---
title: "Summary of New Features in 7.0"
language: "en"
type: "Guide"
summary: "The introduction of Mathematica 6 in 2007 represented a revolutionary redefinition of Mathematica. Arriving only 18 months after Mathematica 6, Mathematica 7 represents another major R&D achievement, building on more than 20 years of Mathematica development, broadening and deepening almost every major area of the system, and adding several key new areas to the domain of Mathematica."
sections: 
  - 
    title: "List & Expression Manipulation"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Programming & Development"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "String-Related Functions"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Similarity and Distance Measures"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Parallel Computing"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Interactive Manipulation"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Symbolic Controls"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Discrete Calculus"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Integer Sequence Functions"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Boolean Computation"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Number Theory"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Mathematical Functions"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Symbolic Computation"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Optimization"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Fourier Analysis"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "General Numerics "
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Differential Equations"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Matrices & Linear Algebra"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Statistics & Data Analysis"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Graphics Language and Primitives"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Charting Functions"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Geometric Transformations"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Graphics and Options and Directives"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "2D & 3D Visualization"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Visualization Options and Directives"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Sound"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Import & Export"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Image Processing & Analysis"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Geodesy"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Large Collections of Curated Data"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "General Interface Features"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Formatting & Styling"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Core System"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Files & File Names Operations"
    link: "null"
  - 
    title: "Parallel Computing"
    link: "null"
keywords: 
- new in 7
- new in 7.0
- new features
- Mathematica 7
- Mathematica 7.0
- new capabilities
canonical_url: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/SummaryOfNewFeaturesIn70.html"
source: "Wolfram Language Documentation"
related_guides: 
  - 
    title: "Index of All Functions New in 7.0"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70AlphabeticalListing.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Core Language"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70CoreLanguage.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Computable Data"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70ComputableData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Data Manipulation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70DataManipulation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Lists and Matrices"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70ListsAndMatrices.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Mathematics & Algorithms"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70MathematicsAndAlgorithms.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Systems Interfaces & Deployment"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70SystemsInterfacesAndDeployment.en.md"
  - 
    title: "New in 7.0: Visualization & Graphics"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md"
related_functions: 
  - 
    title: "AbortKernels"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbortKernels.en.md"
  - 
    title: "AbsoluteFileName"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteFileName.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Accumulate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Accumulate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ActiveStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActiveStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "AngerJ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngerJ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ArgMax"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgMax.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ArgMin"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgMin.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ArrayPad"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayPad.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Arrow"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Arrow.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Assumptions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Assumptions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BarChart"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarChart.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BarChart3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarChart3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BarnesG"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarnesG.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BaseStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BernsteinBasis"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernsteinBasis.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BezierCurve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierCurve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BezierFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Blur"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blur.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Bookmarks"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bookmarks.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanConvert"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanConvert.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanCountingFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanCountingFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanMaxterms"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMaxterms.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanMinimize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinimize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanMinterms"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinterms.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanTable"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanTable.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BooleanVariables"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanVariables.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BoxMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BSplineBasis"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineBasis.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BSplineCurve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineCurve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BSplineFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BSplineSurface"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineSurface.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BubbleChart"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleChart.en.md"
  - 
    title: "BubbleChart3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleChart3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ButtonBar"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonBar.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CapForm"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CapForm.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Casoratian"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Casoratian.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ChartLabels"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLabels.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ChartLegends"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLegends.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Check"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Check.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CheckboxBar"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CheckboxBar.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ChemicalData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ChessboardDistance"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChessboardDistance.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ChoiceButtons"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChoiceButtons.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Closing"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Closing.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CoefficientRules"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoefficientRules.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ColorCombine"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorCombine.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ColorQuantize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorQuantize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ColorSeparate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSeparate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Cone"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cone.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Conjunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Conjunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ConstantArray"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantArray.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ContinuedFractionK"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuedFractionK.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ContourLabels"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourLabels.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ContourPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ContraharmonicMean"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContraharmonicMean.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Control"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Control.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Convolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Convolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CoordinatesToolOptions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinatesToolOptions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Cos"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cos.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CriticalSection"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CriticalSection.en.md"
  - 
    title: "CrossMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DamerauLevenshteinDistance"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DamerauLevenshteinDistance.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DateListLogPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateListLogPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DawsonF"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DawsonF.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DefaultAxesStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultAxesStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DefaultFrameStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFrameStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DefaultLabelStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultLabelStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DeleteDuplicates"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteDuplicates.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Delimiter"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Delimiter.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DesignMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DesignMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiagonalMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiagonalMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiamondMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiamondMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DictionaryLookup"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DictionaryLookup.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DifferenceDelta"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceDelta.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DifferenceRoot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRoot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DifferenceRootReduce"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRootReduce.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DifferentialRoot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRoot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DifferentialRootReduce"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRootReduce.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Dilation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dilation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiracComb"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiracComb.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DirectoryQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectoryQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DirichletCharacter"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletCharacter.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DirichletConvolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletConvolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DirichletL"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletL.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DirichletTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletTransform.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiscreteConvolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteConvolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiscreteIndicator"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteIndicator.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiscreteRatio"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteRatio.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiscreteShift"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteShift.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Disjunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Disjunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DiskMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiskMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DistributeDefinitions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributeDefinitions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DivisorSum"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DivisorSum.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DMSList"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DMSList.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DMSString"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DMSString.en.md"
  - 
    title: "DynamicModule"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Entropy"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Entropy.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Equivalent"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Equivalent.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Erosion"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Erosion.en.md"
  - 
    title: "EvaluationObject"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationObject.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ExpandFileName"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpandFileName.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FactorialPower"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorialPower.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileBaseName"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileBaseName.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileDate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileDate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileExistsQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileExistsQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileExtension"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileExtension.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileHash"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileHash.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileNameJoin"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameJoin.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FileNameSplit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameSplit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindArgMax"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindArgMax.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindArgMin"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindArgMin.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindCurvePath"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCurvePath.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindDivisions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindDivisions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindFile"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFile.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindGeneratingFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeneratingFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindGeoLocation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeoLocation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindLinearRecurrence"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindLinearRecurrence.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindMaxValue"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMaxValue.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindMinValue"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinValue.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FindSequenceFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSequenceFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FiniteAbelianGroupCount"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteAbelianGroupCount.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FiniteGroupCount"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupCount.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FiniteGroupData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FittedModel"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FittedModel.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierCoefficient"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCoefficient.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierCosCoefficient"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosCoefficient.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierCosSeries"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosSeries.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierSequenceTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSequenceTransform.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierSeries"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSeries.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierSinCoefficient"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinCoefficient.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierSinSeries"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinSeries.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FourierTrigSeries"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierTrigSeries.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Framed"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Framed.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FromCoefficientRules"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromCoefficientRules.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FromDMS"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromDMS.en.md"
  - 
    title: "FunctionExpand"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionExpand.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GapPenalty"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GapPenalty.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Gather"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gather.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GatherBy"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GatherBy.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GaussianFilter"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianFilter.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GaussianMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeneralizedLinearModelFit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneralizedLinearModelFit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeneratingFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratingFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GenomeData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenomeData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GenomeLookup"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenomeLookup.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeodesicDilation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicDilation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeodesicErosion"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicErosion.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoDestination"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDestination.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeodesyData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesyData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoDirection"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDirection.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoDistance"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDistance.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoGridPosition"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridPosition.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoPosition"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPosition.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoPositionENU"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPositionENU.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoPositionXYZ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPositionXYZ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GeoProjectionData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoProjectionData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GradientFilter"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GradientFilter.en.md"
  - 
    title: "GraphData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Graphics"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Gudermannian"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gudermannian.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Haversine"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Haversine.en.md"
  - 
    title: "HeavisideLambda"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisideLambda.en.md"
  - 
    title: "HeavisidePi"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisidePi.en.md"
  - 
    title: "HexadecimalCharacter"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HexadecimalCharacter.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Histogram"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Histogram.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Histogram3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Histogram3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "HitMissTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HitMissTransform.en.md"
  - 
    title: "HurwitzLerchPhi"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HurwitzLerchPhi.en.md"
  - 
    title: "HurwitzZeta"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HurwitzZeta.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Hyperfactorial"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperfactorial.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Hyperlink"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperlink.en.md"
  - 
