MatrixPower
✖
MatrixPower

Details and Options

- MatrixPower[m,n] effectively evaluates the product of a matrix with itself n times. »
- When n is negative, MatrixPower finds powers of the inverse of the matrix m. »
- When n is not an integer, MatrixPower effectively evaluates the power series for the function, with ordinary powers replaced by matrix powers. »
- MatrixPower works only on square matrices.
Examples
open allclose allBasic Examples (4)Summary of the most common use cases

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-xwd5iw

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-g1vpp7


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-gpxvco

Square the inverse of a symbolic matrix:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-s2vrv6

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-p2yv4u


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-i5k570

Raise a matrix to the 10th power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-fgeyhr

Notice that this is different from raising each entry to the 10th power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-z7yg6i

Compute a symbolic matrix power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-fjqltk

Scope (15)Survey of the scope of standard use cases
Basic Uses (9)
Raise a machine-precision matrix to a positive integer power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-f6rr16

Raise it to a fractional power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-dwwq18


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-etp19y

Raise an exact matrix to an integer power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-hml8lc

Raise it to a fractional power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-84v7wg

Raise an arbitrary-precision matrix to a negative integer power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-s9aujl


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-vhxry5

Raise it to an irrational power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-isvqws

Raise a symbolic matrix to an integer power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-u07efd

Raise a matrix to a symbolic power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-gk4zm8

Raising large machine-precision matrices to a power is efficient:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-dkq7nk

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-lx8juz

Directly applying the power to a single vector is even more efficient:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-rz897y

Raise a matrix with finite field elements to an integer power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-m5yk5


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-6dui5

Raise a CenteredInterval matrix to an integer power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-kzui0z


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-3yenu

Find a random representative mrep of m:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-kte9zj

Verify that mpow contains MatrixPower[mrep,17]:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-fxghe1

Special Matrices (6)
The result of raising a sparse matrix to a positive integer power is returned as a sparse matrix:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-ocj3kf


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-fm3xwv


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-eordwx

Raising a sparse matrix to a other powers will typically produce a normal matrix:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-w5fh2s

Directly apply the power of of a sparse matrix to a sparse vector:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-27tx1h


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-u09q39


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-luf4td

Raising a structured array to a power will be returned as a structured array if possible:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-lw5ui2


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-owi93v


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-wdjmwi


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-j45yx1

IdentityMatrix raised to any power is itself:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-8vb729

More generally, the power of any diagonal matrix is the power of its diagonal elements:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-7h79pn

Raise HilbertMatrix to a negative power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-gk8bid

Compute the power of a
matrix of univariate polynomials of degree
:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-cupbp5

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-j0guy7

Applications (5)Sample problems that can be solved with this function
Find the fundamental solution for the constant coefficient system of difference equations :

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-i7hdrx
Define fundamental solution using MatrixPower:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-bb4wx7

Show that it satisfies the equation:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-sbvna

It satisfies the initial condition for a fundamental solution:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-e9n3i5

Find the matrix exponential for a matrix without a full set of eigenvectors:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-fgg4zt

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-cbrg65

Compute the exponential as the power series for each term:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-y2eie9


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-b5b67u

Construct a rotation matrix as a limit of repeated infinitesimal transformations:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-gu0


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-gky

Inverse power iteration for the smallest eigenvalue of a sparse positive definite matrix:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-e9m8tc


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-k7qew0


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-bdprov

Shifted inverse power iteration for the largest eigenvalue:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-h56h4r


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-j5za93

An easy way to evaluate a matrix polynomial:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-bumnmg

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-b4tjud

Evaluate a characteristic polynomial:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-dgf4i2

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-dhg5rx


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-m0a5y

Properties & Relations (10)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions
For a positive integer power , MatrixPower[m,n] is equivalent to
(
times):

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-488g3

Write the formula more compactly with Apply (@@):

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-cexd40

For a negative integer power , MatrixPower[m,-n] is equivalent to
(
times):

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-7uobuq

Write the formula more compactly with Apply:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-rd2mf2

In particular, negative matrix powers are not defined for singular matrices:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-ewl63b


For a nonsingular matrix m, MatrixPower[m,0] is the identity matrix:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-i8qv5a

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-fu5ten


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-nlwvai

If m is nonsingular, MatrixPower[m, n].MatrixPower[m,-n] is the identity:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-lguki5

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-hanknz

For noninteger powers, MatrixPower effectively uses the power series, with Power replaced by MatrixPower:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-xbn62t

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-1hl7r6

Equivalently, MatrixPower is MatrixFunction applied to the appropriate function for the power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-dks9sn

The matrix power of a diagonal matrix is a diagonal matrix with the diagonal entries raised to that power:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-enlw5a

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-dc9c5


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-bq7f2a

For any power and diagonalizable matrix
, MatrixPower[m,s] equals
:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-w71q0i

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-n77187

Use JordanDecomposition to find a diagonalization:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-1b5ari

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-e99dvg


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-udii8o


https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-gsf7gz

For a real symmetric matrix s and integer power n, MatrixPower[s,n] is also real and symmetric:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-jhd6et

The analogous statement is true for Hermitian matrices:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-m9n2o3

For am orthogonal matrix o and any power s, MatrixPower[o,s] is also orthogonal:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-ldg0ke

The analogous statement is true for unitary matrices:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-8vduyj

can be computed from the JordanDecomposition
as
:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-sgp8bx

Moreover, is zero except in upper-triangular blocks delineated by
s in the superdiagonal:

https://wolfram.com/xid/0bdo09sse-o739h8

Wolfram Research (1991), MatrixPower, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html (updated 2024).
Text
Wolfram Research (1991), MatrixPower, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html (updated 2024).
Wolfram Research (1991), MatrixPower, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html (updated 2024).
CMS
Wolfram Language. 1991. "MatrixPower." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2024. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html.
Wolfram Language. 1991. "MatrixPower." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2024. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html.
APA
Wolfram Language. (1991). MatrixPower. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html
Wolfram Language. (1991). MatrixPower. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html
BibTeX
@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_matrixpower, author="Wolfram Research", title="{MatrixPower}", year="2024", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html}", note=[Accessed: 24-March-2025
]}
BibLaTeX
@online{reference.wolfram_2025_matrixpower, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={MatrixPower}, year={2024}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MatrixPower.html}, note=[Accessed: 24-March-2025
]}