# GreenFunction

GreenFunction[{[u[x]],[u[x]]},u,{x,xmin,xmax},y]

gives a Green's function for the linear differential operator with boundary conditions in the range xmin to xmax.

GreenFunction[{[u[x1,x2,]],[u[x1,x2,]]},u,{x1,x2,}Ω,{y1,y2,}]

gives a Green's function for the linear partial differential operator over the region Ω.

GreenFunction[{[u[x,t]],[u[x,t]]},u,{x,xmin,xmax},t,{y,τ}]

gives a Green's function for the linear time-dependent operator in the range xmin to xmax.

GreenFunction[{[u[x1,,t]],[u[x1,,t]]},u,{x1,}Ω,t,{y1,,τ}]

gives a Green's function for the linear time-dependent operator over the region Ω.

# Details and Options

• GreenFunction represents the response of a system to an impulsive DiracDelta driving function.
• GreenFunction for a differential operator is defined to be a solution of that satisfies the given homogeneous boundary conditions .
• A particular solution of with homogeneous boundary conditions can be obtained by performing a convolution integral .
• GreenFunction for a time-dependent differential operator is defined to be a solution of that satisfies the given homogeneous boundary conditions .
• A particular solution of with homogeneous boundary conditions can be obtained by performing a convolution integral .
• The Green's functions for classical PDEs have characteristic geometrical properties:
• is given as an expression in and if the dependent variable is of the form , and as a pure function with formal parameters and if the dependent variable is of the form instead of . »
• The region Ω can be anything for which RegionQ[Ω] is True.
• All the necessary initial and boundary conditions for ODEs must be specified in .
• Boundary conditions for PDEs must be specified using DirichletCondition or NeumannValue in .
• Assumptions on parameters may be specified using the Assumptions option.

# Examples

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## Basic Examples(2)

Green's function for a boundary value problem:

Green's function for the heat operator on the real line:

## Scope(22)

### Basic Uses(2)

Compute the Green's function for an ordinary differential operator:

Obtain a pure function in the result by using u instead of u[x] in the second argument:

Compute the Green's function for a partial differential operator:

Obtain a pure function in the result by using u instead of u[x,t] in the second argument:

### Ordinary Differential Equations(4)

Compute the Green's function for an initial value problem:

Compute the Green's function for a Dirichlet problem:

Compute the Green's function for a Neumann problem:

Compute the Green's function for a Robin problem:

### Wave Equation(4)

Green's function for the wave operator on the real line:

Green's function for the wave operator with a Dirichlet condition on a half-line:

Green's function for the wave operator with a Neumann condition on a half-line:

Green's function for the wave operator with a Dirichlet condition on an interval:

### Heat Equation(5)

Green's function for the heat operator on the real line:

Green's function for the heat operator with a Dirichlet condition on a half-line:

Green's function for the heat operator with a Dirichlet condition on an interval:

Green's function for the heat operator with a Neumann condition on an interval:

Green's function for the heat operator in the plane:

### Laplace Equation(4)

Green's function for the Laplacian in two dimensions:

Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian in a quadrant of the plane:

Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian in a rectangle:

Green's function for the Laplacian in three dimensions:

### Helmholtz Equation(3)

Green's function for the Helmholtz operator in two dimensions:

Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz operator in the upper half-plane:

Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz operator in a rectangle:

## Options(1)

### Assumptions(1)

Specify Assumptions on parameters in GreenFunction:

Obtain a simpler result under the assumption that t>s:

## Applications(9)

### Ordinary Differential Equations(4)

Solve an initial value problem for an inhomogeneous differential equation using GreenFunction:

Define a forcing function:

Perform a convolution of the Green's function with the forcing function:

Compare with the result given by DSolveValue:

Solve a Dirichlet problem for an inhomogeneous differential equation using GreenFunction:

Define a forcing function:

Perform a convolution of the Green's function with the forcing function:

Compare with the result given by DSolveValue:

Solve a Neumann problem for an inhomogeneous differential equation using GreenFunction:

Define a forcing function:

Perform a convolution of the Green's function with the forcing function:

Compare with the result given by DSolveValue:

Solve a Robin problem for an inhomogeneous differential equation using GreenFunction:

Define a forcing function:

Perform a convolution of the Green's function with the forcing function:

Compare with the result given by DSolveValue:

### Partial Differential Equations(2)

Solve the inhomogeneous wave equation using GreenFunction:

Define the inhomogeneous term:

Solve the inhomogeneous equation using :

Compare with the solution given by DSolveValue:

Solve an initial value problem for the heat equation using GreenFunction:

Specify an initial value:

Solve the initial value problem using :

Compare with the solution given by DSolveValue:

### Physics and Engineering(3)

Compute the current i[t] in a circuit with a voltage source v[t] that is connected to a resistor R and an inductor L. The operator for this circuit is given by:

Diagram for the circuit:

Compute the Green's function:

Find the current for a given voltage source:

Compute the displacement u[x] for a string of length p and tension T that is fixed at the two ends and is subjected to a force per unit length of f[x]. The operator for the displacement is given by:

Force diagram:

Compute the Green's function:

Find the displacement for a given force:

The impulse response of a continuous linear time-invariant system can be found by using the Green's function for the system with homogeneous initial conditions. Compute the impulse response for the system defined by:

Green's function for the system with homogeneous initial conditions:

Obtain the impulse response by setting s=0:

Plot the impulse response:

## Properties & Relations(2)

Compute a Green's function for a differential equation:

Obtain the same result using DSolve:

GreenFunction is related to OutputResponse and TransferFunctionModel:

Wolfram Research (2016), GreenFunction, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.html.

#### Text

Wolfram Research (2016), GreenFunction, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.html.

#### CMS

Wolfram Language. 2016. "GreenFunction." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.html.

#### APA

Wolfram Language. (2016). GreenFunction. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.html

#### BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2021_greenfunction, author="Wolfram Research", title="{GreenFunction}", year="2016", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.html}", note=[Accessed: 24-May-2022 ]}

#### BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2021_greenfunction, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={GreenFunction}, year={2016}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GreenFunction.html}, note=[Accessed: 24-May-2022 ]}