    title: "IdentityMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IdentityMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Image"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageAdd"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdd.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageAdjust"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdjust.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageApply"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageApply.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageAssemble"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAssemble.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageChannels"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageChannels.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageCompose"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCompose.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageConvolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageConvolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageCorrelate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCorrelate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageCrop"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCrop.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageDimensions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDimensions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageEffect"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageEffect.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageHistogram"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageHistogram.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageLevels"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageLevels.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageMargins"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMargins.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageMultiply"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMultiply.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImagePad"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePad.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImagePartition"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePartition.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageReflect"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageReflect.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageResize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageResize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageRotate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRotate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageSubtract"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSubtract.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageTake"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageTake.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ImageType"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageType.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Import"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Import.en.md"
  - 
    title: "IntegerPartitions"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerPartitions.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Interpolation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpolation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InterpolationOrder"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpolationOrder.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Interpretation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpretation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InverseChiSquareDistribution"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseChiSquareDistribution.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InverseFourierSequenceTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourierSequenceTransform.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InverseGammaDistribution"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGammaDistribution.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InverseGudermannian"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGudermannian.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InverseHaversine"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseHaversine.en.md"
  - 
    title: "InverseZTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseZTransform.en.md"
  - 
    title: "IrreduciblePolynomialQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IrreduciblePolynomialQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "JoinForm"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JoinForm.en.md"
  - 
    title: "KernelObject"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelObject.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LaplacianFilter"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplacianFilter.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Latitude"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Latitude.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LatitudeLongitude"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatitudeLongitude.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LaunchKernels"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaunchKernels.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Legended"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Legended.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LengthWhile"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LengthWhile.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LeviCivitaTensor"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeviCivitaTensor.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LevyDistribution"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LevyDistribution.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Line"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Line.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LinearModelFit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearModelFit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LinearRecurrence"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearRecurrence.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LineIntegralConvolutionPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIntegralConvolutionPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LiouvilleLambda"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiouvilleLambda.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListCurvePathPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListCurvePathPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListStreamDensityPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamDensityPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListStreamPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListVectorDensityPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorDensityPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListVectorPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ListVectorPlot3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorPlot3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Log10"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log10.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Log2"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log2.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LogBarnesG"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogBarnesG.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LogitModelFit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogitModelFit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LongestCommonSequence"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSequence.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LongestCommonSubsequence"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSubsequence.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Longitude"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Longitude.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LowerTriangularize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerTriangularize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "LucasL"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LucasL.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Majority"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Majority.en.md"
  - 
    title: "MangoldtLambda"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MangoldtLambda.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Manipulate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manipulate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "MaxValue"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxValue.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Median"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Median.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Method"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Method.en.md"
  - 
    title: "MinValue"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinValue.en.md"
  - 
    title: "MonomialList"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MonomialList.en.md"
  - 
    title: "MorphologicalComponents"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalComponents.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NArgMax"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NArgMax.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NArgMin"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NArgMin.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NDSolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NDSolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NeedlemanWunschSimilarity"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeedlemanWunschSimilarity.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NMaxValue"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMaxValue.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NMinValue"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMinValue.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NonlinearModelFit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonlinearModelFit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NotebookFileName"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookFileName.en.md"
  - 
    title: "NotebookPrint"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookPrint.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Off"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Off.en.md"
  - 
    title: "On"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/On.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Opening"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Opening.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Panel"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Panel.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelCombine"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelCombine.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelDo"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelDo.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelEvaluate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelEvaluate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Parallelize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelMap"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelMap.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelSubmit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSubmit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelSum"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSum.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelTable"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTable.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ParallelTry"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTry.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PauliMatrix"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PauliMatrix.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PieChart"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PieChart.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PieChart3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PieChart3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Placed"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Placed.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Placeholder"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Placeholder.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Point"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Point.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PolarAxes"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarAxes.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PolarAxesOrigin"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarAxesOrigin.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PolarGridLines"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarGridLines.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PolarTicks"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarTicks.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PolyhedronData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PreemptProtect"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreemptProtect.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PrimeNu"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeNu.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PrimeOmega"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeOmega.en.md"
  - 
    title: "PrimeZetaP"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeZetaP.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ProbitModelFit"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProbitModelFit.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Product"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Product.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ProteinData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProteinData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "QBinomial"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QBinomial.en.md"
  - 
    title: "QFactorial"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QFactorial.en.md"
  - 
    title: "QuartileDeviation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuartileDeviation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Quartiles"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quartiles.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Quiet"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quiet.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RadioButtonBar"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadioButtonBar.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Ratios"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ratios.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RealBlockDiagonalForm"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealBlockDiagonalForm.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Rectangle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rectangle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RectangleChart"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangleChart.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RectangleChart3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangleChart3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RecurrenceTable"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecurrenceTable.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Regularization"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Regularization.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RiemannR"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiemannR.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Root"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Root.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RootApproximant"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootApproximant.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Rotate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RoundingRadius"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RoundingRadius.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Row"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Row.en.md"
  - 
    title: "RSolve"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolve.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SatisfiabilityCount"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiabilityCount.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SatisfiabilityInstances"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiabilityInstances.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SatisfiableQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiableQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SawtoothWave"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SawtoothWave.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SectorChart"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorChart.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SectorChart3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorChart3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SendMail"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SendMail.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SequenceAlignment"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceAlignment.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SeriesCoefficient"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeriesCoefficient.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SetFileDate"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetFileDate.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SetSharedFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SetSharedVariable"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedVariable.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Shape"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SHP.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Sharpen"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sharpen.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SimilarityRules"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimilarityRules.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Sin"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sin.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SmithWatermanSimilarity"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmithWatermanSimilarity.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Speak"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Speak.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Sphere"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SphericalPlot3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalPlot3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SplineClosed"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineClosed.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SplineDegree"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineDegree.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SplineKnots"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineKnots.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SplineWeights"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineWeights.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SplitBy"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplitBy.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SpokenString"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpokenString.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SquareWave"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareWave.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Standardize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Standardize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StreamColorFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamColorFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StreamDensityPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamDensityPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StreamPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StreamPoints"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPoints.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StreamScale"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamScale.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StreamStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StringExpression"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringExpression.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StringTrim"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringTrim.en.md"
  - 
    title: "StudentTDistribution"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StudentTDistribution.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Sum"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SumConvergence"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SumConvergence.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SymmetricMatrixQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricMatrixQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SystemInformation"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemInformation.en.md"
  - 
    title: "SystemOpen"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemOpen.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TabView"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabView.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TakeWhile"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeWhile.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TautologyQ"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TautologyQ.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Thumbnail"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thumbnail.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TooltipDelay"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TooltipDelay.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TopHatTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TopHatTransform.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TraditionalForm"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraditionalForm.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Transparent"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Transparent.en.md"
  - 
    title: "TriangleWave"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangleWave.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Tube"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tube.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Uncompress"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Uncompress.en.md"
  - 
    title: "UnitBox"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitBox.en.md"
  - 
    title: "UnitTriangle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitTriangle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "UnitVector"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitVector.en.md"
  - 
    title: "UnsavedVariables"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnsavedVariables.en.md"
  - 
    title: "UpperTriangularize"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperTriangularize.en.md"
  - 
    title: "UsingFrontEnd"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UsingFrontEnd.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VectorColorFunction"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorColorFunction.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VectorDensityPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDensityPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VectorPlot"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPlot.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VectorPlot3D"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPlot3D.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VectorPoints"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPoints.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VectorStyle"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorStyle.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VertexColors"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexColors.en.md"
  - 
    title: "VertexNormals"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexNormals.en.md"
  - 
    title: "WaitAll"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitAll.en.md"
  - 
    title: "WaitNext"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitNext.en.md"
  - 
    title: "WeatherData"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeatherData.en.md"
  - 
    title: "WeberE"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeberE.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Wronskian"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Wronskian.en.md"
  - 
    title: "Xnor"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Xnor.en.md"
  - 
    title: "ZTransform"
    link: "https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZTransform.en.md"
---
# Summary of New Features in 7.0

