RandomReal[] gives a pseudorandom real number in the range 0 to 1. RandomReal[{x_min, x_max}] gives a pseudorandom real number in the range x_min to x_max. RandomReal[x_max] ...

SmoothHistogram[{x_1, x_2, ...}] plots a smooth kernel histogram of the values x_i.SmoothHistogram[{x_1, x_2, ...}, espec] plots a smooth kernel histogram with estimator ...

f /: lhs := rhs assigns rhs to be the delayed value of lhs, and associates the assignment with the symbol f.

TeXForm[expr] prints as a TeX version of expr.

ToBoxes[expr] generates boxes corresponding to the printed form of expr in StandardForm. ToBoxes[expr, form] gives the boxes corresponding to output in the specified form.

Toggler[x] represents a toggler button with setting x, that toggles between True and False. Toggler[Dynamic[x]] takes the setting to be the dynamically updated current value ...

VectorPlot3D[{v_x, v_y, v_z}, {x, x_min, x_max}, {y, y_min, y_max}, {z, z_min, z_max}] generates a 3D vector plot of the vector field {v_x, v_y, v_z} as a function of x, y, ...

$MachineEpsilon gives the difference between 1.0 and the next-nearest number representable as a machine-precision number.

Functions like Read and Write handle ordinary printable text. But in dealing with external data files or devices it is sometimes necessary to go to a lower level, and work ...

Numerical algorithms for constrained nonlinear optimization can be broadly categorized into gradient-based methods and direct search methods. Gradient-based methods use first ...