MathML (.mml)

Import and Export fully support the MathML 2.0 specification.

Background & Context

- MIME type: text/mathml, application/mathml+xml
- MathML mathematical markup language.
- Used for integrating mathematical formulas in web documents.
- Rendering of embedded MathML is supported by a number of browsers and browser additions.
- Specifies the presentation and the semantic content of mathematical formulas.
- XML-based format.
- Based on a draft that was derived from the Wolfram typesetting language.
- Introduced in 1999 and updated in 2003 by the W3C math working group.

Import & Export

Import["file.mml"] imports a MathML file and returns a box expression.
Export["file.mml",expr] exports an arbitrary expression to MathML.
Import["file.mml"] reads the MathML presentation elements from a file and converts them to the corresponding Wolfram Language box expression.
Import["file.mml","Expression"] converts MathML to a Wolfram Language expression using TraditionalForm interpretation rules.
Export["file.mml",expr] converts a box expression or an arbitrary Wolfram Language expression to MathML.
When exporting an arbitrary mathematical expression, its presentation and its context are represented in the resulting MathML.
Import["file.mml",elem] imports the specified element from a MathML file.
Import["file.mml",{{elem₁,elem₂,…}}] imports multiple elements.
The import format can be specified with Import["file", "MathML"] or Import["file",{"MathML",elem,…}].
Export["file.mml",expr, elem] creates a MathML file by treating expr as specifying element elem.
Export["file.mml",{expr₁,expr₂,…},{{elem₁,elem₂,…}}] treats each expr_i as specifying the corresponding elem_i.
Export["file.mml",expr,opt₁->val₁,…] exports expr with the specified option elements taken to have the specified values.
Export["file.mml",{elem₁->expr₁,elem₂->expr₂,…},"Rules"] uses rules to specify the elements to be exported.
The export format can be explicitly specified in the form Export["file",expr,"MathML"] or Export["file",expr,{"MathML",elems}].
See the reference pages for full general information on Import and Export.
ImportString and ExportString support the MathML format.

Import Elements

General Import elements:

	"Elements"	list of elements and options available in this file
	"Rules"	full list of rules for each element and option
	"Options"	list of rules for options, properties, and settings

Data representation elements:

	"Boxes"	MathML typeset as a Wolfram Language box expression
	"Expression"	arbitrary Wolfram Language expression
	"HeldExpression"	unevaluated expression
	"XMLObject"	MathML as a symbolic XML expression
	"XMLElement"	nested XMLElement objects

Import and Export use the "Boxes" element by default.

Options

Export options:

"Annotations"	{}	which annotations to include
"Presentation"	True	whether to export MathML presentation elements
"Content"	False	whether to export MathML content elements

The setting for "Annotations" is a list which may include any number of the choices "DocumentHeader", "XMLDeclaration", and "DOCTYPEDeclaration".

Examples

Basic Examples (2)

Exporting an arbitrary mathematical expression by default generates presentation MathML:

This creates combined presentation and content MathML:

This generates pure content MathML:

Define and display a Wolfram Language box expression:

Convert it to presentation MathML:

Convert the previous output to a box expression and display it:

Import automatically recognizes the MathML format:

Show the available Import elements:

Convert MathML to an evaluated expression:

Import MathML as a symbolic XML expression:

Introduced in 1999

(4.0)

Updated in 2007

(6.0)

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