The introduction of Mathematica 6 in 2007 represented a revolutionary redefinition of Mathematica. Arriving only 18 months after Mathematica 6, Mathematica 7 represents another major R&D achievement, building on more than 20 years of Mathematica development, broadening and deepening almost every major area of the system, and adding several key new areas to the domain of Mathematica.

---

## Core Language

### List & Expression Manipulation

[`Gather`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gather.en.md), [`GatherBy`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GatherBy.en.md), [`SplitBy`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplitBy.en.md) for generalized list partitioning and grouping

[`DeleteDuplicates`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DeleteDuplicates.en.md) to remove elements without sorting

[`ArrayPad`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArrayPad.en.md) to pad multidimensional arrays with arbitrary expressions

[`LengthWhile`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LengthWhile.en.md), [`TakeWhile`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TakeWhile.en.md) extended to arbitrary heads

[`Ratios`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Ratios.en.md) for successive ratios of elements in list

### Programming & Development

Support for themed groups of messages [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$MessageGroups.en.md)

[`Check`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Check.en.md), [`Quiet`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quiet.en.md), [`On`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/On.en.md), [`Off`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Off.en.md) support named message groups

[`DiscreteIndicator`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteIndicator.en.md) conditional function added

### String-Related Functions

[`SequenceAlignment`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SequenceAlignment.en.md) to find an optimal alignment of sequences of elements

[`SimilarityRules`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SimilarityRules.en.md), [`GapPenalty`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GapPenalty.en.md) for fine tuning of the optimal alignment

[`LongestCommonSequence`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSequence.en.md), [`LongestCommonSubsequence`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LongestCommonSubsequence.en.md) added

[`HexadecimalCharacter`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HexadecimalCharacter.en.md) pattern in [`StringExpression`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringExpression.en.md) added

[`StringTrim`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StringTrim.en.md) to remove surrounding spaces in strings

### Similarity and Distance Measures

[`DamerauLevenshteinDistance`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DamerauLevenshteinDistance.en.md) string distance added

[`SmithWatermanSimilarity`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SmithWatermanSimilarity.en.md), [`NeedlemanWunschSimilarity`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NeedlemanWunschSimilarity.en.md) measures added

[`ChessboardDistance`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChessboardDistance.en.md) added

### Parallel Computing

New language primitives to take advantage of multiprocessor and parallel architecture[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ParallelComputing.en.md)

[`Parallelize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelize.en.md) for evaluation using automatic parallelization

[`ParallelTry`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTry.en.md) to evaluate several expressions in parallel

[`ParallelMap`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelMap.en.md), [`ParallelTable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTable.en.md), [`ParallelSum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSum.en.md), ... parallel analogues added

[`SetSharedVariable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedVariable.en.md), [`DistributeDefinitions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributeDefinitions.en.md) to synchronize data and definitions

[`ParallelSubmit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSubmit.en.md), [`WaitAll`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitAll.en.md), ... to evaluate expressions concurrently

## Dynamic Interactivity

### Interactive Manipulation

[`Bookmarks`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Bookmarks.en.md) added for [`Manipulate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manipulate.en.md) to specify predefined control settings

[`InterpolationOrder`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InterpolationOrder.en.md) option for [`Manipulate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manipulate.en.md) to specify smooth autorun sequence

[`UnsavedVariables`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnsavedVariables.en.md) support in [`DynamicModule`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.en.md), [`Interpretation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpretation.en.md), etc.

General symbolic [`Control`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Control.en.md) object added in [`Manipulate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manipulate.en.md)

### Symbolic Controls

New [`ButtonBar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ButtonBar.en.md), [`ChoiceButtons`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChoiceButtons.en.md) controls added

Added support for [`Delimiter`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Delimiter.en.md) in [`CheckboxBar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CheckboxBar.en.md) and [`RadioButtonBar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadioButtonBar.en.md)

"Scrollable" pane to display large content [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Pane.en.md)

"Limited" appearance for [`TabView`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabView.en.md) to limit the number of displayed tabs [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TabView.en.md)

Support for various appearances in [`Panel`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Panel.en.md)

[`ImageMargins`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMargins.en.md) option for [`RadioButtonBar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RadioButtonBar.en.md) added

[`UnsavedVariables`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnsavedVariables.en.md) option for [`DynamicModule`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DynamicModule.en.md) added

[`PreemptProtect`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PreemptProtect.en.md) option added to prevent interruption by preemptive evaluations

## Mathematics and Algorithms

### Discrete Calculus

New comprehensive framework for discrete calculus added[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/DiscreteCalculus.en.md)

[`Sum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md), [`Product`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Product.en.md) extended to support indefinite sums

[`DifferenceDelta`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceDelta.en.md), [`DiscreteShift`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteShift.en.md), [`DiscreteRatio`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteRatio.en.md) for discrete differences and ratios

[`SumConvergence`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SumConvergence.en.md) added to find conditions for convergence of sums

[`ContinuedFractionK`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContinuedFractionK.en.md) to construct a continued fraction from a formula for terms

[`RSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolve.en.md) modified to support recurrences and discrete functional equations

[`RecurrenceTable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RecurrenceTable.en.md) to generate values from recurrences and functional equations

[`DifferenceRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRoot.en.md) for symbolic representation of solutions of difference equations

[`DifferenceRootReduce`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRootReduce.en.md) to simplify [`DifferenceRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRoot.en.md) objects

[`FunctionExpand`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FunctionExpand.en.md) extended to expand [`DifferenceRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferenceRoot.en.md) and [`DifferentialRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRoot.en.md) objects

[`GeneratingFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneratingFunction.en.md), ... to construct generating function given ``n``$$^{\text{th}}$$ series coefficient

[`SeriesCoefficient`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeriesCoefficient.en.md) to find a series coefficient for a given generating function

[`DiscreteConvolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteConvolve.en.md), [`DirichletConvolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletConvolve.en.md) to convolve two discrete functions

[`DirichletTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletTransform.en.md) added

[`FourierSequenceTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSequenceTransform.en.md) discrete Fourier transform

[`ZTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ZTransform.en.md), [`InverseZTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseZTransform.en.md) expanded to support multidimensional sequences

### Integer Sequence Functions

[`FindSequenceFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindSequenceFunction.en.md) to find closed form for integer sequence

[`FindGeneratingFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeneratingFunction.en.md) to find generating function given series coefficients

[`FindLinearRecurrence`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindLinearRecurrence.en.md) to find minimal linear recurrence reproducing the sequence

[`LinearRecurrence`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearRecurrence.en.md) to generate a sequence given recurrence coefficients

### Boolean Computation

[`Conjunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Conjunction.en.md), [`Disjunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Disjunction.en.md), [`Equivalent`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Equivalent.en.md), [`Xnor`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Xnor.en.md) functions added

[`BooleanFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanFunction.en.md) for general multivariate Boolean function

[`BooleanMinterms`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinterms.en.md), [`BooleanMaxterms`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMaxterms.en.md) for combination of minterms and maxterms

[`BooleanConvert`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanConvert.en.md), [`BooleanMinimize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanMinimize.en.md) for conversion among standard forms

[`BooleanCountingFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanCountingFunction.en.md), [`Majority`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Majority.en.md) counting functions added

[`BooleanTable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanTable.en.md) to generate truth table for a given function

[`BooleanVariables`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BooleanVariables.en.md) for a list of Boolean variables in expression

[`SatisfiabilityCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiabilityCount.en.md), [`SatisfiableQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiableQ.en.md) to check if a function can ever be true

[`SatisfiabilityInstances`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SatisfiabilityInstances.en.md) to find values that make the function true

[`TautologyQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TautologyQ.en.md) to test if the function is identically true

### Number Theory

[`PrimeNu`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeNu.en.md), [`PrimeOmega`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeOmega.en.md) for number of distinct prime factors

[`IntegerPartitions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IntegerPartitions.en.md) modified to restrict number of returned partitions

New functions [`PrimeZetaP`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PrimeZetaP.en.md), [`RiemannR`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RiemannR.en.md), [`DirichletL`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletL.en.md) added

[`MangoldtLambda`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MangoldtLambda.en.md) added

[`LiouvilleLambda`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiouvilleLambda.en.md) added

[`DirichletCharacter`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirichletCharacter.en.md) added

[`FactorialPower`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FactorialPower.en.md) added

