PDF (.pdf)

Background & Context

    • MIME type: application/pdf
    • Adobe Acrobat format.
    • Standard format for exchanging and archiving multi-page documents.
    • PDF is an acronym for Portable Document Format.
    • Binary file format.
    • Stores text, fonts, images, and 2D vector graphics in a device‐ and resolution‐independent way.
    • Can also store embedded raster images.
    • Supports multiple lossy and lossless compression methods.

Import & Export

  • Import["file.pdf"] imports a PDF file, returning a list of rasterized images for each page.
  • Import["file.pdf",elem] imports the specified element from a PDF file.
  • Import["file.pdf",{elem,suba,subb,…}] imports a subelement.
  • The import format can be specified with Import["file","PDF"] or Import["file",{"PDF",elem,…}].
  • Export["file.pdf",expr] creates a PDF file from an arbitrary expression, cell, or notebook object.
  • Export["file.pdf",expr,elem] creates a PDF file by treating expr as specifying element elem.
  • Export["file.pdf",{expr1,expr2,…},{{elem1,elem2,…}}] treats each expri as specifying the corresponding elemi.
  • Export["file.pdf",expr,opt1->val1,…] exports expr with the specified option elements taken to have the specified values.
  • Export["file.pdf",{elem1->expr1,elem2->expr2,…},"Rules"] uses rules to specify the elements to be exported.
  • Export["file.pdf",expr] effectively renders expr as if it were being printed to the default printer. If expr is not a notebook, it will effectively create a notebook with the same properties as the notebook performing the evaluation, or a default notebook if the evaluation did not start in a notebook. The front end's PrintingStyleEnvironment option is used to pick the environment for printing.
  • The Wolfram Language attempts to preserve a vector description of the content where possible, but content requiring modern rendering methods not supported by PDF will be rasterized. This includes all 3D graphics and 2D content with transparency, color gradients, textures or shading.
  • See the following reference pages for full general information:
  • Import, Exportimport from or export to a file
    CloudImport, CloudExportimport from or export to a cloud object
    ImportString, ExportStringimport from or export to a string
    ImportByteArray, ExportByteArrayimport from or export to a byte array

Notebook Interface

  • Save As exports the active notebook as a PDF file.
  • Save Selection As exports the selected part of a notebook to PDF.

Import Elements

  • General Import elements:
  • "Elements" list of elements and options available in this file
    "Summary"summary of the file
    "Rules"list of rules for all available elements
  • Structure elements:
  • "ContentsGraph"graph of the table of contents from the document
    "ContentsStartPage"list of rules giving table of contents name and page numbers
    "PageCount"number of pages
    "Summary"summary of the file
  • Data representation elements for the whole PDF document:
  • "Plaintext"a string giving the textual content of the whole document
    "FormattedText"a sequence of formatted text for the whole document
  • Data representation elements given as a list representing each page of the document:
  • "PageFormattedText"a list of formatted text, each representing a page
    "PageGraphics"a list of Graphics objects, each representing a page
    "PageImages"a list of Image objects, each representing a page
    "PagePlaintext"a list of strings, each representing the plaintext of a page
    "PagePositionedText"a list of Text objects including text coordinates
  • Import by default uses the "PageImages" element.
  • Metadata elements:
  • "Author"author of the document
    "CreationDate"creation date of the document, given as a DateObject
    "Creator"program that created the content
    "Keywords"keywords from the document
    "ModificationDate"modification date of the document, given as a DateObject
    "MetaInformation"metadata given as strings and date objects
    "Producer"program that converted the data to PDF
    "Subject"the subject of the document
    "Title"document title
    "Version"version of the PDF specification for the file
  • Hyperlink, annotation, and form field elements:
  • "FormFieldRules"association of page numbers and lists of rules giving form field names and values
    "HighlightedText"association of page numbers and list of strings for each highlighted section of text on each page
    "Hyperlinks"association of page numbers and list of Hyperlink objects for each link on each page
    "TextAnnotations"association of page numbers and text from annotations
    "URLs"association of page numbers and list of URL objects for each link on each page
  • Embedded images elements:
  • "EmbeddedImageCount"association of page numbers and number of images
    "EmbeddedImages"association of page numbers and embedded images for each page
  • Attachments elements:
  • "AttachmentCount"number of attachments
    "AttachmentList"lists of processed attachments as expressions
    "AttachmentNames"list of attachment names
    "AttachmentDetails"lists of associations giving attachment content and metadata
    "RawAttachmentList"attachments given as a list of byte arrays
    "AttachmentData"list of associations giving raw attachment data and metadata
  • The element "AttachmentDetails" is a list giving an association for each attachment. Each association typically has the following keys:
  • "Name"name assigned to the attachment
    "Content"imported content
    "CreationDate"creation date recorded for the attachment
    "ModificationDate"modification date recorded for the attachment
    "ByteCount"number of bytes in the attachment
  • The element "AttachmentData" is a list giving an association for each attachment. Each association typically has the following keys:
  • "Name"name assigned to the attachment
    "RawContent"raw content as a byte array
    "CreationDate"creation date recorded for the attachment
    "ModificationDate"modification date recorded for the attachment
    "ByteCount"number of bytes in the attachment
  • For elements with multiple parts, use subelements for partial data import in either of the {elem,page,index} or {elem,index} form, where page and index can be any of the following:
  • nnth item
    -ncounts from the end
    n;;mfrom n through m
    n;;m;;sfrom n through m with steps of s
    {n1,n2,…}specific items ni
  • Use {"FormFieldRules",page,names} to import form values corresponding to the fields names.

