Isotope

Variants of a given chemical element that differ in neutron number.

Entity["Isotope",name] or

represents an entity of type "Isotope".

[prop]

gives the value of a specified property.

[{prop_i,…}]

gives the value of a list of properties.

EntityClass["Isotope",{prop_ispec_i,…}]

represents a class of entities with values of prop_i defined by spec_i.

Sample Entities

Sample Entity Classes

Properties

	AtomicMass	atomic mass
	AtomicNumber	atomic number
	AtomicSymbol	atomic symbol
	BindingEnergy	binding energy per nucleon
	BiologicalHalfLife	biological half‐life
	BiologicalLifetime	biological lifetime
	BranchingRatios	branching ratios
	CriticalDiameter	critical diameter
	CriticalMass	critical mass
	CriticalOrgans	critical organs
	DaughterNuclides	daughter nuclides
	DecayConstant	decay constant
	DecayEnergies	Q-value
	DecayModes	decay modes
	DecayModeSymbols	decay modes
	DecayProducts	decay products
	DiagnosticApplications	diagnostic applications
	DiagnosticApplicationsToDiseases	diagnostic applications to diseases
	EffectiveHalfLife	effective half‐life
	EffectiveLifetime	effective lifetime
	EntityClasses	entity classes
	EntityTypeList	entity type list
	ExcitedStateEnergies
	ExcitedStateHalfLives
	ExcitedStateLifetimes	excited state lifetimes
	ExcitedStateParities	excited state parities
	ExcitedStateSpins	excited state spins
	ExcitedStateWidths
	ExternalExposure	external exposure advisory
	FinalDecayProducts	final decay products
	FullSymbol	full symbol
	HalfLife	half‐life
	HalfValueLayer	half‐value layer
	IsotopeAbundance	isotope abundance
	Lifetime	mean lifetime
	MagneticMoment	magnetic moment
	MassDefect	mass defect
	MassExcess	mass excess
	MassNumber	mass number
	MedicalApplications	diagnostic applications
	Memberships	memberships
	MolarMass	molar mass
	MolarRadioactivity	molar radioactivity
	Name	name
	NeutronNumber	neutron number
	Parity	parity
	QuadrupoleMoment	electric quadrupole moment
	QuantumStatistics	type of particle
	Radioactivity	radioactivity
	SpecificRadioactivity	specific activity
	Spin	spin
	SpinParity
	Stable	stable
	Symbol	brief symbol
	TenthValueLayer	tenth‐value layer
	Width	width

Details

"Isotope" entities include all isotopes of all chemical elements.
"Isotope" entity classes include groupings of isotopes by different properties, e.g. isotopes of the same chemical element, isotopes with the same primary decay mode and isotopes with the same atomic number.
Some properties are available for the "Isotope" entity type as a whole and can be given using the form EntityValue["Isotope",property]. Such properties include:

	"Properties"	the list of available properties
	"PropertyCanonicalNames"	the standard names of available properties
	"SampleEntities"	a sample list of available entities (typically of length 10)
	"SampleEntityClasses"	a sample list of available entity classes (typically of length 10)
	"EntityCount"	number of entities available
	"Entities"	the list of available entities
	"EntityCanonicalNames"	the standard names of available entities
	"EntityClasses"	the list of available entity classes
	"EntityClassCanonicalNames"	the standard names of available entity classes
	"PropertyClasses"	the list of available property classes
	"PropertyClassCanonicalNames"	the standard names of available property classes
	"PropertyCount"	number of properties available

The following annotations can be used in the third argument of EntityValue["Isotope",property,annotation]:

	"Source"	source information for the property
	"Date"	the date associated with the entity-property value (if any)
	"EntityAssociation"	an association of entities and entity-property values
	"PropertyAssociation"	an association of properties and entity-property values
	"EntityPropertyAssociation"	an association in which the specified entities are keys, and values are a nested association of properties and entity-property values
	"PropertyEntityAssociation"	an association in which the specified properties are keys, and values are a nested association of entities and entity-property values
	"Dataset"	a dataset in which the specified entities are keys, and values are an association of property names and entity-property values

The following annotations can be used in the second argument of EntityValue[property,annotation]:

	"Qualifiers"	the list of possible qualifiers for the property
	"QualifierValues"	the list of possible values that can be given to each qualifier
	"DefaultQualifierValues"	the list of default values for the property's qualifiers
	"Description"	a brief textual description of the property
	"Definition"	a detailed textual definition of the property
	"PhysicalQuantity"	the physical quantity associated with the entity-property value
	"Unit"	the unit associated with the entity-property value

A qualifier value of Automatic indicates that an applicable format of values can be used; e.g. for the "Date" qualifier, this includes a proper date or date span.

Examples

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Basic Examples (4)

Use for entity discovery:

Find a property value for an entity:

Retrieve a dataset of all available properties for an entity:

Find the isotopes of uranium with the longest half-life:

Neat Examples (1)

Use FixedPoint to find all reachable nuclides from a given starting point:

Use RelationGraph to visualize the decay chain from uranium 232:

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