Mathematica contains the world's largest collection of number theoretic functions, many based on specially developed algorithms.
Boole
(Built-in Mathematica Symbol) Boole[expr] yields 1 if expr is True and 0 if it is False.
ExponentFunction is an option for NumberForm and related functions that determines the exponent to use in printing approximate real numbers.
Some integer functions. The remainder on dividing 17 by 3. The integer part of 17/3.
CompiledFunction[args...] represents compiled code for evaluating a compiled function.
InverseFunction[f] represents the inverse of the function f, defined so that InverseFunction[f][y] gives the value of x for which f[x] is equal to y. InverseFunction[f, n, ...
FunctionInterpolation[expr, {x, x_min, x_max}] evaluates expr with x running from x_min to x_max and constructs an InterpolatingFunction object which represents an ...
DisplayFunction is an option for graphics and sound functions that specifies a function to apply to graphics and sound objects before returning them.
NearestFunction[data] represents a function whose values give the elements closest to an element that is supplied.