HammingDistance[u, v] gives the Hamming distance between strings or vectors u and v.
Ulp
(Computer Arithmetic Package Symbol) Ulp[x] gives the size of an ulp for numbers near x.
Sometimes you may want to set up functions where certain arguments, if omitted, are given "default values". The pattern x_:v stands for an object that can be omitted, and if ...
FixedPoint[f, expr] starts with expr, then applies f repeatedly until the result no longer changes.
Precision[x] gives the effective number of digits of precision in the number x.
Special forms for some common symbols. This is equivalent to Sin[60Degree]. Here is the long form of the input.
Select
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Select[list, crit] picks out all elements e_i of list for which crit[e_i] is True. Select[list, crit, n] picks out the first n elements for which crit[e_i] is True.
BakersDozen is a unit multiplier.
Gross
(Units Package Symbol) Gross is a unit multiplier.
Percent is a unit multiplier.