[`Hyperfactorial`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperfactorial.en.md) added

[`DivisorSum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DivisorSum.en.md) to sum over divisors of an integer

### Mathematical Functions

[`QBinomial`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QBinomial.en.md), [`QFactorial`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QFactorial.en.md), ... *q*-Series related functions added[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/QFunctions.en.md)

[`Haversine`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Haversine.en.md), [`InverseHaversine`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseHaversine.en.md) added

[`BarnesG`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarnesG.en.md), [`LogBarnesG`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogBarnesG.en.md) functions added

[`HurwitzZeta`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HurwitzZeta.en.md), [`HurwitzLerchPhi`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HurwitzLerchPhi.en.md) added

[`AngerJ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AngerJ.en.md), [`DawsonF`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DawsonF.en.md), [`WeberE`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeberE.en.md) functions added

[`Gudermannian`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Gudermannian.en.md), [`InverseGudermannian`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGudermannian.en.md) added

[`BernsteinBasis`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernsteinBasis.en.md), [`BSplineBasis`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineBasis.en.md), [`BezierFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierFunction.en.md), [`BSplineFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineFunction.en.md) added

[`DiracComb`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiracComb.en.md) utility function added

[`Log10`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log10.en.md), [`Log2`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Log2.en.md) utility functions added

[`SquareWave`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SquareWave.en.md), [`TriangleWave`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TriangleWave.en.md), [`SawtoothWave`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SawtoothWave.en.md) utility functions added

[`LucasL`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LucasL.en.md) polynomial support added

[`FiniteGroupCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupCount.en.md), [`FiniteAbelianGroupCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteAbelianGroupCount.en.md) added

[`UnitBox`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitBox.en.md), [`UnitTriangle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitTriangle.en.md) convenience functions added

[`HeavisideLambda`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisideLambda.en.md), [`HeavisidePi`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisidePi.en.md) distributions added

### Symbolic Computation

Tensor derivative support in [`D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/D.en.md) added

"CompensatedSummation" method for [`Accumulate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Accumulate.en.md) added to control error

[`Regularization`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Regularization.en.md) option for [`Sum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md) and [`Product`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Product.en.md) to specify regularization type

[`RSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RSolve.en.md) now supports many types of functional equations

[`Wronskian`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Wronskian.en.md) and [`Casoratian`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Casoratian.en.md) functions added

Support for multiple methods in [`Sum`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sum.en.md) and [`Product`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Product.en.md)

Support for transcendental and general equations in [`Root`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Root.en.md)

Option to [`RootApproximant`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RootApproximant.en.md) allows control of the "simplest" approximation

Test for irreducible polynomials [`IrreduciblePolynomialQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IrreduciblePolynomialQ.en.md) added

[`CoefficientRules`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoefficientRules.en.md), [`FromCoefficientRules`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromCoefficientRules.en.md) operations on polynomials added

[`MonomialList`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MonomialList.en.md) to extract and sort monomials from a polynomial

[`Assumptions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Assumptions.en.md) and [`Method`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Method.en.md) options for [`SeriesCoefficient`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SeriesCoefficient.en.md) added

### Optimization

[`ArgMin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgMin.en.md), [`ArgMax`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ArgMax.en.md) to find a value that provides extremal value

[`MaxValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MaxValue.en.md), [`MinValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MinValue.en.md) to obtain an extremal value

[`FindArgMin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindArgMin.en.md), [`FindArgMax`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindArgMax.en.md) to try to find extremal point given its approximation

[`FindMinValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMinValue.en.md), [`FindMaxValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindMaxValue.en.md) to try to find extremal value

[`NArgMax`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NArgMax.en.md), [`NArgMin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NArgMin.en.md), [`NMaxValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMaxValue.en.md), [`NMinValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NMinValue.en.md) to find extremum numerically

### Fourier Analysis

[`FourierSeries`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSeries.en.md) for a Fourier series expansion

[`FourierSinSeries`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinSeries.en.md), [`FourierCosSeries`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosSeries.en.md) for expansion over [`Sin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sin.en.md) and [`Cos`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cos.en.md)

[`FourierTrigSeries`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierTrigSeries.en.md) for expansion over [`Sin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sin.en.md) and [`Cos`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cos.en.md)

[`FourierCoefficient`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCoefficient.en.md) for a coefficient in a Fourier series

[`FourierCosCoefficient`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierCosCoefficient.en.md), [`FourierSinCoefficient`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSinCoefficient.en.md) for coefficients in [`Sin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sin.en.md) or [`Cos`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cos.en.md) series

[`FourierSequenceTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FourierSequenceTransform.en.md) for discrete Fourier transform

[`InverseFourierSequenceTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseFourierSequenceTransform.en.md) added

[`DiracComb`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiracComb.en.md), [`HeavisidePi`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisidePi.en.md), [`HeavisideLambda`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HeavisideLambda.en.md) added

[`DiscreteConvolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiscreteConvolve.en.md), [`Convolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Convolve.en.md) operators added

### General Numerics

[`FindDivisions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindDivisions.en.md) added to divide interval into "nice" sub-intervals

### Differential Equations

Delay differential equation support added in [`NDSolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NDSolve.en.md)

[`DifferentialRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRoot.en.md) for symbolic representation of solutions to linear differential equations

[`Wronskian`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Wronskian.en.md) to test linear independence of functions or ODE solutions

[`DifferentialRootReduce`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRootReduce.en.md) to simplify [`DifferentialRoot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DifferentialRoot.en.md) objects

### Matrices & Linear Algebra

[`RealBlockDiagonalForm`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RealBlockDiagonalForm.en.md) option to allow real-valued diagonal blocks

[`DiagonalMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiagonalMatrix.en.md) modified to allow off-diagonal elements and padding

[`IdentityMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/IdentityMatrix.en.md) now allows rectangular matrices and sparse arrays

[`ConstantArray`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ConstantArray.en.md) and [`DiagonalMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiagonalMatrix.en.md) now support sparse arrays

[`UpperTriangularize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UpperTriangularize.en.md), [`LowerTriangularize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LowerTriangularize.en.md) added to extract parts of matrix

[`SymmetricMatrixQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SymmetricMatrixQ.en.md) test added

[`PauliMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PauliMatrix.en.md) matrix generator added

