ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars,pars]
生成带有变量 vars 和参数 pars 的电流偏微分方程项.
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars,pars]
生成带有变量 vars 和参数 pars 的电流偏微分方程项.
更多信息
- ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 通常用于生成具有模型变量 vars 和模型参数 pars 的电流连续性方程.
- ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 返回一组微分算子之和,用作偏微分方程的一部分:
- ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 创建用于稳态、频率和参数分析的偏微分方程项.
- ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 模拟导电材料中由直流或交流电流产生的电场,在此情况下可忽略磁效应和感应效应.
- ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 的结果可用于计算电流密度的大小. »
- ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 模拟稳态或谐波电场,其中电标量电势
[
] 为因变量,
[
] 为自变量. - 稳态变量 vars 为 vars={V[x1,…,xn],{x1,…,xn}}.
- 时间依赖变量 vars are vars={V[t,x1,…,xn],t,{x1,…,xn}}.
- 与频率相关的变量 vars 为 vars={V[x1,…,xn],ω,{x1,…,xn}}.
- 电流连续性方程为
,其中体电荷密度
,单位为 [
],时间变量
,单位为 [
],电流密度向量
,单位为 [
]. - 本构材料模型方程,即欧姆定律,为
,其中
[
] 为导电率,
[
] 为电场强度,且有
. - ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 提供了一个稳态电流模型,其中
是一个外部产生的电流密度矢量, 单位为 [
],
代表电流源,单位为 [
]: - ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 提供了一个时域模型,其中时间变量为
[
],真空介电常数为
[
] 和相对介电常数为
[
]: - ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 提供了一个频域模型,其中
[
] 为真空介电常数,
[
] 为极化向量,
[
] 为角频率,
为虚数单位: - 对于线性材料,频率域模型可以简化为:
是无量纲的相对介电常数.
可以是各向同性、正交各向异性,或完全各向异性.- 对于电流模型,隐含的默认边界条件是 0 ElectricCurrentDensityValue.
- 电流模型中各项的单位是 [
]. - 可以给出以下参数 pars:
-
参数 默认值 符号 "CrossSectionalArea" 1 横截面积
,单位为 [
] "CurrentSource" 0 电流源
,单位为 [
]"ElectricalConductivity" 1
,单位为 [
]"ExternalCurrentSource" {0,…} 外部电流密度矢量
,单位为 [
]"Material" - 无 "RegionSymmetry" None 
"Thickness" 1 厚度
,单位为 [
] - 如果指定了 "Material",则相关的材料常数将从材料数据中提取;否则,需要明确指定相关的材料参数.
- 对于频域模型,可以指定额外的参数:
-
参数 默认值 符号 "Polarization" {0,…} 极化矢量
,单位为 [
]"RelativePermittivity" 1
,无量纲的相对介电常数"RemanentPolarization" {0,…} 残余极化矢量
,单位为 [
]"VacuumPermittivity" 
真空介电常数
,单位为 [
] - 所有参数可能取决于空间变量
和因变量
. - 自变量
的数量决定了
、
和
的维度,以及矢量
、
和
的长度. - 参数 "RegionSymmetry" 的可能选择是 "Axisymmetric".
- "Axisymmetric" 区域对称性表示一个截断的柱坐标系,其中柱坐标通过移除角变量被简化,具体如下:
-
维度 简化 例如:稳态方程 1D 

2D 

- 在一维情况下,如果指定了 "CrossSectionalArea"
,ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 方程如下: - 在一维情况下,如果指定了 "Thickness"
,ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 方程如下: - 在一维轴对称情况下,当指定 "Thickness"
时,ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 方程如下: - 参数的输入规范与其相应的运算符项完全相同.
- 如果不指定参数,则默认电流偏微分方程为:
- 如果 ElectricCurrentPDEComponent 取决于在关联 pars 中指定为 …,keypi…,pivi,… 的参数
,则参数
将替换为
.
