GraphSumCopy to clipboard.
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GraphSum
Details and Options
- GraphSum is also known as graph addition.
- GraphSum is typically used to produce multigraphs with particular subgraphs.
- GraphSum[g1,g2] gives a graph obtained by combining edges of the IndexGraph of g1 and g2.
- For graphs g1 and g2 having the same number of vertices, GraphSum[g1,g2] returns AdjacencyGraph[AdjacencyMatrix[g1]+AdjacencyMatrix[g2]].
- GraphSum takes the same options as Graph.
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AlignmentPoint Center the default point in the graphic to align with AnnotationRules {} annotations for graph, edges and vertices AspectRatio Automatic ratio of height to width Axes False whether to draw axes AxesLabel None axes labels AxesOrigin Automatic where axes should cross AxesStyle {} style specifications for the axes Background None background color for the plot BaselinePosition Automatic how to align with a surrounding text baseline BaseStyle {} base style specifications for the graphic ContentSelectable Automatic whether to allow contents to be selected CoordinatesToolOptions Automatic detailed behavior of the coordinates tool DirectedEdges Automatic whether to interpret Rule as DirectedEdge EdgeLabels None labels and label placements for edges EdgeLabelStyle Automatic style to use for edge labels EdgeShapeFunction Automatic generate graphic shapes for edges EdgeStyle Automatic style used for edges EdgeWeight Automatic weights for edges Epilog {} primitives rendered after the main plot FormatType TraditionalForm the default format type for text Frame False whether to put a frame around the plot FrameLabel None frame labels FrameStyle {} style specifications for the frame FrameTicks Automatic frame ticks FrameTicksStyle {} style specifications for frame ticks GraphHighlight {} graph elements to highlight GraphHighlightStyle Automatic style for highlight GraphLayout Automatic how to lay out vertices and edges GridLines None grid lines to draw GridLinesStyle {} style specifications for grid lines ImageMargins 0. the margins to leave around the graphic ImagePadding All what extra padding to allow for labels etc. ImageSize Automatic the absolute size at which to render the graphic LabelStyle {} style specifications for labels Method Automatic details of graphics methods to use PerformanceGoal Automatic aspects of performance to try to optimize PlotLabel None an overall label for the plot PlotRange All range of values to include PlotRangeClipping False whether to clip at the plot range PlotRangePadding Automatic how much to pad the range of values PlotRegion Automatic the final display region to be filled PlotTheme $PlotTheme overall theme for the graph PreserveImageOptions Automatic whether to preserve image options when displaying new versions of the same graphic Prolog {} primitives rendered before the main plot RotateLabel True whether to rotate y labels on the frame Ticks Automatic axes ticks TicksStyle {} style specifications for axes ticks VertexCoordinates Automatic coordinates for vertices VertexLabels None labels and placements for vertices VertexLabelStyle Automatic style to use for vertex labels VertexShape Automatic graphic shape for vertices VertexShapeFunction Automatic generate graphic shapes for vertices VertexSize Medium size of vertices VertexStyle Automatic styles for vertices VertexWeight Automatic weights for vertices
List of all options
Examples
open allclose allBasic Examples (2)Summary of the most common use cases
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-y09g75
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-2c8pnh
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-m1bj51
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Scope (29)Survey of the scope of standard use cases
Directed Graphs (5)
GraphSum works with directed graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-zq47nk
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-5opcl
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-lb4tx5
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-5komsb
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-wpl3zt
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Undirected Graphs (5)
GraphSum works with undirected graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-uv48kz
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-hf3no2
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-c1omjq
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-yvj1t
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-0zhqif
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Mixed Graphs (5)
GraphSum works with mixed graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-xxc6u3
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-lrsx54
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-4o5kuy
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-cz38bv
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-urfdvp
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Multigraphs (5)
GraphSum works with multigraphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-tsn0f4
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-ssgm65
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-t1xhwo
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-expkz4
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-2d0zdg
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Weighted Graphs (5)
GraphSum works with weighted graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-7csf8k
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-jpcxhu
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-z0p727
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-rkv9ly
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-jl91ra
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Special Graphs (4)
GraphSum works on entity graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-9q5ywu
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GraphSum works on trees:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-e0ef82
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Use rules to specify the graph:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-dkj6yp
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GraphSum works with more than two graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-fi43l1
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Properties & Relations (5)Properties of the function, and connections to other functions
The sum of any graph and its complement is a CompleteGraph:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-bg67ou
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-mznf3o
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The sum of any graph and itself is a multigraph:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-t80d52
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The sum of graphs can be obtained by joining the edges of the graphs:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-2u6nz
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The sum of graphs can be obtained by adding their adjacency matrices together:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-dq3fxb
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-de9chq
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GraphSum gives the same result as GraphUnion if graphs have different vertex names:
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-g1kflt
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-bx0f42
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Neat Examples (1)Surprising or curious use cases
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https://wolfram.com/xid/0e7p5l8q-r02m08
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Wolfram Research (2022), GraphSum, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html.
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Wolfram Research (2022), GraphSum, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html.Text
Wolfram Research (2022), GraphSum, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html.
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Wolfram Research (2022), GraphSum, Wolfram Language function, https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html.CMS
Wolfram Language. 2022. "GraphSum." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html.
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Wolfram Language. 2022. "GraphSum." Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Wolfram Research. https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html.APA
Wolfram Language. (2022). GraphSum. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html
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Wolfram Language. (2022). GraphSum. Wolfram Language & System Documentation Center. Retrieved from https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.htmlBibTeX
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@misc{reference.wolfram_2025_graphsum, author="Wolfram Research", title="{GraphSum}", year="2022", howpublished="\url{https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html}", note=[Accessed: 06-April-2025
]}BibLaTeX
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@online{reference.wolfram_2025_graphsum, organization={Wolfram Research}, title={GraphSum}, year={2022}, url={https://reference.wolfram.com/language/ref/GraphSum.html}, note=[Accessed: 06-April-2025
]}