[`CrossMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CrossMatrix.en.md), [`DiamondMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiamondMatrix.en.md), [`DiskMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiskMatrix.en.md), [`BoxMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxMatrix.en.md) shape matrices added

[`GaussianMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianMatrix.en.md) added

[`LeviCivitaTensor`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LeviCivitaTensor.en.md) for a totally antisymmetric tensor

### Statistics & Data Analysis

[`FindCurvePath`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCurvePath.en.md) for reconstruction of sampled curves

[`Median`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Median.en.md), [`Quartiles`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Quartiles.en.md), [`QuartileDeviation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/QuartileDeviation.en.md), ... added support for built-in distributions

[`LinearModelFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LinearModelFit.en.md), [`NonlinearModelFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NonlinearModelFit.en.md) to construct regression models from data

[`LogitModelFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LogitModelFit.en.md), [`ProbitModelFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProbitModelFit.en.md), [`GeneralizedLinearModelFit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeneralizedLinearModelFit.en.md) added

[`Interpolation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Interpolation.en.md) now allows immediate calculation of interpolated values

[`InverseGammaDistribution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseGammaDistribution.en.md), [`InverseChiSquareDistribution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/InverseChiSquareDistribution.en.md) added

[`LevyDistribution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LevyDistribution.en.md) added

[`StudentTDistribution`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StudentTDistribution.en.md) extended to have multiple parameters

[`ExpectedValue`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpectedValue.en.md) extended to support sampled data

[`Standardize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Standardize.en.md) to adjust constant shift and variance of the data

[`FittedModel`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FittedModel.en.md) for symbolic representation of fitted models

[`DesignMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DesignMatrix.en.md) to construct the design matrix for a linear model

[`Entropy`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Entropy.en.md) function to measure randomness in data added

[`ContraharmonicMean`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContraharmonicMean.en.md) added

## Visualization and Graphics

### Graphics Language and Primitives

[`BSplineCurve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineCurve.en.md), [`BezierCurve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BezierCurve.en.md) primitives for curves of any degree

[`BSplineSurface`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineSurface.en.md) primitive for NURB surface of any degree

[`BernsteinBasis`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BernsteinBasis.en.md), [`BSplineBasis`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BSplineBasis.en.md) spline basis functions added

[`SplineDegree`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineDegree.en.md), [`SplineKnots`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineKnots.en.md), [`SplineWeights`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineWeights.en.md), [`SplineClosed`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SplineClosed.en.md), ... options for splines

[`Tube`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tube.en.md), [`Cone`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Cone.en.md) graphics primitives added

Multi-[`Sphere`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sphere.en.md) support added

Precision support for [`UnitVector`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UnitVector.en.md) added

[`Arrow`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Arrow.en.md) modified to support 3D graphics and [`Tube`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Tube.en.md), [`Line`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Line.en.md), and other primitives

### Charting Functions

[`Histogram`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Histogram.en.md), [`Histogram3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Histogram3D.en.md) for 2D and 3D histograms

[`BarChart`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarChart.en.md), [`BarChart3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BarChart3D.en.md) to display data as bars

[`PieChart`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PieChart.en.md), [`PieChart3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PieChart3D.en.md) to display data as part of the whole

[`SectorChart`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorChart.en.md), [`SectorChart3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SectorChart3D.en.md) to display data with variable sector sizes and radii

[`RectangleChart`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangleChart.en.md), [`RectangleChart3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RectangleChart3D.en.md) to display data as rectangles of variable sizes

[`BubbleChart`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleChart.en.md), [`BubbleChart3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BubbleChart3D.en.md) to display data as bubbles

Primitives for arbitrary chart labels and legends added [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ChartLabelingLegendingAndAnnotation.en.md)

Options for chart styling and layout added[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ChartLayoutAndStyling.en.md)

Chart annotations using [`ChartLegends`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLegends.en.md), [`ChartLabels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChartLabels.en.md), [`Placed`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Placed.en.md), [`Legended`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Legended.en.md) added

Chart Element Schemes palette added

### Geometric Transformations

[`Rotate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md) extended to allow more rotation specifications

Generalized [`Rotate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md) outside [`Graphics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics.en.md)

Seamless conversion of [`Rotate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rotate.en.md) constructs into explicitly transformed coordinates

### Graphics and Options and Directives

[`CapForm`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CapForm.en.md), [`JoinForm`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/JoinForm.en.md) to customize polygon edges

[`RoundingRadius`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/RoundingRadius.en.md) for rounded corners for [`Rectangle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Rectangle.en.md), [`Framed`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Framed.en.md), etc.

[`CoordinatesToolOptions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinatesToolOptions.en.md) option for [`Graphics`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Graphics.en.md) added[ »](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsPalette.en.md)

### 2D & 3D Visualization

[`ContourPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourPlot.en.md) support for simulated lighting [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LightingAngle.en.md)

[`StreamPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPlot.en.md), [`VectorPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPlot.en.md) for vector field visualization

[`StreamDensityPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamDensityPlot.en.md), [`VectorDensityPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorDensityPlot.en.md) for combined vector and density plots

[`LineIntegralConvolutionPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LineIntegralConvolutionPlot.en.md), [`ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListLineIntegralConvolutionPlot.en.md) added

[`VectorPlot3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPlot3D.en.md) for a 3D plot of a vector field

[`ListStreamDensityPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamDensityPlot.en.md), [`ListVectorDensityPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorDensityPlot.en.md) added

[`ListVectorPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorPlot.en.md), [`ListVectorPlot3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListVectorPlot3D.en.md), [`ListStreamPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListStreamPlot.en.md) added

[`ListCurvePathPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ListCurvePathPlot.en.md) for interpolation through data points

[`SphericalPlot3D`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SphericalPlot3D.en.md) enhanced

[`DateListLogPlot`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DateListLogPlot.en.md) added for plotting time series data

[`FindCurvePath`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindCurvePath.en.md) to reorder points along a curve

### Visualization Options and Directives

[`VertexColors`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexColors.en.md), [`VertexNormals`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VertexNormals.en.md) options for [`Line`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Line.en.md), [`Point`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Point.en.md), etc.

[`DefaultLabelStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultLabelStyle.en.md), [`DefaultFrameStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFrameStyle.en.md), [`DefaultAxesStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultAxesStyle.en.md), ... default options added

[`ContourLabels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ContourLabels.en.md) modified to support labels and tooltips

[`StreamPoints`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamPoints.en.md), [`StreamScale`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamScale.en.md), [`StreamStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamStyle.en.md), [`StreamColorFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/StreamColorFunction.en.md), ... added

[`VectorColorFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorColorFunction.en.md), [`VectorPoints`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorPoints.en.md), [`VectorScale`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorScale.en.md), [`VectorStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/VectorStyle.en.md), ... added

[`Transparent`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Transparent.en.md) color directive added

[`PolarAxesOrigin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarAxesOrigin.en.md), [`PolarAxes`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarAxes.en.md), [`PolarGridLines`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarGridLines.en.md), [`PolarTicks`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolarTicks.en.md) options added

### Sound

[`SpokenString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SpokenString.en.md) for a spoken representation of an expression

[`Speak`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Speak.en.md) to emit spoken form of an expression using computer's sound system

## Data Manipulation

### Import & Export

Added support for secure socket layer (SSL, https) in [`Import`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Import.en.md)

New chemical and biological formats: [`"GenBank"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/GenBank.en.md), [`"PDB"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/PDB.en.md), [`"SDF"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SDF.en.md), [`"SMILES"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SMILES.en.md), [`"MMCIF"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MMCIF.en.md), [`"MOL2"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/MOL2.en.md)

New GIS formats: [`Shape`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SHP.en.md) ([`"SHP"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SHP.en.md)), [`"TIGER"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/TIGER.en.md), [`"SDTSDEM"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SDTSDEM.en.md), [`"SP3"`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/format/SP3.en.md)

### Image Processing & Analysis

New image processing functionality with many functions added[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageProcessing.en.md)

[`Image`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Image.en.md) as symbolic representation of an image added

[`ImageQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageQ.en.md) to test if the expression represents an image

[`ImageDimensions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageDimensions.en.md), [`ImageChannels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageChannels.en.md), [`ImageType`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageType.en.md), ... to obtain image properties[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageRepresentation.en.md)

[`ImageResize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageResize.en.md), [`ImageRotate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageRotate.en.md), [`ImageReflect`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageReflect.en.md) for basic image operations[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/BasicImageManipulation.en.md)

[`ImagePad`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePad.en.md), [`ImageTake`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageTake.en.md), [`ImageCrop`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCrop.en.md) added

[`Thumbnail`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Thumbnail.en.md) for a thumbnail version of an image

[`ImageData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageData.en.md) to extract raster data as array

[`ImageAdjust`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdjust.en.md) to adjust brightness, contrast etc.

[`Sharpen`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Sharpen.en.md), [`Blur`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Blur.en.md) image operations added

[`ImageEffect`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageEffect.en.md) for special photographic effects

[`ImageConvolve`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageConvolve.en.md), [`ImageCorrelate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCorrelate.en.md), ... for image filtering[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageFilteringAndNeighborhoodProcessing.en.md)

[`GaussianFilter`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GaussianFilter.en.md), [`LaplacianFilter`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaplacianFilter.en.md), [`GradientFilter`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GradientFilter.en.md), ... added[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageFilteringAndNeighborhoodProcessing.en.md)

[`DiskMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiskMatrix.en.md), [`BoxMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BoxMatrix.en.md), [`DiamondMatrix`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DiamondMatrix.en.md), ... convolution kernels added

[`Dilation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Dilation.en.md), [`Erosion`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Erosion.en.md), [`Opening`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Opening.en.md), [`Closing`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Closing.en.md), ... morphological operations added [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalMorphology.en.md)

[`HitMissTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/HitMissTransform.en.md), [`TopHatTransform`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TopHatTransform.en.md), ... morphological transforms added [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/MathematicalMorphology.en.md)

[`ImageCompose`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageCompose.en.md) to overlay images

[`ImagePartition`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImagePartition.en.md), [`ImageAssemble`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAssemble.en.md) to split and combine parts of an image

[`ImageAdd`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageAdd.en.md), [`ImageSubtract`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageSubtract.en.md), [`ImageApply`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageApply.en.md), [`ImageMultiply`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageMultiply.en.md), ... for image arithmetic [`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ImageProcessing.en.md)

[`ImageHistogram`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageHistogram.en.md), [`ImageLevels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ImageLevels.en.md) for color analysis of the image

[`ColorQuantize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorQuantize.en.md) for color approximation of the image

[`ColorCombine`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorCombine.en.md), [`ColorSeparate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ColorSeparate.en.md) to work with image channels

[`GeodesicDilation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicDilation.en.md), [`GeodesicErosion`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesicErosion.en.md) morphology functions added

[`MorphologicalComponents`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/MorphologicalComponents.en.md) added

### Geodesy

Functions for geodetic computations added[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Geodesy.en.md)

[`DMSList`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DMSList.en.md), [`DMSString`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DMSString.en.md) for symbolic representation of angles

[`FromDMS`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FromDMS.en.md) to convert between representations of angular values

[`GeodesyData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesyData.en.md) for information on reference ellipsoids and datums

[`GeoProjectionData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoProjectionData.en.md) for information on cartographic projections

[`GeoDistance`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDistance.en.md), [`GeoDestination`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDestination.en.md), [`GeoDirection`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoDirection.en.md) for geodetic measurements

[`GeoPosition`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPosition.en.md) for symbolic representation of geodetic position

[`GeoGridPosition`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoGridPosition.en.md) for projection of a position to a cartographic grid

[`GeoPositionENU`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPositionENU.en.md), [`GeoPositionXYZ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeoPositionXYZ.en.md) added

[`FindGeoLocation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindGeoLocation.en.md) to find your current position from IP

[`Latitude`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Latitude.en.md), [`Longitude`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Longitude.en.md), [`LatitudeLongitude`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LatitudeLongitude.en.md) to obtain cartographic coordinates

[`\$GeoLocation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$GeoLocation.en.md) for default geodetic location to use

## Computable Data

### Large Collections of Curated Data

[`AstronomicalData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AstronomicalData.en.md) enhanced with many new objects and properties