范例
打开所有单元 关闭所有单元基本范例 (4)
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, Entity["Element", "Copper"]]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[t, x, y], t, {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ, "RelativePermittivity" -> Subscript[ϵ, 𝓇], "VacuumPermittivity" -> Subscript[ϵ, 0], "Thickness" -> d|>]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], ω, {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ, "RelativePermittivity" -> Subscript[ϵ, 𝓇], "VacuumPermittivity" -> Subscript[ϵ, 0], "Thickness" -> d|>]Vfun = NDSolveValue[{ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> 6*^7|>] == 0, ElectricPotentialCondition[y == -2, {V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricPotential" -> 0|>], ElectricPotentialCondition[y == 2, {V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricPotential" -> 1|>]}, V, {x, y}∈RegionUnion[Rectangle[{-1, -2}, {1, -0.3}], Rectangle[{-1, 0.3}, {1, 2}], Rectangle[{-0.3, -0.3}, {0.3, 0.3}]]];Jfield = -6*^7 * Grad[Vfun[x, y], {x, y}];VectorPlot[Jfield, {x, y}∈RegionUnion[Rectangle[{-1, -2}, {1, -0.3}], Rectangle[{-1, 0.3}, {1, 2}], Rectangle[{-0.3, -0.3}, {0.3, 0.3}]], AspectRatio -> Automatic]范围 (8)
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ, "ExternalCurrentSource" -> {Jex[x, y], Jey[x, y]}, "CurrentSource" -> Subscript[Q, v], "Thickness" -> d|>]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[X, y], {x, y}}, <|"Material" -> Entity["Element", "Gold"]|>]指定一个稳态电流的偏微分方程,其中电导率
(单位为 [
]),外部电流密度
(单位为[
]):
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> Quantity[4.5*^7, "Siemens"/"Meters"], "ExternalCurrentSource" -> {Quantity[10, "Amperes"/"Meters"^2], 0}|>]用 Activate 激活一个特定材料的稳态电流偏微分方程模型:
Activate[ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[X, y], {x, y}}, <|"Material" -> Entity["Element", "Gold"]|>]]通过电导率
、外部电流、电流源和厚度,定义一个符号稳态电流偏微分方程:
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ, "ExternalCurrentSource" -> {Jex[x, y], Jey[x, y]}, "CurrentSource" -> Subscript[Q, v], "Thickness" -> d|>]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[r, z], {r, z}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ, "ExternalCurrentSource" -> {Jer[r, z], Jez[r, z]}, "CurrentSource" -> Subscript[Q, v], "RegionSymmetry" -> "Axisymmetric"|>]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y, z], ω, {x, y, z}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> 4.5*^7, "RelativePermittivity" -> IdentityMatrix[3]|>]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[t, x, y, z], t, {x, y, z}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> 4.5*^7|>]应用 (5)
二维稳态分析 (1)
Vfun = NDSolveValue[{ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> 6*^7|>] == 0, ElectricPotentialCondition[y == -7.5, {V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricPotential" -> 0|>], ElectricPotentialCondition[y == 7.5, {V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricPotential" -> 5|>]}, V, {x, y}∈RegionUnion[Rectangle[{0, 2.5}, {10, 7.5}], Rectangle[{9, -2.5}, {10 + 9, 2.5}], Rectangle[{0, -7.5}, {10, -2.5}]]];Jfield = -6*^7 * Grad[Vfun[x, y], {x, y}];VectorPlot[Jfield, {x, y}∈RegionUnion[Rectangle[{0, 2.5}, {10, 7.5}], Rectangle[{9, -2.5}, {10 + 9, 2.5}], Rectangle[{0, -7.5}, {10, -2.5}]], AspectRatio -> Automatic]三维稳态分析 (3)
对用
[
] 的直流电 (DC) 激励的铜线进行建模,其上边界为电流密度边界条件,下边界为零电势条件.
vars = {V[x, y, z], {x, y, z}};
pars = <|"Material" -> Entity["Element", "Copper"]|>;op = ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars, pars];Subscript[Γ, ground] = ElectricPotentialCondition[z == 0, vars, pars, <|"ElectricPotential" -> 0|>];Subscript[Γ, source] = ElectricCurrentDensityValue[z == 0.01, vars, pars, <|"Current" -> 1|>];Ω = Cylinder[{{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 0.01}}, 0.0005];Vfun = NDSolveValue[{op == Subscript[Γ, source], Subscript[Γ, ground]}, V, {x, y, z}∈Ω]Show[Graphics3D[{Opacity[0.2], Ω}, Boxed -> False],
SliceDensityPlot3D[Vfun[x, y, z], {x, y, z}∈Ω, ...]]对电位差为
[
]的钨丝进行建模. 设置平稳电流偏微分方程模型变量
和
:
vars = {V[x, y, z], {x, y, z}};
pars = <|"Material" -> Entity["Element", "Tungsten"]|>;op = ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars, pars];L = 0.05;
r = 0.0025;
R = 0.0075;Ω = \!\(\*Graphics3DBox[«5»]\);在左端边界应用电势边界条件
[
],在右端边界处应用零电势条件. 在两端各留出
的容差,以解决离散域中的数值误差.
Subscript[Γ, potential] = {ElectricPotentialCondition[Abs[x] ≤ 0.01r && y^2 + z^2 ≤ r^2, vars, pars, <|"ElectricPotential" -> 0.2|>], ElectricPotentialCondition[Abs[y + r] ≤ 0.01r && (x - (L + 2R + r))^2 + z^2 ≤ r^2, vars, pars]};Vfun = NDSolveValue[{op == 0, Subscript[Γ, potential]}, V, {x, y, z}∈Ω]Jfield = -QuantityMagnitude[pars["Material"]["ElectricalConductivity"]] * Grad[Vfun[x, y, z], {x, y, z}];SliceDensityPlot3D[Sqrt[Total[Jfield ^ 2]], {{"XStackedPlanes", 10}, {"YStackedPlanes", 12}, {"ZStackedPlanes", 3}}, {x, y, z}∈Ω, ...]建立一个铜螺旋电感器模型,该电感器在左边界以法线电流密度激励,右边界的电动势边界条件为零.
