FactorInteger
FactorInteger[n] gives a list of the prime factors of the integer n, together with their exponents.
Example: FactorInteger[2434500]
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For negative numbers, the unit {-1, 1} is included in the list of factors.
FactorInteger also works on rational numbers. The prime factors of the denominator are given with negative exponents.
FactorInteger[n, GaussianIntegers->True] factors over Gaussian integers.
When necessary, a unit of the form {-1, 1}, {I, 1} or {-I, 1} is included in the list of factors.
FactorInteger[n, FactorComplete->False] does a fast but not necessarily complete factorization, and extracts only those factors that are easy to find.
See The Mathematica Book on the web: Section 1.1.3, Section 1.4.9 and Section 3.2.4.
Implementation Notes: see Section A.9.4.
See also: IntegerExponent, Prime, PrimeQ, Divisors.
Further Examples
