LiftingWaveletTransform

LiftingWaveletTransform[data]

gives the lifting wavelet transform (LWT) of an array of data.

LiftingWaveletTransform[data,wave]

gives the lifting wavelet transform using the wavelet wave.

LiftingWaveletTransform[data,wave,r]

gives the lifting wavelet transform using r levels of refinement.

Details and Options

  • LiftingWaveletTransform gives a DiscreteWaveletData object.
  • Properties of the DiscreteWaveletData dwd can be found using dwd["prop"], and a list of available properties can be found using dwd["Properties"].
  • The resulting wavelet coefficients are arrays of the same depth as the input data.
  • The data can be any of the following:
  • listarbitrary-rank numerical array
    imagearbitrary Image object
    audioan Audio or sampled Sound object
  • The possible wavelets wave include:
  • BiorthogonalSplineWavelet[]B-spline-based wavelet
    CDFWavelet[]Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau 9/7 wavelet
    CoifletWavelet[]symmetric variant of Daubechies wavelets
    DaubechiesWavelet[]the Daubechies wavelets
    HaarWavelet[]classic Haar wavelet
    ReverseBiorthogonalSplineWavelet[]B-spline-based wavelet (reverse dual and primal)
    SymletWavelet[]least asymmetric orthogonal wavelet
  • The default wave is HaarWavelet[].
  • With higher settings for the refinement level r, larger scale features are resolved.
  • With refinement level r, LiftingWaveletTransform internally pre-pads data so that each dimension is a multiple of . The padding values used for pre-padding are given by the setting of the Padding option. »
  • With refinement level Full, r is given by TemplateBox[{{{InterpretationBox[{log, _, DocumentationBuild`Utils`Private`Parenth[2]}, Log2, AutoDelete -> True], (, n, )}, +, {1, /, 2}}}, Floor].
  • The default levels of refinement r are given by , where is the integer factorization of the length of data. For multi-dimensional data, the same computation is done for each dimension and the resulting minimum refinement level is used. »
  • The tree of wavelet coefficients at level consists of coarse coefficients and detail coefficients , with representing the input data.
  • The dimensions of and are given by , where is given by 2^r TemplateBox[{{l, /, {2, ^, r}}}, Ceiling], where is the input data dimension. »
  • The following options can be given:
  • Method Automaticmethod to use
    Padding "Periodic"how to extend data beyond boundaries
    WorkingPrecision MachinePrecisionprecision to use in internal computations
  • The settings for Padding include "Periodic" for periodic repetition of the dataset in each dimension and for constant padding.
  • With the setting Method->"IntegerLifting", integer data will transform to integer coefficients, in which case input image data of type "Real" is converted to type "Byte".
  • InverseWaveletTransform gives the inverse transform.

Examples

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Basic Examples  (3)

Compute a lifting wavelet transform using the HaarWavelet:

Use Normal to view all coefficients:

Transform an audio signal:

Use dwd[,"Audio"] to extract coefficient signals:

Compute the inverse transform:

Transform an Image object:

Use dwd[,"Image"] to extract coefficient images:

Compute the inverse transform:

Scope  (33)

Basic Uses  (7)

Compute a lifting wavelet transform:

The resulting DiscreteWaveletData represents a tree of transform coefficients:

The inverse transform reconstructs the input:

Compute an integer lifting wavelet transform:

Use Normal to view all integer coefficients:

The inverse transform reconstructs the input:

Useful properties can be extracted from the DiscreteWaveletData object:

Get a full list of properties:

Get data and coefficient dimensions:

Use Normal to get all wavelet coefficients explicitly:

Also use All as an argument to get all coefficients:

Use Automatic to get only the coefficients used in the inverse transform:

Use the "TreeView" or "WaveletIndex" to find out what wavelet coefficients are available:

Extract specific coefficient arrays:

Extract several wavelet coefficients corresponding to the list of wavelet index specifications:

Extract all coefficients whose wavelet indexes match a pattern:

The Automatic coefficients are used by default in functions like WaveletListPlot:

Use a higher refinement level to increase the frequency resolution:

With a smaller refinement level, more of the signal energy is left in {0,0,0}:

With further refinement, {0,0,0} is resolved into further components:

Wavelet Families  (8)

Compute the discrete wavelet transform using different wavelet families:

Compare the coefficients:

Use different families of wavelets to capture different features:

HaarWavelet (default):

DaubechiesWavelet:

BiorthogonalSplineWavelet:

CoifletWavelet:

ReverseBiorthogonalSplineWavelet:

SymletWavelet:

Use LiftingFilterData as an input to LiftingWaveletTransform:

Vector Data  (6)

Plot the coefficients over a common horizontal axis using WaveletListPlot:

Plot against a common vertical axis:

Visualize coefficients as a function of time and refinement level using WaveletScalogram:

The coefficient indexes appear as tooltips when the mouse pointer is moved over a coefficient:

Constant data:

All coefficients are small except coarse coefficients {0,0,}:

Data oscillating at the highest resolvable frequency (Nyquist frequency):

Only the first detail coefficient {1} is not small:

Data with large discontinuities:

Coarse coefficients {0,} have the same large scale structure as the data:

Detail coefficients are sensitive to discontinuities:

Data with both spatial and frequency structure:

Coarse coefficients {0,} track the local mean of the data:

The first detail coefficient identifies the oscillatory region:

All coefficients on a common vertical axis:

Matrix Data  (4)

Compute a two-dimensional lifting wavelet transform:

View the tree of wavelet coefficients:

Inverse transform to get back the original signal:

Use WaveletMatrixPlot to visualize the different wavelet coefficients:

In two dimensions, the vector of filtering operations in each direction can be computed:

Interpreting these vectors as binary digit expansions, we get wavelet index numbers:

Wavelet transform of step data:

Data with a vertical discontinuity:

Only the vertical detail coefficients, wavelet index {,1}, are nonzero:

Data with horizontal discontinuity:

Only the horizontal detail coefficients, wavelet index {,2}, are nonzero:

Data with diagonal discontinuity:

Only the diagonal detail coefficients, wavelet index {,3}, are nonzero:

Array Data  (2)

Compute a three-dimensional lifting wavelet transform:

Tree view of all coefficients:

Inverse transform to get back the original signal:

Wavelet transform of a three-dimensional cross array:

Visualize wavelet coefficients:

Energy of the original data is conserved within the transformed coefficients:

Image Data  (3)

Transform an Image object:

The inverse transform yields a reconstructed Image object:

Wavelet coefficients are normally given as lists of data for each image channel:

Get all coefficients as Image objects instead:

Get raw Image objects with no rescaling of color levels:

Get the inverse transform of the {0,1} coefficient as an Image object:

Plot coefficients used in inverse transform in a hierarchical grid using WaveletImagePlot:

Sound Data  (3)

Transform a Sound object:


The inverse transform yields a reconstructed Sound object:

By default, coefficients are given as lists of data for each sound channel:

Get the {1} coefficient as a Sound object:

Inverse transform of {1} coefficient as a Sound object:

Browse all coefficients using a MenuView:

Generalizations & Extensions  (3)

LiftingWaveletTransform works on arrays of symbolic quantities:

Inverse transform recovers the input exactly:

Specify any internal working precision:

Use complex valued data:

The wavelets coefficients are complex:

Inverse transform recovers the input:

Options  (6)

Method  (2)

By default, lifting wavelet transform maps integers to real values:

Use Normal to view all coefficients:

Perform an inverse:

With Method->"IntegerLifting", integers are mapped to integers:

Display all coefficients:

Use inverse wavelet transform to invert integer lifting:

Padding  (1)

Padding can remove boundary effects:

Treat data as cyclic using "Periodic" padding:

Pad data with 0 to reduce boundary effects on the left:

WorkingPrecision  (3)

By default, WorkingPrecision->MachinePrecision is used:

Use higher-precision computation:

With numbers close to zero, accuracy is the better indicator of the number of correct digits:

Use WorkingPrecision-> for exact computation:

Applications  (1)

Advanced Image Processing  (1)

Preprocess images to improve performance of image processing functions:

Plot transformed image coefficients:

Extract vertical and diagonal components from the wavelet-transformed image and reconstruct:

Threshold image pixel values below 0.5:

With vertical components intensified, apply ImageLines:

Properties & Relations  (11)

LiftingWaveletTransform and DiscreteWaveletTransform are closely related:

DWT is similar to LiftingWaveletTransform with extra coefficients needed for padding:

LiftingWaveletTransform coefficients halve in length with each level of refinement:

Rotated data give different coefficients:

StationaryWaveletTransform coefficients have the same length as the original data:

Rotated data give rotated coefficients:

The default refinement level is given by integer factorization of the length of data:

Odd length data is padded with zeros to make it even:

In higher dimensions:

For a specified refinement level r, input data of length l is padded as Ceiling[l,2r]l:

For input data of length 10 with 4 refinement levels, padding lengths are given:

ArrayPad is used to perform a padding operation:

In higher dimensions:

For data with 10 rows and 15 columns with 3 refinement levels, padding in each dimension is given:

Compute dimensions of wavelet coefficients:

The dimensions of wavelet coefficients are given by , where is the input data dimension:

Compare dimensions with coefficient dimensions in dwd:

The energy norm is conserved for orthogonal wavelet families:

The energy norm is approximately conserved for biorthogonal wavelet families:

The mean of the data is captured at the maximum refinement level of the transform:

Extract the coefficient for the maximum refinement level:

Compensate for the normalization at each refinement level:

The sum of inverse transforms from individual coefficient arrays gives the original data:

Individually inverse transform each wavelet coefficient array:

The sum gives the original data:

Image channels are transformed individually:

Combine {0} coefficients of separately transformed image channels:

Compare with {0} coefficient of LiftingWaveletTransform of the original image:

The images are identical:

Wolfram Research (2010), LiftingWaveletTransform, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.html (updated 2017).

Text

Wolfram Research (2010), LiftingWaveletTransform, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.html (updated 2017).

CMS

Wolfram Language. 2010. "LiftingWaveletTransform." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. Last Modified 2017. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.html.

APA

Wolfram Language. (2010). LiftingWaveletTransform. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.html

BibTeX

@misc{reference.wolfram_2023_liftingwavelettransform, author="Wolfram Research", title="{LiftingWaveletTransform}", year="2017", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.html}", note=[Accessed: 19-March-2024 ]}

BibLaTeX

@online{reference.wolfram_2023_liftingwavelettransform, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={LiftingWaveletTransform}, year={2017}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/LiftingWaveletTransform.html}, note=[Accessed: 19-March-2024 ]}