If you make a definition like f[x_]:=x Sin[x], Mathematica will store the expression x Sin[x] in a form that can be evaluated for any x. Then when you give a particular value ...
LinearModelFit[{y_1, y_2, ...}, {f_1, f_2, ...}, x] constructs a linear model of the form \[Beta]_0 + \[Beta]_1 f_1 + \[Beta]_2 f_2 + ... that fits the y_i for successive x ...
GaussianMatrix[r] gives a matrix that corresponds to a Gaussian kernel of radius r. GaussianMatrix[{r, \[Sigma]}] gives a matrix corresponding to a Gaussian kernel with ...
ExponentialDistribution[\[Lambda]] represents an exponential distribution with scale inversely proportional to parameter \[Lambda].
PascalDistribution[n, p] represents a Pascal distribution with parameters n and p.
PermutationGroup[{perm_1, ..., perm_n}] represents the group generated by multiplication of the permutations perm_1, ..., perm_n.
Hypergeometric2F1[a, b, c, z] is the hypergeometric function \[InvisiblePrefixScriptBase]_2 F_1 (a, b; c; z).
If
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) If[condition, t, f] gives t if condition evaluates to True, and f if it evaluates to False. If[condition, t, f, u] gives u if condition evaluates to neither True nor False.
MeijerG
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) MeijerG[{{a_1, ..., a_n}, {a n + 1, ..., a_p}}, {{b_1, ..., b_m}, {b m + 1, ..., b_q}}, z] is the Meijer G function G_p q^m n(z \[VerticalSeparator] {{a_1, ..., a_p}, {b_1, ...
MaxSteps is an option to functions like NDSolve that specifies the maximum number of steps to take in generating a result.