Elementary Transcendental Functions
| Exp[z] | exponential function  |
| Log[z] | logarithm  |
| Log[b,z] | logarithm  to base  |
| Log2[z], Log10[z] | logarithm to base 2 and 10 |
| Sin[z], Cos[z], Tan[z], Csc[z], Sec[z], Cot[z] |
| trigonometric functions (with arguments in radians) |
| ArcSin[z], ArcCos[z], ArcTan[z], ArcCsc[z], ArcSec[z], ArcCot[z] |
| inverse trigonometric functions (giving results in radians) |
| ArcTan[x,y] | the argument of  |
| Sinh[z], Cosh[z], Tanh[z], Csch[z], Sech[z], Coth[z] |
| hyperbolic functions |
| ArcSinh[z], ArcCosh[z], ArcTanh[z], ArcCsch[z], ArcSech[z], ArcCoth[z] |
| inverse hyperbolic functions |
| Sinc[z] | sinc function  |
| Haversine[z] | haversine function  |
| InverseHaversine[z] | inverse haversine function  |
| Gudermannian[z] | Gudermannian function  |
| InverseGudermannian[z] | inverse Gudermannian function  |
Elementary transcendental functions.
Mathematica gives exact results for logarithms whenever it can. Here is
.
| Out[1]= |  |
You can find the numerical values of mathematical functions to any precision.
| Out[2]= |  |
This gives a complex number result.
| Out[3]= |  |
Mathematica can evaluate logarithms with complex arguments.
| Out[4]= |  |
The arguments of trigonometric functions are always given in radians.
| Out[5]= |  |
You can convert from degrees by explicitly multiplying by the constant
Degree.
| Out[6]= |  |
Here is a plot of the hyperbolic tangent function. It has a characteristic "sigmoidal" form.
| Out[7]= |  |
The haversine function Haversine[z] is defined by 
. The inverse haversine function InverseHaversine[z] is defined by 
. The Gudermannian function Gudermannian[z] is defined as 
. The inverse Gudermannian function InverseGudermannian[z] is defined by 
. The Gudermannian satisfies such relations as 
. The sinc function Sinc[z] is the Fourier transform of a square signal.
There are a number of additional trigonometric and hyperbolic functions that are sometimes used. The versine function is sometimes encountered in the literature and simply is 
. The coversine function is defined as 
. The complex exponential 
is sometimes written as 
.
