PolynomialQ[expr, var] yields True if expr is a polynomial in var, and yields False otherwise. PolynomialQ[expr, {var_1, ...}] tests whether expr is a polynomial in the var_i.
AlgebraicNumberPolynomial[a, x] gives the polynomial in x corresponding to the AlgebraicNumber object a.
AlgebraicIntegerQ[a] yields True if a is an algebraic integer, and yields False otherwise.
PolynomialRemainder[p, q, x] gives the remainder from dividing p by q, treated as polynomials in x.
PolynomialQuotientRemainder[p, q, x] gives a list of the quotient and remainder of p and q, treated as polynomials in x.
PolynomialReduce[poly, {poly_1, poly_2, ...}, {x_1, x_2, ...}] yields a list representing a reduction of poly in terms of the poly_i. The list has the form {{a_1, a_2, ...}, ...
FindRoot[f, {x, x_0}] searches for a numerical root of f, starting from the point x = x_0.FindRoot[lhs == rhs, {x, x_0}] searches for a numerical solution to the equation lhs ...
Sqrt
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Sqrt[z] or Sqrt[z] gives the square root of z.
RootMeanSquare[list] gives the root mean square of values in list.
PolynomialExtendedGCD[poly_1, poly_2, x] gives the extended GCD of poly_1 and poly_2 treated as univariate polynomials in x.PolynomialExtendedGCD[poly_1, poly_2, x, Modulus ...