--- title: "ProgrammingLanguage" language: "en" type: "Entity" summary: "Notable modern and historical programming languages from all paradigms." canonical_url: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/ProgrammingLanguage.html" source: "Wolfram Language Documentation" related_guides: - title: "Entity Types" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EntityTypes.en.md" --- # ProgrammingLanguage Notable modern and historical programming languages from all paradigms. [Related Interpreter](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md) Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", name] or Entity[...] represents an entity of type "ProgrammingLanguage". Entity[...][prop] gives the value of a specified property. Entity[...][{propi, …}] gives the value of a list of properties. EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", {propi -> speci, …}] represents a class of entities with values of propi defined by speci. ## Sample Entities * Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Ada::6fcqr"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "ALGOL::wph9f"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "COBOL::249k9"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "C::p5vhv"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Fortran::3734k"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Haskell::rb945"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Java::6847c"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Pascal::j5sy2"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Prolog::4644d"]Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "WolframLanguage"]**…** ## Sample Entity Classes * EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "ConcurrentComputing"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "DeclarativeProgramming"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "FunctionalProgramming"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "ImperativeProgramming"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "LogicProgramming"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "MultiParadigmProgrammingLanguage"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "ObjectOrientedProgramming"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "ParallelComputing"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "ProceduralProgramming"]EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "StructuredProgramming"]**…** ## Properties | | | | ----------------- | ------------------ | | DateIntroduced | date introduced | | EntityClasses | entity classes | | EntityTypeList | entity type list | | LanguageDesigners | language designers | | Name | name | | OfficialWebsite | official website | ## Details * ``"ProgrammingLanguage"`` entities include codified instruction sets that are used to write software programs that can be executed by a computer. * ``"ProgrammingLanguage"`` entity classes include collections of languages grouped by programming paradigm. * Some properties are available for the ``"ProgrammingLanguage"`` entity type as a whole and can be given using the form ``EntityValue["ProgrammingLanguage", property]``. Such properties include: | | | | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | | "Properties" | the list of available properties | | "PropertyCanonicalNames" | the standard names of available properties | | "SampleEntities" | a sample list of available entities (typically of length 10) | | "SampleEntityClasses" | a sample list of available entity classes (typically of length 10) | | "EntityCount" | number of entities available | | "Entities" | the list of available entities | | "EntityCanonicalNames" | the standard names of available entities | | "EntityClasses" | the list of available entity classes | | "EntityClassCanonicalNames" | the standard names of available entity classes | | "PropertyClasses" | the list of available property classes | | "PropertyClassCanonicalNames" | the standard names of available property classes | | "PropertyCount" | number of properties available | * The following annotations can be used in the third argument of ``EntityValue["ProgrammingLanguage", property, annotation]`` : | | | | --- | --- | | "Source" | source information for the property | | "Date" | the date associated with the entity-property value (if any) | | "EntityAssociation" | an association of entities and entity-property values | | "PropertyAssociation" | an association of properties and entity-property values | | "EntityPropertyAssociation" | an association in which the specified entities are keys, and values are a nested association of properties and entity-property values | | "PropertyEntityAssociation" | an association in which the specified properties are keys, and values are a nested association of entities and entity-property values | | "Dataset" | a dataset in which the specified entities are keys, and values are an association of property names and entity-property values | * The following annotations can be used in the second argument of ``EntityValue[property, annotation]`` : | | | | ------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | "Qualifiers" | the list of possible qualifiers for the property | | "QualifierValues" | the list of possible values that can be given to each qualifier | | "DefaultQualifierValues" | the list of default values for the property's qualifiers | | "Description" | a brief textual description of the property | | "Definition" | a detailed textual definition of the property | | "PhysicalQuantity" | the physical quantity associated with the entity-property value | | "Unit" | the unit associated with the entity-property value | * A qualifier value of ``Automatic`` indicates that an applicable format of values can be used; e.g. for the ``"Date"`` qualifier, this includes a proper date or date span. --- ## Examples (4) ### Basic Examples (4) Use ctrl+= for entity discovery: ```wl In[1]:= [image] Out[1]= Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Java::6847c"] ``` --- Find a property value for an entity: ```wl In[1]:= Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "WolframLanguage"]["DateIntroduced"] Out[1]= DateObject[{1988, 6, 23}, "Day"] ``` --- Retrieve a dataset of all available properties for an entity: ```wl In[1]:= Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Fortran::3734k"]["Dataset"] Out[1]= Dataset[Association[EntityProperty["ProgrammingLanguage", "DateIntroduced"] -> DateObject[{1957, 4}, "Month"], EntityProperty["ProgrammingLanguage", "LanguageDesigners"] -> {Entity["Financial", "NYSE:IBM"], Entity["Person", "JohnBackus::58s ... ogrammingLanguage", "ProceduralProgramming"], EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "StructuredProgramming"]}, EntityProperty["Thing", "EntityTypeList"] -> {EntityType["ProgrammingLanguage"]}, EntityProperty["Thing", "Name"] -> "Fortran"]] ``` --- Find programming languages designed by Niklaus Wirth: ```wl In[1]:= EntityClass["ProgrammingLanguage", "LanguageDesigners" -> MemberQ[Entity["Person", "NiklausWirth::qcfx8"]]]//EntityList Out[1]= {Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "ALGOLW::348h4"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Euler::wt92v"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Modula2::4v2pm"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Modula::397x2"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Oberon2::kj3t5"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Oberon::m4884"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "ObjectPascal::r4s7n"], Entity["ProgrammingLanguage", "Pascal::j5sy2"]} ``` ## See Also * [`WolframLanguageSymbol`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/entity/WolframLanguageSymbol.en.md) * [`ProgrammingLanguage`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md) * [`ComputedProgrammingLanguage`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/interpreter/ComputedProgrammingLanguage.en.md) * [`ProgrammingLanguage`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/textcontent/ProgrammingLanguage.en.md) ## Related Guides * [Entity Types](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/EntityTypes.en.md) ## History * [Introduced in 2019 (12.0)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn120.en.md)