New [`FiniteGroupData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupData.en.md), [`FiniteGroupCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteGroupCount.en.md), [`FiniteAbelianGroupCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FiniteAbelianGroupCount.en.md)

[`DictionaryLookup`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DictionaryLookup.en.md) added support for many languages

New [`GenomeData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenomeData.en.md) for properties of human genes

New [`GenomeLookup`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GenomeLookup.en.md) for fast lookup of human genome sequences

New [`ProteinData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ProteinData.en.md) for information about protein structure and function

New [`WeatherData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WeatherData.en.md) for current and historical weather measurements

Curator-checked [`ChemicalData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ChemicalData.en.md) with extended entities and properties

New [`GeodesyData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GeodesyData.en.md) for data on geodetic coordinate systems

[`GraphData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphData.en.md) enhanced with many new properties

[`PolyhedronData`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/PolyhedronData.en.md) enhanced with many new properties

## Notebooks and Documents

### General Interface Features

Improved startup user experience

New horizontal insertion cursor between cells

New handling of interactive style settings for cells

Improved heuristics and display of special functions in [`TraditionalForm`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TraditionalForm.en.md)

[`UsingFrontEnd`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/UsingFrontEnd.en.md) allows using front end functionality from a standalone kernel

Right-click contextual menus added for many notebook elements

[`NotebookPrint`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookPrint.en.md) can be used with arbitrary expressions

[`ActiveStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ActiveStyle.en.md), [`BaseStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/BaseStyle.en.md) new style option for [`Hyperlink`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Hyperlink.en.md)

Updated Make Template mechanism[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/menuitem/MakeTemplate.en.md)

Basic Math Assistant, etc. quick-start palettes added

[`TooltipDelay`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/TooltipDelay.en.md) option added

Symbolic [`Placeholder`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Placeholder.en.md) construct added

Support for bookmarks in [`Manipulate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Manipulate.en.md) added

[`CoordinatesToolOptions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CoordinatesToolOptions.en.md) option to use in Get Coordinates tool added[ »](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/tutorial/InteractiveGraphicsPalette.en.md)

[`CheckboxBar`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CheckboxBar.en.md) now supports delimiters, background color, and margins

Support for round corners in [`Framed`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Framed.en.md)

Options for customization of [`Row`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Row.en.md) added

### Formatting & Styling

[`DefaultAxesStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultAxesStyle.en.md), [`DefaultFrameStyle`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DefaultFrameStyle.en.md), ... default options added

## Systems Interfaces & Deployment

### Core System

Improved Windows and Linux installers

[`SendMail`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SendMail.en.md) to send email directly from the Wolfram System

[`SystemOpen`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemOpen.en.md) to open any kind of file in the associated external program

[`SystemInformation`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SystemInformation.en.md) improved

[`Uncompress`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Uncompress.en.md) supports arbitrary head

### Files & File Names Operations

[`FindFile`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FindFile.en.md) to locate the path to an existing file

[`AbsoluteFileName`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbsoluteFileName.en.md) to find the full absolute name of an existing file

[`ExpandFileName`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ExpandFileName.en.md) to expand a file name to an absolute form

[`FileExistsQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileExistsQ.en.md) to check if a file exists

[`DirectoryQ`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DirectoryQ.en.md) to check if a directory exists

[`FileNameSplit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameSplit.en.md), [`FileNameJoin`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileNameJoin.en.md), ... to manipulate names of files and directories[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/OperationsOnFileNames.en.md)

[`FileBaseName`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileBaseName.en.md), [`FileExtension`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileExtension.en.md) to extract parts of a file name

[`FileHash`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileHash.en.md) to compute a hash code for the contents of a file

[`FileDate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/FileDate.en.md), [`SetFileDate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetFileDate.en.md) to get and set access, creation, and modification times for a file

[`NotebookFileName`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/NotebookFileName.en.md) for the name of the current evaluation notebook

### Parallel Computing

New extensive built-in framework for doing parallel computations[`»`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/ParallelComputing.en.md)

New cluster and kernel configuration tab in Edit ▶ Preferences

[`LaunchKernels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LaunchKernels.en.md) to start preconfigured worker kernels

[`Parallelize`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Parallelize.en.md) for automatic parallel expression evaluation

[`ParallelTry`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTry.en.md), [`ParallelEvaluate`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelEvaluate.en.md) to evaluate expressions concurrently

[`CriticalSection`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/CriticalSection.en.md) locking mechanism added

General [`ParallelCombine`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelCombine.en.md) utility added

[`ParallelMap`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelMap.en.md), [`ParallelTable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelTable.en.md), [`ParallelDo`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelDo.en.md), ... added for parallel evaluation

[`Kernels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/Kernels.en.md), [`\$ConfiguredKernels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$ConfiguredKernels.en.md), [`\$KernelCount`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$KernelCount.en.md), [`AbortKernels`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/AbortKernels.en.md) ... for kernel management

[`KernelObject`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/KernelObject.en.md) for symbolic representation of available worker kernel

[`ParallelSubmit`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/ParallelSubmit.en.md) to queue expressions for evaluation

[`EvaluationObject`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/EvaluationObject.en.md) symbolic representation of a queued expression

[`DistributeDefinitions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/DistributeDefinitions.en.md) to share definitions among kernels

[`SetSharedVariable`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedVariable.en.md), [`SetSharedFunction`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/SetSharedFunction.en.md) added

[`\$SharedFunctions`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SharedFunctions.en.md), [`\$SharedVariables`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$SharedVariables.en.md) for list of shared objects

[`WaitAll`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitAll.en.md), [`WaitNext`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/WaitNext.en.md), ... for control of concurrent evaluations

[`\$TimedOut`](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/$TimedOut.en.md) as a result of operations that could not be completed in the given time frame

## Related Guides

* [Index of All Functions New in 7.0](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70AlphabeticalListing.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Core Language](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70CoreLanguage.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Computable Data](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70ComputableData.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Data Manipulation](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70DataManipulation.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Lists and Matrices](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70ListsAndMatrices.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Mathematics & Algorithms](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70MathematicsAndAlgorithms.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Systems Interfaces & Deployment](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70SystemsInterfacesAndDeployment.en.md)
* [New in 7.0: Visualization & Graphics](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/NewIn70VisualizationAndGraphics.en.md)