Ω = RegionUnion[Cuboid[{0, 0, 0}, {2, 1, 1}], Cuboid[{1, 1, 0}, {2, 8, 1}], Cuboid[{2, 7, 0}, {8, 8, 1}], Cuboid[{7, 7, 0}, {8, 0, 1}], Cuboid[{7, 0, 0}, {3, 1, 1}], Cuboid[{3, 1, 0}, {4, 6, 1}], Cuboid[{4, 6, 0}, {6, 5, 1}], Cuboid[{6, 5, 0}, {5, 2, 1}], Cuboid[{5, 2, 1}, {6, 3, 1.2}], Cuboid[{5, 2, 1.2}, {10, 3, 2.2}]]vars = {V[x, y, z], {x, y, z}};
pars = <|"Material" -> Entity["Element", "Copper"]|>;Subscript[Γ, source] = ElectricCurrentDensityValue[x == 0, vars, pars, <|"NormalCurrentDensity" -> 10|>];Subscript[Γ, ground] = ElectricPotentialCondition[x == 10, vars, pars];Vfun = NDSolveValue[{ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars, pars] == Subscript[Γ, source], Subscript[Γ, ground]}, V, {x, y, z}∈Ω]Jfield = -QuantityMagnitude[pars["Material"]["ElectricalConductivity"]] * Grad[Vfun[x, y, z], {x, y, z}];SliceDensityPlot3D[Sqrt[Total[Jfield ^ 2]], {{"XStackedPlanes", 10}, {"YStackedPlanes", 10}, {"ZStackedPlanes", 5}}, {x, y, z}∈Ω, ...]频率分析 (1)
对圆柱形电容器的介电材料进行建模,该电容器用
[
] 的交流电 (AC) 激励,在上电极应用电流密度边界条件,在下边界应用零电势边界条件.
vars = {V[x, y, z], ω, {x, y, z}};f0 = 60;
T0 = 1 / f0;r0 = 0.01;
h = 0.001;
Ω = Cylinder[{{0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, h}}, r0];pars = <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> 1*^-8, "RelativePermittivity" -> 2|>;Subscript[Γ, ground] = ElectricPotentialCondition[z == 0, vars, pars];Subscript[Γ, current] = ElectricCurrentDensityValue[z == h, vars, pars, <|"Current" -> 1*^-7|>];op = ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[vars, pars];Vfun = NDSolveValue[{(op /. {ω -> 2 Pi f0}) == Subscript[Γ, current], Subscript[Γ, ground]}, V, {x, y, z}∈Ω]Vlist = Table[{t, Re[Vfun[0, 0, h] * Exp[I ω t] /. {ω -> 2 Pi f0}]}, {t, 0, 3 * T0, T0 / 100}];ListLinePlot[Vlist]可能存在的问题 (2)
对于符号计算,"ElectricalConductivity"、"VacuumPermittivity" 或 "RelativePermittivity" 参数应该以矩阵形式给出:
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], ω, {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ * IdentityMatrix[2], "VacuumPermittivity" -> Subscript[ϵ, 0], "RelativePermittivity" -> {{Subscript[ϵ, r11], 0}, {0, Subscript[ϵ, r12]}}|>]//Activate对于数值,"ElectricalConductivity"、"VacuumPermittivity" 或 "RelativePermittivity" 参数自动转换为适当维度的矩阵:
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], {x, y}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> 10|>]ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x], {x}}, <|"ElectricalConductivity" -> σ|>]%//Activate对于频域模型,当指定 "Material" 时,材料参数不可用:
ElectricCurrentPDEComponent[{V[x, y], ω, {x, y}}, <|"Material" -> Entity["Element", "Copper"]|>]技术笔记
-
▪
- 电流 ▪
- 静电学 ▪
- PDEModel 概览
相关指南
-
▪
- 电磁偏微分方程以及边界条件 ▪
- 偏微分方程术语
文本
Wolfram Research (2024),ElectricCurrentPDEComponent,Wolfram 语言函数,https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentPDEComponent.html (更新于 2025 年).
CMS
Wolfram 语言. 2024. "ElectricCurrentPDEComponent." Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心. Wolfram Research. 最新版本 2025. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentPDEComponent.html.
APA
Wolfram 语言. (2024). ElectricCurrentPDEComponent. Wolfram 语言与系统参考资料中心. 追溯自 https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentPDEComponent.html 年
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2026_electriccurrentpdecomponent, author="Wolfram Research", title="{ElectricCurrentPDEComponent}", year="2025", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentPDEComponent.html}", note=[Accessed: 11-September-2026]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2026_electriccurrentpdecomponent, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={ElectricCurrentPDEComponent}, year={2025}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ElectricCurrentPDEComponent.html}, note=[Accessed: 11-September-2026]}