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Date & Time
Mathematica has a highly flexible system for handling dates and times in almost any format, automatically converting between formats and, when necessary, parsing strings representing dates.
Reference
DateString — current or specified date as a string in many possible formats
$DateStringFormat — default date string format
$TimeZone — resettable current time zone
DateList — date elements as numbers in 
format
AbsoluteTime — absolute time in seconds
Clock — real-time dynamic clock variable
Date Operations
DateRange — generate a list of dates
DatePlus — add or subtract days, weeks, etc. in a date list or string
DateDifference — find the difference in days, weeks, etc. between two dates
LeapYearQ — determine if the date is in a leap year
Monday ▪ Tuesday ▪ Wednesday ▪ Thursday ▪ Friday ▪ Saturday ▪ Sunday
Day Operations
DayRange — generate a list of days
DayPlus — add or subtract days
DayRound — round to the nearest day of a specific type
DayCount — compute the difference between days
DayMatchQ — determine the day type
BusinessDayQ — determine if the day is a business day
DayName — determine the day of the week
CalendarData — discover available calendars
Visualization
DateListPlot, DateListLogPlot — plot data associated with dates in any format
Date Import/Export
"Table" ▪ "XLS" ▪ "MDB" ▪ "ApacheLog" ▪ "MBOX" ▪ ...
DatePattern — date pattern for string manipulation
"XLS" ▪ "ApacheLog" ▪ "MBOX"
CPU Timing »
Timing ▪ AbsoluteTiming ▪ TimeConstrained ▪ SessionTime ▪ ...
