n\[Null]^th iterated ratios of list. Ratios[list, {n_1, n_2, ...}] gives the ...
ReadList["file"] reads all the remaining expressions in a file and returns a list of them. ReadList["file", type] reads objects of the specified type from a file, until the ...
Reals
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Reals represents the domain of real numbers, as in x \[Element] Reals.
Reap
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Reap[expr] gives the value of expr together with all expressions to which Sow has been applied during its evaluation. Expressions sown using Sow[e] or Sow[e, tag_i] with ...
ReflectionMatrix[v] gives the matrix that represents reflection of points in a mirror normal to the vector v.