--- title: "ImageRotate" language: "en" type: "Symbol" summary: "ImageRotate[image] rotates image by 90° about its center in the x-y plane. ImageRotate[image, \\[Theta]] rotates image by \\[Theta] radians. ImageRotate[image, {\\[Theta], w}] rotates a 3D image around the 3D vector w. ImageRotate[image, ..., size] gives an image of the specified size. ImageRotate[video, ...] rotate frames of video." keywords: - image rotate - flip image - image manipulation - rotation - aspect ratio - image orientation - photo processing - shearing - affine transform - imrotate canonical_url: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRotate.html" source: "Wolfram Language Documentation" related_guides: - title: "Basic Image Manipulation" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BasicImageManipulation.en.md" - title: "Image Processing & Analysis" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageProcessing.en.md" - title: "3D Images" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/3DImages.en.md" - title: "Geometric Operations" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageGeometry.en.md" - title: "Video Computation: Update History" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoComputation-UpdateHistory.en.md" - title: "Video Editing" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoEditing.en.md" - title: "Computational Photography" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalPhotography.en.md" - title: "Angles and Polar Coordinates" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AnglesAndPolarCoordinates.en.md" related_functions: - title: "ImageReflect" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageReflect.en.md" - title: "ImageResize" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageResize.en.md" - title: "ImagePerspectiveTransformation" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePerspectiveTransformation.en.md" - title: "RotationTransform" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotationTransform.en.md" - title: "ImageAdjust" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdjust.en.md" - title: "ImageCrop" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCrop.en.md" - title: "Rotate" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md" related_tutorials: - title: "Image Processing" link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ImageProcessing.en.md" --- # ImageRotate ImageRotate[image] rotates image by 90° about its center in the $x$ - $y$ plane. ImageRotate[image, θ] rotates image by θ radians. ImageRotate[image, {θ, w}] rotates a 3D image around the 3D vector w. ImageRotate[image, …, size] gives an image of the specified size. ImageRotate[video, …] rotate frames of video. ## Details and Options * ``ImageRotate`` rotates an image about its center or any other point of rotation. It is commonly used to fix the image orientation or align it with the horizon. * ``ImageRotate[image, …]`` rotates ``image`` about its center. [image] * For video inputs, the rotation specification can be a fixed specification for all frames or a function of time (in seconds from the start). * For 2D images and videos, ``ImageRotate[input, side]`` rotates ``input`` to make the top of the image be on the specified ``side``. ``ImageRotate[input, side1 -> side2]`` rotates ``input`` to make ``side1`` be on ``side2``. Possible side specifications are: ``Top``, ``Bottom``, ``Left``, ``Right``. * ``ImageRotate[image, side]`` is equivalent to ``ImageRotate[image, Top -> side]``. * Possible specifications for ``size`` include: | | | | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | width | crop to width | | {width, height} | crop to {width, height} | | {width, depth, height} | crop a 3D image to {width, depth, height} | | Automatic | smallest rectangle to enclose all of the rotated image | | All | smallest square to accommodate the rotated image for any rotation angle | | Full | use the dimensions of the input image | | "MaxAreaCropping" | crop to include only input pixels while maximizing area | | "SameRatioCropping" | crop to include only input pixels while preserving ratios | * The following options are supported: | | | | | ----------- | --------- | -------------------------------- | | Background | 0 | background color to use | | Masking | All | region of interest to be rotated | | Padding | 0 | padding of the original image | | Resampling | Automatic | resampling method | * ``Masking`` option can be one of the following: | | | | ---- | ----------------------- | | All | input image only | | Full | input image and padding | | mask | any mask image | ## Examples (20) ### Basic Examples (2) Rotate an image counterclockwise by 90°: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image]] Out[1]= [image] ``` --- Rotate an image counterclockwise by 20°: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image], 20 °] Out[1]= [image] ``` ### Scope (8) #### Data (4) Rotate a grayscale image: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image]] Out[1]= [image] ``` --- Rotate a color image: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image]] Out[1]= [image] ``` --- Rotate frames of a video: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[\!\(\*VideoBox["![Video Player: ExampleData/fish.mp4](video://content-83a60)"]\)] Out[1]= [image] ``` --- Rotate a 3D image in the $x$ - $y$ plane: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image]] Out[1]= [image] ``` #### Rotation Angle (3) Turn a photo to the right: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image], Right] Out[1]= [image] ``` Rotate the photo 180°: ```wl In[2]:= ImageRotate[[image], Top -> Bottom] Out[2]= [image] ``` Specify the amount of the rotation in radians: ```wl In[3]:= ImageRotate[[image], π / 4] Out[3]= [image] ``` Rotate the photo by 45°: ```wl In[4]:= ImageRotate[[image], 45°] Out[4]= [image] ``` --- Rotate frames of a video with a time-dependent rotation: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[\!