Options

  • Import options:
  • ImageResolution$ImageResolutionimage resolution in dpi for rasterization
    ImageSizeAutomatic
  • final displayed image size in printer's points
    • "Password"Nonedocument password given as a string
    RasterSizeAutomaticraster size in pixels for rasterization
    "RenderedElements"Allparts of the document to render in "PageImages"
  • Possible settings for "RenderedElements":
  • "Annotations"annotations such as highlighting or additional text boxes
    "FormFields"data from filled-out form fields
    Allrender all elements from the document
    Nonerender no additional elements from the document
  • Export options:
  • ImageSizeAutomaticoverall image size
    ImageResolution72image resolution for rasterization in dpi
    "AllowRasterization"Automaticwhether to rasterize a graphic that requires advanced versions of PDF
  • Possible settings for "AllowRasterization":
  • Automaticrasterize a graphic that contains features such as transparency or gradients that require advanced versions of PDF to render
    Truealways rasterize graphics
    Falsealways use vector graphics, deploying advanced PDF features where necessary for faithful rendering

Examples

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Basic Examples  (4)

Import pages of a PDF file:

Import a PDF as plaintext:

Export an image to PDF:

Export a typeset mathematical formula to a resolution-independent PDF:

Scope  (3)

Import  (3)

Import the first page of a PDF file:

Import the first page of a PDF as plaintext:

Import some metadata:

Import Elements  (26)

Available Elements  (1)

List of available elements:

Structure Elements  (3)

"ContentsGraph"  (1)

Import a graph of the table of contents for the file:

Get the names of the edges of the graph:

"ContentsStartPage"  (1)

Import the page every section starts on:

"PageCount"  (1)

Import the number of pages in the document:

Data Representation  (6)

"Plaintext"  (1)

Import the text from the whole document:

"FormattedText"  (1)

Import the names and values from form fields in the document:

"PageGraphics"  (1)

Import the first page of a document as vector graphics:

"PageImages"  (1)

Import a list of images for each page of the document:

"PagePlaintext"  (1)

Import the text from each page of the document as a list:

"PagePositionedText"  (1)

Import the text from each page of the document as a list:

Metadata  (9)

"Author"  (1)

Import the author of the document:

"CreationDate"  (1)

Import the creation date of the document:

"Creator"  (1)

Import the program that created the document:

"Keywords"  (1)

Import the keywords from the document:

"ModificationDate"  (1)

Import the modification date of the document:

"Producer"  (1)

Import the program that converted the document:

"Subject"  (1)

Import the subject of the document:

"Title"  (1)

Import the title of the document:

"Version"  (1)

Import the PDF version of the document:

Annotations and Form Fields  (5)

"FormFieldRules"  (1)

Import the names and values from form fields in the document:

"HighlightedText"  (1)

Import the plaintext of text that is highlighted in the document:

"Hyperlinks"  (1)

Import the hyperlinks in the document:

"TextAnnotations"  (1)

Import the plaintext of text annotations in the document:

"URLs"  (1)

Import the URLs in the document:

Embedded Images  (2)

"EmbeddedImageCount"  (1)

Import the number of embedded images for each page of the document:

"EmbeddedImages"  (1)

Import the embedded images from each page of the document:

Import Options  (3)

ImageResolution  (1)

Import the PDF with a resolution suitable for FHD screens:

Import the PDF with a resolution suitable for HiDPI screens:

RasterSize  (1)

Render a very small image from the PDF:

Render a larger image from the PDF:

"RenderedElements"  (1)

Import an image of the document without rendering annotations:

Compare to the document with rendered annotations: