MaxFilter[image, r] finds the maximum in (2r+1)×(2r+1) blocks centered on each pixel.
At the edges of an image, MaxFilter uses smaller neighborhoods.
MaxFilter[image, {r1, r2}] uses neighborhoods with vertical range r1 and horizontal range r2.
For multichannel images, MaxFilter[image, ...] replaces each pixel by a pixel in its neighborhood that has the maximum total intensity, averaged over all channels.
In MaxFilter[data, ...], data can be an array of any rank.