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Mathematica Syntax
Mathematica has a rich syntax carefully designed for consistency and efficient, readable entry of Mathematica's many language, mathematical, and other constructs. In addition to ordinary linear ASCII input, Mathematica also supports full 2D mathematical input.
Reference
Basic Syntax
f[x,y] — function arguments go in square brackets
Exp, Do, ... — built-in symbols have names beginning with capital letters
{...} (List) ▪ "..." (String) ▪ e[[i]] (Part) ▪ e[[i;;j]] (Span)
Basic Operations
x=val — set a value (=. to clear a value)
x==val — test equality, or represent a symbolic equation (!= for unequal)
lhs:=rhs — function etc. definition
a->b, a→b — rule for transformations, options, etc. (:> for delayed rule)
expr/.rule — replace using a rule ("slash dot")
Mathematics & Operators
+ ▪ - ▪ * ▪ / ▪ ^ (Power) ▪ && (And) ▪ || (Or) ▪ ! (Not) ▪ <> (StringJoin)
a b c — spaces stand for multiplication
Patterns
x_ — any expression ("x blank")
x__, x___ — sequences of arbitrary expressions ("x double blank", ...)
x:p — pattern name
p:d — pattern default
.. (Repeated) ▪ | (Alternatives) ▪ /; (Condition) ▪ ? (PatternTest)
Pure Functions
expr& — a pure function
#, #2, etc. — arguments in a pure function
Short Forms
f@expr — prefix function application
expr//f — postfix function application ("slash slash")
/@ (Map — "slash at") ▪ @@, @@@ (Apply) ▪ ~~ (StringExpression) ▪ === (SameQ)
Program Syntax
expr;expr;expr — sequence of commands (CompoundExpression)
<<file — input a file (>>file, >>>file for outputting to a file)
ccc`nnn — symbol in context ccc
Mathematica Session Syntax
% — most recent output (%n for output on line n)
?x — information on symbol 