\(\*VideoBox["![Video Player: ExampleData/fish.mp4](video://content-83a60)"]\), t \[Function] 2t, Full] Out[1]= [image] ``` --- By default, the image is rotated around the $z$ axis: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; ImageRotate[i, π / 2] Out[1]= [image] ``` Rotate 3D image around the $x$ axis: ```wl In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, {π / 5, {1, 0, 0}}] Out[2]= [image] ``` Rotate around the main diagonal: ```wl In[3]:= ImageRotate[i, {π / 5, {1, 1, 1}}] Out[3]= [image] ``` #### Output Size (1) By default, padding is used to show the smallest rectangle that encloses all of the rotated image: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, 15 °] Out[2]= [image] ``` Crop to the size of the original image: ```wl In[3]:= ImageRotate[i, 15 °, Full] Out[3]= [image] ``` Crop to the specified width: ```wl In[4]:= ImageRotate[i, 15 °, 150] Out[4]= [image] ``` Crop to the input image pixels while preserving aspect ratio: ```wl In[5]:= ImageRotate[i, 15 °, "SameRatioCropping"] Out[5]= [image] ``` Crop to the input image pixels while maximizing area: ```wl In[6]:= ImageRotate[i, 15 °, "MaxAreaCropping"] Out[6]= [image] ``` Crop to the smallest square that accommodates all rotation angles: ```wl In[7]:= ImageRotate[i, #, All]& /@ {5 °, 45°} Out[7]= {[image], [image]} ``` ### Options (5) #### Background (1) By default, a black background is used: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; ImageRotate[i, 10 °] Out[1]= [image] ``` Use a transparent background: ```wl In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, 10 °, Background -> Transparent] Out[2]= [image] ``` Use a specific color for the background: ```wl In[3]:= ImageRotate[i, 10 °, Background -> Gray] Out[3]= [image] ``` Images with an alpha channel use a transparent background by default: ```wl In[4]:= ImageRotate[SetAlphaChannel[i], 10 °] Out[4]= [image] ``` #### Masking (1) By default, ``Masking -> All`` is used, and background value is used for pixels outside of the original image: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, Masking -> All] Out[2]= [image] ``` Use ``Masking -> Full`` to see padded values for pixels outside of the original image: ```wl In[3]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, Masking -> Full] Out[3]= [image] ``` Use arbitrary mask: ```wl In[4]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, Masking -> Graphics[{White, Disk[]}, Background -> Black]] Out[4]= [image] ``` #### Padding (1) By default, ``"Fixed"`` padding is used: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, Masking -> Full] Out[2]= [image] ``` Specify the padding scheme: ```wl In[3]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, Masking -> Full, Padding -> "Reversed"] Out[3]= [image] ``` Use a constant padding: ```wl In[4]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, Masking -> Full, Padding -> Gray] Out[4]= [image] ``` #### Resampling (2) By default, the rotated image is resampled with the most suitable method: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image], 20 °] Out[1]= [image] ``` --- Rotate an image using a specific resampling algorithm: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image], 20 °, Resampling -> "Nearest"] Out[1]= [image] ``` ### Applications (2) Switch photo to its natural orientation: ```wl In[1]:= ImageRotate[[image], 90 °] Out[1]= [image] ``` Rotate an image to correct for upside-down text: ```wl In[2]:= ImageRotate[[image], Top -> Bottom] Out[2]= [image] ``` --- Create a function to output a rotation amount as a function of time: ```wl In[1]:= rotation = t \[Function] Piecewise[{{Left -> Right, t < 1}, {3*t, t >= 1}}]; ``` Rotate the frames of a video using the function: ```wl In[2]:= ImageRotate[\!\(\*VideoBox["![Video Player: ExampleData/fish.mp4](video://content-83a60)"]\), rotation, Full] Out[2]= [image] ``` ### Properties & Relations (2) ``ImageRotate`` performs a rotation about the center: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, 20 °, ImageDimensions[i]] Out[2]= [image] ``` Use ``ImageTransformation`` and ``RotationTransform`` to rotate the image: ```wl In[3]:= ImageTransformation[i, RotationTransform[-20 °, {0.5, 0.5}]] Out[3]= [image] ``` Rotate about a different center using ``ImageTransformation`` : ```wl In[4]:= ImageTransformation[i, RotationTransform[-20 °, {0, 0}]] Out[4]= [image] ``` --- Rotate a 3D image around the x-axis: ```wl In[1]:= i = [image]; In[2]:= ImageRotate[i, {π / 5, {1, 0, 0}}, Full] Out[2]= [image] ``` Use ``ImageTransformation`` and ``RotationTransform`` to rotate the image: ```wl In[3]:= ImageTransformation[i, RotationTransform[-π / 5, {1, 0, 0}, {0.5, 0.5, 0.5}]] Out[3]= [image] ``` ### Interactive Examples (1) Interactive rotation around the image center with different size settings: ```wl In[1]:= Manipulate[ImageRotate[[image], θ, size, Background -> White], {{θ, 0}, -π / 2, π / 2}, {size, {All, Full, "MaxAreaCropping"}}] Out[1]= DynamicModule[«8»] ``` ## See Also * [`ImageReflect`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageReflect.en.md) * [`ImageResize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageResize.en.md) * [`ImagePerspectiveTransformation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePerspectiveTransformation.en.md) * [`RotationTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RotationTransform.en.md) * [`ImageAdjust`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdjust.en.md) * [`ImageCrop`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCrop.en.md) * [`Rotate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md) ## Tech Notes * [Image Processing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/ImageProcessing.en.md) ## Related Guides * [Basic Image Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BasicImageManipulation.en.md) * [Image Processing & Analysis](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageProcessing.en.md) * [3D Images](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/3DImages.en.md) * [Geometric Operations](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageGeometry.en.md) * [Video Computation: Update History](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoComputation-UpdateHistory.en.md) * [Video Editing](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/VideoEditing.en.md) * [Computational Photography](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ComputationalPhotography.en.md) * [Angles and Polar Coordinates](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/AnglesAndPolarCoordinates.en.md) ## History * [Introduced in 2008 (7.0)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn70.en.md) \| [Updated in 2012 (9.0)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn90.en.md) ▪ [2014 (10.0)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn100.en.md) ▪ [2021 (13.0)](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn130.en.md)