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Magnetic circuits under steady-state conditions, i.e., with stationary magnetic fields (change of magnetic flux dΦ/dt = 0) can be described with constant sources of a magnetic potential difference or magnetomotive force (mmf). Constant magnetic potential differences are imposed by

• coils with stationary current (di / dt = 0) and
• permanent magnets modelled with Thévenin's equivalent magnetic circuit.

For modelling of reluctance actuators with this source component it is assumed that the armature is fixed so that no motion-induced flux change dΦ/dt can occur.